1
|
Moses IB, Santos INM, Ribeiro ÁCDS, Santos FF, Cayô R, Gales AC. Co-resistance to methicillin and clindamycin among coagulase-negative staphylococci isolates recovered from pet food in Brazil. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 418:110726. [PMID: 38704995 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2024.110726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Pet food have been considered as possible vehicles of bacterial pathogens. The sudden boom of the pet food industry due to the worldwide increase in companion animal ownership calls for pet food investigations. Herein, this study aimed to determine the frequency, antimicrobial susceptibility profile, and molecular characteristics of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) in different pet food brands in Brazil. Eighty-six pet food packages were screened for CoNS. All isolates were identified at species level by MALDI-TOF MS and species-specific PCR. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by disc diffusion and broth microdilution (vancomycin and teicoplanin only) methods. The D-test was used to screen for inducible clindamycin phenotype (MLS-B). SCCmec typing and detection of mecA, vanA, vanB, and virulence-encoding genes were done by PCR. A total of 16 (18.6 %) CoNS isolates were recovered from pet food samples. Isolates were generally multidrug-resistant (MDR). All isolates were completely resistant (100 %) to penicillin. Resistances (12.5 % - 75 %) were also observed for fluoroquinolones, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, tetracycline, rifampicin, erythromycin, and tobramycin. Isolates were susceptible to vancomycin (MICs <0.25-1 μg/mL) and teicoplanin (MICs <0.25-4 μg/mL). Intriguingly, 3/8 (37.5 %) CoNS isolates with the ERYRCLIS antibiotype expressed MLS-B phenotype. All isolates harboured blaZ gene. Seven (43.8 %) isolates carried mecA; and among them, the SCCmec Type III was the most frequent (n = 5/7; 71.4 %). Isolates also harboured seb, see, seg, sej, sem, etb, tsst, pvl, and hla toxin virulence-encoding genes (6.3 % - 25 %). A total of 12/16 (75 %) isolates were biofilm producers, while the icaAB gene was detected in an S. pasteuri isolate. Herein, it is shown that pet food is a potential source of clinically important Gram-positive bacterial pathogens. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of MLS-B phenotype and MR-CoNS in pet food in Latin America.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ikechukwu Benjamin Moses
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Laboratório Alerta, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), São Paul, SP, Brazil; Department of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Ebonyi, Nigeria; Antimicrobial Resistance Institute of São Paulo (ARIES), São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Ingrid Nayara Marcelino Santos
- Antimicrobial Resistance Institute of São Paulo (ARIES), São Paulo, Brazil; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Laboratório Especial de Microbiologia Clínica (LEMC), Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ághata Cardoso da Silva Ribeiro
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Laboratório Alerta, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), São Paul, SP, Brazil; Antimicrobial Resistance Institute of São Paulo (ARIES), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Fernandes Santos
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Laboratório Alerta, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), São Paul, SP, Brazil; Antimicrobial Resistance Institute of São Paulo (ARIES), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Cayô
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Laboratório Alerta, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), São Paul, SP, Brazil; Antimicrobial Resistance Institute of São Paulo (ARIES), São Paulo, Brazil; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Laboratório de Imunologia e Microbiologia (LIB), Setor de Biologia Molecular, Microbiologia e Imunologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas (DCB), Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas (ICAQF), Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Gales
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Laboratório Alerta, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), São Paul, SP, Brazil; Antimicrobial Resistance Institute of São Paulo (ARIES), São Paulo, Brazil; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Laboratório Especial de Microbiologia Clínica (LEMC), Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Titouche Y, Akkou M, Djaoui Y, Mechoub D, Fatihi A, Campaña-Burguet A, Bouchez P, Bouhier L, Houali K, Torres C, Nia Y, Hennekinne JA. Nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus in healthy dairy cows in Algeria: antibiotic resistance, enterotoxin genes and biofilm formation. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:247. [PMID: 38849892 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04103-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus can colonize and infect a variety of animal species. In dairy herds, it is one of the leading causes of mastitis cases. The objective of this study was to characterize the S. aureus isolates recovered from nasal swabs of 249 healthy cows and 21 breeders of 21 dairy farms located in two provinces of Algeria (Tizi Ouzou and Bouira). METHODS The detection of enterotoxin genes was investigated by multiplex PCRs. Resistance of recovered isolates to 8 antimicrobial agents was determined by disc-diffusion method. The slime production and biofilm formation of S. aureus isolates were assessed using congo-red agar (CRA) and microtiter-plate assay. Molecular characterization of selected isolates was carried out by spa-typing and Multi-Locus-Sequence-Typing (MLST). RESULTS S. aureus was detected in 30/249 (12%) and 6/13 (28.6%) of nasal swabs in cows and breeders, respectively, and a total of 72 isolates were recovered from positive samples (59 isolates from cows and 13 from breeders). Twenty-six of these isolates (36.1%) harbored genes encoding for staphylococcal enterotoxins, including 17/59 (28.8%) isolates from cows and 9/13 (69.2%) from breeders. Moreover, 49.1% and 92.3% of isolates from cows and breeders, respectively, showed penicillin resistance. All isolates were considered as methicillin-susceptible (MSSA). Forty-five (76.3%) of the isolates from cows were slime producers and 52 (88.1%) of them had the ability to form biofilm in microtiter plates. Evidence of a possible zoonotic transmission was observed in two farms, since S. aureus isolates recovered in these farms from cows and breeders belonged to the same clonal lineage (CC15-ST15-t084 or CC30-ST34-t2228). CONCLUSIONS Although healthy cows in this study did not harbor methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolates, the nares of healthy cows could be a reservoir of enterotoxigenic and biofilm producing isolates which could have implications in human and animal health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yacine Titouche
- Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry and Biotechnology (LABAB), University Mouloud Mammeri, Tizi Ouzou, Algeria.
| | - Madjid Akkou
- Laboratory of Biotechnologies Related to Animal Reproduction, Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University of Saad Dahlab, Blida 1.Blida, Tizi Ouzou, Algeria
| | - Yasmina Djaoui
- Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry and Biotechnology (LABAB), University Mouloud Mammeri, Tizi Ouzou, Algeria
| | - Donia Mechoub
- Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry and Biotechnology (LABAB), University Mouloud Mammeri, Tizi Ouzou, Algeria
| | - Abdelhak Fatihi
- Laboratory For Food Safety, University Paris Est, Maisons-Alfort, Paris, France, Anses, F-94700, France
| | - Allelen Campaña-Burguet
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Pascal Bouchez
- Laboratory For Food Safety, University Paris Est, Maisons-Alfort, Paris, France, Anses, F-94700, France
| | - Laurence Bouhier
- Laboratory For Food Safety, University Paris Est, Maisons-Alfort, Paris, France, Anses, F-94700, France
| | - Karim Houali
- Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry and Biotechnology (LABAB), University Mouloud Mammeri, Tizi Ouzou, Algeria
| | - Carmen Torres
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Yacine Nia
- Laboratory For Food Safety, University Paris Est, Maisons-Alfort, Paris, France, Anses, F-94700, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lichota A, Gwozdzinski K, Kowalczyk E, Kowalczyk M, Sienkiewicz M. Contribution of staphylococcal virulence factors in the pathogenesis of thrombosis. Microbiol Res 2024; 283:127703. [PMID: 38537329 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Staphylococci are responsible for many infections in humans, starting with skin and soft tissue infections and finishing with invasive diseases such as endocarditis, sepsis and pneumonia, which lead to high mortality. Patients with sepsis often demonstrate activated clotting pathways, decreased levels of anticoagulants, decreased fibrinolysis, activated endothelial surfaces and activated platelets. This results in disseminated intravascular coagulation and formation of a microthrombus, which can lead to a multiorgan failure. This review describes various staphylococcal virulence factors that contribute to vascular thrombosis, including deep vein thrombosis in infected patients. The article presents mechanisms of action of different factors released by bacteria in various host defense lines, which in turn can lead to formation of blood clots in the vessels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lichota
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Microbiological Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
| | | | - Edward Kowalczyk
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Monika Sienkiewicz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Microbiological Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Osman AH, Darkwah S, Kotey FCN, Odoom A, Hotor P, Dayie NTKD, Donkor ES. Reservoirs of Nosocomial Pathogens in Intensive Care Units: A Systematic Review. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH INSIGHTS 2024; 18:11786302241243239. [PMID: 38828046 PMCID: PMC11141231 DOI: 10.1177/11786302241243239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Background Nosocomial pathogens are known to exacerbate morbidity and mortality in contemporary critical healthcare. Hospital fomites, which include inanimate surfaces, have been identified as "breeding grounds" for pathogens that cause nosocomial infections. This systematic review aimed to deliver incisive insights on nosocomial pathogens in intensive care units (ICUs) and the role of fomites as potential reservoirs for their transmission. Method An extensive exploration of electronic databases, including PubMed and Scopus, from 1990 to 2023, was carried out between 25th and 29th May 2023, per standard PRISMA guidelines. Information were extracted from articles that reported on fomites in the ICU. Studies that did not quantitatively report the fomite contamination, and those that exclusively took samples from patients in the ICU were excluded from the analysis. Results About 40% of the total samples collected on fomites from all the studies yielded microbial growth, with species of Staphylococcus being the most predominant. Other prevalent microbes were Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Candida spp., Enterococcus sp., and Enterobacter sp. The neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) had the highest proportion of contaminated fomites. Among known fomites, the sphygmomanometer exhibited a 100% detection rate of nosocomial pathogens. This included E. aerogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS), E. coli, and K. pneumoniae. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, such as methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE), extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli, and MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa were commonly isolated on fomites in the ICUs. Conclusion Many fomites that are readily used in patient care in the ICU harbour nosocomial pathogens. The most common fomite appeared to be mobile phones, sphygmomanometers, and stethoscopes, with Staphylococcus being the most common contaminant. Consequently, the need for rigorous disinfection and sterilization protocols on fomites in the ICU cannot be overemphasized. Additionally, heightened awareness on the subject among health professionals is crucial to mitigating the risk and burden of nosocomial infections caused by drug-resistant bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul-Halim Osman
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | - Samuel Darkwah
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | - Fleischer C N Kotey
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | - Alex Odoom
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | - Prince Hotor
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | - Nicholas T K D Dayie
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | - Eric S Donkor
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Schults JA, Reynolds H, Rickard CM, Culwick MD, Mihala G, Alexandrou E, Ullman AJ. Dressings and securement devices to prevent complications for peripheral arterial catheters. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2024; 5:CD013023. [PMID: 38780138 PMCID: PMC11112983 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd013023.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripheral arterial catheters (ACs) are used in anaesthesia and intensive care settings for blood sampling and monitoring. Despite their importance, ACs often fail, requiring reinsertion. Dressings and securement devices maintain AC function and prevent complications such as infection. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effectiveness of peripheral AC dressing and securement devices to prevent failure and complications in hospitalised people. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Wounds Specialised Register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, and CINAHL Plus up to 16 May 2023. We also searched ClinicalTrials.gov and the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform up to 16 May 2023. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing different dressing and securement devices for the stabilisation of ACs in hospitalised people. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently selected trials for inclusion, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias using Cochrane's RoB 1 tool. We resolved disagreements by discussion, or by consulting a third review author when necessary. We assessed the certainty of evidence using GRADE. MAIN RESULTS We included five RCTs with 1228 participants and 1228 ACs. All included studies had high risk of bias in one or more domains. We present the following four comparisons, with the remaining comparisons reported in the main review. Standard polyurethane (SPU) plus tissue adhesive (TA) compared with SPU: we are very uncertain whether use of SPU plus TA impacts rates of AC failure (risk ratio (RR) 0.44, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.20 to 0.98; I² = 0%; 2 studies, 165 participants; very low-certainty evidence). Neither study (165 participants) reported catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI), thus we are very uncertain whether SPU plus TA impacts on the incidence of CRBSI (very low-certainty evidence). It is very uncertain whether use of SPU plus TA impacts AC dislodgement risk (RR 0.54, 95% CI 0.03 to 9.62; I² = 44%; 2 studies, 165 participants; very low-certainty evidence). We are very uncertain whether use of SPU plus TA impacts AC occlusion rates (RR 1.20, 95% CI 0.37 to 3.91; I² = 3%; 2 studies, 165 participants; very low-certainty evidence). We are very uncertain whether use of SPU plus TA impacts rates of adverse events with few reported events across groups (RR 0.89, 95% CI 0.09 to 8.33; I² = 0%; 2 studies, 165 participants; very low-certainty evidence). Bordered polyurethane (BPU) compared to SPU: we are very uncertain whether use of BPU impacts rates of AC failure (RR 0.67, 95% CI 0.21 to 2.13; 1 study, 60 participants; very low-certainty evidence). BPU may make little or no difference to CRBSI compared to SPU (RR 3.05, 95% CI 0.12 to 74.45; I² = not applicable as 1 study (60 participants) reported 0 events; 2 studies, 572 participants; low-certainty evidence). BPU may make little or no difference to the risk of AC dislodgement compared with SPU (RR 0.75, 95% CI 0.17 to 3.22; I² = 0%; 2 studies, 572 participants; low-certainty evidence). BPU may make little or no difference to occlusion risk compared with SPU (RR 0.80, 95% CI 0.60 to 1.07; I² = 0%; 2 studies, 572 participants; low-certainty evidence). It is very uncertain whether BPU impacts on the risk of adverse events compared with SPU (RR 0.33, 95% CI 0.01 to 7.87; 1 study, 60 participants; very low-certainty evidence). SPU plus sutureless securement devices (SSD) compared to SPU: we are very uncertain whether SPU plus SSD impacts risk of AC failure compared with SPU (RR 0.78, 95% CI 0.40 to 1.52; I² = 0%; 2 studies, 157 participants; very low-certainty evidence). We are very uncertain if SPU plus SSD impacts CRBSI incidence rate with no events in both groups (2 studies, 157 participants; very low-certainty evidence). It is very uncertain whether SPU plus SSD impacts risk of dislodgement (RR 0.14, 95% CI 0.01 to 2.57; I² = not applicable as 1 study (96 participants) reported 0 events; 2 studies, 157 participants; very low-certainty evidence). It is very uncertain whether SPU plus SSD impacts risk of AC occlusion (RR 1.94, 95% CI 0.50 to 7.48; I² = 38%; 2 studies, 157 participants; very low-certainty evidence). We are very uncertain whether SPU plus SSD impacts on the risk of adverse events (RR 1.94, 95% CI 0.19 to 20.24; I² = not applicable as 1 study (96 participants) reported 0 events; 2 studies, 157 participants; very low-certainty evidence). Integrated securement dressings compared to SPU: integrated securement dressings may result in little or no difference in risk of AC failure compared with SPU (RR 1.96, 95% CI 0.80 to 4.84; 1 study, 105 participants; low-certainty evidence); may result in little or no difference in CRBSI incidence with no events reported (1 study, 105 participants; low-certainty evidence); may result in little or no difference in the risk of dislodgement (RR 0.33, 95% CI 0.04 to 3.04; 1 study, 105 participants; low-certainty evidence), may result in little or no difference in occlusion rates with no events reported (1 study, 105 participants; low-certainty evidence), and may result in little or no difference in the risk of adverse events (RR 0.35, 95% CI 0.01 to 8.45; 1 study, 105 participants; low-certainty evidence). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There is currently limited rigorous RCT evidence available about the relative clinical effectiveness of AC dressing and securement products. Limitations of current evidence include small sample size, infrequent events, and heterogeneous outcome measurements. We found no clear difference in the incidence of AC failure, CRBSI, or adverse events across AC dressing or securement products including SPU, BPU, SSD, TA, and integrated securement products. The limitations of current evidence means further rigorous RCTs are needed to reduce uncertainty around the use of dressing and securement devices for ACs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Schults
- Herston Infectious Diseases Institute, Nursing Midwifery Research Centre, Metro North Health, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Alliance for Vascular Access Teaching and Research (AVATAR), School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Heather Reynolds
- Alliance for Vascular Access Teaching and Research (AVATAR), School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
- The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Claire M Rickard
- Herston Infectious Diseases Institute, Nursing Midwifery Research Centre, Metro North Health, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Alliance for Vascular Access Teaching and Research (AVATAR), School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
- NHMRC Wiser Wound Care, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Gabor Mihala
- Centre for Health Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - Evan Alexandrou
- Alliance for Vascular Access Teaching and Research (AVATAR), School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Nursing, University of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amanda J Ullman
- Alliance for Vascular Access Teaching and Research (AVATAR), School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
- NHMRC Wiser Wound Care, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
- Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service, Centre of Children's Health Research, South Brisbane, Australia
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Traoré SG, Fokou G, Wognin AS, Dié SAG, Amanzou NAA, Heitz-Tokpa K, Tetchi SM, Seko MO, Sanhoun AR, Traoré A, Anoh EA, Tiembre I, Koussemon-Camara M, Akoua-Koffi C, Bonfoh B. Assessment of handwashing impact on detection of SARS-CoV-2, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli on hands in rural and urban settings of Côte d'Ivoire during COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1380. [PMID: 38778328 PMCID: PMC11112913 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18838-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Handwashing is the first line of hygiene measures and one of the oldest methods of preventing the spread of infectious diseases. Despite its efficacy in the health system, handwashing is often inadequately practiced by populations. This study aimed to assess the presence of SARS-CoV-2, Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) on hands as indicators of lack of hand hygiene during COVID 19 pandemic. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in rural Taabo and urban Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire) from January to September 2021. A total of 384 participants from 384 households were included in the study. The total households were distributed proportionally within various municipalities in the two study areas according to the number of households in each municipality, based on data of the National Institute of Statistics from the 2014 general population census. Hand swabbing of the 384 participants within households (320 in Abidjan and 64 in Taabo) was performed for the enumeration of E. coli and S aureus, using laboratory standard method and for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 by RT-qPCR. A binary logistic regression model was built with the outcome variable presence of Staphylococcus spp. on hands of respondents that was categorized into binary variables, Staphylococcus spp. (1 = presence, 0 = absence) for the Risk Ratio estimation. Place of living, sex, handwashing, education and age group were used to adjust the model to observe the effects of these explanatory variables. RESULTS No presence of SARS-CoV-2 virus was detected on the hands of respondents in both sites. However, in urban Abidjan, only Staphylococcus spp. (Coagulase Negative Staphylococci) was found on the hands of 233 (72.8%, 95%CI: 67.7-77.4) respondents with the average load of 0.56 CFU/ Cm2 (95% CI, 0.52-0.60). Meanwhile, in rural Taabo, Staphylococcus spp. (Coagulase Negative Staphylococci) and E. coli were found on the hands of 40 (62.5%, 95%CI: 50.3-73.3) and 7 (10.9%, 95%CI: 5.4-20.9) respondents with the respective average load of 0.49 CFU/ Cm2 (95% CI, 0.39-0.59) and 0.08 CFU/ Cm2 (95% CI, 0.03-0.18). Participants living in rural Taabo were less likely to have Staphylococcus spp. on their hands (RR = 0.811; 95%IC: 0.661-0.995) compared to those living in urban Abidjan. CONCLUSIONS No SARS-CoV-2 was detected on the hands of participants in both sites, suggesting that our study did not show direct transmission through hands. No E. coli was found in urban Abidjan while E. coli was found on the hands of participants in rural Taabo indicating poor hand washing and disinfection practices in rural Taabo. Living in urban Abidjan is statistically associated to having Staphylococcus spp. on hands. Further studies are necessary especially to understand to what extent the presence of Staphylococcus spp. on hands indicates a higher infection or fecal colonization rates in the case of E. coli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Gnamien Traoré
- Université Peleforo Gon Coulibaly, Korhogo, Côte d'Ivoire
- Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Gilbert Fokou
- Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | | | | | - Nogbou Andetchi Aubin Amanzou
- Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
- Université Virtuelle de Côte d'Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Kathrin Heitz-Tokpa
- Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | | | - Malik Orou Seko
- Ecole Inter-Etats des Sciences et Médecine Vétérinaires, Dakar, Sénégal.
| | - Aimé Roland Sanhoun
- Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
- Université Nangui Abrogoua, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Adjaratou Traoré
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bouaké, Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire
| | | | - Issaka Tiembre
- Institut National d'Hygiène Publique, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | | | - Chantal Akoua-Koffi
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bouaké, Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire
- UFR Sciences Médicales de l'Université Alassane Ouattara, Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Bassirou Bonfoh
- Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Genito CJ, Darwitz BP, Reber CP, Moorman NJ, Graves CL, Monteith AJ, Thurlow LR. mTOR signaling is required for phagocyte free radical production, GLUT1 expression, and control of Staphylococcus aureus infection. mBio 2024:e0086224. [PMID: 38767353 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00862-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a key regulator of metabolism in the mammalian cell. Here, we show the essential role for mTOR signaling in the immune response to bacterial infection. Inhibition of mTOR during infection with Staphylococcus aureus revealed that mTOR signaling is required for bactericidal free radical production by phagocytes. Mechanistically, mTOR supported glucose transporter GLUT1 expression, potentially through hypoxia-inducible factor 1α, upon phagocyte activation. Cytokine and chemokine signaling, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and p65 nuclear translocation were present at similar levels during mTOR suppression, suggesting an NF-κB-independent role for mTOR signaling in the immune response during bacterial infection. We propose that mTOR signaling primarily mediates the metabolic requirements necessary for phagocyte bactericidal free radical production. This study has important implications for the metabolic requirements of innate immune cells during bacterial infection as well as the clinical use of mTOR inhibitors.IMPORTANCESirolimus, everolimus, temsirolimus, and similar are a class of pharmaceutics commonly used in the clinical treatment of cancer and the anti-rejection of transplanted organs. Each of these agents suppresses the activity of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a master regulator of metabolism in human cells. Activation of mTOR is also involved in the immune response to bacterial infection, and treatments that inhibit mTOR are associated with increased susceptibility to bacterial infections in the skin and soft tissue. Infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus are among the most common and severe. Our study shows that this susceptibility to S. aureus infection during mTOR suppression is due to an impaired function of phagocytic immune cells responsible for controlling bacterial infections. Specifically, we observed that mTOR activity is required for phagocytes to produce antimicrobial free radicals. These results have important implications for immune responses during clinical treatments and in disease states where mTOR is suppressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Genito
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Benjamin P Darwitz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Callista P Reber
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Nathaniel J Moorman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Christina L Graves
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Andrew J Monteith
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Lance R Thurlow
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Díez-Vidal A, González-García ME, Marco-Clement I, Azores-Moreno J, Roces-Álvarez P, Marcelo-Calvo C, Martínez-Martín P, González-Muñoz B, Fernández-Hinojal F, Loeches B. Recurrent bacteremia and endocarditis due to Staphylococcus capitis in a patient with Bowen's disease: a case report. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 43:999-1002. [PMID: 38376633 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-024-04783-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
This case report details the management of a 79-year-old male with recurrent methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus capitis bacteremia and endocarditis. The patient's clinical journey encompassed multiple hospital admissions, with challenges in managing endocarditis, pacemaker replacements, and potential cutaneous sources of infection. The treatment regimen included intravenous antibiotic therapy during hospitalization and suppressive antibiotic treatment upon discharge, alongside a decolonization strategy for his scalp lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Díez-Vidal
- Department of Infectious Diseases, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Irene Marco-Clement
- Department of Cardiology, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Azores-Moreno
- Department of Nephrology, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Roces-Álvarez
- Department of Microbiology, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Marcelo-Calvo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Martínez-Martín
- Department of Infectious Diseases, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Borja González-Muñoz
- Department of Internal Medicine, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Belén Loeches
- Department of Infectious Diseases, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rossi CC, Ahmad F, Giambiagi-deMarval M. Staphylococcus haemolyticus: An updated review on nosocomial infections, antimicrobial resistance, virulence, genetic traits, and strategies for combating this emerging opportunistic pathogen. Microbiol Res 2024; 282:127652. [PMID: 38432015 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Staphylococcus haemolyticus, a key species of the Staphylococcus genus, holds significant importance in healthcare-associated infections, due to its notable resistance to antimicrobials, like methicillin, and proficient biofilms-forming capabilities. This coagulase-negative bacterium poses a substantial challenge in the battle against nosocomial infections. Recent research has shed light on Staph. haemolyticus genomic plasticity, unveiling genetic elements responsible for antibiotic resistance and their widespread dissemination within the genus. This review presents an updated and comprehensive overview of the clinical significance and prevalence of Staph. haemolyticus, underscores its zoonotic potential and relevance in the one health framework, explores crucial virulence factors, and examines genetics features contributing to its success in causing emergent and challenging infections. Additionally, we scrutinize ongoing studies aimed at controlling spread and alternative approaches for combating it.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ciro César Rossi
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
| | - Faizan Ahmad
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Oldendorff F, Nordberg V, Giske CG, Navér L. A decade of neonatal sepsis in Stockholm, Sweden: Gram-positive pathogens were four times as common as Gram-negatives. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 43:959-968. [PMID: 38517573 PMCID: PMC11108929 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-024-04809-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess Gram-positive bacterial (GPB) bloodstream infection (BSI) in neonates, covering incidence, morbidity, mortality, antimicrobial resistance patterns and biomarkers in Region Stockholm, Sweden between 2006 and 2016. METHODS A population-based retrospective epidemiological study including infants with GPB-BSI, admitted to the neonatal units at Karolinska University Hospital (KUH). Data were collected from patient records, the Swedish Neonatal Quality Register, the microbiological laboratory at KUH and the Swedish Public Health Agency. RESULTS We identified 357 infants with GPB-BSI, representing an incidence of 1.47/1000 live births (LB). Group B streptococcus (GBS) was the most common pathogen causing BSI in full-term infants and early-onset sepsis (EOS) (0.20/1000 LB), while coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) were predominant in infants born very preterm and in late-onset sepsis (LOS) (0.79/1000 LB). There were no fatal GBS BSI cases, but 10.2% developed meningitis. The GPB case fatality rate was 9.5% and the sepsis fatality rate 2.8%. In GPB-BSI, 1/10 did not have an elevated C-reactive protein level. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) BSI increased during the study period, but no methicillin or vancomycin resistant strains were found. The antimicrobial resistance (AMR) rate was highest in CoNS isolates. CONCLUSION GPB-BSI was four times more common than Gram-negative BSI in neonates but resulted in lower mortality rate. GBS was the most common pathogen in full-term infants and in EOS. CoNS was the most common pathogen in LOS and infants born very preterm, and the AMR rate was high in these isolates. The increasing trend of S. aureus BSI indicates a need of further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frida Oldendorff
- Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Clinical Science Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Division of Pediatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Viveka Nordberg
- Department of Neonatology, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Science Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Division of Pediatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christian G Giske
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Navér
- Department of Neonatology, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Science Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Division of Pediatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Suardi V, Baroni D, Shahein AHA, Morena V, Logoluso N, Mangiavini L, Pellegrini AV. Microbiology of Prosthetic Joint Infections: A Retrospective Study of an Italian Orthopaedic Hospital. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:399. [PMID: 38786128 PMCID: PMC11117340 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13050399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The most frequent cause of periprosthetic infections (PJIs) is intraoperative contamination; hence, antibiotic prophylaxis plays a crucial role in prevention. Modifications to standard prophylaxis can be considered if there is a high incidence of microorganisms resistant to current protocols. To date, very few studies regarding microbial etiology have been published in Italy. In this single-center, retrospective study conducted at IRCCS Ospedale Galeazzi-Sant'Ambrogio in Milan, we analyzed hip, knee, and shoulder PJIs in patients undergoing first implantation between 1 January 17 and 31 December 2021. The primary aim was to derive a local microbiological case history. The secondary aim was to evaluate the adequacy of preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis in relation to the identified bacteria. A total of 57 PJIs and 65 pathogens were identified: 16 S. aureus, 15 S. epidermidis, and 10 other coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), which accounted for 63% of the isolations. A total of 86.7% of S. epidermidis were methicillin-resistant (MRSE). In line with other case reports, we found a predominance of staphylococcal infections, with a lower percentage of MRSA than the Italian average, while we found a high percentage of MRSE. We estimated that 44.6% of the bacteria isolated were resistant to cefazolin, our standard prophylaxis. These PJIs could be prevented by using glycopeptide alone or in combination with cefazolin, but the literature reports conflicting results regarding the adequacy of such prophylaxis. In conclusion, our study showed that in our local hospital, our standard antibiotic prophylaxis is ineffective for almost half of the cases, highlighting the importance of defining specific antibiotic guidelines based on the local bacterial prevalence of each institution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Suardi
- IRCCS Ospedale Galeazzi–Sant’Ambrogio, 20157 Milan, Italy; (V.S.); (N.L.); (A.V.P.)
| | - Daniele Baroni
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Alessandro Manzoni Hospital, 23900 Lecco, Italy;
| | | | - Valentina Morena
- Infectious Disease Unit, Alessandro Manzoni Hospital, 23900 Lecco, Italy;
| | - Nicola Logoluso
- IRCCS Ospedale Galeazzi–Sant’Ambrogio, 20157 Milan, Italy; (V.S.); (N.L.); (A.V.P.)
| | - Laura Mangiavini
- IRCCS Ospedale Galeazzi–Sant’Ambrogio, 20157 Milan, Italy; (V.S.); (N.L.); (A.V.P.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sigudu T, Qekwana D, Oguttu J. A Retrospective Descriptive Study of Staphylococcus Species Isolated from Canine Specimens Submitted to a Diagnostic Laboratory in South Africa, 2012-2017. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1304. [PMID: 38731308 PMCID: PMC11083448 DOI: 10.3390/ani14091304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
There is a scarcity of published studies on the occurrence of Staphylococcus spp. Among dogs in South Africa. The objective of the study was to characterise the Staphylococcus spp. Isolated from dog samples submitted to a veterinary diagnostic laboratory in South Africa in terms of time, place, and person. This study utilised a dataset of 1627 positive Staphylococcus isolates obtained from a veterinary diagnostic laboratory in South Africa from 2012 to 2017. Out of the 1627 confirmed isolates, 10 different species of Staphylococcus were identified. Among these, 92.0% were classified as coagulase-positive staphylococci (CoPS), 6.0% were coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), and 3.0% were coagulase-variable. Male dogs contributed just over half (53.2%) of the Staphylococcus isolates, while female dogs contributed the remaining 46.8%. The largest proportion of isolates (23.2%) were obtained from dogs aged ≥ 9 years, with the highest number of isolates originating from KwaZulu-Natal Province (45.0%) and the least from Northern Cape Province (0.1%). Out of the total samples included in the records, the majority (46.0%) were skin specimens. The number of Staphylococcus isolates recorded showed limited variation between the seasons (24.3% in autumn, 26.3% in winter, 26.0% in spring, and 24.0% in summer). This study highlighted the diversity of Staphylococcus spp. isolated from dogs, and the burden of staphylococcal carriage among dogs in South Africa. Further research is required to examine the factors that contribute to the observed discrepancies in the proportions of Staphylococcus spp. between the provinces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Themba Sigudu
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Johannesburg 1709, South Africa;
- Department of Health and Society, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Daniel Qekwana
- Section Veterinary Public Health, Department of Para Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0110, South Africa;
| | - James Oguttu
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Johannesburg 1709, South Africa;
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang YT, Lin YC, Hsieh YH, Lin YT, Hamada M, Chen CC, Liou JS, Lee AY, Zhang WL, Chen YT, Huang CH. Staphylococcus hsinchuensis sp. nov., Isolated from Soymilk. Pathogens 2024; 13:343. [PMID: 38668298 PMCID: PMC11055063 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13040343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
A novel coagulase-negative Staphylococcus strain (H164T) was isolated from soymilk in Taiwan. Comparative sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene revealed that the H164T strain is a member of the genus Staphylococcus. We used multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) and phylogenomic analyses to demonstrate that the novel strain was closely related to Staphylococcus gallinarum, Staphylococcus nepalensis, Staphylococcus cohnii, and Staphylococcus urealyuticus. The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between H164T and its closest relatives were <95% and <70%, respectively. The H164T strain could also be distinguished from its closest relatives by the fermentation of d-fructose, d-maltose, d-trehalose, and d-mannitol, as well as by the activities of α-glucosidase and alkaline phosphatase. The major cellular fatty acids were C15:0 iso and C15:0 anteiso, and the predominant menaquinones were MK-7 and MK-8, respectively. The major cellular fatty acids and predominant menaquinones were C15:0 iso and C15:0 anteiso and MK-7 and MK-8, respectively. In conclusion, this strain represents a novel species, named Staphylococcus hsinchuensis sp. nov., with the type strain H164T (=BCRC 81404T = NBRC 116174T).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Wang
- Division of Research and Analysis, Food and Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei 115021, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Chun Lin
- Taiwan Livestock Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tainan 71246, Taiwan; (Y.-C.L.)
- Fisheries Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Keelung 202008, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Huei Hsieh
- Taiwan Livestock Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tainan 71246, Taiwan; (Y.-C.L.)
| | - Yu-Tzu Lin
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan;
| | - Moriyuki Hamada
- Biological Resource Center, National Institute of Technology and Evaluation (NBRC), 2-5-8 Kazusakamatari, Kisarazu 292-0818, Chiba, Japan
| | - Chih-Chieh Chen
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Rapid Screening Research Center for Toxicology and Biomedicine, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Shian Liou
- Bioresource Collection and Research Center (BCRC), Food Industry Research and Development Institute, Hsinchu 30062, Taiwan (A.-Y.L.)
| | - Ai-Yun Lee
- Bioresource Collection and Research Center (BCRC), Food Industry Research and Development Institute, Hsinchu 30062, Taiwan (A.-Y.L.)
| | - Wei-Ling Zhang
- Bioresource Collection and Research Center (BCRC), Food Industry Research and Development Institute, Hsinchu 30062, Taiwan (A.-Y.L.)
| | - Yung-Tsung Chen
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202301, Taiwan;
| | - Chien-Hsun Huang
- Bioresource Collection and Research Center (BCRC), Food Industry Research and Development Institute, Hsinchu 30062, Taiwan (A.-Y.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Li M, Kopylova E, Mao J, Namkoong J, Sanders J, Wu J. Microbiome and lipidomic analysis reveal the interplay between skin bacteria and lipids in a cohort study. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1383656. [PMID: 38666261 PMCID: PMC11043602 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1383656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Human skin acts as a protective barrier between the body and the external environment. Skin microbiome and intercellular lipids in the stratum corneum (SC) are essential for maintaining skin barrier function. However, the interplay between skin bacteria and the lipids is not fully understood. In this study, we characterized the skin microbiome and SC lipid profiles from the forearm and face in a cohort of 57 healthy participants. 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed the skin microbial composition is significantly different between body locations and genders. Female forearm samples have the highest microbial diversity. The relative abundance of Staphylococcus hominis, Micrococcus luteus, Corynebacterium tuberculostearicum, Finegoldia magna, and Moraxellaceae sp. are significantly higher in the forearm than the face. The predictive functional analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequencing by Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt2) and ANCOM-BC showed different bacterial metabolic pathway profiles between body locations or genders, and identified 271 differential pathways, including arginine and polyamine biosynthesis, chorismate biosynthesis pathways, which are more abundant in the female forearm, and sulfur oxidation pathway, which is more abundant in the male face. The SC lipid profiles differ between the body locations as well. Total free fatty acids (FFA), cholesterol sulfate and sphingosine are more abundant in the face. Dihydro-/6-hydroxy/phyto-ceramides are more abundant in the forearm. The correlation analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequencing and lipids revealed novel interplay between the bacteria and skin lipids. Shannon entropy and S. hominis negatively correlated with FFA, cholesterol sulfate and sphingosine; while positively correlated with dihydro-/6-hydroxy/phyto-ceramides. The correlation of predictive pathway profiles and lipids identified pathways involved in amino acids metabolism, carbohydrates degradation, aromatic compounds metabolism and fatty acid degradation metabolism are positively correlated with dihydro-/6-hydroxy/phyto-ceramides and negatively correlated with FFA, cholesterol sulfate and sphingosine. This study provides insights on the potential correlation between skin microbiome and lipids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Colgate-Palmolive Company, Global Technology Center, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | | | - Junhong Mao
- Colgate-Palmolive Company, Global Technology Center, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Jin Namkoong
- Colgate-Palmolive Company, Global Technology Center, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Jon Sanders
- Clarity Genomics, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Joanna Wu
- Colgate-Palmolive Company, Global Technology Center, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Beck C, Krusche J, Notaro A, Walter A, Kränkel L, Vollert A, Stemmler R, Wittmann J, Schaller M, Slavetinsky C, Mayer C, De Castro C, Peschel A. Wall teichoic acid substitution with glucose governs phage susceptibility of Staphylococcus epidermidis. mBio 2024; 15:e0199023. [PMID: 38470054 PMCID: PMC11005348 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01990-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The species- and clone-specific susceptibility of Staphylococcus cells for bacteriophages is governed by the structures and glycosylation patterns of wall teichoic acid (WTA) glycopolymers. The glycosylation-dependent phage-WTA interactions in the opportunistic pathogen Staphylococcus epidermidis and in other coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) have remained unknown. We report a new S. epidermidis WTA glycosyltransferase TagE whose deletion confers resistance to siphoviruses such as ΦE72 but enables binding of otherwise unbound podoviruses. S. epidermidis glycerolphosphate WTA was found to be modified with glucose in a tagE-dependent manner. TagE is encoded together with the enzymes PgcA and GtaB providing uridine diphosphate-activated glucose. ΦE72 transduced several other CoNS species encoding TagE homologs, suggesting that WTA glycosylation via TagE is a frequent trait among CoNS that permits interspecies horizontal gene transfer. Our study unravels a crucial mechanism of phage-Staphylococcus interaction and horizontal gene transfer, and it will help in the design of anti-staphylococcal phage therapies.IMPORTANCEPhages are highly specific for certain bacterial hosts, and some can transduce DNA even across species boundaries. How phages recognize cognate host cells remains incompletely understood. Phages infecting members of the genus Staphylococcus bind to wall teichoic acid (WTA) glycopolymers with highly variable structures and glycosylation patterns. How WTA is glycosylated in the opportunistic pathogen Staphylococcus epidermidis and in other coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) species has remained unknown. We describe that S. epidermidis glycosylates its WTA backbone with glucose, and we identify a cluster of three genes responsible for glucose activation and transfer to WTA. Their inactivation strongly alters phage susceptibility patterns, yielding resistance to siphoviruses but susceptibility to podoviruses. Many different CoNS species with related glycosylation genes can exchange DNA via siphovirus ΦE72, suggesting that glucose-modified WTA is crucial for interspecies horizontal gene transfer. Our finding will help to develop antibacterial phage therapies and unravel routes of genetic exchange.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Beck
- Cluster of Excellence “Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections (CMFI)”, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen, Infection Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Janes Krusche
- Cluster of Excellence “Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections (CMFI)”, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen, Infection Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anna Notaro
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Axel Walter
- Cluster of Excellence “Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections (CMFI)”, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen, Organismic Interactions/Glycobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lara Kränkel
- Cluster of Excellence “Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections (CMFI)”, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen, Infection Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anneli Vollert
- Electron-Microscopy, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Regine Stemmler
- Cluster of Excellence “Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections (CMFI)”, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen, Infection Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Johannes Wittmann
- Leibniz Institute, DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Martin Schaller
- Electron-Microscopy, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Slavetinsky
- Cluster of Excellence “Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections (CMFI)”, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen, Infection Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Pediatric Surgery and Urology, University Children's Hospital Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Mayer
- Cluster of Excellence “Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections (CMFI)”, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen, Organismic Interactions/Glycobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Peschel
- Cluster of Excellence “Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections (CMFI)”, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen, Infection Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Alsaadi SE, Lu H, Zhang M, Dykes GF, Allison HE, Horsburgh MJ. Bacteriophages from human skin infecting coagulase-negative Staphylococcus: diversity, novelty and host resistance. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8245. [PMID: 38589670 PMCID: PMC11001980 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59065-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The human skin microbiome comprises diverse populations that differ temporally between body sites and individuals. The virome is a less studied component of the skin microbiome and the study of bacteriophages is required to increase knowledge of the modulation and stability of bacterial communities. Staphylococcus species are among the most abundant colonisers of skin and are associated with both health and disease yet the bacteriophages infecting the most abundant species on skin are less well studied. Here, we report the isolation and genome sequencing of 40 bacteriophages from human skin swabs that infect coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) species, which extends our knowledge of phage diversity. Six genetic clusters of phages were identified with two clusters representing novel phages, one of which we characterise and name Alsa phage. We identified that Alsa phages have a greater ability to infect the species S. hominis that was otherwise infected less than other CoNS species by the isolated phages, indicating an undescribed barrier to phage infection that could be in part due to numerous restriction-modification systems. The extended diversity of Staphylococcus phages here enables further research to define their contribution to skin microbiome research and the mechanisms that limit phage infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samah E Alsaadi
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Hanshuo Lu
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Minxing Zhang
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Gregory F Dykes
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Heather E Allison
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Malcolm J Horsburgh
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Schipmann LC, Moeller V, Krimnitz J, Bannehr M, Kramer TS, Haase-Fielitz A, Butter C. Outcome and microbiological findings of patients with cardiac implantable electronic device infection. Heart Vessels 2024:10.1007/s00380-024-02380-y. [PMID: 38512486 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-024-02380-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Infections associated with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) are a multifactorial disease that leads to increased morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVE The aim was to analyze patient-, disease- and treatment-related characteristics including microbiological and bacterial spectrum according to survival status and to identify risk factors for 1- and 3-year mortality in patients with local and systemic CIED infection. METHODS In a retrospective cohort study, we analyzed data from patients with CIED-related local or systemic infection undergoing successful transvenous lead extraction (TLE). Survival status as well as incidence and cause of rehospitalization were recorded. Microbiology and antibiotics used as first-line therapy were compared according to mortality. Independent risk factors for 1- and 3-year mortality were determined. RESULTS Data from 243 Patients were analyzed. In-hospital mortality was 2.5%. Mortality rates at 30 days, 1- and 3 years were 4.1%, 18.1% and 30%, respectively. Seventy-four (30.5%) patients had systemic bacterial infection. Independent risk factors for 1-year mortality included age (OR 1.05 [1.01-1.10], p = 0.014), NT-proBNP at admission (OR 4.18 [1.81-9.65], p = 0.001), new onset or worsened tricuspid regurgitation after TLE (OR 6.04 [1.58-23.02], p = 0.009), and systemic infection (OR 2.76 [1.08-7.03], p = 0.034), whereas systemic infection was no longer an independent risk factor for 3-year mortality. Staphylococcus aureus was found in 18.1% of patients who survived and in 25% of those who died, p = 0.092. There was a high proportion of methicillin-resistant strains among coagulase-negative staphylococci (16.5%) compared to Staphylococcus aureus (1.2%). CONCLUSIONS Staphylococci are the most common causative germs of CIED-infection with coagulase-negative staphylococci showing higher resistance rates to antibiotics. The independent risk factors for increased long-term mortality could contribute to individual risk stratification and well-founded treatment decisions in clinical routine. Especially the role of tricuspid regurgitation as a complication after TLE should be investigated in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lara C Schipmann
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Health Sciences (FGW) Brandenburg, Heart Center Brandenburg Bernau, Brandenburg Medical School (MHB) Theodor Fontane, Ladeburger Straße 17, 16321, Bernau Bei Berlin, Germany.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology, Nephrology and Diabetology, Protestant Hospital of Bethel Foundation, University Hospital OWL, University of Bielefeld, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Viviane Moeller
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Health Sciences (FGW) Brandenburg, Heart Center Brandenburg Bernau, Brandenburg Medical School (MHB) Theodor Fontane, Ladeburger Straße 17, 16321, Bernau Bei Berlin, Germany
| | - Juliane Krimnitz
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Health Sciences (FGW) Brandenburg, Heart Center Brandenburg Bernau, Brandenburg Medical School (MHB) Theodor Fontane, Ladeburger Straße 17, 16321, Bernau Bei Berlin, Germany
| | - Marwin Bannehr
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Health Sciences (FGW) Brandenburg, Heart Center Brandenburg Bernau, Brandenburg Medical School (MHB) Theodor Fontane, Ladeburger Straße 17, 16321, Bernau Bei Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Siegfried Kramer
- LADR MVZ GmbH Neuruppin, Zur Mesche 20, 16816, Neuruppin, Germany
- LADR Zentrallabor Dr. Kramer & Kollegen, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Anja Haase-Fielitz
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Health Sciences (FGW) Brandenburg, Heart Center Brandenburg Bernau, Brandenburg Medical School (MHB) Theodor Fontane, Ladeburger Straße 17, 16321, Bernau Bei Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Social Medicine and Health System Research, Otto Von Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Christian Butter
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Health Sciences (FGW) Brandenburg, Heart Center Brandenburg Bernau, Brandenburg Medical School (MHB) Theodor Fontane, Ladeburger Straße 17, 16321, Bernau Bei Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Røken M, Iakhno S, Haaland AH, Bjelland AM, Wasteson Y. The Home Environment Is a Reservoir for Methicillin-Resistant Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci and Mammaliicocci. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:279. [PMID: 38534714 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13030279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) and mammaliicocci are opportunistic human and animal pathogens, often resistant to multiple antimicrobials, including methicillin. Methicillin-resistant CoNS (MRCoNS) have traditionally been linked to hospitals and healthcare facilities, where they are significant contributors to nosocomial infections. However, screenings of non-hospital environments have linked MRCoNS and methicillin-resistant mammaliicocci (MRM) to other ecological niches. The aim of this study was to explore the home environment as a reservoir for MRCoNS and MRM. A total of 33 households, including households with a dog with a methicillin-resistant staphylococcal infection, households with healthy dogs or cats and households without pets, were screened for MRCoNS and MRM by sampling one human, one pet (if present) and the environment. Samples were analyzed by a selective culture-based method, and bacterial species were identified by MALDI-TOF MS and tested for antibiotic susceptibility by the agar disk diffusion method. Following whole-genome sequencing, a large diversity of SCCmec elements and sequence types was revealed, which did not indicate any clonal dissemination of specific strains. Virulome and mobilome analyses indicated a high degree of species specificity. Altogether, this study documents that the home environment is a reservoir for a variety of MRCoNS and MRM regardless of the type of household.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mari Røken
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1433 Ås, Norway
- Institute of Microbiology, Norwegian Armed Forces Joint Medical Services, 2027 Kjeller, Norway
| | | | - Anita Haug Haaland
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1433 Ås, Norway
- Regulations and Control Department, Animal Health, 0304 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ane Mohn Bjelland
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1433 Ås, Norway
- Department of Bacteriology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0213 Oslo, Norway
| | - Yngvild Wasteson
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1433 Ås, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wheat W, Simiyu B, Andonie G, Bellfi L. Clinical Impact of Vancomycin MIC on Outcomes in Patients With Coagulase-negative Staphylococcal Bacteremia. Clin Ther 2024:S0149-2918(24)00021-3. [PMID: 38493003 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2024.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are Gram-positive organisms that are a known component of normal skin flora and the most common cause of nosocomial bacteremia. For CoNS species, the vancomycin MIC breakpoint for susceptibility set by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute is ≤4 µg/mL. There has been published reports of vancomycin heteroresistance in CoNS with vancomycin MICs of 2 to 4 µg/mL. The aim of this retrospective cohort analysis was to assess the clinical impact of vancomycin MICs <2 µg/mL versus ≥2 µg/mL in adult patients with CoNS bloodstream infections. METHODS Adult patients admitted to University Medical Center New Orleans with a blood culture positive for CoNS were assessed. The primary outcome was difference in 30-day mortality. Secondary outcomes were in-hospital, all-cause mortality; duration of bacteremia; hospital length of stay; and percentage of oxacillin-resistant CoNS. FINDINGS There was no difference in mortality in the vancomycin MIC <2 µg/mL group versus the vancomycin MIC ≥2 µg/mL group at 30 days (15.4% vs 17.4%; P = 1). In-hospital, all-cause mortality was also not different between groups (11.5% vs 13%; P = 1). Hospital length of stay between groups was 28.2 days versus 21 days (P = 0.692). Median duration of bacteremia was 1 day in both groups (P = 0.975), and median scheduled duration of antibiotic therapy was 14.9 days and 19.5 days (P = 0.385). The source and mode of acquisition of CoNS were similar between groups. Of all CoNS isolates, 58.7% (44 of 75) were oxacillin resistant. Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most common CoNS species at 66.7% (50 of 75). Of all isolates, 30.7% (23 of 75) had a vancomycin MIC ≥2 µg/mL, and 87% (20 of 23) of these were S. epidermidis. There was a higher percentage of S. epidermidis in the vancomycin MIC ≥2 µg/mL group than in the MIC <2 µg/mL group (87% vs 57.7%; P = 0.012). CoNS with a vancomycin MIC ≥2 µg/mL were also more likely to be oxacillin resistant (78.3% vs 50%; P = 0.005). IMPLICATIONS There was no difference in clinical outcomes in adult patients with a CoNS bloodstream infection with a vancomycin MIC <2 µg/mL versus ≥2 µg/mL. At present, vancomycin remains appropriate empiric therapy for CoNS bloodstream infection. Further research is needed to determine if there is a true clinical impact of a vancomycin MIC ≥2 µg/mL in CoNS infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wade Wheat
- University Medical Center New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Brenda Simiyu
- University Medical Center New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Gabriela Andonie
- University Medical Center New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; University of Louisiana Monroe College of Pharmacy, Monroe, Louisiana, USA.
| | - Lillian Bellfi
- University Medical Center New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Brauge T, Bourdonnais E, Trigueros S, Cresson P, Debuiche S, Granier SA, Midelet G. Antimicrobial resistance and geographical distribution of Staphylococcus sp. isolated from whiting (Merlangius merlangus) and seawater in the English Channel and the North sea. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 345:123434. [PMID: 38290653 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Staphylococcus is a significant food safety hazard. The marine environment serves as a source of food for humans and is subject to various human-induced discharges, which may contain Staphylococcus strains associated with antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The aim of this study was to assess the occurrence and geographical distribution of AMR Staphylococcus isolates in seawater and whiting (Merlangius merlangus) samples collected from the English Channel and the North Sea. We isolated and identified 238 Staphylococcus strains, including 12 coagulase-positive (CoPs) and 226 coagulase-negative (CoNs) strains. All CoPs isolates exhibited resistance to at least one of the 16 antibiotics tested. Among the CoNs strains, 52% demonstrated resistance to at least one antibiotic, and 7 isolates were classified as multi-drug resistant (MDR). In these MDR strains, we identified AMR genes that confirmed the resistance phenotype, as well as other AMR genes, such as quaternary ammonium resistance. One CoNS strain carried 9 AMR genes, including both antibiotic and biocide resistance genes. By mapping the AMR phenotypes, we demonstrated that rivers had a local influence, particularly near the English coast, on the occurrence of AMR Staphylococcus. The analysis of marine environmental parameters revealed that turbidity and phosphate concentration were implicated in the occurrence of AMR Staphylococcus. Our findings underscore the crucial role of wild whiting and seawater in the dissemination of AMR Staphylococcus within the marine environment, thereby posing a risk to human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Brauge
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, Laboratory for Food Safety, Bacteriology and Parasitology of Fishery and Aquaculture Products Unit, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France.
| | - Erwan Bourdonnais
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, Laboratory for Food Safety, Bacteriology and Parasitology of Fishery and Aquaculture Products Unit, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | - Sylvain Trigueros
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, Laboratory for Food Safety, Bacteriology and Parasitology of Fishery and Aquaculture Products Unit, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | - Pierre Cresson
- Ifremer, Channel/North Sea Fisheries Laboratory, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | - Sabine Debuiche
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, Laboratory for Food Safety, Bacteriology and Parasitology of Fishery and Aquaculture Products Unit, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | - Sophie A Granier
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, Fougères Laboratory, Fougères, France
| | - Graziella Midelet
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, Laboratory for Food Safety, Bacteriology and Parasitology of Fishery and Aquaculture Products Unit, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Jo J, Upadhyay T, Woods EC, Park KW, Pedowitz NJ, Jaworek-Korjakowska J, Wang S, Valdez TA, Fellner M, Bogyo M. Development of Oxadiazolone Activity-Based Probes Targeting FphE for Specific Detection of Staphylococcus aureus Infections. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:6880-6892. [PMID: 38411555 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a major human pathogen that is responsible for a wide range of systemic infections. Since its propensity to form biofilms in vivo poses formidable challenges for both detection and treatment, tools that can be used to specifically image S. aureus biofilms are highly valuable for clinical management. Here, we describe the development of oxadiazolone-based activity-based probes to target the S. aureus-specific serine hydrolase FphE. Because this enzyme lacks homologues in other bacteria, it is an ideal target for selective imaging of S. aureus infections. Using X-ray crystallography, direct cell labeling, and mouse models of infection, we demonstrate that oxadiazolone-based probes enable specific labeling of S. aureus bacteria through the direct covalent modification of the FphE active site serine. These results demonstrate the utility of the oxadizolone electrophile for activity-based probes and validate FphE as a target for the development of imaging contrast agents for the rapid detection of S. aureus infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeyun Jo
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Tulsi Upadhyay
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Emily C Woods
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Ki Wan Park
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery Divisions, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Nichole J Pedowitz
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | | | - Sijie Wang
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Tulio A Valdez
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery Divisions, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Matthias Fellner
- Biochemistry Department, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Matthew Bogyo
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Huang Y, Ge R, Qian J, Lu J, Qiao D, Chen R, Jiang H, Cui D, Zhang T, Wang N, He S, Wang M, Yan F. Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG Improves Periodontal Bone Repair via Gut-Blood Axis in Hyperlipidemia. J Dent Res 2024; 103:253-262. [PMID: 38197171 DOI: 10.1177/00220345231217402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Periodontal bone regeneration remains a clinical challenge, and hyperlipidemia can aggravate alveolar bone resorption. Probiotics have recently been reported to improve bone mass. We aimed to determine the role of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) in periodontal bone regeneration improvement within the context of periodontitis with hyperlipidemia. A Sprague Dawley rat model for periodontitis, hyperlipidemia, and periodontal fenestration defect was constructed (n = 36) and administered LGG gavage for 6 wk (the rats were subsequently sacrificed). Fecal microbiota from donor rats 3 wk after LGG gavage was transplanted into recipient rats to evaluate the role of LGG-modulated gut microbiota in periodontal bone regeneration. Regenerated bone mass was detected using micro-computerized tomography and hematoxylin and eosin stain. Gut microbiota was analyzed using 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. Serum metabolites were detected by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (6 wk after LGG gavage). The pro-osteogenic effects of screened serum metabolite were verified in vitro on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs). We found that the bone mineral density, bone volume (BV), trabecular bone volume fraction (BV/TV), and trabecular thickness of the regenerated periodontal bone increased after LGG gavage (P < 0.05) but had little effect on oral flora. After LGG gavage, Staphylococcus, Corynebacterium, and Collinsella in the gut of donors were significantly changed, and these differences were maintained in recipients, who also showed increased trabecular thickness of the regenerated periodontal bone (P < 0.05). These key genera were correlated with BV/TV and BV (P < 0.05). In addition, LGG gavage significantly regulated bone-related blood metabolites, of which selenomethionine promoted BMMSC osteogenesis. Notably, selenomethionine was associated with key gut genera (P < 0.05). Collectively, LGG improved periodontal bone regeneration in the context of periodontitis with hyperlipidemia by modulating gut microbiota and increasing pro-osteogenic metabolites in the blood. These results reveal new insights into the use of probiotics to promote periodontal bone regeneration via the gut-blood-bone axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Huang
- Department of Periodontology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Periodontology, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - R Ge
- School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - J Qian
- Department of Periodontology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - J Lu
- Department of Periodontology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - D Qiao
- Department of Periodontology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - R Chen
- Department of Periodontology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - H Jiang
- Department of Periodontology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Stomatology, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Medical Center of Soochow University, Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - D Cui
- Department of Periodontology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - T Zhang
- Department of Periodontology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - N Wang
- Department of Periodontology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - S He
- Department of Periodontology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - M Wang
- Department of Periodontology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - F Yan
- Department of Periodontology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Cuny C, Layer-Nicolaou F, Werner G, Witte W. A look at staphylococci from the one health perspective. Int J Med Microbiol 2024; 314:151604. [PMID: 38367509 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2024.151604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus and other staphylococcal species are resident and transient multihost colonizers as well as conditional pathogens. Especially S. aureus represents an excellent model bacterium for the "One Health" concept because of its dynamics at the human-animal interface and versatility with respect to host adaptation. The development of antimicrobial resistance plays another integral part. This overview will focus on studies at the human-animal interface with respect to livestock farming and to companion animals, as well as on staphylococci in wildlife. In this context transmissions of staphylococci and of antimicrobial resistance genes between animals and humans are of particular significance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Cuny
- Division of Nosocomial Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistances, Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, National Reference Centre for Staphylococci and Enterococci, Wernigerode Branch, 38855 Wernigerode, Germany.
| | - Franziska Layer-Nicolaou
- Division of Nosocomial Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistances, Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, National Reference Centre for Staphylococci and Enterococci, Wernigerode Branch, 38855 Wernigerode, Germany
| | - Guido Werner
- Division of Nosocomial Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistances, Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, National Reference Centre for Staphylococci and Enterococci, Wernigerode Branch, 38855 Wernigerode, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Bayer J, Becker J, Liu X, Gritsch L, Daiber E, Korn N, Oesterhelt F, Fraunholz M, Weber A, Wolz C. Differential survival of Staphylococcal species in macrophages. Mol Microbiol 2024; 121:470-480. [PMID: 37898563 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.15184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is considered an extracellular pathogen, yet the bacterium is able to survive within and escape from host cells. An agr/sae mutant of strain USA300 is unable to escape from macrophages but can replicate and survive within. We questioned whether such "non-toxic" S. aureus resembles the less pathogenic coagulase-negative Staphylococcal (CoNS) species like S. epidermidis, S. carnosus, S. lugdunensis, S. capitis, S. warneri, or S. pettenkoferi. We show that the CoNS are more efficiently killed in macrophage-like THP-1 cells or in human primary macrophages. Mutations in katA, copL, the regulatory system graRS, or sigB did not impact bacterial survival in THP-1 cells. Deletion of the superoxide dismutases impaired S. aureus survival in primary macrophages but not in THP-1 cells. However, expression of the S. aureus-specific sodM in S. epidermidis was not sufficient to protect this species from being killed. Thus, at least in those cells, better bacterial survival of S. aureus could not be linked to higher protection from ROS. However, "non-toxic" S. aureus was found to be insensitive to pH, whereas most CoNS were protected when phagosomal acidification was inhibited. Thus, species differences are at least partially linked to differences in sensitivity to acidification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janina Bayer
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence EXC 2124 "Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections", University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Janna Becker
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence EXC 2124 "Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections", University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Xiao Liu
- Cluster of Excellence EXC 2124 "Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections", University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Innate Immunity, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lisa Gritsch
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence EXC 2124 "Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections", University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ellen Daiber
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence EXC 2124 "Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections", University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Natalya Korn
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence EXC 2124 "Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections", University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Filipp Oesterhelt
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence EXC 2124 "Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections", University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Fraunholz
- Department of Microbiology, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Weber
- Cluster of Excellence EXC 2124 "Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections", University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Innate Immunity, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christiane Wolz
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence EXC 2124 "Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections", University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ibrahim BA, Damiri B, Allabadi H, Qadi M. Bacteriological profile and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of septicemia in neonatal intensive care units in Palestine: A retrospective study. IJID REGIONS 2024; 10:87-93. [PMID: 38179417 PMCID: PMC10764240 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2023.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to identify the prevalent pathogens that caused neonatal septicemia and their corresponding antimicrobial sensitivities in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in the West Bank. Methods In this retrospective study, we extracted records of neonates with suspected neonatal sepsis (NS) admitted to three NICUs in the West Bank between 2019 and 2021 from the Ministry of Health's electronic database. Results Out of 6090 suspected episodes of NS, 884 tested positive for blood cultures, and 554 were primary cases; 59.5% were male, 26.6% were preterm, and 52.7% were aged 0-7 days. Moreover, 29% of 884 positive cultures were contributed by multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO). Only 14.6% of episodes aligned with both Word Health Organization-recommended antibiotic regimens, 5.2% matched with one regimen, and 80.3% did not match either regimen. Specifically, 19.6% of cases matched with ampicillin-gentamicin, and 14.7% matched with ampicillin-cefotaxime. The likelihood of a match between early-onset sepsis and empiric antibiotic regimens was greater than late-onset sepsis (odds ratio = 2.549, [95% confidence interval: 1.276-5.092]). MDRO was more likely than non-MDRO to match with one antibiotic regimen (odds ratio = 4.142 [95% confidence interval: 1.913-8.966]). Conclusion There is an alarming prevalence of MDRO among Palestinian neonates in the NICU of the West Bank. The study highlights the urgent need for implementation of effective infection control measures and antimicrobial stewardship programs in the NICUs of hospitals in the West Bank to reduce the prevalence of MDRO and improve neonatal health outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bayan A. Ibrahim
- Program of Infectious Diseases Prevention and Control, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Graduate Studies, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ettihad Hospital, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Basma Damiri
- Division of Drugs and Toxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, State of Palestine
| | - Hala Allabadi
- Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Mohammad Qadi
- Division of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Patil G, Agarwala P, Das P, Pathak S. Rise in the Pathogenic Status of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci Causing Bloodstream Infection. Cureus 2024; 16:e57250. [PMID: 38686262 PMCID: PMC11056806 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.57250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are one of the frequently isolated bacteria from blood cultures. Since they are part of the normal skin flora, they were previously considered contaminants. But now, they can be considered as established pathogens causing bloodstream infection (BSI). This study aims to estimate the prevalence of CoNS in BSI cases. METHODS This study was conducted at the Microbiology Department, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Raipur, India, for eight months (January 2022 to August 2022). Data were collected retrospectively from medical and laboratory records. Paired blood cultures from 5085 clinically suspected sepsis cases were subjected to aerobic culture for five days in the BacT ALERT 3D system. Pathogenicity was established after recovery of CoNS from paired blood cultures of symptomatic patients. RESULTS CoNS were isolated from 2.35% of patients, the most common species being Staphylococcus haemolyticus (51.67%). About 90% of isolates were methicillin-resistant. All the isolates were susceptible to linezolid, teicoplanin, and vancomycin, except one isolate of S. haemolyticus which was intermediate to vancomycin. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) 50 and MIC 90 for vancomycin were 1 ug/ml and 2 ug/ml, respectively. Conclusion: Paired blood cultures are necessary to determine the pathogenicity of CoNS in BSI cases. A high prevalence of methicillin resistance, accompanied by high resistance rates to other non-beta lactam antibiotics, warrants the strict implementation of antimicrobial stewardship practices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Girish Patil
- Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Raipur, IND
| | - Pragya Agarwala
- Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Raipur, IND
| | - Padma Das
- Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Raipur, IND
| | - Swati Pathak
- Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Raipur, IND
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lee H, Cho H, Lim Y, Park S, Lee J. Safety, quality, and microbial community analysis of salt-fermented shrimp ( Saeu-jeot) in South Korea. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26006. [PMID: 38390104 PMCID: PMC10881329 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This study thoroughly explores the quality and safety aspects of saeu-jeot, a popular salt-fermented shrimp in South Korea, with a specific focus on products fermented in underground tunnels. In this study, an extensive analysis of key quality factors (pH, salinity, total nitrogen [TN], and amino nitrogen [AN]), along with detailed investigation into chemical hazards (volatile basic nitrogen [VBN] and biogenic amines [BAs]), and microbiological hazards (total aerobic bacteria [TAB], fecal indicator bacteria, halophilic bacteria, and foodborne pathogens) were performed. The results indicate that the shrimp grade did not dramatically affect the quality and safety of the saeu-jeot. However, given the prevalent small-scale production of saeu-jeot, the study strongly underscores the pressing need for the establishment of a standardized manufacturing process. The absence of grade-dependent variations in quality highlights the critical importance of implementing standardized procedures to ensure the consistent quality and safety of saeu-jeot, particularly in the context of its frequent small-scale production. These findings provide crucial insights for the industry to enhance practices and meet quality and safety standards effectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heeyoung Lee
- Food Standard Research Center, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjin Cho
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeongsil Lim
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunhyun Park
- Food Standard Research Center, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeeyeon Lee
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Golosova NN, Matveev AL, Tikunova NV, Khlusevich YA, Kozlova YN, Morozova VV, Babkin IV, Ushakova TA, Zhirakovskaya EV, Panina EA, Ryabchikova EI, Tikunov AY. Bacteriophage vB_SepP_134 and Endolysin LysSte_134_1 as Potential Staphylococcus-Biofilm-Removing Biological Agents. Viruses 2024; 16:385. [PMID: 38543751 PMCID: PMC10975630 DOI: 10.3390/v16030385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacteria of the genus Staphylococcus are significant challenge for medicine, as many species are resistant to multiple antibiotics and some are even to all of the antibiotics we use. One of the approaches to developing new therapeutics to treat staphylococcal infections is the use of bacteriophages specific to these bacteria or the lytic enzymes of such bacteriophages, which are capable of hydrolyzing the cell walls of these bacteria. In this study, a new bacteriophage vB_SepP_134 (St 134) specific to Staphylococcus epidermidis was described. This podophage, with a genome of 18,275 bp, belongs to the Andhravirus genus. St 134 was able to infect various strains of 12 of the 21 tested coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species and one clinical strain from the Staphylococcus aureus complex. The genes encoding endolysin (LysSte134_1) and tail tip lysin (LysSte134_2) were identified in the St 134 genome. Both enzymes were cloned and produced in Escherichia coli cells. The endolysin LysSte134_1 demonstrated catalytic activity against peptidoglycans isolated from S. aureus, S. epidermidis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, and Staphylococcus warneri. LysSte134_1 was active against S. aureus and S. epidermidis planktonic cells and destroyed the biofilms formed by clinical strains of S. aureus and S. epidermidis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Artem Y. Tikunov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (N.N.G.); (N.V.T.); (Y.A.K.); (Y.N.K.); (V.V.M.); (I.V.B.); (T.A.U.); (E.A.P.); (E.I.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Vidlund J, Gelalcha BD, Gillespie BE, Agga GE, Schneider L, Swanson SM, Frady KD, Kerro Dego O. Efficacy of novel staphylococcal surface associated protein vaccines against Staphylococcus aureus and non-aureus staphylococcal mastitis in dairy cows. Vaccine 2024; 42:1247-1258. [PMID: 38281900 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.01.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Mastitis is an inflammation of the mammary gland commonly caused by bacteria or fungi. Staphylococcus aureus is a major bacterium that causes mastitis in dairy cows. Non-aureus staphylococci are also increasingly reported, with Staphylococcus chromogenes being the most common species. Current staphylococcal mastitis control programs are not fully effective, and treatment with antibiotics is not sustainable. Non-antibiotic sustainable control tools, such as effective vaccines, are critically needed. We previously developed S. aureus surface-associated proteins (SASP) and S. chromogenes surface-associated proteins (SCSP) vaccines that conferred partial protective effects. We hypothesized that vaccination with SASP or SCSP would reduce the incidence of S. aureus mastitis throughout the lactation period. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of SASP and SCSP vaccines against S. aureus and non-aureus staphylococcal mastitis under natural exposure over 300 days of lactation. Pregnant Holstein dairy cows (n = 45) were enrolled and assigned to receive SASP (n = 15) or SCSP (n = 16) vaccines or unvaccinated control (n = 14). Cows were vaccinated with 1.2 mg of SASP or SCSP with Emulsigen-D adjuvant. Control cows were injected with phosphate-buffered saline with Emulsigen-D adjuvant. Three vaccine injections were given subcutaneously at 60, 40, and 20 days before the expected calving. Booster vaccinations were given at 120 and 240 days in milk. Cows were monitored for mastitis at quarter and cow levels, staphylococcal mastitis incidence, changes in serum and milk anti-SASP and anti-SCSP antibody titers, bacterial counts in milk, adverse reactions, milk yield and milk somatic cells count over 300 days of lactation. The SCSP vaccine conferred a significant reduction in the incidence of staphylococcal mastitis. Milk and serum anti-SASP and anti-SCSP antibody titers were increased in the vaccinated cows compared to unvaccinated control cows. Anti-SASP and anti-SCSP antibody titers decreased at about 120 days in milk, indicating the duration of immunity of about four months. In conclusion, the SASP and SCSP vaccines conferred partial protection from natural infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Vidlund
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; East Tennessee AgResearch and Education Center-Little River Animal and Environmental Unit, University of Tennessee, Walland, TN 37886, USA
| | - Benti D Gelalcha
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Barbara E Gillespie
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Getahun E Agga
- Food Animal Environmental Systems Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA
| | - Liesel Schneider
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Stephanie M Swanson
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Kinsley D Frady
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Oudessa Kerro Dego
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Amer MA, Darwish MM, Soliman NS, Amin HM. Resistome, mobilome, and virulome explored in clinical isolates derived from acne patients in Egypt: unveiling unique traits of an emerging coagulase-negative Staphylococcus pathogen. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1328390. [PMID: 38371297 PMCID: PMC10869526 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1328390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are a group of gram-positive staphylococcal species that naturally inhabit the healthy human skin and mucosa. The clinical impact of CoNS-associated infections has recently been regarded as a challenge for diagnosis and therapeutic options. CoNS-associated infections are primarily caused by bacterial resistance to antibiotics and biofilm formation. As antibiotics are still the most used treatment, this problem will likely persist in the future. The present study aimed to investigate the resistance and virulence of CoNS recovered from various acne lesions and explore their genetic basis. Skin swab samples were collected from participants with acne and healthy skin. All samples underwent conventional culture for the isolation of CoNS, MALDI-TOF confirmation, antibiotic susceptibility, and biofilm formation testing. A total of 85 CoNS isolates were recovered from the samples and preliminarily identified as Staphylococcus epidermidis. Isolates from the acne group (n = 60) showed the highest rates of resistance to penicillin (73%), cefoxitin (63%), clindamycin (53.3%), and erythromycin (48%), followed by levofloxacin (36.7%) and gentamycin (31.7%). The lowest rates of resistance were observed against tetracycline (28.3%), doxycycline (11.7%), and minocycline (8.3%). CoNS isolated from mild, moderate acne and healthy isolates did not show strong biofilm formation, whereas the isolates from the severe cases of the acne group showed strong biofilm formation (76.6%). Four extensively drug-resistant and strong biofilm-forming staphylococcal isolates recovered from patients with severe acne were selected for whole-genome sequencing (WGS), and their genomes were investigated using bioinformatics tools. Three of the sequenced genomes were identified as S. epidermidis; however, isolate 29AM was identified as Staphylococcus warneri, which is a newly emerging pathogen that is not commonly associated with acne and was not detected by MALDI-TOF. All the sequenced strains were multidrug-resistant and carried multiple resistance genes, including blaZ, mecA, tet(K), erm(C), lnuA, vgaA, dfrC, fusB, fosBx1, norA, and vanT, which were found to be located on plasmids and chromosomes. Virulence features were detected in all genomes in the presence of genes involved in adherence and biofilm formation (icaA, icaB, icaC, sdrG, sdrH, atl, ebh, and ebp). Only the S. warneri isolate 29AM contained immune evasion genes (capB, capC, acpXL, and manA), an anti-phagocytosis gene (cdsA), and other unique features. As a result of their potential pathogenicity and antibiotic resistance, CoNS must be monitored as an emerging pathogen associated with acne infections. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to isolate, identify, and correlate S. warneri with severe acne infections among Egyptian patients using WGS and bioinformatic analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mai A. Amer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, Giza, Egypt
| | - Manal M. Darwish
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, Giza, Egypt
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Noha S. Soliman
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba M. Amin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, Giza, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Yang L, Li H, Wu H, Liu S, He Z. Staphylococcus inoculation enhances the sensorial attributes of Chinese bacon by coordinating the composition of flavor compounds through amino acid metabolism. Food Res Int 2024; 178:113936. [PMID: 38309865 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.113936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to uncover the potential underlying mechanisms of the flavor modulation of Chinese bacon by Staphylococcus. To that end, taste-enhancing S. cohnii WX-M8 and S. saprophyticus MY-A10 screened from Chinese bacon were used to investigate the effects of their individual and mixed fermentations and their synergistic fermentation with Lactobacillus plantarum BL-1 on the sensorial attributes, physicochemical properties, microbial diversity, and volatile compounds (VOCs) of Chinese bacon. Our results revealed that S. cohnii WX-M8 and S. saprophyticus MY-A10 significantly increased a* (redness) and Aw and reduced thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) when fermented in a mixture. Moreover, they promoted the formation of esters, aldehydes (especially straight-chain aldehydes), and phenolic compounds through pathways related to amino acid metabolism, enhancing sensorial attributes. While synergistic fermentation with L. plantarum BL-1 resulted in an improved a* (redness) of Chinese bacon, and the increased microbial metabolism of the carbohydrate and lipid metabolic pathways, the increase in TBARS and the higher content of acidic volatiles, led to a change in the composition of the flavor substances. The advantage of co-fermentation of Staphylococci in sensory attributes can be attributed to their capability to metabolize amino acids and associates. These findings provide insights into the role of Staphylococcus as a starter in regulating bacon flavor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, No.2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Hongjun Li
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, No.2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Regional Food, No.2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, No.2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Han Wu
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, No.2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Shunyun Liu
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, No.2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhifei He
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, No.2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Regional Food, No.2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, No.2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing 400715, China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Kothe CI, Rasmussen JA, Mak SST, Gilbert MTP, Evans J. Exploring the microbial diversity of novel misos with metagenomics. Food Microbiol 2024; 117:104372. [PMID: 37919016 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2023.104372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Interest in fermented foods, especially plant-based ones, has increased considerably in the last decade. Miso-a Japanese paste traditionally fermented with soybeans, salt, and kōji (Aspergillus oryzae grown on grains or beans)-has gained attention among chefs for its rich flavour and versatility. Some chefs have even been experimenting with making novel misos with untraditional substrates to create new flavours. Such novel fermented foods also offer new scientific opportunities. To explore the microbial diversity of these new traditional foods, we sampled six misos made by the team at a leading restaurant called Noma in Copenhagen (Denmark), using yellow peas (including a nixtamalised treatment), lupin seeds, Swedish Vreta peas, grey peas, and Gotland lentils as substrates. All misos were made with the same recipe and fermented for 3 months at 28 °C. Samples were collected at the end of fermentation for subsequent shotgun metagenomic sequencing and a genome-resolved metagenomic analysis. The taxonomic profile of the samples revealed the presence of kōji mould (A. oryzae) and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens in all misos. Various species of the genera Latilactobacillus, Lactiplantibacillus, Pediococcus and Staphylococcus were also detected. The Metagenome-Assembled Genomes (MAGs) revealed genomic sequences belonging to 12 different species and functional analyses of these MAGs were performed. Notably, we detected the presence of Exiguobacterium-the first reported instance of the genus in miso-and Average Nucleotide Identity (ANI) analyses suggest a potentially new species. We hope these results will improve the scientific literature on misos and contribute to developing novel fermented plant-based foods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Isabel Kothe
- Sustainable Food Innovation Group, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark.
| | - Jacob Agerbo Rasmussen
- Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sarah S T Mak
- Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Thomas P Gilbert
- Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Joshua Evans
- Sustainable Food Innovation Group, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Zhang H, Tran K, Lindley R, Dotel R. Daptomycin plus ceftaroline salvage therapy for persistent Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteremia. Clin Case Rep 2024; 12:e8486. [PMID: 38380381 PMCID: PMC10876918 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.8486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Initial antibiotics for true Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteremia include vancomycin or linezolid, but if bacteremia persists, consideration should be made for salvage combination therapy regimes such as daptomycin with ceftaroline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hayden Zhang
- Department of Infectious DiseasesBlacktown HospitalSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Blacktown Mount Druitt Clinical SchoolWestern Sydney UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Kylie Tran
- Pharmacy DepartmentBlacktown HospitalSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Richard Lindley
- Department of GeriatricsBlacktown HospitalSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Westmead Applied Research CentreUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- The George Institute for Global HealthSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Ravindra Dotel
- Department of Infectious DiseasesBlacktown HospitalSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Romero LC, Silva LP, Teixeira NB, de Camargo KV, Del Masso Pereira MA, Corrente JE, Pereira VC, Ribeiro de Souza da Cunha MDL. Staphylococcus capitis Bloodstream Isolates: Investigation of Clonal Relationship, Resistance Profile, Virulence and Biofilm Formation. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:147. [PMID: 38391533 PMCID: PMC10885910 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13020147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus capitis has been recognized as a relevant opportunistic pathogen, particularly its persistence in neonatal ICUs around the world. Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological profile of clinical isolates of S. capitis and to characterize the factors involved in the persistence and pathogenesis of these strains isolated from blood cultures collected in a hospital in the interior of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. A total of 141 S. capitis strains were submitted to detection of the mecA gene and SCCmec typing by multiplex PCR. Genes involved in biofilm production and genes encoding enterotoxins and hemolysins were detected by conventional PCR. Biofilm formation was evaluated by the polystyrene plate adherence test and phenotypic resistance was investigated by the disk diffusion method. Finally, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was used to analyze the clonal relationship between isolates. The mecA gene was detected in 99 (70.2%) isolates, with this percentage reaching 100% in the neonatal ICU. SCCmec type III was the most prevalent type, detected in 31 (31.3%) isolates and co-occurrence of SCCmec was also observed. In vitro biofilm formation was detected in 46 (32.6%) isolates but was not correlated with the presence of the ica operon genes. Furthermore, biofilm production in ICU isolates was favored by hyperosmotic conditions, which are common in ICUs because of the frequent parenteral nutrition. Analysis of the clonal relationship between the isolates investigated in the present study confirms a homogeneous profile of S. capitis and the persistence of clones that are prevalent in the neonatal ICU and disseminated across the hospital. This study highlights the adaptation of isolates to specific hospital environments and their high clonality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Calixto Romero
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-691, Brazil
| | - Lucas Porangaba Silva
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-691, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Bibiana Teixeira
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-691, Brazil
| | - Karen Vilegas de Camargo
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-691, Brazil
| | | | - José Eduardo Corrente
- Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-900, Brazil
| | - Valéria Cataneli Pereira
- Microbiology Laboratory, Universidade do Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente 18618-970, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ahmed M, Khan N, Ayub M. Green construction practices and economic performance: The mediating role of social performance and environmental performance. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2024. [PMID: 38294077 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Currently, there is a surge in the adoption of green construction practices (GCP) to address and attempt to alleviate the adverse effects of construction activities on the natural environment. The current research surrounding sustainability in the industry has witnessed a notable surge in efforts, primarily driven by a growing consciousness of environmental concerns. In this context, it is worth noting that the focus of assessment schemes in developed countries has predominantly gravitated toward economic and environmental factors, with relatively less emphasis placed on social performance (SP). Many researchers have underscored this disparity, highlighting the need for a more comprehensive approach encompassing all three sustainability dimensions. Hence, the present research examines the effects of green construction practices on economic performance (ECP) while considering the mediating role of environmental performance (EP) and SP. The results showed no direct impact of GCP on ECP. However, the mediating role of SP and EP in the association between GCP and ECP was found to be statistically significant. The present study provides several implications. This study presents empirical evidence that implementing GCP yields several benefits for contractors, including cost reduction in waste management, legal expenses, and energy consumption. These cost savings effectively offset the initial investment required to implement GCP, enabling construction projects to attain ECP thresholds. This study provides a significant contribution to the expanding corpus of knowledge concerning green building site practices and construction management. It offers novel insights into the influence of a project's EP and SP on its economic feasibility. Furthermore, this research study has effectively showcased the positive impact of GCP on construction projects' environmental construction performance, particularly concerning environmental and social considerations. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;00:1-11. © 2024 SETAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mukhtar Ahmed
- Department of Management Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Attock Campus, Attock, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Noman Khan
- Department of Management Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Attock Campus, Attock, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ayub
- Department of Management Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Attock Campus, Attock, Punjab, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Marco-Fuertes A, Marin C, Gimeno-Cardona C, Artal-Muñoz V, Vega S, Montoro-Dasi L. Multidrug-Resistant Commensal and Infection-Causing Staphylococcus spp. Isolated from Companion Animals in the Valencia Region. Vet Sci 2024; 11:54. [PMID: 38393072 PMCID: PMC10891909 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11020054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and multidrug resistance (MDR) among microorganisms to commonly used antibiotics is a growing concern in both human and veterinary medicine. Companion animals play a significant role in the epidemiology of AMR, as their population is continuously increasing, posing a risk of disseminating AMR, particularly to strains of public health importance, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus strains. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of AMR and MDR in commensal and infection-causing Staphylococcus spp. in dogs and cats in Valencia region. For this purpose, 271 samples were taken from veterinary centers to assess antimicrobial susceptibility against 20 antibiotics, including some of the most important antibiotics for the treatment of Staphylococcus infections, including the five last resort antibiotics in this list. Of all the samples, 187 Staphylococcus spp. strains were recovered from asymptomatic and skin-diseased dogs and cats, of which S. pseudintermedius (≈60%) was more prevalent in dogs, while S. felis (≈50%) was more prevalent in cats. In the overall analysis of the isolates, AMR was observed for all antibiotics tested, including those crucial in human medicine. Furthermore, over 70% and 30% of the strains in dogs and cats, respectively, exhibited MDR. This study highlights the significance of monitoring the trends in AMR and MDR among companion animals. The potential contribution of these animals to the dissemination of AMR and its resistance genes to humans, other animals, and their shared environment underscores the necessity for adopting a One Health approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Marco-Fuertes
- Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Calle Santiago Ramón y Cajal 20, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain; (A.M.-F.); (C.M.)
| | - Clara Marin
- Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Calle Santiago Ramón y Cajal 20, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain; (A.M.-F.); (C.M.)
| | - Concepción Gimeno-Cardona
- Servicio de Microbiología, Consorcio Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Violeta Artal-Muñoz
- Servicio de Microbiología, Consorcio Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Santiago Vega
- Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Calle Santiago Ramón y Cajal 20, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain; (A.M.-F.); (C.M.)
| | - Laura Montoro-Dasi
- Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Calle Santiago Ramón y Cajal 20, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain; (A.M.-F.); (C.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Serjeant G, Mason K, Hambleton I, Serjeant B. Acute splenic sequestration in HbSS: observations from the Jamaican birth cohort. Arch Dis Child 2024; 109:100-105. [PMID: 37918896 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2023-326173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To document the prevalence, clinical features, haematology and outcome of acute splenic sequestration (ASS) in homozygous sickle cell disease (HbSS). STUDY DESIGN A cohort study from birth. SETTING The Medical Research Council Laboratories at the University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica. PATIENTS 311 cases of HbSS detected during the screening of 100 000 deliveries at the main government maternity hospital between 1973 and 1981. INTERVENTIONS Long-term follow-up and free patient care focusing on ASS. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Acute splenic sequestration. RESULTS There were 183 episodes of ASS in 105 patients representing 35% of the cohort. The median age for first event was 1.07 years. During ASS, median values for haemoglobin fell by 32 g/dL, reticulocytes increased by 8% and total nucleated cells increased by 10.5%. ASS recurred in 47 (45%) patients. Conservative therapy in 133 episodes of 85 patients was associated with five deaths and splenectomy in 20 patients with 50 episodes had no deaths. Symptoms were generally non-specific but acute chest syndrome occurred in 17, and blood cultures revealed coagulase negative staphylococci in 5. The ASS case fatality rate was 3.6% and may be higher if autopsy evidence of ASS is included. There was no seasonal pattern but higher levels of fetal haemoglobin predicted patients less prone to ASS and its later occurrence. CONCLUSIONS ASS remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality in HbSS in developing societies. ASS appears to be a non-specific response to many possible risk factors including coagulase negative staphylococci.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Graham Serjeant
- Sickle Cell Trust (Jamaica), The Sickle Cell Trust, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Karlene Mason
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Ian Hambleton
- Professor of Biostatistics, The University of the West Indies at Cave Hill, Bridgetown, Saint Michael, Barbados
| | - Beryl Serjeant
- Sickle Cell Trust (Jamaica), The Sickle Cell Trust, Kingston, Jamaica
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Sharafi T, Ghaemi EA, Rafiee M, Ardebili A. Combination antimicrobial therapy: in vitro synergistic effect of anti-staphylococcal drug oxacillin with antimicrobial peptide nisin against Staphylococcus epidermidis clinical isolates and Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2024; 23:7. [PMID: 38245727 PMCID: PMC10800071 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-024-00667-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The ability of Staphylococcus epidermidis and S. aureus to form strong biofilm on plastic devices makes them the major pathogens associated with device-related infections (DRIs). Biofilm-embedded bacteria are more resistant to antibiotics, making biofilm infections very difficult to effectively treat. Here, we evaluate the in vitro activities of anti-staphylococcal drug oxacillin and antimicrobial peptide nisin, alone and in combination, against methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis (MRSE) clinical isolates and the methicillin-resistant S. aureus ATCC 43,300. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum biofilm eradication concentrations (MBEC) of oxacillin and nisin were determined using the microbroth dilution method. The anti-biofilm activities of oxacillin and nisin, alone or in combination, were evaluated. In addition, the effects of antimicrobial agents on the expression of icaA gene were examined by quantitative real-time PCR. MIC values for oxacillin and nisin ranged 4-8 µg/mL and 64-128 µg/mL, respectively. Oxacillin and nisin reduced biofilm biomass in all bacteria in a dose-dependent manner and this inhibitory effect was enhanced with combinatorial treatment. MBEC ranges for oxacillin and nisin were 2048-8192 µg/mL and 2048-4096 µg/mL, respectively. The addition of nisin significantly decreased the oxacillin MBECs from 8- to 32-fold in all bacteria. At the 1× MIC and 1/2× MIC, both oxacillin and nisin decreased significantly the expression of icaA gene in comparison with untreated control. When two antimicrobial agents were combined at 1/2× MIC concentration, the expression of icaA were significantly lower than when were used alone. Nisin/conventional oxacillin combination showed considerable anti-biofilm effects, including inhibition of biofilm formation, eradication of mature biofilm, and down-regulation of biofilm-related genes, proposing its applications for treating or preventing staphylococcal biofilm-associated infections, including device-related infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toktam Sharafi
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Ezzat Allah Ghaemi
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Maryam Rafiee
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Abdollah Ardebili
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Tebano G, Zaghi I, Baldasso F, Calgarini C, Capozzi R, Salvadori C, Cricca M, Cristini F. Antibiotic Resistance to Molecules Commonly Prescribed for the Treatment of Antibiotic-Resistant Gram-Positive Pathogens: What Is Relevant for the Clinician? Pathogens 2024; 13:88. [PMID: 38276161 PMCID: PMC10819222 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13010088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance in Gram-positive pathogens is a relevant concern, particularly in the hospital setting. Several antibiotics are now available to treat these drug-resistant pathogens, such as daptomycin, dalbavancin, linezolid, tedizolid, ceftaroline, ceftobiprole, and fosfomycin. However, antibiotic resistance can also affect these newer molecules. Overall, this is not a frequent phenomenon, but it is a growing concern in some settings and can compromise the effectiveness of these molecules, leaving few therapeutic options. We reviewed the available evidence about the epidemiology of antibiotic resistance to these antibiotics and the main molecular mechanisms of resistance, particularly methicillin-resistant Sthaphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium, and penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. We discussed the interpretation of susceptibility tests when minimum inhibitory concentrations are not available. We focused on the risk of the emergence of resistance during treatment, particularly for daptomycin and fosfomycin, and we discussed the strategies that can be implemented to reduce this phenomenon, which can lead to clinical failure despite appropriate antibiotic treatment. The judicious use of antibiotics, epidemiological surveillance, and infection control measures is essential to preserving the efficacy of these drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gianpiero Tebano
- Infectious Diseases Unit, AUSL Romagna, Ravenna Hospital, 48121 Ravenna, Italy; (I.Z.); (C.C.); (C.S.)
| | - Irene Zaghi
- Infectious Diseases Unit, AUSL Romagna, Ravenna Hospital, 48121 Ravenna, Italy; (I.Z.); (C.C.); (C.S.)
- Unit of Microbiology, The Greater Romagna Area Hub Laboratory, 47522 Cesena, Italy;
| | - Francesco Baldasso
- Infectious Diseases Unit, AUSL Romagna, Forlì and Cesena Hospitals, 47121 Forlì and Cesena, Italy; (F.B.); (R.C.); (F.C.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Calgarini
- Infectious Diseases Unit, AUSL Romagna, Ravenna Hospital, 48121 Ravenna, Italy; (I.Z.); (C.C.); (C.S.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberta Capozzi
- Infectious Diseases Unit, AUSL Romagna, Forlì and Cesena Hospitals, 47121 Forlì and Cesena, Italy; (F.B.); (R.C.); (F.C.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Caterina Salvadori
- Infectious Diseases Unit, AUSL Romagna, Ravenna Hospital, 48121 Ravenna, Italy; (I.Z.); (C.C.); (C.S.)
| | - Monica Cricca
- Unit of Microbiology, The Greater Romagna Area Hub Laboratory, 47522 Cesena, Italy;
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Cristini
- Infectious Diseases Unit, AUSL Romagna, Forlì and Cesena Hospitals, 47121 Forlì and Cesena, Italy; (F.B.); (R.C.); (F.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Belizario JA, Bila NM, Vaso CO, Costa-Orlandi CB, Mendonça MB, Fusco-Almeida AM, Pires RH, Mendes-Giannini MJS. Exploring the Complexity of the Interaction between T. rubrum and S. aureus/ S. epidermidis in the Formation of Polymicrobial Biofilms. Microorganisms 2024; 12:191. [PMID: 38258017 PMCID: PMC10820507 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Dermatophytes associated with bacteria can lead to severe, difficult-to-treat infections and contribute to chronic infections. Trichophyton rubrum, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis can form biofilms influenced by nutrient availability. This study investigated biofilm formation by these species by utilizing diverse culture media and different time points. These biofilms were studied through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), biomass, metabolic activity, and colony-forming units (CFUs). The results revealed that mixed biofilms exhibited high biomass and metabolic activity when cultivated in the brain heart infusion (BHI) medium. Both bacterial species formed mature biofilms with T. rubrum within 72 h, irrespective of media. The timing of bacterial inoculation was pivotal in influencing biomass and metabolic activity. T. rubrum's development within mixed biofilms depended on bacterial addition timing, while pre-adhesion influenced fungal growth. Bacterial communities prevailed initially, while fungi dominated later in the mixed biofilms. CLSM revealed 363 μm thick T. rubrum biofilms with septate, well-developed hyphae; S. aureus (177 μm) and S. epidermidis (178 μm) biofilms showed primarily cocci. Mixed biofilms matched T. rubrum's thickness when associated with S. epidermidis (369 μm), with few hyphae initially. Understanding T. rubrum and Staphylococcal interactions in biofilms advances antimicrobial resistance and disease progression knowledge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenyffie A. Belizario
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (U.N.E.S.P.), São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil; (J.A.B.); (N.M.B.); (C.O.V.); (C.B.C.-O.); (M.B.M.); (A.M.F.-A.)
| | - Níura M. Bila
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (U.N.E.S.P.), São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil; (J.A.B.); (N.M.B.); (C.O.V.); (C.B.C.-O.); (M.B.M.); (A.M.F.-A.)
- Department of Para-Clinic, School of Veterinary, Eduardo Mondlane University (UEM), Maputo 257, Mozambique
| | - Carolina O. Vaso
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (U.N.E.S.P.), São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil; (J.A.B.); (N.M.B.); (C.O.V.); (C.B.C.-O.); (M.B.M.); (A.M.F.-A.)
| | - Caroline B. Costa-Orlandi
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (U.N.E.S.P.), São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil; (J.A.B.); (N.M.B.); (C.O.V.); (C.B.C.-O.); (M.B.M.); (A.M.F.-A.)
| | - Matheus B. Mendonça
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (U.N.E.S.P.), São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil; (J.A.B.); (N.M.B.); (C.O.V.); (C.B.C.-O.); (M.B.M.); (A.M.F.-A.)
| | - Ana M. Fusco-Almeida
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (U.N.E.S.P.), São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil; (J.A.B.); (N.M.B.); (C.O.V.); (C.B.C.-O.); (M.B.M.); (A.M.F.-A.)
| | - Regina H. Pires
- Postgraduate Program in Health Promotion, University of Franca, São Paulo 14404-600, Brazil;
| | - Maria José S. Mendes-Giannini
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (U.N.E.S.P.), São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil; (J.A.B.); (N.M.B.); (C.O.V.); (C.B.C.-O.); (M.B.M.); (A.M.F.-A.)
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Gustafsson L, Wikström C, Mueller RS, Bergvall K. Microbes on Clipper Blades after Use and Disinfection in Small Animal- and Equine Practice. Vet Sci 2024; 11:38. [PMID: 38250944 PMCID: PMC10819727 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Clipping hair on animals can produce microtraumas of the skin and the dislodgement of microorganisms to the clipper blade. This study evaluates if clipper blades in animal hospitals in Sweden are contaminated with bacteria and/or dermatophytes after disinfection. Eleven clipper blades from three veterinary referral hospitals, including one with a small animal department and an equine department, were sampled for bacteria and dermatophytes. All the hospitals had disinfection routines in accordance with the national recommendations for hygiene in veterinary medicine. The sampled clipper blades were supposed to be disinfected and they were considered to be ready for use by staff. Five sterilized clipper blades were used as controls. The results showed that 64-100% of the disinfected clipper blades, from all three hospitals, were contaminated with bacteria, whereas all the sterilized clipper blades were negative for bacterial growth (p < 0.05). One clipper blade from the equine department was contaminated with dermatophytes. The results indicate that the disinfection routines were not sufficient for removing bacteria from used clipper blades, and that sterilization would be a more reliable way to minimize the risk of contamination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Gustafsson
- Evidensia Södra Djursjukhuset, Månskärsvägen 13, 141 75 Huddinge, Sweden;
| | | | - Ralf S. Mueller
- Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Veterinärstrasse 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Kerstin Bergvall
- Evidensia Södra Djursjukhuset, Månskärsvägen 13, 141 75 Huddinge, Sweden;
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science Swedish, University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7070, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Grassia G, Bagnarino J, Siciliano M, Barbarini D, Corbella M, Cambieri P, Baldanti F, Monzillo V. Phenotypic and Genotypic Assays to Evaluate Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci Biofilm Production in Bloodstream Infections. Microorganisms 2024; 12:126. [PMID: 38257953 PMCID: PMC10818815 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are commensal on human body surfaces and, for years, they were not considered a cause of bloodstream infection and were often regarded as contamination. However, the involvement of CoNS in nosocomial infection is increasingly being recognized. The insertion of cannulas and intravascular catheters represents the primary source of CoNS entry into the bloodstream, causing bacteremia and sepsis. They owe their pathogenic role to their ability to produce biofilms on surfaces, such as medical devices. In this study, we evaluate the adhesive capacity of CoNS isolated from blood cultures by comparing a spectrophotometric phenotypic assay with genotypic analysis based on the evidence of the ica operon. We retrospectively reviewed the database of CoNS isolated from blood cultures from January to December 2021 that were considered responsible for 361 bloodstream infections. Eighty-nine CoNS were selected among these. Our data show that Staphylococcus epidermidis was the predominant species isolated, expressing greater adhesive capacities, especially those with the complete operon. Knowledge of the adhesive capabilities of a microorganism responsible for sepsis can be useful in implementing appropriate corrective and preventive measures, since conventional antibiotic therapy cannot effectively eradicate biofilms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Grassia
- Microbiology and Virology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (G.G.); (D.B.); (M.C.); (P.C.); (F.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Jessica Bagnarino
- Microbiology and Virology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (G.G.); (D.B.); (M.C.); (P.C.); (F.B.); (V.M.)
| | | | - Daniela Barbarini
- Microbiology and Virology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (G.G.); (D.B.); (M.C.); (P.C.); (F.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Marta Corbella
- Microbiology and Virology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (G.G.); (D.B.); (M.C.); (P.C.); (F.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Patrizia Cambieri
- Microbiology and Virology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (G.G.); (D.B.); (M.C.); (P.C.); (F.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Fausto Baldanti
- Microbiology and Virology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (G.G.); (D.B.); (M.C.); (P.C.); (F.B.); (V.M.)
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostics and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Vincenzina Monzillo
- Microbiology and Virology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (G.G.); (D.B.); (M.C.); (P.C.); (F.B.); (V.M.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Golosova NN, Khlusevich YA, Morozova VV, Matveev AL, Kozlova YN, Tikunov AY, Panina EA, Tikunova NV. Characterization of a Thermostable Endolysin of the Aeribacillus Phage AeriP45 as a Potential Staphylococcus Biofilm-Removing Agent. Viruses 2024; 16:93. [PMID: 38257793 PMCID: PMC10819204 DOI: 10.3390/v16010093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant Gram-positive bacteria, including bacteria from the genus Staphylococcus, are currently a challenge for medicine. Therefore, the development of new antimicrobials is required. Promising candidates for new antistaphylococcal drugs are phage endolysins, including endolysins from thermophilic phages against other Gram-positive bacteria. In this study, the recombinant endolysin LysAP45 from the thermophilic Aeribacillus phage AP45 was obtained and characterized. The recombinant endolysin LysAP45 was produced in Escherichia coli M15 cells. It was shown that LysAP45 is able to hydrolyze staphylococcal peptidoglycans from five species and eleven strains. Thermostability tests showed that LysAP45 retained its hydrolytic activity after incubation at 80 °C for at least 30 min. The enzymatically active domain of the recombinant endolysin LysAP45 completely disrupted biofilms formed by multidrug-resistant S. aureus, S. haemolyticus, and S. epidermidis. The results suggested that LysAP45 is a novel thermostable antimicrobial agent capable of destroying biofilms formed by various species of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus. An unusual putative cell-binding domain was found at the C-terminus of LysAP45. No domains with similar sequences were found among the described endolysins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nina V. Tikunova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (N.N.G.); (V.V.M.); (A.L.M.); (Y.N.K.); (A.Y.T.); (E.A.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Ichter Z, Khoury H, Voller L, Deb S, Morton J. Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Band Colonization May Indicate Re-classification of Surgical Wounds. Obes Surg 2024; 34:282-285. [PMID: 37946013 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-023-06790-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgical wounds are classified as either clean, clean-contaminated, contaminated, or dirty wounds. Historically laparoscopic adjustable gastric band (LAGB) removals have been classified as clean wounds since there is thought to be no existing infection and no transection of the gastrointestinal tract. Surgical site infection (SSI) remains a publicly reported source of morbidity after laparoscopic bariatric surgery and is considered a CMS hospital-acquired condition. We present a retrospective chart review to reveal the rate of bacterial colonization of gastric bands. METHODS This retrospective chart review included 15 patients who underwent removal of LAGB. The entire LAGB and port were removed and then sent for aerobic and anaerobic cultures. Patients were followed up to 1 month, and the incidence of surgical site infection development was recorded. RESULTS Of the fifteen LAGBs cultured, eight cases (53%) returned positive for bacterial growth. Five of the cultures (33%) were positive for coagulase-negative Staphylococcus. One culture was positive for micrococcus species (6.7%), one culture was positive for Bacteroides fragilis (6.7%) and another was positive for Propionibacterium (6.7%). None of the 15 patients followed in the study developed an SSI by the end of 1 month. CONCLUSIONS Given the consideration of LAGB removals as clean wounds, the incidence of LAGB colonization is high. Classification of the surgical wounds in LAGB removals should be changed from clean to contaminated. Further studies need to be pursued to determine the correlation between colonized LAGBs and the rate of SSIs. KEY POINTS • Gastric band removals are a common bariatric procedure. • Surgical site infection remains an outcome of interest to patient, surgeon and payor. • Fifty-three percent of recovered bands were positive for bacterial growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zach Ichter
- Lancaster General Hospital, Lancaster, PA, USA
| | - Habib Khoury
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Sayantan Deb
- Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Mass General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John Morton
- Yale School of Medicine, 330 Cedar Avenue, Brady Memorial Lab 229, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Verma A, Kumar S, Venkatesh V, Jain P, Kalyan R, Reddy H. Staphylococcus hemolyticus: The Most Common and Resistant Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcus Species Causing Bacteremia in North India. Cureus 2024; 16:e51680. [PMID: 38313906 PMCID: PMC10838378 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) species are normal skin commensals but may also cause bacteremia. Therefore, isolating a CoNS species on blood culture often leads to a diagnostic dilemma about whether to consider the isolate as a true pathogen or not. This study was done to understand the distribution of various CoNS species in bloodstream infections, determine their antibiotic resistance patterns, and identify possible risk factors and patient outcomes in hospital settings. MATERIALS AND METHODS Inpatients with confirmed bacteremia defined as isolation of the same CoNS species with similar antibiograms from paired blood culture bottles, which were obtained from patients with at least clinical evidence of infection, were included. The isolates obtained were studied for CoNS species distribution and antibiotic resistance patterns, and the corresponding patients were assessed for possible risk factors and outcomes. RESULTS A total of 170 CoNS isolates obtained from 85 patients were analyzed. Staphylococcus haemolyticus (S. haemolyticus)(90, 52.9%) was the most common species isolated, and it was also the most resistant of all, followed by S. hominis (50, 29.4%), S. epidermidis (26, 15.3%), S. lentus (2,1.2%), and S. succinus (2,1.2%). S. haemolyticus and S. hominis were significantly more isolated from patients aged 18-60 years and >60 years, respectively. Methicillin-resistant (MR)-CoNS (68.8%) were significantly more resistant than methicillin-sensitive (MS)-CoNS (31.2%) to certain antibiotics, and none were resistant to vancomycin, linezolid, or teicoplanin. Mortality occurred in 17.6% of patients, which was most commonly associated with S. haemolyticus infection. CONCLUSION Age-specific predisposition of CoNS species, high rates of methicillin resistance, and mortality in CoNS bacteremia are highlights of this study. To our knowledge, we are the first to study the age-related association of CoNS species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anuragani Verma
- Microbiology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, IND
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Microbiology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, IND
| | | | - Parul Jain
- Microbiology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, IND
| | - RajKumar Kalyan
- Microbiology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, IND
| | - Himanshu Reddy
- Internal Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, IND
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Díaz-Formoso L, Silva V, Contente D, Feito J, Hernández PE, Borrero J, Igrejas G, del Campo R, Muñoz-Atienza E, Poeta P, Cintas LM. Antibiotic Resistance Genes, Virulence Factors, and Biofilm Formation in Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcus spp. Isolates from European Hakes ( Merluccius merluccius, L.) Caught in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean. Pathogens 2023; 12:1447. [PMID: 38133330 PMCID: PMC10745931 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12121447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The indiscriminate use of antibiotics has contributed to the dissemination of multiresistant bacteria, which represents a public health concern. The aim of this work was to characterize 27 coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) isolated from eight wild Northeast Atlantic hakes (Merluccius merluccius, L.) and taxonomically identified as Staphylococcus epidermidis (n = 16), Staphylococcus saprophyticus (n = 4), Staphylococcus hominis (n = 3), Staphylococcus pasteuri (n = 2), Staphylococcus edaphicus (n = 1), and Staphylococcus capitis (n = 1). Biofilm formation was evaluated with a microtiter assay, antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the disk diffusion method, and antibiotic resistance and virulence determinants were detected by PCR. Our results showed that all staphylococci produced biofilms and that 92.6% of the isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic, mainly penicillin (88.8%), fusidic acid (40.7%), and erythromycin (37%). The penicillin resistance gene (blaZ) was detected in 66.6% (18) of the isolates, of which 10 also carried resistance genes to macrolides and lincosamides (mphC, msr(A/B), lnuA, or vgaA), 4 to fusidic acid (fusB), and 3 to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (dfrA). At least one virulence gene (scn, hla, SCCmecIII, and/or SCCmecV) was detected in 48% of the isolates. This study suggests that wild European hake destined for human consumption could act as a vector of CoNS carrying antibiotic resistance genes and/or virulence factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lara Díaz-Formoso
- Grupo de Seguridad y Calidad de los Alimentos por Bacterias Lácticas, Bacteriocinas y Probióticos (Grupo SEGABALBP), Sección Departamental de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos (Nutrición, Bromatología, Higiene y Seguridad Alimentaria), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.D.-F.); (D.C.); (P.E.H.); (J.B.); (L.M.C.)
| | - Vanessa Silva
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (V.S.); (P.P.)
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Diogo Contente
- Grupo de Seguridad y Calidad de los Alimentos por Bacterias Lácticas, Bacteriocinas y Probióticos (Grupo SEGABALBP), Sección Departamental de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos (Nutrición, Bromatología, Higiene y Seguridad Alimentaria), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.D.-F.); (D.C.); (P.E.H.); (J.B.); (L.M.C.)
| | - Javier Feito
- Grupo de Seguridad y Calidad de los Alimentos por Bacterias Lácticas, Bacteriocinas y Probióticos (Grupo SEGABALBP), Sección Departamental de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos (Nutrición, Bromatología, Higiene y Seguridad Alimentaria), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.D.-F.); (D.C.); (P.E.H.); (J.B.); (L.M.C.)
| | - Pablo E. Hernández
- Grupo de Seguridad y Calidad de los Alimentos por Bacterias Lácticas, Bacteriocinas y Probióticos (Grupo SEGABALBP), Sección Departamental de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos (Nutrición, Bromatología, Higiene y Seguridad Alimentaria), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.D.-F.); (D.C.); (P.E.H.); (J.B.); (L.M.C.)
| | - Juan Borrero
- Grupo de Seguridad y Calidad de los Alimentos por Bacterias Lácticas, Bacteriocinas y Probióticos (Grupo SEGABALBP), Sección Departamental de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos (Nutrición, Bromatología, Higiene y Seguridad Alimentaria), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.D.-F.); (D.C.); (P.E.H.); (J.B.); (L.M.C.)
| | - Gilberto Igrejas
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Rosa del Campo
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Estefanía Muñoz-Atienza
- Grupo de Seguridad y Calidad de los Alimentos por Bacterias Lácticas, Bacteriocinas y Probióticos (Grupo SEGABALBP), Sección Departamental de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos (Nutrición, Bromatología, Higiene y Seguridad Alimentaria), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.D.-F.); (D.C.); (P.E.H.); (J.B.); (L.M.C.)
| | - Patrícia Poeta
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (V.S.); (P.P.)
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- CECAV—Veterinary and Animal Research Centre, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Luis M. Cintas
- Grupo de Seguridad y Calidad de los Alimentos por Bacterias Lácticas, Bacteriocinas y Probióticos (Grupo SEGABALBP), Sección Departamental de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos (Nutrición, Bromatología, Higiene y Seguridad Alimentaria), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.D.-F.); (D.C.); (P.E.H.); (J.B.); (L.M.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Lyou ES, Kim MS, Kim SB, Park M, Kim KD, Jung WH, Lee TK. Single-cell phenotypes revealed as a key biomarker in bacterial-fungal interactions: a case study of Staphylococcus and Malassezia. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0043723. [PMID: 37909790 PMCID: PMC10714763 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00437-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Evaluating bacterial-fungal interactions is important for understanding ecological functions in a natural habitat. Many studies have defined bacterial-fungal interactions according to changes in growth rates when co-cultivated. However, the current literature lacks detailed studies on phenotypic changes in single cells associated with transcriptomic profiles to understand the bacterial-fungal interactions. In our study, we measured the single-cell phenotypes of bacteria co-cultivated with fungi using Raman spectroscopy with its transcriptomic profiles and determined the consequence of these interactions in detail. This rapid and reliable phenotyping approach has the potential to provide new insights regarding bacterial-fungal interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Sun Lyou
- Department of Environmental & Energy Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Min Sung Kim
- Department of Environmental & Energy Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea
- Bio-Chemical Analysis Group, Centre for Research Equipment, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Soo Bin Kim
- Department of Environmental & Energy Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea
| | - MinJi Park
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, South Korea
| | - Kyong-Dong Kim
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, South Korea
| | - Won Hee Jung
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, South Korea
| | - Tae Kwon Lee
- Department of Environmental & Energy Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Jo J, Upadhyay T, Woods EC, Park KW, Pedowitz NJ, Jaworek-Korjakowska J, Wang S, Valdez TA, Fellner M, Bogyo M. Development of Oxadiazolone Activity-Based Probes Targeting FphE for Specific Detection of S. aureus Infections. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.11.571116. [PMID: 38168396 PMCID: PMC10760020 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.11.571116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen responsible for a wide range of systemic infections. Since its propensity to form biofilms in vivo poses formidable challenges for both detection and treatment, tools that can be used to specifically image S. aureus biofilms are highly valuable for clinical management. Here we describe the development of oxadiazolonebased activity-based probes to target the S. aureus-specific serine hydrolase FphE. Because this enzyme lacks homologs in other bacteria, it is an ideal target for selective imaging of S. aureus infections. Using X-ray crystallography, direct cell labeling and mouse models of infection we demonstrate that oxadiazolone-based probes enable specific labeling of S. aureus bacteria through the direct covalent modification of the FphE active site serine. These results demonstrate the utility of the oxadizolone electrophile for activity-based probes (ABPs) and validate FphE as a target for development of imaging contrast agents for the rapid detection of S. aureus infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeyun Jo
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Tulsi Upadhyay
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Emily C. Woods
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ki Wan Park
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery Divisions, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Nichole J. Pedowitz
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Sijie Wang
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Tulio A. Valdez
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery Divisions, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Matthias Fellner
- Biochemistry Department, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Matthew Bogyo
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Wolden R, Ovchinnikov KV, Venter HJ, Oftedal TF, Diep DB, Cavanagh JP. The novel bacteriocin romsacin from Staphylococcus haemolyticus inhibits Gram-positive WHO priority pathogens. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0086923. [PMID: 37905822 PMCID: PMC10715183 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00869-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Bacteria produce bacteriocins to inhibit growth of other bacterial species. We have studied the antimicrobial activity of a new bacteriocin produced by the skin bacterium S. haemolyticus. The bacteriocin is effective against several types of Gram-positive bacteria, including highly virulent and antibiotic-resistant strains such as Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecium. Effective antimicrobials are important for the treatment of infections and the success of major surgery and chemotherapy. Bacteriocins can be part of the solution to the global concern of antimicrobial resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Runa Wolden
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Research Group for Child and Adolescent Health, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Kirill V. Ovchinnikov
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Hermoine J. Venter
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Research Group for Child and Adolescent Health, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Thomas F. Oftedal
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Dzung B. Diep
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Jorunn Pauline Cavanagh
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Research Group for Child and Adolescent Health, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Chiera S, Bosco F, Mollea C, Piscitello A, Sethi R, Nollo G, Caola I, Tessarolo F. Staphylococcus epidermidis is a safer surrogate of Staphylococcus aureus in testing bacterial filtration efficiency of face masks. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21807. [PMID: 38071253 PMCID: PMC10710463 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49005-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Face masks play a role in reducing the spread of airborne pathogens, providing that they have a good filtration performance, are correctly fitted and maintained. Bacterial Filtration Efficiency (BFE) is a key indicator for evaluating filtration performance according to both European and US standards, requiring the use of Staphylococcus aureus loaded aerosol. However, the generation and handling of a Biohazard group 2 bacterium aerosol require a careful management of the biological risk and pose limitations to the accessibility to this method. To mitigate these drawbacks, we investigated the use of S. epidermidis ATCC 12228, a Biohazard group 1 bacterium, as surrogate in BFE test. To this end, tests with the surrogate strain were performed to tune the method. Then, three face mask models, representative for both surgical and community masks, were tested according to the standard method and then using an aerosolized suspension of S. epidermidis. BFE% values were calculated for each mask model and tested microorganisms. Results showed that BFE test can be performed using the S. epidermidis instead of S. aureus, preserving results validity and turnaround time, but reducing residual risk for laboratory operators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Chiera
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Francesca Bosco
- DISAT-Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy.
| | - Chiara Mollea
- DISAT-Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Amelia Piscitello
- DIATI-Department of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Rajandrea Sethi
- DIATI-Department of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Giandomenico Nollo
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Iole Caola
- Microbiology and Virology Department, Azienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari di Trento, Trento, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|