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Yannick Ngaba MJ, Rennenberg H, Hu B. Insights Into the Efficiency and Health Impacts of Emerging Microplastic Bioremediation Approaches. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2025; 31:e70226. [PMID: 40365679 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.70226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2025] [Revised: 04/16/2025] [Accepted: 04/21/2025] [Indexed: 05/15/2025]
Abstract
The pollution caused by microplastics (MPs) is a global environmental and health concern. These plastic particles disrupt food chains and pose health risks to organisms, including humans. From a total of 827 studies, synthetic textiles (35%) and tires (28%) are the primary sources of MPs, with fibers being the most common shape (60%). MPs were detected in feces (44% of studies), lungs (35%), and blood (17%), indicating widespread contamination and potential health impacts. Bioremediation is a promising and sustainable method for mitigating MP pollution, as it uses microorganisms and plants to break down or convert MPs into less hazardous substances. However, it is important to understand and address the potential unintended consequences of bioremediation methods on the environment and human health. This scoping literature review examines the efficiency of currently emerging approaches for microplastic bioremediation, their strengths and weaknesses, and their potential impacts on the environment and human health. Highly effective methods such as mycoremediation, soil microbes for enhanced biodegradation, and phytoextraction were identified, but they pose high toxicity risks. Moderately effective methods include plant-assisted remediation, rhizosphere degradation, phytodegradation, and biodegradation, with effectiveness rates between 50% and 65% and moderate toxicity risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mbezele Junior Yannick Ngaba
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Higher Technical Teacher' Training College of Ebolowa, University of Ebolowa (HTTTC), Ebolowa, Cameroon
| | - Heinz Rennenberg
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Hu
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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2
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Zhao Z, Liu B, Zhang Z, Fan Y, Wang Y. Anti-Mold Activities of Cationic Oligomeric Surfactants. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2025; 41:2821-2833. [PMID: 39848698 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c04684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2025]
Abstract
Molds are persistent and harmful but receive far less research attention compared with pathogenic bacteria. With the increase in microbial resistance to single-chain surfactant antimicrobial agents, it is crucial to investigate how surfactant structures affect the antimicrobial activity of surfactants. Here, we have studied the antimold efficacy of a series of oligomeric cationic quaternary ammonium surfactants at varying oligomerization levels with or without dynamic covalent imine bonds. Four common molds are chosen as representatives: A. niger, T. viride, C. globosum, and P. funiculosum. The minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) results indicate that the dynamic covalent surfactants in solution display stronger antimold activity than the surfactants of the same oligomerization degree without imine bonds, and the antimold activity decreases as the oligomerization degree increases. The superior fungicidal efficacy of imine-based surfactants in solution is attributed to their longer hydrophobic chains and benzene rings, which enhance the interactions with mold membranes, causing perforation and membrane disruption. Nonetheless, the higher oligomerization degree reduces antimold effectiveness due to the formation of overly stable aggregates, which lower the concentration of free molecular monomers released from aggregates and may accumulate on mold spore membranes. However, on fabric surfaces, the surfactants with a higher oligomerization degree show stronger antimold performance. The multiple hydrophobic chains and cationic headgroups result in greater surfactant adsorption and stronger antimildew activity. Moreover, the reversibility of the imine-based surfactants plays a significant role in reducing the likelihood of resistance. This work is helpful to construct antimicrobial agents with broad-spectrum activity and a weak resistance potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface, and Chemical Thermodynamics, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Bin Liu
- Zhejiang Tsaihua Tech. Co., Ltd, Shaoxing 312080, P. R. China
| | - Ziqi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface, and Chemical Thermodynamics, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yaxun Fan
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
- Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, and School of Nano Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yilin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface, and Chemical Thermodynamics, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
- Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, and School of Nano Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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Hardeman A, Lindgren EC, Carlson JC. Mold Remediation in Homes After Flooding. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2025; 13:289-294. [PMID: 39710226 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2024.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2024] [Revised: 11/26/2024] [Accepted: 12/16/2024] [Indexed: 12/24/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Amber Hardeman
- Department of Allergy/Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | | | - John C Carlson
- Department of Allergy/Immunology, Ochsner Health System, and School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, La.
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Oh E, Shin H, Han S, Do SJ, Shin Y, Pi JH, Kim Y, Ko DH, Lee KH, Choi HJ. Enhanced biocidal efficacy of alcohol based disinfectants with salt additives. Sci Rep 2025; 15:3950. [PMID: 39890978 PMCID: PMC11785731 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-87811-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2025] [Indexed: 02/03/2025] Open
Abstract
Surfaces contaminated with pathogens pose a significant risk of disease transmission and infection. Alcohol-based disinfectants are widely utilized to decontaminate high-touch areas across various settings. However, their limited antimicrobial activity and the emergence of alcohol-tolerant strains necessitate the development of highly efficient disinfectant formulations. In this work we test the broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities of the salt-incorporated alcohol solution disinfectant against enveloped and non-enveloped viruses, spore-forming and non-spore-forming bacteria, and mold and yeast fungi. Specifically, the disinfection capability of the isopropanol (IPA) and ethanol (EtOH) solutions containing NaCl salts was evaluated by measuring (1) antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus), Gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli), and an alcohol-tolerant strain of E. coli; (2) sporicidal activity against Clostridioides difficile; (3) the antiviral activity against enveloped A/PR8/34 H1N1 influenza virus and non-enveloped adenovirus VR-5; and (4) the antifungal efficacy against Aspergillus niger and Cryptococcus neoformans from the time-dependent viability assays. Additionally, the biocidal activity of the disinfectant formulation was tested by spraying it on the biocontaminated surfaces, including plastics, stainless steel, and glass. Overall, the inclusion of salt in alcohol solutions significantly enhanced their disinfection activities, positioning these solutions as promising candidates for long-term disinfection and maintenance of hygienic environments. This method, which employs mild salt instead of toxic materials, offers a simpler, more cost-effective, and safer alternative to conventional alcohol-based disinfectants. This research is expected to significantly impact on disease prevention and contribute greatly to public health and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Euna Oh
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Hyerin Shin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sumin Han
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Soo Jee Do
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Younseo Shin
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Ji Hee Pi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjin Kim
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Dae-Hong Ko
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Hyoung Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jick Choi
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1H9, Canada.
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Hurraß J, Heinzow B, Walser-Reichenbach S, Aurbach U, Becker S, Bellmann R, Bergmann KC, Cornely OA, Engelhart S, Fischer G, Gabrio T, Herr CEW, Joest M, Karagiannidis C, Klimek L, Köberle M, Kolk A, Lichtnecker H, Lob-Corzilius T, Mülleneisen N, Nowak D, Rabe U, Raulf M, Steinmann J, Steiß JO, Stemler J, Umpfenbach U, Valtanen K, Werchan B, Willinger B, Wiesmüller GA. [Medical clinical diagnostics for indoor mould exposure - Update 2023 (AWMF Register No. 161/001)]. Pneumologie 2024; 78:693-784. [PMID: 39424320 DOI: 10.1055/a-2194-6914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2024]
Abstract
This article is an abridged version of the updated AWMF mould guideline "Medical clinical diagnostics in case of indoor mould exposure - Update 2023", presented in July 2023 by the German Society of Hygiene, Environmental Medicine and Preventive Medicine (Gesellschaft für Hygiene, Umweltmedizin und Präventivmedizin, GHUP), in collaboration with German and Austrian scientific medical societies, and experts. Indoor mould growth is a potential health risk, even if a quantitative and/or causal relationship between the occurrence of individual mould species and health problems has yet to be established. There is no evidence for a causal relationship between moisture/mould damage and human diseases, mainly because of the ubiquitous presence of fungi and hitherto inadequate diagnostic methods. Sufficient evidence for an association between moisture/mould damage and the following health effects has been established for: allergic respiratory diseases, allergic rhinitis, allergic rhino-conjunctivitis, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA), other allergic bronchopulmonary mycosis (ABPM), aspergilloma, Aspergillus bronchitis, asthma (manifestation, progression, exacerbation), bronchitis (acute, chronic), community-acquired Aspergillus pneumonia, hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP; extrinsic allergic alveolitis (EEA)), invasive Aspergillosis, mycoses, organic dust toxic syndrome (ODTS) [workplace exposure], promotion of respiratory infections, pulmonary aspergillosis (subacute, chronic), and rhinosinusitis (acute, chronically invasive, or granulomatous, allergic). In this context the sensitizing potential of moulds is obviously low compared to other environmental allergens. Recent studies show a comparatively low sensitization prevalence of 3-22,5 % in the general population across Europe. Limited or suspected evidence for an association exist with respect to atopic eczema (atopic dermatitis, neurodermatitis; manifestation), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), mood disorders, mucous membrane irritation (MMI), odor effects, and sarcoidosis. (iv) Inadequate or insufficient evidence for an association exist for acute idiopathic pulmonary hemorrhage in infants, airborne transmitted mycotoxicosis, arthritis, autoimmune diseases, cancer, chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), endocrinopathies, gastrointestinal effects, multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS), multiple sclerosis, neuropsychological effects, neurotoxic effects, renal effects, reproductive disorders, rheumatism, sick building syndrome (SBS), sudden infant death syndrome, teratogenicity, thyroid diseases, and urticaria.The risk of infection posed by moulds regularly occurring indoors is low for healthy persons; most species are in risk group 1 and a few in risk group 2 (Aspergillus fumigatus, A. flavus) of the German Biological Agents Act (Biostoffverordnung). Only moulds that are potentially able to form toxins can be triggers of toxic reactions. Whether or not toxin formation occurs in individual cases is determined by environmental and growth conditions, water activity, temperature and above all the growth substrates.In case of indoor moisture/mould damage, everyone can be affected by odor effects and/or mood disorders.However, this is not an acute health hazard. Predisposing factors for odor effects can include genetic and hormonal influences, imprinting, context and adaptation effects. Predisposing factors for mood disorders may include environmental concerns, anxiety, condition, and attribution, as well as various diseases. Risk groups to be protected particularly regarding infection risk are immunocompromised persons according to the classification of the German Commission for Hospital Hygiene and Infection Prevention (Kommission für Krankenhaushygiene und Infektionsprävention, KRINKO) at the Robert Koch-Institute (RKI), persons suffering from severe influenza, persons suffering from severe COVID-19, and persons with cystic fibrosis (mucoviscidosis); with regard to allergic risk, persons with cystic fibrosis (mucoviscidosis) and patients with bronchial asthma must be protected. The rational diagnostics include the medical history, physical examination, and conventional allergy diagnostics including provocation tests if necessary; sometimes cellular test systems are indicated. In the case of mould infections, the reader is referred to the specific guidelines. Regarding mycotoxins, there are currently no useful and validated test procedures for clinical diagnostics. From a preventive medical point of view, it is important that indoor mould infestation in relevant magnitudes cannot be tolerated for precautionary reasons.For evaluation of mould damage in the indoor environment and appropriate remedial procedures, the reader is referred to the mould guideline issued by the German Federal Environment Agency (Umweltbundesamt, UBA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Hurraß
- Sachgebiet Hygiene in Gesundheitseinrichtungen, Abteilung Infektions- und Umwelthygiene, Gesundheitsamt der Stadt Köln
| | - Birger Heinzow
- Ehemals: Landesamt für soziale Dienste (LAsD) Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel
| | | | - Ute Aurbach
- Labor Dr. Wisplinghoff
- ZfMK - Zentrum für Umwelt, Hygiene und Mykologie, Köln
| | - Sven Becker
- Universitätsklinik für Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen
| | - Romuald Bellmann
- Universitätsklinik für Innere Medizin I, Medizinische Universität Innsbruck
| | | | - Oliver A Cornely
- Translational Research, CECAD Cluster of Excellence, Universität zu Köln
| | | | - Guido Fischer
- Landesgesundheitsamt Baden-Württemberg im Regierungspräsidium Stuttgart
| | - Thomas Gabrio
- Ehemals: Landesgesundheitsamt Baden-Württemberg im Regierungspräsidium Stuttgart
| | - Caroline E W Herr
- Bayerisches Landesamt für Gesundheit und Lebensmittelsicherheit München
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, apl. Prof. "Hygiene und Umweltmedizin"
| | - Marcus Joest
- Allergologisch-immunologisches Labor, Helios Lungen- und Allergiezentrum Bonn
| | - Christian Karagiannidis
- Fakultät für Gesundheit, Professur für Extrakorporale Lungenersatzverfahren, Universität Witten/Herdecke
- Lungenklinik Köln Merheim, Kliniken der Stadt Köln
| | | | - Martin Köberle
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie am Biederstein, Technische Universität München
| | - Annette Kolk
- Institut für Arbeitsschutz der DGUV (IFA), Bereich Biostoffe, Sankt Augustin
| | | | | | | | - Dennis Nowak
- Institut und Poliklinik für Arbeits-, Sozial- und Umweltmedizin, Mitglied Deutsches Zentrum für Lungenforschung, Klinikum der Universität München
| | - Uta Rabe
- Zentrum für Allergologie und Asthma, Johanniter-Krankenhaus Treuenbrietzen
| | - Monika Raulf
- Institut für Prävention und Arbeitsmedizin der Deutschen Gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung, Institut der Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA)
| | - Jörg Steinmann
- Institut für Klinikhygiene, Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Klinische Infektiologie, Paracelsus Medizinische Privatuniversität Klinikum Nürnberg
| | - Jens-Oliver Steiß
- Zentrum für Kinderheilkunde und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg GmbH, Gießen
- Schwerpunktpraxis Allergologie und Kinder-Pneumologie Fulda
| | - Jannik Stemler
- Translational Research, CECAD Cluster of Excellence, Universität zu Köln
| | - Ulli Umpfenbach
- Arzt für Kinderheilkunde und Jugendmedizin, Kinderpneumologie, Umweltmedizin, klassische Homöopathie, Asthmatrainer, Neurodermitistrainer, Viersen
| | | | | | - Birgit Willinger
- Klinisches Institut für Labormedizin, Klinische Abteilung für Klinische Mikrobiologie - MedUni Wien
| | - Gerhard A Wiesmüller
- Labor Dr. Wisplinghoff
- ZfMK - Zentrum für Umwelt, Hygiene und Mykologie, Köln
- Institut für Arbeits-, Sozial- und Umweltmedizin, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen
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6
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Hurraß J, Heinzow B, Walser-Reichenbach S, Aurbach U, Becker S, Bellmann R, Bergmann KC, Cornely OA, Engelhart S, Fischer G, Gabrio T, Herr CE, Joest M, Karagiannidis C, Klimek L, Köberle M, Kolk A, Lichtnecker H, Lob-Corzilius T, Mülleneisen N, Nowak D, Rabe U, Raulf M, Steinmann J, Steiß JO, Stemler J, Umpfenbach U, Valtanen K, Werchan B, Willinger B, Wiesmüller GA. AWMF mold guideline "Medical clinical diagnostics for indoor mold exposure" - Update 2023 AWMF Register No. 161/001. Allergol Select 2024; 8:90-198. [PMID: 38756207 PMCID: PMC11097193 DOI: 10.5414/alx02444e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Hurraß
- Section for Hygiene in Healthcare Facilities, Division of Infection Control and Environmental Hygiene, Cologne Health Department, Cologne
- Co-author
- Member of a scientific medical society, a society or a medical association with voting rights
| | - Birger Heinzow
- Formerly: State Agency for Social Services (LAsD) Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel
- Co-author
| | - Sandra Walser-Reichenbach
- Formerly: State Agency for Social Services (LAsD) Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel
- Co-author
- Member of a scientific medical society, a society or a medical association with voting rights
| | - Ute Aurbach
- Laboratory Dr. Wisplinghoff
- ZfMK – Center for Environment, Hygiene and Mycology Cologne, Cologne
- Co-author
| | - Sven Becker
- Department for Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Co-author
| | - Romuald Bellmann
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Co-author
| | - Karl-Christian Bergmann
- Institute of Allergology Charité, Charité – University Medicine Berlin, Berlin
- Co-author
- Member of a scientific medical society, a society or a medical association with voting rights
| | - Oliver A. Cornely
- Institute for Translational Research, CECAD Cluster of Excellence, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany and Department I for Internal Medicine, Cologne University Hospital, Cologne
- Co-author
| | - Steffen Engelhart
- Institute for Hygiene and Public Health, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn
- Co-author
- Member of a scientific medical society, a society or a medical association with voting rights
| | - Guido Fischer
- Baden-Württemberg State Health Office in the Stuttgart Regional Council, Stuttgart
- Co-author
| | - Thomas Gabrio
- Formerly: Baden-Württemberg State Health Office in the Stuttgart Regional Council, Stuttgart
- Co-author
| | - Caroline E.W. Herr
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Munich
- Environmental Health and Prevention, Institute and Polyclinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University of Munich Hospital Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich
- Co-author
- Member of a scientific medical society, a society or a medical association with voting rights
| | - Marcus Joest
- Allergological-Immunological Laboratory, Helios Lung and Allergy Center Bonn, Bonn
- Co-author
| | - Christian Karagiannidis
- Faculty of Health, Professorship for Extracorporeal Lung Replacement Procedures, University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten/Herdecke
- Lung Clinic Cologne Merheim, Clinics of the City of Cologne, Cologne
- Co-author
| | - Ludger Klimek
- Center for Rhinology and Allergology, Wiesbaden
- Co-author
- Member of a scientific medical society, a society or a medical association with voting rights
| | - Martin Köberle
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Biederstein, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich
- Co-author
- Member of a scientific medical society, a society or a medical association with voting rights
| | - Annette Kolk
- Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (IFA) of the German Social Accident Insurance (DGUV), Unit Biological Agents, Sankt Augustin
- Co-author
| | - Herbert Lichtnecker
- Medical Institute for Environmental and Occupational Medicine MIU GmbH Erkrath, Erkrath
- Co-author
| | - Thomas Lob-Corzilius
- Scientific working group of environmental medicine of the German Society of Pediatric Allergology (GPAU)
- Co-author
- Member of a scientific medical society, a society or a medical association with voting rights
| | - Norbert Mülleneisen
- Asthma and Allergy Center Leverkusen, Leverkusen
- Co-author
- Member of a scientific medical society, a society or a medical association with voting rights
| | - Dennis Nowak
- Institute and Polyclinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, member of the German Center for Lung Research, Hospital of the University of Munich, Munich
- Co-author
- Member of a scientific medical society, a society or a medical association with voting rights
| | - Uta Rabe
- Center for Allergology and Asthma, Johanniter Hospital Treuenbrietzen, Treuenbrietzen
- Co-author
- Member of a scientific medical society, a society or a medical association with voting rights
| | - Monika Raulf
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Statutory Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), Bochum
- Co-author
- Member of a scientific medical society, a society or a medical association with voting rights
| | - Jörg Steinmann
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg GmbH, Giessen
- Co-author
| | - Jens-Oliver Steiß
- Specialized Practice in Allergology and Pediatric Pulmonology in Fulda, Fulda
- Institute for Clinical Hygiene, Medical Microbiology and Clinical Infectiology, Paracelsus Private Medical University Nuremberg Clinic, Nuremberg
- Co-author
- Member of a scientific medical society, a society or a medical association with voting rights
| | - Jannik Stemler
- Institute for Translational Research, CECAD Cluster of Excellence, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany and Department I for Internal Medicine, Cologne University Hospital, Cologne
- Co-author
| | - Ulli Umpfenbach
- Doctor for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Pediatric Pulmonology, Environmental Medicine, Classical Homeopathy, Asthma Trainer, Neurodermatitis Trainer, Viersen
- Co-author
| | - Kerttu Valtanen
- FG II 1.4 Microbiological Risks, German Environment Agency, Berlin
- Co-author
| | - Barbora Werchan
- German Pollen Information Service Foundation (PID), Berlin, Germany
- Co-author
| | - Birgit Willinger
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Microbiology – Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria, and
- Co-author
- Member of a scientific medical society, a society or a medical association with voting rights
| | - Gerhard A. Wiesmüller
- Laboratory Dr. Wisplinghoff
- ZfMK – Center for Environment, Hygiene and Mycology Cologne, Cologne
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Uniclinic RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- Co-author
- Member of a scientific medical society, a society or a medical association with voting rights
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7
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Yang J, Li W, Li H, Wang X, Xu K, Li Q, Zheng T, Li J. Highly Sensitive Microarray Immunoassay for Multiple Mycotoxins on Engineered 3D Porous Silicon SERS Substrate with Silver Nanoparticle Magnetron Sputtering. Anal Chem 2024; 96:2425-2434. [PMID: 38291775 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
A high-throughput, rapid, and highly sensitive surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) microarray for screening multiple mycotoxins has been developed on a three-dimensional silver nanoparticle porous silicon (3D AgNP-Psi) SERS substrate, which was easy to be engineered by electrochemical etching and magnetron sputtering technology. The etching current density, etching waveform, and target material for magnetron sputtering have been investigated to obtain an optimal 3D SERS substrate. The optimized 3D AgNP-Psi SERS substrate showed an enhancement factor of 2.3 × 107 at 400 mA/cm2 constant current density etching for 20 s and Ag target magnetron sputtering for 200 nm thickness on the surface of Psi. The simulation electric field distribution showed the near-field enhancement can reach 3× higher than that of AuNPs. A protein microarray has been designed to screen multiple mycotoxins by AuNP Raman tags and a competitive immunoassay protocol on the surface of the 3D SERS substrate. The SERS protein microarray displayed wide linear detection ranges of 0.001-100 ng/mL for ochratoxin A, 0.01-100 ng/mL for aflatoxin B1, 0.001-10 ng/mL for deoxynivalenol, along with pg/mL low limit of detection, good recovery rates, repeatability, and reproducibility. The 3D SERS protein microarray is easily engineered and has a great potential application in medicine, environment, and food industry fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Wei Li
- Medical Imaging Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Hao Li
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Xiu Wang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Kaisong Xu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Qianjin Li
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Tiesong Zheng
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Jianlin Li
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
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8
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Ahmed AM, Ibrahim AM, Yahia R, Shady NH, Mahmoud BK, Abdelmohsen UR, Fouad MA. Evaluation of the anti-infective potential of the seed endophytic fungi of Corchorus olitorius through metabolomics and molecular docking approach. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:355. [PMID: 37980505 PMCID: PMC10656998 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03092-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endophytic fungi are very rich sources of natural antibacterial and antifungal compounds. The main aim of this study is to isolate the fungal endophytes from the medicinal plant Corchorus olitorius seeds (F. Malvaceae), followed by antimicrobial screening against various bacterial and fungal strains. RESULTS Seven endophytic fungal strains belonging to different three genera were isolated, including Penicillium, Fusarium, and Aspergillus. The seven isolated endophytic strains revealed selective noticeable activity against Escherichia coli (ATCC25922) with varied IC50s ranging from 1.19 to 10 µg /mL, in which Aspergillus sp. (Ar 6) exhibited the strongest potency against E. coli (ATCC 25,922) and candida albicans (ATCC 10,231) with IC50s 1.19 and 15 µg /mL, respectively. Therefore, the chemical profiling of Aspergillus sp. (Ar 6) crude extract was performed using LC-HR-ESI-MS and led to the dereplication of sixteen compounds of various classes (1-16). In-silico analysis of the dereplicated metabolites led to highlighting the compounds responsible for the antimicrobial activity of Aspergillus sp. extract. Moreover, molecular docking showed the potential targets of the metabolites; Astellatol (5), Aspergillipeptide A (10), and Emericellamide C (14) against E. coli and C. albicans. CONCLUSION These results will expand the knowledge of endophytes and provide us with new approaches to face the global antibiotic resistance problem and the future production of undiscovered compounds different from the antibiotics classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arwa Mortada Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Daraya University, New Minia City, 61111, Egypt
| | - Ayman M Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Daraya University, New Minia, 61111, Egypt
| | - Ramadan Yahia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Daraya University, New Minia City, Minia, Egypt
| | - Nourhan Hisham Shady
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Daraya University, New Minia City, 61111, Egypt
| | - Basma Khalaf Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt
| | - Usama Ramadan Abdelmohsen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Daraya University, New Minia City, 61111, Egypt.
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt.
| | - Mostafa A Fouad
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt
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9
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Balfour-Lynn IM. Haemoptysis: is it really from the lungs? The well child who spits out blood. Arch Dis Child 2023; 108:879-883. [PMID: 36990647 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2022-324276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Blood appearing in a previously well child's mouth may have many sources, and it should not be assumed to be haemoptysis, that is, coming from the respiratory tract below the larynx. In addition to the lungs and lower airways, consider also the upper airways, the mouth, gastrointestinal tract and cardiovascular conditions. This article discusses the differential diagnosis and appropriate investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian M Balfour-Lynn
- Department of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
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10
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Agossou M, Inamo J, Ahouansou N, Dufeal M, Provost M, Badaran E, Zouzou A, Awanou B, Dramé M, Desbois-Nogard N. Frequency and Distribution of Broncho-Alveolar Fungi in Lung Diseases in Martinique. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5480. [PMID: 37685550 PMCID: PMC10488106 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12175480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbiota refers to all the microorganisms living in and on the human body; its fungal component is known as the mycobiota. The molecular component (mycobiome) has been linked to certain pulmonary diseases. Morphological fungal examination is still common practice and makes it possible to isolate fungi on direct examination or after sample culture. This study aimed to identify fungi via the genus colonising the respiratory tract in our environment and to evaluate the relationship between identified fungi and underlying diseases. We performed a retrospective study of patients who underwent bronchofiberoscopy and mycological analysis of fluid collected by broncho-alveolar lavage at our centre over a period of 5 years. During the study period, 1588 samples from 1547 patients were analysed (50.7% male, mean age 63.7 ± 14.8 years). Among the 1588 samples, 213 (13.4%) were positive on direct examination, and 1282 (80.8%) were positive after culture. The average number of species detected per sample was 1.4 ± 1.1. For patients with positive fungus, the median was two (ranging from one to seven). At least three fungal species were isolated in 14.4% of samples (17.9% of positive cultures), and at least two were isolated in 41.2% of samples (51.1% of positive cultures). Sterile mycelium was observed in 671 samples (42.28%), while Candida was identified in 607 samples (38.25%), and Geotrichum was identified in 271 samples (17.08%). Moulds were more frequently associated with bronchiectasis, while yeasts were associated with infectious pneumonia. Both moulds and yeasts were less frequent in diffuse interstitial lung disease, and yeast was less frequently present in chronic cough. Although overall, sterile mycelium and Candida were most frequently observed regardless of the underlying disease, there was nonetheless significant variability in the fungal genera between diseases. Fungal spores are highly prevalent in respiratory samples in Martinique. The species present in the samples varied according to the underlying respiratory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moustapha Agossou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, CHU of Martinique, 97261 Fort-de-France, France; (N.A.); (M.D.); (M.P.); (E.B.); (A.Z.); (B.A.)
| | - Jocelyn Inamo
- Department of Cardiology, CHU of Martinique, 97261 Fort-de-France, France;
| | - Nelly Ahouansou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, CHU of Martinique, 97261 Fort-de-France, France; (N.A.); (M.D.); (M.P.); (E.B.); (A.Z.); (B.A.)
| | - Marion Dufeal
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, CHU of Martinique, 97261 Fort-de-France, France; (N.A.); (M.D.); (M.P.); (E.B.); (A.Z.); (B.A.)
| | - Mathilde Provost
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, CHU of Martinique, 97261 Fort-de-France, France; (N.A.); (M.D.); (M.P.); (E.B.); (A.Z.); (B.A.)
| | - Elena Badaran
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, CHU of Martinique, 97261 Fort-de-France, France; (N.A.); (M.D.); (M.P.); (E.B.); (A.Z.); (B.A.)
| | - Adel Zouzou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, CHU of Martinique, 97261 Fort-de-France, France; (N.A.); (M.D.); (M.P.); (E.B.); (A.Z.); (B.A.)
| | - Bérénice Awanou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, CHU of Martinique, 97261 Fort-de-France, France; (N.A.); (M.D.); (M.P.); (E.B.); (A.Z.); (B.A.)
| | - Moustapha Dramé
- Department of Clinical Research and Innovation, CHU of Martinique, 97261 Fort-de-France, France;
- EpiCliV Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of the French West Indies, 97261 Fort-de-France, France
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11
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El Jaddaoui I, Rangel DEN, Bennett JW. Fungal volatiles have physiological properties. Fungal Biol 2023; 127:1231-1240. [PMID: 37495313 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
All fungi emit mixtures of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during growth. The qualitative and quantitative composition of these volatile mixtures vary with the species of fungus, the age of the fungus, and the environmental parameters attending growth. In nature, fungal VOCs are found as combinations of alcohols, aldehydes, acids, ethers, esters, ketones, terpenes, thiols and their derivatives, and are responsible for the characteristic odors associated with molds, mushrooms and yeasts. One of the single most common fungal volatiles is 1-octen-3-ol also known as "mushroom alcohol" or "matsutake alcohol." Many volatiles, including 1-octen-3-ol, serve as communication agents and display biological activity as germination inhibitors, plant growth retardants or promoters, and as semiochemicals ("infochemicals") in interactions with arthropods. Volatiles are understudied and underappreciated elements of the chemical lives of fungi. This review gives a brief introduction to fungal volatiles in hopes of raising awareness of the physiological importance of these gas phase fungal metabolites to encourage mycologists and other biologists to stop "throwing away the head space."
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam El Jaddaoui
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Drauzio E N Rangel
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Dois Vizinhos, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Joan Wennstrom Bennett
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
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12
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Tribelhorn K, Twarużek M, Kosicki R, Straubinger RK, Ebel F, Ulrich S. A Chemically Defined Medium That Supports Mycotoxin Production by Stachybotrys chartarum Enabled Analysis of the Impact of Nitrogen and Carbon Sources on the Biosynthesis of Macrocyclic Trichothecenes and Stachybotrylactam. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023:e0016323. [PMID: 37338364 PMCID: PMC10370337 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00163-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Stachybotrys chartarum (Hypocreales, Ascomycota) is a toxigenic fungus that is frequently isolated from water-damaged buildings or improperly stored feed. The secondary metabolites formed by this mold have been associated with health problems in humans and animals. Several authors have studied the influence of environmental conditions on the production of mycotoxins, but these studies focused on undefined or complex substrates, such as building materials and media that impeded investigations of the influence of specific nutrients. In this study, a chemically defined cultivation medium was used to investigate the impact of several nitrogen and carbon sources on growth of S. chartarum and its production of macrocyclic trichothecenes (MTs) and stachybotrylactam (STLAC). Increasing concentrations of sodium nitrate were found to positively affect mycelial growth, the level of sporulation, and MT production, while ammonium nitrate and ammonium chloride had an inhibitory effect. Potato starch was the superior and most reliable carbon source tested. Additionally, we observed that the level of sporulation was correlated with the production of MTs but not with that of STLAC. In this study, we provide a chemically well-defined cultivation medium suitable for standardized in vitro testing of the capacity of S. chartarum isolates to produce macrocyclic trichothecenes. IMPORTANCE Macrocyclic trichothecenes (MTs) are highly toxic secondary metabolites that are produced by certain Stachybotrys chartarum strains, which consequently pose a risk for animals and humans. To identify hazardous, toxin-producing strains by analytical means, it is important to grow them under conditions that support MT production. Nutrients determine growth and development and thus the synthesis of secondary metabolites. Complex rich media are commonly used for diagnostics, but batch differences of supplements pose a risk for inconsistent data. We have established a chemically defined medium for S. chartarum and used it to analyze the impact of nitrogen and carbon sources. A key finding is that nitrate stimulates MT production, whereas ammonium suppresses it. Defining nutrients that support MT production will enable a more reliable identification of hazardous S. chartarum isolates. The new medium will also be instrumental in analyzing the biosynthetic pathways and regulatory mechanisms that control mycotoxin production in S. chartarum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Tribelhorn
- Chair of Bacteriology and Mycology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Magdalena Twarużek
- Department of Physiology and Toxicology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kazimierz Wielki University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Robert Kosicki
- Department of Physiology and Toxicology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kazimierz Wielki University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Reinhard K Straubinger
- Chair of Bacteriology and Mycology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Frank Ebel
- Chair of Bacteriology and Mycology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Ulrich
- Chair of Bacteriology and Mycology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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13
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Dam P, Cardoso MH, Mandal S, Franco OL, Sağıroğlu P, Polat OA, Kokoglu K, Mondal R, Mandal AK, Ocsoy I. Surge of mucormycosis during the COVID-19 pandemic. Travel Med Infect Dis 2023; 52:102557. [PMID: 36805033 PMCID: PMC9940844 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2023.102557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Patients with respiratory viral infections are more likely to develop co-infections leading to increased fatality. Mucormycosis is an epidemic amidst the COVID-19 pandemic that conveys a 'double threat' to the global health fraternity. Mucormycosis is caused by the Mucorales group of fungi and exhibits acute angioinvasion generally in immunocompromised patients. The most familiar foci of infections are sinuses (39%), lungs (24%), and skin tissues (19%) where the overall dissemination occurs in 23% of cases. The mortality rate in the case of disseminated mucormycosis is found to be 96%. Symptoms are mostly nonspecific and often resemble other common bacterial or fungal infections. Currently, COVID-19-associated mucormycosis (CAM) is being reported from a number of countries such as the USA, Turkey, France, Mexico, Iran, Austria, UK, Brazil, and Italy, while India is the hotspot for this deadly co-infection, accounting for approximately 28,252 cases up to June 8, 2021. It strikes patients within 12-18 days after COVID-19 recovery, and nearly 80% require surgery. Nevertheless, the mortality rate can reach 94% if the diagnosis is delayed or remains untreated. Sometimes COVID-19 is the sole predisposing factor for CAM. Therefore, this study may provide a comprehensive resource for clinicians and researchers dealing with fungal infections, intending to link the potential translational knowledge and prospective therapeutic challenges to counter this opportunistic pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulami Dam
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Department of Sericulture, Raiganj University, North Dinajpur, West Bengal, 733134, India
| | - Marlon H Cardoso
- S-inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Brazil; Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil; Instituto de Biociências (INBIO), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Sukhendu Mandal
- Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology, Department of Microbiology, University of Calcutta, 700019, India
| | - Octávio L Franco
- S-inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Brazil; Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Pınar Sağıroğlu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | | | - Kerem Kokoglu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Erciyes University School of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Rittick Mondal
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Department of Sericulture, Raiganj University, North Dinajpur, West Bengal, 733134, India
| | - Amit Kumar Mandal
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Department of Sericulture, Raiganj University, North Dinajpur, West Bengal, 733134, India; Centre for Nanotechnology Science (CeNS), Raiganj University, North Dinajpur, West Bengal, 733134, India.
| | - Ismail Ocsoy
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri, 38039, Turkey.
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14
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Upadhyay R. Impact of Fungi on Indoor Air Quality: Health Hazards and Management Strategies. FUNGAL RESOURCES FOR SUSTAINABLE ECONOMY 2023:623-641. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-9103-5_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2025]
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15
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Cho JH, Jun NS, Park JM, Bang KI, Hong JW. Fungal Load of Groundwater Systems in Geographically Segregated Islands: A Step Forward in Fungal Control. MYCOBIOLOGY 2022; 50:345-356. [PMID: 36404906 PMCID: PMC9645270 DOI: 10.1080/12298093.2022.2123549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The fungal distribution, diversity, and load were analyzed in the geographically segregated island groundwater systems in Korea. A total of 79 fungal isolates were secured from seven islands and identified based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences. They belonged to three phyla (Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Chlorophyta), five classes, sixteen orders, twenty-two families, and thirty-one genera. The dominant phylum was Ascomycota (91.1%), with most fungi belonging to the Cladosporium (21.5%), Aspergillus (15.2%), and Stachybotrys (8.9%) genera. Cladosporium showed higher dominance and diversity, being widely distributed throughout the geographically segregated groundwater systems. Based on the diversity indices, the genera richness (4.821) and diversity (2.550) were the highest in the groundwater system of the largest scale. As turbidity (0.064-0.462) increased, the overall fungal count increased and the residual chlorine (0.089-0.308) had low relevance compared with the total count and fungal diversity. Cladosporium showed normal mycelial growth in de-chlorinated sterilized samples. Overall, if turbidity increases under higher fungal diversity, bio-deterioration in groundwater-supplying facilities and public health problems could be intensified, regardless of chlorine treatment. In addition to fungal indicators and analyzing methods, physical hydrostatic treatment is necessary for monitoring and controlling fungal contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joong Hee Cho
- Water Quality Research Institute, Waterworks Headquarters Incheon Metropolitan City, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Soo Jun
- Water Quality Research Institute, Waterworks Headquarters Incheon Metropolitan City, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Myong Park
- Water Quality Research Institute, Waterworks Headquarters Incheon Metropolitan City, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki In Bang
- Water Quality Research Institute, Waterworks Headquarters Incheon Metropolitan City, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Hong
- Department of Hydrogen and Renewable Energy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Bio-resource Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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16
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Morakinyo OM, Mokgobu MI. Indoor Household Exposures and Associated Morbidity and Mortality Outcomes in Children and Adults in South Africa. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159471. [PMID: 35954827 PMCID: PMC9367742 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Human exposure to indoor pollution is one of the most well-established ways that housing affects health. We conducted a review to document evidence on the morbidity and mortality outcomes associated with indoor household exposures in children and adults in South Africa. The authors conducted a scientific review of the publicly available literature up to April 2022 using different search engines (PubMed, ProQuest, Science Direct, Scopus and Google Scholar) to identify the literature that assessed the link between indoor household exposures and morbidity and mortality outcomes in children and adults. A total of 16 studies with 16,920 participants were included. Bioaerosols, allergens, dampness, tobacco smoking, household cooking and heating fuels, particulate matter, gaseous pollutants and indoor spray residue play a significant role in different morbidity outcomes. These health outcomes include dental caries, asthma, tuberculosis, severe airway inflammation, airway blockage, wheeze, rhinitis, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, phlegm on the chest, current rhinoconjunctivitis, hay fever, poor early life immune function, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, gestational hypertension, and increased incidence of nasopharyngeal bacteria, which may predispose people to lower respiratory tract infections. The findings of this research highlight the need for more initiatives, programs, strategies, and policies to better reduce the negative consequences of indoor household exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oyewale Mayowa Morakinyo
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200284, Nigeria
- Correspondence:
| | - Matlou Ingrid Mokgobu
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;
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Ibrahim SRM, Choudhry H, Asseri AH, Elfaky MA, Mohamed SGA, Mohamed GA. Stachybotrys chartarum-A Hidden Treasure: Secondary Metabolites, Bioactivities, and Biotechnological Relevance. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:504. [PMID: 35628759 PMCID: PMC9144806 DOI: 10.3390/jof8050504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungi are renowned as a fountainhead of bio-metabolites that could be employed for producing novel therapeutic agents, as well as enzymes with wide biotechnological and industrial applications. Stachybotrys chartarum (black mold) (Stachybotriaceae) is a toxigenic fungus that is commonly found in damp environments. This fungus has the capacity to produce various classes of bio-metabolites with unrivaled structural features, including cyclosporins, cochlioquinones, atranones, trichothecenes, dolabellanes, phenylspirodrimanes, xanthones, and isoindoline and chromene derivatives. Moreover, it is a source of various enzymes that could have variable biotechnological and industrial relevance. The current review highlights the formerly published data on S. chartarum, including its metabolites and their bioactivities, as well as industrial and biotechnological relevance dated from 1973 to the beginning of 2022. In this work, 215 metabolites have been listed and 138 references have been cited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrin R. M. Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, Preparatory Year Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Hani Choudhry
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (H.C.); (A.H.A.)
- Center for Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Amer H. Asseri
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (H.C.); (A.H.A.)
- Center for Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mahmoud A. Elfaky
- Center for Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Shaimaa G. A. Mohamed
- Faculty of Dentistry, British University, El Sherouk City, Suez Desert Road, Cairo 11837, Egypt;
| | - Gamal A. Mohamed
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
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18
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In Vitro Screening of New Biological Limiters against Some of the Main Soil-Borne Phytopathogens. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14052693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
This study explored the role of Aphanocladium album (strain MX95), Pleurotus ostreatus (strain ALPO) and Pleurotus eryngii (strain AL142PE) as potential biological limiters. MX95, ALPO and AL142PE were screened under laboratory studies against Phytophthora nicotianae (PN), Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici (FORL), Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL), Fusarium solani (FS), Sclerotinia minor (SM), Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (SS), Athelia (Sclerotium) rolfsii (AR) and Verticillium dahliae (VD). The radial growth inhibition and the over-growth of potential antagonists on the target organisms were used to assess the interactions in the in vitro dual culture plate assay. The antagonistic ability of each challenge isolate was evaluated by calculating an index of the antagonism (AI) based on the interaction type in the dual cultures. MX95, reducing the growth of SS (20%) and FS (40%), displayed deadlock at mycelial contact against FOL and FORL, deadlock at distance versus VD and completely over-grew PN and SM. ALPO reduced (43 to 88%) the mycelial growth of tested pathogens except FORL and replaced PN and VD. AL142PE reducing (53 to 67%) SS, VD, FS and FOL mycelial growth and completely over-grew PN. AR showed combative ability against all the experienced biological limiters. Based on the results of the AI values, MX95 (AI = 16.5) was considered an active antagonist, while ALPO (AI = 11.5) and AL142PE (AI = 12.0) were moderately active antagonists. Strains MX95, ALPO and AL142PE were suitable as environment-friendly potential biocontrol agents to manage some of the main soil-borne agents of foot, root, soft rot and wilt diseases. These results are the first step in the assessment of the potential capacity of these organisms as biological limiters. Nevertheless, additional experiments should be performed for the translation to the field conditions in plant protection against soil-borne plant pathogens. In particular, the optimisation of dose and application time validation should be performed for a solid conclusion about the competitive ability of MX95, ALPO and AL142PE and the usefulness of potential biological limiters.
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Dyląg M, Spychała K, Zielinski J, Łagowski D, Gnat S. Update on Stachybotrys chartarum-Black Mold Perceived as Toxigenic and Potentially Pathogenic to Humans. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11030352. [PMID: 35336726 PMCID: PMC8945704 DOI: 10.3390/biology11030352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In nature, there are many species of fungi known to produce various mycotoxins, allergens and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), as well as the commonly known etiological agents of various types of mycoses. So far, none of them have provoked so much emotion among homeowners, builders, conservators, mycologists and clinicians as Stachybotrys chartarum. This species compared to fungi of the genera Fusarium and Aspergillus is not as frequently described to be a micromycete that is toxigenic and hazardous to human and animal health, but interest in it has been growing consistently for three decades. Depending on the authors of any given review article, attention is focused either on the clinical aspects alongside the role of this fungus in deterioration of biomaterials, or aspects related to its biology, ecology and taxonomic position. On the one hand, it is well established that inhalation of conidia, containing the highest concentrations of toxic metabolites, may cause serious damage to the mammalian lung, particularly with repeated exposure. On the other hand, we can find articles in which authors demonstrate that S. chartarum conidia can germinate and form hyphae in lungs but are not able to establish an effective infection. Finally, we can find case reports that suggest that S. chartarum infection is linked with acute pulmonary hemorrhage, based on fungal structures recovered from patient lung tissue. New scientific reports have verified the current state of knowledge and note that clinical significance of this fungus is exceedingly controversial. For these reasons, understanding S. chartarum requires reviewing the well-known toxigenic features and harmful factors associated with this fungus, by gathering the newest ones into a coherent whole. The research problem related to this fungus seems to be not overly publicized, and there is still a demand to truthfully define the real threats of S. chartarum and phylogenetically related species. The most important problem, which should be fully elucidated as soon as possible, remains the clarification of the pathogenicity of S. chartarum and related species. Maybe it is urgent time to ask a critical question, namely what exactly do we know 28 years after the outbreak of pulmonary hemorrhage in infants in Cleveland, Ohio, USA most likely caused by S. chartarum?
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Dyląg
- Department of Mycology and Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wroclaw, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Klaudyna Spychała
- Student Scientific Circle (SKN Mykobiota), Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wroclaw, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Jessica Zielinski
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
| | - Dominik Łagowski
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (D.Ł.); (S.G.)
| | - Sebastian Gnat
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (D.Ł.); (S.G.)
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Liu X, Shi Y, Kong L, Tong L, Cao H, Zhou H, Lv Y. Long-Term Application of Bio-Compost Increased Soil Microbial Community Diversity and Altered Its Composition and Network. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10020462. [PMID: 35208916 PMCID: PMC8878586 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10020462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The influence of bio-compost on the diversity, composition and structure of soil microbial communities is less understood. Here, Illumina MiSeq sequencing and a network analysis were used to comprehensively characterize the effects of 25 years of bio-compost application on the microbial diversity of soil and community composition. High dosages of bio-compost significantly increased the bacterial and fungal richness. The compositions of bacterial and fungal communities were significantly altered by bio-compost addition. Bio-compost addition enriched the relative abundance of beneficial microorganisms (such as Sphingomonas, Acidibacter, Nocardioides, etc.) and reduced the relative abundance of harmful microorganisms (such as Stachybotrys and Aspergillus). Electrical conductivity, soil organic matter and total phosphorus were the key factors in shaping soil microbial community composition. The bacterial network was more complex than fungal network, and bacteria were more sensitive to changes in environmental factors than fungi. Positive interactions dominated both the bacterial and fungal networks, with stronger positive interactions found in the bacterial network. Functional prediction suggested that bio-composts altered the soil bacterial-community metabolic function with respect to carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus cycles and fungal community trophic modes. In conclusion, suitable bio-compost addition is beneficial to the improvement of soil health and crop quality and therefore the sustainability of agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiayan Liu
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.L.); (L.K.); (H.C.)
| | - Yu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China;
| | - Lingyu Kong
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.L.); (L.K.); (H.C.)
| | - Lihong Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
| | - Haoxuan Cao
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.L.); (L.K.); (H.C.)
| | - Hu Zhou
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.L.); (L.K.); (H.C.)
- Correspondence: (H.Z.); (Y.L.); Tel.: +86-010-62731890 (H.Z.); +86-010-62731431 (Y.L.)
| | - Yizhong Lv
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.L.); (L.K.); (H.C.)
- Correspondence: (H.Z.); (Y.L.); Tel.: +86-010-62731890 (H.Z.); +86-010-62731431 (Y.L.)
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21
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Mokoena MP, Omatola CA, Olaniran AO. Applications of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Their Bacteriocins against Food Spoilage Microorganisms and Foodborne Pathogens. Molecules 2021; 26:7055. [PMID: 34834145 PMCID: PMC8622874 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26227055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are Gram-positive and catalase-negative microorganisms used to produce fermented foods. They appear morphologically as cocci or rods and they do not form spores. LAB used in food fermentation are from the Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium genera and are useful in controlling spoilage and pathogenic microbes, due to the bacteriocins and acids that they produce. Consequently, LAB and their bacteriocins have emerged as viable alternatives to chemical food preservatives, curtesy of their qualified presumption of safety (QPS) status. There is growing interest regarding updated literature on the applications of LAB and their products in food safety, inhibition of the proliferation of food spoilage microbes and foodborne pathogens, and the mitigation of viral infections associated with food, as well as in the development of creative food packaging materials. Therefore, this review explores empirical studies, documenting applications and the extent to which LAB isolates and their bacteriocins have been used in the food industry against food spoilage microorganisms and foodborne pathogens including viruses; as well as to highlight the prospects of their numerous novel applications as components of hurdle technology to provide safe and quality food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mduduzi P. Mokoena
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Durban University of Technology (Steve Biko Campus), P.O. Box 1334, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Cornelius A. Omatola
- Discipline of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa; (C.A.O.); (A.O.O.)
| | - Ademola O. Olaniran
- Discipline of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa; (C.A.O.); (A.O.O.)
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22
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Misalignment between Clinical Mold Antigen Extracts and Airborne Molds Found in Water-Damaged Homes. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2021; 19:746-755. [PMID: 34788190 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.202101-096oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that exposure to molds and other fungi can play a role in a variety of allergic and pulmonary diseases in susceptible individuals. Species-specific mold antigen extracts are used in the clinical evaluation of suspected mold-related conditions, however alignment between these extracts and the species of molds identified in the indoor environment of water-damaged homes has not been rigorously evaluated. OBJECTIVES To identify the predominant genera and species of mold in the air of homes with water damage, mold growth, and/or occupants with respiratory complaints (complaint homes), and to assess their alignment with the mold antigen extracts used in clinical practice. METHODS The genera and species of molds identified in culture-type outdoor and indoor air samples collected from complaint homes throughout the U.S. and Canada from 2002-2017 were examined. Mold antigen extracts available and utilized for skin and serum testing in clinical practice were assessed and alignment between these data were evaluated. RESULTS Culture data from 24,455 indoor air samples from 7,547 complaint homes and 29,493 outdoor samples was evaluated. Mean exposure values (CFU/m3) were calculated for each genus and species, and indoor vs outdoor values compared. Penicillium was the predominant genus identified in water-damaged homes, with a mean exposure (233.3 CFU/m3) 2.9 times higher than that of the Aspergillus genus (81.4 CFU/m3). Five Penicillium (P. aurantiogriseum, P. brevicompactum, P. citrinum, P. crustosum, and P. variabile) and three Aspergillus (A. versicolor, A. sydowii, and A. niger) species were identified as the predominant indoor water-damage related fungi. However, none of these Penicillium species and only one of the Aspergillus species is currently available as an antigen extract for use in skin testing or serum testing panels. CONCLUSIONS Significant misalignment exists between the currently available mold antigen extracts and the predominant species of molds found in water-damaged homes. Improving alignment has the potential to enhance diagnosis of mold-related diseases including allergic asthma and hypersensitivity pneumonitis and to improve patient outcomes via interventions including antigen avoidance through building remediation and occupant relocation, consistent with the findings of a recent ATS Workshop Report.
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Pfeiffer S, Sandler P, Raith M, Pascal M, Munoz‐Cano RM, San Bartolome C, Nöbauer K, Quirce S, Razzazi‐Fazeli E, Focke‐Tejkl M, Sterflinger K, Swoboda I. Identification of Ulocladium chartarum as an important indoor allergen source. Allergy 2021; 76:3202-3206. [PMID: 34216490 PMCID: PMC9290848 DOI: 10.1111/all.14999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Pfeiffer
- The Molecular Biotechnology Section FH Campus Wien Campus Vienna Biocenter University of Applied Sciences Vienna Austria
| | - Peter Sandler
- The Molecular Biotechnology Section FH Campus Wien Campus Vienna Biocenter University of Applied Sciences Vienna Austria
| | - Marianne Raith
- The Molecular Biotechnology Section FH Campus Wien Campus Vienna Biocenter University of Applied Sciences Vienna Austria
| | - Mariona Pascal
- Immunology Department CDB Hospital Clinic de Barcelona; IDIBAPS University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
- Spanish Network for Allergy – RETIC de Asma, Reacciones adversas y Alérgicas (ARADYAL Madrid Spain
| | - Rosa Maria Munoz‐Cano
- Spanish Network for Allergy – RETIC de Asma, Reacciones adversas y Alérgicas (ARADYAL Madrid Spain
- Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Allergy Unit IDIBAPS University of Barcelona, ARADyAL Barcelona Spain
| | - Clara San Bartolome
- Immunology Department CDB Hospital Clinic de Barcelona; IDIBAPS University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
- Spanish Network for Allergy – RETIC de Asma, Reacciones adversas y Alérgicas (ARADYAL Madrid Spain
| | - Katharina Nöbauer
- VetCORE Facility for Research University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Austria
| | - Santiago Quirce
- Department of Allergy La Paz University Hospital IdiPAZ Universidad Autonoma de Madrid Madrid Spain
| | | | - Margarete Focke‐Tejkl
- Division of Immunopathology Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Katja Sterflinger
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Technology in the Arts Academy of Fine Arts Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Ines Swoboda
- The Molecular Biotechnology Section FH Campus Wien Campus Vienna Biocenter University of Applied Sciences Vienna Austria
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Madsen AM, Crook B. Occupational exposure to fungi on recyclable paper pots and growing media and associated health effects - A review of the literature. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 788:147832. [PMID: 34034170 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Different types of pots and growing and casing media, including biodegradable materials, are used for plant and mushroom production. The fungus Peziza ostracoderma has gained attention for its visible growth on growing media for plants and casing media for mushrooms. Through a review of the literature we aim to evaluate whether exposure to fungi from recyclable pots and different growing and casing media occurs and causes occupational health effects. Based on the published papers, specific fungal species were not related to a specific medium. Thus P. ostracoderma has been found on paper pots, peat, sterilized soil, vermiculite, and rockwool with plants, and on peat, pumice, and paper casing for mushrooms. It has been found in high concentrations in the air in mushroom farms. Also Acremonium spp., Aspergillus niger, A. fumigatus, Athelia turficola, Aureobasidium pullulans, Chaetomium globosum, Chrysonilia sitophila, Cladosporium spp., Cryptostroma corticale, Lecanicillium aphanocladii, Sporothrix schenckii, Stachybotrys chartarum, and Trichoderma spp. have been found on different types of growing or casing media. Most of the fungi have also been found in the air in greenhouses, but the knowledge about airborne fungal species in mushroom farms is very limited. Eight publications describe cases of health effects associated directly with exposure to fungi from pots or growing or casing media. These include cases of hypersensitivity pneumonitis caused by exposure to: A. fumigatus, A. niger, Au. pullulans, Cr. corticale, P. ostracoderma, and a mixture of fungi growing on different media. Different approaches have been used to avoid growth of saprophytes including: chemical fungicides, the formulation of biodegradable pots and growing media and types of peat. To increase the sustainability of growing media different types of media are tested for their use and with the present study we highlight the importance of also considering the occupational health of the growers who may be exposed to fungi from the media and pots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Mette Madsen
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Brian Crook
- Health and Safety Executive, Science and Research Centre, Buxton SK17 9JN, UK
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Chammem H, Antonielli L, Nesler A, Pindo M, Pertot I. Effect of a Wood-Based Carrier of Trichoderma atroviride SC1 on the Microorganisms of the Soil. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:751. [PMID: 34575789 PMCID: PMC8467423 DOI: 10.3390/jof7090751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Wood pellets can sustain the growth of Trichoderma spp. in soil; however, little is known about their side effects on the microbiota. The aims of this study were to evaluate the effect of wood pellets on the growth of Trichoderma spp. in bulk soil and on the soil microbial population's composition and diversity. Trichoderma atroviride SC1 coated wood pellets and non-coated pellets were applied at the level of 10 g∙kg-1 of soil and at the final concentration of 5 × 103 conidia∙g-1 of soil and compared to a conidial suspension applied at the same concentration without the wood carrier. Untreated bulk soil served as a control. The non-coated wood pellets increased the total Trichoderma spp. population throughout the experiment (estimated as colony-forming unit g-1 of soil), while wood pellets coated with T. atroviride SC1 did not. The wood carrier increased the richness, and temporarily decreased the diversity, of the bacterial population, with Massilia being the most abundant bacterial genus, while it decreased both the richness and diversity of the fungal community. Wood pellets selectively increased fungal species having biocontrol potential, such as Mortierella, Cladorrhinum, and Stachybotrys, which confirms the suitability of such carriers of Trichoderma spp. for soil application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Chammem
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Via Mesiano, 20, 38123 Trento, TN, Italy;
| | - Livio Antonielli
- Center for Health & Bioresources, Bioresources Unit, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria;
| | - Andrea Nesler
- Bi-PA nv (Biological Products for Agriculture), Technologielaan, 7, B-1840 Londerzeel, Belgium;
- Reserch and Innovation Center, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), Via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, TN, Italy;
| | - Massimo Pindo
- Reserch and Innovation Center, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), Via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, TN, Italy;
| | - Ilaria Pertot
- Reserch and Innovation Center, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), Via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, TN, Italy;
- Center Agriculture Food Environment, University of Trento, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, TN, Italy
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Soltan MA, Varney J, Sutton B, Melville CR, Lugg ST, Parekh D, Carroll W, Dosanjh DP, Thickett DR. COVID-19 admission risk tools should include multiethnic age structures, multimorbidity and deprivation metrics for air pollution, household overcrowding, housing quality and adult skills. BMJ Open Respir Res 2021; 8:e000951. [PMID: 34373239 PMCID: PMC8354812 DOI: 10.1136/bmjresp-2021-000951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ethnic minorities account for 34% of critically ill patients with COVID-19 despite constituting 14% of the UK population. Internationally, researchers have called for studies to understand deterioration risk factors to inform clinical risk tool development. METHODS Multicentre cohort study of hospitalised patients with COVID-19 (n=3671) exploring determinants of health, including Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) subdomains, as risk factors for presentation, deterioration and mortality by ethnicity. Receiver operator characteristics were plotted for CURB65 and ISARIC4C by ethnicity and area under the curve (AUC) calculated. RESULTS Ethnic minorities were hospitalised with higher Charlson Comorbidity Scores than age, sex and deprivation matched controls and from the most deprived quintile of at least one IMD subdomain: indoor living environment (LE), outdoor LE, adult skills, wider barriers to housing and services. Admission from the most deprived quintile of these deprivation forms was associated with multilobar pneumonia on presentation and ICU admission. AUC did not exceed 0.7 for CURB65 or ISARIC4C among any ethnicity except ISARIC4C among Indian patients (0.83, 95% CI 0.73 to 0.93). Ethnic minorities presenting with pneumonia and low CURB65 (0-1) had higher mortality than White patients (22.6% vs 9.4%; p<0.001); Africans were at highest risk (38.5%; p=0.006), followed by Caribbean (26.7%; p=0.008), Indian (23.1%; p=0.007) and Pakistani (21.2%; p=0.004). CONCLUSIONS Ethnic minorities exhibit higher multimorbidity despite younger age structures and disproportionate exposure to unscored risk factors including obesity and deprivation. Household overcrowding, air pollution, housing quality and adult skills deprivation are associated with multilobar pneumonia on presentation and ICU admission which are mortality risk factors. Risk tools need to reflect risks predominantly affecting ethnic minorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina A Soltan
- Birmingham Acute Care Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- University Hospitals Birmingham Foundation NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
- Health Inequalities Research Unit, England, United Kingdom, Great Britain
| | | | - Benjamin Sutton
- University Hospitals Birmingham Foundation NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham Lung Research Unit, Birmingham, UK
| | - Colin R Melville
- The University of Manchester Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Manchester, UK
| | - Sebastian T Lugg
- Birmingham Acute Care Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- University Hospitals Birmingham Foundation NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Dhruv Parekh
- Birmingham Acute Care Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- University Hospitals Birmingham Foundation NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham Lung Research Unit, Birmingham, UK
| | - Will Carroll
- University Hospitals North Midlands, Stoke on Trent, UK
| | - Davinder P Dosanjh
- Birmingham Acute Care Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- University Hospitals Birmingham Foundation NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham Lung Research Unit, Birmingham, UK
| | - David R Thickett
- Birmingham Acute Care Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- University Hospitals Birmingham Foundation NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Seo JW, Kim JY, Kim DH, Oh JJ, Kim YJ, Kim GH. Selection and characterization of toxic Aspergillus spore-specific DNA aptamer using spore-SELEX. RSC Adv 2021; 11:2608-2615. [PMID: 35424249 PMCID: PMC8693783 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra09571k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
As airborne spores of toxic Aspergillus species cause mild symptoms to invasive fungal infections, their indoor concentration should be controlled through real-time management. Aptamer-based biosensors could provide economical and simple solutions for point-of-care. In this study, we isolated aptamers binding to the spores of three representative toxic Aspergillus species (A. fumigatus, A. flavus, and A. niger) for the first time, using cell-SELEX (systematic evolution of ligands through exponential enrichment). Among the aptamer candidates, Asp-3 showed a broad and high binding affinity for the Aspergillus spores. Considering the low binding affinity with proteinase-treated spores, we speculated that the Asp-3 binding sites could be possibly associated with cell surface proteins. The high Asp-3 specificity was confirmed by comparing the binding affinity between the Aspergillus target species and other common indoor fungal species. Moreover, we also established quantitative linear relationships between Asp-3 and the spore concentration of each Aspergillus species. Therefore, the selected Asp-3 aptamer, conjugated with detection sensors, could be an effective biorecognition element for the spores of three toxic Aspergillus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Woo Seo
- Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Korea University 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu Seoul 02841 Korea +82 2 3290 9753 +82 2 3290 3014
| | - Jee Young Kim
- Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Korea University 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu Seoul 02841 Korea +82 2 3290 9753 +82 2 3290 3014
| | - Da Hee Kim
- Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Korea University 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu Seoul 02841 Korea +82 2 3290 9753 +82 2 3290 3014
| | - Jeong-Joo Oh
- Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Korea University 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu Seoul 02841 Korea +82 2 3290 9753 +82 2 3290 3014
| | - Young Jun Kim
- Life Science and Biotechnology Department, Underwood Division, Underwood International College, Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Korea
| | - Gyu-Hyeok Kim
- Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Korea University 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu Seoul 02841 Korea +82 2 3290 9753 +82 2 3290 3014
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28
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Hyvonen SM, Lohi JJ, Rasanen LA, Heinonen T, Mannerstrom M, Vaali K, Tuuminen T. Association of toxic indoor air with multi-organ symptoms in pupils attending a moisture-damaged school in Finland. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 9:101-113. [PMID: 33489478 PMCID: PMC7811924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an on-going debate on how best to test toxic indoor air. Toxicological methods based on condensed water samples and cell culture technique are newly introduced research tools which were tested in this study. METHODS Pupils (n=47) from a water-damaged and (n=56) healthy schools were interviewed using a questionnaire. Indoor air was collected with a novel condensed water sampling technique and human THP-1 macrophages were exposed to the condensate. The cytotoxicity of cotton wool swab samples was tested using human BJ fibroblasts. Conventional microbiological culture methods were also performed. RESULTS Gastrointestinal problems (GI) were reported by 51% from the study cohort but only 4% of the control cohort, relative risk RR=14.30. For any neurological or neuropsychological symptoms, the RR was 63.04, muscular-skeletal pain RR=58.28, headache RR=31.00, respiratory symptoms RR=22.64, fatigue RR=21.45, sub febrility RR=15.49, ear infections RR=7.74, skin rash RR=5.96, all being statistically significant (P<0.001). All indoor air (n=7) and cotton wool samples (n=2) taken from the water-damaged classroom or in proximity of the problematic classrooms were toxic in cell culture assays. Low numbers of moisture-damage indicators were recovered from wall, passive air, and swab samples, namely Aspergillus ochraceus species group, Aspergillus, Eurotium species group, Fusarium, Tritirachium, Scopulariopsis genus group and Aspergillus versicolores species group. CONCLUSIONS Indoor air toxicity and dampness-related microbiota recovered from the classrooms were associated with multi-organ morbidity of the school occupants. These results corroborated our previous reports from two adult cohorts i.e. evidence of causality. These new toxicological methods based on condensed water and cell culturing techniques seem to be superior to conventional microbiological methods in correlating with clinical symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jouni J Lohi
- Department of Pathology, Lapland Central HospitalRovaniemi, Ounasrinteentie 22, Rovaniemi 84100, Finland
| | | | - Tuula Heinonen
- FICAM, The Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Arvo Ylpön katu 1, University of TampereTampere 33014, Finland
| | - Marika Mannerstrom
- FICAM, The Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Arvo Ylpön katu 1, University of TampereTampere 33014, Finland
| | - Kirsi Vaali
- SelexLabKalevankatu 20, Helsinki 00100, Finland
| | - Tamara Tuuminen
- Kruunuhaka Medical CenterKaisaniemenkatu 1 B, Helsinki 00100, Finland
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Bioreactivity, Guttation and Agents Influencing Surface Tension of Water Emitted by Actively Growing Indoor Mould Isolates. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8121940. [PMID: 33297485 PMCID: PMC7762365 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8121940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The secretion of metabolites in guttation droplets by indoor moulds is not well documented. This study demonstrates the guttation of metabolites by actively growing common indoor moulds. Old and fresh biomasses of indoor isolates of Aspergillus versicolor, Chaetomium globosum, Penicillium expansum, Trichoderma atroviride, T. trixiae, Rhizopus sp. and Stachybotrys sp. were compared. Metabolic activity indicated by viability staining and guttation of liquid droplets detected in young (<3 weeks old) biomass were absent in old (>6 months old) cultures consisting of dehydrated hyphae and dormant conidia. Fresh (<3 weeks old) biomasses were toxic more than 10 times towards mammalian cell lines (PK-15 and MNA) compared to the old dormant, dry biomasses, when calculated per biomass wet weight and per conidial particle. Surfactant activity was emitted in exudates from fresh biomass of T. atroviride, Rhizopus sp. and Stachybotrys sp. Surfactant activity was also provoked by fresh conidia from T. atroviride and Stachybotrys sp. strains. Water repealing substances were emitted by cultures of P. expansum, T. atroviride and C. globosum strains. The metabolic state of the indoor fungal growth may influence emission of liquid soluble bioreactive metabolites into the indoor air.
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Schaefer AL, Ceesay M, Leier JA, Tesch J, Wisenden BD, Pandey S. Factors Contributing to Sex Differences in Mice Inhaling Aspergillus fumigatus. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E8851. [PMID: 33260764 PMCID: PMC7729525 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17238851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus is a respiratory fungal pathogen and an allergen, commonly detected in flooded indoor environments and agricultural settings. Previous studies in Balb/c mice showed that repeated inhalation of live and dry A. fumigatus spores, without any adjuvant, elevated allergic immune response and airway remodeling. Sex-specific differences can influence host-pathogen interactions and allergic-asthma related outcomes. However, the effect of host sex on immune response, in the context of A. fumigatus exposure, remains unknown. In this study, we quantified the multivariate and univariate immune response of C57BL/6J mice to live, dry airborne A. fumigatus spores. Our results corroborate previous results in Balb/c mice that repeated inhalation of live A. fumigatus spores is sufficient to induce mucus production and inflammation by day 3 post last challenge, and antibody titers and collagen production by day 28 post-challenge. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed that females exhibited significantly higher levels of immune components than males did. Taken together, our data indicate that host-sex is an important factor in shaping the immune response against A. fumigatus, and must be considered when modeling disease in animals, in designing diagnostics and therapeutics for A. fumigatus-associated diseases or while drafting evidence-based guidelines for safe mold levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Sumali Pandey
- Biosciences Department, Minnesota State University Moorhead, Moorhead, 56563 MN, USA; (A.L.S.); (M.C.); (J.A.L.); (J.T.); (B.D.W.)
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Strycker BD, Han Z, Duan Z, Commer B, Wang K, Shaw BD, Sokolov AV, Scully MO. Identification of toxic mold species through Raman spectroscopy of fungal conidia. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242361. [PMID: 33227000 PMCID: PMC7682877 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We use a 785 nm shifted excitation Raman difference (SERDS) technique to measure the Raman spectra of the conidia of 10 mold species of especial toxicological, medical, and industrial importance, including Stachybotrys chartarum, Penicillium chrysogenum, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus niger, and others. We find that both the pure Raman and fluorescence signals support the hypothesis that for an excitation wavelength of 785 nm the Raman signal originates from the melanin pigments bound within the cell wall of the conidium. In addition, the major features of the pure Raman spectra group into profiles that we hypothesize may be due to differences in the complex melanin biosynthesis pathways. We then combine the Raman spectral data with neural network models to predict species classification with an accuracy above 99%. Finally, the Raman spectral data of all species investigated is made freely available for download and use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D. Strycker
- Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- Baylor University, Waco, Texas, United States of America
| | - Zehua Han
- Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Zheng Duan
- Center for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, South China Academy of Advanced, Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Blake Commer
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Kai Wang
- Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Brian D. Shaw
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Alexei V. Sokolov
- Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- Baylor University, Waco, Texas, United States of America
| | - Marlan O. Scully
- Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- Baylor University, Waco, Texas, United States of America
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El-Sayed Mostafa H, Ahmed Allithy AN, Abdellatif NA, Anani M, Fareed SA, El-Shafei DA, Alaa El-Din EA. Amelioration of pulmonary aflatoxicosis by green tea extract: An in vivo study. Toxicon 2020; 189:48-55. [PMID: 33212099 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Aflatoxins (AFB1) are mycotoxins known to be associated with human and animal diseases. The lung is a at risk from AFB1exposure either via inhalation or circulation. Green tea consumption is increasing over time due to widespread popularity as antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, and cytoprotective agents. Therefore, we attempted to study the lung toxicity caused by AFB1 and the possible ameliorating effect of green tea extract. Forty adult male albino rats were divided into five groups; Group I: Untreated control group, Group II (vehicle): Each rat received 1 ml of olive oil, Group III (GTE): Each rat received Camellia sinensis, green tea extract (30 mg/kg/day), Group IV(AFB1): Each rat received (50 μg/kg/day of AFB1). Group V (AFB1+ GTE): Each rat received the same previously mentioned doses of AFB1 in addition to GTE concomitantly. All treatments were orally gavaged for 8 weeks then rats were sacrificed. Serum levels of pro-inflammatory (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines were measured, lung tissues' oxidative stress indices were also measured in addition to the histopathological study which was performed by using hematoxylin & eosin and Masson trichrome stains. Morphometric and statistical analyses were also performed. Oral gavage of AFB1 resulted in significant histopathological changes in the lung tissues, in the form of variable degrees of congestion, hemorrhage, interstitial inflammation with infiltration by chronic inflammatory cells, interstitial fibrosis, bronchitis, vasculitis and fibrous thickening of arterial walls. Inflammation was evident by elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and a declined level of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Also, oxidative stress was evident by increased levels of Malondialdehyde (MDA), Myeloperoxidase (MPO), and decreased levels of total glutathione (tGSH) and Catalase (CAT). The histopathological changes, inflammatory cytokines, and oxidative stress markers were significantly decreased during concomitant administration of green tea extract in (AFB1+ GTE) group. Aflatoxin B1 has deleterious effects on the lung tissue that could be minimized by concomitant administration of Green tea extract owing to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and protective properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba El-Sayed Mostafa
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | | | | | - Maha Anani
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
| | - Shimaa Antar Fareed
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
| | - Dalia Abdallah El-Shafei
- Departments of Community, Environmental & Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.
| | - Eman Ahmed Alaa El-Din
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
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Abstract
Aim. To assess the degree of fungal contamination and the species composition of the fungal microbiota of residential apartments in Kazan
Methods. A mycological study of 90 air samples and 60 samples from sites of fungal biodeterioration from the residential buildings of Kazan was carried out using cultural and microscopic methods.
Results. The presence of micromycetes fungi were detected in 90% of air samples and 100% of samples from sites of biodeterioration. Higher fungal species diversity was noted in the sites, compared with air samples. Fungal concentrations in indoor air varied between 8 and 360 CFU/m3. Fungal community composition analysis of the sites of biodeterioration showed that the surfaces were more frequently contaminated by undemanding and capable of growth at different moisture levels fungal species (Penicillium spp., Aspergillus spp., Rhizopus stolonifer). The resulting fungal plaque can create conditions favorable for aggressive fungal species that actively damage materials (Chaetomium spp., Acremonium spp., Aureubasidium spp). Allergenic fungi, as well as potentially pathogenic and toxin-forming species, were widespread in the air that can be a health risk factor. A quantitative assessment of air mycobiota indicated the moderate level of fungal contamination.
Conclusion. The presence of potentially pathogenic, allergenic and biodegradable fungal species in the sites of biodeterioration has been confirmed, as well as the relationship between airborne fungal contamination and the spread of fungi in indoors, confirming the need to prevent fungal biodeterioration and control indoor air quality.
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Antifungal and Antibacterial Activity of Terpenes for Improvement of Indoor Air Quality. CURRENT FUNGAL INFECTION REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12281-020-00397-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Hyvönen S, Poussa T, Lohi J, Tuuminen T. High prevalence of neurological sequelae and multiple chemical sensitivity among occupants of a Finnish police station damaged by dampness microbiota. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2020; 76:145-151. [PMID: 32544007 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2020.1781034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of the study was to estimate the risks of different symptoms after the exposure to indoor air dampness microbiota (DM).Methods: This cross-sectional retrospective cohort-based study compared morbidity risks in DM exposed (n = 116) vs. unexposed cohort (n = 45). Gender-adjusted log-binomial regression models were used to calculate risk ratios (RR). The analysis of indoor dust toxicity was based on the inhibition of the motion of boar spermatozoa in vitro. Conventional microbiological work-up was performed in an accredited laboratory.Results: Compared to the unexposed cohort, the study cohort had statistically significant (p < 0.05) risks to develop symptoms of the central nervous system RR = 2.85 (95% CI 1.19-6.85), fatigue RR = 2.82 (1.55-5.11), Multiple Chemical Sensitivity (MCS) RR = 2.81 (1.06-7.46), cardiac arrhythmia RR = 9.58 (1.33-68.81) and respiratory symptoms RR = 2.66 (1.58-4.48).Conclusions: The results of this study corroborate our earlier findings that toxic indoor air may cause a plethora of neurological symptoms. Higher than in the control group the prevalence of MCS associated with the exposure to DM. Bad indoor air is therefore not only a risk for respiratory problems and asthma but should be viewed broader as a systemic biotoxicosis. Therefore, psychologization of this disorder without mentioning the underlying insulting mechanisms should be discouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jouni Lohi
- Department of Pathology, Lapland Central Hospital, Rovaniemi, Finland
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Horve PF, Lloyd S, Mhuireach GA, Dietz L, Fretz M, MacCrone G, Van Den Wymelenberg K, Ishaq SL. Building upon current knowledge and techniques of indoor microbiology to construct the next era of theory into microorganisms, health, and the built environment. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2020; 30:219-235. [PMID: 31308484 PMCID: PMC7100162 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-019-0157-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In the constructed habitat in which we spend up to 90% of our time, architectural design influences occupants' behavioral patterns, interactions with objects, surfaces, rituals, the outside environment, and each other. Within this built environment, human behavior and building design contribute to the accrual and dispersal of microorganisms; it is a collection of fomites that transfer microorganisms; reservoirs that collect biomass; structures that induce human or air movement patterns; and space types that encourage proximity or isolation between humans whose personal microbial clouds disperse cells into buildings. There have been recent calls to incorporate building microbiology into occupant health and exposure research and standards, yet the built environment is largely viewed as a repository for microorganisms which are to be eliminated, instead of a habitat which is inexorably linked to the microbial influences of building inhabitants. Health sectors have re-evaluated the role of microorganisms in health, incorporating microorganisms into prevention and treatment protocols, yet no paradigm shift has occurred with respect to microbiology of the built environment, despite calls to do so. Technological and logistical constraints often preclude our ability to link health outcomes to indoor microbiology, yet sufficient study exists to inform the theory and implementation of the next era of research and intervention in the built environment. This review presents built environment characteristics in relation to human health and disease, explores some of the current experimental strategies and interventions which explore health in the built environment, and discusses an emerging model for fostering indoor microbiology rather than fearing it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick F Horve
- Biology and the Built Environment Center, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA
| | - Savanna Lloyd
- Biology and the Built Environment Center, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA
| | - Gwynne A Mhuireach
- Biology and the Built Environment Center, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA
| | - Leslie Dietz
- Biology and the Built Environment Center, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA
| | - Mark Fretz
- Institute for Health and the Built Environment, University of Oregon, Portland, OR, 97209, USA
| | - Georgia MacCrone
- Biology and the Built Environment Center, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA
| | - Kevin Van Den Wymelenberg
- Biology and the Built Environment Center, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA
- Institute for Health and the Built Environment, University of Oregon, Portland, OR, 97209, USA
| | - Suzanne L Ishaq
- Biology and the Built Environment Center, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA.
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Vujanovic V, Korber DR, Vujanovic S, Vujanovic J, Jabaji S. Scientific Prospects for Cannabis-Microbiome Research to Ensure Quality and Safety of Products. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E290. [PMID: 32093340 PMCID: PMC7074860 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8020290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabis legalization has occurred in several countries worldwide. Along with steadily growing research in Cannabis healthcare science, there is an increasing interest for scientific-based knowledge in plant microbiology and food science, with work connecting the plant microbiome and plant health to product quality across the value chain of cannabis. This review paper provides an overview of the state of knowledge and challenges in Cannabis science, and thereby identifies critical risk management and safety issues in order to capitalize on innovations while ensuring product quality control. It highlights scientific gap areas to steer future research, with an emphasis on plant-microbiome sciences committed to using cutting-edge technologies for more efficient Cannabis production and high-quality products intended for recreational, pharmaceutical, and medicinal use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Vujanovic
- Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada;
| | - Darren R. Korber
- Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada;
| | - Silva Vujanovic
- Hospital Pharmacy, CISSS des Laurentides and Université de Montréal-Montreal, QC J8H 4C7, Canada;
| | - Josko Vujanovic
- Medical Imaging, CISSS-Laurentides, Lachute, QC J8H 4C7, Canada;
| | - Suha Jabaji
- Plant Science, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada;
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Moist and Mold Exposure is Associated With High Prevalence of Neurological Symptoms and MCS in a Finnish Hospital Workers Cohort. Saf Health Work 2020; 11:173-177. [PMID: 32596012 PMCID: PMC7303478 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2020.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Indoor air dampness microbiota (DM) is a big health hazard. Sufficient evidence exists that exposure to DM causes new asthma or exacerbation, dyspnea, infections of upper airways and allergic alveolitis. Less convincing evidence has yet been published for extrapulmonary manifestations of dampness and mold hypersensitivity syndrome ). Methods We investigated the prevalence of extrapulmonary in addition to respiratory symptoms with a questionnaire in a cohort of nurses and midwives (n = 90) exposed to DM in a Helsinki Obstetric Hospital. The corresponding prevalence was compared with an unexposed cohort (n = 45). Particular interest was put on neurological symptoms and multiple chemical sensitivity. Results The results show that respiratory symptoms were more common among participants of the study vs. control cohort, that is, 80 vs 29%, respectively (risk ratio [RR]: 2.56, p < 0.001). Symptoms of the central or peripheral nervous system were also more common in study vs. control cohort: 81 vs 11% (RR: 6.63, p < 0.001). Fatigue was reported in 77 vs. 24%, (RR: 3.05, p < 0.001) and multiple chemical sensitivity in 40 vs. 9%, (RR: 3.44, p = 0.01), the so-called “brain fog”, was prevalent in 62 vs 11% (RR: 4.94, p < 0.001), arrhythmias were reported in 57 vs. 2.4% (RR: 19.75, p < 0.001) and musculoskeletal pain in 51 vs 22% (RR: 2.02, p = 0.02) among participants of the study vs. control cohort, respectively. Conclusion The results indicate that the exposure to DM is associated with a plethora of extrapulmonary symptoms. Presented data corroborate our recent reports on the health effects of moist and mold exposure in a workplace.
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Ma D, Li P, Duan X, Li J, Shao P, Lang Z, Bao L, Zhang Y, Lin Z, Wang B. A Hydrolytically Stable Vanadium(IV) Metal-Organic Framework with Photocatalytic Bacteriostatic Activity for Autonomous Indoor Humidity Control. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:3905-3909. [PMID: 31833644 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201914762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with long-term stability and reversible high water uptake properties can be ideal candidates for water harvesting and indoor humidity control. Now, a mesoporous and highly stable MOF, BIT-66 is presented that has indoor humidity control capability and a photocatalytic bacteriostatic effect. BIT-66 (V3 (O)3 (H2 O)(BTB)2 ), possesses prominent moisture tunability in the range of 45-60 % RH and a water uptake and working capacity of 71 and 55 wt %, respectively, showing good recyclability and excellent performance in water adsorption-desorption cycles. Importantly, this MOF demonstrates a unique photocatalytic bacteriostatic behavior under visible light, which can effectively ameliorate the bacteria and/or mold breeding problem in water adsorbing materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dou Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Ping Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Xiangyu Duan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Jiazhen Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Pengpeng Shao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Zhongling Lang
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Science of the Ministry of Education Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Chanchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Lixia Bao
- Analysis and Testing Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Zhengguo Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Bo Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
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40
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Ma D, Li P, Duan X, Li J, Shao P, Lang Z, Bao L, Zhang Y, Lin Z, Wang B. A Hydrolytically Stable Vanadium(IV) Metal–Organic Framework with Photocatalytic Bacteriostatic Activity for Autonomous Indoor Humidity Control. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201914762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dou Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P. R. China
| | - Ping Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P. R. China
| | - Xiangyu Duan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P. R. China
| | - Jiazhen Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P. R. China
| | - Pengpeng Shao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P. R. China
| | - Zhongling Lang
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Science of the Ministry of Education Faculty of Chemistry Northeast Normal University Chanchun 130024 P. R. China
| | - Lixia Bao
- Analysis and Testing Center Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 102488 P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P. R. China
| | - Zhengguo Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P. R. China
| | - Bo Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P. R. China
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Arenas-Huertero F, Zaragoza-Ojeda M, Sánchez-Alarcón J, Milić M, Šegvić Klarić M, Montiel-González JM, Valencia-Quintana R. Involvement of Ahr Pathway in Toxicity of Aflatoxins and Other Mycotoxins. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2347. [PMID: 31681212 PMCID: PMC6798329 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to present information about the role of activation of aflatoxins and other mycotoxins, of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) pathway. Aflatoxins and other mycotoxins are a diverse group of secondary metabolites that can be contaminants in a broad range of agricultural products and feeds. Some species of Aspergillus, Alternaria, Penicilium, and Fusarium are major producers of mycotoxins, some of which are toxic and carcinogenic. Several aflatoxins are planar molecules that can activate the AhR. AhR participates in the detoxification of several xenobiotic substances and activates phase I and phase II detoxification pathways. But it is important to recognize that AhR activation also affects differentiation, cell adhesion, proliferation, and immune response among others. Any examination of the effects of aflatoxins and other toxins that act as activators to AhR must consider the potential of the disruption of several cellular functions in order to extend the perception thus far about the toxic and carcinogenic effects of these toxins. There have been no Reviews of existing data between the relation of AhR and aflatoxins and this one attempts to give information precisely about this dichotomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Arenas-Huertero
- Experimental Pathology Research Laboratory, Children’s Hospital of Mexico Federico Gómez, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Montserrat Zaragoza-Ojeda
- Experimental Pathology Research Laboratory, Children’s Hospital of Mexico Federico Gómez, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Juana Sánchez-Alarcón
- Rafael Villalobos-Pietrini Laboratory of Genomic Toxicology and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Agrobiology, Autonomous University of Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Mirta Milić
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Šegvić Klarić
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - José M. Montiel-González
- Rafael Villalobos-Pietrini Laboratory of Genomic Toxicology and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Agrobiology, Autonomous University of Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Rafael Valencia-Quintana
- Rafael Villalobos-Pietrini Laboratory of Genomic Toxicology and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Agrobiology, Autonomous University of Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico
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Mhlongo NT, Tekere M, Sibanda T. Prevalence and public health implications of mycotoxigenic fungi in treated drinking water systems. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2019; 17:517-531. [PMID: 31313991 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2019.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Insufficient potable water resources and poorly treated drinking water quality are the world's number one cause for preventable morbidity and mortality from water-related pathogenic microorganisms. Pathogenic microorganisms, including mycotoxigenic fungi, have been identified in treated drinking water. This paper presents a review of mycotoxigenic fungi as a health risk to the public as these fungi are responsible for allergies, cancers and opportunistic infections mainly to immunocompromised patients. The exacerbating factors contributing to fungal presence in water distribution systems, factors that lead to fungi being resistant to water treatment and treated drinking water quality legislations are also discussed. This paper provides a review on the prevalence of mycotoxigenic fungi and their implications to public health in treated drinking water, and the need for inclusion in treated drinking water quality regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ntombie Thandazile Mhlongo
- Department of Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, P.O. Box X6, Florida 1710, Johannesburg, South Africa E-mail:
| | - Memory Tekere
- Department of Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, P.O. Box X6, Florida 1710, Johannesburg, South Africa E-mail:
| | - Timothy Sibanda
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Namibia, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia
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Barrera C, Rocchi S, Degano B, Soumagne T, Laurent L, Bellanger AP, Laplante JJ, Millon L, Dalphin JC, Reboux G. Microbial exposure to dairy farmers' dwellings and COPD occurrence. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2019; 29:387-399. [PMID: 30461300 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2018.1545900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Dairy farming is a risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The aim was to determine predictive markers either in blood samples or in dwelling dust samples by comparing COPD and healthy controls with or without farming activity. Dust was collected and analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR. ELISA and DELFIA® were performed to assay the level of specific IgG and IgE of 10 targeted microorganisms. The dwelling exposure of farmers was higher than in the non-farmers (Especially Eurotium amstelodami and Lichtheimia corymbifera). The IgG response against Wallemia sebi and Saccharopolyspora rectivirgula was more often higher in the farmers than the non-farmers. However, exposure and sensitization to the microorganisms tested cannot explain the occurrence of COPD in the dairy farmers' population. COPD development is probably caused by multiple factors associated with exposure over a period of several years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coralie Barrera
- a UMR/CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement, UFR Sciences médicales et pharmaceutiques , University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté , Besançon , France
- b Department of Parasitology-Mycology , University Hospital , Besançon , France
| | - Steffi Rocchi
- a UMR/CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement, UFR Sciences médicales et pharmaceutiques , University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté , Besançon , France
- b Department of Parasitology-Mycology , University Hospital , Besançon , France
| | - Bruno Degano
- c Department of Functional Explorations , University Hospital , Besançon , France
| | - Thibaud Soumagne
- d Department of Pneumology , University Hospital , Besançon , France
| | - Lucie Laurent
- c Department of Functional Explorations , University Hospital , Besançon , France
| | - Anne-Pauline Bellanger
- a UMR/CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement, UFR Sciences médicales et pharmaceutiques , University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté , Besançon , France
- b Department of Parasitology-Mycology , University Hospital , Besançon , France
| | - Jean-Jacques Laplante
- e Department of Occupational Diseases , Social and Agricultural Mutual (MSA) of Franche-Comté , Besançon , France
| | - Laurence Millon
- a UMR/CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement, UFR Sciences médicales et pharmaceutiques , University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté , Besançon , France
- b Department of Parasitology-Mycology , University Hospital , Besançon , France
| | - Jean-Charles Dalphin
- a UMR/CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement, UFR Sciences médicales et pharmaceutiques , University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté , Besançon , France
- d Department of Pneumology , University Hospital , Besançon , France
| | - Gabriel Reboux
- a UMR/CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement, UFR Sciences médicales et pharmaceutiques , University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté , Besançon , France
- b Department of Parasitology-Mycology , University Hospital , Besançon , France
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Jafta N, Jeena PM, Barregard L, Naidoo RN. Association of childhood pulmonary tuberculosis with exposure to indoor air pollution: a case control study. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:275. [PMID: 30845944 PMCID: PMC6407209 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-6604-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Crude measures of exposure to indicate indoor air pollution have been associated with the increased risk for acquiring tuberculosis. Our study aimed to determine an association between childhood pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and exposure to indoor air pollution (IAP), based on crude exposure predictors and directly sampled and modelled pollutant concentrations. Methods In this case control study, children diagnosed with PTB were compared to children without PTB. Questionnaires about children’s health; and house characteristics and activities (including household air pollution) and secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure were administered to caregivers of participants. A subset of the participants’ homes was sampled for measurements of PM10 over a 24-h period (n = 105), and NO2 over a period of 2 to 3 weeks (n = 82). IAP concentrations of PM10 and NO2 were estimated in the remaining homes using predictive models. Logistic regression was used to look for association between IAP concentrations, crude measures of IAP, and PTB. Results Of the 234 participants, 107 were cases and 127 were controls. Pollutants concentrations (μg/m3) for were PM10 median: 48 (range: 6.6–241) and NO2 median: 16.7 (range: 4.5–55). Day-to-day variability within- household was large. In multivariate models adjusted for age, sex, socioeconomic status, TB contact and HIV status, the crude exposure measures of pollution viz. cooking fuel type (clean or dirty fuel) and SHS showed positive non-significant associations with PTB. Presence of dampness in the household was a significant risk factor for childhood TB acquisition with aOR of 2.4 (95% CI: 1.1–5.0). The crude exposure predictors of indoor air pollution are less influenced by day-to-day variability. No risk was observed between pollutant concentrations and PTB in children for PM10 and NO2. Conclusion Our study suggests increased risk of childhood tuberculosis disease when children are exposed to SHS, dirty cooking fuel, and dampness in their homes. Yet, HIV status, age and TB contact are the most important risk factors of childhood PTB in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nkosana Jafta
- Discipline of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 321 George Campbell Building, Howard College Campus, Durban, 4041, South Africa.
| | - Prakash M Jeena
- Discipline of Pediatrics and Child Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X1, Congella, Durban, 4013, South Africa
| | - Lars Barregard
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital and Sahlgrenska Academy at Gothenburg University, Box 414, S-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rajen N Naidoo
- Discipline of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 321 George Campbell Building, Howard College Campus, Durban, 4041, South Africa
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Morakinyo OM, Mokgobu MI, Mukhola MS, Godobedzha T. Biological Composition of Respirable Particulate Matter in an Industrial Vicinity in South Africa. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E629. [PMID: 30795513 PMCID: PMC6406656 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16040629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing concern that exposure to particulate matter of aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5) with biological composition (bioaerosols) may play a key role in the prevalence of adverse health outcomes in humans. This study determined the bacterial and fungal concentrations in PM2.5 and their inhalation health risks in an industrial vicinity in South Africa. Samples of PM2.5 collected on a 47-mm glass fiber filter during winter and summer months were analysed for bacterial and fungal content using standard methods. The health risks from inhalation of bioaerosols were done by estimating the age-specific dose rate. The concentration of bacteria (168⁻378 CFU/m³) was higher than fungi (58⁻155 CFU/m³). Bacterial and fungal concentrations in PM2.5 were lower in winter than in the summer season. Bacteria identified in summer were similar to those identified in winter: Staphylococcus sp., Bacillus sp., Micrococcus sp., Flavobacterium sp., Klebsiella sp. and Pseudomonas sp. Moreover, the fungal floras identified include Cladosporium spp., Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp., Fusarium spp. and Alternaria spp. Children inhaled a higher dose of bacterial and fungal aerosols than adults. Bacteria and fungi are part of the bioaerosol components of PM2.5. Bioaerosol exposure may present additional health risks for children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oyewale Mayowa Morakinyo
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200284, Nigeria.
| | - Matlou Ingrid Mokgobu
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
| | - Murembiwa Stanley Mukhola
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
| | - Tshifhiwa Godobedzha
- Air Quality Management, Environment and Agriculture Management Department, City of Tshwane Municipality Private Bag 440, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
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Black Mold Growth in Cryostats Used for Mohs Micrographic Surgery. Dermatol Surg 2019; 45:1421-1423. [PMID: 30640781 DOI: 10.1097/dss.0000000000001783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Tolmie C, Smit MS, Opperman DJ. Native roles of Baeyer–Villiger monooxygenases in the microbial metabolism of natural compounds. Nat Prod Rep 2019; 36:326-353. [DOI: 10.1039/c8np00054a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Baeyer–Villiger monooxygenases function in the primary metabolism of atypical carbon sources, as well as the synthesis of complex microbial metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmien Tolmie
- Department of Biotechnology
- University of the Free State
- Bloemfontein
- South Africa
| | - Martha S. Smit
- Department of Biotechnology
- University of the Free State
- Bloemfontein
- South Africa
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Abstract
Background and Purpose: Fungal contamination in damp places in buildings has become an increasing problem worldwide. Dampness facilitates the growth of fungi, which can cause adverse effects not only on the buildings but also on their occupants. The aim of this study was to identify indoor mold species in the buildings of Kerman province, Iran. Materials and Methods: In this study, 110 samples were obtained from surfaces of damp indoor areas in buildings randomly selected in Kerman province. The identification of fungal species was based on the macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of the isolates, such as colony morphology, hyphae, conidia, and conidiophores, as well as molecular sequence data. Results: Based on the results, a total of 218 fungal isolates were obtained. Apart from frequently isolated fungi, such as Alternaria, Aspergillus, and Penicillium, 13 species, including Cladosporium sphaerospermum, Cladosporium herbarum, Cladosporium halotolerans, Engyodontium album, Collariella bostrychodes, Stachybotrys xigazenensis, Ramularia eucalypti, Fusarium merismoides, Fusarium solani, Ochroconis musae, Mucor racemosus, Acremonium zonatum, and Acremonium persicinum were identified, and the selected species were described. Among these 13 species, Cladosporium was the most common species (43%) in indoor surfaces, followed by Ochroconis musae (10.8%) and Engyodontium album (7.4%). To the best of our knowledge, Stachybotrys xigazenensis was reported in the present study for the first time in Iran. In addition, E. album and O. musae were isolated for the first time from indoor surfaces in Iran. Conclusion: According to the results, the level of overall fungal richness across indoor surfaces was high. Some of the isolated taxa were clinically significant. It was concluded that the damp residential surfaces were potentially passive collectors of clinically significant molds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Habibi
- Department of Biodiversity, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran
| | - Banafsheh Safaiefarahani
- Plant Protection Research Department, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Shiraz, Iran
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Li X, Zhang X, Liu Q, Zhao W, Liu S, Sui G. Microfluidic System for Rapid Detection of Airborne Pathogenic Fungal Spores. ACS Sens 2018; 3:2095-2103. [PMID: 30264565 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.8b00615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Airborne fungi, including Aspergillus species, are the major causes of human asthma. Direct capture and analysis of pathogenic fungi in indoor air is important for disease prevention and control. In this paper, we demonstrated an integrated microfluidic system capable of enrichment and high-throughput detection for airborne fungal spores of Aspergillus niger, a well-known allergenic harmful species. The microfluidic system allowed semiquantitative detection of Aspergillus niger spores based on immunofluorescence analysis. To assess its contaminated level, the whole analysis time could be completed in 2-3 h including ∼1 h of enrichment and ∼1 h of target detection. The detection limit was ∼20 spores, equivalent to ∼300 spores·m-3 of the concerned targets in air. In addition, the microfluidic system has integrated sampling and sample analysis to avoid additional sample concentration step, showing the potential for point-of-care detection for other pathogenic fungal spores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxu Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Xinlian Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Qi Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Wang Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Sixiu Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Guodong Sui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, No. 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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Sharma A, Gilbert JA. Microbial exposure and human health. Curr Opin Microbiol 2018; 44:79-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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