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Tzeng YL, Sannigrahi S, Borrow R, Stephens DS. Neisseria gonorrhoeae lipooligosaccharide glycan epitopes recognized by bactericidal IgG antibodies elicited by the meningococcal group B-directed vaccine, MenB-4C. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1350344. [PMID: 38440731 PMCID: PMC10909805 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1350344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) of Neisseria meningitidis in the group B-directed vaccine MenB-4C (BexseroR) protect against infections with Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The immunological basis for protection remains unclear. N. meningitidis OMV vaccines generate human antibodies to N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae lipooligosaccharide (LOS/endotoxin), but the structural specificity of these LOS antibodies is not defined. Methods Ten paired human sera obtained pre- and post-MenB-4C immunization were used in Western blots to probe N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae LOS. Post-MenB-4C sera (7v5, 19v5, and 17v5), representing individual human variability in LOS recognition, were then used to interrogate structurally defined LOSs of N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae strains and mutants and studied in bactericidal assays. Results and discussion Post-MenB-4C sera recognized both N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae LOS species, ~10% of total IgG to gonococcal OMV antigens. N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae LOSs were broadly recognized by post-IgG antibodies, but with individual variability for LOS structures. Deep truncation of LOS, specifically a rfaK mutant without α-, β-, or γ-chain glycosylation, eliminated LOS recognition by all post-vaccine sera. Serum 7v5 IgG antibodies recognized the unsialyated L1 α-chain, and a 3-PEA-HepII or 6-PEA-HepII was part of the conformational epitope. Replacing the 3-PEA on HepII with a 3-Glc blocked 7v5 IgG antibody recognition of N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae LOSs. Serum 19v5 recognized lactoneotetrose (LNT) or L1 LOS-expressing N. meningitidis or N. gonorrhoeae with a minimal α-chain structure of Gal-Glc-HepI (L8), a 3-PEA-HepII or 6-PEA-HepII was again part of the conformational epitope and a 3-Glc-HepII blocked 19v5 antibody binding. Serum 17v5 LOS antibodies recognized LNT or L1 α-chains with a minimal HepI structure of three sugars and no requirement for HepII modifications. These LOS antibodies contributed to the serum bactericidal activity against N. gonorrhoeae. The MenB-4C vaccination elicits bactericidal IgG antibodies to N. gonorrhoeae conformational epitopes involving HepI and HepII glycosylated LOS structures shared between N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae. LOS structures should be considered in next-generation gonococcal vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yih-Ling Tzeng
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Soma Sannigrahi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Ray Borrow
- Meningococcal Reference Unit, UK Health Security Agency, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - David S. Stephens
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
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Mubaiwa TD, Semchenko EA, Hartley-Tassell LE, Day CJ, Jennings MP, Seib KL. The sweet side of the pathogenic Neisseria: the role of glycan interactions in colonisation and disease. Pathog Dis 2017; 75:3867065. [PMID: 28633281 PMCID: PMC5808653 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftx063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycomics is a rapidly growing field that focuses on the structure and function of carbohydrates (glycans) in biological systems. Glycan interactions play a major role in infectious disease, at all stages of colonisation and disease progression. Neisseria meningitidis, the cause of meningococcal sepsis and meningitis, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, which causes the sexually transmitted infection gonorrhoea, are responsible for significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Neisseria meningitidis displays a range of surface glycosylations including capsule polysaccharide, lipooligosaccharide and O-linked glycoproteins. While N. gonorrhoeae does not have a capsule, it does express both lipooligosaccharide and O-linked glycoproteins. Neisseria gonorrhoeae also has the ability to scavenge host sialic acids, while several N. meningitidis serogroups can synthesise sialic acid. Surface expressed sialic acid is key in serum resistance and survival in the host. On the host side, the pathogenic Neisseria protein adhesins such as Opc and NHBA bind to host glycans for adherence and colonisation of host cells. Essentially, from both the bacterial and host perspective, glycan interactions are fundamental in colonisation and disease of pathogenic Neisseria. The key aspects of glycobiology of the pathogenic Neisseria are reviewed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsitsi D. Mubaiwa
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Evgeny A. Semchenko
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | | | - Christopher J. Day
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Michael P. Jennings
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Kate L. Seib
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
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3
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Brandtzaeg P, Bjerre A, Øvstebø R, Brusletto B, Joø GB, Kierulf P. Invited review: Neisseria meningitidis lipopolysaccharides in human pathology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/09680519010070060401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Neisseria meningitidis causes meningitis, fulminant septicemia or mild meningococcemia attacking mainly children and young adults. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) consist of a symmetrical hexa-acyl lipid A and a short oligosaccharide chain and are classified in 11 immunotypes. Lipid A is the primary toxic component of N. meningitidis . LPS levels in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid as determined by Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) assay are quantitatively closely associated with inflammatory mediators, clinical symptoms, and outcome. Patients with persistent septic shock, multiple organ failure, and severe coagulopathy reveal extraordinarily high levels of LPS in plasma. The cytokine production is compartmentalized to either the circulation or to the subarachnoid space. Mortality related to shock increases from 0% to > 80% with a 10-fold increase of plasma LPS from 10 to 100 endotoxin units/ml. Hemorrhagic skin lesions and thrombosis are caused by up-regulation of tissue factor which induces coagulation, and by inhibition of fibrinolysis by plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1). Effective antibiotic treatment results in a rapid decline of plasma LPS (half-life 1—3 h) and cytokines, and reduced generation of thrombin, and PAI-1. Early antibiotic treatment is mandatory. Three intervention trials to block lipid A have not significantly reduced the mortality of meningococcal septicemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petter Brandtzaeg
- Department of Pediatrics, UllevÅl University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,
| | - Anna Bjerre
- Department of Pediatrics, UllevÅl University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway, Department of Clinical Chemistry, UllevÅl University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Reidun Øvstebø
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, UllevÅl University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Berit Brusletto
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, UllevÅl University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gun Britt Joø
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, UllevÅl University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Peter Kierulf
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, UllevÅl University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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John CM, Phillips NJ, Din R, Liu M, Rosenqvist E, Høiby EA, Stein DC, Jarvis GA. Lipooligosaccharide Structures of Invasive and Carrier Isolates of Neisseria meningitidis Are Correlated with Pathogenicity and Carriage. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:3224-38. [PMID: 26655715 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.666214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The degree of phosphorylation and phosphoethanolaminylation of lipid A on neisserial lipooligosaccharide (LOS), a major cell-surface antigen, can be correlated with inflammatory potential and the ability to induce immune tolerance in vitro. On the oligosaccharide of the LOS, the presence of phosphoethanolamine and sialic acid substituents can be correlated with in vitro serum resistance. In this study, we analyzed the structure of the LOS from 40 invasive isolates and 25 isolates from carriers of Neisseria meningitidis without disease. Invasive strains were classified as groups 1-3 that caused meningitis, septicemia without meningitis, and septicemia with meningitis, respectively. Intact LOS was analyzed by high resolution matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Prominent peaks for lipid A fragment ions with three phosphates and one phosphoethanolamine were detected in all LOS analyzed. LOS from groups 2 and 3 had less abundant ions for highly phosphorylated lipid A forms and induced less TNF-α in THP-1 monocytic cells compared with LOS from group 1. Lipid A from all invasive strains was hexaacylated, whereas lipid A of 6/25 carrier strains was pentaacylated. There were fewer O-acetyl groups and more phosphoethanolamine and sialic acid substitutions on the oligosaccharide from invasive compared with carrier isolates. Bioinformatic and genomic analysis of LOS biosynthetic genes indicated significant skewing to specific alleles, dependent on the disease outcome. Our results suggest that variable LOS structures have multifaceted effects on homeostatic innate immune responses that have critical impact on the pathophysiology of meningococcal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constance M John
- From the Center for Immunochemistry, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California 94121, the Departments of Laboratory Medicine and
| | | | - Richard Din
- From the Center for Immunochemistry, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California 94121
| | - Mingfeng Liu
- From the Center for Immunochemistry, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California 94121, the Departments of Laboratory Medicine and
| | - Einar Rosenqvist
- the Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P. O. Box 4404, Nydalen, 0403 Oslo, Norway, and
| | - E Arne Høiby
- the Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P. O. Box 4404, Nydalen, 0403 Oslo, Norway, and
| | - Daniel C Stein
- the Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742
| | - Gary A Jarvis
- From the Center for Immunochemistry, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California 94121, the Departments of Laboratory Medicine and
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Quattroni P, Li Y, Lucchesi D, Lucas S, Hood DW, Herrmann M, Gabius HJ, Tang CM, Exley RM. Galectin-3 binds Neisseria meningitidis and increases interaction with phagocytic cells. Cell Microbiol 2012; 14:1657-75. [PMID: 22827322 PMCID: PMC3749814 DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-5822.2012.01838.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Revised: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Galectin-3 is expressed and secreted by immune cells and has been implicated in multiple aspects of the inflammatory response. It is a glycan binding protein which can exert its functions within cells or exogenously by binding cell surface ligands, acting as a molecular bridge or activating signalling pathways. In addition, this lectin has been shown to bind to microorganisms. In this study we investigated the interaction between galectin-3 and Neisseria meningitidis, an important extracellular human pathogen, which is a leading cause of septicaemia and meningitis. Immunohistochemical analysis indicated that galectin-3 is expressed during meningococcal disease and colocalizes with bacterial colonies in infected tissues from patients. We show that galectin-3 binds to N. meningitidis and we demonstrate that this interaction requiresfull-length, intact lipopolysaccharide molecules. We found that neither exogenous nor endogenous galectin-3 contributes to phagocytosis of N. meningitidis; instead exogenous galectin-3 increases adhesion to monocytes and macrophages but not epithelial cells. Finally we used galectin-3 deficient (Gal-3(-/-) ) mice to evaluate the contribution of galectin-3 to meningococcal bacteraemia. We found that Gal-3(-/-) mice had significantly lower levels of bacteraemia compared with wild-type mice after challenge with live bacteria, indicating that galectin-3 confers an advantage to N. meningitidis during systemic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Quattroni
- Centre for Molecular Microbiology and Infection, Department of Microbiology, Flowers Building, Armstrong Road, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Yanwen Li
- Centre for Molecular Microbiology and Infection, Department of Microbiology, Flowers Building, Armstrong Road, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Davide Lucchesi
- Centre for Molecular Microbiology and Infection, Department of Microbiology, Flowers Building, Armstrong Road, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian Lucas
- Department of Histopathology, KCL School of Medicine, North Wing, St. Thomas’s Hospital, Lambeth Palace Road, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Derek W. Hood
- Department of Paediatrics, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Herrmann
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Krankenhausstrasse 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Chair of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstrasse 13, D-80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph M. Tang
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RE, United Kingdom
- Centre for Molecular Microbiology and Infection, Department of Microbiology, Flowers Building, Armstrong Road, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel M. Exley
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RE, United Kingdom
- Centre for Molecular Microbiology and Infection, Department of Microbiology, Flowers Building, Armstrong Road, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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Cheng H, Yang Z, Estabrook MM, John CM, Jarvis GA, McLaughlin S, Griffiss JM. Human lipooligosaccharide IGG that prevents endemic meningococcal disease recognizes an internal lacto-N-neotetraose structure. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:43622-43633. [PMID: 22027827 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.291583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies that initiate complement-mediated killing of Neisseria meningitidis as they enter the bloodstream from the oropharynx protect against disseminated disease. Human IgGs that bind the neisserial L7 lipooligosaccharide (LOS) are bactericidal for L3,7 and L2,4 meningococci in the presence of human complement. These strains share a lacto-N-neotetraose (nLc4) LOS α chain. We used a set of mutants that have successive saccharide deletions from the nLc4 α chain to characterize further the binding and bactericidal activity of nLc4 LOS IgG. We found that the nLc4 α chain conforms at least four different antigens. We separately purified IgG that required the nLc4 (non-reducing) terminal galactose (Gal) for binding and IgG that bound the truncated nLc3 α chain that lacks this Gal residue. IgG that bound the internal nLc3 α chain killed both L3,7 and L2,4 strains, whereas IgG that required the nLc4 terminal Gal residue for binding killed L2,4 stains but not L3,7 strains. These results show that the diversity of LOS antibodies in human serum is as much a function of the conformation of multiple antigens by a single glycoform as of the production of multiple glycoforms. Differences in sensitivity to killing by human nLc4 LOS IgG may account for the fact that fully two-thirds of endemic group B meningococcal disease in infants and children is caused by L3,7 strains, but only 20% is caused by L2,4 stains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Cheng
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California 94121
| | - Zhijie Yang
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California 94121
| | - Michele M Estabrook
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California 94121; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, California 94121
| | - Constance M John
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California 94121
| | - Gary A Jarvis
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California 94121; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94121
| | | | - J McLeod Griffiss
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California 94121; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94121.
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Importance of antibodies to lipopolysaccharide in natural and vaccine-induced serum bactericidal activity against Neisseria meningitidis group B. Infect Immun 2011; 79:4146-56. [PMID: 21768280 DOI: 10.1128/iai.05125-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Analysis of the specificity of bactericidal antibodies in normal, convalescent, and postvaccination human sera is important in understanding human immunity to meningococcal infections and can aid in the design of an effective group B vaccine. A collection of human sera, including group C and group B convalescent-phase sera, normal sera with naturally occurring cross-reactive bactericidal activity, and some postvaccination sera, was analyzed to determine the specificity of cross-reactive bactericidal antibodies. Analysis of human sera using a bactericidal antibody depletion assay demonstrated that a significant portion of the bactericidal activity could be removed by purified lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS homologous to that expressed on the bactericidal test strain was most effective, but partial depletion by heterologous LPS suggested the presence of antibodies with various degrees of cross-reactivity. Binding of anti-L3,7 LPS bactericidal antibodies was affected by modification of the core structure, suggesting that these functional antibodies recognized epitopes consisting of both core structures and lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT). When the target strain was grown with 5'-cytidinemonophospho-N-acetylneuraminic acid (CMP-NANA) to increase LPS sialylation, convalescent-phase serum bactericidal titers were decreased by only 2- to 4-fold, and most remaining bactericidal activity was still depleted by LPS. Highly sialylated LPS was ineffective in depleting bactericidal antibodies. We conclude that natural infections caused by strains expressing L3,7 LPS induce persistent, protective bactericidal antibodies and appear to be directed against nonsialylated bacterial epitopes. Additionally, subsets of these bactericidal antibodies are cross-reactive, binding to several different LPS immunotypes, which is a useful characteristic for an effective group B meningococcal vaccine antigen.
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Abstract
Lipopolysaccharides are the major components on the surface of most Gram-negative bacteria, and recognized by immune cells as a pathogen-associated molecule. They can cause severe diseases like sepsis and therefore known as endotoxins. Lipopolysaccharide consists of lipid A, core oligosaccharide and O-antigen repeats. Lipid A is responsible for the major bioactivity of endotoxin. Because of their specific structure and amphipathic property, purification and analysis of lipopolysaccharides are difficult. In this chapter, we summarize the available approaches for extraction, purification and analysis of lipopolysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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Mistretta N, Seguin D, Thiébaud J, Vialle S, Blanc F, Brossaud M, Talaga P, Norheim G, Moreau M, Rokbi B. Genetic and structural characterization of L11 lipooligosaccharide from Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A strains. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:19874-83. [PMID: 20421293 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.100636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The lipooligosaccharide (LOS) of immunotype L11 is unique within serogroup A meningococci. In order to resolve its molecular structure, we conducted LOS genotyping by PCR analysis of genes responsible for alpha-chain sugar addition (lgtA, -B, -C, -E, -H, and -F) and inner core substituents (lgtG, lpt-3, and lpt-6). For this study, we selected seven strains belonging to subgroup III, a major clonal complex responsible for meningococcal meningitis epidemics in Africa. In addition, we sequenced the homopolymeric tract regions of three phase-variable genes (lgtA, lgtG, and lot-3) to predict gene functionality. The fine structure of the L11 LOS of each strain was determined using composition and glycosyl linkage analyses, NMR, and mass spectrometry. The masses of the dephosphorylated oligosaccharides were consistent with an oligosaccharide composed of two hexoses, one N-acetyl-hexosamine, two heptoses, and one KDO, as proposed previously. The molar composition of LOS showed two glucose residues to be present, in agreement with lgtH sequence prediction. Despite phosphoethanolaminetransferase genes lpt-3 and lpt-6 being present in all seven Neisseria meningitidis strains, phosphoethanolamine (PEtn) was found at both O-3 and O-6 of HepII among the three ST-5 strains, whereas among the four ST-7 strains, only one PEtn was found and located at O-3 of the HepII. The L11 LOS was found to be O-acetylated, as was indicated by the presence of the lot-3 gene being in-frame in all of the seven N. meningitidis strains. To our knowledge, these studies represent the first full genetic and structural characterization of the L11 LOS of N. meningitidis. These investigations also suggest the presence of further regulatory mechanisms affecting LOS structure microheterogeneity in N. meningitidis related to PEtn decoration of the inner core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noëlle Mistretta
- Sanofi Pasteur, 1541 Avenue Marcel Mérieux, 69280 Marcy l'Etoile, France
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Belo EF, Farhat CK, De Gaspari EN. Comparison of dot-ELISA and standard ELISA for detection of Neisseria meningitidis outer membrane complex–specific antibodies. Braz J Infect Dis 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1413-8670(10)70008-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Tsai CM, Jankowska-Stephens E, Mizanur RM, Cipollo JF. The Fine Structure of Neisseria meningitidis Lipooligosaccharide from the M986 Strain and Three of Its Variants. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:4616-25. [DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m808209200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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John CM, Liu M, Jarvis GA. Profiles of structural heterogeneity in native lipooligosaccharides of Neisseria and cytokine induction. J Lipid Res 2008; 50:424-438. [PMID: 18832773 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m800184-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fine differences in the phosphorylation and acylation of lipooligosaccharide (LOS) from Neisseria species are thought to profoundly influence the virulence of the organisms and the innate immune responses of the host, such as signaling through toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM). MALDI time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry was used to characterize heterogeneity in the native LOS from Neisseria gonorrheae and N. meningitidis. A sample preparation methodology previously reported for Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) employing deposition of untreated LOS on a thin layer of a film composed of 2,4,6-trihydroxyacetophenone and nitrocellulose was used. Prominent peaks were observed corresponding to molecular ions and to fragment ions primarily formed by cleavage between the 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo) and the lipid A (LA). Analyses of these data and comparison with spectra of the corresponding O-deacylated or hydrogen fluoride-treated LOS enabled the detection of novel species that apparently differed by the expression of up to three phosphates with one or more phosphoethanolamine (PEA) groups on the LA. We found that the heterogeneity profile of acylation and phosphorylation correlates with the induction of proinflammatory cytokines in THP-1 monocytic cells. This methodology enabled us to rapidly profile components of structural variants of native LOS that are of importance biologically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constance M John
- Center for Immunochemistry, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 4150 Clement Street, San Francisco, CA, 94121
| | - Mingfeng Liu
- Center for Immunochemistry, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 4150 Clement Street, San Francisco, CA, 94121
| | - Gary A Jarvis
- Center for Immunochemistry, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 4150 Clement Street, San Francisco, CA, 94121; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143.
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O'Connor ET, Swanson KV, Cheng H, Fluss K, Griffiss JM, Stein DC. Structural Requirements for Monoclonal Antibody 2-1-L8 Recognition of Neisserial Lipooligosaccharides. Hybridoma (Larchmt) 2008; 27:71-9. [DOI: 10.1089/hyb.2007.0552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ellen T. O'Connor
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Karen V. Swanson
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Veterans Affairs, VA Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Hui Cheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Veterans Affairs, VA Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Kathryn Fluss
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - J. McLeod Griffiss
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Veterans Affairs, VA Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Daniel C. Stein
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
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Specificity of subcapsular antibody responses in Ethiopian patients following disease caused by serogroup A meningococci. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2008; 15:863-71. [PMID: 18337382 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00252-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Dissecting the specificities of human antibody responses following disease caused by serogroup A meningococci may be important for the development of improved vaccines. We performed a study of Ethiopian patients during outbreaks in 2002 and 2003. Sera were obtained from 71 patients with meningitis caused by bacteria of sequence type 7, as confirmed by PCR or culture, and from 113 Ethiopian controls. Antibody specificities were analyzed by immunoblotting (IB) against outer membrane antigen extracts of a reference strain and of the patients' own isolates and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels against lipooligosaccharide (LOS) L11 and the proteins NadA and NspA. IB revealed that the main antigens targeted were the proteins PorA, PorB, RmpM, and Opa/OpcA, as well as LOS. MenA disease induced significant increases in IgG against LOS L11 and NadA. The IgG levels against LOS remained elevated following disease, whereas the IgG anti-NadA levels returned to acute-phase levels in the late convalescent phase. Among adults, the anti-LOS IgG levels were similar in acute-phase patient sera as in control sera, whereas anti-NadA IgG levels were significantly higher in acute-phase sera than in controls. The IgG antibody levels against LOS and NadA correlated moderately but significantly with serum bactericidal activity against MenA strains. Future studies on immune response during MenA disease should take into account the high levels of anti-MenA polysaccharide IgG commonly found in the population and seek to clarify the role of antibodies against subcapsular antigens in protection against MenA disease.
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Norheim G, Rosenqvist E, Aseffa A, Yassin MA, Mengistu G, Kassu A, Fikremariam D, Tamire W, Høiby EA, Alebel T, Berhanu D, Merid Y, Harboe M, Caugant DA. Characterization of Neisseria meningitidis isolates from recent outbreaks in Ethiopia and comparison with those recovered during the epidemic of 1988 to 1989. J Clin Microbiol 2006; 44:861-71. [PMID: 16517868 PMCID: PMC1393097 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.44.3.861-871.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2005] [Revised: 09/16/2005] [Accepted: 11/18/2005] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to collect and characterize epidemic meningococcal isolates from Ethiopia from 2002 to 2003 and to compare them to 21 strains recovered during the previous large epidemic of 1988 to 1989. Ninety-five patients in all age groups with clinical signs of meningitis and a turbid cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sample were included in the study of isolates from 2002 to 2003. Seventy-one patients (74.7%) were confirmed as having Neisseria meningitidis either by culture (n = 40) or by porA PCR (n = 31) of their CSF. The overall case fatality rate (CFR) was 11.6%; the N. meningitidis-specific CFR was 4.2%. All 40 strains were fully susceptible to all antibiotics tested except sulfonamide, were serotyped as A:4/21:P1.20,9, and belonged to sequence type 7 (ST-7). The strains from 1988 to 1989 were also equally susceptible and were characterized as A:4/21:P1.20,9, but they belonged to ST-5. Antigenic characterization of the strains revealed differences in the repertoire of lipooligosaccharides and Opa proteins between the old and the recent strains. PCR analysis of the nine lgt genes revealed the presence of the lgtAHFG genes in both old and recent strains; lgtB was present in only some of the strains, but no correlation with sequence type was observed. Further analysis showed that in addition to their pgm alleles, the Ethiopian ST-5 and ST-7 strains also differed in their tbpB, opa, fetA, and lgtA genes. The occurrence of new antigenic structures in strains sharing the same serogroup, PorA, and PorB may help explain the replacement of ST-5 by ST-7 in the African meningitis belt.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Base Sequence
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- DNA, Bacterial/genetics
- Disease Outbreaks/history
- Ethiopia/epidemiology
- Female
- Genes, Bacterial
- Genotype
- History, 20th Century
- History, 21st Century
- Humans
- Infant
- Male
- Meningitis, Meningococcal/epidemiology
- Meningitis, Meningococcal/history
- Meningitis, Meningococcal/microbiology
- Middle Aged
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Neisseria meningitidis, Serogroup A/classification
- Neisseria meningitidis, Serogroup A/genetics
- Neisseria meningitidis, Serogroup A/isolation & purification
- Phenotype
- Serotyping
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnstein Norheim
- Division of Infectious Disease Control, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404, Nydalen, NO-0403 Oslo, Norway
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16
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Norheim G, Aase A, Caugant DA, Høiby EA, Fritzsønn E, Tangen T, Kristiansen P, Heggelund U, Rosenqvist E. Development and characterisation of outer membrane vesicle vaccines against serogroup A Neisseria meningitidis. Vaccine 2005; 23:3762-74. [PMID: 15893613 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2004] [Revised: 02/17/2005] [Accepted: 02/25/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Neisseria meningitidis bacteria of serogroup A are causing recurring meningitis epidemics on the African continent. An outer membrane vesicle (OMV) vaccine against serogroup A meningococci made from a subgroup III serogroup A meningococcal strain was previously shown to induce antibodies with serum bactericidal activity (SBA) in mice. We have here further investigated the properties of OMV vaccines made from five different subgroup III serogroup A meningococcal strains grown in a synthetic medium with low iron content. In addition to the major outer membrane proteins (PorA, PorB, RmpM, Opa and OpcA), small amounts of the NadA, TdfH, Omp85, FetA, FbpA and NspA outer membrane proteins, as well as lipooligosaccharides, were detected in the vaccines. The OMV vaccines were used to immunise mice. Anti-meningococcal IgG antibodies in the mouse sera were analysed by immunoblotting and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay against OMVs, and against live meningococcal cells in SBA and a flow-cytometric assay. The vaccines induced antibodies with high SBA and opsonophagocytic activity. The strongest IgG responses were directed against PorA. Significant SBA responses were also observed against a subgroup III strain, which did not express PorA, whereas no SBA was observed against a clone IV-1 serogroup A strain. An OMV vaccine from serogroup A meningococci may be an alternative to polysaccharide and conjugate polysaccharide vaccines for Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnstein Norheim
- Division of Infectious Disease Control, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404 Nydalen, NO-0403 Oslo, Norway
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17
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Norheim G, Arne Høiby E, Caugant DA, Namork E, Tangen T, Fritzsønn E, Rosenqvist E. Immunogenicity and bactericidal activity in mice of an outer membrane protein vesicle vaccine against Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A disease. Vaccine 2005; 22:2171-80. [PMID: 15149774 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2003.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2003] [Revised: 11/26/2003] [Accepted: 11/27/2003] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Serogroup A Neisseria meningitidis organisms of the subgroup III have caused epidemics of meningitis in sub-Saharan Africa since their introduction into the continent in 1987. The population structure of these bacteria is basically clonal, and these meningococci are strikingly similar in their major outer membrane antigens PorA and PorB. Protein-based vaccines might be an alternative to prevent epidemics caused by these meningococci; thus, we developed an outer membrane vesicle (OMV) vaccine from a serogroup A meningococcal strain of subgroup III. The serogroup A OMV vaccine was highly immunogenic in mice and elicited significant bactericidal activity towards several other serogroup A meningococci of subgroup III. The IgG antibodies generated were in immunoblot shown to be mainly directed towards the PorA outer membrane protein. The results presented demonstrate the potential of an OMV vaccine as an optional strategy to protect against meningococcal disease caused by serogroup A in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnstein Norheim
- Division of Infectious Disease Control, Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH), PO Box 4404 Nydalen, NO-0403 Oslo, Norway
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18
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Braun JM, Beuth J, Blackwell CC, Giersen S, Higgins PG, Tzanakaki G, Unverhau H, Weir DM. Neisseria meningitidis, Neisseria lactamica and Moraxella catarrhalis share cross-reactive carbohydrate antigens. Vaccine 2004; 22:898-908. [PMID: 15040943 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2003.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Carriage of commensal bacteria species is associated with the development of natural immunity to meningococcal disease, with lipo-oligosaccharides (LOS) of meningococci being one of the main virulence factors associated with severity of meningococcal disease. Meningococcal reference strains and isolates from the commensal species Neisseria lactamica and Moraxella catarrhalis were assessed for the presence of cross-reactive glycoconjugate antigens. Binding of human blood group antibodies of the P and Ii system to meningococcal immunotype reference strains were in accordance with the presence of known LOS carbohydrate structures. Binding studies with meningococcal immunotyping antibodies and blood group phenotyping antibodies to N. lactamica strains from different European countries showed, that a greater number of isolates obtained from native Greek and Scottish adults and children bound anti-meningococcal L(3, 7, 9) immunotyping (P < 0.001), pK (P = 0.035) and paragloboside (P < 0.001) blood group typing antibodies compared to isolates obtained from children of Russian immigrants in Greece. A greater number of M. catarrhalis strains isolated from children in Scotland bound anti-L(3, 7, 9) antibodies (38.2%) compared to strains isolated from adults (22.2%) (P = 0.017). These findings provide evidence that blood group like glycoconjugate antigens found on the commensal species N. lactamica and M. catarrhalis might be involved in the development of natural immunity to meningococcal endotoxins during childhood, and might be exploited as anti-meningococcal vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan M Braun
- Institute for Scientific Evaluation of Naturopathy, University of Cologne, Robert Koch Str. 10, 50931 Cologne, Germany.
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19
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Pridmore AC, Jarvis GA, John CM, Jack DL, Dower SK, Read RC. Activation of toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4/MD2 by Neisseria is independent of capsule and lipooligosaccharide (LOS) sialylation but varies widely among LOS from different strains. Infect Immun 2003; 71:3901-8. [PMID: 12819075 PMCID: PMC161978 DOI: 10.1128/iai.71.7.3901-3908.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipooligosaccharide (LOS) structure and capsular polysaccharide of Neisseria meningitidis each greatly influence the virulence of the organism and the quality of host innate immune responses. In this study, we found that production of the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF) by a human monocyte-derived cell line (THP-1) exposed to strains of N. meningitidis lacking capsule and/or with truncated LOS was similar to that elicited by the isogenic wild-type strain. These mutants also exhibited no difference in induction of the interleukin-8 (IL-8) promoter in a transfected HeLa cell system of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4/MD2 signaling. However, purified LOS from diverse strains of Neisseria (both N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae) caused widely variant levels of IL-8 promoter induction in cells expressing MD2 that correlated with the production of TNF from THP-1 cells. These data suggest that although modification of the oligosaccharide chain of LOS and/or absence of capsule do not affect cell signaling mediated by TLR4/MD2, fine-structural differences in the LOS do influence signaling through TLR4/MD2 and, through this pathway, influence some of the proinflammatory responses elicited by Neisseria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison C Pridmore
- Division of Genomic Medicine, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, United Kingdom
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20
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Tsai CM, Kao G, Zhu P. Influence of the length of the lipooligosaccharide alpha chain on its sialylation in Neisseria meningitidis. Infect Immun 2002; 70:407-11. [PMID: 11748209 PMCID: PMC127647 DOI: 10.1128/iai.70.1.407-411.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The sialylation of lipooligosaccharide (LOS) in Neisseria meningitidis plays a role in the resistance of the organism to killing by normal human serum. The length of the alpha chain extending out from the heptose I [Hep (I)] moiety of LOS influenced sialylation of N. meningitidis LOS in vitro and in vivo. The alpha chain required a terminal Gal and a trisaccharide or longer oligosaccharide to serve as an acceptor for sialylation. The disaccharide lactose (Galbeta1-4Glc) in the alpha chain of immunotype L8 LOS could not function as an acceptor for the sialyltransferase, probably due to steric hindrance imposed by the neighboring Hep (II) with phosphorylethanolamine and another group attached.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Ming Tsai
- Division of Bacterial, Parasitic, and Allergenic Products, Center for Biologics, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
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21
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Tsai CM. Molecular Mimicry of Host Structures by Lipooligosaccharides of Neisseria Meningitidis: Characterization of Sialylated and Nonsialylated Lacto-N-Neotetraose (Galß1-4GlcNAcß1-3Galβ1-4Glc) Structures in Lipooligosaccharides Using Monoclonal Antibodies and Specific Lectins. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2001; 491:525-42. [PMID: 14533820 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-1267-7_35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Neisseria meningitidis lipooligosaccharides (LOSs) are classified into 12 immunotypes. Most LOSs are heterogeneous in having a few components by SDS-PAGE analysis that differ antigenically and chemically. We have utilized a monoclonal antibody that recognizes lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT) and the lectin, Maackia amurensis leukoagglutinin (MAL), which is specific for NeuNAcalpha2-3Galbeta1-4GlcNAc trisacchride sequence to characterize the 12 N. meningitidis LOSs. Using the combination of ELISA, SDS-PAGE, Western blotting, and other chemical analyses, we have shown that the LNnT (Galbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta1-3Galbeta1-4Glc) sequence was present in the 4.0-kDa LOS components of seven immunotype LOSs seen on SDS-PAGE. Six of the seven LNnT-containing LOSs also bound the MAL lectin indicating that N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuNAc) was alpha2,3-linked to the LNnT sequence in the LOSs. Sialylation of the terminal Gal of LNnT-containing 4.0-kDa component caused only a slight increase in its apparent MW to 4100 on SDS-PAGE. The one LOS with the LNnT-containing component, but not MAL-binding, was from a Group A N. meningitidis, which does not synthesize CMP-NeuNAc, the substrate needed for LOS sialylation. Thus, it is concluded (1) a common LNnT sequence is present in seven immunotype LOSs in addition to their immunotype epitopes, and (2) NeuNAc is alpha2 --> 3 linked to the terminal Gal of LNnT if a organism synthesizes CMP-NeuNAc such as Groups B and C organisms. The above conclusions are consistent with the published structures of N. meningitidis LOSs. The results also demonstrate that specific carbohydrate-binding lectins and monoclonal antibodies can be used as simple yet effective tools to characterize specific carbohydrate sequences in a bacterial LOS or LPS such as N. meningitidis LOS. It is intriguing that N. meningitidis LOSs mimic certain glycosphingolipids, such as paragloboside (LNnT-ceramide) and sialylparagloboside, and some glycoproteins of the host in having LNnT and N-acetyllactosamine sequences respectively with or without alpha2 --> 3 linked NeuNAc. Epidemiological studies of N. meningitidis suggest that the molecular mimicry of host structures by its LOS plays a role in the pathogenesis of N. meningitidis by helping the organism to evade host immune defenses in man. The molecular mimicry of host structures by LOS or LPS is also found in other human pathogens such as N. gonorrhoeae, Haemophilus ducreyi, H. influenaze, Moraxella catarrhalis, Campylobacter jejuni, and Helicobacter pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Tsai
- Division of Bacterial Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, FDA, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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22
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Tsai CM, Chen WH, Balakonis PA. Characterization of terminal NeuNAcalpha2-3Galbeta1-4GlcNAc sequence in lipooligosaccharides of Neisseria meningitidis. Glycobiology 1998; 8:359-65. [PMID: 9499383 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/8.4.359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Group B and C Neisseria meningitidis are the major cause of meningococcal disease in the United States and in Europe. N . meningitidis lipooligosaccharide (LOS), a major surface antigen, can be divided into 12 immunotypes of which L1 through L8 were found among Group B and C organisms. Groups B and C but not Group A may sialylate their LOSs with N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuNAc) at the nonreducing end because they synthesize CMP-NeuNAc. Using sialic acid-galactose binding lectins as probes in an ELISA format, six of the eight LOS immunotypes (L2, L3, L4, L5, L7, and L8) in Groups B and C bound specifically to Maackia amurensis leukoagglutinin (MAL), which recognizes NeuNAcalpha2-3Galbeta1-4GlcNAc/Glc sequence, but not to Sambucus nigra agglutinin, which binds NeuNAcalpha2-6Gal sequence. The combination of SDS-PAGE and MAL-blot analyses revealed that these six LOSs contained only the NeuNAcalpha2-3Galbeta1-4GlcNAc trisaccharide sequence in their 4.1 kDa LOS components, which have a common terminal lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT, Galbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta1-3Galbeta1-4Glc) structure when nonsialylated as shown by previous studies. The LOS-lectin binding was abolished when the LOSs were treated with Newcastle disease viral neuraminidase which cleaves alpha2-->3 linked sialic acid. Methylation analysis of a representative LOS (L2) confirmed that NeuNAc is 2-->3 linked to Gal. Thus, these LOSs structurally mimic certain glycolipids, i.e., paragloboside (LNnT-ceramide) and sialylparagloboside and some glycoproteins in having LNnT and N-acetyllactosamine sequences, respectively, with or without alpha2-->3 linked NeuNAc. The molecular mimicry of the LOSs may play a role in the pathogenesis of N.meningitidis by assisting the organism to evade host immune defenses in man.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Tsai
- Division of Bacterial Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, FDA, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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23
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Rune Andersen S, Kolberg J, Høiby EA, Namork E, Caugant DA, Oddvar Frøholm L, Jantzen E, Bjune G. Lipopolysaccharide heterogeneity and escape mechanisms of Neisseria meningitidis: possible consequences for vaccine development. Microb Pathog 1997; 23:139-55. [PMID: 9281472 DOI: 10.1006/mpat.1997.0143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We wanted to compare the potential protective capacity of antibodies to meningococcal lipopolysaccharides (LPS). The frequency of occurrence and degree of expression of the epitopes recognized by murine monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to immunotypes L3,7,9 (9-2-L379) and L8 (2-1-L8) and to the LPS inner core (216-Lc and 217-Lc), were determined among 77 consecutive Norwegian meningococcal patient isolates from 1995. The immunotype L3,7,9 was strongly expressed by 95% of the isolates, whereas L8 was weakly to moderately expressed by 9%. The inner core epitopes, were widely distributed among the serogroup B organisms, but were proved weakly expressed. The bactericidal activity of the four MAbs to various selected strains, was found to correlate positively with the quantity of the LPS epitopes recognized by these four MAbs in the bacteria. When tested in the serum bactericidal assay (SBA), often a few percent of the colonies of the inocula survived high concentrations of the MAbs. The results indicate that escape from the bactericidal action could be achieved through: (i) selection of variants not expressing the LPS-epitope of the actual MAb, (ii) a relative reduction in the density of the LPS-epitope achieved by dilution with another LPS structure or (iii) other factors, not yet understood. In conclusion, antibodies to the L3,7,9 epitope seem to be of importance for protection, whereas antibodies to the epitopes of the LPS inner core or immunotype L8, are not likely to offer protection alone. However, in order to prevent escape through alteration of the LPS pattern of the microbes, various LPS structures should probably be present in the OMV vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rune Andersen
- Department of Vaccinology, National Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404 Torshov, Oslo, N-0403, Norway
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24
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Kogan G, Uhrín D, Brisson JR, Jennings HJ. Structural basis of the Neisseria meningitidis immunotypes including the L4 and L7 immunotypes. Carbohydr Res 1997; 298:191-9. [PMID: 9090813 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(96)00305-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The application of high-resolution 1H, 13C and 31P NMR and MS analyses to the oligosaccharide moieties of the L4 and L7 immunotypes of Neisseria meningitidis revealed that they had the following structures: [formula: see text] The fact that the L7 LPS is not sialylated at O-3 of its terminal beta-D-galactopyranosyl residue implies that it is a mutant strain unable to endogenously sialylate its lacto-N-neotetraose antenna. With the structural elucidation of the L4 and L7 LPS immunotypes, a more comprehensive structural profile of the LPS involved in disease isolates can now be assembled. This provides valuable insights into the structural basis of the N. meningitidis immunotyping system which could be of use in formulating an LPS-based vaccine against meningococcal meningitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Kogan
- Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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25
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Moore DF, Rosenfeld MR, Gribbon PM, Winlove CP, Tsai CM. Alpha-1-acid (AAG, orosomucoid) glycoprotein: interaction with bacterial lipopolysaccharide and protection from sepsis. Inflammation 1997; 21:69-82. [PMID: 9179623 DOI: 10.1023/a:1027342909423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In the acute phase response to a variety of insults a rise in the levels of the acute phase proteins, including elevations of serum alpha 1 acid glycoprotein (AAG) occurs. The physiological role of AAG is unknown, however, the time course of AAG production in the acute phase response together with its strong affinity for basic compounds suggests that AAG may function as an immune modulator to bind both exogenous and endogenous inflammatory mediators. Using E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an initiator of the acute inflammatory response associated with septic shock, we demonstrate that AAG-LPS complexes can activate mouse macrophages in vitro. In a mouse animal model of sepsis, AAG was shown to protect against meningococcal endotoxin. To pursue the mechanism of AAG action we demonstrated that AAG interacts directly with LPS using dynamic light scattering particle sizing and particle mobility. We also determined the enthalpy of interaction of AAG and LPS and showed that AAG leads to agglutination of LPS impregnated rabbit red blood cells. These studies suggest that AAG may function as an immune-modulator in the acute phase response, possibly by counter-regulating the activity of macrophage pro-inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- D F Moore
- Department of Neurology, Cornell University Medical Center, New York 10021, USA
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26
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Schauer R, Kamerling JP. Chemistry, biochemistry and biology of sialic acids ☆. NEW COMPREHENSIVE BIOCHEMISTRY 1997; 29. [PMCID: PMC7147860 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-7306(08)60624-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roland Schauer
- Biochemisches Institut, Christian-Albrechls-Universität zu Kiel, Germany
| | - Johannis P. Kamerling
- Bijuoet Center, Department of Bio-Organic Chemistry, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
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27
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28
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Andersen SR, Bryn K, Thorseng K, Jantzen E. Heterogeneity of lipopolysaccharides of Neisseria meningitidis revealed by thin-layer chromatography combined with monoclonal antibodies. J Microbiol Methods 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0167-7012(95)00105-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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29
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Borrelli S, Roggen EL, Hendriksen D, Jonasson J, Ahmed HJ, Piot P, Jansson PE, Lindberg AA. Monoclonal antibodies against Haemophilus lipopolysaccharides: clone DP8 specific for Haemophilus ducreyi and clone DH24 binding to lacto-N-neotetraose. Infect Immun 1995; 63:2665-73. [PMID: 7790083 PMCID: PMC173357 DOI: 10.1128/iai.63.7.2665-2673.1995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mouse monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) DP8 [immunoglobulin G1(kappa)] and DH24 [immunoglobulin M(kappa)], which are specific for Haemophilus ducreyi lipopolysaccharide (LPS), were generated by fusing mouse myeloma NS0 cells with spleen cells of BALB/c mice immunized with a total membrane preparation of H. ducreyi. MAb DP8 reacted in whole-cell enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and colony dot immunoblotting with all 50 strains of H. ducreyi but not with any other bacteria tested, which suggests an exposed and species-specific epitope on the H. ducreyi cell surface. This conclusion was supported by the finding that DP8 bound to all six H. ducreyi LPSs tested but not to any of the Haemophilus influenzae or enterobacterial LPSs or synthetic glycoconjugates. The MAb DH24 bound to 43 of 50 strains of H. ducreyi and to few strains of H. influenzae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Neisseria meningitidis, as evaluated by whole-cell EIA and colony dot immunoblotting. The MAb DH24 reacted with five of the six H. ducreyi LPSs tested and with the lacto-N-neotetraose (Gal beta 1-->4GlcNAc beta 1-->3Gal beta 1-->4Glc) series of synthetic glycoconjugates, as determined by EIA. By using polysaccharides obtained after both mild acidic hydrolysis and strong alkali treatment and dephosphorylated samples as inhibitors of the MAbs binding to H. ducreyi LPS antigens, it could be shown that phosphate groups were essential for the binding of DP8 to LPS but that they did not affect antigenic recognition by DH24. None of the MAbs bound to isolated lipid A, but aggregation caused by the fatty acids of lipid A was essential for epitope recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Borrelli
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology, Pathology and Infectious Diseases, Karolinska Institute, NOVUM, Huddinge, Sweden
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30
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Yamasaki R, Kerwood DE, Schneider H, Quinn KP, Griffiss JM, Mandrell RE. The structure of lipooligosaccharide produced by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, strain 15253, isolated from a patient with disseminated infection. Evidence for a new glycosylation pathway of the gonococcal lipooligosaccharide. J Biol Chem 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)43819-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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