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Sundaram B, Pandian N, Mall R, Wang Y, Sarkar R, Kim HJ, Malireddi RKS, Karki R, Janke LJ, Vogel P, Kanneganti TD. NLRP12-PANoptosome activates PANoptosis and pathology in response to heme and PAMPs. Cell 2023; 186:2783-2801.e20. [PMID: 37267949 PMCID: PMC10330523 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Cytosolic innate immune sensors are critical for host defense and form complexes, such as inflammasomes and PANoptosomes, that induce inflammatory cell death. The sensor NLRP12 is associated with infectious and inflammatory diseases, but its activating triggers and roles in cell death and inflammation remain unclear. Here, we discovered that NLRP12 drives inflammasome and PANoptosome activation, cell death, and inflammation in response to heme plus PAMPs or TNF. TLR2/4-mediated signaling through IRF1 induced Nlrp12 expression, which led to inflammasome formation to induce maturation of IL-1β and IL-18. The inflammasome also served as an integral component of a larger NLRP12-PANoptosome that drove inflammatory cell death through caspase-8/RIPK3. Deletion of Nlrp12 protected mice from acute kidney injury and lethality in a hemolytic model. Overall, we identified NLRP12 as an essential cytosolic sensor for heme plus PAMPs-mediated PANoptosis, inflammation, and pathology, suggesting that NLRP12 and molecules in this pathway are potential drug targets for hemolytic and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balamurugan Sundaram
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Nagakannan Pandian
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Raghvendra Mall
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Yaqiu Wang
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Roman Sarkar
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Hee Jin Kim
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | | | - Rajendra Karki
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Laura J Janke
- Animal Resources Center and the Veterinary Pathology Core, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Peter Vogel
- Animal Resources Center and the Veterinary Pathology Core, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
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2
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Gun SY, Claser C, Teo TH, Howland SW, Poh CM, Chye RRY, Ng LFP, Rénia L. Interferon regulatory factor 1 is essential for pathogenic CD8+ T cell migration and retention in the brain during experimental cerebral malaria. Cell Microbiol 2018; 20:e12819. [PMID: 29281764 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Host immune response has a key role in controlling the progression of malaria infection. In the well-established murine model of experimental cerebral malaria (ECM) with Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection, proinflammatory Th1 and CD8+ T cell response are essential for disease development. Interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1) is a transcription factor that promotes Th1 responses, and its absence was previously shown to protect from ECM death. Yet the exact mechanism of protection remains unknown. Here we demonstrated that IRF1-deficient mice (IRF1 knockout) were protected from ECM death despite displaying early neurological signs. Resistance to ECM death was a result of reduced parasite sequestration and pathogenic CD8+ T cells in the brain. Further analysis revealed that IRF1 deficiency suppress interferon-γ production and delayed CD8+ T cell proliferation. CXCR3 expression was found to be decreased in pathogenic CD8+ T cells, which limited their migration to the brain. In addition, reduced expression of adhesion molecules by brain endothelial cells hampered leucocyte retention in the brain. Taken together, these factors limited sequestration of pathogenic CD8+ T cells and consequently its ability to induce extensive damage to the blood-brain barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sin Yee Gun
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.,Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Carla Claser
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Teck Hui Teo
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Shanshan W Howland
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Chek Meng Poh
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.,Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rebecca Ren Ying Chye
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.,Department of Biological Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lisa F P Ng
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Laurent Rénia
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.,Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Tallam A, Perumal TM, Antony PM, Jäger C, Fritz JV, Vallar L, Balling R, del Sol A, Michelucci A. Gene Regulatory Network Inference of Immunoresponsive Gene 1 (IRG1) Identifies Interferon Regulatory Factor 1 (IRF1) as Its Transcriptional Regulator in Mammalian Macrophages. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149050. [PMID: 26872335 PMCID: PMC4752512 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunoresponsive gene 1 (IRG1) is one of the highest induced genes in macrophages under pro-inflammatory conditions. Its function has been recently described: it codes for immune-responsive gene 1 protein/cis-aconitic acid decarboxylase (IRG1/CAD), an enzyme catalysing the production of itaconic acid from cis-aconitic acid, a tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediate. Itaconic acid possesses specific antimicrobial properties inhibiting isocitrate lyase, the first enzyme of the glyoxylate shunt, an anaplerotic pathway that bypasses the TCA cycle and enables bacteria to survive on limited carbon conditions. To elucidate the mechanisms underlying itaconic acid production through IRG1 induction in macrophages, we examined the transcriptional regulation of IRG1. To this end, we studied IRG1 expression in human immune cells under different inflammatory stimuli, such as TNFα and IFNγ, in addition to lipopolysaccharides. Under these conditions, as previously shown in mouse macrophages, IRG1/CAD accumulates in mitochondria. Furthermore, using literature information and transcription factor prediction models, we re-constructed raw gene regulatory networks (GRNs) for IRG1 in mouse and human macrophages. We further implemented a contextualization algorithm that relies on genome-wide gene expression data to infer putative cell type-specific gene regulatory interactions in mouse and human macrophages, which allowed us to predict potential transcriptional regulators of IRG1. Among the computationally identified regulators, siRNA-mediated gene silencing of interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1) in macrophages significantly decreased the expression of IRG1/CAD at the gene and protein level, which correlated with a reduced production of itaconic acid. Using a synergistic approach of both computational and experimental methods, we here shed more light on the transcriptional machinery of IRG1 expression and could pave the way to therapeutic approaches targeting itaconic acid levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aravind Tallam
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Thaneer M. Perumal
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Paul M. Antony
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Christian Jäger
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Joëlle V. Fritz
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Laurent Vallar
- Genomics Research Laboratory, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Rudi Balling
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Antonio del Sol
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Alessandro Michelucci
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
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Gun SY, Claser C, Tan KSW, Rénia L. Interferons and interferon regulatory factors in malaria. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:243713. [PMID: 25157202 PMCID: PMC4124246 DOI: 10.1155/2014/243713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria is one of the most serious infectious diseases in humans and responsible for approximately 500 million clinical cases and 500 thousand deaths annually. Acquired adaptive immune responses control parasite replication and infection-induced pathologies. Most infections are clinically silent which reflects on the ability of adaptive immune mechanisms to prevent the disease. However, a minority of these can become severe and life-threatening, manifesting a range of overlapping syndromes of complex origins which could be induced by uncontrolled immune responses. Major players of the innate and adaptive responses are interferons. Here, we review their roles and the signaling pathways involved in their production and protection against infection and induced immunopathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sin Yee Gun
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore 138648
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228
| | - Carla Claser
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore 138648
| | - Kevin Shyong Wei Tan
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228
| | - Laurent Rénia
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore 138648
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228
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Berghout J, Langlais D, Radovanovic I, Tam M, MacMicking JD, Stevenson MM, Gros P. Irf8-regulated genomic responses drive pathological inflammation during cerebral malaria. PLoS Pathog 2013; 9:e1003491. [PMID: 23853600 PMCID: PMC3708918 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferon Regulatory Factor 8 (IRF8) is required for development, maturation and expression of anti-microbial defenses of myeloid cells. BXH2 mice harbor a severely hypomorphic allele at Irf8 (Irf8R294C) that causes susceptibility to infection with intracellular pathogens including Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We report that BXH2 are completely resistant to the development of cerebral malaria (ECM) following Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection. Comparative transcriptional profiling of brain RNA as well as chromatin immunoprecipitation and high-throughput sequencing (ChIP-seq) was used to identify IRF8-regulated genes whose expression is associated with pathological acute neuroinflammation. Genes increased by infection were strongly enriched for IRF8 binding sites, suggesting that IRF8 acts as a transcriptional activator in inflammatory programs. These lists were enriched for myeloid-specific pathways, including interferon responses, antigen presentation and Th1 polarizing cytokines. We show that inactivation of several of these downstream target genes (including the Irf8 transcription partner Irf1) confers protection against ECM. ECM-resistance in Irf8 and Irf1 mutants is associated with impaired myeloid and lymphoid cells function, including production of IL12p40 and IFNγ. We note strong overlap between genes bound and regulated by IRF8 during ECM and genes regulated in the lungs of M. tuberculosis infected mice. This IRF8-dependent network contains several genes recently identified as risk factors in acute and chronic human inflammatory conditions. We report a common core of IRF8-bound genes forming a critical inflammatory host-response network. Cerebral malaria is a severe and often lethal complication from infection with Plasmodium falciparum which is driven in part by pathological host inflammatory response to parasitized red cells′ adherence in the brain microvasculature. However, the pathways that initiate and amplify this pathological neuroinflammation are not well understood. As susceptibility to cerebral malaria is variable and has been shown to be partially heritable, we have studied this from a genetic perspective using a mouse model of infection with P. berghei which induces experimental cerebral malaria (ECM). Here we show that mice bearing mutations in the myeloid transcription factor IRF8 and its heterodimerization partner IRF1 are completely resistant to ECM. We have identified the genes and associated networks that are activated by IRF8 during ECM. Loss-of-function mutations of several IRF8 targets are also shown to be protective. Parallel analysis of lungs infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis show that IRF8-associated core pathways are also engaged during tuberculosis where they play a protective role. This contrast illustrates the balancing act required by the immune system to respond to pathogens and highlights a lynchpin role for IRF8 in both. Finally, several genes in these networks have been individually associated with chronic or acute inflammatory conditions in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Berghout
- Department of Biochemistry and Complex Traits Group, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - David Langlais
- Department of Biochemistry and Complex Traits Group, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Irena Radovanovic
- Department of Biochemistry and Complex Traits Group, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mifong Tam
- McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - John D. MacMicking
- Section of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | | | - Philippe Gros
- Department of Biochemistry and Complex Traits Group, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Mangano VD, Luoni G, Rockett KA, Sirima BS, Konaté A, Forton J, Clark TG, Bancone G, Sadighi Akha E, Akha ES, Kwiatkowski DP, Modiano D. Interferon regulatory factor-1 polymorphisms are associated with the control of Plasmodium falciparum infection. Genes Immun 2008; 9:122-9. [PMID: 18200030 PMCID: PMC2963926 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gene.6364456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2007] [Revised: 11/26/2007] [Accepted: 11/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We describe the haplotypic structure of the interferon regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1) locus in two West African ethnic groups, Fulani and Mossi, that differ in their susceptibility and immune response to Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Both populations showed significant associations between IRF-1 polymorphisms and carriage of P. falciparum infection, with different patterns of association that may reflect their different haplotypic architecture. Genetic variation at this locus does not therefore account for the Fulani-specific resistance to malaria while it could contribute to parasite clearance's ability in populations living in endemic areas. We then conducted a case-control study of three haplotype-tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (htSNPs) in 370 hospitalised malaria patients (160 severe and 210 uncomplicated) and 410 healthy population controls, all from the Mossi ethnic group. All three htSNPs showed correlation with blood infection levels in malaria patients, and the rs10065633 polymorphism was associated with severe disease (P=0.02). These findings provide the first evidence of the involvement in malaria susceptibility of a specific locus within the 5q31 region, previously shown to be linked with P. falciparum infection levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- V D Mangano
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Sanità Pubblica, Sezione di Parassitologia, Università di Roma 'La Sapienza', Rome, Italy.
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Angulo I, Fresno M. Cytokines in the pathogenesis of and protection against malaria. CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY 2002; 9:1145-52. [PMID: 12414742 PMCID: PMC130117 DOI: 10.1128/cdli.9.6.1145-1152.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Iñigo Angulo
- GlaxoSmithKline GSK, Tres Cantos Centro de Biología Molecular, CSIC-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Tan RS, Kara AU, Feng C, Asano Y, Sinniah R. Differential interleukin-10 expression in interferon regulatory factor-1 deficient mice during Plasmodium berghei blood-stage infection. Parasite Immunol 2000; 22:425-35. [PMID: 10972849 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3024.2000.00312.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Mice deficient of functional interferon regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1-/-) by targeted gene disruption infected with a lethal murine malaria strain, Plasmodium berghei ANKA survived longer than its wild-type littermates despite the inability to induce appreciable amounts of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and nitric oxide. In addition, infected IRF-1-/- mice displayed less organ injury with reduced necrosis and inflammation. Both wild-type and IRF-1-/- mice treated with exogenous interleukin-12 (IL-12) suffered extensive organ damage with corresponding up regulation of IFN-gamma, suggesting the pathogenic potential of IL-12 and IFN-gamma. IL-10 is a cytokine produced by CD4+ T lymphocytes belonging to the Th2 subset. Expression of IL-10 in the wild-type mice correlated with the severity of the infection, with higher mRNA expression towards the later stage of infection. In contrast to the wild-type mice, IL-10 levels in the IRF-1-/- mice were induced early in the infection and decreased gradually as the infection progressed. Both untreated and IL-12 treated wild-type mice appeared to follow a Th1-like immune response early in the infection and a Th2-like immune response later in the infection. However, the IRF-1-/- mice were able to launch an altered immune response with a Th2-like immune response early in the infection. These findings suggest that IL-10 expression in the IRF-1-/- mice during the early stage of P. berghei ANKA infection could play an important role in suppressing pathogenic effects of a cell mediated immune response and promoting protective immunity against the parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Tan
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 119260, Singapore
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