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Komine T, Ihara H, Inohana M, Kwok JC, Shimizu A, Terasawa T, Miyazaki A, Srivorakul S, Iwao H, Harada S, Yoshida M, Hoshino Y, Kurata O, Fukano H, Wada S. Non-tuberculous mycobacterial disease associated with Mycobacterium montefiorense in salamanders. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1248288. [PMID: 37954664 PMCID: PMC10637390 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1248288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mycobacterium montefiorense is one of the causes of non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections in moray eels and salamanders. Although M. montefiorense infection could be a threat to salamanders, little information is available regarding this pathogen and associated infection. This study aimed to provide fundamental information regarding M. montefiorense and its infection in salamanders. Methods Nine M. montefiorense strains isolated from three species of salamanders, namely, Japanese black salamander (Hynobius nigrescens), Hakuba salamander (H. hidamontanus), and Tohoku hynobiid salamander (H. lichenatus), between 2010 and 2018, were characterized based on phenotypic and genetic examination. We also pathologically observed salamanders infected with the M. montefiorense strains, including Hakuba salamanders and Tohoku hynobiid salamanders. Results The microbiological and chemical characteristics of the M. montefiorense salamander and an eel strain (reference strain) matched. Susceptibility testing for antimicrobials suggested that clarithromycin may be effective. Regarding disinfectants, phtharal, peracetic acid, glutaral, sodium hypochlorite, and benzalkonium chloride may be effective. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the strains isolated from salamanders in 2014 and 2018 were genetically closely related, which could indicate an outbreak. The main gross findings in infected salamanders include skin ulcerative lesions or nodules in the enlarged liver. Microscopically, multifocal to coalescent granulomatous lesions composed of massive macrophages containing numerous acid-fast bacilli were prominently observed in the liver. Conclusion This study contributes to our understanding of the genetic diversity and phenotypic characteristics of M. montefiorense, as well as the pathology of the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Komine
- Laboratory of Aquatic Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Mycobacteriology, Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Higashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hyogo Ihara
- Laboratory of Aquatic Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mari Inohana
- Laboratory of Aquatic Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jennifer Caroline Kwok
- Retinal Disease Studies Facility, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Akane Shimizu
- Laboratory of Aquatic Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsumugi Terasawa
- Laboratory of Aquatic Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayaka Miyazaki
- Laboratory of Aquatic Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Saralee Srivorakul
- Center of Veterinary Diagnosis and Technology Transfer, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | | | | | - Mitsunori Yoshida
- Department of Mycobacteriology, Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Higashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Hoshino
- Department of Mycobacteriology, Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Higashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Kurata
- Laboratory of Aquatic Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hanako Fukano
- Department of Mycobacteriology, Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Higashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinpei Wada
- Laboratory of Aquatic Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Tokyo, Japan
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Draft Genome Sequences of Eight Mycobacterium montefiorense Strains Isolated from Salamanders in Captivity. Microbiol Resour Announc 2022; 11:e0070222. [PMID: 36314924 PMCID: PMC9670993 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00702-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium montefiorense is a nontuberculous mycobacterium that causes infections in fish and salamanders. Here, we report annotated draft genome sequences of eight strains that were isolated in 2014 and 2018 from salamanders reared in an aquarium in Japan.
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Christensen A, Di Loreto C, Smitaman E, Paravar T, Jones KA, Guma M. Granulomatous fasciitis followed by morphea profunda: Is granulomatous fasciitis part of a spectrum of deep morphea? A case report and review of the literature. Clin Case Rep 2018; 6:1412-1417. [PMID: 30147873 PMCID: PMC6098999 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.1608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although eosinophilic fasciitis is known to be part of the deep morphea spectrum, this first report of the coexistence of granulomatous fasciitis and morphea profunda suggests that granulomatous fasciitis may also be a part of the spectrum of deep morphea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angie Christensen
- Department of RheumatologySchool of MedicineUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Christina Di Loreto
- Department of PathologySchool of MedicineUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Edward Smitaman
- Department of RadiologySchool of MedicineUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Taraneh Paravar
- Department of DermatologySchool of MedicineUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | | | - Monica Guma
- Department of RheumatologySchool of MedicineUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
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4
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Draft Genome Sequence of Mycobacterium montefiorense Isolated from Japanese Black Salamander (Hynobius nigrescens). GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2018; 6:6/21/e00448-18. [PMID: 29798927 PMCID: PMC5968723 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00448-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium montefiorense is a member of the Mycobacterium simiae complex, the largest group of nontuberculous mycobacteria. Here, we report the genome sequence of M. montefiorense isolate BS, isolated from diseased Japanese black salamander (Hynobius nigrescens) reared in an aquarium in Japan. This is the first reported case of an M. montefiorense infection in an amphibian.
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5
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Shukla S, Shukla SK, Sharma R. Species identification of aquatic mycobacterium isolates by sequencing and PCR-RFLP of the 16S–23S rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. GENE REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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6
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Phillips ACN, Suepaul R, Soto E. Ocular localization of mycobacterial lesions in tank-reared juvenile cobia, Rachycentron canadum. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2017; 40:1799-1804. [PMID: 28745814 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Severe clinical mycobacteriosis with consistent ocular lesion localization was diagnosed in a population of 800 juvenile tank-reared Cobia (Rachycentron canadum) which experienced a sudden increase in mortality approximately 5 months after arriving into Trinidad and Tobago from Florida, USA. Moderate daily mortality (15-20 animals per day) persisted for just over 1 month. Moribund fish displayed circling behaviour and had an open-mouth gape upon death. Fish consistently presented with bilateral exophthalmia, corneal cloudiness and hyphema. Non-branching acid-fast rods were detected in aqueous humour touch preparations. Histological analysis revealed severe bilateral intra-ocular granulomatous responses in all specimens. Mycobacterium sp. was identified using a real-time PCR assay detecting the RNA polymerase β-subunit (rpoB) gene in different tissue samples. Specimens did not present with characteristic granulomatous responses usually seen in viscera. To the best of our knowledge, this represents only the third documentation of piscine mycobacterial infection presenting with only localized ocular lesions, and the second documented case of mycobacteriosis in cobia. It is, however, the first documentation of an ocular presentation of mycobacteriosis in a marine species and is the first documentation of such a presentation in cobia.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C N Phillips
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies
| | - R Suepaul
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies
| | - E Soto
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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7
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Boylan SM, Camus A, Gaskins J, Oliverio J, Parks M, Davis A, Cassel J. Spondylosis in a green moray eel, Gymnothorax funebris (Ranzani 1839), with swim bladder hyperinflation. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2017; 40:963-969. [PMID: 27734503 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S M Boylan
- Husbandry, South Carolina Aquarium, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - A Camus
- Veterinary Pathology, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA, USA
| | - J Gaskins
- Husbandry, South Carolina Aquarium, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - J Oliverio
- Companion Therapy Laser, Newark, DE, USA
| | - M Parks
- Charleston Veterinary Referral Center, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - A Davis
- Husbandry, South Carolina Aquarium, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - J Cassel
- Husbandry, South Carolina Aquarium, Charleston, SC, USA
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8
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Anwar MA, Choi S. Gram-negative marine bacteria: structural features of lipopolysaccharides and their relevance for economically important diseases. Mar Drugs 2014; 12:2485-514. [PMID: 24796306 PMCID: PMC4052302 DOI: 10.3390/md12052485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2013] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gram-negative marine bacteria can thrive in harsh oceanic conditions, partly because of the structural diversity of the cell wall and its components, particularly lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS is composed of three main parts, an O-antigen, lipid A, and a core region, all of which display immense structural variations among different bacterial species. These components not only provide cell integrity but also elicit an immune response in the host, which ranges from other marine organisms to humans. Toll-like receptor 4 and its homologs are the dedicated receptors that detect LPS and trigger the immune system to respond, often causing a wide variety of inflammatory diseases and even death. This review describes the structural organization of selected LPSes and their association with economically important diseases in marine organisms. In addition, the potential therapeutic use of LPS as an immune adjuvant in different diseases is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ayaz Anwar
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Korea.
| | - Sangdun Choi
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Korea.
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9
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Erlacher-Reid C, Tuttle AD, Frasca S. Xanthogranulomatous panniculitis of the head of an aquarium-maintained California moray. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH 2012; 24:171-177. [PMID: 22897116 DOI: 10.1080/08997659.2012.675930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
An aquarium-maintained male California moray Gymnothorax mordax had a symmetrical enlargement of the soft tissues of the head dorsal to the cranium for 2 years prior to its death. This individual was anesthetized for radiographic and ultrasonographic examination of the lesion, and blood was collected for plasma biochemical analytes and lipid profiles. Radiographs and ultrasound of the lesion demonstrated a symmetrical and homogeneous soft tissue density that was consistent with adipose tissue. Plasma cholesterol and triglyceride values appeared elevated; therefore, the animal's diet was amended to decrease fat consumption. Triglyceride values decreased after dietary changes were made; however, values for cholesterol, high-density lipoproteins, and low-density lipoproteins fluctuated but remained largely unchanged. Histopathological assessment of the lesion revealed localized xanthogranulomatous inflammation of hypodermal adipose tissue. The etiology of the lesion in this animal was never determined. This paper describes the first documented case of localized xanthogranulomatous panniculitis in a California moray and demonstrates the need for additional research on specific dietary requirements, species-specific physiological differences, and lesions involving the adipose tissue of morays in comparison with other teleost species.
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10
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Zerihun MA, Colquhoun DJ, Poppe TT. Experimental mycobacteriosis in Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua L. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2012; 35:365-377. [PMID: 22404316 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2012.01349.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Piscine mycobacteriosis causes losses in a number of fish species both in the wild and in aquaculture worldwide. Mycobacterium salmoniphilum infections have on several occasions been reported in farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. The present study tested and confirmed the susceptibility of Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua L., an important yet relatively novel aquaculture species, to infection with M. salmoniphilum. Atlantic cod injected intraperitoneally with a suspension of this bacterium were maintained together with cohabitant (COH) fish in a flow-through marine water system at 10-11 °C. The fish were supervised daily and samples taken at 2, 7, 14, 23, 34 and 53 weeks post-infection and examined pathologically, bacteriologically and using molecular biology. Injected mycobacteria were re-isolated in high concentrations from both injected and COH fish groups. Death attributable to mycobacterial infection was observed in both injected (47%) and COH (28%) fish groups. Extensive development of granuloma in visceral organs, mainly the mesenteries, spleen, kidney and liver (lesser extent) and at later stages of the infection in heart tissues and gills, was observed in both injected and COH fish. Granulomas underwent a temporal progression of distinct morphological stages, culminating in well-circumscribed lesions surrounded by normal or healing tissue. Acid-fast bacilli were detected in both granulomas and non-granulomatous tissues. This study confirms that Atlantic cod is highly susceptible to M. salmoniphilum infection and that this bacterial species may be a threat to cod both in the wild and in the aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Zerihun
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway.
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11
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Plasma Biochemistry Values of Recently Wild-Caught Purple Mouth Moray Eels (Gymnothorax vicinus). J Zoo Wildl Med 2011; 42:671-9. [PMID: 22204062 DOI: 10.1638/2011-0112.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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12
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Photosynthetic characteristics of marine aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria Roseobacter and Erythrobacter strains. Arch Microbiol 2011; 194:331-41. [PMID: 22033765 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-011-0761-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2010] [Revised: 08/24/2011] [Accepted: 10/06/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
A coastal Roseobacter strain of marine aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria (AAnPB) was isolated and phylogenetically determined. The strain OBYS 0001 was characterized by its physiological and biochemical properties with reference to the Erythrobacter longus type strain NBRC 14126. When grown in batch cultures, the growth curves of the both strains were similar. Cellular bacteriochlorophyll a concentrations of the strains reached the maxima in the stationary growth conditions. In vivo fluorescence excitation/optical density spectra between 470 and 600 nm for OBYS 0001 represented higher values than NBRC 14126. Variable fluorescence measurements revealed that the functional absorption cross section (σ) of the bacterial photosynthetic complexes for OBYS 0001 was significantly higher than that for NBRC 14126 under green excitation. These results suggest that Roseobacter can capture green light more efficiently than Erythrobacter for photosynthesis. The photochemical quantum efficiencies (F (v)/F (m)) of the bacterial photosynthetic complexes for OBYS 0001 were consistently lower than those for NBRC 14126. A relationship between the growth rate and F (v)/F (m) was significant for OBYS 0001, but that was not found for NBRC 14126. These results suggested that F (v)/F (m) for AAnPB could not be used as a proxy of the growth rate which is consistent with their mostly heterotrophic characters.
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13
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Zerihun MA, Nilsen H, Hodneland S, Colquhoun DJ. Mycobacterium salmoniphilum infection in farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2011; 34:769-781. [PMID: 21916902 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2011.01293.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Multiple greyish-white visceral nodules containing abundant rapidly growing and acid-fast bacteria, subsequently identified as Mycobacterium salmoniphilum, were detected in moribund and newly dead market-sized fish during a period of increased mortality in an Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, farm in western Norway. Isolates cultured from diseased fish were phenotypically consistent with Mycobacterium sp. previously isolated from Atlantic salmon [MT 1890 (= NCIMB13533), MT1892, MT1900 and MT1901] in the Shetland Isles, Scotland. Partial sequences of 16S rDNA, ribosomal RNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS1), 65-kDa heat-shock protein (Hsp65) and β subunit of RNA polymerase (rpoB) revealed 97-99% similarity with M. salmoniphilum type strain ATCC 13758(T) . The source of infection was not confirmed. Koch's postulates were fulfilled following experimental challenge of Atlantic salmon with field isolate NVI6598 (FJ616988). Mortality was recorded in experimentally infected fish; however, the infection remained subclinical in the majority of affected fish over the 131-day challenge period.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Zerihun
- National Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway.
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14
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Gauthier DT, Helenthal AM, Rhodes MW, Vogelbein WK, Kator HI. Characterization of photochromogenic Mycobacterium spp. from Chesapeake Bay striped bass Morone saxatilis. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2011; 95:113-124. [PMID: 21848119 DOI: 10.3354/dao02350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A large diversity of Mycobacterium spp. has been isolated from striped bass Morone saxatilis in Chesapeake Bay, USA. The new species M. shottsii and M. pseudoshottsii are the dominant isolates, while the classical fish pathogen M. marinum is found much less frequently. M. fortuitum and M. chelonae, other Mycobacterium spp. known to commonly infect fishes, have not yet been aseptically isolated from striped bass within Chesapeake Bay. While M. pseudoshottsii and M. shottsii have been phenotypically and genotypically characterized, other less common mycobacterial isolates have not. In the present study, we describe 17 photochromogenic isolates from Chesapeake Bay striped bass using phenotypic characterization and multilocus sequencing of 16S rRNA, hsp65 and rpoB genes. Genetic characterization reveals that these isolates are related to widely divergent portions of the mycobacterial phylogeny; however, some interesting trends are observed, such as a majority of isolates (10/17) belonging to the M. simiae-related grouping. Five additional isolates were assigned to the slow-growing mycobacteria (including 2 identified as M. marinum), while 2 are clearly shown to belong genetically to the fast-growing mycobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- D T Gauthier
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA.
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15
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First human isolate of Mycobacterium poriferae in the sputum of a patient with chronic bronchitis. J Clin Microbiol 2011; 49:3107-8. [PMID: 21653776 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00436-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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16
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Jacobs JM, Stine CB, Baya AM, Kent ML. A review of mycobacteriosis in marine fish. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2009; 32:119-130. [PMID: 19261041 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2008.01016.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacteriosis is a serious and often lethal disease of fish, affecting a wide range of species globally both in culture and wild settings. Caused by several species of the genus Mycobacterium, the disease has received considerable attention in recent years because of the discovery of new species in piscine hosts, epizootics in wild fisheries, and the ability of a few species to infect humans. The impact of this disease in aquaculture and the aquaria trade has been well reported and there is currently no widely accepted cure other than depopulation and facility disinfection. However, the impact on wild fisheries is poorly understood and may relate to species-specific interactions (host-pathogen) and possibly environmental stressors. In this review, much of what is known about mycobacteriosis in marine fish is summarized with particular attention to an epizootic in striped bass, Morone saxatilis, (Walbaum), in Chesapeake Bay, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Jacobs
- NOAA/NOS/NCCOS Cooperative Oxford Lab, Oxford, MD 21654, USA.
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Pourahmad F, Cervellione F, Thompson KD, Taggart JB, Adams A, Richards RH. Mycobacterium stomatepiae sp. nov., a slowly growing, non-chromogenic species isolated from fish. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2009; 58:2821-7. [PMID: 19060066 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.2008/001164-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Slowly growing, non-chromogenic mycobacteria were isolated from striped barombi mbo cichlids (Stomatepia mariae) maintained at the London Zoo Aquarium, UK. The isolates could be differentiated from other slowly growing, non-pigmented mycobacteria by a combination of phenotypic features including their inability to grow at 37 degrees C, positive tests for heat-stable catalase, tellurite reduction and arylsulfatase activity, and the absence of urease activity, Tween 80 hydrolysis, nitrate reductase, iron uptake and semiquantitative catalase. The almost full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence, together with partial sequences from the 65 kDa heat-shock protein (hsp65) and the beta-subunit of the bacterial RNA polymerase (rpoB) genes and the 16S-23S internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS 1) region were identical for all three novel strains, but distinct from those of all known mycobacterial species. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the novel isolates within the slowly growing mycobacteria group in close proximity to Mycobacterium florentinum. Based on genotypic and phenotypic findings, it is proposed that these isolates represent a novel species of the genus Mycobacterium, for which the name Mycobacterium stomatepiae sp. nov. is proposed with strain T11(T) (=DSM 45059(T)=CIP 109275(T)=NCIMB 14252(T)) as the type strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazel Pourahmad
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK.
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18
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Gauthier DT, Latour RJ, Heisey DM, Bonzek CF, Gartland J, Burge EJ, Vogelbein WK. Mycobacteriosis-associated mortality in wild striped bass (Morone saxatilis) from Chesapeake Bay, U.S.A. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2008; 18:1718-27. [PMID: 18839766 DOI: 10.1890/07-2083.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The striped bass (Morone saxatilis) is an economically and ecologically important finfish species along the Atlantic seaboard of the United States. Recent stock assessments in Chesapeake Bay (U.S.A.) indicate that non-fishing mortality in striped bass has increased since 1999, concomitant with very high (>50%) prevalence of visceral and dermal disease caused by Mycobacterium spp. Current fishery assessment models do not differentiate between disease and other components of non-fishing mortality (e.g., senescence, predation); therefore, disease impact on the striped bass population has not been established. Specific measurement of mortality associated with mycobacteriosis in wild striped bass is complicated because the disease is chronic and mortality is cryptic. Epidemiological models have been developed to estimate disease-associated mortality from cross-sectional prevalence data and have recently been generalized to represent disease processes more realistically. Here, we used this generalized approach to demonstrate disease-associated mortality in striped bass from Chesapeake Bay. To our knowledge this is the first demonstration of cryptic mortality associated with a chronic infectious disease in a wild finfish. This finding has direct implications for management and stock assessment of striped bass, as it demonstrates population-level negative impacts of a chronic disease. Additionally, this research provides a framework by which disease-associated mortality may be specifically addressed within fisheries models for resource management.
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Affiliation(s)
- D T Gauthier
- Department of Environmental and Aquatic Animal Health, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Gloucester Point, Virginia 23062, USA.
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19
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Mycobacteriosis in fishes: a review. Vet J 2008; 180:33-47. [PMID: 18620877 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2008.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2007] [Revised: 05/09/2008] [Accepted: 05/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium species have long been recognised as a significant source of morbidity and mortality in finfish aquaculture, as well as in wild finfishes. Mycobacteria infecting fishes also include zoonotic pathogens that can cause protracted illness, especially in immunocompromised individuals. Several basic aspects of mycobacterial pathobiology in aquatic animals remain poorly understood, although a number of important recent developments have been made, especially with respect to identification of novel Mycobacterium spp. infecting fishes and a new group of mycobacteria closely related to the human pathogen Mycobacterium ulcerans. This review will encompass important aspects of mycobacterial disease in fishes, discuss recent research including studies of mycobacteriosis in striped bass (Morone saxatilis) of Chesapeake Bay, USA, and suggest directions for future work.
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Abstract
The continuous evolution of mycobacterial taxonomy may represent a source of confusion for laboratories and clinicians. Apart from the obvious pathogenic strains of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium ulcerans, the role of other mycobacteria may be associated with varying conditions ranging from contamination to specific disease processes. Of the more than 120 mycobacterial species recognized currently, very few have not been reported as pathogenic in humans or animals. Although the attempt to keep pace with the steadily increasing number of mycobacterial species seems hopeless, a careful review of the recent literature relevant to the newly described species may be advantageous. The aim of this present update is to provide epidemiological and clinical information along with major phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of the species described in the last 3 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Tortoli
- Regional Reference Centre for Mycobacteria, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy.
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21
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Beran V, Matlova L, Dvorska L, Svastova P, Pavlik I. Distribution of mycobacteria in clinically healthy ornamental fish and their aquarium environment. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2006; 29:383-93. [PMID: 16866922 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2006.00729.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Some mycobacterial species (particularly Mycobacterium marinum) found in aquarium environments may cause chronic diseases in fish and cutaneous infections in humans, the so-called 'fish tank granuloma'. The presence and distribution of mycobacterial species in clinically healthy aquarium fish and their environment has not been adequately explored. The present study analysed the occurrence of mycobacteria in a decorative aquarium (Brno, South Moravia) and in five aquaria of a professional fish breeder (Bohumin, North Moravia). After Ziehl-Neelsen staining, acid-fast rods (AFR) were observed in six (14.3%) and mycobacteria were detected by culture in 18 (42.9%) of 42 tissue samples from 19 fish. Sixty-five samples of the aqueous environment from all six aquaria were examined; AFR were found in 16 (24.6%) and mycobacteria were detected by culture in 49 (75.4%) samples. Forty-one (70.7%) of 58 selected mycobacterial isolates were identified biochemically as follows: M. fortuitum, M. flavescens, M. chelonae, M. gordonae, M. terrae, M. triviale, M. diernhoferi, M. celatum, M. kansasii and M. intracellulare. The clinically important species for humans and fish, M. marinum, was not detected. Mycobacterium kansasii was isolated from one sample of the aquarium environment from North Moravia, which is a region of the Czech Republic with endemic incidence of M. kansasii in water. The incidence of other conditionally pathogenic mycobacterial species in healthy fish and in all investigated constituents of the aquarium environment including snails and crustaceans used for fish feeding, was quite high. Accordingly, mycobacterial species from aquarium environments may serve as a possible source of infection for both aquarium fish and immunodeficient fish handlers.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Beran
- Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
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22
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Poort MJ, Whipps CM, Watral VG, Font WF, Kent ML. Molecular characterization of a Mycobacterium species in non-native poeciliids in Hawaii using DNA sequences. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2006; 29:181-5. [PMID: 16533304 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2006.00687.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M J Poort
- Department of Microbiology, Center for Fish Disease Research, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
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23
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Fanti F, Tortoli E, Hall L, Roberts GD, Kroppenstedt RM, Dodi I, Conti S, Polonelli L, Chezzi C. Mycobacterium parmense sp. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2005; 54:1123-1127. [PMID: 15280280 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.02760-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The isolation and identification of a novel, slow-growing, scotochromogenic, mycobacterial species is reported. A strain, designated MUP 1182T, was isolated from a cervical lymph node of a 3-year-old child. MUP 1182T is alcohol- and acid-fast, with a lipid pattern that is consistent with those of species that belong to the genus Mycobacterium. It grows slowly at 25-37 degrees C, but does not grow at 42 degrees C. The isolate was revealed to be biochemically distinct from previously described mycobacterial species: it has urease and Tween hydrolysis activities and lacks nitrate reductase, 3-day arylsulfatase and beta-glucosidase activities. Comparative 16S rDNA sequencing showed that isolate MUP 1182T represents a novel, slow-growing species that is related closely to Mycobacterium lentiflavum and Mycobacterium simiae. On the basis of these findings, the name Mycobacterium parmense sp. nov. is proposed, with MUP 1182T (=CIP 107385T=DSM 44553T) as the type strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Fanti
- Sezione di Microbiologia, Dipartimento di Patologia e Medicina di Laboratorio, Università degli Studi di Parma, 43100 Parma, Italy
| | - Enrico Tortoli
- Laboratorio di Microbiologia e Virologia, Ospedale di Careggi, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Leslie Hall
- Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Glenn D Roberts
- Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Reiner M Kroppenstedt
- Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Icilio Dodi
- Dipartimento Materno-Infantile, Reparto di Pediatria e Oncoematologia, Azienda Ospedaliera di Parma, 43100 Parma, Italy
| | - Stefania Conti
- Sezione di Microbiologia, Dipartimento di Patologia e Medicina di Laboratorio, Università degli Studi di Parma, 43100 Parma, Italy
| | - Luciano Polonelli
- Sezione di Microbiologia, Dipartimento di Patologia e Medicina di Laboratorio, Università degli Studi di Parma, 43100 Parma, Italy
| | - Carlo Chezzi
- Sezione di Microbiologia, Dipartimento di Patologia e Medicina di Laboratorio, Università degli Studi di Parma, 43100 Parma, Italy
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24
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Kent ML, Whipps CM, Matthews JL, Florio D, Watral V, Bishop-Stewart JK, Poort M, Bermudez L. Mycobacteriosis in zebrafish (Danio rerio) research facilities. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2004; 138:383-90. [PMID: 15533796 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2004.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2004] [Revised: 08/04/2004] [Accepted: 08/11/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The Zebrafish International Resource Center was established to support the zebrafish research community, and includes a diagnostic service. One of the most common diseases that we have diagnosed is mycobacteriosis, which represented 18% of the diagnostic cases submitted from November 1999 to June 2003. We describe here the severity of the disease and associated pathological changes of 24 diagnostic cases from 14 laboratories. Identifications of the bacteria are provided for seven of these cases. For two cases in which culture of the organism was not successful, these identifications were based on ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequence analysis obtained directly from infected tissues. Biochemical characteristics and rDNA sequence analysis from cultures are reported for the other isolates. Two severe outbreaks from different facilities on different continents were associated with an organism identified as Mycobacterium haemophilum based on rDNA sequence from tissues. Another severe outbreak was associated with an organism most closely related to Mycobacterium peregrinum. These species are recognized pathogens of humans, but this is the first report of them from fish. Bacteria identified as Mycobacterium chelonae or M. abscessus were recovered from fish in cases categorized as moderate disease or as an incidental finding. These findings indicate that species of Mycobacterium previously undescribed from fish (i.e., M. haemophilum and M. peregrinum) may pose significant health problems in zebrafish research facilities, whereas species and strains that are already recognized as common in fish usually cause limited disease on a population basis in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Kent
- Center for Fish Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, 220 Nash, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-3804, USA.
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25
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Decostere A, Hermans K, Haesebrouck F. Piscine mycobacteriosis: a literature review covering the agent and the disease it causes in fish and humans. Vet Microbiol 2004; 99:159-66. [PMID: 15066718 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2003.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2003] [Revised: 07/23/2003] [Accepted: 07/23/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium marinum, M. fortuitum and M. chelonae are the etiological agents of fish mycobacteriosis. Fish mycobacteriosis is a disseminated infection reported in more than 150 fish species and is usually accompanied by emaciation and death over a period of months to years. Granulomas are formed both externally and scattered throughout the internal organs. Treatment is in most cases unsatisfactory and the overall recommendation is to destroy the diseased stock, particularly since these pathogens are capable of affecting man as well as fish. Especially fish handlers and aquarium hobbyists are infected and the disease is mostly confined to the superficial, cooler body tissues, most often the extremities. Dissemination is apparently rare but has been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Decostere
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
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26
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Levi MH, Bartell J, Gandolfo L, Smole SC, Costa SF, Weiss LM, Johnson LK, Osterhout G, Herbst LH. Characterization of Mycobacterium montefiorense sp. nov., a novel pathogenic Mycobacterium from moray eels that is related to Mycobacterium triplex. J Clin Microbiol 2003; 41:2147-52. [PMID: 12734264 PMCID: PMC154687 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.41.5.2147-2152.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The characterization of a novel Mycobacterium sp. isolated from granulomatous skin lesions of moray eels is reported. Analysis of the hsp65 gene, small-subunit rRNA gene, rRNA spacer region, and phenotypic characteristics demonstrate that this organism is distinct from its closest genetic match, Mycobacterium triplex, and it has been named M. montefiorense sp. nov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Levi
- Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center and The Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA.
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27
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Whipps CM, Watral VG, Kent ML. Characterization of a Mycobacterium sp. in rockfish, Sebastes alutus (Gilbert) and Sebastes reedi (Westrheim & Tsuyuki), using rDNA sequences. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2003; 26:241-245. [PMID: 12962232 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2761.2003.00451.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C M Whipps
- Department of Microbiology, Center for Fish Disease Research, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-3404, USA
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