1
|
Alghamdi MA, Ayed L, Aljarad MR, Altayeb HN, Abbes S, Chaieb K. Whole genome sequencing analysis and Box-Behnken design for the optimization of the decolourization of mixture textile dyes by halotolerant microbial consortium. Microbiol Res 2023; 276:127481. [PMID: 37651966 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
The use of dyes in textile industries has resulted in substantially contaminated soil, water and ecosystem including fauna and flora. So, the application of eco-friendly approach for dyes removal is in great demand. The goal of this research was to develop and test a bacterial consortium for biodegrading dyes in artificial textile effluent (ATE) derived from mixture of Indigo carmine (40 mg/l); Malachite green (20 mg/l); Cotton bleu (40 mg/l); Bromocresol green (20 mg/l) and CI Reactive Red 66 (40 mg/l) dissolved in artificial seawater. The Box-Behnken design (BBD) which combine six variables with three levels each was used to determine the potential removal of dyes in ATE, by the selected microbial consortium (M31 and M69b). The experimental process indicated that decolourization of ATE reached 77.36 % under these conditions values: salinity (30 g/l), pH (9), peptone (5 g/l), inoculum size (1.5 108 CFU/ml), agitation (150 rpm) and contact time (72 h). The decolourization was confirmed by FTIR spectrum analysis of ATE before and after bacterial treatment. Bacterial strains used in this study were identified as Halomonas pacifica M31 and Shewanella algae M69b using 16 rDNA sequences. Moreover, the total genome analysis of M31 and M69b validated the implication of bacterial genes in mixture dyes removal. Therefore, the effect of the selected bacterial consortium on ATE removal was confirmed and it may be used in industrial wastewater treatment to issuing environmental safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lamia Ayed
- Laboratory of Analysis, Treatment and Valorization of Pollutants of the Environmental and Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Rajeh Aljarad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hisham N Altayeb
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Center of Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samir Abbes
- Laboratory of Genetic, Biodiversity and Bio-resources Valorisation, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Kamel Chaieb
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Laboratory of Analysis, Treatment and Valorization of Pollutants of the Environmental and Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hendrix J, Epperson LE, Tong EI, Chan YL, Hasan NA, Dawrs SN, Norton GJ, Virdi R, Crooks JL, Chan ED, Honda JR, Strong M. Complete genome assembly of Hawai'i environmental nontuberculous mycobacteria reveals unexpected co-isolation with methylobacteria. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291072. [PMID: 37703253 PMCID: PMC10499228 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are ubiquitous environmental opportunistic pathogens that can cause chronic lung disease. Within the United States, Hawai'i has the highest incidence of NTM lung disease, though the precise reasons are yet to be fully elucidated. One possibility is the high prevalence of NTM in the Hawai'i environment acting as a potential reservoir for opportunistic NTM infections. Through our previous initiatives to collect and characterize NTM in Hawai'i, community scientists of Hawai'i have collected thousands of environmental samples for sequencing. Here, these community scientists were invited for the first time into a high school lab in O'ahu for a genomic sequencing workshop, where participants sequenced four of the collected isolate genomic samples using the Oxford Nanopore Technologies MinION sequencer. Participants generated high quality long read data that when combined with short read Illumina data yielded complete bacterial genomic assemblies suitable for in-depth analysis. The gene annotation analysis identified a suite of genes that might help NTM thrive in the Hawai'i environment. Further, we found evidence of co-occurring methylobacteria, revealed from the sequencing data, suggesting that in some cases methylobacteria and NTM may coexist in the same niche, challenging previously accepted paradigms. The sequencing efforts presented here generated novel insights regarding the potential survival strategies and microbial interactions of NTM in the geographic hot spot of Hawai'i. We highlight the contributions of community scientists and present an activity that can be reimplemented as a workshop or classroom activity by other research groups to engage their local communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jo Hendrix
- Center for Genes, Environment, and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States of America
- Computational Bioscience Program, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - L. Elaine Epperson
- Center for Genes, Environment, and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States of America
| | - Eric I. Tong
- ‘Iolani School, Honolulu, Hawai’i, United States of America
| | - Yvonne L. Chan
- ‘Iolani School, Honolulu, Hawai’i, United States of America
| | - Nabeeh A. Hasan
- Center for Genes, Environment, and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States of America
| | - Stephanie N. Dawrs
- Center for Genes, Environment, and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States of America
| | - Grant J. Norton
- Center for Genes, Environment, and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States of America
| | - Ravleen Virdi
- Center for Genes, Environment, and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States of America
| | - James L. Crooks
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Edward D. Chan
- Department of Medicine and Academic Affairs, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States of America
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Jennifer R. Honda
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, United States of America
| | - Michael Strong
- Center for Genes, Environment, and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States of America
- Computational Bioscience Program, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zelaya-Molina LX, Guerra-Camacho JE, Ortiz-Alvarez JM, Vigueras-Cortés JM, Villa-Tanaca L, Hernández-Rodríguez C. Plant growth-promoting and heavy metal-resistant Priestia and Bacillus strains associated with pioneer plants from mine tailings. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:318. [PMID: 37615783 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03650-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Open mine tailings dams are extreme artificial environments containing sizeable potentially toxic elements (PTEs), including heavy metals (HMs), transition metals, and metalloids. Furthermore, these tailings have nutritional deficiencies, including assimilable phosphorus sources, organic carbon, and combined nitrogen, preventing plant colonization. Bacteria, that colonize these environments, have mechanisms to tolerate the selective pressures of PTEs. In this work, several Priestia megaterium (formerly Bacillus megaterium), Bacillus mojavensis, and Bacillus subtilis strains were isolated from bulk tailings, anthills, rhizosphere, and endosphere of pioneer plants from abandoned mine tailings in Zacatecas, Mexico. Bacillus spp. tolerated moderate HMs concentrations, produced siderophores and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), solubilized phosphates, and reduced acetylene in the presence of HMs. The strains harbored different PIB-type ATPase genes encoding for efflux pumps and Cation Diffusion Facilitator (CDF) genes. Moreover, nifH and nifD nitrogenase genes were detected in P. megaterium and B. mojavensis genomic DNA. They showed similarity with sequences of the beta-Proteobacteria species, which may represent likely horizontal transfer events. These Bacillus species precede the colonization of mine tailings by plants. Their phenotypic and genotypic features could be essential in the natural recovery of the sites by reducing the oxidative stress of HMs, fixing nitrogen, solubilizing phosphate, and accumulating organic carbon. These traits of the strains reflect the adaptations of Bacillus species to the mine tailings environment and could contribute to the success of phytoremediation efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lily X Zelaya-Molina
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prol. de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N. Col. Sto. Tomás, C.P. 11340, Ciudad de México, México
- Centro Nacional de Recursos Genéticos-INIFAP, Boulevard de La Biodiversidad 400, Rancho Las Cruces, C.P. 47600, Tepatitlán de Morelos, Jalisco, México
| | - Jairo E Guerra-Camacho
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prol. de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N. Col. Sto. Tomás, C.P. 11340, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Jossue M Ortiz-Alvarez
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prol. de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N. Col. Sto. Tomás, C.P. 11340, Ciudad de México, México
- Programa "Investigadoras E Investigadores Por México". Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías (CONAHCyT), Av. de los Insurgentes Sur 1582, Crédito Constructor, Benito Juárez, C.P. 03940, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Juan M Vigueras-Cortés
- Laboratorio de Prototipos de Agua, Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación Para El Desarrollo Integral Regional, IPN CIIDIR Durango, Sigma 119, Fracc. 20 de Noviembre II, C.P. 34220, Durango, Durango, México
| | - Lourdes Villa-Tanaca
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prol. de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N. Col. Sto. Tomás, C.P. 11340, Ciudad de México, México
| | - César Hernández-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prol. de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N. Col. Sto. Tomás, C.P. 11340, Ciudad de México, México.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abid AA, Zhang G, He D, Wang H, Batool I, Di H, Zhang Q. Combined effects of Bacillus sp. M6 strain and Sedum alfredii on rhizosphere community and bioremediation of cadmium polluted soils. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:913787. [PMID: 36212314 PMCID: PMC9533712 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.913787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Concerns regarding inevitable soil translocation and bioaccumulation of cadmium (Cd) in plants have been escalating in concomitance with the posed phytotoxicity and threat to human health. Exhibiting a Cd tolerance, Bacillus sp. M6 strain has been reported as a soil amendment owing to its capability of reducing metal bioavailability in soils. The present study investigated the rhizospheric bacterial community of the Cd hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Additionally, the Cd removal efficiency of strain Bacillus sp. M6 was enhanced by supplementing with biochar (C), glutamic acid (G), and rhamnolipid (R) to promote the phytoremediation effect of hyperaccumulator S. alfredii. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time the amendments such as C, G, and R together with the plant-microbe system S. alfredii-Bacillus sp. M6 has been used for Cd bioremediation. The results showed that soil CaCl2 and DTPA (Diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid) extractable Cd increased by 52.77 and 95.08%, respectively, in all M6 treatments compared to unamended control (CK). Sedum alfredii with Bacillus sp. M6 supplemented with biochar and rhamnolipid displayed a higher phytoremediation effect, and the removal capability of soil Cd (II) reached up to 16.47%. Moreover, remediation of Cd polluted soil by Bacillus sp. M6 also had an impact on the soil microbiome, including ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), and cadmium transporting ATPase (cadA) genes. Quantitative PCR analysis confirmed the Bacillus sp. M6 strain increased the abundance of AOB and cadA in both low Cd (LC) and high Cd (HC) soils compared to AOA gene abundance. Besides, the abundance of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria was found to be highest in both soils representing high tolerance capacity against Cd. While Firmicutes ranked third, indicating that the additionof strain could not make it the most dominant species. The results suggested the presence of the hyperaccumulator S. alfredii and Cd tolerant strain Bacillus sp. M6 supplemented with biochar, and rhamnolipid, play a unique and essential role in the remediation process and reducing the bioavailability of Cd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Ali Abid
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gengmiao Zhang
- Zhuji Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Zhuji, China
| | - Dan He
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huanhe Wang
- Zhuji Economic Speciality Station, Zhuji, China
| | - Itrat Batool
- Institute of Food Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongjie Di
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qichun Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Somayaji A, Dhanjal CR, Lingamsetty R, Vinayagam R, Selvaraj R, Varadavenkatesan T, Govarthanan M. An insight into the mechanisms of homeostasis in extremophiles. Microbiol Res 2022; 263:127115. [PMID: 35868258 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The homeostasis of extremophiles is one that is a diamond hidden in the rough. The way extremophiles adapt to their extreme environments gives a clue into the true extent of what is possible when it comes to life. The discovery of new extremophiles is ever-expanding and an explosion of knowledge surrounding their successful existence in extreme environments is obviously perceived in scientific literature. The present review paper aims to provide a comprehensive view on the different mechanisms governing the extreme adaptations of extremophiles, along with insights and discussions on what the limits of life can possibly be. The membrane adaptations that are vital for survival are discussed in detail. It was found that there are many alterations in the genetic makeup of such extremophiles when compared to their mesophilic counterparts. Apart from the several proteins involved, the significance of chaperones, efflux systems, DNA repair proteins and a host of other enzymes that adapt to maintain functionality, are enlisted, and explained. A deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms could have a plethora of applications in the industry. There are cases when certain microbes can withstand extreme doses of antibiotics. Such microbes accumulate numerous genetic elements (or plasmids) that possess genes for multiple drug resistance (MDR). A deeper understanding of such mechanisms helps in the development of potential approaches and therapeutic schemes for treating pathogen-mediated outbreaks. An in-depth analysis of the parameters - radiation, pressure, temperature, pH value and metal resistance - are discussed in this review, and the key to survival in these precarious niches is described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adithi Somayaji
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India; Manipal Biomachines, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Chetan Roger Dhanjal
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India; Manipal Biomachines, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Rathnamegha Lingamsetty
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India; Manipal Biomachines, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Ramesh Vinayagam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Raja Selvaraj
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Thivaharan Varadavenkatesan
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India.
| | - Muthusamy Govarthanan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea; Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 600077, India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lizárraga WC, Mormontoy CG, Calla H, Castañeda M, Taira M, Garcia R, Marín C, Abanto M, Ramirez P. Complete genome sequence of Shewanella algae strain 2NE11, a decolorizing bacterium isolated from industrial effluent in Peru. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 33:e00704. [PMID: 35145887 PMCID: PMC8816663 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2022.e00704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Shewanella is a microbial group with high potential to be applied in textile effluents bioremediation due to its ability to use a wide variety of substrates as a final electron acceptor in respiration. The present research aimed to describe a new strain, Shewanella algae 2NE11, a decolorizing bacterium isolated from industrial effluent in Peru. S. algae 2NE11 showed an optimal growth under pH 6-9, temperature between 30-40 °C, and 0-4 % NaCl. It can tolerate high concentrations of NaCl until 10% and low temperatures as 4 °C. It decolorizes azo and anthraquinone dyes with a decolorization rate of 89-97%. We performed next-generation sequencing (Pacific Bioscience®) and achieved its complete genome sequence with a length of 5,030,813bp and a GC content of 52.98%. Genomic characterization revealed the presence of protein-coding genes related to decolorization like azoreductase, dyp-peroxidase, oxidoreductases, and the complete Mtr respiratory pathway. Likewise, we identified other properties such as the presence of metal resistant genes, and genes related to lactate and N-acetylglucosamine metabolism. These results highlight its potential to be applied in the bioremediation of textile effluents and guide future research on decolorization metabolic pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wendy C Lizárraga
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú
| | - Carlo G Mormontoy
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú
| | - Hedersson Calla
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú
| | - Maria Castañeda
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú
| | - Mario Taira
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú
| | - Ruth Garcia
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú
| | - Claudia Marín
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú
| | - Michel Abanto
- Núcleo Científico y Tecnológico en Biorecursos - BIOREN, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Pablo Ramirez
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Öztürk B, Werner J, Meier-Kolthoff JP, Bunk B, Spröer C, Springael D. Comparative Genomics Suggests Mechanisms of Genetic Adaptation toward the Catabolism of the Phenylurea Herbicide Linuron in Variovorax. Genome Biol Evol 2021; 12:827-841. [PMID: 32359160 PMCID: PMC7313664 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evaa085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Biodegradation of the phenylurea herbicide linuron appears a specialization within a specific clade of the Variovorax genus. The linuron catabolic ability is likely acquired by horizontal gene transfer but the mechanisms involved are not known. The full-genome sequences of six linuron-degrading Variovorax strains isolated from geographically distant locations were analyzed to acquire insight into the mechanisms of genetic adaptation toward linuron metabolism. Whole-genome sequence analysis confirmed the phylogenetic position of the linuron degraders in a separate clade within Variovorax and indicated that they unlikely originate from a common ancestral linuron degrader. The linuron degraders differentiated from Variovorax strains that do not degrade linuron by the presence of multiple plasmids of 20–839 kb, including plasmids of unknown plasmid groups. The linuron catabolic gene clusters showed 1) high conservation and synteny and 2) strain-dependent distribution among the different plasmids. Most of them were bordered by IS1071 elements forming composite transposon structures, often in a multimeric array configuration, appointing IS1071 as a key element in the recruitment of linuron catabolic genes in Variovorax. Most of the strains carried at least one (catabolic) broad host range plasmid that might have been a second instrument for catabolic gene acquisition. We conclude that clade 1 Variovorax strains, despite their different geographical origin, made use of a limited genetic repertoire regarding both catabolic functions and vehicles to acquire linuron biodegradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Başak Öztürk
- Junior Research Group Microbial Biotechnology, Leibniz Institute DSMZ, German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany.,Division of Soil and Water Management, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johannes Werner
- Department of Biological Oceanography, Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research, Rostock, Germany
| | - Jan P Meier-Kolthoff
- Department Bioinformatics and Databases, Leibniz Institute DSMZ, German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Boyke Bunk
- Department Bioinformatics and Databases, Leibniz Institute DSMZ, German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Cathrin Spröer
- Department Bioinformatics and Databases, Leibniz Institute DSMZ, German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dirk Springael
- Division of Soil and Water Management, KU Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Buetti-Dinh A, Ruinelli M, Czerski D, Scapozza C, Martignier A, Roman S, Caminada A, Tonolla M. Geochemical and metagenomics study of a metal-rich, green-turquoise-coloured stream in the southern Swiss Alps. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248877. [PMID: 33784327 PMCID: PMC8009434 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The Swiss Alpine environments are poorly described from a microbiological perspective. Near the Greina plateau in the Camadra valley in Ticino (southern Swiss Alps), a green-turquoise-coloured water spring streams off the mountain cliffs. Geochemical profiling revealed naturally elevated concentrations of heavy metals such as copper, lithium, zinc and cadmium, which are highly unusual for the geomorphology of the region. Of particular interest, was the presence of a thick biofilm, that was revealed by microscopic analysis to be mainly composed of Cyanobacteria. A metagenome was further assembled to detail the genes found in this environment. A multitude of genes for resistance/tolerance to high heavy metal concentrations were indeed found, such as, various transport systems, and genes involved in the synthesis of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). EPS have been evoked as a central component in photosynthetic environments rich in heavy metals, for their ability to drive the sequestration of toxic, positively-charged metal ions under high regimes of cyanobacteria-driven photosynthesis. The results of this study provide a geochemical and microbiological description of this unusual environment in the southern Swiss Alps, the role of cyanobacterial photosynthesis in metal resistance, and the potential role of such microbial community in bioremediation of metal-contaminated environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Buetti-Dinh
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology (LMA), Department of Environment, Constructions and Design (DACD), University of Applied Sciences of Southern Switzerland (SUPSI), Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
- * E-mail: (ABD); (MT)
| | - Michela Ruinelli
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology (LMA), Department of Environment, Constructions and Design (DACD), University of Applied Sciences of Southern Switzerland (SUPSI), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Dorota Czerski
- Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Applied Sciences of Southern Switzerland (SUPSI), Trevano, Canobbio, Switzerland
| | - Cristian Scapozza
- Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Applied Sciences of Southern Switzerland (SUPSI), Trevano, Canobbio, Switzerland
| | - Agathe Martignier
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Samuele Roman
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology (LMA), Department of Environment, Constructions and Design (DACD), University of Applied Sciences of Southern Switzerland (SUPSI), Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Alpine Biology Center Foundation, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Annapaola Caminada
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology (LMA), Department of Environment, Constructions and Design (DACD), University of Applied Sciences of Southern Switzerland (SUPSI), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Mauro Tonolla
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology (LMA), Department of Environment, Constructions and Design (DACD), University of Applied Sciences of Southern Switzerland (SUPSI), Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Alpine Biology Center Foundation, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- * E-mail: (ABD); (MT)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Characterization of a Bacillus megaterium strain with metal bioremediation potential and in silico discovery of novel cadmium binding motifs in the regulator, CadC. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:2573-2586. [PMID: 33651131 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11193-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bioremediation of toxic metal ions using bacterial strains is a promising tool. Metal binding motifs in microbial proteins are involved in the regulation and transport of such toxic metals for metal detoxification. A bacterial strain designated TWSL_4 with metal (Cu, Cd, and Pb) resistance and removal ability was isolated and identified as a Bacillus megaterium strain using 16S rRNA gene analysis. An operon with 2 open reading frames (ORFs) was identified, cloned, and sequenced. ORF1 and ORF2 were identical to the cadmium efflux system accessory protein (CadC) and cadmium-translocating P-type ATPases (CadA) of B. megaterium strain YC4-R4 respectively. A protein homology search using Swiss model retrieved no crystal structures for CadC and CadA of Bacillus sp.. CadC of TWSL_4 had a sequence identity of 53% to the CadC (121aa) protein and 51.69% to the CadC crystal structure (1U2W.1.B; GMQE=0.75) of Staphylococcus sp. pI258. Molecular dynamic simulation studies revealed the presence of three metal binding regions in CadC of TWSL_4, [ASP7-TYR9], [ASP100-HIS102], and [LYS113-ASP116]. This is the first report showing evidence for the presence of Cd2+ and Zn2+ metal binding motifs in the CadC regulator of the Bacillus megaterium cad operon. The bacterial strain TWSL_4 was also found to contain two different P type ATPases encoding genes, cadA and zosA involved in metal resistance. Furthermore, the metal bioremediation potential of strain TWSL_4 was confirmed using an industrial effluent. KEY POINTS: • Isolation of a metal-resistant bacterial strain with potential for industrial bioremediation. • Discovery of novel Cd binding sites in CadC of the cad operon from B. megaterium. • Involvement of aspartic acid in the coordination of metal ions (Cd2+).
Collapse
|
10
|
Ohshiro Y, Uraguchi S, Nakamura R, Takanezawa Y, Kiyono M. Cadmium transport activity of four mercury transporters (MerC, MerE, MerF and MerT) and effects of the periplasmic mercury-binding protein MerP on Mer-dependent cadmium uptake. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2020; 367:5942867. [PMID: 33119092 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnaa177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mercury superfamily proteins, i.e. inner membrane-spanning proteins (MerC, MerE, MerF and MerT) and a periplasmic mercury-binding protein (MerP), transport mercury into the cytoplasm. A previous study demonstrated that a Mer transporter homolog exhibits cadmium transport activity; based on this, the present study aimed to evaluate the cadmium transport activity of MerC, MerE, MerF and MerT and the effects of MerP co-expression in Escherichia coli. Bacteria expressing MerC, MerE, MerF or MerT without MerP were more sensitive to cadmium and significantly absorbed more cadmium than did the control strain. Expression of MerP in combination with MerC, MerE, MerF or MerT increased the bacterial sensitivity to cadmium and cadmium accumulation compared to a single expression of MerC, MerE, MerF or MerT. Cadmium uptake mediated by MerC, MerE, MerF or MerT was inhibited under cold or acidic conditions. These findings suggest that MerC, MerE, MerF and MerT are broad-spectrum heavy metal transporters that mediate both mercury and cadmium transport into cells and that MerP accelerates the cadmium transport ability of MerC, MerE, MerF and MerT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Ohshiro
- Department of Public Health, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Shimpei Uraguchi
- Department of Public Health, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Nakamura
- Department of Public Health, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Yasukazu Takanezawa
- Department of Public Health, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Masako Kiyono
- Department of Public Health, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Molecular Characterization of Zinc, Cobalt and Cadmium Resistance Genes of Staphylococcus aureus Detected in Sub-Clinical Cases of Mastitis in Cattle and She-Camel. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.14.1.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
12
|
Chetan, Vijayalakshmi U. A systematic review of the interaction and effects generated by antimicrobial metallic substituents in bone tissue engineering. Metallomics 2020; 12:1458-1479. [DOI: 10.1039/d0mt00127a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Changes brought about by metal ions and metal nanoparticles within bacterial cells and the damage caused to the cellular membrane upon contact with negatively charged surface components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chetan
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Advanced Sciences
- Vellore Institute of Technology
- Vellore-632 014
- India
| | - Uthirapathy Vijayalakshmi
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Advanced Sciences
- Vellore Institute of Technology
- Vellore-632 014
- India
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
A comparative review towards potential of microbial cells for heavy metal removal with emphasis on biosorption and bioaccumulation. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 32:170. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-016-2117-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
14
|
Tynecka Z, Malm A, Goś-Szcześniak Z. Cd(2+) extrusion by P-type Cd(2+)-ATPase of Staphylococcus aureus 17810R via energy-dependent Cd(2+)/H(+) exchange mechanism. Biometals 2016; 29:651-63. [PMID: 27323956 PMCID: PMC4972856 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-016-9941-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cd2+ is highly toxic to Staphylococcus aureus since it blocks dithiols in cytoplasmic 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (ODHC) participating in energy conservation process. However, S. aureus 17810R is Cd2+-resistant due to possession of cadA-coded Cd2+ efflux system, recognized here as P-type Cd2+-ATPase. This Cd2+ pump utilizing cellular energy—ATP, ∆μH+ (electrochemical proton potential) and respiratory protons, extrudes Cd2+ from cytoplasm to protect dithiols in ODHC, but the mechanism of Cd2+ extrusion remains unknown. Here we propose that two Cd2+ taken up by strain 17810R via Mn2+ uniporter down membrane potential (∆ψ) generated during glutamate oxidation in 100 mM phosphate buffer (high PiB) are trapped probably by high affinity sites in cytoplasmic domain of Cd2+-ATPase, forming SCdS. This stops Cd2+ transport towards dithiols in ODHC, allowing undisturbed NADH production, its oxidation and energy conservation, while ATP could change orientation of SCdS towards facing transmembrane channel. Now, increased number of Pi-dependent protons pumped electrogenically via respiratory chain and countertransported through the channel down ∆ψ, extrude two trapped cytoplasmic Cd2+, which move to low affinity sites, being then extruded into extracellular space via ∆ψ-dependent Cd2+/H+ exchange. In 1 mM phosphate buffer (low PiB), external Cd2+ competing with decreased number of Pi-dependent protons, binds to ψs of Cd2+-ATPase channel, enters cytoplasm through the channel down ∆ψ via Cd2+/Cd2+ exchange and blocks dithiols in ODHC. However, Mg2+ pretreatment preventing external Cd2+ countertransport through the channel down ∆ψ, allowed undisturbed NADH production, its oxidation and extrusion of two cytoplasmic Cd2+ via Cd2+/H+ exchange, despite low PiB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zofia Tynecka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology with Laboratory for Microbiological Diagnostics, Medical University, Chodźki 1, 20-093, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Anna Malm
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology with Laboratory for Microbiological Diagnostics, Medical University, Chodźki 1, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Zofia Goś-Szcześniak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology with Laboratory for Microbiological Diagnostics, Medical University, Chodźki 1, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bennett BD, Brutinel ED, Gralnick JA. A Ferrous Iron Exporter Mediates Iron Resistance in Shewanella oneidensis MR-1. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:7938-44. [PMID: 26341213 PMCID: PMC4616933 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02835-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Shewanella oneidensis strain MR-1 is a dissimilatory metal-reducing bacterium frequently found in aquatic sediments. In the absence of oxygen, S. oneidensis can respire extracellular, insoluble oxidized metals, such as iron (hydr)oxides, making it intimately involved in environmental metal and nutrient cycling. The reduction of ferric iron (Fe(3+)) results in the production of ferrous iron (Fe(2+)) ions, which remain soluble under certain conditions and are toxic to cells at higher concentrations. We have identified an inner membrane protein in S. oneidensis, encoded by the gene SO_4475 and here called FeoE, which is important for survival during anaerobic iron respiration. FeoE, a member of the cation diffusion facilitator (CDF) protein family, functions to export excess Fe(2+) from the MR-1 cytoplasm. Mutants lacking feoE exhibit an increased sensitivity to Fe(2+). The export function of FeoE is specific for Fe(2+), as an feoE mutant is equally sensitive to other metal ions known to be substrates of other CDF proteins (Cd(2+), Co(2+), Cu(2+), Mn(2+), Ni(2+), or Zn(2+)). The substrate specificity of FeoE differs from that of FieF, the Escherichia coli homolog of FeoE, which has been reported to be a Cd(2+)/Zn(2+) or Fe(2+)/Zn(2+) exporter. A complemented feoE mutant has an increased growth rate in the presence of excess Fe(2+) compared to that of the ΔfeoE mutant complemented with fieF. It is possible that FeoE has evolved to become an efficient and specific Fe(2+) exporter in response to the high levels of iron often present in the types of environmental niches in which Shewanella species can be found.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brittany D Bennett
- BioTechnology Institute and Department of Microbiology, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Evan D Brutinel
- BioTechnology Institute and Department of Microbiology, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Gralnick
- BioTechnology Institute and Department of Microbiology, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hudek L, Bräu L, Michalczyk AA, Neilan BA, Meeks JC, Ackland ML. The ZntA-like NpunR4017 plays a key role in maintaining homeostatic levels of zinc in Nostoc punctiforme. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:10559-74. [PMID: 26290176 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6922-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of cellular response to zinc exposure provides insights into how organisms maintain homeostatic levels of zinc that are essential, while avoiding potentially toxic cytosolic levels. Using the cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme as a model, qRT-PCR analyses established a profile of the changes in relative mRNA levels of the ZntA-like zinc efflux transporter NpunR4017 in response to extracellular zinc. In cells treated with 18 μM of zinc for 1 h, NpunR4017 mRNA levels increased by up to 1300 % above basal levels. The accumulation and retention of radiolabelled (65)Zn by NpunR4107-deficient and overexpressing strains were compared to wild-type levels. Disruption of NpunR4017 resulted in a significant increase in zinc accumulation up to 24 % greater than the wild type, while cells overexpressing NpunR4107 accumulated 22 % less than the wild type. Accumulation of (65)Zn in ZntA(-) Escherichia coli overexpressing NpunR4017 was reduced by up to 21 %, indicating the capacity for NpunR4017 to compensate for the loss of ZntA. These findings establish the newly identified NpunR4017 as a zinc efflux transporter and a key transporter for maintaining zinc homeostasis in N. punctiforme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Hudek
- Centre for Regional and Rural Futures, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood, Victoria, 3125, Australia. .,Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood, Victoria, 3125, Australia.
| | - L Bräu
- Centre for Regional and Rural Futures, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood, Victoria, 3125, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood, Victoria, 3125, Australia
| | - A A Michalczyk
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood, Victoria, 3125, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood, Victoria, 3125, Australia
| | - B A Neilan
- Australian Centre for Astrobiology and School of Biotechnology and Biological Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - J C Meeks
- Department of Microbiology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - M L Ackland
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood, Victoria, 3125, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood, Victoria, 3125, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Deng Y, Zhang P, Qin Y, Tu Q, Yang Y, He Z, Schadt CW, Zhou J. Network succession reveals the importance of competition in response to emulsified vegetable oil amendment for uranium bioremediation. Environ Microbiol 2015; 18:205-18. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology; Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Beijing China
- Institute for Environmental Genomics and Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology; University of Oklahoma; Norman OK USA
| | - Ping Zhang
- Institute for Environmental Genomics and Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology; University of Oklahoma; Norman OK USA
| | - Yujia Qin
- Institute for Environmental Genomics and Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology; University of Oklahoma; Norman OK USA
| | - Qichao Tu
- Institute for Environmental Genomics and Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology; University of Oklahoma; Norman OK USA
| | - Yunfeng Yang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control; School of Environment; Tsinghua University; Beijing China
| | - Zhili He
- Institute for Environmental Genomics and Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology; University of Oklahoma; Norman OK USA
| | | | - Jizhong Zhou
- Institute for Environmental Genomics and Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology; University of Oklahoma; Norman OK USA
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control; School of Environment; Tsinghua University; Beijing China
- Earth Sciences Division; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Berkeley CA USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Fang Z, Dos Santos PC. Protective role of bacillithiol in superoxide stress and Fe-S metabolism in Bacillus subtilis. Microbiologyopen 2015; 4:616-31. [PMID: 25988368 PMCID: PMC4554457 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) serves as the prime thiol in most organisms as its depletion increases antibiotic and metal toxicity, impairs oxidative stress responses, and affects Fe and Fe–S cluster metabolism. Many gram-positive bacteria lack GSH, but instead produce other structurally unrelated yet functionally equivalent thiols. Among those, bacillithiol (BSH) has been recently identified in several low G+C gram-positive bacteria. In this work, we have explored the link between BSH and Fe–S metabolism in Bacillus subtilis. We have identified that B. subtilis lacking BSH is more sensitive to oxidative stress (paraquat), and metal toxicity (Cu(I) and Cd(II)), but not H2O2. Furthermore, a slow growth phenotype of BSH null strain in minimal medium was observed, which could be recovered upon the addition of selected amino acids (Leu/Ile and Glu/Gln), supplementation of iron, or chemical complementation with BSH disulfide (BSSB) to the growth medium. Interestingly, Fe–S cluster containing isopropylmalate isomerase (LeuCD) and glutamate synthase (GOGAT) showed decreased activities in BSH null strain. Deficiency of BSH also resulted in decreased levels of intracellular Fe accompanied by increased levels of manganese and altered expression levels of Fe–S cluster biosynthetic SUF components. Together, this study is the first to establish a link between BSH and Fe–S metabolism in B. subtilis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 27016
| | - Patricia C Dos Santos
- Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 27016
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ammendola S, Cerasi M, Battistoni A. Deregulation of transition metals homeostasis is a key feature of cadmium toxicity in Salmonella. Biometals 2014; 27:703-14. [DOI: 10.1007/s10534-014-9763-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
20
|
Wu G, Sun M, Liu P, Zhang X, Yu Z, Zheng Z, Chen Y, Li X. Enterococcus faecalis
strain LZ-11 isolated from Lanzhou reach of the Yellow River is able to resist and absorb Cadmium. J Appl Microbiol 2014; 116:1172-80. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2013] [Revised: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Wu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations; School of Life Sciences; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou Gansu China
| | - M. Sun
- The Cuiying Honors College; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou Gansu China
| | - P. Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations; School of Life Sciences; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou Gansu China
| | - X. Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations; School of Life Sciences; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou Gansu China
| | - Z. Yu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations; School of Life Sciences; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou Gansu China
| | - Z. Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations; School of Life Sciences; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou Gansu China
| | - Y. Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations; School of Life Sciences; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou Gansu China
| | - X. Li
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations; School of Life Sciences; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou Gansu China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Eckhardt S, Brunetto PS, Gagnon J, Priebe M, Giese B, Fromm KM. Nanobio silver: its interactions with peptides and bacteria, and its uses in medicine. Chem Rev 2013; 113:4708-54. [PMID: 23488929 DOI: 10.1021/cr300288v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 504] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Eckhardt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Characterization of a heavy metal translocating P-type ATPase gene from an environmental heavy metal resistance Enterobacter sp. isolate. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 169:1837-46. [PMID: 23344939 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-012-0047-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Heavy metals are common contaminants found in polluted areas. We have identified a heavy metal translocating P-type ATPase gene (hmtp) via fosmid library and in vitro transposon mutagenesis from an Enterobacter sp. isolate. This gene is believed to participate in the bacterium's heavy metal resistance traits. The complete gene was identified, cloned, and expressed in a suitable Escherichia coli host cell. E. coli W3110, RW3110 (zntA::Km), GG48 (ΔzitB::Cm zntA::Km), and GG51 (ΔzitB::Cm) were used to study the possible effects of this gene for heavy metal (cadmium and zinc in particular) resistance. Among the E. coli strains tested, RW3110 and GG48 showed more sensitivity to cadmium and zinc compared to the wild-type E. coli W3110 and strain GG51. Therefore, strains RW3110 and GG48 were chosen for the reference hosts for further evaluation of the gene's effect. The results showed that expression of this heavy metal translocating P-type ATPase gene could increase the ability for zinc and cadmium resistance in the tested microorganisms.
Collapse
|
23
|
Migocka M, Papierniak A, Kosatka E, Klobus G. Comparative study of the active cadmium efflux systems operating at the plasma membrane and tonoplast of cucumber root cells. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2011; 62:4903-16. [PMID: 21705389 PMCID: PMC3193004 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/err180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2011] [Revised: 03/30/2011] [Accepted: 05/03/2011] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The strategies developed by plants to avoid the toxicity of cadmium (Cd) and other heavy metals involve active sequestration of metals into the apoplast and vacuoles. The protein systems excluding heavy metals from the cell cytosol localize to the plasma membrane and tonoplast and are energized either by ATP or by the electrochemical gradient generated by H(+)-ATPase or by V-ATPase and pyrophosphatase (PPase), respectively. In this work, a comparative study on the contribution of both the plasma membrane and tonoplast in the active detoxification of plant cells after treatment with Cd was performed. The studies using plants treated and untreated with Cd reveal that both, H(+)-coupled and MgATP-driven efflux of Cd across plasma membranes and tonoplast is markedly stimulated in the presence of Cd in the environment. Previous studies on plasma-membrane localized H(+)-coupled Cd efflux together with the present data demonstrating tonoplast H(+)/Cd(2+) antiport activity suggest that H(+)-coupled secondary transport of Cd displays a lower affinity for Cd when compared with Cd primary pumps driven by MgATP. In addition, it is shown that MgATP-energized Cd efflux across both membranes is significantly enhanced by cysteine, dithiothreitol, and glutathione. These results suggest that Cd is excluded from the cytosol through an energy-dependent system as a free ion as well as a complexed form. Although both membranes contribute in the active exclusion of ionized and complexed Cd from the cytosol, the overall calculation of Cd accumulation in the everted plasma membranes and vacuolar vesicles suggests that the tonoplast and vacuole have a major function in Cd efflux from the cytosol in the roots of cucumber subjected to Cd stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Migocka
- Wroclaw University, Institute of Plant Biology, Department of Plant Physiology, Kanonia 6/8, 50-328 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hatori Y, Lewis D, Toyoshima C, Inesi G. Reaction cycle of Thermotoga maritima copper ATPase and conformational characterization of catalytically deficient mutants. Biochemistry 2009; 48:4871-80. [PMID: 19364131 PMCID: PMC2756213 DOI: 10.1021/bi900338n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Copper transport ATPases sustain important roles in homeostasis of heavy metals and delivery of copper to metalloenzymes. The copper transport ATPase from Thermotoga maritima (CopA) provides a useful system for mechanistic studies, due to its heterologous expression and stability. Its sequence comprises 726 amino acids, including the N-terminal metal binding domain (NMBD), three catalytic domains (A, N, and P), and a copper transport domain formed by eight helices, including the transmembrane metal binding site (TMBS). We performed functional characterization and conformational analysis by proteolytic digestion of WT and mutated (NMBD deletion or mutation) T. maritima CopA, comparing it with Archaeoglobus fulgidus CopA and Ca2+ ATPase. A specific feature of T. maritima CopA is ATP utilization in the absence of copper, to form a low-turnover phosphoenzyme intermediate, with a conformation similar to that obtained by phosphorylation with Pi or phosphate analogues. On the other hand, formation of an activated state requires copper binding to both NMBD and TMBS, with consequent conformational changes involving the NMBD and A domain. Proteolytic digestion analysis demonstrates A domain movements similar to those of other P-type ATPases to place the conserved TGES motif in the optimal position for catalytic assistance. We also studied an H479Q mutation (analogous to one of human copper ATPase ATP7B in Wilson disease) that inhibits ATPase activity. We found that, in spite of the H479Q mutation within the nucleotide binding domain, the mutant still binds ATP, yielding a phosphorylation transition state conformation. However, covalent phosphoryl transfer is not completed, and no catalytic turnover is observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Hatori
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California 94107, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Affiliation(s)
- Deenah Osman
- Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Hatori Y, Hirata A, Toyoshima C, Lewis D, Pilankatta R, Inesi G. Intermediate phosphorylation reactions in the mechanism of ATP utilization by the copper ATPase (CopA) of Thermotoga maritima. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:22541-9. [PMID: 18562314 PMCID: PMC2504886 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m802735200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2008] [Revised: 06/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant and purified Thermotoga maritima CopA sustains ATPase velocity of 1.78-2.73 micromol/mg/min in the presence of Cu+ (pH 6, 60 degrees C) and 0.03-0.08 micromol/mg/min in the absence of Cu+. High levels of enzyme phosphorylation are obtained by utilization of [gamma-32P]ATP in the absence of Cu+. This phosphoenzyme decays at a much slower rate than observed with Cu.E1 approximately P. In fact, the phosphoenzyme is reduced to much lower steady state levels upon addition of Cu+, due to rapid hydrolytic cleavage. Negligible ATPase turnover is sustained by CopA following deletion of its N-metal binding domain (DeltaNMBD) or mutation of NMBD cysteines (CXXC). Nevertheless, high levels of phosphoenzyme are obtained by utilization of [gamma-3)P]ATP by the DeltaNMBD and CXXC mutants, with no effect of Cu+ either on its formation or hydrolytic cleavage. Phosphoenzyme formation (E2P) can also be obtained by utilization of Pi, and this reaction is inhibited by Cu+ (E2 to E1 transition) even in the DeltaNMBD mutant, evidently due to Cu+ binding at a (transport) site other than the NMBD. E2P undergoes hydrolytic cleavage faster in DeltaNMBD and slower in CXXC mutant. We propose that Cu+ binding to the NMBD is required to produce an "active" conformation of CopA, whereby additional Cu+ bound to an alternate (transmembrane transport) site initiates faster cycles including formation of Cu.E1 approximately P, followed by the E1 approximately P to E2-P conformational transition and hydrolytic cleavage of phosphate. An H479Q mutation (analogous to one found in Wilson disease) renders CopA unable to utilize ATP, whereas phosphorylation by Pi is retained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Hatori
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Yang Y, Mandal AK, Bredeston LM, González-Flecha FL, Argüello JM. Activation of Archaeoglobus fulgidus Cu+-ATPase CopA by cysteine. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2007; 1768:495-501. [PMID: 17064659 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2006.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2006] [Revised: 09/13/2006] [Accepted: 09/18/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
CopA, a thermophilic ATPase from Archaeoglobus fulgidus, drives the outward movement of Cu(+) across the cell membrane. Millimolar concentration of Cys dramatically increases ( congruent with 800%) the activity of CopA and other P(IB)-type ATPases (Escherichia coli ZntA and Arabidopsis thaliana HMA2). The high affinity of CopA for metal ( congruent with 1 microM) together with the low Cu(+)-Cys K(D) (<10(-10)M) suggested a multifaceted interaction of Cys with CopA, perhaps acting as a substitute for the Cu(+) chaperone protein present in vivo. To explain the activation by the amino acid and further understand the mechanism of metal delivery to transport ATPases, Cys effects on the turnover and partial reactions of CopA were studied. 2-20 mM Cys accelerates enzyme turnover with little effect on CopA affinity for Cu(+), suggesting a metal independent activation. Furthermore, Cys activates the p-nitrophenyl phosphatase activity of CopA, even though this activity is metal independent. Cys accelerates enzyme phosphorylation and the forward dephosphorylation rates yielding higher steady state phosphoenzyme levels. The faster dephosphorylation would explain the higher enzyme turnover in the presence of Cys. The amino acid has no significant effect on low affinity ATP K(m) suggesting no changes in the E(1)<-->E(2) equilibrium. Characterization of Cu(+) transport into sealed vesicles indicates that Cys acts on the cytoplasmic side of the enzyme. However, the Cys activation of truncated CopA lacking the N-terminal metal binding domain (N-MBD) indicates that activation by Cys is independent of the regulatory N-MBD. These results suggest that Cys is a non-essential activator of CopA, interacting with the cytoplasmic side of the enzyme while this is in an E1 form. Interestingly, these effects also point out that Cu(+) can reach the cytoplasmic opening of the access path into the transmembrane transport sites either as a free metal or a Cu(+)-Cys complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Rd., Worcester, MA 01609, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Naz N, Young HK, Ahmed N, Gadd GM. Cadmium accumulation and DNA homology with metal resistance genes in sulfate-reducing bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 2005; 71:4610-8. [PMID: 16085855 PMCID: PMC1183370 DOI: 10.1128/aem.71.8.4610-4618.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2004] [Accepted: 02/28/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium resistance (0.1 to 1.0 mM) was studied in four pure and one mixed culture of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). The growth of the bacteria was monitored with respect to carbon source (lactate) oxidation and sulfate reduction in the presence of various concentrations of cadmium chloride. Two strains Desulfovibrio desulfuricans DSM 1926 and Desulfococcus multivorans DSM 2059 showed the highest resistance to cadmium (0.5 mM). Transmission electron microscopy of the two strains showed intracellular and periplasmic accumulation of cadmium. Dot blot DNA hybridization using the probes for the smtAB, cadAC, and cadD genes indicated the presence of similar genetic determinants of heavy metal resistance in the SRB tested. DNA sequencing of the amplified DNA showed strong nucleotide homology in all the SRB strains with the known smtAB genes encoding synechococcal metallothioneins. Protein homology with the known heavy metal-translocating ATPases was also detected in the cloned amplified DNA of Desulfomicrobium norvegicum I1 and Desulfovibrio desulfuricans DSM 1926, suggesting the presence of multiple genetic mechanisms of metal resistance in the two strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naghma Naz
- Division of Environmental and Applied Biology, Biological Sciences Institute, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Eren E, Argüello JM. Arabidopsis HMA2, a divalent heavy metal-transporting P(IB)-type ATPase, is involved in cytoplasmic Zn2+ homeostasis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2004; 136:3712-23. [PMID: 15475410 PMCID: PMC527169 DOI: 10.1104/pp.104.046292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2004] [Revised: 07/19/2004] [Accepted: 07/23/2004] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
PIB-type ATPases transport heavy metal ions (Cu+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Co2+, etc.) across biological membranes. Several members of this subfamily are present in plants. Higher plants are the only eukaryotes where putative Zn(2+)-ATPases have been identified. We have cloned HMA2, a PIB-ATPase present in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), and functionally characterized this enzyme after heterologous expression in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). HMA2 is a Zn(2+)-dependent ATPase that is also activated by Cd2+ and, to a lesser extent, by other divalent heavy metals (Pb2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, and Co2+). The enzyme forms an acid-stable phosphorylated intermediate and is inhibited by vanadate. HMA2 interacts with Zn2+ and Cd2+ with high affinity (Zn2+ K(1/2) = 0.11 +/- 0.03 microm and Cd2+ K(1/2) = 0.031 +/- 0.007 microm). However, its activity is dependent on millimolar concentrations of Cys in the assay media. Zn2+ transport determinations indicate that the enzyme drives the outward transport of metals from the cell cytoplasm. Analysis of HMA2 mRNA suggests that the enzyme is present in all plant organs and transcript levels do not change in plants exposed to various metals. Removal of HMA2 full-length transcript results in Zn2+ accumulation in plant tissues. hma2 mutant plants also accumulate Cd2+ when exposed to this metal. These results suggest that HMA2 is responsible for Zn2+ efflux from the cells and therefore is required for maintaining low cytoplasmic Zn2+ levels and normal Zn2+ homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elif Eren
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Mana-Capelli S, Mandal AK, Argüello JM. Archaeoglobus fulgidus CopB is a thermophilic Cu2+-ATPase: functional role of its histidine-rich-N-terminal metal binding domain. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:40534-41. [PMID: 12876283 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m306907200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
P1B-type ATPases transport heavy metal ions across cellular membranes. Archaeoglobus fulgidus CopB is a member of this subfamily. We have cloned, expressed in Escherichia coli, and functionally characterized this enzyme. CopB and its homologs are distinguished by a metal binding sequence Cys-Pro-His in their sixth transmembrane segment (H6) and a His-rich N-terminal metal binding domain (His-N-MBD). CopB is a thermophilic protein active at 75 degrees C and high ionic strength. It is activated by Cu2+ with high apparent affinity (K1/2 = 0.28 microm) and partially by Cu+ and Ag+ (22 and 55%, respectively). The higher turnover was associated with a faster phosphorylation rate in the presence of Cu2+. A truncated CopB lacking the first 54 amino acids was constructed to characterize the His-N-MBD. This enzyme showed reduced ATPase activity (50% of wild type) but no changes in metal selectivity, ATP dependence, or phosphorylation levels. However, a slower rate of dephosphorylation of the E2P(Cu2+) form was observed for truncated CopB. The data suggest that the presence of the His residue in the putative transmembrane metal binding site of CopB determines a selectivity for this enzyme that is different for that observed in Cu+/Ag+-ATPases carrying a Cys-Pro-Cys sequence. The His-NMBD appears to have a regulatory role affecting the metal transport rate by controlling the metal release/dephosphorylation rates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebasián Mana-Capelli
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
It is difficult to over-state the importance of Zn(II) in biology. It is a ubiquitous essential metal ion and plays a role in catalysis, protein structure and perhaps as a signal molecule, in organisms from all three kingdoms. Of necessity, organisms have evolved to optimise the intracellular availability of Zn(II) despite the extracellular milieu. To this end, prokaryotes contain a range of Zn(II) import, Zn(II) export and/or binding proteins, some of which utilise either ATP or the chemiosmotic potential to drive the movement of Zn(II) across the cytosolic membrane, together with proteins that facilitate the diffusion of this ion across either the outer or inner membranes of prokaryotes. This review seeks to give an overview of the systems currently classified as altering Zn(II) availability in prokaryotes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dayle K Blencowe
- Cardiff School of Biosciences (2), Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, P.O. Box 911, Cardiff CF10 3US, Wales, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Argüello JM, Mandal AK, Mana-Capelli S. Heavy metal transport CPx-ATPases from the thermophile Archaeoglobus fulgidus. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2003; 986:212-8. [PMID: 12763798 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07162.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PIB-type ATPases transport diverse heavy metals (Cu(+), Ag(+), Cu(2+). Zn(2+), Cd(2+), Pb(2+), Co(2+)) across membranes. Toward understanding their mechanisms of metal selectivity, we are studying thermophilic archaeal PIB-type ATPases. Like other PIB ATPases, these are characterized by the presence of a cation binding CPX sequence in their 6th transmembrane segment and by cytoplasmic N-terminus metal binding domains (N-MBDs). CopA and CopB from the thermophile Archaeoglobus fulgidus were cloned and expressed in E. coli. The resulting proteins were purified in a soluble active form. Typical yields were in the order of 3-5 mg of pure protein per liter of bacterial culture. Both enzymes showed maximum activity at 75-85 degrees C. CopA was activated by Ag(+)>Cu(+) while CopB was activated by Cu(2+)>Ag(+)>Cu(+). The differences in enzyme selectivity can be explained by different consensus sequences in the transmembrane cation binding domain (CopA: CPC, CopB: CPH). Mutagenesis studies show that the cysteines in the transmembrane CPC site of CopA are necessary for enzyme function, while those in the N-MBD (CXXC), although not essential, are required for maximum enzyme activity. Different from CopA, CopB has a His-rich N-MBD. Removal of this domain reduced enzyme activity without affecting enzyme selectivity. These studies show that these enzymes are an excellent system for structural functional studies directed to explain the mechanisms of metal selectivity by PIB ATPases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José M Argüello
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Massachusetts 01609, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Rosen BP. Transport and detoxification systems for transition metals, heavy metals and metalloids in eukaryotic and prokaryotic microbes. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2002; 133:689-93. [PMID: 12443926 DOI: 10.1016/s1095-6433(02)00201-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Transition metals, heavy metals and metalloids are usually toxic in excess, but a number of transition metals are essential trace elements. In all cells there are mechanisms for metal ion homeostasis that frequently involve a balance between uptake and efflux systems. This review will briefly describe ATP-coupled resistance pumps. ZntA and CadA are bacterial P-type ATPases that confers resistance to Zn(II), Cd(II) and Pb(II). Homologous copper pumps include the Menkes and Wilson disease proteins and CopA, an Escherichia coli pump that confers resistance to Cu(I). For resistance to arsenicals and antimonials there are several different families of transporters. In E. coli the ArsAB ATPase is a novel system that confers resistance to As(III) and Sb(III). Eukaryotic arsenic resistance transporters include Acr3p and Ycf1p of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. These systems provide resistance to arsenite [As(III)]. Arsenate [As(V)] detoxification involves reduction of As(V) to As(III), a process catalyzed by arsenate reductase enzymes. There are three families of arsenate reductases, two found in bacterial systems and a third identified in S. cerevisiae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barry P Rosen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Wong MD, Lin YF, Rosen BP. The soft metal ion binding sites in the Staphylococcus aureus pI258 CadC Cd(II)/Pb(II)/Zn(II)-responsive repressor are formed between subunits of the homodimer. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:40930-6. [PMID: 12176999 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m206536200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The Staphylococcus aureus plasmid pI258 CadC is a homodimeric repressor that binds Cd(II), Pb(II), and Zn(II) and regulates expression of the cadAC operon. CadC binds two Cd(II) ions per dimer, with a tetrathiolate binding site composed of residues Cys(7), Cys(11), Cys(58), and Cys(60). It is not known whether each site consists of residues from a single monomer or from residues contributed by both subunits. To examine whether Cys(7) and Cys(11) are spatially proximate to Cys(58) and Cys(60) of the same subunit or of the other subunit, homodimers with the same cysteine mutation in each subunit and heterodimers containing different cysteine mutations in the two subunits were reacted with 4,6-bis(bromomethyl)-3,7-dimethyl-1,5-diazabicyclo[3.3.0]octa-3,6-diene-2,8-dione, which cross-links thiol groups that are within 3-6 A of each other. Cys(7) or Cys(11) cross-linked only with Cys(58) or Cys(60) on the other subunit. The data demonstrate that Cys(7) and Cys(11) from one monomer are within 3-6 A of either Cys(58) or Cys(60) in the other monomer. The results of this study strongly indicate that each of the two Cd(II) binding sites in the CadC homodimer is composed of Cys(7) and Cys(11) from one monomer and Cys(58) and Cys(60) from the other monomer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco D Wong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 540 E Canfield Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Tong L, Nakashima S, Shibasaka M, Katsuhara M, Kasamo K. A novel histidine-rich CPx-ATPase from the filamentous cyanobacterium Oscillatoria brevis related to multiple-heavy-metal cotolerance. J Bacteriol 2002; 184:5027-35. [PMID: 12193618 PMCID: PMC135323 DOI: 10.1128/jb.184.18.5027-5035.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel gene related to heavy-metal transport was cloned and identified from the filamentous cyanobacterium Oscillatoria brevis. Sequence analysis of the gene (the Bxa1 gene) showed that its product possessed high homology with heavy-metal transport CPx-ATPases. The CPC motif, which is proposed to form putative cation transduction channel, was found in the sixth transmembrane helix. However, instead of the CXXC motif that is present in the N termini of most metal transport CPx-ATPases, Bxa1 contains a unique Cys-Cys (CC) sequence element and histidine-rich motifs as a putative metal binding site. Northern blotting and real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR showed that expression of Bxa1 mRNA was induced in vivo by both monovalent (Cu(+) and Ag(+)) and divalent (Zn(2+) and Cd(2+)) heavy-metal ions at similar levels. Experiments on heavy-metal tolerance in Escherichia coli with recombinant Bxa1 demonstrated that Bxa1 conferred resistance to both monovalent and divalent heavy metals. This is the first report of a CPx-ATPase responsive to both monovalent and divalent heavy metals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liu Tong
- Research Institute for Bioresources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0046, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Tsai KJ, Lin YF, Wong MD, Yang HHC, Fu HL, Rosen BP. Membrane topology of the p1258 CadA Cd(II)/Pb(II)/Zn(II)-translocating P-type ATPase. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2002; 34:147-56. [PMID: 12171064 DOI: 10.1023/a:1016085301323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Plasmid p1258 carries the cadA gene that confers resistance to cadmium, lead, and zinc. CadA catalyzes ATP-dependent cadmium efflux from cells of Staphylococcus aureus. It is a member of the superfamily of P-type ATPases and belongs to the subfamily of soft metal ion pumps. In this study the membrane topology of this P-type ATPase was determined by constructing fusions with the topological reporter genes phoA or lacZ. A series of 44 C-terminal truncated CadAs were fused with one or the other reporter gene, and the activity of each chimeric protein was determined. In addition, the location of the first transmembrane segment was determined by immunoblot analysis. The results are consistent with the p1258 CadA ATPase having eight transmembrane segments. The first 109 residues is a cytosolic domain that includes the Cys(X)2Cys motif that distinguishes soft metal ion-translocating P-type ATPases from their hard metal ion-translocating homologues. Another feature of soft metal ion P-type ATPases is the CysProCys motif, which is found in the sixth transmembrane segment of CadA. The phosphorylation site and ATP binding domain conserved in all P-type ATPases are situated within the large cytoplasmic loop between the sixth and seventh transmembrane segments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kan-Jen Tsai
- School of Medical Technology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Mandal AK, Cheung WD, Argüello JM. Characterization of a thermophilic P-type Ag+/Cu+-ATPase from the extremophile Archaeoglobus fulgidus. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:7201-8. [PMID: 11756450 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109964200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The thermophilic, sulfur metabolizing Archaeoglobus fulgidus contains two genes, AF0473 and AF0152, encoding for PIB-type heavy metal transport ATPases. In this study, we describe the cloning, heterologous expression, purification, and functional characterization of one of these ATPases, CopA (NCB accession number AAB90763), encoded by AF0473. CopA is active at high temperatures (75 degrees C; E(a) = 103 kJ/mol) and inactive at 37 degrees C. It is activated by Ag+ (ATPase V(max) = 14.82 micromol/mg/h) and to a lesser extent by Cu+ (ATPase V(max) = 3.66 micromol/mg/h). However, Cu+ interacts with the enzyme with higher apparent affinity (ATPase stimulation, Ag+ K(12) = 29.4 microm; Cu+ K(12) = 2.1 microm). This activation by Ag+ or Cu+ is dependent on the presence of millimolar amounts of cysteine. In the presence of ATP, these metals drive the formation of an acid-stable phosphoenzyme with apparent affinities similar to those observed in the ATPase activity determinations (Ag+, K(12) = 23.0 microm; Cu+, K(12) = 3.9 microm). However, comparable levels of phosphoenzyme are reached in the presence of both cations (Ag+, 1.40 nmol/mg; Cu+, 1.08 nmol/mg). The stimulation of phosphorylation by the cations suggests that CopA drives the outward movement of the metal. CopA presents additional functional characteristics similar to other P-type ATPases. ATP interacts with the enzyme with two apparent affinities (ATPase K(m) = 0.25 mm; phosphorylation K(m) = 4.81 microm), and the presence of vanadate leads to enzyme inactivation (IC(50) = 24 microm). This is the first Ag+/Cu+ -ATPase expressed and purified in a functional form. Thus, it provides a model for structure-functional studies of these transporters. Moreover, its characterization will also contribute to an understanding of thermophilic ion transporters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atin K Mandal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA 01609, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Geslin C, Llanos J, Prieur D, Jeanthon C. The manganese and iron superoxide dismutases protect Escherichia coli from heavy metal toxicity. Res Microbiol 2001; 152:901-5. [PMID: 11766965 DOI: 10.1016/s0923-2508(01)01273-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Superoxide dismutases (SODs) are vital components that defend against oxidative stress through decomposition of superoxide radical. Escherichia coli contains two highly homologous SODs, a manganese- and an iron-containing enzyme (Mn-SOD and Fe-SOD, respectively). In contrast, a single Mn-SOD is present in Bacillus subtilis. In E. coli, the absence of SODs was found to be associated with an increased sensitivity to cadmium, nickel and cobalt ions. Mutants lacking either sodA or sodB exhibited metal resistance to levels comparable to that of the wild-type strain. Although sod-deficient mutant cells were more resistant to zinc than their wild-type counterpart, no differences between the strains were observed in the presence of copper. In B. subtilis, the sodA mutation had no effect on cadmium and copper resistance. These results suggest that intracellular generation of superoxide by cadmium, nickel and cobalt is toxic in E. coli. They support the participation of sod genes in its protection against metal stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Geslin
- UMR 6539, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Technopole Brest-Iroise, Plouzané, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Affiliation(s)
- D Gatti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Williams LE, Pittman JK, Hall JL. Emerging mechanisms for heavy metal transport in plants. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2000; 1465:104-26. [PMID: 10748249 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2736(00)00133-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Heavy metal ions such as Cu(2+), Zn(2+), Mn(2+), Fe(2+), Ni(2+) and Co(2+) are essential micronutrients for plant metabolism but when present in excess, these, and non-essential metals such as Cd(2+), Hg(2+) and Pb(2+), can become extremely toxic. Thus mechanisms must exist to satisfy the requirements of cellular metabolism but also to protect cells from toxic effects. The mechanisms deployed in the acquisition of essential heavy metal micronutrients have not been clearly defined although a number of genes have now been identified which encode potential transporters. This review concentrates on three classes of membrane transporters that have been implicated in the transport of heavy metals in a variety of organisms and could serve such a role in plants: the heavy metal (CPx-type) ATPases, the natural resistance-associated macrophage protein (Nramp) family and members of the cation diffusion facilitator (CDF) family. We aim to give an overview of the main features of these transporters in plants in terms of structure, function and regulation drawing on information from studies in a wide variety of organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L E Williams
- University of Southampton, School of Biological Sciences, Bassett Crescent East, Southampton, UK.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Sharma R, Rensing C, Rosen BP, Mitra B. The ATP hydrolytic activity of purified ZntA, a Pb(II)/Cd(II)/Zn(II)-translocating ATPase from Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:3873-8. [PMID: 10660539 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.275.6.3873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
ZntA, a soft metal-translocating P1-type ATPase from Escherichia coli, confers resistance to Pb(II), Cd(II), and Zn(II). ZntA was expressed as a histidyl-tagged protein, solubilized from membranes with Triton X-100, and purified to homogeneity. The soft metal-dependent ATP hydrolysis activity of purified ZntA was characterized. The activity was specific for Pb(II), Cd(II), Zn(II), and Hg(II), with the highest activity obtained when the metals were present as thiolate complexes of cysteine or glutathione. The maximal ATPase activity of ZntA was approximately 3 micromol/(mg x min) obtained with the Pb(II)-thiolate complex. In the absence of thiolates, Cd(II) inhibits ZntA above pH 6, whereas the Cd(II)-thiolate complexes stimulate activity, suggesting that a metal-thiolate complex is the true substrate in vivo. These results are consistent with the physiological role of ZntA as mediator of resistance to toxic concentrations of the divalent soft metals, Pb(II), Cd(II), and Zn(II), by ATP-dependent efflux. Our results confirm that ZntA is the first Pb(II)-dependent ATPase discovered to date.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Kärenlampi S, Schat H, Vangronsveld J, Verkleij JA, van der Lelie D, Mergeay M, Tervahauta AI. Genetic engineering in the improvement of plants for phytoremediation of metal polluted soils. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2000; 107:225-31. [PMID: 15092999 DOI: 10.1016/s0269-7491(99)00141-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/1998] [Accepted: 05/22/1999] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Metal concentrations in soils are locally quite high, and are still increasing due to many human activities, leading to elevated risk for health and the environment. Phytoremediation may offer a viable solution to this problem, and the approach is gaining increasing interest. Improvement of plants by genetic engineering, i.e. by modifying characteristics like metal uptake, transport and accumulation as well as metal tolerance, opens up new possibilities for phytoremediation. So far, only a few cases have been reported where one or more of these characteristics have been successfully altered; e.g. mercuric ion reduction causing improved resistance and phytoextraction, and metallothionein causing enhanced cadmium tolerance. These, together with other approaches and potentially promising genes for transformation of target plants are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Kärenlampi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Kuopio, PO Box 1627, FIN-70211, Finland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Hao Z, Chen S, Wilson DB. Cloning, expression, and characterization of cadmium and manganese uptake genes from Lactobacillus plantarum. Appl Environ Microbiol 1999; 65:4746-52. [PMID: 10543781 PMCID: PMC91639 DOI: 10.1128/aem.65.11.4746-4752.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/1999] [Accepted: 07/22/1999] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An Mn(2+) and Cd(2+) uptake gene, mntA, was cloned from Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 14917 into Escherichia coli. Its expression conferred on E. coli cells increased Cd(2+) sensitivity as well as energy-dependent Cd(2+) uptake activity. Both transcription and translation of mntA were induced by Mn(2+) starvation in L. plantarum, as indicated by reverse transcriptase PCR and immunoblotting. Two Cd(2+) uptake systems have been identified in L. plantarum: one is a high-affinity Mn(2+) and Cd(2+) uptake system that is expressed in Mn(2+)-starved cells, and the other is a nonsaturable Cd(2+) uptake system that is expressed in Cd(2+)-sufficient cells (Z. Hao, H. R. Reiske, and D. B. Wilson, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65:592-99, 1999). MntA was not detected in an Mn(2+)-dependent mutant of L. plantarum which had lost high-affinity Mn(2+) and Cd(2+) uptake activity. The results suggest that mntA is the gene encoding the high-affinity Mn(2+) and Cd(2+) transporter. On the basis of its predicted amino acid sequence, MntA belongs to the family of P-type cation-translocating ATPases. The topology and potential Mn(2+)- and Cd(2+)-binding sites of MntA are discussed. A second clone containing a low-affinity Cd(2+) transport system was also isolated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z Hao
- Institute for Comparative and Environmental Toxicology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Affiliation(s)
- C Rensing
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Herrmann L, Schwan D, Garner R, Mobley HL, Haas R, Schäfer KP, Melchers K. Helicobacter pylori cadA encodes an essential Cd(II)-Zn(II)-Co(II) resistance factor influencing urease activity. Mol Microbiol 1999; 33:524-36. [PMID: 10417643 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2958.1999.01496.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Inactivation of Helicobacter pylori cadA, encoding a putative transition metal ATPase, was only possible in one of four natural competent H. pylori strains, designated 69A. All tested cadA mutants showed increased growth sensitivity to Cd(II) and Zn(II). In addition, some of them showed both reduced 63Ni accumulation during growth and no or impaired urease activity, which was not due to lack of urease enzyme subunits. Gene complementation experiments with plasmid (pY178)-derived H. pylori cadA failed to correct the deficiencies, whereas resistance to Cd(II) and Zn(II) was restored. Moreover, pY178 conferred increased Co(II) resistance to both the cadA mutants and the wild-type strain 69A. Heterologous expression of H. pylori cadA in an Escherichia coli zntA mutant resulted in an elevated resistance to Cd(II) and Zn(II). Expression of cadA in E. coli SE5000 harbouring H. pylori nixA, which encodes a divalent cation importer along with the H. pylori urease gene cluster, led to about a threefold increase in urease activity compared with E. coli control cells lacking the H. pylori cadA gene. These results suggest that H. pylori CadA is an essential resistance pump with ion specificity towards Cd(II), Zn(II) and Co(II). They also point to a possible role of H. pylori CadA in high-level activity of H. pylori urease, an enzyme sensitive to a variety of metal ions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Herrmann
- Department of Molecular Biology, Byk Gulden Pharmaceuticals, D-78462 Konstanz, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
The cad operon of Staphylococcus aureus plasmid pI258, which confers cadmium resistance, encodes a transcriptional regulator, CadC, and CadA, an ATP-coupled Cd(II) pump that is a member of the superfamily of cation-translocating P-type ATPases. The Escherichia coli homologue of CadA, termed ZntA, is a Zn(II)/Cd(II) pump. The results described in this paper support the hypothesis that ZntA and CadA are Pb(II) pumps. First, CadC is a metal-responsive repressor that responds to soft metals in the order Pb>Cd>Zn. Second, both CadA and ZntA confer resistance to Pb(II). Third, transport of 65Zn(II) in everted membrane vesicles of E. coli catalyzed by either of these two P-type ATPase superfamily members is inhibited by Pb(II).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Rensing
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
Bacteria possess multiple mechanisms for the transport of metal ions. While many of these systems may have evolved in the first instance to resist the detrimental effects of toxic environmental heavy metals, they have since become adapted to a variety of important homeostatic functions. The 'P'-type ATPases play a key role in metal ion transport in bacteria. A Cu+-ATPase from the intracellular bacterium Listeria monocytogenes is implicated in pathogenesis, and similar pumps in Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M. leprae may play a comparable role. Intracellular bacteria require transition metal cations for the synthesis of superoxide dismutases and catalases, which constitute an important line of defence against macrophage-killing mechanisms. The macrophage protein Nramp1, which confers resistance to a variety of intracellular pathogens, has also been shown recently to be a divalent amphoteric cation transporter. Mycobacterial homologues have recently been identified by genomic analysis. These findings suggest a model in which competition for divalent cations plays a pivotal role in the interaction between host and parasite.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D D Agranoff
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Sciences, St George's Hospital Medical School, London, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Westenberg DJ, Guerinot ML. Regulation of bacterial gene expression by metals. ADVANCES IN GENETICS 1998; 36:187-238. [PMID: 9348656 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2660(08)60310-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D J Westenberg
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Rensing C, Mitra B, Rosen BP. The zntA gene of Escherichia coli encodes a Zn(II)-translocating P-type ATPase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1997; 94:14326-31. [PMID: 9405611 PMCID: PMC24962 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.94.26.14326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/1997] [Accepted: 10/24/1997] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The first Zn(II)-translocating P-type ATPase has been identified as the product of o732, a potential gene identified in the sequencing of the Escherichia coli genome. This gene, termed zntA, was disrupted by insertion of a kanamycin gene through homologous recombination. The mutant strain exhibited hypersensitivity to zinc and cadmium salts but not salts of other metals, suggesting a role in zinc homeostasis in E. coli. Everted membrane vesicles from a wild-type strain accumulated 65Zn(II) and 109Cd(II) by using ATP as an energy source. Transport was sensitive to vanadate, an inhibitor of P-type ATPases. Membrane vesicles from the zntA::kan strain did not accumulate those metal ions. Both the sensitive phenotype and transport defect of the mutant were complemented by expression of zntA on a plasmid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Rensing
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 East Canfield Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
The Menkes ATPase is the product of the MNK gene, defective in some inherited human disorders of copper metabolism. We here show the formation of an acylphosphate intermediate by the murine MNK homologue in membranes from normal and copper resistant Chinese hamster ovary cells. In the latter, fivefold higher levels of acylphosphate were formed. Challenging these cells with copper, which induces relocation of the MNK ATPase from the trans-Golgi network to the plasma membrane, did not influence acylphosphate formation. The kinetics of phosphorylation, metal dependence, and sensitivity to inhibitors were investigated. The results show that the MNK ATPase is an active P-type ATPase and provide a direct functional test for this enzyme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Solioz
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Berne, Switzerland.
| | | |
Collapse
|