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Hatrongjit R, Fittipaldi N, Gottschalk M, Kerdsin A. Genomic epidemiology in Streptococcus suis: Moving beyond traditional typing techniques. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27818. [PMID: 38509941 PMCID: PMC10951601 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a bacterial gram-positive pathogen that causes invasive infections in swine and is also a zoonotic disease agent. Traditional molecular typing techniques such as ribotyping, multilocus sequence typing, pulse-field gel electrophoresis, or randomly amplified polymorphic DNA have been used to investigate S. suis population structure, evolution, and genetic relationships and support epidemiological and virulence investigations. However, these traditional typing techniques do not fully reveal the genetically heterogeneous nature of S. suis strains. The high-resolution provided by whole-genome sequencing (WGS), which is now more affordable and more commonly available in research and clinical settings, has unlocked the exploration of S. suis genetics at full resolution, permitting the determination of population structure, genetic diversity, identification of virulent clades, genetic markers, and other bacterial features of interest. This approach will likely become the new gold standard for S. suis strain typing as WGS instruments become more widely available and traditional typing techniques are gradually replaced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rujirat Hatrongjit
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon, Thailand
| | - Nahuel Fittipaldi
- GREMIP, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marcelo Gottschalk
- GREMIP, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anusak Kerdsin
- Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon, Thailand
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2
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Meng J, Li C, Wang Y, Bian Z, Chu P, Zhai S, Yang D, Song S, Li Y, Jiang Z, Zhang K, Li Y, Gou H. Accelerated loop-mediated isothermal amplification method for the rapid detection of Streptococcus suis serotypes 2 and 14 based on single nucleotide polymorphisms. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1034762. [PMID: 36439234 PMCID: PMC9691836 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1034762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis serotypes 2 and 14 are the most prevalent zoonotic strains. The establishment of a sensitive and extremely accurate method for point-of-care testing for Streptococcus suis serotype 2 and 14 strains is highly desirable. In this study, a loop primer probe-introduced loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay was developed to differentiate Streptococcus suis serotypes 2 and 14 based on SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism). The specific fluorescent probes were designed for the SNP site specific for serotype 2 and 14 Streptococcus suis cpsK genes, and the loop primer probe-introduced loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay was developed using the specific cleavage properties of the RNase H2 enzyme. Rapid and efficient LAMP assays were realized through the use of loop forward primers and stem forward primers. The results showed that the amplification reaction can be performed efficiently at 59°C. The results can be real-time detected or judged using a smartphone and a 3D-printed visualization cassette. The sensitivity of the LAMP assay can reach 18.4 CFU within 40 minutes. The detection rate of the assay system was evaluated using 19 clinical samples with suspected Streptococcus suis infection, and the detection rate was consistent with the sequencing method, suggesting that the test is highly practical. The LAMP assay for Streptococcus suis serotypes 2 and 14 established in this study has strong specificity, high sensitivity, and simple operation, while the reaction can be performed at an isothermal temperature and is not dependent on complex instruments or professional operators, making it suitable for field testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Meng
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunling Li
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention, Guangzhou, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, China
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhibiao Bian
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention, Guangzhou, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, China
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pinpin Chu
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention, Guangzhou, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, China
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaolun Zhai
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention, Guangzhou, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, China
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongxia Yang
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention, Guangzhou, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, China
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Song
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention, Guangzhou, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, China
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Li
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention, Guangzhou, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, China
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyong Jiang
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention, Guangzhou, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, China
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kunli Zhang
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention, Guangzhou, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, China
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yugu Li
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yugu Li, ; Hongchao Gou,
| | - Hongchao Gou
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention, Guangzhou, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, China
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yugu Li, ; Hongchao Gou,
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Qu W, Dong M, Pan Y, Xie S, Yuan Z, Huang L. Preparation of Aditoprim Injection against Streptococcus suis in Pigs and a Dose Regimen Based on Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Modeling. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14040730. [PMID: 35456564 PMCID: PMC9028088 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14040730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to effectively treat the infection of Streptococcus suis and reduce the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria, an aditoprim (ADP) injection was developed in this study. The pharmaceutical property investigation results demonstrated that ADP injection was a clear yellow liquid with 10 g ADP distributing in every 100 mL solution uniformly. Its pH value and drug content were around 6.20 and 99.35~100.40%, respectively. And quality assessment preliminarily indicated its reliable quality and stability. Additionally, the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid method was first applied to evaluate accurate ADP concentration at infection site in this study. Through pharmacodynamic assay, the MIC, MBC and MPC of ADP against Streptococcus suis CVCC 607 was 2 μg/mL, 4 μg/mL and 12.8 μg/mL, respectively. The bacteria growth inhibition curves showed that ADP was a concentration-dependent antibacterial drug, and the PK-PD model parameter of AUC/MIC was selected. The pharmacokinetic parameters of alveolar fluid evaluated by WinNonlin software revealed similar pharmacokinetic process of ADP in healthy pigs and infected pigs. Combined with pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics (PK-PD) modeling, the dosage regimen of 3~5 days with an interval of 12 h at 4.10 mg/kg or 5.91 mg/kg could be adopted to treat the infection of Streptococcus suis. Consequently, this ADP injection with a multi-dose protocol would be a promising antimicrobial product for efficient treatment of S. suis infection of pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qu
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.Q.); (M.D.); (Y.P.); (S.X.); (Z.Y.)
- MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Mengxiao Dong
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.Q.); (M.D.); (Y.P.); (S.X.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Yuanhu Pan
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.Q.); (M.D.); (Y.P.); (S.X.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Shuyu Xie
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.Q.); (M.D.); (Y.P.); (S.X.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Zonghui Yuan
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.Q.); (M.D.); (Y.P.); (S.X.); (Z.Y.)
- MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lingli Huang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.Q.); (M.D.); (Y.P.); (S.X.); (Z.Y.)
- MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-27-87287140-8108
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Gajdács M, Németh A, Knausz M, Barrak I, Stájer A, Mestyán G, Melegh S, Nyul A, Tóth Á, Ágoston Z, Urbán E. Streptococcus suis: An Underestimated Emerging Pathogen in Hungary? Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8091292. [PMID: 32847011 PMCID: PMC7570012 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8091292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is an emerging zoonotic pathogen, demonstrated as an etiological agent in human infections in increasing frequency, including diseases like purulent meningitis, sepsis, uveitis-endophtalmitis and arthritis. Due to the increased availability and utility of novel diagnostic technologies in clinical microbiology, more studies have been published on the epidemiology of S. suis, both in veterinary and human medicine; however, there are no comprehensive data available regarding human S. suis infections from East-Central European countries. As a part of our study, data were collected from the National Bacteriological Surveillance (NBS) system on patients who had at least one positive microbiological result for S. suis, corresponding to an 18-year study period (2002-2019). n = 74 S. suis strains were isolated from invasive human infections, corresponding to 34 patients. The number of affected patients was 1.89 ± 1.53/year (range: 0-5). Most isolates originated from blood culture (63.5%) and cerebrospinal fluid (18.9%) samples. Additionally, we present detailed documentation of three instructive cases from three regions of the country and with three distinctly different outcomes. Hungary has traditional agriculture, the significant portion of which includes the production and consumption of pork meat, with characteristic preparation and consumption customs and unfavorable epidemiological characteristics (alcohol consumption, prevalence of malignant diseases or diabetes), which have all been described as important predisposing factors for the development of serious infections. Clinicians and microbiologist need to be vigilant even in nonendemic areas, especially if the patients have a history of occupational hazards or having close contact with infected pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márió Gajdács
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös utca 6., 6720 Szeged, Hungary
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4., 1089 Budapest, Hungary
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +36-62-341-330
| | - Anita Németh
- Microbiology Laboratory, Petz Aladár County Teaching Hospital, Vasvári Pál utca 2–4., 9023 Győr, Hungary; (A.N.); (M.K.)
| | - Márta Knausz
- Microbiology Laboratory, Petz Aladár County Teaching Hospital, Vasvári Pál utca 2–4., 9023 Győr, Hungary; (A.N.); (M.K.)
| | - Ibrahim Barrak
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Tiszta Lajos körút 62–64., 6720 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Anette Stájer
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Tiszta Lajos körút 62–64, 6720 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Gyula Mestyán
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12., 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (G.M.); (S.M.); (A.N.)
| | - Szilvia Melegh
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12., 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (G.M.); (S.M.); (A.N.)
| | - Adrienn Nyul
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12., 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (G.M.); (S.M.); (A.N.)
| | - Ákos Tóth
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Parasitology, National Public Health Center, Albert Flórián út 2–6., 1097 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Zsuzsanna Ágoston
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Semmelweis utca 6., 6725 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Edit Urbán
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12., 7624 Pécs, Hungary;
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Clonal expansion of a virulent Streptococcus suis serotype 9 lineage distinguishable from carriage subpopulations. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15429. [PMID: 31659179 PMCID: PMC6817849 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51576-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a porcine pathogen, causing severe invasive infections. S. suis serotype 9 is increasingly causing disease in Dutch and Chinese pig herds, but it is unknown whether all serotype 9 isolates are equally virulent and markers that can identify virulent strains are not available. Therefore, discrimination between virulent isolates and carriage isolates typically not associated with disease, is currently not possible. We collected tonsillar S. suis isolates from 6 herds not previously diagnosed with S. suis infections, and clinical S. suis isolates of previously diseased pigs. We confirmed the virulence of a virulent type strain and one representative clinical isolate, and the lack of virulence of two carriage isolates, in a pig infection model. Phylogenetic analysis of whole genome sequences of 124 isolates resulted in 10 groups, of which two were almost uniquely populated by clinical isolates. The population structure of S. suis serotype 9 appears highly diverse. However, analysis of the capsule loci sequences showed variation in a single region which fully correlated with a virulent genotype. Transmission electron microscopy suggested differences in capsule thickness between carriage and clinical genotypes. In conclusion, we found that that the S. suis serotype 9 population in the Netherlands is diverse. A distinct virulence-associated lineage was identified and could be discriminated based on the capsule locus sequence. Whilst the difference in virulence cannot be directly attributed to the DNA sequence, the correlation of capsule locus sequence with virulence could be used in the development of diagnostic tests to identify potential virulent S. suis serotype 9 in pigs.
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O'Dea MA, Laird T, Abraham R, Jordan D, Lugsomya K, Fitt L, Gottschalk M, Truswell A, Abraham S. Examination of Australian Streptococcus suis isolates from clinically affected pigs in a global context and the genomic characterisation of ST1 as a predictor of virulence. Vet Microbiol 2018; 226:31-40. [PMID: 30389041 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a major zoonotic pathogen that causes severe disease in both humans and pigs. Australia's pig herd has been quarantined for over 30 years, however S. suis remains a significant cause of disease. In this study, we investigated S. suis from 148 cases of clinical disease in pigs from 46 pig herds over a period of seven years, to determine the level of genetic difference from international isolates that may have arisen over the 30 years of separation. Isolates underwent whole genome sequencing, genome analysis and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Data was compared at the core genome level to clinical isolates from overseas. Results demonstrated five predominant multi-locus sequence types and two major cps gene types (cps2 and 3). At the core genome level Australian isolates clustered predominantly within one large clade consisting of isolates from the UK, Canada and North America. A small proportion of Australian swine isolates (5%) were phylogenetically associated with south-east Asian and UK isolates, many of which were classified as causing systemic disease, and derived from cases of human and swine disease. Based on this dataset we provide a comprehensive outline of the current S. suis clones associated with disease in Australian pigs and their global context, with the main finding being that, despite three decades of separation, Australian S. suis are genomically similar to overseas strains. In addition, we show that ST1 clones carry a constellation of putative virulence genes not present in other Australian STs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A O'Dea
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Tanya Laird
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Rebecca Abraham
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - David Jordan
- Wollongbar Primary Industries Institute, NSW Department of Primary Industries, NSW, Australia
| | - Kittitat Lugsomya
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Laura Fitt
- ACE Laboratory Services, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marcelo Gottschalk
- Laboratory of Research on Streptococcus suis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Alec Truswell
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sam Abraham
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
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Arai S, Kim H, Watanabe T, Tohya M, Suzuki E, Ishida-Kuroki K, Maruyama F, Murase K, Nakagawa I, Sekizaki T. Assessment of pig saliva as aStreptococcus suisreservoir and potential source of infection on farms by use of a novel quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay. Am J Vet Res 2018; 79:941-948. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.79.9.941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Vötsch D, Willenborg M, Weldearegay YB, Valentin-Weigand P. Streptococcus suis - The "Two Faces" of a Pathobiont in the Porcine Respiratory Tract. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:480. [PMID: 29599763 PMCID: PMC5862822 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus (S.) suis is a frequent early colonizer of the upper respiratory tract of pigs. In fact, it is difficult to find S. suis-free animals under natural conditions, showing the successful adaptation of this pathogen to its porcine reservoir host. On the other hand, S. suis can cause life-threatening diseases and represents the most important bacterial cause of meningitis in pigs worldwide. Notably, S. suis can also cause zoonotic infections, such as meningitis, septicemia, endocarditis, and other diseases in humans. In Asia, it is classified as an emerging zoonotic pathogen and currently considered as one of the most important causes of bacterial meningitis in adults. The “two faces” of S. suis, one of a colonizing microbe and the other of a highly invasive pathogen, have raised many questions concerning the interpretation of diagnostic detection and the definition of virulence. Thus, one major research challenge is the identification of virulence-markers which allow differentiation of commensal and virulent strains. This is complicated by the high phenotypic and genotypic diversity of S. suis, as reflected by the occurrence of (at least) 33 capsular serotypes. In this review, we present current knowledge in the context of S. suis as a highly diverse pathobiont in the porcine respiratory tract that can exploit disrupted host homeostasis to flourish and promote inflammatory processes and invasive diseases in pigs and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Désirée Vötsch
- Institute for Microbiology, Center for Infection Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Maren Willenborg
- Institute for Microbiology, Center for Infection Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Yenehiwot B Weldearegay
- Institute for Microbiology, Center for Infection Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter Valentin-Weigand
- Institute for Microbiology, Center for Infection Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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9
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Tong J, Fu Y, Wu NH, Rohde M, Meng F, Valentin-Weigand P, Herrler G. Sialic acid-dependent interaction of group B streptococci with influenza virus-infected cells reveals a novel adherence and invasion mechanism. Cell Microbiol 2018; 20. [DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Tong
- Institute of Virology; University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover; Hannover Germany
| | - Yuguang Fu
- Institute of Virology; University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover; Hannover Germany
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute; State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology; Lanzhou Gansu Province China
| | - Nai-Huei Wu
- Institute of Virology; University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover; Hannover Germany
| | - Manfred Rohde
- Central Facility for Microscopy; Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, HZI; Braunschweig Germany
| | - Fandan Meng
- Institute of Virology; University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover; Hannover Germany
| | | | - Georg Herrler
- Institute of Virology; University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover; Hannover Germany
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10
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van der Wal FJ, Achterberg RP, van Solt-Smits C, Bergervoet JHW, de Weerdt M, Wisselink HJ. Exploring target-specific primer extension in combination with a bead-based suspension array for multiplexed detection and typing using Streptococcus suis as a model pathogen. J Vet Diagn Invest 2017; 30:71-77. [PMID: 28980519 PMCID: PMC5753849 DOI: 10.1177/1040638717730384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the feasibility of an assay based on target-specific primer
extension, combined with a suspension array, for the multiplexed detection and
typing of a veterinary pathogen in animal samples, using Streptococcus
suis as a model pathogen. A procedure was established for
simultaneous detection of 6 S. suis targets in pig tonsil
samples (i.e., 4 genes associated with serotype 1, 2, 7, or 9, the generic
S. suis glutamate dehydrogenase gene
[gdh], and the gene encoding the extracellular protein factor
[epf]). The procedure was set up as a combination of
protocols: DNA isolation from porcine tonsils, a multiplex PCR, a multiplex
target-specific primer extension, and finally a suspension array as the readout.
The resulting assay was compared with a panel of conventional PCR assays. The
proposed multiplex assay can correctly identify the serotype of isolates and is
capable of simultaneous detection of multiple targets in porcine tonsillar
samples. The assay is not as sensitive as the current conventional PCR assays,
but with the correct sampling strategy, the assay can be useful for screening
pig herds to establish which S. suis serotypes are circulating
in a pig population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fimme J van der Wal
- Wageningen University & Research, Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, The Netherlands (van der Wal, Achterberg, van Solt-Smits, Wisselink).,Wageningen University & Research, Plant Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands (Bergervoet, de Weerdt)
| | - René P Achterberg
- Wageningen University & Research, Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, The Netherlands (van der Wal, Achterberg, van Solt-Smits, Wisselink).,Wageningen University & Research, Plant Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands (Bergervoet, de Weerdt)
| | - Conny van Solt-Smits
- Wageningen University & Research, Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, The Netherlands (van der Wal, Achterberg, van Solt-Smits, Wisselink).,Wageningen University & Research, Plant Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands (Bergervoet, de Weerdt)
| | - Jan H W Bergervoet
- Wageningen University & Research, Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, The Netherlands (van der Wal, Achterberg, van Solt-Smits, Wisselink).,Wageningen University & Research, Plant Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands (Bergervoet, de Weerdt)
| | - Marjanne de Weerdt
- Wageningen University & Research, Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, The Netherlands (van der Wal, Achterberg, van Solt-Smits, Wisselink).,Wageningen University & Research, Plant Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands (Bergervoet, de Weerdt)
| | - Henk J Wisselink
- Wageningen University & Research, Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, The Netherlands (van der Wal, Achterberg, van Solt-Smits, Wisselink).,Wageningen University & Research, Plant Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands (Bergervoet, de Weerdt)
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Wang K, Wu Z, Yao H, Qiu Y, Lu C. Identification and Detection of Serotype-Specific Genes: Effective Serotyping of Streptococcus suis. CURRENT CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40588-017-0055-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Thongkamkoon P, Kiatyingangsulee T, Gottschalk M. Serotypes of Streptococcus suis isolated from healthy pigs in Phayao Province, Thailand. BMC Res Notes 2017; 10:53. [PMID: 28100261 PMCID: PMC5244560 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-016-2354-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is an important swine and human pathogen. There are 33 serotypes that have been described. Zoonotic cases are very common the Northern part of Thailand, especially in Phayao Province. However, the prevalence of S. suis and, more particularly the different serotypes, in pigs in this region is poorly known and needed to be addressed. The context and purpose of the study Distribution of S. suis serotypes varies depending on the geographical area. Knowledge of the serotype distribution is important for epidemiological studies. Consequently, 180 tonsil samples from slaughterhouse pigs in Phayao Province had been collected for surveillance, from which 196 S. suis isolates were recovered. Each isolate was subcultured and its serotype identified using multiplex PCR. Slide agglutination combined with precipitation tests were used following multiplex PCR to differentiate the isolates showing similar sizes of amplified products specific to either serotype 1 or 14 and 2 or 1/2. Non-typable isolates by multiplex PCR were serotyped by the coagglutination test. Results Of the 196 isolates, 123 (62.8%) were typable and 73 (37.2%) were non-typable. This study revealed the presence of serotypes 1, 1/2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 29, and 30. Serotype 23 was the most prevalent (20/196, 10.2%), followed by serotype 9 (16/196, 8.2%), serotype 7 (16/196, 8.2%), and serotype 2 (11/196, 5.6%). The latter is the serotype responsible for most human cases. Conclusion Almost all serotypes previously described are present in Northern Thailand. Therefore, this report provides useful data for future bacteriological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Thongkamkoon
- Veterinary Research and Development Center (Upper Northern Region), 221 M.6, Wiengtarn, Hangchat, Lampang, 52190, Thailand.
| | - T Kiatyingangsulee
- Department of Livestock Development, National Institute of Animal Health, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - M Gottschalk
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, 3200 Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2, Canada
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13
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Hsueh KJ, Cheng LT, Lee JW, Chung YC, Chung WB, Chu CY. Immunization with Streptococcus suis bacterin plus recombinant Sao protein in sows conveys passive immunity to their piglets. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:15. [PMID: 28061775 PMCID: PMC5219745 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0937-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Streptococcus suis (S. suis) causes arthritis, meningitis, septicemia, and sudden death in pigs and is also an zoonotic agent for humans. The present study demonstrated that immunization with recombinant Sao-L (surface antigen one-L, rSao-L) protein from a strain of S. suis serotype 2 in pigs was able to increase cross-serotype protection against S. suis serotype 1 and 2 challenge. Since weaning piglets are more susceptible to S. suis infections due to the stresses associated with weaning, prepartum immunization in sows may convey passive immunity to piglets and provide protection. Results Pregnant sows were immunized with a vaccine containing inactivated S. suis serotype 2 plus rSao as the antigens. Blood samples were collected from their piglets after birth for analysis of antigen-specific antibody titers and levels of various cytokines. Results demonstrated that the titers of S. suis and rSao-specific antibodies were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the vaccinated piglets in comparison with that of piglets in the control group. The serum levels of interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, and IL-12 were significantly (p < 0.05) increased in piglets born from vaccinated sows when compared to piglets from unvaccinated sows. In addition, piglets were challenged by heterologous and homologous S. suis. All piglets from unvaccinated sows developed severe symptoms of bacteremia, fever, anorexia, depression, and arthritis. On the other hand, piglets from vaccinated sows had significantly (p < 0.05) reduced clinical symptoms and lesion score (by 75 and 81%). Conclusions Our results revealed that immunizing pregnant sows with the vaccine containing inactivated S. suis bacterin plus rSao as the antigens is able to enhance passive immunity against heterologous and homologous S. suis challenge in their piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Jen Hsueh
- Department of Veterinary medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Animal Vaccine Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, 1, Shuehfu Road, Neipu, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ting Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Animal Vaccine Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, 1, Shuehfu Road, Neipu, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan
| | - Jai-Wei Lee
- Department of Tropical Agriculture and International Cooperation, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chi Chung
- Graduate Institute of Animal Vaccine Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, 1, Shuehfu Road, Neipu, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Bin Chung
- Department of Veterinary medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Yen Chu
- Graduate Institute of Animal Vaccine Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, 1, Shuehfu Road, Neipu, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan.
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14
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Yang J, Jin M, Chen J, Yang Y, Zheng P, Zhang A, Song Y, Zhou H, Chen H. Development and Evaluation of an Immunochromatographic Strip for Detection of Streptococcus Suis Type 2 Antibody. J Vet Diagn Invest 2016; 19:355-61. [PMID: 17609343 DOI: 10.1177/104063870701900403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, an immunochromatographic strip (ICS) was developed for the detection of antibody against Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (SS2). Colloidal gold particles labeled with staphylococcal protein A (SPA), which can bind to the FC fragment of mammalian immunoglobulin, were used as the detector reagent. The capsular polysaccharide (CPS) of SS2 and affinity-purified IgG from a healthy naive pig were immobilized on test and control regions of a nitrocellulose membrane, respectively. The ICS was used to 1) detect anti-CPS antibody in 14 sera taken from 4 SS2-infected pigs, 24 sera from pigs hyperimmunized with SS2, and 68 sera from pigs inoculated or infected with bacteria other than SS2; 2) determine anti-CPS antibody titers of 20 positive sera for comparison with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); and 3) detect anti-CPS antibody in 226 clinical sera taken from diseased pigs also for comparison with ELISA. An ELISA used as a reference test determined the specificity and sensitivity of the ICS to be 97.1% and 86.3%, respectively. There was excellent agreement between the results obtained by ELISA and the ICS (kappa = 0.843). Additionally, there was strong agreement between the results of bacterial isolation from pig tonsils and ICS test (kappa = 0.658). Because it is rapid and easy to use, the test is suitable for the serological surveillance of SS2 at farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxing Yang
- Unit of Animal Infectious Disease, State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China 430070
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15
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Athey TBT, Teatero S, Lacouture S, Takamatsu D, Gottschalk M, Fittipaldi N. Determining Streptococcus suis serotype from short-read whole-genome sequencing data. BMC Microbiol 2016; 16:162. [PMID: 27449127 PMCID: PMC4957933 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-016-0782-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Streptococcus suis is divided into 29 serotypes based on a serological reaction against the capsular polysaccharide (CPS). Multiplex PCR tests targeting the cps locus are also used to determine S. suis serotypes, but they cannot differentiate between serotypes 1 and 14, and between serotypes 2 and 1/2. Here, we developed a pipeline permitting in silico serotype determination from whole-genome sequencing (WGS) short-read data that can readily identify all 29 S. suis serotypes. Results We sequenced the genomes of 121 strains representing all 29 known S. suis serotypes. We next combined available software into an automated pipeline permitting in silico serotyping of strains by differential alignment of short-read sequencing data to a custom S. suis cps loci database. Strains of serotype pairs 1 and 14, and 2 and 1/2 could be differentiated by a missense mutation in the cpsK gene. We report a 99 % match between coagglutination- and pipeline-determined serotypes for strains in our collection. We used 375 additional S. suis genomes downloaded from the NCBI’s Sequence Read Archive (SRA) to validate the pipeline. Validation with SRA WGS data resulted in a 92 % match. Included pipeline subroutines permitted us to assess strain virulence marker content and obtain multilocus sequence typing directly from WGS data. Conclusions Our pipeline permits rapid and accurate determination of S. suis serotype, and other lineage information, directly from WGS data. By discriminating between serotypes 1 and 14, and between serotypes 2 and 1/2, our approach solves a three-decade longstanding S. suis typing issue. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12866-016-0782-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taryn B T Athey
- Public Health Ontario Toronto Laboratory, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1M1 Canada
| | - Sarah Teatero
- Public Health Ontario Toronto Laboratory, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1M1 Canada
| | - Sonia Lacouture
- Groupe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses du Porc, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, St-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Daisuke Takamatsu
- Bacterial and Parasitic Diseases Research Division, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan.,The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Marcelo Gottschalk
- Groupe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses du Porc, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, St-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Nahuel Fittipaldi
- Public Health Ontario Toronto Laboratory, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1M1 Canada. .,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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16
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Vinogradov E, Goyette-Desjardins G, Okura M, Takamatsu D, Gottschalk M, Segura M. Structure determination of Streptococcus suis serotype 9 capsular polysaccharide and assignment of functions of the cps locus genes involved in its biosynthesis. Carbohydr Res 2016; 433:25-30. [PMID: 27423880 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus suis serotype 9 is the most prevalent S. suis serotype in several European countries. In spite of its pathogenicity for pigs and increasing zoonotic potential, limited information is available on this serotype. Here we determined for the first time the chemical composition and structure of serotype 9 capsular polysaccharide (CPS), a major bacterial virulence factor and the antigen at the origin of S. suis classification into serotypes. Chemical and spectroscopic data gave the repeating unit sequence: [3)Glcol-6-P-3-[D-Gal(α1-2)]D-Gal(β1-3)D-Sug(β1-3)L-Rha(α1-)]n. Compared to previously characterized S. suis CPSs (serotypes 1, 1/2, 2 and 14), serotype 9 CPS does not contain sialic acid but contains a labile 4-keto sugar (2-acetamido-2,6-dideoxy-β-D-xylo-hexopyranos-4-ulose), one particular feature of this serotype. A correlation between S. suis serotype 9 CPS sequence and genes of this serotype cps locus encoding putative glycosyltransferases and polymerase responsible for the biosynthesis of the repeating unit was tentatively established. Knowledge of CPS structure and composition will contribute to better dissect the role of this bacterial component in the pathogenesis of S. suis serotype 9.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Masatoshi Okura
- Bacterial and Parasitic Diseases Research Division, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takamatsu
- Bacterial and Parasitic Diseases Research Division, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu, Japan
| | - Marcelo Gottschalk
- Laboratory of Research on Streptococcus suis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, St-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mariela Segura
- Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, St-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada.
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17
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Dekker N, Daemen I, Verstappen K, de Greeff A, Smith H, Duim B. Simultaneous Quantification and Differentiation of Streptococcus suis Serotypes 2 and 9 by Quantitative Real-Time PCR, Evaluated in Tonsillar and Nasal Samples of Pigs. Pathogens 2016; 5:pathogens5030046. [PMID: 27376336 PMCID: PMC5039426 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens5030046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasive Streptococcus suis (S. suis) infections in pigs are often associated with serotypes 2 and 9. Mucosal sites of healthy pigs can be colonized with these serotypes, often multiple serotypes per pig. To unravel the contribution of these serotypes in pathogenesis and epidemiology, simultaneous quantification of serotypes is needed. A quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) targeting cps2J (serotypes 2 and 1/2) and cps9H (serotype 9) was evaluated with nasal and tonsillar samples from S. suis exposed pigs. qPCR specifically detected serotypes in all pig samples. The serotypes loads in pig samples estimated by qPCR showed, except for serotype 9 in tonsillar samples (correlation coefficient = 0.25), moderate to strong correlation with loads detected by culture (correlation coefficient > 0.65), and also in pigs exposed to both serotypes (correlation coefficient > 0.75). This qPCR is suitable for simultaneous differentiation and quantification of important S. suis serotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Dekker
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Farm Animal Health, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.151, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.165, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Ineke Daemen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Farm Animal Health, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.151, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Koen Verstappen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.165, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Astrid de Greeff
- Central Veterinary Institute of Wageningen UR, P.O. Box 65, 8200 AB Lelystad, The Netherlands.
| | - Hilde Smith
- Central Veterinary Institute of Wageningen UR, P.O. Box 65, 8200 AB Lelystad, The Netherlands.
| | - Birgitta Duim
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.165, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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18
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Okura M, Osaki M, Nomoto R, Arai S, Osawa R, Sekizaki T, Takamatsu D. Current Taxonomical Situation of Streptococcus suis. Pathogens 2016; 5:pathogens5030045. [PMID: 27348006 PMCID: PMC5039425 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens5030045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis, a major porcine pathogen and an important zoonotic agent, is considered to be composed of phenotypically and genetically diverse strains. However, recent studies reported several “S. suis-like strains” that were identified as S. suis by commonly used methods for the identification of this bacterium, but were regarded as distinct species from S. suis according to the standards of several taxonomic analyses. Furthermore, it has been suggested that some S. suis-like strains can be assigned to several novel species. In this review, we discuss the current taxonomical situation of S. suis with a focus on (1) the classification history of the taxon of S. suis; (2) S. suis-like strains revealed by taxonomic analyses; (3) methods for detecting and identifying this species, including a novel method that can distinguish S. suis isolates from S. suis-like strains; and (4) current topics on the reclassification of S. suis-like strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Okura
- Division of Bacterial and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan.
| | - Makoto Osaki
- Division of Bacterial and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan.
| | - Ryohei Nomoto
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kobe Institute of Health, 4-6-5 Minatojima-Nakamachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0045, Japan.
| | - Sakura Arai
- Research Center for Food Safety, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
| | - Ro Osawa
- Organization for Advanced Science and Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokko-dai, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan.
| | - Tsutomu Sekizaki
- Research Center for Food Safety, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Takamatsu
- Division of Bacterial and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan.
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
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Haas B, Grenier D. Impact of Sub-Inhibitory Concentrations of Amoxicillin on Streptococcus suis Capsule Gene Expression and Inflammatory Potential. Pathogens 2016; 5:pathogens5020037. [PMID: 27104570 PMCID: PMC4931388 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens5020037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is an important swine pathogen and emerging zoonotic agent worldwide causing meningitis, endocarditis, arthritis and septicemia. Among the 29 serotypes identified to date, serotype 2 is mostly isolated from diseased pigs. Although several virulence mechanisms have been characterized in S. suis, the pathogenesis of S. suis infections remains only partially understood. This study focuses on the response of S. suis P1/7 to sub-inhibitory concentrations of amoxicillin. First, capsule expression was monitored by qRT-PCR when S. suis was cultivated in the presence of amoxicillin. Then, the pro-inflammatory potential of S. suis P1/7 culture supernatants or whole cells conditioned with amoxicillin was evaluated by monitoring the activation of the NF-κB pathway in monocytes and quantifying pro-inflammatory cytokines secreted by macrophages. It was found that amoxicillin decreased capsule expression in S. suis. Moreover, conditioning the bacterium with sub-inhibitory concentrations of amoxicillin caused an increased activation of the NF-κB pathway in monocytes following exposure to bacterial culture supernatants and to a lesser extent to whole bacterial cells. This was associated with an increased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (CXCL8, IL-6, IL-1β) by macrophages. This study identified a new mechanism by which S. suis may increase its inflammatory potential in the presence of sub-inhibitory concentrations of amoxicillin, a cell wall-active antibiotic, thus challenging its use for preventive treatments or as growth factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Haas
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale (GREB), Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Daniel Grenier
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale (GREB), Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole (CRIPA), Fonds de Recherche du Québec-Nature et Technologies (FRQNT), Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada.
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Assessing the Metabolic Diversity of Streptococcus from a Protein Domain Point of View. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137908. [PMID: 26366735 PMCID: PMC4569324 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the diversity and robustness of the metabolism of bacteria is fundamental for understanding how bacteria evolve and adapt to different environments. In this study, we characterised 121 Streptococcus strains and studied metabolic diversity from a protein domain perspective. Metabolic pathways were described in terms of the promiscuity of domains participating in metabolic pathways that were inferred to be functional. Promiscuity was defined by adapting existing measures based on domain abundance and versatility. The approach proved to be successful in capturing bacterial metabolic flexibility and species diversity, indicating that it can be described in terms of reuse and sharing functional domains in different proteins involved in metabolic activity. Additionally, we showed striking differences among metabolic organisation of the pathogenic serotype 2 Streptococcus suis and other strains.
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Huang J, Shang K, Kashif J, Wang L. Genetic diversity of Streptococcus suis isolated from three pig farms of China obtained by acquiring antibiotic resistance genes. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2015; 95:1454-1460. [PMID: 25060787 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acquiring antibiotic resistance genes may change an organism's genetic characteristics and the effect of antibiotics, resulting in a rapid transmission of microbial pathogens. The objectives of this experiment were to identify the features of Streptococcus suis (S. suis) isolated from three pig farms in China which are geographically isolated. RESULTS Among the isolates, 56.52% were sequence type 7 (ST7), followed by ST1 (26.09%), indicating that ST7 prevails in China, as revealed by multi-locus sequence typing (MLST). Statistical analysis indicated an association between geography, sequence types and antibiotic resistance genotypes. 66.67% of the isolates in Sichuan province presented a (ermB(-) + mefA(-) + tetO(-) + tetM(-)) + ST7 type. The tetM(+) +ST7 type was the most prevalent in Jiangsu province, whereas the strains from Hebei province had a phenotype ermB(+) +tetO(+) +ST1 (63.64%). Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PGFE) pattern A2 with 100% similarity reflected the clonal dissemination between Sichuan and Jiangsu provinces. Strains carrying or not carrying antibiotic resistance genes presented different PFGE patterns in Hebei province. CONCLUSION ST7 is widespread in many regions of China and a clonal dissemination occurred between Sichuan and Jiangsu provinces in diseased pigs. However, ST1 strains with macrolide and tetracycline resistance (ermB(+) +tetO(+) +ST1) isolated from a farm in Hebei province demonstrated that the genetic diversity was contributed by horizontal acquiring of ermB and tetO carrying elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhu Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P.R. China
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22
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Baroch JA, Gagnon CA, Lacouture S, Gottschalk M. Exposure of feral swine (Sus scrofa) in the United States to selected pathogens. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH = REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE VETERINAIRE 2015; 79:74-78. [PMID: 25673913 PMCID: PMC4283238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Feral swine (Sus scrofa) are widely distributed in the United States. In 2011 and 2012, serum samples and tonsils were recovered from 162 and 37 feral swine, respectively, in the US to evaluate exposure to important swine endemic pathogens. Antibodies against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) were found in 2.5% and 25.3% of tested sera, respectively. Positive serological reactions against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae have been detected in 19.7% and 69.7% of animals. More than 15% of animals presented antibodies against these 2 pathogens simultaneously. Most animals were also seropositive for Lawsonia intracellularis. Feral swine can also be involved in transmission of zoonotic agents. Almost 50% of animals possessed antibodies against Salmonella. In addition, 94.4% of animals were carriers of Streptococcus suis in their tonsils. In conclusion, feral swine may be considered as a potential reservoir for different endemic diseases in domestic pigs, as well as for important zoonotic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marcelo Gottschalk
- Address all correspondence to Dr. Marcelo Gottschalk; telephone: (450) 773-8521, ext. 8374; fax: (450) 778-8108; e-mail:
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24
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Willenborg J, Willms D, Bertram R, Goethe R, Valentin-Weigand P. Characterization of multi-drug tolerant persister cells in Streptococcus suis. BMC Microbiol 2014; 14:120. [PMID: 24885389 PMCID: PMC4040513 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-14-120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Persister cells constitute a subpopulation of dormant cells within a microbial population which are genetically identical but phenotypically different to regular cells. Notably, persister cells show an elevated tolerance to antimicrobial agents. Thus, they are considered to represent a microbial ‘bet-hedging’ strategy and are of particular importance in pathogenic bacteria. Results We studied the ability of the zoonotic pathogen Streptococcus (S.) suis to form multi-drug tolerant variants and identified persister cells dependent on the initial bacterial growth phase. We observed lower numbers of persisters in exponential phase cultures than in stationary growth phase populations. S. suis persister cells showed a high tolerance to a variety of antibiotics, and the phenotype was not inherited as tested with four passages of S. suis populations. Furthermore, we provide evidence that the persister phenotype is related to expression of genes involved in general metabolic pathways since we found higher numbers of persister cells in a mutant strain defective in the catabolic arginine deiminase system as compared to its parental wild type strain. Finally, we observed persister cell formation also in other S. suis strains and pathogenic streptococcal species. Conclusions Taken together, this is the first study that reports multi-drug tolerant persister cells in the zoonotic pathogen S. suis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Willenborg
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany.
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Sánchez del Rey V, Fernández-Garayzábal JF, Mentaberre G, Briones V, Lavín S, Domínguez L, Gottschalk M, Vela AI. Characterisation of Streptococcus suis isolates from wild boars (Sus scrofa). Vet J 2014; 200:464-7. [PMID: 24726078 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Wild boar are widely distributed throughout the Iberian Peninsula and can carry potentially virulent strains of Streptococcus suis. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of S. suis in wild boars from two large geographical regions of Spain. Serotypes 1, 2, 7 and 9 identified were further genetically characterised by virulence-associated genotyping, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) to determine the population structure of S. suis carried by these animals. Streptococcus suis was isolated from 39.1% of the wild boars examined: serotype 9 was the most frequently isolated (12.5%), followed by serotype 1 (2.5%). Serotype 2 was rarely isolated (0.3%). Eighteen additional serotypes were identified indicating wide diversity of this pathogen within the wild boar population. This heterogeneity was confirmed by PFGE and MLST analyses and the majority of isolates exhibited the virulence-associated genotype mrp-/epf-/sly-. The results of this study highlight that the carriage of S. suis by wild boars is commonplace. However, MLST data indicate that these isolates are not related to prevalent clonal complexes ST1, ST16, ST61 and ST87 typically associated with infection of pigs or humans in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Sánchez del Rey
- Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria (VISAVET), Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - José F Fernández-Garayzábal
- Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria (VISAVET), Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gregorio Mentaberre
- Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFAS), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Víctor Briones
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad, Valdeolmos, 28130 Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Lavín
- Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFAS), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Lucas Domínguez
- Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria (VISAVET), Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcelo Gottschalk
- Groupe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses du Porc, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 Sicotte, St.-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada J2S 2M2
| | - Ana Isabel Vela
- Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria (VISAVET), Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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26
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Lakkitjaroen N, Takamatsu D, Okura M, Sato M, Osaki M, Sekizaki T. Capsule loss or death: The position of mutations among capsule genes sways the destiny ofStreptococcus suis. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2014; 354:46-54. [DOI: 10.1111/1574-6968.12428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nattakan Lakkitjaroen
- Research Center for Food Safety; Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Daisuke Takamatsu
- Bacterial and Parasitic Diseases Research Division; National Institute of Animal Health; National Agriculture and Food Research Organization; Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences; Gifu University; Gifu Japan
| | - Masatoshi Okura
- Bacterial and Parasitic Diseases Research Division; National Institute of Animal Health; National Agriculture and Food Research Organization; Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan
| | - Masumi Sato
- Epidemiological Information Section; National Institute of Animal Health; National Agriculture and Food Research Organization; Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan
| | - Makoto Osaki
- Bacterial and Parasitic Diseases Research Division; National Institute of Animal Health; National Agriculture and Food Research Organization; Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan
| | - Tsutomu Sekizaki
- Research Center for Food Safety; Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
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27
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Kerdsin A, Akeda Y, Hatrongjit R, Detchawna U, Sekizaki T, Hamada S, Gottschalk M, Oishi K. Streptococcus suis serotyping by a new multiplex PCR. J Med Microbiol 2014; 63:824-830. [PMID: 24696517 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.069757-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A multiplex PCR was developed to detect all true serotypes of Streptococcus suis. This multiplex PCR was composed of four reaction sets. The first set identified nine serotypes (serotypes 1/2, 1, 2, 3, 7, 9, 11, 14 and 16), the second set identified eight serotypes (serotypes 4, 5, 8, 12, 18, 19, 24 and 25), the third set identified seven serotypes (serotypes 6, 10, 13, 15, 17, 23 and 31), and the last set identified five serotypes (serotypes 21, 27, 28, 29 and 30). This assay correctly detected serotypes 2, 5, 14 and 24 in human isolates, and serotypes 1, 2, 1/2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 24, 28 and 31 in pig isolates from Thailand. No cross-reaction was observed with other bacterial species. Our multiplex PCR was able to simultaneously amplify a DNA mixture of reference Streptococcus suis serotypes. This assay should be useful for serotype surveillance of human and pig isolates of Streptococcus suis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusak Kerdsin
- National Institute of Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Yukihiro Akeda
- Laboratory of Clinical Research on Infectious Diseases, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Rujirat Hatrongjit
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kasetsart University, Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon, Thailand
| | - Unchaya Detchawna
- National Institute of Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Tsutomu Sekizaki
- Research Center for Food Safety, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Hamada
- Thailand-Japan Research Collaboration Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infections, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Kazunori Oishi
- Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory of Clinical Research on Infectious Diseases, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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28
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Maneerat K, Yongkiettrakul S, Kramomtong I, Tongtawe P, Tapchaisri P, Luangsuk P, Chaicumpa W, Gottschalk M, Srimanote P. Virulence Genes and Genetic Diversity ofStreptococcus suisSerotype 2 Isolates from Thailand. Transbound Emerg Dis 2013; 60 Suppl 2:69-79. [DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Maneerat
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Allied Health Sciences; Thammasat University; Pathumthani Thailand
| | - S. Yongkiettrakul
- Protein-Ligand Engineering and Molecular Biology Laboratory; National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology; Thailand Science Park Pathumthani Thailand
| | - I. Kramomtong
- Department of Microbiology; Faculty of Veterinary Science; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok Thailand
| | - P. Tongtawe
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Allied Health Sciences; Thammasat University; Pathumthani Thailand
| | - P. Tapchaisri
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Allied Health Sciences; Thammasat University; Pathumthani Thailand
| | - P. Luangsuk
- Chiang Kham General Hospital; Phayao Thailand
| | - W. Chaicumpa
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Allied Health Sciences; Thammasat University; Pathumthani Thailand
- Department of Parasitology; Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital; Mahidol University; Bangkok Thailand
| | - M. Gottschalk
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Montreal; St-Hyacinthe Quebec Canada
| | - P. Srimanote
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Allied Health Sciences; Thammasat University; Pathumthani Thailand
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29
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Soares TCS, Paes AC. Prevalência de Streptococcus suis sorotipo 2: discussão da literatura brasileira. ARQUIVOS DO INSTITUTO BIOLÓGICO 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s1808-16572013000300017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis é mundialmente considerado um dos patógenos de maior impacto sanitário e econômico na indústria suinícola. Dentre os sorotipos descritos como zoonóticos, o sorotipo 2 é o mais frequentemente isolado de animais e humanos doentes na maioria dos países. O estudo da epidemiologia das infecções por S. suis no Brasil é importante para a implantação de medidas efetivas de controle. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi realizar uma revisão crítica da literatura brasileira, com suporte da literatura mundial, abordando o diagnóstico do agente e sua prevalência em animais clinicamente doentes e portadores sadios, com destaque para a prevalência do sorotipo 2 no país.
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Development of multiplex PCR assays for the identification of the 33 serotypes of Streptococcus suis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72070. [PMID: 23951285 PMCID: PMC3739753 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcussuis is an important zoonotic agent causing severe diseases in pigs and humans. To date, 33 serotypes of S. suis have been identified based on antigenic differences in the capsular polysaccharide. The capsular polysaccharide synthesis (cps) locus encodes proteins/enzymes that are responsible for capsular production and variation in the capsule structures are the basis of S. suis serotyping. Multiplex and/or simplex PCR assays have been developed for 15 serotypes based on serotype-specific genes in the cps gene cluster. In this study, we developed a set of multiplex PCR (mPCR) assays to identify the 33 currently known S. suis serotypes. To identify serotype-specific genes for mPCR, the entire genomes of reference strains for the 33 serotypes were sequenced using whole genome high-throughput sequencing, and the cps gene clusters from these strains were identified and compared. We developed a set of 4 mPCR assays based on the polysaccharide polymerase gene wzy, one of the serotype-specific genes. The assays can identify all serotypes except for two pairs of serotypes: 1 and 14, and 2 and 1/2, which have no serotype-specific genes between them. The first assay identifies 12 serotypes (serotypes 1 to 10, 1/2, and 14) that are the most frequently isolated from diseased pigs and patients; the second identifies 10 serotypes (serotypes 11 to 21 except 14); the third identifies the remaining 11 serotypes (serotypes 22 to 31, and 33); and the fourth identifies a new cps cluster of S. suis discovered in this study in 16 isolates that agglutinated with antisera for serotypes 29 and 21. The multiplex PCR assays developed in this study provide a rapid and specific method for molecular serotyping of S. suis.
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31
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An ultrasensitive peroxydisulfate electrochemiluminescence immunosensor for Streptococcus suis serotype 2 based on l-cysteine combined with mimicking bi-enzyme synergetic catalysis to in situ generate coreactant. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 43:63-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2012.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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32
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Effect of spatial separation of pigs on spread of Streptococcus suis serotype 9. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61339. [PMID: 23593467 PMCID: PMC3622602 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The spread of an infectious agent in a population can be reduced by interfering in the infectiousness or susceptibility of individuals, and/or in their contact structure. The aim of this study was to quantify the effect of prevention of direct contact between infectious and susceptible pigs on the transmission of Streptococcus suis (S. suis). In three replicate experiments, S. suis-free pigs were housed in boxes either in pairs (25 pairs) or alone (15 pigs). The distance between the boxes was ±1 m. At 7 weeks of age, one pig of each pair was inoculated intranasally with S. suis serotype 9; the other pigs were exposed to S. suis by either direct (pairs) or indirect contact (individually housed pigs). Tonsillar brush and saliva swab samples from all pigs were collected regularly for 4 weeks post inoculation to monitor colonization with S. suis. All inoculated pigs became infected, and their pen mates became colonized within 2 days. Thirteen indirectly exposed pigs became positive within 7-25 days after exposure. The rate of direct transmission βdir was estimated to be 3.58 per pig per day (95% CI: 2.29-5.60). The rate of indirect transmission increased in time, depending on the cumulative number of days pigs tested positive for the presence of S. suis. The estimate β'ind was 0.001 (95% CI: 0.0006-0.0017) new infections per pig per day for each day that an infected pig was tested positive for S. suis. We conclude that prevention of direct contact reduces the rate at which susceptible pigs become colonized. Simulation studies using these parameters showed, however, that such intervention measure would not limit S. suis serotype 9 spread in a commercial pig farm to a relevant extent, implying that spatial separation of groups op pigs within a compartment would not be effective on a farm.
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33
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Genetic analysis of capsular polysaccharide synthesis gene clusters from all serotypes of Streptococcus suis: potential mechanisms for generation of capsular variation. Appl Environ Microbiol 2013; 79:2796-806. [PMID: 23416996 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03742-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis strains are classified into 35 serotypes on the basis of the antigenicity of their capsular polysaccharides (CPs). CP synthesis genes are known to be clustered on the chromosome (cps gene cluster). The entire cps gene clusters of S. suis have so far been sequenced in 15 serotypes and found to be located between orfZ and aroA. In this study, to provide comprehensive information about S. suis CPs, we sequenced the entire cps gene clusters of the remaining serotypes and analyzed the complete set of S. suis cps gene clusters. Among the 35 cps gene clusters, 22 were located between orfZ and aroA, whereas the other 13 were flanked by other gene(s) on the chromosomes, and the chromosomal locus was classified into five patterns. By clustering analysis, the predicted products of cps genes found in the 35 serotypes were assigned into 291 homology groups, and all serotypes possessed a serotype-specific gene, except for serotypes 1, 2, 1/2, and 14. Because of the presence of genes encoding flippase (wzx) and polymerase (wzy), CPs of all serotypes were thought to be synthesized by the Wzx/Wzy pathway. Our data also implied the possibility of the transfer of the entire or partial cps gene clusters among S. suis strains, as well as the influence of spontaneous mutations in a single gene or a few genes on the antigenicity of some serotypes. Accumulation of these gene transfers and small-scale mutations may have generated the antigenic diversity of S. suis CPs.
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34
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Wang K, Zhang W, Li X, Lu C, Chen J, Fan W, Huang B. Characterization of Streptococcus suis Isolates from Slaughter Swine. Curr Microbiol 2012; 66:344-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-012-0275-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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35
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Kerdsin A, Dejsirilert S, Akeda Y, Sekizaki T, Hamada S, Gottschalk M, Oishi K. Fifteen Streptococcus suis serotypes identified by multiplex PCR. J Med Microbiol 2012; 61:1669-1672. [PMID: 22918870 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.048587-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A multiplex PCR was developed to detect 15 serotypes of Streptococcus suis. This multiplex PCR was separated into two reaction sets. The first set identified nine serotypes (serotypes 1/2, 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 9, 14 and 16) and the second set identified six serotypes (serotypes 5, 8, 10, 19, 23 and 25). This assay correctly detected serotypes 2, 5 and 14 in human isolates, and serotypes 1, 2, 1/2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 14, 16 and 19 in pig isolates from Thailand. No cross-reaction was observed with other streptococcal species. This assay may be useful for the serotype surveillance of human and pig isolates of S. suis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusak Kerdsin
- National Institute of Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Surang Dejsirilert
- National Institute of Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Yukihiro Akeda
- Laboratory for Clinical Research on Infectious Diseases, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Sekizaki
- Research Center for Food Safety, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Hamada
- Thailand-Japan Research Collaboration Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infections, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | | | - Kazunori Oishi
- Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjyuku, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory for Clinical Research on Infectious Diseases, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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36
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Development of rapid serotype-specific PCR assays for eight serotypes of Streptococcus suis. J Clin Microbiol 2012; 50:3329-34. [PMID: 22875885 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01584-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is an emerging zoonotic pathogen causing severe infections in pigs and humans. Thirty-three serotypes of S. suis have been identified using serum agglutination. The capsular polysaccharides synthesis (cps) locus is usually conserved among different strains of the same serotype. The cps loci of 15 serotypes have been sequenced, while the loci of the other serotypes remain unknown. In the present study, two to six serotype-specific genes of each of eight serotypes, i.e., serotypes 3, 4, 5, 8, 10, 19, 23, and 25, were identified using cross-hybridization with 93 nucleic acid probes specific to genes in the cps locus, and serotype-specific PCR assays for rapid and sensitive detection of the eight serotypes were then developed. The PCR typing results of the 148 serologically typeable isolates were completely consistent with agglutination results. Furthermore, some autoagglutinating, acapsular, and multiagglutinating strains which could not be differentiated by traditional serum agglutination assays were positive in the PCR assays. Use of the PCR assays with clinical tonsillar specimens showed that the assays are sensitive and able to identify samples with autoagglutinating isolates. To our knowledge, this is the first study to identify the serotype-specific genes of the eight Streptococcus suis serotypes and develop rapid and sensitive PCR assays for the eight serotypes which can be identified only by serum agglutination.
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Tsai HY, Liao CH, Liu CY, Huang YT, Teng LJ, Hsueh PR. Streptococcus suis infection in Taiwan, 2000-2011. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2012; 74:75-7. [PMID: 22705228 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2012.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2012] [Revised: 05/13/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
From 2000 to 2011, 8 patients with Streptococcus suis infections were identified in Taiwan. Six isolates were initially misidentified as Streptococcus acidominimus using commercial identification systems and later confirmed to be S. suis using 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. Among the 7 isolates available for further analysis, all belonged to biotype II. Three serotype I isolates possessed the same genotypes, indicating the possible clonal spread of S. suis. All of these patients survived. S. suis infection is underestimated in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsih-Yeh Tsai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 220, Taiwan
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38
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Wang S, Liu P, Li C, Tan Y, Cai X, Zhou D, Jiang Y. Isolation and characterization of 89K pathogenicity island-positive ST-7 strains of Streptococcus suis serotype 2 from healthy pigs, Northeast China. ScientificWorldJournal 2012; 2012:302386. [PMID: 22701353 PMCID: PMC3373141 DOI: 10.1100/2012/302386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a swine pathogen which can also cause severe infection, such as meningitis, and streptococcal-like toxic shock syndrome (STSS), in humans. In China, most of the S. suis infections in humans were reported in the southern areas with warm and humid climates, but little attention had been paid to the northern areas. Data presented here showed that the virulent serotypes 1, 2, 7, and 9 of S. suis could be steadily isolated from the healthy pigs in the pig farms in all the three provinces of Northeast China. Notably, a majority of the serotype 2 isolates belonged to the 89K pathogenicity island-positive ST-7 clone that had historically caused the human STSS outbreaks in the Sichuan and Jiangsu provinces of China, although the human STSS case caused by S. suis had never been reported in northern areas of China. Data presented here indicated that the survey of S. suis should be expanded to or reinforced in the northern areas of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujie Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Harbin 150001, China
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39
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Meijerink M, Ferrando ML, Lammers G, Taverne N, Smith HE, Wells JM. Immunomodulatory effects of Streptococcus suis capsule type on human dendritic cell responses, phagocytosis and intracellular survival. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35849. [PMID: 22558240 PMCID: PMC3338795 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a major porcine pathogen of significant commercial importance worldwide and an emerging zoonotic pathogen of humans. Given the important sentinel role of mucosal dendritic cells and their importance in induction of T cell responses we investigated the effect of different S. suis serotype strains and an isogenic capsule mutant of serotype 2 on the maturation, activation and expression of IL-10, IL-12p70 and TNF-α in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Additionally, we compared phagocytosis levels and bacterial survival after internalization. The capsule of serotype 2, the most common serotype associated with infection in humans and pigs, was highly anti-phagocytic and modulated the IL-10/IL-12 and IL-10/TNF-α cytokine production in favor of a more anti-inflammatory profile compared to other serotypes. This may have consequences for the induction of effective immunity to S. suis serotype 2 in humans. A shielding effect of the capsule on innate Toll-like receptor signaling was also demonstrated. Furthermore, we showed that 24 h after phagocytosis, significant numbers of viable intracellular S. suis were still present intracellularly. This may contribute to the dissemination of S. suis in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjolein Meijerink
- Host-Microbe Interactomics, Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Laura Ferrando
- Host-Microbe Interactomics, Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Geraldine Lammers
- Host-Microbe Interactomics, Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nico Taverne
- Host-Microbe Interactomics, Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hilde E. Smith
- Animal Sciences Group, Wageningen University, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Jerry M. Wells
- Host-Microbe Interactomics, Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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40
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Dekker CNT, Bouma A, Daemen AJJM, van Leengoed LAMG, Jonker FH, Wagenaar JA, Stegeman JA. Homologous whole bacterin vaccination is not able to reduce Streptococcus suis serotype 9 strain 7997 transmission among pigs or colonization. Vaccine 2011; 30:1379-87. [PMID: 22210137 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Revised: 11/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is an important porcine pathogen worldwide, and antibiotics are often applied to treat or prevent clinical signs. Vaccination could be an alternative measure to reduce the abundant use of antimicrobials. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of vaccination with homologues whole bacterin vaccine containing S. suis serotype 9 strain 7997 on transmission of this serotype among pigs and on mucosal colonization. Caesarean derived, colostrum deprived pigs (N=50) were housed pair wise. Thirteen pairs were vaccinated intramuscularly with 2-3×10(9) colony forming units (CFU) inactivated S. suis serotype 9 per dose and α-tocopherolactetaat as adjuvant at 3 and 5 weeks of age; twelve pairs served as non-vaccinated controls. At 7 weeks of age, one pig of each pair was intranasally inoculated with 1-2×10(9)CFU of the homologues strain, whereas the other pig of each pair was contact-exposed. Tonsil brushings and saliva swabs were collected for 4 weeks, and tested for the presence of S. suis by bacteriological culture. No differences in number of S. suis in the tonsils or saliva samples or in clinical signs were observed between vaccinated and control pigs. In all pairs, transmission between inoculated and contact exposed pigs occurred, and no difference was observed in rate at which this occurred. The estimated transmission rate parameter β between vaccinated pigs was β(v)=5.27/day, and for non-vaccinated pigs β(nv)=2.77/day (P=0.18). It was concluded that vaccination against S. suis serotype 9 did not reduce transmission, nor colonization and that there were no indications that protection against clinical signs was induced.
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Affiliation(s)
- C N T Dekker
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Farm Animal Health, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.151, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Lakkitjaroen N, Takamatsu D, Okura M, Sato M, Osaki M, Sekizaki T. Loss of capsule among Streptococcus suis isolates from porcine endocarditis and its biological significance. J Med Microbiol 2011; 60:1669-1676. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.034686-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nattakan Lakkitjaroen
- Research Center for Food Safety, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takamatsu
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
- Research Division of Bacterial and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Okura
- Research Division of Bacterial and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan
| | - Masumi Sato
- Epidemiological Information Section, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan
| | - Makoto Osaki
- Research Division of Bacterial and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Sekizaki
- Research Center for Food Safety, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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Zhang A, Yang M, Hu P, Wu J, Chen B, Hua Y, Yu J, Chen H, Xiao J, Jin M. Comparative genomic analysis of Streptococcus suis reveals significant genomic diversity among different serotypes. BMC Genomics 2011; 12:523. [PMID: 22026465 PMCID: PMC3227697 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-12-523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2011] [Accepted: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is a major swine pathogen and an emerging zoonotic agent. Serotypes 1, 2, 3, 7, 9, 14 and 1/2 are the most prevalent serotypes of this pathogen. However, almost all studies were carried out on serotype 2 strains. Therefore, characterization of genomic features of other serotypes will be required to better understand their virulence potential and phylogenetic relationships among different serotypes. Results Four Chinese S. suis strains belonging to serotypes 1, 7, 9 and 1/2 were sequenced using a rapid, high-throughput approach. Based on the 13 corresponding serotype strains, including 9 previously completed genomes of this bacterium, a full comparative genomic analysis was performed. The results provide evidence that (i) the pan-genome of this species is open and the size increases with addition of new sequenced genomes, (ii) strains of serotypes 1, 3, 7 and 9 are phylogenetically distinct from serotype 2 strains, but all serotype 2 strains, plus the serotype 1/2 and 14 strains, are very closely related. (iii) all these strains, except for the serotype 1 strain, could harbor a recombinant site for a pathogenic island (89 K) mediated by conjugal transfer, and may have the ability to gain the 89 K sequence. Conclusions There is significant genomic diversity among different strains in S. suis, and the gain and loss of large amount of genes are involved in shaping their genomes. This is indicated by (i) pairwise gene content comparisons between every pair of these strains, (ii) the open pan-genome of this species, (iii) the observed indels, invertions and rearrangements in the collinearity analysis. Phylogenetic relationships may be associated with serotype, as serotype 2 strains are closely related and distinct from other serotypes like 1, 3, 7 and 9, but more strains need to be sequenced to confirm this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anding Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan (430070), China
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Wang K, Fan W, Cai L, Huang B, Lu C. Genetic analysis of the capsular polysaccharide synthesis locus in 15 Streptococcus suis serotypes. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2011; 324:117-24. [PMID: 22092812 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2011.02394.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2011] [Revised: 08/22/2011] [Accepted: 08/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The capsular polysaccharide (CPS) synthesis locus of 13 Streptococcus suis serotypes (serotype 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 14, 19, 23, 25 and 1/2) was sequenced and compared with that of serotype 2 and 16. The CPS synthesis locus of these 15 serotypes falls into two genetic groups. The locus is located on the chromosome between orfZ and aroA. All the translated proteins in the CPS synthesis locus were clustered into 127 homology groups using the tribemcl algorithm. The general organization of the locus suggested that the CPS of S. suis could be synthesized by the Wzy-dependent pathway. The capsule of serotypes 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 10, 19 and 23 was predicted to be amino-polysaccharide. Sialic acid was predicted to be present in the capsule of serotypes 1, 2, 14, 16 and 1/2. The characteristics of the CPS synthesis locus suggest that some genes may have been imported into S. suis (or their ancestors) on multiple occasions from different and unknown sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaicheng Wang
- Key Lab Animal Disease Diagnostic & Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Huh HJ, Park KJ, Jang JH, Lee M, Lee JH, Ahn YH, Kang CI, Ki CS, Lee NY. Streptococcus suis meningitis with bilateral sensorineural hearing loss. Korean J Lab Med 2011; 31:205-11. [PMID: 21779197 PMCID: PMC3129354 DOI: 10.3343/kjlm.2011.31.3.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Revised: 03/11/2011] [Accepted: 03/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis infection is an emerging zoonosis in Asia. The most common disease manifestation is meningitis, which is often associated with hearing loss and cochleovestibular signs. S. suis infection in humans mainly occurs among risk groups that have frequent exposure to pigs or raw pork. Here, we report a case of S. suis meningitis in a 67-yr-old pig carcass handler, who presented with dizziness and sensorineural hearing loss followed by headaches. Gram-positive diplococci were isolated from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood cultures and showed gray-white colonies with α-hemolysis. S. suis was identified from CSF and blood cultures by using a Vitek 2 system (bioMérieux, France), API 20 STREP (bioMérieux), and performing 16S rRNA and tuf gene sequencing. Even after receiving antibiotic treatment, patients with S. suis infection frequently show complications such as hearing impairment and vestibular dysfunction. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of S. suis meningitis in Korea. Prevention through public health surveillance is recommended, especially for individuals who have occupational exposures to swine and raw pork.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jae Huh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Wang K, Fan W, Wisselink H, Lu C. The cps locus of Streptococcus suis serotype 16: development of a serotype-specific PCR assay. Vet Microbiol 2011; 153:403-6. [PMID: 21715110 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Revised: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus suis serotype 16 can infect pigs and humans. We describe the identification and the characterization of the capsular polysaccharides synthesis locus of S. suis serotype 16. Using PCR primers flanking the capsular polysaccharides synthesis locus, a 30,101-bp fragment was amplified. Twenty-nine open reading frames related to transcriptional regulation, glycosyl transfer, oligosaccharide repeat unit polymerization, polysaccharide transport, sialic acid synthesis and modification were identified. The data suggests that the serotype 16 capsule is synthesized by a Wzy-dependent pathway. So far, no rapid and sensitive diagnostic method is available for detection of serotype 16 isolates. A serotype specific PCR test for the rapid and sensitive detection of S. suis serotype 16 was developed. Cross hybridization experiments of individual cps genes with chromosomal DNAs of 33 serotypes showed that the cps16G and cps16K genes hybridized with serotype 16 only. Primers based on cps16G were used to develop a serotype 16 specific PCR. The PCR assay was successfully used to identify S. suis serotype 16 in the 99 Chinese S. suis clinical isolates and 8 European isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaicheng Wang
- Key Lab Animal Disease Diagnostic & Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Takamatsu D. [Diversity and virulence factors of Streptococcus suis ]. Nihon Saikingaku Zasshi 2011; 66:7-21. [PMID: 21498962 DOI: 10.3412/jsb.66.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Takamatsu
- Research Team for Bacterial/Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856
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Abstract
Streptococcus suis is an important zoonotic agent leading to a variety of diseases in swine and can be transmitted to human beings upon close contact. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of S. suis serotype 14 strain JS14 which was isolated from a diseased pig in Jiangsu Province, China.
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Hoa NT, Chieu TTB, Nghia HDT, Mai NTH, Anh PH, Wolbers M, Baker S, Campbell JI, Chau NVV, Hien TT, Farrar J, Schultsz C. The antimicrobial resistance patterns and associated determinants in Streptococcus suis isolated from humans in southern Vietnam, 1997-2008. BMC Infect Dis 2011; 11:6. [PMID: 21208459 PMCID: PMC3022717 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-11-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2010] [Accepted: 01/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Streptococcus suis is an emerging zoonotic pathogen and is the leading cause of bacterial meningitis in adults in Vietnam. Systematic data on the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of S. suis strains isolated from human cases are lacking. We studied antimicrobial resistance and associated resistance determinants in S. suis isolated from patients with meningitis in southern Vietnam. Methods S. suis strains isolated between 1997 and 2008 were investigated for their susceptibility to six antimicrobial agents. Strains were screened for the presence and expression of tetracycline and erythromycin resistance determinants and the association of tet(M) genes with Tn916- like transposons. The localization of tetracycline resistance gene tet(L) was determined by pulse field gel electrophoresis and Southern blotting. Results We observed a significant increase in resistance to tetracycline and chloramphenicol, which was concurrent with an increase in multi-drug resistance. In tetracycline resistance strains, we identified tet(M), tet(O), tet(W) and tet(L) and confirmed their expression. All tet(M) genes were associated with a Tn916-like transposon. The co-expression of tet(L) and other tetracycline resistance gene(s) encoding for ribosomal protection protein(s) was only detected in strains with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of tetracycline of ≥ 64 mg/L Conclusions We demonstrated that multi-drug resistance in S. suis causing disease in humans in southern Vietnam has increased over the 11-year period studied. We report the presence and expression of tet(L) in S. suis strains and our data suggest that co-expression of multiple genes encoding distinct mechanism is required for an MIC ≥ 64 mg/L to tetracycline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngo T Hoa
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
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Gottschalk M, Xu J, Calzas C, Segura M. Streptococcus suis: a new emerging or an old neglected zoonotic pathogen? Future Microbiol 2010; 5:371-91. [DOI: 10.2217/fmb.10.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 318] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections caused by Streptococcus suis are considered a global and an economical problem in the swine industry. Moreover, S. suis is an agent of zoonosis that afflicts people in close contact with infected pigs or pork-derived products. Although sporadic cases of S. suis infections in humans (mainly meningitis) have been reported during the last 40 years, a large outbreak due to this pathogen emerged in the summer of 2005 in China. The severity of the infection in humans during the outbreak, such as a shorter incubation time, more rapid disease progression and higher rate of mortality, attracted a lot of attention from the scientific community and the general press. In fact, the number of publications on S. suis (including the number of reported human cases) has significantly increased during recent years. In this article we critically review the present knowledge on S. suis infection in humans, we discuss the hypotheses that may explain the 2005 outbreak and the repercussion of such an episode on the scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Gottschalk
- Streptococcus suis Research Laboratory & International Reference Laboratory for S. suis Serotyping, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Université de Montréal, CP 5000, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Jianguo Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Diseases Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Diseases Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Changping Disrict, Beijing 102206, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cynthia Calzas
- Laboratory of Immunology & Streptococcus suis Research Laboratory, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Université de Montréal, CP 5000, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Mariela Segura
- Laboratory of Immunology, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Université de Montréal, CP 5000, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
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Ju Y, Hao HJ, Xiong GH, Geng HR, Zheng YL, Wang J, Cao Y, Yang YH, Cai XH, Jiang YQ. Development of colloidal gold-based immunochromatographic assay for rapid detection of Streptococcus suis serotype 2. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2010; 133:207-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2009.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2009] [Revised: 07/30/2009] [Accepted: 08/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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