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de-Dios T, Scheib CL, Houldcroft CJ. An Adagio for Viruses, Played Out on Ancient DNA. Genome Biol Evol 2023; 15:evad047. [PMID: 36930529 PMCID: PMC10063219 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evad047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies of ancient DNA have transformed our understanding of human evolution. Paleogenomics can also reveal historic and prehistoric agents of disease, including endemic, epidemic, and pandemic pathogens. Viruses-and in particular those with single- or double-stranded DNA genomes-are an important part of the paleogenomic revolution, preserving within some remains or environmental samples for tens of thousands of years. The results of these studies capture the public imagination, as well as giving scientists a unique perspective on some of the more slowly evolving viruses which cause disease. In this review, we revisit the first studies of historical virus genetic material in the 1990s, through to the genomic revolution of recent years. We look at how paleogenomics works for viral pathogens, such as the need for careful precautions against modern contamination and robust computational pipelines to identify and analyze authenticated viral sequences. We discuss the insights into virus evolution which have been gained through paleogenomics, concentrating on three DNA viruses in particular: parvovirus B19, herpes simplex virus 1, and smallpox. As we consider recent worldwide transmission of monkeypox and synthetic biology tools that allow the potential reconstruction of extinct viruses, we show that studying historical and ancient virus evolution has never been more topical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni de-Dios
- Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Christiana L Scheib
- Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Estonia
- St. John's College, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
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2
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Bichicchi F, Guglietta N, Rocha Alves AD, Fasano E, Manaresi E, Bua G, Gallinella G. Next Generation Sequencing for the Analysis of Parvovirus B19 Genomic Diversity. Viruses 2023; 15:217. [PMID: 36680257 PMCID: PMC9863757 DOI: 10.3390/v15010217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Parvovirus B19 (B19V) is a ssDNA human virus, responsible for an ample range of clinical manifestations. Sequencing of B19V DNA from clinical samples is frequently reported in the literature to assign genotype (genotypes 1-3) and for finer molecular epidemiological tracing. The increasing availability of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) with its depth of coverage potentially yields information on intrinsic sequence heterogeneity; however, integration of this information in analysis of sequence variation is not routinely obtained. The present work investigated genomic sequence heterogeneity within and between B19V isolates by application of NGS techniques, and by the development of a novel dedicated bioinformatic tool and analysis pipeline, yielding information on two newly defined parameters. The first, α-diversity, is a measure of the amount and distribution of position-specific, normalised Shannon Entropy, as a measure of intra-sample sequence heterogeneity. The second, σ-diversity, is a measure of the amount of inter-sample sequence heterogeneity, also incorporating information on α-diversity. Based on these indexes, further cluster analysis can be performed. A set of 24 high-titre viraemic samples was investigated. Of these, 23 samples were genotype 1 and one sample was genotype 2. Genotype 1 isolates showed low α-diversity values, with only a few samples showing distinct position-specific polymorphisms; a few genetically related clusters emerged when analysing inter-sample distances, correlated to the year of isolation; the single genotype 2 isolate showed the highest α-diversity, even if not presenting polymorphisms, and was an evident outlier when analysing inter-sample distance. In conclusion, NGS analysis and the bioinformatic tool and pipeline developed and used in the present work can be considered effective tools for investigating sequence diversity, an observable parameter that can be incorporated into the quasispecies theory framework to yield a better insight into viral evolution dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Bichicchi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Niccolò Guglietta
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Arthur Daniel Rocha Alves
- Laboratory of Technological Development in Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation/FIOCRUZ, Brasil Avenue 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Erika Fasano
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Manaresi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Gloria Bua
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giorgio Gallinella
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Microbiology Section, IRCCS Sant’Orsola Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy
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Pattabiraman C, Prasad P, Sudarshan S, George AK, Sreenivas D, Rasheed R, Ghosh A, Pal A, Hameed SKS, Bandyopadhyay B, Desai A, Vasanthapuram R. Identification and Genomic Characterization of Parvovirus B19V Genotype 3 Viruses from Cases of Meningoencephalitis in West Bengal, India. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0225121. [PMID: 35412386 PMCID: PMC9045363 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02251-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain infections are a major public health problem in India and other parts of the world, causing both mortality and lifelong disability. Even after a thorough investigation, many cases remain without an etiological diagnosis. Primate erythroparvovirus 1 (B19V) has been identified as a pathogen associated with undiagnosed meningoencephalitis in other settings, including the United Kingdom, France, and Latvia. Here, we reported 13/403 (3.2%) B19V PCR positive cases of meningoencephalitis in West Bengal, India. The positive samples were mostly from children (10/13, 76.92%) and presented as a spectrum consisting of acute encephalitis (7/13), acute meningoencephalitis (3/13), and meningitis (3/13). Of the 13 cases, 8/13 (61.5%) had no known etiology and 5/13 (38.5%) had a previous etiological diagnosis. The cases did not cluster in time or by location, suggesting sporadic occurrence rather than outbreaks. We were able to retrieve the complete B19V genomes from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in 12/13 cases. The sequences clustered into genotype 3b with complete genomes from Brazil, Ghana, and France, and partial genomes from India and Kyrgyzstan. This is the first report of B19V in cases of neurological infections from India. It highlights the need to evaluate the causal relationship between B19V with meningoencephalitis in the country. These were also the first complete genomes of genotype 3b from CSF and will be critical in the evaluation of the relationship between genotypes and disease. IMPORTANCE Cases of meningoencephalitis with no known etiology remain a major challenge to clinical management of brain infections across the world. In this study, we detected and characterized the whole-genome of primate erythroparvovirus 1 (B19V) in cases of meningoencephalitis in India. Our work highlighted the association between B19V and brain infections which has been reported in other countries. Our work also emphasized the need to examine the role of B19V in meningoencephalitis, specifically whether it caused or contributed to the disease together with other pathogens in India. Our study provided the first 12 genomes of B19V from cerebrospinal fluid. These genomes will contribute to an understanding of how the virus is changing across different locations and over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chitra Pattabiraman
- Department of Neurovirology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Pramada Prasad
- Department of Neurovirology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sampada Sudarshan
- Department of Neurovirology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Anson K. George
- Department of Neurovirology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Darshan Sreenivas
- Department of Neurovirology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Risha Rasheed
- Department of Neurovirology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Ayushman Ghosh
- Department of Neurovirology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Ananya Pal
- Department of Microbiology, Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, India
| | - Shafeeq K. Shahul Hameed
- Department of Neurovirology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Bhaswati Bandyopadhyay
- Virology Unit, Department of Microbiology, Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, India
| | - Anita Desai
- Department of Neurovirology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Ravi Vasanthapuram
- Department of Neurovirology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
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Abdelrahman D, Al-Sadeq DW, Smatti MK, Taleb SA, AbuOdeh RO, Al-Absi ES, Al-Thani AA, Coyle PV, Al-Dewik N, Qahtani AAA, Yassine HM, Nasrallah GK. Prevalence and Phylogenetic Analysis of Parvovirus (B19V) among Blood Donors with Different Nationalities Residing in Qatar. Viruses 2021; 13:v13040540. [PMID: 33805034 PMCID: PMC8063948 DOI: 10.3390/v13040540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human parvovirus (B19V) is the causative agent of erythema infectiosum in children and is linked to a wide range of clinical manifestations. Studies related to B19V prevalence in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region and other parts of Asia are very scarce. The objectives of this study were to estimate the seroprevalence (anti-B19V IgM and IgG), the viremia rate (B19V DNA), and the circulating genotypes of B19V among blood donors in Qatar. Methods: Donors’ blood samples (n = 5026) from different nationalities, mainly from the MENA region and South East Asia, were collected from 2014–2016. Samples were tested for the B19V DNA using RT-PCR. Furthermore, 1000 selected samples were tested to determine the seroprevalence of B19V antibodies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Genotyping was performed on 65 DNA positive samples by sequencing of nested PCR fragments (NS1-VP1u region, 927 nt). Results: Only 1.4% (70/5026) of the samples had detectible B19V DNA in their blood. B19V DNA prevalence statistically decreased with age (p = 0.03). Anti-B19V IgG was detected in 60.3% (561/930) of the tested samples, while only 2.1% (20/930) were IgM-positive and 1.2% (11/930) were both IgM- and IgG-positive. B19V genotyping showed a predominance of Genotype 1 (100%). Sequence analysis of the NS1-VP1u region revealed 139 mutation sites, some of which were amino acid substitutions. Conclusion: Our results indicated a relatively high seroprevalence of B19V in Qatar. Most importantly, B19 DNA was detected among Qatari and non-Qatari blood donors. Therefore, blood banks in Qatar might need to consider screening for B19V, especially when transfusion is intended for high-risk populations, including immunocompromised patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Duaa W. Al-Sadeq
- Biomedical Research Center, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar; (D.W.A.-S.); (M.K.S.); (E.S.A.-A.); (A.A.A.-T.); (H.M.Y.)
- College of Medicine, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Maria K. Smatti
- Biomedical Research Center, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar; (D.W.A.-S.); (M.K.S.); (E.S.A.-A.); (A.A.A.-T.); (H.M.Y.)
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar;
| | - Sara A. Taleb
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar;
| | - Raed O AbuOdeh
- Medical Laboratory Sciences Department, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Enas S. Al-Absi
- Biomedical Research Center, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar; (D.W.A.-S.); (M.K.S.); (E.S.A.-A.); (A.A.A.-T.); (H.M.Y.)
| | - Asmaa A. Al-Thani
- Biomedical Research Center, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar; (D.W.A.-S.); (M.K.S.); (E.S.A.-A.); (A.A.A.-T.); (H.M.Y.)
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Peter. V. Coyle
- Division of Virology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar;
| | - Nader Al-Dewik
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar;
| | - Ahmed A. Al Qahtani
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Alfaisal University School of Medicine, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hadi M. Yassine
- Biomedical Research Center, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar; (D.W.A.-S.); (M.K.S.); (E.S.A.-A.); (A.A.A.-T.); (H.M.Y.)
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Gheyath K. Nasrallah
- Biomedical Research Center, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar; (D.W.A.-S.); (M.K.S.); (E.S.A.-A.); (A.A.A.-T.); (H.M.Y.)
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Correspondence:
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Lu G, Wu L, Ou J, Li S. Equine Parvovirus-Hepatitis in China: Characterization of Its Genetic Diversity and Evidence for Natural Recombination Events Between the Chinese and American Strains. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:121. [PMID: 32211433 PMCID: PMC7076910 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Equine parvovirus-hepatitis (EqPV-H) was first reported in a horse that died of equine serum hepatitis in the USA in 2018, and was determined having a strong association with equine serum hepatitis in the following studies. As a newly discovered virus, the genomic sequences of only seven EqPV-H strains have been reported. Considering this, an epidemiological study was performed to investigate the prevalence of EqPV-H in equines in Guangdong Province in China, and obtain genomic sequences of the field prevalent EqPV-H strains. The detection rate of EqPV-H was finally determined to be 8.33% (95% CI: 2.8-18.4%), and EqPV-H's coinfection with equine hepacivirus and equine pegivirus was also determined. Then, the genomes of the Chinese field EqPV-H strains were obtained by PCR, sequencing, and assembly. Through bootscanning analysis, Simplot analysis, and phylogenetic analysis, strong evidence for natural recombination events were found in two Chinese field EqPV-H strains. The natural recombination events occurred between the Chinese and American strains, and were determined within VP protein. Finally, the genetic distance of EqPV-H strains was investigated. Nucleotide identities of 97.1-99.9% and 95.2-100% were found for NS and VP between EqPV-H strains, respectively. Together with other molecular evidence obtained in the present study, the genetic diversity of EqPV-H was determined. Taken together, the results of the present study expand our knowledge on the epidemiological characteristics, genetic variability, and evolution of EqPV-H.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Technological Engineering Research Center for Pet, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liyan Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Technological Engineering Research Center for Pet, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiajun Ou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Technological Engineering Research Center for Pet, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shoujun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Technological Engineering Research Center for Pet, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
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Abstract
Parvoviruses are structurally simple viruses with linear single-stranded DNA genomes and nonenveloped icosahedral capsids. They infect a wide range of animals from insects to humans. Parvovirus B19 is a long-known human pathogen, whereas adeno-associated viruses are nonpathogenic. Since 2005, many parvoviruses have been discovered in human-derived samples: bocaviruses 1-4, parvovirus 4, bufavirus, tusavirus, and cutavirus. Some human parvoviruses have already been shown to cause disease during acute infection, some are associated with chronic diseases, and others still remain to be proven clinically relevant-or harmless commensals, a distinction not as apparent as it might seem. One initially human-labeled parvovirus might not even be a human virus, whereas another was originally overlooked due to inadequate diagnostics. The intention of this review is to follow the rocky road of emerging human parvoviruses from discovery of a DNA sequence to current and future clinical status, highlighting the perils along the way.
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Salbetti MB, Pedranti MS, Barbero P, Molisani P, Lazzari M, Olivera N, Isa MB, Bertoldi A, Moreno L, Adamo MP. Molecular screening of the human parvoviruses B19 and bocavirus 1 in the study of congenital diseases as applied to symptomatic pregnant women and children. Access Microbiol 2019; 1:e000037. [PMID: 32974527 PMCID: PMC7470285 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction B19 virus (B19V) and bocavirus 1 (HBoV1) are human pathogenic parvoviruses that are prevalent worldwide and are responsible for a diverse and not yet fully established spectrum of clinical manifestations. Objective To screen B19V and HBoV1 in patients with clinical manifestations associated with acquisition of the infection during gestation. Methods A retrospective, observational study was performed that included serum samples from patients without a previous known aetiology. B19V and HBoV1 were determined by end-point PCR. Positive samples were genotyped. Results A total of 106 serum samples were analysed, 61 from pregnant women and 45 from neonates and paediatric patients. None were positive for HBoV1, while B19V was detected in 37/106 [34.9 %, 95 % confidence interval (CI): 26.5–44.4] of the samples studied. In the group of pregnant women, 28/61 (45.9 %, 95 % CI: 34.0–58.3) were B19V-positive, and 2 of them had foetal anaemia followed by hydrops and foetal death, 3 were associated with a history of recurrent pregnancy loss and there was 1 case of spontaneous abortion. B19V was also detected in cases of maternal febrile exanthema, polyhydramnios, oligohydramnios and foetal ascites. In the group of children, 9/45 (20.0 %, 95 % CI: 10.9–33.8) neonatal patients were B19V-positive, and this was associated with foetal hydrops, TORCH syndrome and cardiac alterations. The nucleotide sequences analysed confirmed the identity of B19V genotype 1. Conclusions We found no evidence to indicate the presence of HBoV1 in maternal blood or in the newborns/paediatric patients (hence providing no support for the supposed vertical transmission). On the other hand, the high frequency of B19V in the pathologies studied indicates the importance of molecular diagnosis in both the mother and the child. Future efforts should contribute to early detection and characterization of infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Belen Salbetti
- Laboratorio de Rubéola y Parvovirus, Instituto de Virología “Dr J. M. Vanella”, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enf. Gordillo Gómez s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Mauro Sebastian Pedranti
- Laboratorio de Rubéola y Parvovirus, Instituto de Virología “Dr J. M. Vanella”, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enf. Gordillo Gómez s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Paula Barbero
- Área de Epidemiología, Ministerio de Salud de la Provincia de Córdoba, Av. Vélez Sarsfield 2311, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Paula Molisani
- Laboratorio de Rubéola y Parvovirus, Instituto de Virología “Dr J. M. Vanella”, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enf. Gordillo Gómez s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Martina Lazzari
- Laboratorio de Rubéola y Parvovirus, Instituto de Virología “Dr J. M. Vanella”, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enf. Gordillo Gómez s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Nicolas Olivera
- Laboratorio de Rubéola y Parvovirus, Instituto de Virología “Dr J. M. Vanella”, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enf. Gordillo Gómez s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Maria Beatriz Isa
- Clínica Universitaria Reina Fabiola, Córdoba, Oncativo 1248, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ariel Bertoldi
- Clínica Universitaria Reina Fabiola, Córdoba, Oncativo 1248, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Laura Moreno
- Cátedra de Clínica Pediátrica, Hospital Universitario de Maternidad y Neonatología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Rodríguez Peña 285, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Maria Pilar Adamo
- Laboratorio de Rubéola y Parvovirus, Instituto de Virología “Dr J. M. Vanella”, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enf. Gordillo Gómez s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina
- *Correspondence: Maria Pilar Adamo,
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Ancient human parvovirus B19 in Eurasia reveals its long-term association with humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:7557-7562. [PMID: 29967156 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1804921115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human parvovirus B19 (B19V) is a ubiquitous human pathogen associated with a number of conditions, such as fifth disease in children and arthritis and arthralgias in adults. B19V is thought to evolve exceptionally rapidly among DNA viruses, with substitution rates previously estimated to be closer to those typical of RNA viruses. On the basis of genetic sequences up to ∼70 years of age, the most recent common ancestor of all B19V has been dated to the early 1800s, and it has been suggested that genotype 1, the most common B19V genotype, only started circulating in the 1960s. Here we present 10 genomes (63.9-99.7% genome coverage) of B19V from dental and skeletal remains of individuals who lived in Eurasia and Greenland from ∼0.5 to ∼6.9 thousand years ago (kya). In a phylogenetic analysis, five of the ancient B19V sequences fall within or basal to the modern genotype 1, and five fall basal to genotype 2, showing a long-term association of B19V with humans. The most recent common ancestor of all B19V is placed ∼12.6 kya, and we find a substitution rate that is an order of magnitude lower than inferred previously. Further, we are able to date the recombination event between genotypes 1 and 3 that formed genotype 2 to ∼5.0-6.8 kya. This study emphasizes the importance of ancient viral sequences for our understanding of virus evolution and phylogenetics.
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Jain A, Kant R. Genotypes of erythrovirus B19, their geographical distribution & circulation in cases with various clinical manifestations. Indian J Med Res 2018; 147:239-247. [PMID: 29923512 PMCID: PMC6022381 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_1816_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythrovirus B19 (B19V) is one of the erythroviruses known to be pathogenic in humans. B19V is classified into three distinct genotypes; 1, 2 and 3, differing from each other by 2-13 per cent. Genotype 1 consists of the prototype B19V isolates, genotype 2 comprises the A6, LaLi and their related isolates while genotype 3 includes the V9- and V9-related isolates. The classification of genotype 1 into two subtypes (1A and 1B) and genotype 3 into two subtypes (3a and 3b) with an estimated nucleotide difference of about 5 per cent has been done. Predominance of genotype 1 across all the continents is seen followed by genotypes 2 and 3. There are no disease-specific genotypes. All the three genotypes have been found in symptomatic as well as asymptomatic individuals and have been reported from several countries across the world. The prevalence of genotype 2 in older populations and its absence from current circulation in Northern Europe has also been reported. The present review focuses on geographic distribution and association of genotypes of B19V with different clinical manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amita Jain
- Department of Microbiology, K.G. Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Ravi Kant
- Former Vice-Chancellor, K.G. Medical University, Lucknow, India
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10
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Javanmard D, Ziaee M, Ghaffari H, Namaei MH, Tavakoli A, Mollaei H, Moghoofei M, Mortazavi HS, Monavari SH. Human parvovirus B19 and parvovirus 4 among Iranian patients with hemophilia. Blood Res 2017; 52:311-315. [PMID: 29333409 PMCID: PMC5762743 DOI: 10.5045/br.2017.52.4.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human parvovirus B19 (B19V) is one of the smallest DNA viruses and shows great resistance to most disinfectants. Therefore, it is one of the common contaminant pathogens present in blood and plasma products. Parvovirus 4 (PARV4) is a newly identified parvovirus, which is also prevalent in parenteral transmission. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of B19V and PARV4 DNA among patients with hemophilia in Birjand County in eastern Iran. Methods This was a cross-sectional epidemiological study comprising nearly all people with hemophilia in this region. Whole blood samples were taken after patient registration and sent for plasma isolation. After nucleic acid extraction, B19V was detected with real-time polymerase chain reaction, PARV4 DNA was then detected using sensitive semi-nested PCR. Results In total, there were 86 patients with hemophilia, with mean age 28.5±1.5 years. Of these, 90.7% were men and 9.3% women; 84.9% had hemophilia A and 7.0% had hemophilia B. We found 11 patients (12.8%) were positive for B19V DNA and 8 were positive (9.3%) for PARV4 DNA. The prevalence of B19V was higher in middle-aged groups rather than younger people, whereas PARV4 infection was more common in younger patients (P <0.05). Conclusion There was a high prevalence of B19V and PARV4 infection in this high-risk group of patients with hemophilia. Due to the clinical significance of the B19 virus, imposing more precautionary measures for serum and blood products is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davod Javanmard
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masood Ziaee
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Hadi Ghaffari
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hasan Namaei
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Ahmad Tavakoli
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Mollaei
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohsen Moghoofei
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Helya Sadat Mortazavi
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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11
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Bonvicini F, Bua G, Gallinella G. Parvovirus B19 infection in pregnancy-awareness and opportunities. Curr Opin Virol 2017; 27:8-14. [PMID: 29096233 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Parvovirus B19 (B19V) is a human pathogenic virus associated with a wide range of clinical conditions. In pregnancy, B19V poses a potential hazard to the fetus as crossing the placental barrier and infecting erythroid progenitor cells in bone marrow and liver, it blocks fetal erythropoiesis leading to profound anemia, hydrops and/or fetal death. The virus is not regarded as a teratogen, however more scientific awareness is emerging on mechanisms and consequences of intrauterine infection and possible sequelae in the neonatal development. Reliable diagnostic procedures and fetal management strategies, including intrauterine transfusion, are established. In spite of being a recognized fetotropic agent possibly leading to fetal loss, testing for B19V is not routinely included in preconception or antenatal screenings, possibly delaying the management of B19V-complicated pregnancies. Continuous advances in B19V research will provide for better diagnostic methods and algorithms, as well as for the development of effective prophylactic interventions and novel therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Bonvicini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Gloria Bua
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giorgio Gallinella
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy; S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital - Microbiology, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
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12
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Pedranti MS, Rodriguez-Lombardi G, Bracciaforte R, Romano N, Lujan P, Ricchi B, Mautino J, Adamo MP. Parvovirus B19 in HIV+ adult patients with different CD4+ lymphocyte counts. J Med Microbiol 2017; 66:1715-1721. [PMID: 29095139 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Human parvovirus B19 (B19V) can cause anemia in immunocompromised patients. We aimed to investigate the presence of B19V in HIV+ adults with different CD4+ T cell counts, to recognise the frequency of B19V in these different conditions and its possible association with anemia. METHODOLOGY We studied B19V specific IgM, IgG and DNA in 98 HIV+ patients and in 52 healthy individuals. HIV load, CD4+ counts and haemoglobin level were also determined in the patients. RESULTS No individual in the control group had detectable IgM, 41/52 (78.8 %) had IgG and 5/52 (9.6 %) had B19V DNA. Among HIV+ patients, we found 5/98 (5.1 %) IgM+, 66/98 (67.3 %) IgG+ and 15/98 (15.3 %) had B19V DNA (no significant differences between the two groups compared). Considering the CD4+ cell range in HIV patients, 37 had <200 CD4+ cells ml-1, 31 had 200-500, and 30 had >500. Anti-B19V IgG prevalence in patients with >500 CD4+ cells ml-1 was significantly higher than in the rest (P=0.004) and compared to the control (P=0.046). B19V DNA concentration was always <103 IU ml-1, including 5 healthy individuals and 15 HIV+ patients. There was no significant association between B19V IgM or DNA and anemia nor between B19V DNA and HIV load. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that B19V is not a high-risk factor for anemia in adult HIV+ patients under HAART treatment. Further studies will contribute to elucidate the mechanisms and significance of B19V DNA prevalence/persistence in adults, independently of the CD4+ cell status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Sebastian Pedranti
- Institutode Virología 'Dr J. M. Vanella', Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Fundaciónpara el Progreso de la Medicina, Córdoba, Argentina
| | | | - Romina Bracciaforte
- Institutode Virología 'Dr J. M. Vanella', Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | | | - Pablo Lujan
- Hospital Privado, Centro Médico de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Brenda Ricchi
- Hospital Privado, Centro Médico de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Jorge Mautino
- Fundaciónpara el Progreso de la Medicina, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Maria Pilar Adamo
- Institutode Virología 'Dr J. M. Vanella', Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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13
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Jia J, Zhong Y, Guo Y, Huangfu C, Zhao X, Fang C, Fan R, Ma Y, Zhang J. Simultaneous detection and differentiation of human parvovirus B19 and human parvovirus 4 by an internally controlled multiplex quantitative real-time PCR. Mol Cell Probes 2017; 36:50-57. [PMID: 28863892 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Human parvovirus B19 (B19V) and human parvovirus 4 (PARV4) are two parvoviruses known to infect humans and transmit through blood and plasma derived medicinal products (PDMPs). Inactivation of the two parvoviruses has proven to be difficult and nucleic acid testing (NAT) would be an efficient means to exclude viruses. In this study, an internally controlled multiplex quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assay for B19V and PARV4 simultaneous detection and quantification was established and evaluated. The optimized multiplex qPCR assay allowed for simultaneous detection of all of the genotypes (1-3) of B19V and PARV4, with equal limit of quantification (LOQ) of 5 copies/μL, rather than other blood-borne viruses. It had a wide dynamic range of reliable amplification linearity of at least 8 orders of magnitude. Low standard deviations (SD) of quantification cycle (Cq) values and low coefficients of variation (CV) of copy numbers for both B19V and PARV4 suggested a high level of repeatability and reproducibility for the multiplex qPCR assay. This multiplex qPCR assay can be served as a readily applicable approach to screen plasma units intended for further manufacturing into PDMPs to reduce the risk of parvoviruses infection by such products and may also be useful for the detection of B19V/PARV4 co-infection or co-existence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junting Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Blood Safety and Supply Technologies & Blood Products and Substitute Laboratory, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Yadi Zhong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Blood Safety and Supply Technologies & Blood Products and Substitute Laboratory, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Yi Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Blood Safety and Supply Technologies & Blood Products and Substitute Laboratory, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; Shaanxi Blood Center, Xi'an 710000, China.
| | - Chaoji Huangfu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Blood Safety and Supply Technologies & Blood Products and Substitute Laboratory, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Xiong Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Blood Safety and Supply Technologies & Blood Products and Substitute Laboratory, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Chi Fang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Blood Safety and Supply Technologies & Blood Products and Substitute Laboratory, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Rui Fan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Blood Safety and Supply Technologies & Blood Products and Substitute Laboratory, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Yuyuan Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Blood Safety and Supply Technologies & Blood Products and Substitute Laboratory, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Jingang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Blood Safety and Supply Technologies & Blood Products and Substitute Laboratory, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.
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14
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Abstract
Parvovirus B19 (B19V) and human bocavirus 1 (HBoV1), members of the large Parvoviridae family, are human pathogens responsible for a variety of diseases. For B19V in particular, host features determine disease manifestations. These viruses are prevalent worldwide and are culturable in vitro, and serological and molecular assays are available but require careful interpretation of results. Additional human parvoviruses, including HBoV2 to -4, human parvovirus 4 (PARV4), and human bufavirus (BuV) are also reviewed. The full spectrum of parvovirus disease in humans has yet to be established. Candidate recombinant B19V vaccines have been developed but may not be commercially feasible. We review relevant features of the molecular and cellular biology of these viruses, and the human immune response that they elicit, which have allowed a deep understanding of pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Qiu
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Immunology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | | | - Neal S Young
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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15
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Väisänen E, Paloniemi M, Kuisma I, Lithovius V, Kumar A, Franssila R, Ahmed K, Delwart E, Vesikari T, Hedman K, Söderlund-Venermo M. Epidemiology of two human protoparvoviruses, bufavirus and tusavirus. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39267. [PMID: 27966636 PMCID: PMC5155296 DOI: 10.1038/srep39267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Two human parvoviruses were recently discovered by metagenomics in Africa, bufavirus (BuV) in 2012 and tusavirus (TuV) in 2014. These viruses have been studied exclusively by PCR in stool and detected only in patients with diarrhoea, although at low prevalence. Three genotypes of BuV have been identified. We detected, by in-house EIA, BuV1-3 IgG antibodies in 7/228 children (3.1%) and 10/180 adults (5.6%), whereas TuV IgG was found in one child (0.4%). All children and 91% of the adults were Finnish, yet interestingly 3/6 adults of Indian origin were BuV-IgG positive. By competition EIA, no cross-reactivity between the BuVs was detected, indicating that the BuV genotypes represent distinct serotypes. Furthermore, we analysed by BuV qPCR stool and nasal swab samples from 955 children with gastroenteritis, respiratory illness, or both, and found BuV DNA in three stools (0.3%) and for the first time in a nasal swab (0.1%). This is the first study documenting the presence of BuV and TuV antibodies in humans. Although the seroprevalences of both viruses were low in Finland, our results indicate that BuV infections might be widespread in Asia. The BuV-specific humoral immune responses appeared to be strong and long-lasting, pointing to systemic infection in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Väisänen
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Minna Paloniemi
- Vaccine Research Center, University of Tampere, Tampere 33520, Finland.,Fimlab laboratories ltd, Tampere 33520, Finland
| | - Inka Kuisma
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Väinö Lithovius
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Arun Kumar
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland.,Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, ON P3E 5J1, Canada
| | - Rauli Franssila
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Kamruddin Ahmed
- Department of Pathobiology and Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Eric Delwart
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
| | - Timo Vesikari
- Vaccine Research Center, University of Tampere, Tampere 33520, Finland
| | - Klaus Hedman
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland.,Helsinki University Hospital, HUSLAB, Helsinki 00290, Finland
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16
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Stamenković GG, Ćirković VS, Šiljić MM, Blagojević JV, Knežević AM, Joksić ID, Stanojević MP. Substitution rate and natural selection in parvovirus B19. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35759. [PMID: 27775080 PMCID: PMC5075947 DOI: 10.1038/srep35759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to estimate substitution rate and imprints of natural selection on parvovirus B19 genotype 1. Studied datasets included 137 near complete coding B19 genomes (positions 665 to 4851) for phylogenetic and substitution rate analysis and 146 and 214 partial genomes for selection analyses in open reading frames ORF1 and ORF2, respectively, collected 1973–2012 and including 9 newly sequenced isolates from Serbia. Phylogenetic clustering assigned majority of studied isolates to G1A. Nucleotide substitution rate for total coding DNA was 1.03 (0.6–1.27) x 10−4 substitutions/site/year, with higher values for analyzed genome partitions. In spite of the highest evolutionary rate, VP2 codons were found to be under purifying selection with rare episodic positive selection, whereas codons under diversifying selection were found in the unique part of VP1, known to contain B19 immune epitopes important in persistent infection. Analyses of overlapping gene regions identified nucleotide positions under opposite selective pressure in different ORFs, suggesting complex evolutionary mechanisms of nucleotide changes in B19 viral genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gorana G Stamenković
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for biological research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, 142 Despot Stephan Blvd, 11060 Belgrade, R Serbia
| | - Valentina S Ćirković
- Institute for Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 1/1 Dr Subotića St, 11000 Belgrade, R Serbia
| | - Marina M Šiljić
- Institute for Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 1/1 Dr Subotića St, 11000 Belgrade, R Serbia
| | - Jelena V Blagojević
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for biological research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, 142 Despot Stephan Blvd, 11060 Belgrade, R Serbia
| | - Aleksandra M Knežević
- Institute for Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 1/1 Dr Subotića St, 11000 Belgrade, R Serbia
| | - Ivana D Joksić
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology "Narodni front", 62 Kraljice Natalije St, 11000 Belgrade, R Serbia
| | - Maja P Stanojević
- Institute for Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 1/1 Dr Subotića St, 11000 Belgrade, R Serbia
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17
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Jia J, Ma Y, Zhao X, Huangfu C, Zhong Y, Fang C, Fan R, Lv M, Zhang J. Existence of various human parvovirus B19 genotypes in Chinese plasma pools: genotype 1, genotype 3, putative intergenotypic recombinant variants and new genotypes. Virol J 2016; 13:155. [PMID: 27639978 PMCID: PMC5027099 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-016-0611-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human parvovirus B19 (B19V) is a frequent contaminant of blood and plasma-derived medicinal products. Three distinct genotypes of B19V have been identified. The distribution of the three B19V genotypes has been investigated in various regions or countries. However, in China, data on the existence of different B19V genotypes are limited. Methods One hundred and eighteen B19V-DNA positive source plasma pool samples collected from three Chinese blood products manufacturers were analyzed. The subgenomic NS1/VP1u region junction of B19V was amplified by nested PCR. These amplified products were then cloned and subsequently sequenced. For genotyping, their phylogenetic inferences were constructed based on the NS1/VP1-unique region. Then putative recombination events were analyzed and identified. Results Phylogenetic analysis of 118 B19V sequences attributed 61.86 % to genotype 1a, 10.17 % to genotype 1b, and 17.80 % to genotype 3b. All the genotype 3b sequences obtained in this study grouped as a specific, closely related cluster with B19V strain D91.1. Four 1a/3b recombinants and 5 new atypical B19V variants with no recombination events were identified. Conclusions There were at least 3 subtypes (1a, 1b and 3b) of B19V circulating in China. Furthermore, putative B19V 1a/3b recombinants and unclassified strains were identified as well. Such recombinant and unclassified strains may contribute to the genetic diversity of B19V and consequently complicate the B19V infection diagnosis and NAT screening. Further studies will be required to elucidate the biological significance of the recombinant and unclassified strains. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12985-016-0611-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junting Jia
- Laboratory for Viral Safety of National Centre of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, No. 27 Taiping road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Yuyuan Ma
- Laboratory for Viral Safety of National Centre of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, No. 27 Taiping road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Xiong Zhao
- Laboratory for Viral Safety of National Centre of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, No. 27 Taiping road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Chaoji Huangfu
- Laboratory for Viral Safety of National Centre of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, No. 27 Taiping road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Yadi Zhong
- Laboratory for Viral Safety of National Centre of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, No. 27 Taiping road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Chi Fang
- Laboratory for Viral Safety of National Centre of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, No. 27 Taiping road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Rui Fan
- Laboratory for Viral Safety of National Centre of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, No. 27 Taiping road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Maomin Lv
- Laboratory for Viral Safety of National Centre of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, No. 27 Taiping road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Jingang Zhang
- Laboratory for Viral Safety of National Centre of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, No. 27 Taiping road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China.
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18
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Jain A, Jain P, Prakash S, Kumar A, Khan DN, Seth A, Gupta S, Kant R. Genotype 3b of human parvovirus B19 detected from hospitalized children with solid malignancies in a North Indian tertiary care hospital. J Med Virol 2016; 88:1922-9. [PMID: 27116539 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Human parvovirus B19 (B19V) infection is known to cause serious consequences in immuno-compromized individuals. The present cross sectional study was designed to estimate the prevalence and genotype distribution of B19V in children receiving chemotherapy for solid malignancies at a tertiary care hospital in North India during October 2013 to May 2015. Serum samples from all the patients were tested for anti-B19V IgM and IgG antibodies and for B19V-DNA as soon as received. Samples testing positive for B19V-DNA were subjected to viral load estimation and to genotype determination by sequencing. Total 96 children were enrolled of which 9 (9.3%), 32 (33.3%), and 25 (26%) tested positive for anti-B19V IgM, anti-B19V IgG, and B19V-DNA, respectively. The viral load of B19V-DNA positive children ranged from 5.5 × 10(2) to 3.5 × 10(12) copies/ml. Accordingly children were divided into three groups: group I, with acute infection (n = 25); group II, previously exposed (n = 27), and group III, negative for B19V infection or with inappropriate antibody response (n = 44). B19V positivity was significantly associated (P-value < 0.0001) with a history of blood transfusion in the past 6 months, severe anemia (hemoglobin levels <6 gm%) and thrombocytopenia (platelets <150,000/cu.mm.). Sequence analysis of 21 of 25 DNA positive samples showed that all of them were Genotype 3b that clustered into three groups. All the sequences within each cluster were identical. The nucleotide identity of the sequences suggests a nosocomial outbreak of B19V during the study period. Children on chemotherapy for solid tumors should be routinely screened for B19V infection by both serology and PCR. J. Med. Virol. 88:1922-1929, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amita Jain
- Department of Microbiology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Parul Jain
- Department of Microbiology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Shantanu Prakash
- Department of Microbiology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Archana Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Danish N Khan
- Department of Microbiology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Akansha Seth
- Department of Microbiology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Shikha Gupta
- Department of Microbiology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Ravi Kant
- Vice Chancellor, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
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19
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Toppinen M, Norja P, Aaltonen LM, Wessberg S, Hedman L, Söderlund-Venermo M, Hedman K. A new quantitative PCR for human parvovirus B19 genotypes. J Virol Methods 2015; 218:40-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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20
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Jain P, Jain A, Prakash S, Khan DN, Singh DD, Kumar A, Moulik NR, Chandra T. Prevalence and genotypic characterization of human parvovirus B19 in children with hemato-oncological disorders in North India. J Med Virol 2014; 87:303-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Parul Jain
- Department of Microbiology; King George's Medical University; Lucknow India
| | - Amita Jain
- Department of Microbiology; King George's Medical University; Lucknow India
| | - Shantanu Prakash
- Department of Microbiology; King George's Medical University; Lucknow India
| | - Danish N Khan
- Department of Microbiology; King George's Medical University; Lucknow India
| | - Desh D Singh
- Department of Microbiology; King George's Medical University; Lucknow India
| | - Archana Kumar
- Department of Paediatrics; King George's Medical University; Lucknow India
| | - Nirmalya R Moulik
- Department of Paediatrics; King George's Medical University; Lucknow India
| | - Tulika Chandra
- Department of Transfusion Medicine; King George's Medical University; Lucknow India
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21
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Lavrentyeva IN, Antipova AY. HUMAN PARVOVIRUS В19: VIRUS CHARACTERISTICS, DISTRIBUTION AND DIAGNOSTICS OF PARVOVIRUS INFECTION. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.15789/2220-7619-2013-4-311-322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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22
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Bock CT, Düchting A, Utta F, Brunner E, Sy BT, Klingel K, Lang F, Gawaz M, Felix SB, Kandolf R. Molecular phenotypes of human parvovirus B19 in patients with myocarditis. World J Cardiol 2014; 6:183-195. [PMID: 24772258 PMCID: PMC3999338 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v6.i4.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate molecular phenotypes of myocardial B19V-infection to determine the role of B19V in myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM).
METHODS: Endomyocardial biopsies (EMBs) from 498 B19V-positive patients with myocarditis and DCM were analyzed using molecular methods and functional experiments. EMBs were obtained from the University Hospitals of Greifswald and Tuebingen and additionally from 36 German cardiology centers. Control tissues were obtained at autopsy from 34 victims of accidents, crime or suicide. Identification of mononuclear cell infiltrates in EMBs was performed using immunohistological staining. Anti-B19V-IgM and anti-B19V-IgG were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). B19V viral loads were determined using in-house quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). For B19V-genotyping a new B19V-genotype-specific restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)-PCR was established. B19V-genotyping was verified by direct DNA-sequencing and sequences were aligned using BLAST and BioEdit software. B19V P6-promoter and HHV6-U94-transactivator constructs were generated for cell culture experiments. Transfection experiments were conducted using human endothelial cells 1. Luciferase reporter assays were performed to determine B19V-replication activity. Statistical analysis and graphical representation were calculated using SPSS and Prism5 software.
RESULTS: The prevalence of B19V was significantly more likely to be associated with inflammatory cardiomyopathy (iCMP) compared to uninflamed DCM (59.6% vs 35.3%) (P < 0.0001). The detection of B19V-mRNA replication intermediates proved that replication of B19V was present. RFLP-PCR assays showed that B19V-genotype 1 (57.4%) and B19V-genotype 2 (36.7%) were the most prevalent viral genotypes. B19V-genotype 2 was observed more frequently in EMBs with iCMP (65.0%) compared to DCM (35%) (P = 0.049). Although there was no significant difference in gender-specific B19V-loads, women were more frequently infected with B19V-genotype 2 (44.6%) than men (36.0%) (P = 0.0448). Coinfection with B19V and other cardiotropic viruses was found in 19.2% of tissue samples and was associated with higher B19V viral load compared to B19V-monoinfected tissue (P = 0.0012). The most frequent coinfecting virus was human herpes virus 6 (HHV6, 16.5%). B19V-coinfection with HHV6 showed higher B19V-loads compared to B19V-monoinfected EMBs (P = 0.0033), suggesting that HHV6 had transactivated B19V. In vitro experiments confirmed a 2.4-fold increased B19V P6-promoter activity by the HHV6 U94-transactivator.
CONCLUSION: The finding of significantly increased B19V loads in patients with histologically proven cardiac inflammation suggests a crucial role of B19V-genotypes and reactivation of B19V-infection by HHV6-coinfection in B19V-associated iCMP. Our findings suggest that B19V-infection of the human heart can be a causative event for the development of an endothelial cell-mediated inflammatory disease and that this is related to both viral load and genotype.
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23
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Sakata H, Matsubayashi K, Ihara H, Sato S, Kato T, Wakisaka A, Tadokoro K, Yu MYW, Baylis SA, Ikeda H, Takamoto S. Impact of chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay screening for human parvovirus B19 antigen in Japanese blood donors. Transfusion 2013; 53:2556-66. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2012.03949.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Revised: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Keeping pace with parvovirus B19 genetic variability: a multiplex genotype-specific quantitative PCR assay. J Clin Microbiol 2013; 51:3753-9. [PMID: 24006003 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01970-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Three genotypes have been identified within the parvovirus B19 species (B19V), and such genetic diversity may have significant implications for the development of molecular detection assays. In the present study, B19V genetic variability has been examined on a subset of genomic sequences available in the NCBI nucleotide database, and a quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay able to detect, differentiate, and quantify all viral variants has been established. The designed primers and probes have been used for the development of alternative detection formats, based on a combined use of intercalating dye and genotype-specific hydrolysis probes. The qPCR assay analytical performances have been determined on the 1st WHO International Reference Panel for Parvovirus B19 Genotypes. The developed qPCR protocols allow for the detection of genotypes 1 to 3 with equal accuracy, and with a limit of detection (LOD) of 200 IU/ml. A comparison of routine performance was carried out with respect to a previously established assay specifically validated on B19V genotype 1. For 130 clinical samples analyzed, 126 showed concordant results (31 positive and 97 negative), while 4 showed discordant results. Overall, the genotype-specific qPCR assay showed a sensitivity of 93.94% and a specificity of 97.94%, with an agreement rate of 96.92%. The proposed qPCR assay and the alternative protocols developed, each with robust performance, may allow choice with respect to operational systems and diagnostic requirements and might contribute to provide a more reliable diagnostic service and epidemiological surveillance of B19 virus.
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Abstract
Parvovirus B19 is a widespread human pathogenic virus, member of the Erythrovirus genus in the Parvoviridae family. Infection can be associated with an ample range of pathologies and clinical manifestations, whose characteristics and outcomes depend on the interplay between the pathogenetic potential of the virus, its adaptation to different cellular environments, and the physiological and immune status of the infected individuals. The scope of this review is the advances in knowledge on the biological characteristics of the virus and of virus-host relationships; in particular, the interactions of the virus with different cellular environments in terms of tropism and ability to achieve a productive replicative cycle, or, on the contrary, to establish persistence; the consequences of infection in terms of interference with the cell physiology; the process of recognition of the virus by the innate or adaptive immune system, hence the role of the immune system in controlling the infection or in the development of clinical manifestations. Linked to these issues is the continuous effort to develop better diagnostic algorithms and methods and the need for development of prophylactic and therapeutic options for B19V infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Gallinella
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, and Microbiology, S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
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Dembinski J. Diagnosis of in utero Parvovirus B19 infection and maternal immune response - the relevance of linear epitopes and advanced serologic testing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 4:139-48. [PMID: 23484447 DOI: 10.1517/17530050903452190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD Parvovirus B19 (B19V) infection in utero causing fetal anemia and non-immune hydrops fetalis (NIHF) is a potentially life-threatening event for the fetus. Postexpositional non-invasive diagnosis is based on maternal IgG/IgM response and detection of viral genome in maternal blood. Serologic testing directs prenatal follow-up. Fetal infection is confirmed by polymerase chain reaction or in situ hybridization in fetal blood and/or amniotic fluid cells. The performance of serologic tests is significant in order to direct pre- and perinatal care at rational use of resources. Timing of diagnostic procedures and knowledge of the time course of infection in pregnant, asymptomatic women are critical. IgM negative testing in the presence of prolonged viremia may complicate individual risk analysis in pregnancy. Recently, advanced IgG avidity assays and epitope-type specific assays (IgG ETS EIA) have been re-evaluated. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW Epidemiology, clinical relevance and management of B19V infection in pregnancy. A review of the current literature (November 1984 - May 2009) and evaluation of current information on performance and predictive value of molecular and VP1/VP2 antigen-based IgG tests directed at the diagnosis of materno-fetal B19V infection and detection of past immunity. New aspects of B19V-associated fetal disease other than anemia/NIHF are also covered. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN An overview of immunology and clinical relevance of B19V infection in pregnancy, of the potential value of advanced serologic testing and fields of future research. TAKE HOME MESSAGE In the absence of a commercially available vaccine, serologic tests remain important tools in individual risk analysis of pregnant women exposed to B19V. Sequential application of IgG avidity and IgG ETS EIAs may improve risk stratification and timing of invasive testing in B19V-exposed pregnancies, in particular with IgM-negativity and/or persistent DNAemia. Prospective evaluation of these test systems correlated to fetal outcome in order to reduce fetal morbidity and mortality as well as the overall burden of disease of B19V with regard to fetal malformation may be subject to future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Dembinski
- Clinic of Pediatrics, Klinikum Itzehoe, Academic Teaching Hospital of Universitätsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf UKE / Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein UKSH +49 0 4821 772 2201 ; +49 0 4821 772 2209 ;
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Knoester M, von dem Borne PA, Vossen ACTM, Kroes ACM, Claas ECJ. Human parvovirus B19 genotype 3 associated with chronic anemia after stem cell transplantation, missed by routine PCR testing. J Clin Virol 2012; 54:368-70. [PMID: 22608841 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2012.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Knoester
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Plentz A, Modrow S. Diagnosis, management and possibilities to prevent parvovirus B19 infection in pregnancy. Future Virol 2011. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl.11.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Human parvovirus B19 (B19V) infection in pregnancy can cause severe fetal anemia and nonimmune hydrops fetalis, which may be associated with spontaneous abortion and fetal death. Approximately 30–40% of women of child-bearing age are not immune to B19V infection. The risk to fetal life is particularly high if maternal infection occurs during the first 20 weeks of gestation. In this article we intend to give an overview on the molecular biology, epidemiology and management of B19V infection during pregnancy. These data will be combined with an assessment of the clinical situation of the infected fetus and the possibilities for avoiding and/or preventing B19V infection in pregnant women. Currently B19V infection is the causative agent of one of the most frequently occurring infectious complications in pregnancy that endangers fetal life, and so the necessity to develop a preventive vaccine is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelie Plentz
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universität Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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Sakata H, Matsubayashi K, Takeda H, Kishimoto S, Ihara H, Sato S, Kato T, Tadokoro K, Ikeda H. GENOTYPIC SPECIFICITY OF CHEMILUMINESCENT ENZYME IMMUNOASSAY SCREENING FOR HUMAN PARVOVIRUS B19 ANTIGEN IN BLOOD DONORS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.3925/jjtc.57.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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30
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Blümel J, Burger R, Drosten C, Gröner A, Gürtler L, Heiden M, Hildebrandt M, Jansen B, Montag-Lessing T, Offergeld R, Pauli G, Seitz R, Schlenkrich U, Schottstedt V, Strobel J, Willkommen H, von König CHW. Parvovirus B19 - Revised. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 37:339-350. [PMID: 21483465 DOI: 10.1159/000322190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2010] [Accepted: 09/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Blümel
- Arbeitskreis Blut, Untergruppe «Bewertung Blutassoziierter Krankheitserreger»
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Hens N, Kvitkovicova A, Aerts M, Hlubinka D, Beutels P. Modelling distortions in seroprevalence data using change-point fractional polynomials. STAT MODEL 2010. [DOI: 10.1177/1471082x0801000203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper shows how to model seroprevalence data using change-point fractional polynomials (FPs). The inclusion of a change point in the FP framework allows to detect distortions arising from common (often untestable) assumptions made in the estimation of the age-specific prevalence and force of infection from cross-sectional data. The method is motivated using seroprevalence data on the parvovirus B19 and the varicella zoster virus in Belgium.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Hens
- Interuniversity Institute for Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics, Hasselt University and Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - M Aerts
- Interuniversity Institute for Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics, Hasselt University and Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium
| | - D Hlubinka
- Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - P Beutels
- Center for the Evaluation of Vaccination, Antwerp University, Antwerp, Belgium
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Hedman L, Söderlund-Venermo M, Jartti T, Ruuskanen O, Hedman K. Dating of human bocavirus infection with protein-denaturing IgG-avidity assays-Secondary immune activations are ubiquitous in immunocompetent adults. J Clin Virol 2010; 48:44-8. [PMID: 20227338 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2010.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2009] [Revised: 02/01/2010] [Accepted: 02/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human bocavirus (HBoV) is a widespread human parvovirus causing acute respiratory illness in young children. The HBoV primary infections are viremic and can be diagnosed serologically. OBJECTIVES To set up HBoV-IgG-avidity enzyme immuno assays (EIAs) using as antigen recombinant VP2 virus-like particles (VLPs), for diagnosis and timing of primary infections and their distinction from secondary infections or immunoactivations by this recently found virus. STUDY DESIGN The VLPs were utilized in setting up HBoV-IgG-avidity-EIAs of two different types. Paired sera were available from 36 wheezing children with acute primary HBoV infection, single sera from 108 nonsymptomatic university students, and 84 single or follow-up sera from 38 adults with pre-existing HBoV immunity. RESULTS HBoV-IgG avidity for the VP2-VLPs was measured successfully by protein-denaturing EIAs of two types, employing low concentrations of urea (4.7M and 2.5M). The diagnostic specificities were 99.1% and 90.7%, and diagnostic sensitivities, 94.4% and 91.7%, respectively. Interestingly, of the adults followed up 44% (4/9) exhibited significant titre increases of past-immunity HBoV-IgG. CONCLUSIONS Diagnosis of HBoV primary infection can be strengthened by measurement of IgG avidity. HBoV secondary infections or anamnestic antibody responses occur ubiquitously in immunocompetent adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Hedman
- Department of Virology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, PO Box 21, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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Yu MYW, Alter HJ, Virata-Theimer MLA, Geng Y, Ma L, Schechterly CA, Colvin CA, Luban NLC. Parvovirus B19 infection transmitted by transfusion of red blood cells confirmed by molecular analysis of linked donor and recipient samples. Transfusion 2010; 50:1712-21. [PMID: 20158689 DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2010.02591.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extremely high viremic levels of parvovirus B19 (B19V) can be found in acutely infected, but asymptomatic donors. However, reports of transmission by single-donor blood components are rare. In this prospective study, paired donor-recipient samples were used to investigate the transfusion risk. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Posttransfusion plasma or blood samples from recipients were tested for B19V DNA by polymerase chain reaction, generally at 4 and 8 weeks, and for anti-B19V immunoglobulin (Ig)G by enzyme immunoassay, at 12 and 24 weeks. To rule out infection unrelated to transfusion, pretransfusion samples and linked donor's samples for each B19V DNA-positive recipient were assayed for B19V DNA and anti-B19V IgG and IgM. To confirm transmission, sequencing and phylogenetic analysis were performed. RESULTS A total of 14 of 869 (1.6%) recipients were B19V DNA positive, but only 1 of 869 (0.12%; 95% confidence interval, 0.0029%-0.6409%) was negative for B19V DNA and anti-B19V IgG before transfusion and seroconverted posttransfusion. This newly infected patient received 5 × 10(10) IU B19V DNA in one red blood cell (RBC) unit from an acutely infected anti-B19V-negative donor in addition to RBCs from three other donors that cumulatively contained 1320 IU of anti-B19V IgG. DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis showed that sequences from the linked donor and recipient were identical (Genotype 1), thus establishing transfusion transmission. CONCLUSIONS The 0.12% transmission rate documented here, although low, could nonetheless result in hundreds or thousands of infections annually in the United States based on calculated confidence limits. Although most would be asymptomatic, some could have severe clinical outcomes, especially in neonates and those with immunocompromised or hemolytic states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Ying W Yu
- Division of Hematology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, FDA, Warren Grant Magnuson Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
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Söderlund-Venermo M, Lahtinen A, Jartti T, Hedman L, Kemppainen K, Lehtinen P, Allander T, Ruuskanen O, Hedman K. Clinical assessment and improved diagnosis of bocavirus-induced wheezing in children, Finland. Emerg Infect Dis 2010; 15:1423-30. [PMID: 19788810 PMCID: PMC2819894 DOI: 10.3201/eid1509.090204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate diagnosis of respiratory infections requires serologic analysis and PCR of serum. Human bocavirus (HBoV) is a widespread respiratory virus. To improve diagnostic methods, we conducted immunoglobulin (Ig) G and IgM enzyme immunoassays with recombinant virus–like particles of HBoV as antigen. Acute-phase and follow-up serum samples from 258 wheezing children and single serum samples from 115 healthy adults in Finland were examined. Our assays had a sensitivity of 97% and a specificity of 99.5%. Of adults, 96% had immunity; none had an acute infection. Of 48 children with serologically diagnosed acute HBoV infections, 45 were viremic and 35 had virus in nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPAs). Of 39 HBoV NPA PCR–positive children co-infected with another virus, 64% had a serologically verified HBoV infection. HBoV caused illness of longer duration than rhinovirus and of equal severity to that of respiratory syncytial virus. Among children with bronchiolitis, >25% had acute HBoV infections. Accurate HBoV diagnosis requires serologic analysis or PCR of serum; PCR of NPAs alone is insufficient.
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Abstract
Parvovirus B19 is a single-stranded DNA virus which causes severe disease in immunocompromised patients and foetal loss in pregnant women. It is classified as an Erythrovirus and this genus also comprises two related viral genotypes (so-called LaLi/A6 (genotype 2) and V9 (genotype 3)) which appear to be immunologically indistinguishable from Parvovirus B19. Serological and nucleic acid test (NAT) systems to detect Parvovirus B19-mediated infection are commercially available; however, some NAT systems are genotype-specific. International standard preparations of Parvovirus B19 IgG and DNA have been produced for assay standardisation purposes, and to ensure consistency of assay manufacture and performance. Immunological assays, such as B-cell ELISpot, T-cell stimulation, and cytokine detection can also be used to confirm exposure to Parvovirus B19. Immunohistochemical techniques, employing commercially available monoclonal antibodies, are used to localise the virus in infected tissue and Parvovirus B19 viral antigen can also be detected in serum and plasma using antigen-specific ELISA. NAT systems have also been described to detect newly identified parvoviruses such as human bocavirus (HBoV), PARV4, and PARV5, although absolute confirmation of clinical diseases associated with these agents is required. This chapter describes the current status of detection systems for all the aforementioned parvoviruses, with particular emphasis on Erythrovirus detection by serological, NAT, and immunological approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Doyle
- Department of Biology, National University Ireland, Maynooth, Ireland.
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Genetic variants of human parvovirus B19 in South Africa: cocirculation of three genotypes and identification of a novel subtype of genotype 1. J Clin Microbiol 2009; 48:137-42. [PMID: 19923483 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00610-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Parvovirus B19 comprises three distinct genotypes (1, 2, and 3). The distribution of B19 genotypes has not before been examined in South Africa. Two hundred thirty-nine laboratory samples submitted to a diagnostic virology laboratory for parvovirus DNA detection were analyzed retrospectively. Of the 53 PCR-positive samples investigated, 40 (75.4%) were identified as genotype 1 by genotype-specific PCR or consensus NS1 PCR and sequencing and 3 (5.7%) as genotype 2 and 10 (18.9%) as genotype 3 by analysis of NS1 sequences. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis identified two genotype 1 sequences which were distinct from the previously described genotypes 1A and 1B. Interestingly, a genotype 2 virus was detected in the serum of an 11-year-old child, providing evidence for its recent circulation. This is the first study to demonstrate the concurrent circulation of all three genotypes of B19 in South Africa and the provisional identification of a novel subtype of genotype 1. The implications of parvovirus B19 variation are discussed.
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Impact de la diversité génétique des erythrovirus humains sur la sécurité infectieuse des médicaments dérivés du sang. Transfus Clin Biol 2009; 16:482-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2009.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2008] [Accepted: 09/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Chen Z, Guan W, Cheng F, Chen AY, Qiu J. Molecular characterization of human parvovirus B19 genotypes 2 and 3. Virology 2009; 394:276-85. [PMID: 19758675 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2009.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2009] [Revised: 07/28/2009] [Accepted: 08/26/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We have characterized the transcription profiles of parvovirus B19 (B19V) genotype-2 A6 and genotype-3 V9 variants. The A6 RNA profile differs from that of the prototype B19V in both B19V non-permissive and permissive cells, whereas the overall profile of the V9 RNA in these cells is similar to that of the prototype. A unique feature we have identified is that the genotype-2 A6 variant used only one splice acceptor to remove the first intron. We also demonstrated that the inverted terminal repeats (ITRs) of the prototype B19V support replication of the V9 genome, which produces infectious virus, but not that of the A6 genome, in B19V-permissive cells. Similar to the proapoptotic nature of the prototype B19V large non-structural protein (NS1), the A6 and V9 NS1 proteins also are potent inducers of apoptosis in B19V-permissive cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojun Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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The genome of human parvovirus b19 can replicate in nonpermissive cells with the help of adenovirus genes and produces infectious virus. J Virol 2009; 83:9541-53. [PMID: 19587029 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00702-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human parvovirus B19 (B19V) is a member of the genus Erythrovirus in the family Parvoviridae. In vitro, autonomous B19V replication is limited to human erythroid progenitor cells and in a small number of erythropoietin-dependent human megakaryoblastoid and erythroid leukemic cell lines. Here we report that the failure of B19V DNA replication in nonpermissive 293 cells can be overcome by adenovirus infection. More specifically, the replication of B19V DNA in the 293 cells and the production of infectious progeny virus were made possible by the presence of the adenovirus E2a, E4orf6, and VA RNA genes that emerged during the transfection of the pHelper plasmid. Using this replication system, we identified the terminal resolution site and the nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) binding site on the right terminal palindrome of the viral genome, which is composed of a minimal origin of replication spanning 67 nucleotides. Plasmids or DNA fragments containing an NS1 expression cassette and this minimal origin were able to replicate in both pHelper-transfected 293 cells and B19V-semipermissive UT7/Epo-S1 cells. Our results have important implications for our understanding of native B19V infection.
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Sidoti F, Fierro MT, Costa C, Ponti R, Bergallo M, Comessatti A, Fumagalli M, Novelli M, Merlino C, Cavallo R, Bernengo MG. Prevalence and significance of human parvovirus variants in skin from primary cutaneous T cell lymphomas, inflammatory dermatoses and healthy subjects. Arch Dermatol Res 2009; 301:647-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-009-0954-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2008] [Revised: 04/01/2009] [Accepted: 04/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Rinckel LA, Buno BR, Gierman TM, Lee DC. Discovery and analysis of a novel parvovirus B19 Genotype 3 isolate in the United States. Transfusion 2009; 49:1488-92. [PMID: 19389024 DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2009.02160.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parvovirus B19 (B19V) is a pathogen frequently identified in human plasma donations through the detection of nucleic acids. Three B19V genotypes have been defined based on isolates having greater than 10% divergence in overall DNA sequence. B19V Genotype 3 is a rarely occurring genotype that has been detected primarily in Ghana with sporadic reports in Brazil and France but has not been previously reported in North America. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS A polymerase chain reaction assay was developed with broad specificity for B19V detection. The performance of this assay was assessed by testing approximately 440,000 clinical samples representing more than 81,000 individual donors. Determinations of B19V titer, DNA sequence, and antibody concentrations were performed on samples of interest. RESULTS This assessment identified a series of eight plasma donations spanning 28 days from a single donor in the United States infected with B19V Genotype 3 as confirmed by DNA sequence analysis. The B19V titer of this series of donations showed virus titers that peaked at greater than 10(11) IU/mL. The virus titer decreased significantly over the next several donations coinciding with an increase in immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels. The immunoglobulin G levels also increased but lagged approximately 7 days behind the IgM levels. CONCLUSION This is the first report of a B19V Genotype 3 detected from a plasma donor located in the United States. Although our data are consistent with recent reports suggesting low incidence for this genotype, they indicate its increasing relevance among blood and plasma donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori A Rinckel
- Department of Pathogen Safety, Talecris Biotherapeutics, Raleigh Test Laboratory, 1200 New Hope Road, Raleigh, NC 27610, USA.
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Diversité génétique des Erythrovirus humains. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 57:167-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.patbio.2008.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2008] [Accepted: 02/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Corcioli F, Zakrzewska K, Rinieri A, Fanci R, Innocenti M, Civinini R, De Giorgi V, Di Lollo S, Azzi A. Tissue persistence of parvovirus B19 genotypes in asymptomatic persons. J Med Virol 2008; 80:2005-11. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.21289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Kühl U, Lassner D, Pauschinger M, Gross UM, Seeberg B, Noutsias M, Poller W, Schultheiss HP. Prevalence of erythrovirus genotypes in the myocardium of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. J Med Virol 2008; 80:1243-51. [PMID: 18461615 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.21187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Parvovirus B19 (PVB19) is a member of the human erythrovirus family detected frequently in endomyocardial biopsies from patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. Human erythroviruses cluster into three genotypes 1-3 which share a high degree of homology between major structural proteins and may cause indistinguishable infections clinically and serologically. In human cardiac tissue erythrovirus genotypes other than PVB19 have not yet been reported. Three hundred seventeen consecutive patients with symptomatic dilated cardiomyopathy (median left ventricular ejection fraction: 28.6%, range 5-45%) who underwent endomyocardial biopsy for the elucidation of the etiology, were analyzed using a new consensus PCR assay designed for the detection of the three erythrovirus genotype sequences. Endomyocardial biopsies of 151 (47.6%) patients were erythrovirus-positive. Genotype 1 specific sequences were detected in 43/151 (28.5%) of positive biopsy samples, whereas genotype 2-specific sequences so far considered rare in human disease and not yet been described in human heart tissue was identified in 108/151 (71.5%) of virus-positive endomyocardial biopsies with a preference in patients above 50 years of age. In spite of younger age, systolic left ventricular dysfunction of genotype 1-positive patients was significantly reduced as compared to genotype 2-positive patients (24.4+/-10.4% vs. 31.0+/-9.5%, P=0.0001) at the initial presentation. The data show that two genetically distinct erythrovirus variants with a different age distribution are detectable in endomyocardial biopsies of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. The erythrovirus genotype 2, not described previously in human heart tissue, is highly prevalent in the heart but the less prevalent genotype 1 is associated with more severe disturbed cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Kühl
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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Baylis SA. Standardization of nucleic acid amplification technique (NAT)-based assays for different genotypes of parvovirus B19: a meeting summary. Vox Sang 2008; 94:74-80. [PMID: 18171331 DOI: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.2007.00992.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An extraordinary meeting of the International Working Group on the Standardization of Genome Amplification Techniques for the safety testing of blood, tissues and organs for blood borne pathogens was held on 2 March 2007, at the National Institute for Biological Standards and Control. The aim of the meeting was to investigate ways to harmonize results obtained for the detection and quantification of different genotypes of parvovirus B19 (B19V) DNA by control laboratories and manufacturers of plasma derivatives. The meeting explored issues of B19V such as the classification of B19V strains, the prevalence and distribution of different genotypes, the clinical and biological significance of different genotypes, the detection of different genotypes in plasma-derived products, and their susceptibility to virus-inactivation procedures. At this meeting and through subsequent studies, high titre, high volume samples have been identified representing different genotypes of B19V, which will be evaluated by collaborative study to prepare reference panels for the purposes of assay validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Baylis
- Division of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, UK.
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Rapid sequence change and geographical spread of human parvovirus B19: comparison of B19 virus evolution in acute and persistent infections. J Virol 2008; 82:6427-33. [PMID: 18417586 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00471-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Parvovirus B19 is a common human pathogen maintained by horizontal transmission between acutely infected individuals. However, B19 virus can also be detected in tissues throughout the life of the host, although little is understood about the nature of such persistence. In the current study, we created large VP1/2 sequence data sets of plasma- and tissue (autopsy)-derived variants of B19 virus with known sample dates to compare the rates of sequence change in exogenous virus populations with those in persistently infected individuals. By using linear regression and likelihood-based methods (such as the BEAST program), we found that plasma-derived B19 virus showed a substitution rate of 4 x 10(-4) and an unconstrained (synonymous)-substitution rate of 18 x 10(-4) per site per year, several times higher than previously estimated and within the range of values for mammalian RNA viruses. The underlying high mutation frequency implied by these substitution rates may enable rapid adaptive changes that are more commonly ascribed to RNA virus populations. These revised estimates predict that the last common ancestor for currently circulating genotype 1 variants of B19 virus existed around 1956 to 1959, fitting well with previous analyses of the B19 virus "bioportfolio" that support a complete cessation of genotype 2 infections and their replacement by genotype 1 infections in the 1960s. In contrast, the evolution of B19 virus amplified from tissue samples was best modeled by using estimated dates of primary infection rather than sample dates, consistent with slow or absent sequence change during persistence. Determining what epidemiological or biological factors led to such a complete and geographically extensive population replacement over this short period is central to further understanding the nature of parvovirus evolution.
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Berting A, Modrof J, Unger U, Gessner M, Klotz A, Poelsler G, Kreil TR. Inactivation of parvovirus B19 during STIM-4 vapor heat treatment of three coagulation factor concentrates. Transfusion 2008; 48:1220-6. [PMID: 18410254 DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2008.01662.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To enhance the viral safety margins, nanofiltration has been widely integrated into the manufacturing process of plasma-derived medicinal products. Removal of smaller agents such as parvovirus B19 (B19V) by filtration, however, is typically less efficient. Because recent investigations have demonstrated that B19V may be more heat sensitive than animal parvoviruses, the potential B19V inactivation by a proprietary vapor heating procedure (STIM-4) as incorporated into the manufacturing processes of several nanofiltered coagulation factor concentrates was investigated. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS An infectivity assay based on quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (TaqMan, Applied Biosystems) detection of B19V mRNA after inoculation of a permissive cell line (UT7 Epo S1 cells) was used to investigate the virus inactivation capacity of the STIM-4 vapor heat treatment as used during the manufacture of nanofiltered second-generation Factor VIII inhibitor-bypassing activity (FEIBA), F IX complex, and FVII products. RESULTS In contrast to animal parvoviruses, both B19V genotypes investigated, that is, 1 and 2, were shown to be surprisingly effectively inactivated by the STIM-4 vapor heat treatment process, with mean log reduction factors of 3.5 to 4.8, irrespective of the product intermediate tested. CONCLUSION The newly demonstrated effective inactivation of B19V by vapor heating, in contrast to the earlier used animal parvoviruses, results in significant B19V safety margins for STIM-4-treated coagulation factor concentrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Berting
- Global Pathogen Safety and Molecular Biology, Baxter BioScience, Vienna, Austria
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Waldman M, Kopp JB. Parvovirus-B19-associated complications in renal transplant recipients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 3:540-50. [PMID: 17895931 DOI: 10.1038/ncpneph0609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2007] [Accepted: 06/19/2007] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Parvovirus B19 is a common human pathogen, causing erythema infectiosum in children, hydrops fetalis in pregnant women, and transient aplastic crisis in patients with chronic hemolytic anemia. Immunosuppressed patients can fail to mount an effective immune response to B19, resulting in prolonged or persistent viremia. Renal transplant recipients can develop symptomatic B19 infections as a result of primary infection acquired via the usual respiratory route or via the transplanted organ, or because of reactivation of latent or persistent viral infection. The most common manifestations of B19 infection in immunosuppressed patients are pure red cell aplasia and other cytopenias. Thus, this diagnosis should be considered in transplant recipients with unexplained anemia and reticulocytopenia or pancytopenia. Collapsing glomerulopathy and thrombotic microangiopathy have been reported in association with B19 infection in renal transplant recipients, but a causal relationship has not been definitively established. Prompt diagnosis of B19 infection in the renal transplant recipient requires a high index of suspicion and careful selection of diagnostic tests, which include serologies and polymerase chain reaction. Most patients benefit from intravenous immunoglobulin therapy and/or alteration or reduction of immunosuppressive therapy. Conservative therapy might be sufficient in some cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryl Waldman
- Kidney Disease Section, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20814-9692, USA.
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