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Xiang K, Li Y, Cong H, Yu B, Shen Y. Peptide-based non-viral gene delivery: A comprehensive review of the advances and challenges. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:131194. [PMID: 38554914 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Gene therapy is the most effective treatment option for diseases, but its effectiveness is affected by the choice and design of gene carriers. The genes themselves have to pass through multiple barriers in order to enter the cell and therefore require additional vectors to carry them inside the cell. In gene therapy, peptides have unique properties and potential as gene carriers, which can effectively deliver genes into specific cells or tissues, protect genes from degradation, improve gene transfection efficiency, and enhance gene targeting and biological responsiveness. This paper reviews the research progress of peptides and their derivatives in the field of gene delivery recently, describes the obstacles encountered by foreign materials to enter the interior of the cell, and introduces the following classes of functional peptides that can carry materials into the interior of the cell, and assist in transmembrane translocation of carriers, thus breaking through endosomal traps to enable successful entry of genetic materials into the nucleus of the cell. The paper also discusses the combined application of peptide vectors with other vectors to enhance its transfection ability, explores current challenges encountered by peptide vectors, and looks forward to future developments in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Xiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yanan Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Hailin Cong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China.
| | - Bing Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Youqing Shen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Center for Bio nanoengineering, and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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2
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Liao Z, Wang C, Tang X, Yang M, Duan Z, Liu L, Lu S, Ma L, Cheng R, Wang G, Liu H, Yang S, Xu J, Tadese DA, Mwangi J, Kamau PM, Zhang Z, Yang L, Liao G, Zhao X, Peng X, Lai R. Human transferrin receptor can mediate SARS-CoV-2 infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2317026121. [PMID: 38408250 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2317026121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has been detected in almost all organs of coronavirus disease-19 patients, although some organs do not express angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2), a known receptor of SARS-CoV-2, implying the presence of alternative receptors and/or co-receptors. Here, we show that the ubiquitously distributed human transferrin receptor (TfR), which binds to diferric transferrin to traffic between membrane and endosome for the iron delivery cycle, can ACE2-independently mediate SARS-CoV-2 infection. Human, not mouse TfR, interacts with Spike protein with a high affinity (KD ~2.95 nM) to mediate SARS-CoV-2 endocytosis. TfR knock-down (TfR-deficiency is lethal) and overexpression inhibit and promote SARS-CoV-2 infection, respectively. Humanized TfR expression enables SARS-CoV-2 infection in baby hamster kidney cells and C57 mice, which are known to be insusceptible to the virus infection. Soluble TfR, Tf, designed peptides blocking TfR-Spike interaction and anti-TfR antibody show significant anti-COVID-19 effects in cell and monkey models. Collectively, this report indicates that TfR is a receptor/co-receptor of SARS-CoV-2 mediating SARS-CoV-2 entry and infectivity by likely using the TfR trafficking pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyi Liao
- Engineering Laboratory of Peptides of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology-Chinese University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), and Sino-African Joint Research Center, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Kunming Institute of Zoology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chaoming Wang
- Engineering Laboratory of Peptides of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology-Chinese University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), and Sino-African Joint Research Center, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Kunming Institute of Zoology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaopeng Tang
- Engineering Laboratory of Peptides of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology-Chinese University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), and Sino-African Joint Research Center, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Kunming Institute of Zoology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Mengli Yang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Zilei Duan
- Engineering Laboratory of Peptides of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology-Chinese University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), and Sino-African Joint Research Center, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Kunming Institute of Zoology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shuaiyao Lu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Lei Ma
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Ruomei Cheng
- Engineering Laboratory of Peptides of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology-Chinese University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), and Sino-African Joint Research Center, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Kunming Institute of Zoology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Gan Wang
- Engineering Laboratory of Peptides of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology-Chinese University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), and Sino-African Joint Research Center, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Kunming Institute of Zoology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Hongqi Liu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Engineering Laboratory of Peptides of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology-Chinese University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), and Sino-African Joint Research Center, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Kunming Institute of Zoology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jingwen Xu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Dawit Adisu Tadese
- Engineering Laboratory of Peptides of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology-Chinese University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), and Sino-African Joint Research Center, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Kunming Institute of Zoology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - James Mwangi
- Engineering Laboratory of Peptides of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology-Chinese University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), and Sino-African Joint Research Center, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Kunming Institute of Zoology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peter Muiruri Kamau
- Engineering Laboratory of Peptides of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology-Chinese University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), and Sino-African Joint Research Center, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Kunming Institute of Zoology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhiye Zhang
- Engineering Laboratory of Peptides of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology-Chinese University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), and Sino-African Joint Research Center, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Kunming Institute of Zoology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Lian Yang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
| | - Guoyang Liao
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Xudong Zhao
- Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaozhong Peng
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Ren Lai
- Engineering Laboratory of Peptides of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology-Chinese University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), and Sino-African Joint Research Center, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Kunming Institute of Zoology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
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3
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Liu Y, Lu X, Chen M, Wei Z, Peng G, Yang J, Tang C, Yu P. Advances in screening, synthesis, modification, and biomedical applications of peptides and peptide aptamers. Biofactors 2024; 50:33-57. [PMID: 37646383 DOI: 10.1002/biof.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Peptides and peptide aptamers have emerged as promising molecules for a wide range of biomedical applications due to their unique properties and versatile functionalities. The screening strategies for identifying peptides and peptide aptamers with desired properties are discussed, including high-throughput screening, display screening technology, and in silico design approaches. The synthesis methods for the efficient production of peptides and peptide aptamers, such as solid-phase peptide synthesis and biosynthesis technology, are described, along with their advantages and limitations. Moreover, various modification techniques are explored to enhance the stability, specificity, and pharmacokinetic properties of peptides and peptide aptamers. This includes chemical modifications, enzymatic modifications, biomodifications, genetic engineering modifications, and physical modifications. Furthermore, the review highlights the diverse biomedical applications of peptides and peptide aptamers, including targeted drug delivery, diagnostics, and therapeutic. This review provides valuable insights into the advancements in screening, synthesis, modification, and biomedical applications of peptides and peptide aptamers. A comprehensive understanding of these aspects will aid researchers in the development of novel peptide-based therapeutics and diagnostic tools for various biomedical challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Liu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoling Lu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Meilun Chen
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zheng Wei
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guangnan Peng
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chunhua Tang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Peng Yu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
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4
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Nhàn NTT, Yamada T, Yamada KH. Peptide-Based Agents for Cancer Treatment: Current Applications and Future Directions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12931. [PMID: 37629112 PMCID: PMC10454368 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptide-based strategies have received an enormous amount of attention because of their specificity and applicability. Their specificity and tumor-targeting ability are applied to diagnosis and treatment for cancer patients. In this review, we will summarize recent advancements and future perspectives on peptide-based strategies for cancer treatment. The literature search was conducted to identify relevant articles for peptide-based strategies for cancer treatment. It was performed using PubMed for articles in English until June 2023. Information on clinical trials was also obtained from ClinicalTrial.gov. Given that peptide-based strategies have several advantages such as targeted delivery to the diseased area, personalized designs, relatively small sizes, and simple production process, bioactive peptides having anti-cancer activities (anti-cancer peptides or ACPs) have been tested in pre-clinical settings and clinical trials. The capability of peptides for tumor targeting is essentially useful for peptide-drug conjugates (PDCs), diagnosis, and image-guided surgery. Immunomodulation with peptide vaccines has been extensively tested in clinical trials. Despite such advantages, FDA-approved peptide agents for solid cancer are still limited. This review will provide a detailed overview of current approaches, design strategies, routes of administration, and new technological advancements. We will highlight the success and limitations of peptide-based therapies for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyễn Thị Thanh Nhàn
- Department of Pharmacology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Tohru Yamada
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
- Richard & Loan Hill Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois College of Engineering, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Kaori H. Yamada
- Department of Pharmacology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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5
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Li J, Zhang Z, Zhang B, Yan X, Fan K. Transferrin receptor 1 targeted nanomedicine for brain tumor therapy. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:3394-3413. [PMID: 36847174 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm02152h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Achieving effective drug delivery to traverse the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and target tumor cells remains the greatest challenge for brain tumor therapy. Importantly, the overexpressed membrane receptors on the brain endothelial cells, especially transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1), which mediate their ligands/antibodies to overcome the BBB by transcytosis, have been emerging as promising targets for brain tumor therapy. By employing ligands (e.g., transferrin, H-ferritin), antibodies or targeting peptides of TfR1 or aptamers, various functional nano-formulations have been developed in the last decade. These agents showed great potential for the treatment of brain diseases due to their ideal size, high loading capacity, controlled drug release and suitable pharmacokinetics. Herein, we summarize the latest advances on TfR1-targeted nanomedicine for brain tumor therapy. Moreover, we also discuss the strategies of improving stability, targeting ability and accumulation of nano-formulations in brain tumors for better outcomes. In this review, we hope to provide inspiration for the rational design of TfR1-targeted nanomedicine against brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianru Li
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China.
| | - Zixia Zhang
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China.
| | - Baoli Zhang
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China.
| | - Xiyun Yan
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China. .,Nanozyme Medical Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Kelong Fan
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China. .,Nanozyme Medical Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
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6
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Akanchise T, Angelova A. Potential of Nano-Antioxidants and Nanomedicine for Recovery from Neurological Disorders Linked to Long COVID Syndrome. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020393. [PMID: 36829952 PMCID: PMC9952277 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term neurological complications, persisting in patients who cannot fully recover several months after severe SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus infection, are referred to as neurological sequelae of the long COVID syndrome. Among the numerous clinical post-acute COVID-19 symptoms, neurological and psychiatric manifestations comprise prolonged fatigue, "brain fog", memory deficits, headache, ageusia, anosmia, myalgias, cognitive impairments, anxiety, and depression lasting several months. Considering that neurons are highly vulnerable to inflammatory and oxidative stress damages following the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), neuroinflammation and oxidative stress have been suggested to dominate the pathophysiological mechanisms of the long COVID syndrome. It is emphasized that mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress damages are crucial for the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. Importantly, antioxidant therapies have the potential to slow down and prevent disease progression. However, many antioxidant compounds display low bioavailability, instability, and transport to targeted tissues, limiting their clinical applications. Various nanocarrier types, e.g., liposomes, cubosomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, micelles, dendrimers, carbon-based nanostructures, nanoceria, and other inorganic nanoparticles, can be employed to enhance antioxidant bioavailability. Here, we highlight the potential of phytochemical antioxidants and other neuroprotective agents (curcumin, quercetin, vitamins C, E and D, melatonin, rosmarinic acid, N-acetylcysteine, and Ginkgo Biloba derivatives) in therapeutic strategies for neuroregeneration. A particular focus is given to the beneficial role of nanoparticle-mediated drug-delivery systems in addressing the challenges of antioxidants for managing and preventing neurological disorders as factors of long COVID sequelae.
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Zhang QY, Yu QL, Luan WJ, Li TF, Xiao YN, Zhang L, Li Y, Rong R, Ren CG. LWJ-M30, a conjugate of DM1 and B6, for the targeted therapy of colorectal cancer with improved therapeutic effects †. RSC Adv 2023; 13:10840-10846. [PMID: 37033427 PMCID: PMC10074231 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07758b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide as well as a significant cause of mortality. The conventional treatment could cause serious side effects and induce drug resistance, recurrence and metastasis of cancers. Hence, specific targeting of cancer cells without affecting the normal tissues is currently an urgent necessity in cancer therapy. The emerging of peptide–drug conjugates (PDC) is regarded as a promising approach to address malignant tumors. LWJ-M30, a conjugate of DM1 and B6 peptide, targeted transferrin receptors (TfRs) on the surface of the CRC cells, showing a powerful anti-cancer effect. LWJ-M30 significantly inhibited the HCT116 cells proliferation and migration in vitro. LWJ-M30 also dramatically decreased the level of polymeric tubulin, while the disruption of microtubules caused the cell cycle to be arrested in the G2/M phase. LWJ-M30 induced the HCT116 cells apoptosis both in vivo and in vitro. The results in vivo demonstrated that LWJ-M30 could inhibit the HCT116 growth without affecting the mouse body weight. Taking these results together, our data indicated that LWJ-M30 could improve the therapeutic effects of DM1 while reducing the systemic toxicity in normal tissues. LWJ-M30 targeted TfR, dramatically decreased the level of polymeric tubulin, while the disruption of microtubules meant the cell cycle was arrested in the G2/M phase and thus caused cells apoptosis.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Yan Zhang
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine & Advanced Preparations, Yantai Institute of Materia MedicaShandongChina
| | - Qing-Long Yu
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine & Advanced Preparations, Yantai Institute of Materia MedicaShandongChina
| | - Wei-Jing Luan
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine & Advanced Preparations, Yantai Institute of Materia MedicaShandongChina
| | - Tong-Fang Li
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine & Advanced Preparations, Yantai Institute of Materia MedicaShandongChina
| | - Ya-Ni Xiao
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine & Advanced Preparations, Yantai Institute of Materia MedicaShandongChina
| | - Li Zhang
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine & Advanced Preparations, Yantai Institute of Materia MedicaShandongChina
| | - Yi Li
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine & Advanced Preparations, Yantai Institute of Materia MedicaShandongChina
| | - Rong Rong
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine & Advanced Preparations, Yantai Institute of Materia MedicaShandongChina
| | - Chun-Guang Ren
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine & Advanced Preparations, Yantai Institute of Materia MedicaShandongChina
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai UniversityYantai 264005China
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8
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Parrasia S, Szabò I, Zoratti M, Biasutto L. Peptides as Pharmacological Carriers to the Brain: Promises, Shortcomings and Challenges. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:3700-3729. [PMID: 36174227 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) diseases are among the most difficult to treat, mainly because the vast majority of the drugs fail to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) or to reach the brain at concentrations adequate to exert a pharmacological activity. The obstacle posed by the BBB has led to the in-depth study of strategies allowing the brain delivery of CNS-active drugs. Among the most promising strategies is the use of peptides addressed to the BBB. Peptides are versatile molecules that can be used to decorate nanoparticles or can be conjugated to drugs, with either a stable link or as pro-drugs. They have been used to deliver to the brain both small molecules and proteins, with applications in diverse therapeutic areas such as brain cancers, neurodegenerative diseases and imaging. Peptides can be generally classified as receptor-targeted, recognizing membrane proteins expressed by the BBB microvessels (e.g., Angiopep2, CDX, and iRGD), "cell-penetrating peptides" (CPPs; e.g. TAT47-57, SynB1/3, and Penetratin), undergoing transcytosis through unspecific mechanisms, or those exploiting a mixed approach. The advantages of peptides have been extensively pointed out, but so far few studies have focused on the potential negative aspects. Indeed, despite having a generally good safety profile, some peptide conjugates may display toxicological characteristics distinct from those of the peptide itself, causing for instance antigenicity, cardiovascular alterations or hemolysis. Other shortcomings are the often brief lifetime in vivo, caused by the presence of peptidases, the vulnerability to endosomal/lysosomal degradation, and the frequently still insufficient attainable increase of brain drug levels, which remain below the therapeutically useful concentrations. The aim of this review is to analyze not only the successful and promising aspects of the use of peptides in brain targeting but also the problems posed by this strategy for drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Parrasia
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Ildikò Szabò
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Mario Zoratti
- CNR Neuroscience Institute, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35131 Padova, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Lucia Biasutto
- CNR Neuroscience Institute, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35131 Padova, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35131 Padova, Italy
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9
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Sánchez-Navarro M, Giralt E. Peptide Shuttles for Blood–Brain Barrier Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091874. [PMID: 36145622 PMCID: PMC9505527 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood–brain barrier (BBB) limits the delivery of therapeutics to the brain but also represents the main gate for nutrient entrance. Targeting the natural transport mechanisms of the BBB offers an attractive route for brain drug delivery. Peptide shuttles are able to use these mechanisms to increase the transport of compounds that cannot cross the BBB unaided. As peptides are a group of biomolecules with unique physicochemical and structural properties, the field of peptide shuttles has substantially evolved in the last few years. In this review, we analyze the main classifications of BBB–peptide shuttles and the leading sources used to discover them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macarena Sánchez-Navarro
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina ‘‘López Neyra” (CSIC), 18016 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.S.-N.); (E.G.)
| | - Ernest Giralt
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.S.-N.); (E.G.)
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10
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Israel LL, Galstyan A, Cox A, Shatalova ES, Sun T, Rashid MH, Grodzinski Z, Chiechi A, Fuchs DT, Patil R, Koronyo-Hamaoui M, Black KL, Ljubimova JY, Holler E. Signature Effects of Vector-Guided Systemic Nano Bioconjugate Delivery Across Blood-Brain Barrier of Normal, Alzheimer's, and Tumor Mouse Models. ACS NANO 2022; 16:11815-11832. [PMID: 35961653 PMCID: PMC9413444 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c10034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The ability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is critical for targeted therapy of the central nerve system (CNS). Six peptide vectors were covalently attached to a 50 kDa poly(β-l-malic acid)-trileucine polymer forming P/LLL(40%)/vector conjugates. The vectors were Angiopep-2 (AP2), B6, Miniap-4 (M4), and d-configurated peptides D1, D3, and ACI-89, with specificity for transcytosis receptors low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP-1), transferrin receptor (TfR), bee venom-derived ion channel, and Aβ/LRP-1 related transcytosis complex, respectively. The BBB-permeation efficacies were substantially increased ("boosted") in vector conjugates of P/LLL(40%). We have found that the copolymer group binds at the endothelial membrane and, by an allosterically membrane rearrangement, exposes the sites for vector-receptor complex formation. The specificity of vectors is indicated by competition experiments with nonconjugated vectors. P/LLL(40%) does not function as an inhibitor, suggesting that the copolymer binding site is eliminated after binding of the vector-nanoconjugate. The two-step mechanism, binding to endothelial membrane and allosteric exposure of transcytosis receptors, is supposed to be an integral feature of nanoconjugate-transcytosis pathways. In vivo brain delivery signatures of the nanoconjugates were recapitulated in mouse brains of normal, tumor (glioblastoma), and Alzheimer's disease (AD) models. BBB permeation of the tumor was most efficient, followed by normal and then AD-like brain. In tumor-bearing and normal brains, AP2 was the top performing vector; however, in AD models, D3 and D1 peptides were superior ones. The TfR vector B6 was equally efficient in normal and AD-model brains. Cross-permeation efficacies are manifested through modulated vector coligation and dosage escalation such as supra-linear dose dependence and crossover transcytosis activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liron L. Israel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States
| | - Anna Galstyan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States
| | - Alysia Cox
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States
| | - Ekaterina S. Shatalova
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States
| | - Mohammad-Harun Rashid
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States
| | - Zachary Grodzinski
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States
| | - Antonella Chiechi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States
| | - Dieu-Trang Fuchs
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States
| | - Rameshwar Patil
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States
| | - Maya Koronyo-Hamaoui
- Department of Neurosurgery and Department of Biomedical Sciences,
Division of Applied Cell Biology and Physiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los
Angeles, California 90048, United States
| | - Keith L. Black
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States
| | - Julia Y. Ljubimova
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation
(TIBI), 1018 Westwood
Boulevard, Los Angeles, California 90024, United States
| | - Eggehard Holler
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation
(TIBI), 1018 Westwood
Boulevard, Los Angeles, California 90024, United States
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11
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Mojarad-Jabali S, Mahdinloo S, Farshbaf M, Sarfraz M, Fatahi Y, Atyabi F, Valizadeh H. Transferrin receptor-mediated liposomal drug delivery: recent trends in targeted therapy of cancer. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2022; 19:685-705. [PMID: 35698794 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2022.2083106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Compared to normal cells, malignant cancer cells require more iron for their growth and rapid proliferation, which can be supplied by a high expression level of transferrin receptor (TfR). It is well known that the expression of TfR on the tumor cells is considerably higher than that of normal cells, which makes TfR an attractive target in cancer therapy. AREAS COVERED In this review, the primary focus is on the role of TfR as a valuable tool for cancer-targeted drug delivery, followed by the full coverage of available TfR ligands and their conjugation chemistry to the surface of liposomes. Finally, the most recent studies investigating the potential of TfR-targeted liposomes as promising drug delivery vehicles to different cancer cells are highlighted with emphasis on their improvement possibilities to become a part of future cancer medicines. EXPERT OPINION Liposomes as a valuable class of nanocarriers have gained much attention toward cancer therapy. From all the studies that have exploited the therapeutic and diagnostic potential of TfR on cancer cells, it can be realized that the systematic assessment of TfR ligands applied for liposomal targeted delivery has yet to be entirely accomplished.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solmaz Mojarad-Jabali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student research committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Somayeh Mahdinloo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student research committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Masoud Farshbaf
- Student research committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Muhammad Sarfraz
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yousef Fatahi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Atyabi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadi Valizadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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12
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Vetter VC, Wagner E. Targeting nucleic acid-based therapeutics to tumors: Challenges and strategies for polyplexes. J Control Release 2022; 346:110-135. [PMID: 35436520 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The current medical reality of cancer gene therapy is reflected by more than ten approved products on the global market, including oncolytic and other viral vectors and CAR T-cells as ex vivo gene-modified cell therapeutics. The development of synthetic antitumoral nucleic acid therapeutics has been proceeding at a lower but steady pace, fueled by a plethora of alternative nucleic acid platforms (from various antisense oligonucleotides, siRNA, microRNA, lncRNA, sgRNA, to larger mRNA and DNA) and several classes of physical and chemical delivery technologies. This review summarizes the challenges and strategies for tumor-targeted nucleic acid delivery. Focusing primarily on polyplexes (polycation complexes) as nanocarriers, delivery options across multiple barriers into tumor cells are illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria C Vetter
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Center for System-based Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Ernst Wagner
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Center for System-based Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich 81377, Germany; Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich 81377, Germany.
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13
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Nance E, Pun SH, Saigal R, Sellers DL. Drug delivery to the central nervous system. NATURE REVIEWS. MATERIALS 2022; 7:314-331. [PMID: 38464996 PMCID: PMC10923597 DOI: 10.1038/s41578-021-00394-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Despite the rising global incidence of central nervous system (CNS) disorders, CNS drug development remains challenging, with high costs, long pathways to clinical use and high failure rates. The CNS is highly protected by physiological barriers, in particular, the blood-brain barrier and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier, which limit access of most drugs. Biomaterials can be designed to bypass or traverse these barriers, enabling the controlled delivery of drugs into the CNS. In this Review, we first examine the effects of normal and diseased CNS physiology on drug delivery to the brain and spinal cord. We then discuss CNS drug delivery designs and materials that are administered systemically, directly to the CNS, intranasally or peripherally through intramuscular injections. Finally, we highlight important challenges and opportunities for materials design for drug delivery to the CNS and the anticipated clinical impact of CNS drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Nance
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- These authors contributed equally: Elizabeth Nance, Suzie H. Pun, Rajiv Saigal, Drew L. Sellers
| | - Suzie H. Pun
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- These authors contributed equally: Elizabeth Nance, Suzie H. Pun, Rajiv Saigal, Drew L. Sellers
| | - Rajiv Saigal
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- These authors contributed equally: Elizabeth Nance, Suzie H. Pun, Rajiv Saigal, Drew L. Sellers
| | - Drew L. Sellers
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- These authors contributed equally: Elizabeth Nance, Suzie H. Pun, Rajiv Saigal, Drew L. Sellers
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14
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Mojarad-Jabali S, Farshbaf M, Hemmati S, Sarfraz M, Motasadizadeh H, Shahbazi Mojarrad J, Atyabi F, Zakeri-Milani P, Valizadeh H. Comparison of three synthetic transferrin mimetic small peptides to promote the blood-brain barrier penetration of vincristine liposomes for improved glioma targeted therapy. Int J Pharm 2021; 613:121395. [PMID: 34933080 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The existence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) makes the clinical chemotherapy of glioma a formidable challenge, because it hinders the passage of different chemotherapeutics into the brain and reduces the overall therapeutic efficiency. Therefore, it is necessary to design a drug delivery system in way that would favor the transportation of anti-cancer agents across the BBB and increase their selective accumulation within the tumor cells without affecting the normal tissues. Transferrin receptor (TfR) that shows an elevated level of expression on the BBB and glioma cells emerges as a promising tool for brain targeted delivery and glioma therapy. However, only a limited number of studies have comparatively evaluated the functionally of TfR targeting ligands. Herein, a series of liposomal formulations modified with the most well-known TfR targeting peptides including T12 (also known as THR), B6, and T7 was developed and their brain targeting capability and selective glioma accumulation was comparatively evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Among all TfR targeting or non-targeting groups, T7-modified liposomes (T7-LS) showed the highest BBB penetration capacity and brain distribution and displayed an enhanced accumulation in glioma cells. When loaded with vincristine (VCR), as a model chemotherapeutic, T7-LS/VCR could achieve the best anti-glioma outcome by means of targeted cytotoxicity and apoptosis in vitro. The obtained results suggested T7-LS as a potential platform for effective brain targeted delivery and glioma therapy in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solmaz Mojarad-Jabali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Masoud Farshbaf
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Salar Hemmati
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Muhammad Sarfraz
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain 64141, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hamidreza Motasadizadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Atyabi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Zakeri-Milani
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hadi Valizadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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15
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Small-Sized Co-Polymers for Targeted Delivery of Multiple Imaging and Therapeutic Agents. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11112996. [PMID: 34835760 PMCID: PMC8625475 DOI: 10.3390/nano11112996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Research has increasingly focused on the delivery of high, often excessive amounts of drugs, neglecting negative aspects of the carrier's physical preconditions and biocompatibility. Among them, little attention has been paid to "small but beautiful" design of vehicle and multiple cargo to achieve effortless targeted delivery into deep tissue. The design of small biopolymers for deep tissue targeted delivery of multiple imaging agents and therapeutics (mini-nano carriers) emphasizes linear flexible polymer platforms with a hydrodynamic diameter of 4 nm to 10 nm, geometrically favoring dynamic juxtaposition of ligands to host receptors, and economic drug content. Platforms of biodegradable, non-toxic poly(β-l-malic acid) of this size carrying multiple chemically bound, optionally nature-derived or synthetic affinity peptides and drugs for a variety of purposes are described in this review with specific examples. The size, shape, and multiple attachments to membrane sites accelerate vascular escape and fast blood clearance, as well as the increase in medical treatment and contrasts for tissue imaging. High affinity antibodies routinely considered for targeting, such as the brain through the blood-brain barrier (BBB), are replaced by moderate affinity binding peptides (vectors), which penetrate at high influxes not achievable by antibodies.
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16
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Ma W, Peng H, Liu K, Wang Y, Wang W, Qu S, Li Y, Bi L, Zhang X, Zhang L. Efficacy of Dual-Targeting Combined Anti-Tuberculosis Drug Delivery System in the Treatment of Tuberculous Meningitis. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2021; 17:2034-2042. [PMID: 34706803 DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2021.3169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is an incurable disease with high mortality. It is an extrapulmonary tuberculosis caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis which penetrated the blood-brain barrier and infected the meninges. Mycobacterium tuberculosis lurking in the body mainly reside in macrophages. Anti-tuberculous drugs usually can not target the blood-brain barrier and macrophages, the drug concentration in the lesion is low, which cannot effectively kill mycobacterium tuberculosis, making TBM difficult to treat. Targeted drug delivery systems can target drugs to specific nidus. In the study, we constructed a drug delivery system, which was a cell penetrate peptide B6 and phosphatidylserine (PS) modified polyethylene glycol (PEG) nanomaterial to target the blood-brain barrier and to target macrophages. This nanomaterial was a combined anti-tuberculosis drug delivery system encapsulating antituberculosis drugs rifampicin and pyrazinamide, designed to target macrophages in the brain and kill mycobacterium tuberculosis lurking in the macrophages. We have physically characterized the drug delivery system, and verified the bactericidal ability at cellular and animal level. Results have shown that the targeted drug delivery system had a remarkable efficacy to treat TBM in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Ma
- Key Laboratory of Ribonucleic Acid Biology and National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China
| | - Huan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Kewei Liu
- Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing 101149, P. R. China
| | - Yaguo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ribonucleic Acid Biology and National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing 101149, P. R. China
| | - Shilin Qu
- The Chest Hospital of Jingzhou City, Jingzhou, Hubei, 434100, P. R. China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Lijun Bi
- Key Laboratory of Ribonucleic Acid Biology and National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Liqun Zhang
- Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing 101149, P. R. China
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17
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Surface Functionalization of PLGA Nanoparticles to Increase Transport across the BBB for Alzheimer’s Disease. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11094305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder that accounts for about 60% of all diagnosed cases of dementia worldwide. Although there are currently several drugs marketed for its treatment, none are capable of slowing down or stopping the progression of AD. The role of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) plays a key role in the design of a successful treatment for this neurodegenerative disease. Nanosized particles have been proposed as suitable drug delivery systems to overcome BBB with the purpose of increasing bioavailability of drugs in the brain. Biodegradable poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (PLGA-NPs) have been particularly regarded as promising drug delivery systems as they can be surface-tailored with functionalized molecules for site-specific targeting. In this review, a thorough discussion about the most recent functionalization strategies based on PLGA-NPs for AD and their mechanisms of action is provided, together with a description of AD pathogenesis and the role of the BBB in brain targeting.
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18
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Tummillo KM, Hazlett KR. Co-Opting Host Receptors for Targeted Delivery of Bioconjugates-From Drugs to Bugs. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26051479. [PMID: 33803208 PMCID: PMC7963163 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioconjugation has allowed scientists to combine multiple functional elements into one biological or biochemical unit. This assembly can result in the production of constructs that are targeted to a specific site or cell type in order to enhance the response to, or activity of, the conjugated moiety. In the case of cancer treatments, selectively targeting chemotherapies to the cells of interest limit harmful side effects and enhance efficacy. Targeting through conjugation is also advantageous in delivering treatments to difficult-to-reach tissues, such as the brain or infections deep in the lung. Bacterial infections can be more selectively treated by conjugating antibiotics to microbe-specific entities; helping to avoid antibiotic resistance across commensal bacterial species. In the case of vaccine development, conjugation is used to enhance efficacy without compromising safety. In this work, we will review the previously mentioned areas in which bioconjugation has created new possibilities and advanced treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen M. Tummillo
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA;
- Admera Health, South Plainfield, NJ 07080, USA
| | - Karsten R.O. Hazlett
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-518-262-2338
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19
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Designing peptide nanoparticles for efficient brain delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 160:52-77. [PMID: 33031897 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The targeted delivery of therapeutic compounds to the brain is arguably the most significant open problem in drug delivery today. Nanoparticles (NPs) based on peptides and designed using the emerging principles of molecular engineering show enormous promise in overcoming many of the barriers to brain delivery faced by NPs made of more traditional materials. However, shortcomings in our understanding of peptide self-assembly and blood-brain barrier (BBB) transport mechanisms pose significant obstacles to progress in this area. In this review, we discuss recent work in engineering peptide nanocarriers for the delivery of therapeutic compounds to the brain: from synthesis, to self-assembly, to in vivo studies, as well as discussing in detail the biological hurdles that a nanoparticle must overcome to reach the brain.
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20
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Zhu J, Wang N, Li X, Zheng X, Zhao J, Xia H, Mao Q. Suppression of Progranulin Expression Leads to Formation of Intranuclear TDP-43 Inclusions In Vitro: A Cell Model of Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2020; 78:1124-1129. [PMID: 31626287 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlz102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the GRN gene coding for progranulin (PGRN) are responsible for many cases of familial frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) with TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43)-positive inclusions (FTLD-TDP). GRN mutations create null alleles resulting in decreased progranulin protein or haploinsufficiency. FTLD-TDP with GRN mutations is characterized by lentiform neuronal intranuclear inclusions that are positive for TDP-43 in affected brain regions. In this study, by stably expressed short hairpin RNA, we established a neuroblastoma cell line with decreased PGRN level. This cell line reveals TDP-43-positive intranuclear inclusions. In addition, replacement with purified PGRN protein restores normal TDP-43 nuclear distribution. This cell model can be valuable for the study of the role of PGRN in the pathogenesis in FTLD-TDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuling Zhu
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | | | - Xianan Li
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Xiaojing Zheng
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Junli Zhao
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | | | - Qinwen Mao
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
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21
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Oncolytic Adenoviruses: Strategies for Improved Targeting and Specificity. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061504. [PMID: 32526919 PMCID: PMC7352392 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a major health problem. Most of the treatments exhibit systemic toxicity, as they are not targeted or specific to cancerous cells and tumors. Adenoviruses are very promising gene delivery vectors and have immense potential to deliver targeted therapy. Here, we review a wide range of strategies that have been tried, tested, and demonstrated to enhance the specificity of oncolytic viruses towards specific cancer cells. A combination of these strategies and other conventional therapies may be more effective than any of those strategies alone.
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22
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Helms HCC, Kristensen M, Saaby L, Fricker G, Brodin B. Drug Delivery Strategies to Overcome the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB). Handb Exp Pharmacol 2020; 273:151-183. [PMID: 33367937 DOI: 10.1007/164_2020_403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The brain capillary endothelium serves both as an exchange site for gases and solutes between blood and brain and as a protective fence against neurotoxic compounds from the blood. While this "blood-brain barrier" (BBB) function protects the fragile environment in the brain, it also poses a tremendous challenge for the delivery of drug compounds to the brain parenchyma. Paracellular brain uptake of drug compounds is limited by the physical tightness of the endothelium, which is tightly sealed with junction complexes. Transcellular uptake of lipophilic drug compounds is limited by the activity of active efflux pumps in the luminal membrane. As a result, the majority of registered CNS drug compounds are small lipophilic compounds which are not efflux transporter substrates. Small molecule CNS drug development therefore focuses on identifying compounds with CNS target affinity and modifies these in order to optimize lipophilicity and decrease efflux pump interactions. Since efflux pump activity is limiting drug uptake, it has been investigated whether coadministration of drug compounds with efflux pump inhibitors could increase drug uptake. While the concept works to some extent, a lot of challenges have been encountered in terms of obtaining efficient inhibition while avoiding adverse effects.Some CNS drug compounds enter the brain via nutrient transport proteins, an example is the levodopa, a prodrug of Dopamine, which crosses the BBB via the large neutral amino acid transporter LAT1. While carrier-mediated transport of drug compounds may seem attractive, the development of drugs targeting transporters is very challenging, since the compounds should have a good fit to the binding site, while still maintaining their CNS target affinity.Receptor-mediated transport of drug compounds, especially biotherapeutics, conjugated to a receptor-binding ligand has shown some promise, although the amounts transported are rather low. This also holds true for drug-conjugation to cell-penetrating peptides. Due to the low uptake of biotherapeutics, barrier-breaching approaches such as mannitol injections and focused ultrasound have been employed with some success to patient groups with no other treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mie Kristensen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lasse Saaby
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Bioneer-Farma, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gert Fricker
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Birger Brodin
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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23
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Fan S, Zheng Y, Liu X, Fang W, Chen X, Liao W, Jing X, Lei M, Tao E, Ma Q, Zhang X, Guo R, Liu J. Curcumin-loaded PLGA-PEG nanoparticles conjugated with B6 peptide for potential use in Alzheimer's disease. Drug Deliv 2019; 25:1091-1102. [PMID: 30107760 PMCID: PMC6116673 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2018.1461955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder mainly characterized by β-amyloid deposit and tau hyperphosphorylation with no curative treatments. Curcumin (Cur) has been proved to have potential use in Alzheimer's disease with its anti-amyloid, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant properties, etc. However, its hydrophobicity and low bioavailability hinder its application. In this paper, we designed a novel brain-target nanoparticle, poly(lactide-co-glycolide)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) (PLGA-PEG) conjugated with B6 peptide and was loaded with Cur (PLGA-PEG-B6/Cur) and administered it into HT22 cells and APP/PS1 Al transgenic mice. The in vitro assays including dynamic light scattering (DLS), flow cytometry (FCM), red blood cell (RBC) lysis, and thromboelastography (TEG) analysis indicated that this nanoparticle could narrow the diameter of Cur, increase its cellular uptake and possess good blood compatibility. The results from Morris water maze proved that PLGA-PEG-B6/Cur could tremendously improve the spatial learning and memory capability of APP/PS1 mice, compared with native Cur. The ex vivo assays including Bielschowsky silver staining, immunostaining, and western blotting demonstrated that PLGA-PEG-B6/Cur could reduce hippocampal β-amyloid formation and deposit and tau hyperphosphorylation. Thus, we suggested that PLGA-PEG-B6/Cur nanoparticles would be of potential and promising use for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnuo Fan
- a Department of Neurology , Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Yuqiu Zheng
- a Department of Neurology , Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Xuan Liu
- b Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes Department of Biomedical Engineering , Jinan University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Wenli Fang
- a Department of Neurology , Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- a Department of Neurology , Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China.,c Zhongshan City People's Hospital , Zhongshan City , Guangdong Province , China
| | - Wang Liao
- a Department of Neurology , Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Xiuna Jing
- a Department of Neurology , Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Ming Lei
- a Department of Neurology , Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Enxiang Tao
- a Department of Neurology , Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Qiulan Ma
- d Department of Neurology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Xingmei Zhang
- e Applied Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Clinical Neuroscience , Karolinska Institute, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital at Solna , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Rui Guo
- b Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes Department of Biomedical Engineering , Jinan University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Jun Liu
- a Department of Neurology , Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China.,f Laboratory of RNA and Major Diseases of Brain and Heart , Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China.,g Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease , Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
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24
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Israel LL, Braubach O, Galstyan A, Chiechi A, Shatalova ES, Grodzinski Z, Ding H, Black KL, Ljubimova JY, Holler E. A Combination of Tri-Leucine and Angiopep-2 Drives a Polyanionic Polymalic Acid Nanodrug Platform Across the Blood-Brain Barrier. ACS NANO 2019; 13:1253-1271. [PMID: 30633492 PMCID: PMC7641102 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b06437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
One of the major problems facing the treatment of neurological disorders is the poor delivery of therapeutic agents into the brain. Our goal is to develop a multifunctional and biodegradable nanodrug delivery system that crosses the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to access brain tissues affected by neurological disease. In this study, we synthesized a biodegradable nontoxic β-poly(l-malic acid) (PMLA or P) as a scaffold to chemically bind the BBB crossing peptides Angiopep-2 (AP2), MiniAp-4 (M4), and the transferrin receptor ligands cTfRL and B6. In addition, a trileucine endosome escape unit (LLL) and a fluorescent marker (rhodamine or rh) were attached to the PMLA backbone. The pharmacokinetics, BBB penetration, and biodistribution of nanoconjugates were studied in different brain regions and at multiple time points via optical imaging. The optimal nanoconjugate, P/LLL/AP2/rh, produced significant fluorescence in the parenchyma of cortical layers II/III, the midbrain colliculi, and the hippocampal CA1-3 cellular layers 30 min after a single intravenous injection; clearance was observed after 4 h. The nanoconjugate variant P/LLL/rh lacking AP2, or the variant P/AP2/rh lacking LLL, showed significantly less BBB penetration. The LLL moiety appeared to stabilize the nanoconjugate, while AP2 enhanced BBB penetration. Finally, nanoconjugates containing the peptides M4, cTfRL, and B6 displayed comparably little and/or inconsistent infiltration of brain parenchyma, likely due to reduced trans-BBB movement. P/LLL/AP2/rh can now be functionalized with intra-brain targeting and drug treatment moieties that are aimed at molecular pathways implicated in neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liron L. Israel
- Nanomedicine Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States
| | - Oliver Braubach
- Nanomedicine Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States
| | - Anna Galstyan
- Nanomedicine Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States
| | - Antonella Chiechi
- Nanomedicine Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States
| | - Ekaterina S. Shatalova
- Nanomedicine Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States
| | - Zachary Grodzinski
- Nanomedicine Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States
| | - Hui Ding
- Nanomedicine Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States
| | - Keith L. Black
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States
| | - Julia Y. Ljubimova
- Nanomedicine Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States
| | - Eggehard Holler
- Nanomedicine Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States
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25
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Andrieu J, Re F, Russo L, Nicotra F. Phage-displayed peptides targeting specific tissues and organs. J Drug Target 2018; 27:555-565. [DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2018.1531419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Josu Andrieu
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Re
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Russo
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Nicotra
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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26
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Stepanenko AA, Chekhonin VP. Tropism and transduction of oncolytic adenovirus 5 vectors in cancer therapy: Focus on fiber chimerism and mosaicism, hexon and pIX. Virus Res 2018; 257:40-51. [PMID: 30125593 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The cellular internalization (infection of cells) of adenovirus 5 (Ad5) is mediated by the initial attachment of the globular knob domain of the capsid fiber protein to the cell surface coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR), then followed by the interaction of the virus penton base proteins with cellular integrins. In tumors, there is a substantial intra- and intertumoral variability in CAR expression. The CAR-negative cells generally exhibit very low infectability. Since the fiber knob is a primary mediator of Ad5 binding to the cell surface, improved infectivity of Ad5-based vectors as oncolytic agents may be achieved via genetic modifications of this domain. The strategies to modify or broaden tropism and increase transduction efficiency of Ad5-based vectors include: 1) an incorporation of a targeting peptide into the fiber knob domain (the HI loop and/or C-terminus); 2) fiber knob serotype switching, or pseudotyping, by constructing chimeric fibers consisting of the knob domain derived from an alternate serotype (e.g., Ad5/3 or Ad5/35 chimeras), which binds to receptor(s) other than CAR (e.g., desmoglein 2/DSG2 and/or CD46); 3) "fiber complex mosaicism", an approach of combining serotype chimerism with peptide ligand(s) incorporation (e.g., Ad5/3-RGD); 4) "dual fiber mosaicism" by expressing two separate fibers with distinct receptor-binding capabilities on the same viral particle (e.g., Ad5-5/3 or Ad5-5/σ1); 5) fiber xenotyping by replacing the knob and shaft domains of wild-type Ad5 fiber protein with fibritin trimerization domain of T4 bacteriophage or σ1 attachment protein of reovirus. Other genetic approaches to increase the CAR-independent transduction efficiency include insertion of a targeting peptide into the hypervariable region of the capsid protein hexon or fusion to the C-terminus of pIX. Finally, we consider a yet unsolved molecular mechanism of liver targeting by Ad5-based vectors (CAR-, integrin-, fiber shaft KKTK motif-, and hepatic heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans-independent, but fiber-, hexon- and blood factor X-dependent).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksei A Stepanenko
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology, The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Kropotkinsky lane 23, 119034 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Vladimir P Chekhonin
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology, The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Kropotkinsky lane 23, 119034 Moscow, Russia; Department of Medical Nanobiotechnologies, Medico-Biological Faculty, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Ostrovitianov str. 1, 117997 Moscow, Russia.
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27
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Baker AT, Aguirre-Hernández C, Halldén G, Parker AL. Designer Oncolytic Adenovirus: Coming of Age. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E201. [PMID: 29904022 PMCID: PMC6025169 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10060201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The licensing of talimogene laherparepvec (T-Vec) represented a landmark moment for oncolytic virotherapy, since it provided unequivocal evidence for the long-touted potential of genetically modified replicating viruses as anti-cancer agents. Whilst T-Vec is promising as a locally delivered virotherapy, especially in combination with immune-checkpoint inhibitors, the quest continues for a virus capable of specific tumour cell killing via systemic administration. One candidate is oncolytic adenovirus (Ad); it’s double stranded DNA genome is easily manipulated and a wide range of strategies and technologies have been employed to empower the vector with improved pharmacokinetics and tumour targeting ability. As well characterised clinical and experimental agents, we have detailed knowledge of adenoviruses’ mechanisms of pathogenicity, supported by detailed virological studies and in vivo interactions. In this review we highlight the strides made in the engineering of bespoke adenoviral vectors to specifically infect, replicate within, and destroy tumour cells. We discuss how mutations in genes regulating adenoviral replication after cell entry can be used to restrict replication to the tumour, and summarise how detailed knowledge of viral capsid interactions enable rational modification to eliminate native tropisms, and simultaneously promote active uptake by cancerous tissues. We argue that these designer-viruses, exploiting the viruses natural mechanisms and regulated at every level of replication, represent the ideal platforms for local overexpression of therapeutic transgenes such as immunomodulatory agents. Where T-Vec has paved the way, Ad-based vectors now follow. The era of designer oncolytic virotherapies looks decidedly as though it will soon become a reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander T Baker
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
| | - Carmen Aguirre-Hernández
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
| | - Gunnel Halldén
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
| | - Alan L Parker
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
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28
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Wessling-Resnick M. Crossing the Iron Gate: Why and How Transferrin Receptors Mediate Viral Entry. Annu Rev Nutr 2018; 38:431-458. [PMID: 29852086 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-082117-051749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Because both the host and pathogen require iron, the innate immune response carefully orchestrates control over iron metabolism to limit its availability during times of infection. Nutritional iron deficiency can impair host immunity, while iron overload can cause oxidative stress to propagate harmful viral mutations. An emerging enigma is that many viruses use the primary gatekeeper of iron metabolism, the transferrin receptor, as a means to enter cells. Why and how this iron gate is a viral target for infection are the focus of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Wessling-Resnick
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA;
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29
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Zeiadeh I, Najjar A, Karaman R. Strategies for Enhancing the Permeation of CNS-Active Drugs through the Blood-Brain Barrier: A Review. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23061289. [PMID: 29843371 PMCID: PMC6100436 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The blood brain barrier (BBB) is a dynamic and functional structure which poses a vast challenge in the development of drugs acting on the central nervous system (CNS). While most substances are denied BBB crossing, selective penetration of substances mainly occurs through diffusion, carrier mediated transport, or receptor mediated transcytosis. Methods: Strategies in enhancing BBB penetration have been reviewed and summarized in accordance with their type of formulation. Highlights in monoclonal antibodies, peptide-vectors, nanoparticles, and simple prodrugs were included. Conclusion: Nanoparticles and simple prodrugs, for example, can be used for efficient BBB penetration through inhibition of efflux mechanisms, however, monoclonal antibodies are the most promising strategy in BBB penetration. Close follow-up of future development in this area should confirm our expectation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isra' Zeiadeh
- Department of Bioorganic & Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem P.O. Box 20002, Palestine.
| | - Anas Najjar
- Department of Bioorganic & Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem P.O. Box 20002, Palestine.
| | - Rafik Karaman
- Department of Bioorganic & Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem P.O. Box 20002, Palestine.
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30
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Urnauer S, Klutz K, Grünwald GK, Morys S, Schwenk N, Zach C, Gildehaus FJ, Rödl W, Ogris M, Wagner E, Spitzweg C. Systemic tumor-targeted sodium iodide symporter (NIS) gene therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma mediated by B6 peptide polyplexes. J Gene Med 2018; 19. [PMID: 28423213 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.2957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonviral polymer-based gene transfer represents an adaptable system for tumor-targeted gene therapy because various design strategies of shuttle systems, together with the mechanistic concept of active tumor targeting, lead to improved gene delivery vectors resulting in higher tumor specificity, efficacy and safety. METHODS Using the sodium iodide symporter (NIS) as a theranostic gene, nonviral gene delivery vehicles based on linear polyethylenimine (LPEI), polyethylene glycol (PEG) and coupled to the synthetic peptide B6 (LPEI-PEG-B6), which specifically binds to tumor cells, were investigated in a hepatocellular carcinoma xenograft model for tumor selectivity and transduction efficiency. RESULTS In vitro incubation of three different tumor cell lines with LPEI-PEG-B6/NIS resulted in significant increase in iodide uptake activity compared to untargeted and empty vectors. After establishment of subcutaneous HuH7 tumors, NIS-conjugated nanoparticles were injected intravenously followed by analysis of radioiodide biodistribution using 123 I-scintigraphy showing significant perchlorate-sensitive iodide accumulation in tumors of LPEI-PEG-B6/NIS-treated mice (8.0 ± 1.5% ID/g 123 I; biological half-life of 4 h). After four cycles of repetitive polyplex/131 I applications, a significant delay of tumor growth was observed, which was associated with markedly improved survival in the therapy group. CONCLUSIONS These results clearly demonstrate that systemic in vivo NIS gene transfer using nanoparticle vectors coupled to B6 tumor targeting ligand is capable of inducing tumor-specific radioiodide uptake. This promising gene therapy approach opens the exciting prospect of NIS-mediated radionuclide therapy in metastatic cancer, together with the possibility of combining several targeting ligands to enhance selective therapeutic efficacy in a broad field of cancer types with various receptor expression profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Urnauer
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Kathrin Klutz
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Geoffrey K Grünwald
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan Morys
- Department of Pharmacy, Center of Drug Research, Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Nathalie Schwenk
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Zach
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Germany
| | | | - Wolfgang Rödl
- Department of Pharmacy, Center of Drug Research, Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Manfred Ogris
- Department of Pharmacy, Center of Drug Research, Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), LMU Munich, Germany.,Division of Clinical Pharmacy and Diagnostics, University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Ernst Wagner
- Department of Pharmacy, Center of Drug Research, Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Christine Spitzweg
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Germany
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31
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Oller-Salvia B, Sánchez-Navarro M, Giralt E, Teixidó M. Blood-brain barrier shuttle peptides: an emerging paradigm for brain delivery. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 45:4690-707. [PMID: 27188322 DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00076b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Brain delivery is one of the major challenges in drug development because of the high number of patients suffering from neural diseases and the low efficiency of the treatments available. Although the blood-brain barrier (BBB) prevents most drugs from reaching their targets, molecular vectors - known as BBB shuttles - offer great promise to safely overcome this formidable obstacle. In recent years, peptide shuttles have received growing attention because of their lower cost, reduced immunogenicity, and higher chemical versatility than traditional Trojan horse antibodies and other proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamí Oller-Salvia
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Macarena Sánchez-Navarro
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Ernest Giralt
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain. and Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Meritxell Teixidó
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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32
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Urbiola K, Blanco-Fernández L, Ogris M, Rödl W, Wagner E, Tros de Ilarduya C. Novel PAMAM-PEG-Peptide Conjugates for siRNA Delivery Targeted to the Transferrin and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptors. J Pers Med 2018; 8:jpm8010004. [PMID: 29315261 PMCID: PMC5872078 DOI: 10.3390/jpm8010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The transferrin (TfR) and epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) are known to be overexpressed on the surface of a wide variety of tumor cells. Therefore, the peptides B6 (TfR specific) and GE11 (targeted to the EGFR) were linked to the PAMAM (polyamidoamine) structure via a polyethylenglycol (PEG) 2 kDa chain with the aim of improving the silencing capacity of the PAMAM-based dendriplexes. The complexes showed an excellent binding capacity to the siRNA with a maximal condensation at nitrogen/phosphate (N/P) 2. The nanoparticles formed exhibited hydrodynamic diameters below 200 nm. The zeta potential was always positive, despite the complexes containing the PEG chain in the structure showing a drop of the values due to the shielding effect. The gene silencing capacity was assayed in HeLa and LS174T cells stably transfected with the eGFPLuc cassette. The dendriplexes containing a specific anti luciferase siRNA, assayed at different N/P ratios, were able to mediate a mean decrease of the luciferase expression values of 14% for HeLa and 20% in LS174T cells, compared to an unspecific siRNA-control. (p < 0.05). In all the conditions assayed, dendriplexes resulted to be non-toxic and viability was always above 75%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koldo Urbiola
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, 31080 Pamplona, Spain; (K.U.); (L.B.-F.)
| | - Laura Blanco-Fernández
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, 31080 Pamplona, Spain; (K.U.); (L.B.-F.)
| | - Manfred Ogris
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Laboratory of MacroMolecular Cancer Therapeutics (MMCT), University of Vienna, 1010 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Wolfgang Rödl
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) 80799 Munich, Germany; (W.R.); (E.W.)
| | - Ernst Wagner
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) 80799 Munich, Germany; (W.R.); (E.W.)
| | - Conchita Tros de Ilarduya
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, 31080 Pamplona, Spain; (K.U.); (L.B.-F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-948-425600 (ext. 80-6375)
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33
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Ghosh D, Peng X, Leal J, Mohanty R. Peptides as drug delivery vehicles across biological barriers. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2018; 48:89-111. [PMID: 29963321 PMCID: PMC6023411 DOI: 10.1007/s40005-017-0374-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Peptides are small biological molecules that are attractive in drug delivery and materials engineering for applications including therapeutics, molecular building blocks and cell-targeting ligands. Peptides are small but can possess complexity and functionality as larger proteins. Due to their intrinsic properties, peptides are able to overcome the physiological and transport barriers presented by diseases. In this review, we discuss the progress of identifying and using peptides to shuttle across biological barriers and facilitate transport of drugs and drug delivery systems for improved therapy. Here, the focus of this review is on rationally designed, phage display peptides, and even endogenous peptides as carriers to penetrate biological barriers, specifically the blood-brain barrier(BBB), the gastrointestinal tract (GI), and the solid tumor microenvironment (T). We will discuss recent advances of peptides as drug carriers in these biological environments. From these findings, challenges and potential opportunities to iterate and improve peptide-based approaches will be discussed to translate their promise towards the clinic to deliver drugs for therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debadyuti Ghosh
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Ave, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Xiujuan Peng
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Ave, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Jasmim Leal
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Ave, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Rashmi Mohanty
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Ave, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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34
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Routes for Drug Translocation Across the Blood-Brain Barrier: Exploiting Peptides as Delivery Vectors. J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:2326-2334. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.04.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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35
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Solomon M, Muro S. Lysosomal enzyme replacement therapies: Historical development, clinical outcomes, and future perspectives. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 118:109-134. [PMID: 28502768 PMCID: PMC5828774 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomes and lysosomal enzymes play a central role in numerous cellular processes, including cellular nutrition, recycling, signaling, defense, and cell death. Genetic deficiencies of lysosomal components, most commonly enzymes, are known as "lysosomal storage disorders" or "lysosomal diseases" (LDs) and lead to lysosomal dysfunction. LDs broadly affect peripheral organs and the central nervous system (CNS), debilitating patients and frequently causing fatality. Among other approaches, enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) has advanced to the clinic and represents a beneficial strategy for 8 out of the 50-60 known LDs. However, despite its value, current ERT suffers from several shortcomings, including various side effects, development of "resistance", and suboptimal delivery throughout the body, particularly to the CNS, lowering the therapeutic outcome and precluding the use of this strategy for a majority of LDs. This review offers an overview of the biomedical causes of LDs, their socio-medical relevance, treatment modalities and caveats, experimental alternatives, and future treatment perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melani Solomon
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Silvia Muro
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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Díaz-Perlas C, Sánchez-Navarro M, Oller-Salvia B, Moreno M, Teixidó M, Giralt E. Phage display as a tool to discover blood-brain barrier (BBB)-shuttle peptides: panning against a human BBB cellular model. Biopolymers 2017; 108. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.22928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Díaz-Perlas
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST); Baldiri Reixac 10 Barcelona 08028 Spain
| | - Macarena Sánchez-Navarro
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST); Baldiri Reixac 10 Barcelona 08028 Spain
| | - Benjamí Oller-Salvia
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST); Baldiri Reixac 10 Barcelona 08028 Spain
| | - Miguel Moreno
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST); Baldiri Reixac 10 Barcelona 08028 Spain
| | - Meritxell Teixidó
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST); Baldiri Reixac 10 Barcelona 08028 Spain
| | - Ernest Giralt
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST); Baldiri Reixac 10 Barcelona 08028 Spain
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Barcelona; Martí i Franquès 1-11 Barcelona 08028 Spain
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37
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Zhang W, Müller K, Kessel E, Reinhard S, He D, Klein PM, Höhn M, Rödl W, Kempter S, Wagner E. Targeted siRNA Delivery Using a Lipo-Oligoaminoamide Nanocore with an Influenza Peptide and Transferrin Shell. Adv Healthc Mater 2016; 5:1493-504. [PMID: 27109317 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201600057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Developing RNA-interference-based therapeutic approaches with efficient and targeted cytosolic delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA) is remaining a critical challenge since two decades. Herein, a multifunctional transferrin receptor (TfR)-targeted siRNA delivery system (Tf&INF7) is designed based on siRNA complexes formed with the cationic lipo-oligoamino amide 454, sequentially surface-modified with polyethylene glycol-linked transferrin (Tf) for receptor targeting and the endosomolytic peptide INF7 for efficient cytosolic release of the siRNA. Effective Tf&INF7 polyplex internalization and target gene silencing are demonstrated for the TfR overexpressing tumor cell lines (K562, D145, and N2a). Treatment with antitumoral EG5 siRNA results in a block of tumor cell growth and triggered apoptosis. Tf-modified polyplexes are far more effective than the corresponding albumin- (Alb) or nonmodified 454 polyplexes. Competition experiments with excess of Tf demonstrate TfR target specificity. As alternative to the ligand Tf, an anti-murine TfR antibody is incorporated into the polyplexes for specific targeting and gene silencing in the murine N2a cell line. In vivo distribution studies not only demonstrate an enhanced tumor residence of siRNA in N2a tumor-bearing mice with the Tf&INF7 as compared to the 454 polyplex group but also a reduced siRNA nanoparticle stability limiting the in vivo performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Department of Pharmacy Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität München (LMU) Butenandtstrasse 5‐13 D‐81377 Munich Germany
| | - Katharina Müller
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Department of Pharmacy Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität München (LMU) Butenandtstrasse 5‐13 D‐81377 Munich Germany
| | - Eva Kessel
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Department of Pharmacy Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität München (LMU) Butenandtstrasse 5‐13 D‐81377 Munich Germany
- Nanosystems Initiative Munich Schellingstrasse 4 D‐80799 Munich Germany
| | - Sören Reinhard
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Department of Pharmacy Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität München (LMU) Butenandtstrasse 5‐13 D‐81377 Munich Germany
| | - Dongsheng He
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Department of Pharmacy Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität München (LMU) Butenandtstrasse 5‐13 D‐81377 Munich Germany
- Nanosystems Initiative Munich Schellingstrasse 4 D‐80799 Munich Germany
| | - Philipp M. Klein
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Department of Pharmacy Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität München (LMU) Butenandtstrasse 5‐13 D‐81377 Munich Germany
| | - Miriam Höhn
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Department of Pharmacy Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität München (LMU) Butenandtstrasse 5‐13 D‐81377 Munich Germany
| | - Wolfgang Rödl
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Department of Pharmacy Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität München (LMU) Butenandtstrasse 5‐13 D‐81377 Munich Germany
| | - Susanne Kempter
- Department of Physics Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität München Geschwister‐Scholl‐Platz 1 80539 Munich Germany
| | - Ernst Wagner
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Department of Pharmacy Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität München (LMU) Butenandtstrasse 5‐13 D‐81377 Munich Germany
- Nanosystems Initiative Munich Schellingstrasse 4 D‐80799 Munich Germany
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Broda E, Mickler FM, Lächelt U, Morys S, Wagner E, Bräuchle C. Assessing potential peptide targeting ligands by quantification of cellular adhesion of model nanoparticles under flow conditions. J Control Release 2015; 213:79-85. [PMID: 26134072 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Sophisticated drug delivery systems are coated with targeting ligands to improve the specific adhesion to surface receptors on diseased cells. In our study, we developed a method with which we assessed the potential of peptide ligands to specifically bind to receptor overexpressing target cells. Therefore, a microfluidic setup was used where the cellular adhesion of nanoparticles with ligand and of control nanoparticles was observed in parallel under the same experimental conditions. The effect of the ligand on cellular binding was quantified by counting the number of adhered nanoparticles with ligand and differently labeled control nanoparticles on single cells after incubation under flow conditions. To provide easy-to-synthesize, stable and reproducible nanoparticles which mimic the surface characteristics of drug delivery systems and meet the requirements for quantitative analysis, latex beads based on amine-modified polystyrene were used as model nanoparticles. Two short peptides were tested to serve as targeting ligand on the beads by increasing the specific binding to HuH7 cells. The c-Met binding peptide cMBP2 was used for hepatocyte growth factor receptor (c-Met) targeting and the peptide B6 for transferrin receptor (TfR) targeting. The impact of the targeting peptide on binding was investigated by comparing the beads with ligand to different internal control beads: 1) without ligand and tailored surface charge (electrostatic control) and 2) with scrambled peptide and similar surface charge, but a different amino acid sequence (specificity control). Our results demonstrate that the method is very useful to select suitable targeting ligands for specific nanoparticle binding to receptor overexpressing tumor cells. We show that the cMBP2 ligand specifically enhances nanoparticle adhesion to target cells, whereas the B6 peptide mediates binding to tumor cells mainly by nonspecific interactions. All together, we suggest that cMBP2 is a suitable choice for specific receptor targeting whereas the peptide B6 should not be considered as specific targeting moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Broda
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, D-81377 München, Germany
| | - Frauke Martina Mickler
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, D-81377 München, Germany
| | - Ulrich Lächelt
- Department of Pharmacy and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, D-81377 München, Germany
| | - Stephan Morys
- Department of Pharmacy and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, D-81377 München, Germany
| | - Ernst Wagner
- Department of Pharmacy and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, D-81377 München, Germany
| | - Christoph Bräuchle
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, D-81377 München, Germany.
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Muro S. Strategies for delivery of therapeutics into the central nervous system for treatment of lysosomal storage disorders. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2015; 2:169-86. [PMID: 24688886 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-012-0072-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) are a group of about fifty life-threatening conditions caused by genetic defects affecting lysosomal components. The underscoring molecular deficiency leads to widespread cellular dysfunction through most tissues in the body, including peripheral organs and the central nervous system (CNS). Efforts during the last few decades have rendered a remarkable advance regarding our knowledge, medical awareness, and early detection of these genetic defects, as well as development of several treatment modalities. Clinical and experimental strategies encompassing enzyme replacement, gene and cell therapies, substrate reduction, and chemical chaperones are showing considerable potential in attenuating the peripheral pathology. However, a major drawback has been encountered regarding the suboptimal impact of these approaches on the CNS pathology. Particular anatomical and biochemical constraints of this tissue pose a major obstacle to the delivery of therapeutics into the CNS. Approaches to overcome these obstacles include modalities of local administration, strategies to enhance the blood-CNS permeability, intranasal delivery, use of exosomes, and those exploiting targeting of transporters and transcytosis pathways in the endothelial lining. The later two approaches are being pursued at the time by coupling therapeutic agents to affinity moieties and drug delivery systems capable of targeting these natural transport routes. This approach is particularly promising, as using paths naturally active at this interface may render safe and effective delivery of LSD therapies into the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Muro
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA ; Fischell Dept. of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
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40
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Kos P, Lächelt U, He D, Nie Y, Gu Z, Wagner E. Dual-Targeted Polyplexes Based on Sequence-Defined Peptide-PEG-Oligoamino Amides. J Pharm Sci 2015; 104:464-75. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.24194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Abstract
![]()
RNA
interference (RNAi) is an endogenous process in which small
noncoding RNAs, including small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and microRNAs
(miRNAs), post-transcriptionally regulate gene expressions. In general,
siRNA and miRNA/miRNA mimics are similar in nature and activity except
their origin and specificity. Although both siRNAs and miRNAs have
been extensively studied as novel therapeutics for a wide range of
diseases, the large molecular weight, anionic surface charges, instability
in blood circulation, and intracellular trafficking to the RISC after
cellular uptake have hindered the translation of these RNAs from bench
to clinic. As a result, a great variety of delivery systems have been
investigated for safe and effective delivery of small noncoding RNAs.
Among these systems, peptides, especially cationic peptides, have
emerged as a promising type of carrier due to their inherent ability
to condense negatively charged RNAs, ease of synthesis, controllable
size, and tunable structure. In this review, we will focus on three
major types of cationic peptides, including poly(l-lysine)
(PLL), protamine, and cell penetrating peptides (CPP), as well as
peptide targeting ligands that have been extensively used in RNA delivery.
The delivery strategies, applications, and limitations of these cationic
peptides in siRNA/miRNA delivery will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi S Shukla
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City , Kansas City, Missouri 64108, United States
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42
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Zhang W, Chen H, Zheng X, Wang D, Ji H, Xia H, Mao Q. Targeted genome correction by a single adenoviral vector simultaneously carrying an inducible zinc finger nuclease and a donor template. J Biotechnol 2014; 188:1-6. [PMID: 25116362 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Zinc finger nuclease (ZFN) technology, which can be used to induce targeted genome correction in the presence of a DNA donor template, is becoming an attractive strategy for treating monogenic diseases. This strategy requires efficient delivery of ZFN and donor template into cells, ideally, in a single viral vector to achieve efficient genome editing and to avoid unwanted mutagenesis. In this study, we successfully produced a single adenoviral (Ad) vector with high titer that carried a ZFN expression cassette and a donor template simultaneously. We then demonstrated that this single Ad system could mediate efficient site-specific genome correction in vitro and ex vivo. The gene correction efficiency of the single Ad was significantly higher than that of the double Ad system. This novel vector will be a promising ZFN and donor delivery system for treatment of monogenic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Zhang
- Co-Innovation Center for Qinba Regions' Sustainable Development, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Hao Chen
- Co-Innovation Center for Qinba Regions' Sustainable Development, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Xiaojing Zheng
- Co-Innovation Center for Qinba Regions' Sustainable Development, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Dongyang Wang
- Co-Innovation Center for Qinba Regions' Sustainable Development, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Haiyan Ji
- Co-Innovation Center for Qinba Regions' Sustainable Development, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Haibin Xia
- Co-Innovation Center for Qinba Regions' Sustainable Development, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, Shaanxi, PR China.
| | - Qinwen Mao
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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43
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Coughlan L, Uusi-Kerttula H, Ma J, Degg BP, Parker AL, Baker AH. Retargeting adenovirus serotype 48 fiber knob domain by peptide incorporation. Hum Gene Ther 2014; 25:385-94. [PMID: 24617540 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2014.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) is a commonly used vector for gene therapy, but its efficacy is limited by high seroprevalence and off-target hepatic and splenic sequestration. In order to circumvent these limitations, the use of vectors derived from rare species adenoviruses is appealing. The opportunity to retarget rare species vectors to defined cell types through the incorporation of peptide ligands would be advantageous, particularly in targeting tumors and disseminated metastases. We used predictive structural modeling to assess the CD, DG, HI, and IJ loops of the Ad48 fiber knob and identify optimal incorporation locales for the 20-mer peptide, A20FMDV2 (A20). A20FMDV2 targets ανβ6 integrin, which is overexpressed in human carcinomas. Recombinant Ad48 fiber knob proteins Knob48, Knob48-CD-A20, Knob48-DG-A20, Knob48-HI-A20, and Knob48-IJ-A20 were engineered and purified after expression in Escherichia coli. We confirmed that Knob48, Knob48-CD-A20, and Knob48-IJ-A20 formed stable homotrimers. However, Knob48-DG-A20 and Knob-HI-A20 failed to form a trimer. All A20-modified knob proteins blocked the transduction of Ad5-EGFPA20 via ανβ6, demonstrating that the inserted A20 peptide was functional. In conclusion, we show that the CD and IJ loops of Ad48 represent suitable sites for targeting peptide incorporation. Interestingly, in vitro gene transfer mediated by the non-factor-X-binding Ad48 vector was not sensitive to immunoglobulins and complement when incubated in the presence of mouse serum, unlike Ad5. These data support the future generation of the corresponding Ad48 viral vectors, Ad48-CD-A20 and Ad48-IJ-A20, which may offer favorable characteristics for targeted delivery in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynda Coughlan
- 1 British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow , Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom
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Peptide-based technologies to alter adenoviral vector tropism: ways and means for systemic treatment of cancer. Viruses 2014; 6:1540-63. [PMID: 24699364 PMCID: PMC4014709 DOI: 10.3390/v6041540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 03/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the fundamental progress in elucidating the molecular mechanisms of human diseases and the arrival of the post-genomic era, increasing numbers of therapeutic genes and cellular targets are available for gene therapy. Meanwhile, the most important challenge is to develop gene delivery vectors with high efficiency through target cell selectivity, in particular under in situ conditions. The most widely used vector system to transduce cells is based on adenovirus (Ad). Recent endeavors in the development of selective Ad vectors that target cells or tissues of interest and spare the alteration of all others have focused on the modification of the virus broad natural tropism. A popular way of Ad targeting is achieved by directing the vector towards distinct cellular receptors. Redirecting can be accomplished by linking custom-made peptides with specific affinity to cellular surface proteins via genetic integration, chemical coupling or bridging with dual-specific adapter molecules. Ideally, targeted vectors are incapable of entering cells via their native receptors. Such altered vectors offer new opportunities to delineate functional genomics in a natural environment and may enable efficient systemic therapeutic approaches. This review provides a summary of current state-of-the-art techniques to specifically target adenovirus-based gene delivery vectors.
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45
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A targeting peptide improves adenovirus-mediated transduction of a glioblastoma cell line. Oncol Rep 2014; 31:2093-8. [PMID: 24604160 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The progress of the application of adenovirus in cancer gene therapy is hindered by the lack of expression of native adenovirus receptor on a variety of cancer types. Hence, strategies are needed to retarget the adenoviral vector to non-native cellular surface receptors. In the present study, a new peptide SWDIAWPPLKVP, capable of selectively targeting a human glioblastoma cell line A172, was identified by direct biopanning of phage-display peptide libraries. The binding activity of the phage displaying SWDIAWPPLKVP peptide in A172 was more than 10-fold higher than that of the control phage. We then inserted the selected peptide SWDIAWPPLKVP into adenoviral hexon protein, and observed that the modified Ad5 had increased infectivity in A172 cells, compared with that in control cell lines. These findings demonstrated that a peptide acquired through phage display can mediate cell-specific Ad retargeting when inserted into Ad hexon, suggesting an approach for targeting adenoviral infection to specific cancer cells.
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46
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Lächelt U, Kos P, Mickler FM, Herrmann A, Salcher EE, Rödl W, Badgujar N, Bräuchle C, Wagner E. Fine-tuning of proton sponges by precise diaminoethanes and histidines in pDNA polyplexes. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2014; 10:35-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2013.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Ramachandran PS, Keiser MS, Davidson BL. Recent advances in RNA interference therapeutics for CNS diseases. Neurotherapeutics 2013; 10:473-85. [PMID: 23589092 PMCID: PMC3701762 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-013-0183-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, RNA interference technology has shown therapeutic promise in rodent models of dominantly inherited brain diseases, including those caused by polyglutamine repeat expansions in the coding region of the affected gene. For some of these diseases, proof-of concept studies in model organisms have transitioned to safety testing in larger animal models, such as the nonhuman primate. Here, we review recent progress on RNA interference-based therapies in various model systems. We also highlight outstanding questions or concerns that have emerged as a result of an improved (and ever advancing) understanding of the technologies employed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Megan S. Keiser
- />Interdisciplinary program in Neuroscience, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA
| | - Beverly L. Davidson
- />Interdisciplinary program in Genetics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
- />Interdisciplinary program in Neuroscience, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA
- />Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
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48
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Papademetriou J, Garnacho C, Serrano D, Bhowmick T, Schuchman EH, Muro S. Comparative binding, endocytosis, and biodistribution of antibodies and antibody-coated carriers for targeted delivery of lysosomal enzymes to ICAM-1 versus transferrin receptor. J Inherit Metab Dis 2013; 36:467-77. [PMID: 22968581 PMCID: PMC3556357 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-012-9534-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Revised: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Targeting lysosomal enzymes to receptors involved in transport into and across cells holds promise to enhance peripheral and brain delivery of enzyme replacement therapies (ERTs) for lysosomal storage disorders. Receptors being explored include those associated with clathrin-mediated pathways, yet other pathways seem also viable. Well characterized examples are that of transferrin receptor (TfR) and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), involved in iron transport and leukocyte extravasation, respectively. TfR and ICAM-1 support ERT delivery via clathrin- vs. cell adhesion molecule-mediated mechanisms, displaying different valency and size restrictions. To comparatively assess this, we used antibodies vs. larger multivalent antibody-coated carriers and evaluated TfR vs. ICAM-1 binding and endocytosis in endothelial cells, as well as in vivo biodistribution and delivery of a model lysosomal enzyme required in peripheral organs and brain: acid sphingomyelinase (ASM), deficient in types A-B Niemann Pick disease. We found similar binding of antibodies to both receptors under control conditions, with enhanced binding to activated endothelium for ICAM-1, yet only anti-TfR induced endocytosis efficiently. Contrarily, antibody-coated carriers showed enhanced binding, engulfment, and endocytosis for ICAM-1. In mice, anti-TfR enhanced brain targeting over anti-ICAM, with an opposite outcome in the lungs, while carriers enhanced ICAM-1 targeting over TfR in both organs. Both targeted carriers enhanced ASM delivery to the brain and lungs vs. free ASM, with greater enhancement for anti-ICAM carriers. Therefore, targeting TfR or ICAM-1 improves lysosomal enzyme delivery. Yet, TfR targeting may be more efficient for smaller conjugates or fusion proteins, while ICAM-1 targeting seems superior for multivalent carrier formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Papademetriou
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Carmen Garnacho
- Department of Normal and Pathological Cytology and Histology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, Seville 41009, Spain
| | - Daniel Serrano
- Department of Cell Biology & Molecular Genetics and Biological Sciences Graduate Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Tridib Bhowmick
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Edward H. Schuchman
- Department of Human Genetics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Silvia Muro
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: Silvia Muro, Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, 5115 Plant Sciences Building, College Park, MD 20742-4450.
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Li X, Xia R, Zhao J, Wang D, Mao Q, Xia H. A one-step ligation system for rapid generation of armed, conditionally-replicating adenoviruses. Biotechnol Lett 2013; 35:1215-21. [PMID: 23609233 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-013-1214-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Conditionally-replicating adenoviruses (CRAd) are becoming a promising strategy for cancer therapy. However, the generation of CRAd is complicated and time-consuming, especially for armed CRAd Ad5-D24. A one-step ligation system is now reported for rapid construction of an armed CRAd Ad5-D24 carrying two foreign transgenes. The system has the following features: (1) the CRAd backbone pCRAd5-D24-BS-Lacza contains two unique restriction sites between the fiber and E4 for easy introduction of a transgene expression cassette; and (2) a bi-directional promoter in pshuttle-BS-Dual allows for the expression of two independent transgenes. As proof of principle, Ad5-D24 CRAd carrying eGFP and mCherry was generated and examined. This novel ligation system will be a versatile and efficient tool in cancer viral gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Li
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, 199 South Chang'an Road, Xi'an, 710062, People's Republic of China
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50
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Gene Silencing Mediated by siRNA-binding Fusion Proteins Is Attenuated by Double-stranded RNA-binding Domain Structure. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2012; 1:e53. [PMID: 23629028 PMCID: PMC3511671 DOI: 10.1038/mtna.2012.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeted to specific cell types is a significant challenge for the development of RNA interference-based therapeutics. Recently, PTD-DRBD, a double-stranded RNA binding domain (DRBD) fused to the TAT protein transduction domain (PTD), was shown to be effective at delivering siRNA in a non-cell type-specific manner. Here, we evaluated the potential of DRBD as a general protein platform for targeted small interfering RNA (siRNA) delivery. We found that a single DRBD was insufficient to stably complex siRNA when fused to targeting peptides other than PTD, which facilitated nonspecific nucleic acid binding. In contrast to PTD-DRBD, fusion proteins containing two DRBDs (2× DRBD) yielded specific and stable siRNA binding. These proteins could mediate the cellular uptake of siRNA in vitro, though compared with PTD-DRBD gene silencing was attenuated by endosomal entrapment. Our findings suggest that unlike a single DRBD, 2× DRBD inhibits siRNA escape into the cytoplasm and/or induces an internalization pathway distinct from that of PTD-DRBD. Collectively, these data indicate that while 2× DRBD retains siRNA-binding activity when fused to different cell surface-interacting peptides, the utility of 2× DRBD for cell-specific RNA interference is limited without further protein engineering to enhance the bioavailability of the delivered siRNAs.
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