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Park JE, Kim TS, Zeng Y, Mikolaj M, Il Ahn J, Alam MS, Monnie CM, Shi V, Zhou M, Chun TW, Maldarelli F, Narayan K, Ahn J, Ashwell JD, Strebel K, Lee KS. Centrosome amplification and aneuploidy driven by the HIV-1-induced Vpr•VprBP•Plk4 complex in CD4 + T cells. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2017. [PMID: 38443376 PMCID: PMC10914751 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46306-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 infection elevates the risk of developing various cancers, including T-cell lymphoma. Whether HIV-1-encoded proteins directly contribute to oncogenesis remains unknown. We observe that approximately 1-5% of CD4+ T cells from the blood of people living with HIV-1 exhibit over-duplicated centrioles, suggesting that centrosome amplification underlies the development of HIV-1-associated cancers by driving aneuploidy. Through affinity purification, biochemical, and cellular analyses, we discover that Vpr, an accessory protein of HIV-1, hijacks the centriole duplication machinery and induces centrosome amplification and aneuploidy. Mechanistically, Vpr forms a cooperative ternary complex with an E3 ligase subunit, VprBP, and polo-like kinase 4 (Plk4). Unexpectedly, however, the complex enhances Plk4's functionality by promoting its relocalization to the procentriole assembly and induces centrosome amplification. Loss of either Vpr's C-terminal 17 residues or VprBP acidic region, the two elements required for binding to Plk4 cryptic polo-box, abrogates Vpr's capacity to induce these events. Furthermore, HIV-1 WT, but not its Vpr mutant, induces multiple centrosomes and aneuploidy in human primary CD4+ T cells. We propose that the Vpr•VprBP•Plk4 complex serves as a molecular link that connects HIV-1 infection to oncogenesis and that inhibiting the Vpr C-terminal motif may reduce the occurrence of HIV-1-associated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Eun Park
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Tae-Sung Kim
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Yan Zeng
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Melissa Mikolaj
- Center for Molecular Microscopy, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Jong Il Ahn
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Muhammad S Alam
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Christina M Monnie
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Victoria Shi
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Ming Zhou
- Protein Characterization Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Tae-Wook Chun
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Frank Maldarelli
- HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Kedar Narayan
- Center for Molecular Microscopy, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Jinwoo Ahn
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Jonathan D Ashwell
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Klaus Strebel
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kyung S Lee
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Miranda J, Vázquez-Blomquist D, Bringas R, Fernandez-de-Cossio J, Palenzuela D, Novoa LI, Bello-Rivero I. A co-formulation of interferons alpha2b and gamma distinctively targets cell cycle in the glioblastoma-derived cell line U-87MG. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:806. [PMID: 37644431 PMCID: PMC10463508 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11330-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HeberFERON is a co-formulation of α2b and γ interferons, based on their synergism, which has shown its clinical superiority over individual interferons in basal cell carcinomas. In glioblastoma (GBM), HeberFERON has displayed promising preclinical and clinical results. This led us to design a microarray experiment aimed at identifying the molecular mechanisms involved in the distinctive effect of HeberFERON compared to the individual interferons in U-87MG model. METHODS Transcriptional expression profiling including a control (untreated) and three groups receiving α2b-interferon, γ-interferon and HeberFERON was performed using an Illumina HT-12 microarray platform. Unsupervised methods for gene and sample grouping, identification of differentially expressed genes, functional enrichment and network analysis computational biology methods were applied to identify distinctive transcription patterns of HeberFERON. Validation of most representative genes was performed by qPCR. For the cell cycle analysis of cells treated with HeberFERON for 24 h, 48 and 72 h we used flow cytometry. RESULTS The three treatments show different behavior based on the gene expression profiles. The enrichment analysis identified several mitotic cell cycle related events, in particular from prometaphase to anaphase, which are exclusively targeted by HeberFERON. The FOXM1 transcription factor network that is involved in several cell cycle phases and is highly expressed in GBMs, is significantly down regulated. Flow cytometry experiments corroborated the action of HeberFERON on the cell cycle in a dose and time dependent manner with a clear cellular arrest as of 24 h post-treatment. Despite the fact that p53 was not down-regulated, several genes involved in its regulatory activity were functionally enriched. Network analysis also revealed a strong relationship of p53 with genes targeted by HeberFERON. We propose a mechanistic model to explain this distinctive action, based on the simultaneous activation of PKR and ATF3, p53 phosphorylation changes, as well as its reduced MDM2 mediated ubiquitination and export from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. PLK1, AURKB, BIRC5 and CCNB1 genes, all regulated by FOXM1, also play central roles in this model. These and other interactions could explain a G2/M arrest and the effect of HeberFERON on the proliferation of U-87MG. CONCLUSIONS We proposed molecular mechanisms underlying the distinctive behavior of HeberFERON compared to the treatments with the individual interferons in U-87MG model, where cell cycle related events were highly relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamilet Miranda
- Bioinformatics Group, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana, Cuba.
| | - Dania Vázquez-Blomquist
- Pharmacogenomics Group, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana, Cuba.
| | - Ricardo Bringas
- Bioinformatics Group, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana, Cuba
| | | | - Daniel Palenzuela
- Pharmacogenomics Group, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana, Cuba
| | - Lidia I Novoa
- Pharmacogenomics Group, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana, Cuba
| | - Iraldo Bello-Rivero
- Clinical Assays Division, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana, Cuba
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3
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Park JE, Kim TS, Zeng Y, Monnie CM, Alam MS, Zhou M, Mikolaj M, Maldarelli F, Narayan K, Ahn J, Ashwell JD, Strebel K, Lee KS. Centrosome amplification and aneuploidy driven by the HIV-1-induced Vpr•VprBP•Plk4 complex in CD4 + T cells. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2924123. [PMID: 37645926 PMCID: PMC10462243 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2924123/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
HIV-1 infection elevates the risk of developing various cancers, including T-cell lymphoma. Whether HIV-1-encoded proteins directly contribute to oncogenesis remains unknown. We observed that approximately 1-5% of CD4+ T cells from the blood of people living with HIV-1 exhibit over-duplicated centrioles, suggesting that centrosome amplification underlies the development of HIV-1-associated cancers by driving aneuploidy. Through affinity purification, biochemical, and cell biology analyses, we discovered that Vpr, an accessory protein of HIV-1, hijacks the centriole duplication machinery and induces centrosome amplification and aneuploidy. Mechanistically, Vpr formed a cooperative ternary complex with an E3 ligase subunit, VprBP, and polo-like kinase 4 (Plk4). Unexpectedly, however, the complex enhanced Plk4's functionality by promoting its relocalization to the procentriole assembly and induced centrosome amplification. Loss of either Vpr's C-terminal 17 residues or VprBP acidic region, the two elements required for binding to Plk4 cryptic polo-box, abrogated Vpr's capacity to induce all these events. Furthermore, HIV-1 WT, but not its Vpr mutant, induced multiple centrosomes and aneuploidy in primary CD4+ T cells. We propose that the Vpr•VprBP•Plk4 complex serves as a molecular link that connects HIV-1 infection to oncogenesis and that inhibiting the Vpr C-terminal motif may reduce the occurrence of HIV-1-associated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Eun Park
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Tae-Sung Kim
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Yan Zeng
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Christina M. Monnie
- Department of Structural Biology and Pittsburgh Center for HIV Protein Interactions, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Biomedical Science Tower 3, RM 1055, 3501 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Muhammad S. Alam
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Ming Zhou
- Protein Characterization Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA
| | - Melissa Mikolaj
- Center for Molecular Microscopy, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Frank Maldarelli
- HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, NCI, NIH, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Kedar Narayan
- Center for Molecular Microscopy, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Jinwoo Ahn
- Department of Structural Biology and Pittsburgh Center for HIV Protein Interactions, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Biomedical Science Tower 3, RM 1055, 3501 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Jonathan D. Ashwell
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Klaus Strebel
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kyung S. Lee
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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HSF1 phosphorylation establishes an active chromatin state via the TRRAP-TIP60 complex and promotes tumorigenesis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4355. [PMID: 35906200 PMCID: PMC9338313 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32034-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional regulation by RNA polymerase II is associated with changes in chromatin structure. Activated and promoter-bound heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1) recruits transcriptional co-activators, including histone-modifying enzymes; however, the mechanisms underlying chromatin opening remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that HSF1 recruits the TRRAP-TIP60 acetyltransferase complex in HSP72 promoter during heat shock in a manner dependent on phosphorylation of HSF1-S419. TRIM33, a bromodomain-containing ubiquitin ligase, is then recruited to the promoter by interactions with HSF1 and a TIP60-mediated acetylation mark, and cooperates with the related factor TRIM24 for mono-ubiquitination of histone H2B on K120. These changes in histone modifications are triggered by phosphorylation of HSF1-S419 via PLK1, and stabilize the HSF1-transcription complex in HSP72 promoter. Furthermore, HSF1-S419 phosphorylation is constitutively enhanced in and promotes proliferation of melanoma cells. Our results provide mechanisms for HSF1 phosphorylation-dependent establishment of an active chromatin status, which is important for tumorigenesis. Here the authors show phosphorylation of heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) at S419 via the chromatin-bound kinase PLK1, promotes HSF1 recruitment of histone acetyltransferases and histone acetylation reader proteins TRIM33 and TRIM24, which actually also execute histone H2BK120 mono-ubiquitination at target genes. Furthermore, HSF1 phosphorylation has an impact on melanoma cell proliferation.
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5
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Yu JE, Kim S, Hwang J, Hong JT, Hwang J, Soung N, Cha‐Molstad H, Kwon YT, Kim BY, Lee KH. Phosphorylation of β-catenin Ser60 by polo-like kinase 1 drives the completion of cytokinesis. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e51503. [PMID: 34585824 PMCID: PMC8647012 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202051503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Catenin is a multifunctional protein and participates in numerous processes required for embryonic development, cell proliferation, and homeostasis through various molecular interactions and signaling pathways. To date, however, there is no direct evidence that β-catenin contributes to cytokinesis. Here, we identify a novel p-S60 epitope on β-catenin generated by Plk1 kinase activity, which can be found at the actomyosin contractile ring of early telophase cells and at the midbody of late telophase cells. Depletion of β-catenin leads to cytokinesis-defective phenotypes, which eventually result in apoptotic cell death. In addition, phosphorylation of β-catenin Ser60 by Plk1 is essential for the recruitment of Ect2 to the midbody, activation of RhoA, and interaction between β-catenin, Plk1, and Ect2. Time-lapse image analysis confirmed the importance of β-catenin phospho-Ser60 in furrow ingression and the completion of cytokinesis. Taken together, we propose that phosphorylation of β-catenin Ser60 by Plk1 in cooperation with Ect2 is essential for the completion of cytokinesis. These findings may provide fundamental knowledge for the research of cytokinesis failure-derived human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Yu
- Anticancer Agent Research CenterKorea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB)OchangChungbukKorea
- Department of Drug Discovery and DevelopmentCollege of PharmacyChungbuk National UniversityCheongjuKorea
| | - Sun‐Ok Kim
- Anticancer Agent Research CenterKorea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB)OchangChungbukKorea
| | - Jeong‐Ah Hwang
- Department of PhysiologyResearch Institute of Medical SciencesCollege of MedicineChungnam National UniversityDaejeonKorea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- Department of Drug Discovery and DevelopmentCollege of PharmacyChungbuk National UniversityCheongjuKorea
| | - Joonsung Hwang
- Anticancer Agent Research CenterKorea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB)OchangChungbukKorea
| | - Nak‐Kyun Soung
- Anticancer Agent Research CenterKorea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB)OchangChungbukKorea
| | - Hyunjoo Cha‐Molstad
- Anticancer Agent Research CenterKorea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB)OchangChungbukKorea
| | - Yong Tae Kwon
- Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center and Department of Biomedical SciencesCollege of MedicineSeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Bo Yeon Kim
- Anticancer Agent Research CenterKorea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB)OchangChungbukKorea
- Department of Biomolecular ScienceUniversity of Science and TechnologyDaejeonKorea
| | - Kyung Ho Lee
- Anticancer Agent Research CenterKorea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB)OchangChungbukKorea
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Chapagai D, Ramamoorthy G, Varghese J, Nurmemmedov E, McInnes C, Wyatt MD. Nonpeptidic, Polo-Box Domain-Targeted Inhibitors of PLK1 Block Kinase Activity, Induce Its Degradation and Target-Resistant Cells. J Med Chem 2021; 64:9916-9925. [PMID: 34210138 PMCID: PMC10451095 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PLK1, polo-like kinase 1, is a central player regulating mitosis. Inhibition of the subcellular localization and kinase activity of PLK1 through the PBD, polo-box domain, is a viable alternative to ATP-competitive inhibitors, for which the development of resistance and inhibition of related PLK family members are concerns. We describe novel nonpeptidic PBD-binding inhibitors, termed abbapolins, identified through successful application of the REPLACE strategy and demonstrate their potent antiproliferative activity in prostate tumors and other cell lines. Furthermore, abbapolins show PLK1-specific binding and inhibitory activity, as measured by a cellular thermal shift assay and an ability to block phosphorylation of TCTP, a validated target of PLK1-mediated kinase activity. Additional evidence for engagement of PLK1 was obtained through the unique observation that abbapolins induce PLK1 degradation in a manner that closely matches antiproliferative activity. Moreover, abbapolins demonstrate antiproliferative activity in cells that are dramatically resistant to ATP-competitive PLK1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danda Chapagai
- Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Gurusankar Ramamoorthy
- Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Jessy Varghese
- Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Elmar Nurmemmedov
- John Wayne Cancer Institute and Pacific Neuroscience Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, California 90404-2312, United States
| | - Campbell McInnes
- Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Michael D Wyatt
- Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
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7
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Bibi N, Hupp T, Kamal MA, Rashid S. Elucidation of PLK1 Linked Biomarkers in Oesophageal Cancer Cell Lines: A Step Towards Novel Signaling Pathways by p53 and PLK1-Linked Functions Crosstalk. Protein Pept Lett 2021; 28:340-358. [PMID: 32875973 DOI: 10.2174/0929866527999200901201837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oesophgeal adenocarcinoma (OAC) is the most frequent cause of cancer death. POLO-like kinase 1 (PLK1) is overexpressed in broad spectrum of tumors and has prognostic value in many cancers including esophageal cancer, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target. p53, the guardian of genome is the most important tumor suppressors that represses the promoter of PLK1, whereas tumor cells with inactive p53 are arrested in mitosis due to DNA damage. PLK1 expression has been linked to the elevated p53 expression and has been shown to act as a biomarker that predicts poor prognosis in OAC. OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was identification of PLK1 associated phosphorylation targets in p53 mutant and p53 normal cells to explore the downstream signaling evets. METHODS Here we develop a proof-of-concept phospho-proteomics approach to identify possible biomarkers that can be used to identify mutant p53 or wild-type p53 pathways. We treated PLK1 asynchronously followed by mass spectrometry data analysis. Protein networking and motif analysis tools were used to identify the significant clusters and potential biomarkers. RESULTS We investigated approximately 1300 potential PLK1-dependent phosphopeptides by LCMS/ MS. In total, 2216 and 1155 high confidence phosphosites were identified in CP-A (p53+) and OE33 (p53-) cell lines owing to PLK1 inhibition. Further clustering and motif assessment uncovered many significant biomarkers with known and novel link to PLK1. CONCLUSION Taken together, our study suggests that PLK1 may serve as a potential therapeutic target in human OAC. The data highlight the efficacy and specificity of small molecule PLK1 kinase inhibitors to identify novel signaling pathways in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nousheen Bibi
- Department of Bioinformatics, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Ted Hupp
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Center, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- West China School of Nursing / Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sajid Rashid
- National Center for Bioinformatics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Ciardo D, Haccard O, Narassimprakash H, Chiodelli V, Goldar A, Marheineke K. Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) is a positive regulator of DNA replication in the Xenopus in vitro system. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:1817-1832. [PMID: 32573322 PMCID: PMC7469467 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1782589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) is a cell cycle kinase essential for mitosis progression, but also important for checkpoint recovery and adaptation in response to DNA damage and replication stress. However, although Plk1 is expressed in S phase, little is known about its function during unperturbed DNA replication. Using Xenopus laevis egg extracts, mimicking early embryonic replication, we demonstrate that Plk1 is simultaneously recruited to chromatin with pre-replication proteins where it accumulates throughout S phase. Further, we found that chromatin-bound Plk1 is phosphorylated on its activating site T201, which appears to be sensitive to dephosphorylation by protein phosphatase 2A. Extracts immunodepleted of Plk1 showed a decrease in DNA replication, rescued by wild type recombinant Plk1. Inversely, modest Plk1 overexpression accelerated DNA replication. Plk1 depletion led to an increase in Chk1 phosphorylation and to a decrease in Cdk2 activity, which strongly suggests that Plk1 could inhibit the ATR/Chk1-dependent intra-S phase checkpoint during normal S phase. In addition, we observed that phosphorylated Plk1 levels are high during the rapid, early cell cycles of Xenopus development but decrease after the mid-blastula transition when the cell cycle and the replication program slow down along with more active checkpoints. These data shed new light on the role of Plk1 as a positive regulating factor for DNA replication in early, rapidly dividing embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diletta Ciardo
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Olivier Haccard
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Hemalatha Narassimprakash
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Virginie Chiodelli
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Arach Goldar
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Kathrin Marheineke
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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9
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Lee Y, Lee CE, Oh S, Kim H, Lee J, Kim SB, Kim HS. Pharmacogenomic Analysis Reveals CCNA2 as a Predictive Biomarker of Sensitivity to Polo-Like Kinase I Inhibitor in Gastric Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061418. [PMID: 32486290 PMCID: PMC7352331 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent innovations and advances in early diagnosis, the prognosis of advanced gastric cancer remains poor due to a limited number of available therapeutics. Here, we employed pharmacogenomic analysis of 37 gastric cancer cell lines and 1345 small-molecule pharmacological compounds to investigate biomarkers predictive of cytotoxicity among gastric cancer cells to the tested drugs. We discovered that expression of CCNA2, encoding cyclin A2, was commonly associated with responses to polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) inhibitors (BI-2536 and volasertib). We also found that elevated CCNA2 expression is required to confer sensitivity to PLK1 inhibitors through increased mitotic catastrophe and apoptosis. Further, we demonstrated that CCNA2 expression is elevated in KRAS mutant gastric cancer cell lines and primary tumors, resulting in an increased sensitivity to PLK1 inhibitors. Our study suggests that CCNA2 is a novel biomarker predictive of sensitivity to PLK1 inhibitors for the treatment of advanced gastric cancer, particularly cases carrying KRAS mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunji Lee
- Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (Y.L.); (S.O.); (H.K.); (J.L.)
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Chae Eun Lee
- Department of Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea;
| | - Sejin Oh
- Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (Y.L.); (S.O.); (H.K.); (J.L.)
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Hakhyun Kim
- Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (Y.L.); (S.O.); (H.K.); (J.L.)
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jooyoung Lee
- Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (Y.L.); (S.O.); (H.K.); (J.L.)
| | - Sang Bum Kim
- Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (Y.L.); (S.O.); (H.K.); (J.L.)
- Correspondence: (S.B.K.); (H.S.K.)
| | - Hyun Seok Kim
- Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (Y.L.); (S.O.); (H.K.); (J.L.)
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.B.K.); (H.S.K.)
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10
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Requirement of the Cep57-Cep63 Interaction for Proper Cep152 Recruitment and Centriole Duplication. Mol Cell Biol 2020; 40:MCB.00535-19. [PMID: 32152252 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00535-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cep57 has been characterized as a component of a pericentriolar complex containing Cep63 and Cep152. Interestingly, Cep63 and Cep152 self-assemble into a pericentriolar cylindrical architecture, and this event is critical for the orderly recruitment of Plk4, a key regulator of centriole duplication. However, the way in which Cep57 interacts with the Cep63-Cep152 complex and contributes to the structure and function of Cep63-Cep152 self-assembly remains unknown. We demonstrate that Cep57 interacts with Cep63 through N-terminal motifs and associates with Cep152 via Cep63. Three-dimensional structured illumination microscopy (3D-SIM) analyses suggested that the Cep57-Cep63-Cep152 complex is concentrically arranged around a centriole in a Cep57-in and Cep152-out manner. Cep57 mutant cells defective in Cep63 binding exhibited improper Cep63 and Cep152 localization and impaired Sas6 recruitment for procentriole assembly, proving the significance of the Cep57-Cep63 interaction. Intriguingly, Cep63 fused to a microtubule (MT)-binding domain of Cep57 functioned in concert with Cep152 to assemble around stabilized MTs in vitro Thus, Cep57 plays a key role in architecting the Cep63-Cep152 assembly around centriolar MTs and promoting centriole biogenesis. This study may offer a platform to investigate how the organization and function of the pericentriolar architecture are altered by disease-associated mutations found in the Cep57-Cep63-Cep152 complex.
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11
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Abstract
The coordinated activities of many protein kinases, acting on multiple protein substrates, ensures the error-free progression through mitosis of eukaryotic cells. Enormous research effort has thus been devoted to studying the roles and regulation of these mitotic kinases, and to the identification of their physiological substrates. Central for the timely deployment of specific protein kinases to their appropriate substrates during the cell division cycle are the many anchoring proteins, which serve critical regulatory roles. Through direct association, anchoring proteins are capable of modulating the catalytic activity and/or sub-cellular distribution of the mitotic kinases they associate with. The key roles of some anchoring proteins in cell division are well-established, whilst others are still being unearthed. Here, we review the current knowledge on anchoring proteins for some mitotic kinases, and highlight how targeting anchoring proteins for inhibition, instead of the mitotic kinases themselves, could be advantageous for disrupting the cell division cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke J Fulcher
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Gopal P Sapkota
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
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12
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Kim HM, He L, Lee S, Park C, Kim DH, Han HJ, Han J, Hwang J, Cha-Molstad H, Lee KH, Ko SK, Jang JH, Ryoo IJ, Blenis J, Lee HG, Ahn JS, Kwon YT, Soung NK, Kim BY. Inhibition of osteoclasts differentiation by CDC2-induced NFATc1 phosphorylation. Bone 2020; 131:115153. [PMID: 31730830 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.115153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Bone homeostasis is regulated by a balance of bone formation and bone resorption; dysregulation of bone homeostasis may cause bone-related diseases (e.g., osteoporosis, osteopetrosis, bone fracture). Members of the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) family of transcription factors play crucial roles in the regulation of immune system, inflammatory responses, cardiac formation, skeletal muscle development, and bone homeostasis. Of these, NFATc1 is a key transcription factor mediating osteoclast differentiation, which is regulated by phosphorylation by distinct NFAT kinases including casein kinase 1 (CK1), glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3), and dual-specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinases (DYRKs). In this study, we report that cell division control protein 2 homolog (cdc2) is a novel NFAT protein kinase that inhibits NFATc1 activation by direct phosphorylation of the NFATc1 S263 residue. Cdc2 inhibitors such as Roscovitine and BMI-1026 induce reduction of phosphorylation of NFATc1, and this process leads to the inhibition of NFATc1 translocation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, consequently increasing the nuclear pool of NFATc1. Additionally, the inhibition of cdc2-mediated NFATc1 phosphorylation causes an elevation of osteoclast differentiation or TRAP-positive staining in zebrafish scales. Our results suggest that cdc2 is a novel NFAT protein kinase that negatively regulates osteoclast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Min Kim
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Ochang, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Long He
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Ochang, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea; Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Sangku Lee
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Ochang, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanmi Park
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Ochang, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Ochang, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Jin Han
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Ochang, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Junyeol Han
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Ochang, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonsung Hwang
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Ochang, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjoo Cha-Molstad
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Ochang, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Ho Lee
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Ochang, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Kyun Ko
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Ochang, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyuk Jang
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Ochang, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Ja Ryoo
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Ochang, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - John Blenis
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Hee Gu Lee
- Immunotherapy Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seog Ahn
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Ochang, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Tae Kwon
- Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - Nak-Kyun Soung
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Ochang, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bo Yeon Kim
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Ochang, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Yim MS, Soung NK, Han EH, Min JY, Han H, Son EJ, Kim HN, Kim B, Bang JK, Ryu EK. Vitamin E-Conjugated Phosphopeptide Inhibitor of the Polo-Box Domain of Polo-Like Kinase 1. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:4867-4877. [PMID: 31663746 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) regulates cell cycle and cell proliferation, and is currently considered a potential biomarker in clinical trials for many cancers. A characteristic feature of Plks is their C-terminal polo-box domain (PBD). Pro-Leu-His-Ser-pThr (PLHS[pT])-the phosphopeptide inhibitor of the PBD of Plk1-induces apoptosis in cancer cells. However, because of the low cell membrane-penetration ability of PLHS[pT], new approaches are required to overcome these drawbacks. We therefore developed a vitamin E (VE) conjugate that is biodegradable by intracellular redox enzymes as an anticancer drug-delivery system. To ensure high efficiency of membrane penetration, we synthesized VE-S-S-PLHS[pT]KY (1) by conjugating PLHS[pT] to VE via a disulfide bond. We found that 1 penetrated cancer cell membranes, blocked cancer cell proliferation, and induced apoptosis in cancer cells through cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase. We synthesized a radiolabeled peptide (124I-1), and the radioligand was evaluated in in vivo tumor uptake using positron emission tomography. This study shows that combination conjugates are an excellent strategy for specifically targeting Plk PBD. These conjugates have a dual function, with possible uses in anticancer therapy and tumor diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Su Yim
- Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Cheongju 28119, Korea
| | - Nak Kyun Soung
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, World Class Institute, Korean Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Korea
| | - Eun Hee Han
- Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Cheongju 28119, Korea
| | - Jin-Young Min
- Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Cheongju 28119, Korea
| | - HoJin Han
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, World Class Institute, Korean Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Korea
| | - Eun-Ju Son
- Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Cheongju 28119, Korea
| | - Hak Nam Kim
- Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Cheongju 28119, Korea
| | - BoYeon Kim
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, World Class Institute, Korean Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Korea
| | - Jeong Kyu Bang
- Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Cheongju 28119, Korea
| | - Eun Kyoung Ryu
- Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Cheongju 28119, Korea
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14
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Sharma P, Mahen R, Rossmann M, Stokes JE, Hardwick B, Huggins DJ, Emery A, Kunciw DL, Hyvönen M, Spring DR, McKenzie GJ, Venkitaraman AR. A cryptic hydrophobic pocket in the polo-box domain of the polo-like kinase PLK1 regulates substrate recognition and mitotic chromosome segregation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15930. [PMID: 31685831 PMCID: PMC6828814 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50702-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The human polo-like kinase PLK1 coordinates mitotic chromosome segregation by phosphorylating multiple chromatin- and kinetochore-binding proteins. How PLK1 activity is directed to specific substrates via phosphopeptide recognition by its carboxyl-terminal polo-box domain (PBD) is poorly understood. Here, we combine molecular, structural and chemical biology to identify a determinant for PLK1 substrate recognition that is essential for proper chromosome segregation. We show that mutations ablating an evolutionarily conserved, Tyr-lined pocket in human PLK1 PBD trigger cellular anomalies in mitotic progression and timing. Tyr pocket mutations selectively impair PLK1 binding to the kinetochore phosphoprotein substrate PBIP1, but not to the centrosomal substrate NEDD1. Through a structure-guided approach, we develop a small-molecule inhibitor, Polotyrin, which occupies the Tyr pocket. Polotyrin recapitulates the mitotic defects caused by mutations in the Tyr pocket, further evidencing its essential function, and exemplifying a new approach for selective PLK1 inhibition. Thus, our findings support a model wherein substrate discrimination via the Tyr pocket in the human PLK1 PBD regulates mitotic chromosome segregation to preserve genome integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Sharma
- The Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Mahen
- The Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, United Kingdom
| | - Maxim Rossmann
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
| | - Jamie E Stokes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Bryn Hardwick
- The Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, United Kingdom
| | - David J Huggins
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Amy Emery
- The Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, United Kingdom
| | - Dominique L Kunciw
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Marko Hyvönen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
| | - David R Spring
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Grahame J McKenzie
- The Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, United Kingdom
| | - Ashok R Venkitaraman
- The Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, United Kingdom.
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15
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Park JE, Zhang L, Bang JK, Andresson T, DiMaio F, Lee KS. Phase separation of Polo-like kinase 4 by autoactivation and clustering drives centriole biogenesis. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4959. [PMID: 31672968 PMCID: PMC6823436 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12619-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Tight control of centriole duplication is critical for normal chromosome segregation and the maintenance of genomic stability. Polo-like kinase 4 (Plk4) is a key regulator of centriole biogenesis. How Plk4 dynamically promotes its symmetry-breaking relocalization and achieves its procentriole-assembly state remains unknown. Here we show that Plk4 is a unique kinase that utilizes its autophosphorylated noncatalytic cryptic polo-box (CPB) to phase separate and generate a nanoscale spherical condensate. Analyses of the crystal structure of a phospho-mimicking, condensation-proficient CPB mutant reveal that a disordered loop at the CPB PB2-tip region is critically required for Plk4 to generate condensates and induce procentriole assembly. CPB phosphorylation also promotes Plk4's dissociation from the Cep152 tether while binding to downstream STIL, thus allowing Plk4 condensate to serve as an assembling body for centriole biogenesis. This study uncovers the mechanism underlying Plk4 activation and may offer strategies for anti-Plk4 intervention against genomic instability and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Eun Park
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Liang Zhang
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jeong Kyu Bang
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute, 162 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongju, 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Thorkell Andresson
- Protein Characterization Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research and Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., 8560 Progress Drive, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Frank DiMaio
- Department of Biochemistry and Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, 1705 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Kyung S Lee
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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16
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Wilson JL, Wang L, Zhang Z, Hill NS, Polgar P. Participation of PLK1 and FOXM1 in the hyperplastic proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells in pulmonary arterial hypertension. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221728. [PMID: 31437238 PMCID: PMC6705859 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells from the pulmonary arteries (HPASMC) of subjects with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) exhibit hyperplastic growth. The PAH HPASMC display an increased sensitivity to fetal bovine serum (FBS) and undergo growth at a very low, 0.2%, FBS concentration. On the other hand, normal HPASMC (obtained from non-PAH donors) do not proliferate at low FBS (0.2%). A previous genomic study suggested that the nuclear factor, FOXM1 and the polo like kinase 1 (PLK1) are involved in promoting this hyperplastic growth of the PAH HPASMC. Here we find that limiting the action of FOXM1 or PLK1 not only restricts the hyperplastic proliferation of the PAH HPASMC but also modulates the FBS stimulated growth of normal HPASMC. The PAH HPASMC exhibit significantly elevated PLK1 and FOXM1 expression and decreased p27 (quiescence protein) levels compared to normal HPASMC. Regulation of the expression of FOXM1 and PLK1 is accompanied by the regulation of downstream expression of cell cycle components, Aurora B, cyclin B1 and cyclin D1. Expression of these cell cycle components is reversed by the knockdown of FOXM1 or PLK1 expression/activity. Furthermore, the knockdown of PLK1 expression lowers the protein level of FOXM1. On the other hand, inhibiting the action of FOXO1, a growth inhibitor, further increases the expression of FOXM1 in PAH HPASMC. Although PLK1 and FOXM1 clearly participate in PAH HPASMC hyperplasia, at this time it is not clear whether their increased activity is the primary driver of the hyperplastic behavior of the PAH HPASMC or merely a component of the pathway(s) leading to this response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie L. Wilson
- Tupper Research Institute and Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Division, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lizhen Wang
- Tupper Research Institute and Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Division, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zeyu Zhang
- Tupper Research Institute and Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Division, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Postdoctoral Research Station of Clinical Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Nicholas S. Hill
- Tupper Research Institute and Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Division, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Peter Polgar
- Tupper Research Institute and Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Division, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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17
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Molecular architecture of a cylindrical self-assembly at human centrosomes. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1151. [PMID: 30858376 PMCID: PMC6411776 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08838-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell is constructed by higher-order structures and organelles through complex interactions among distinct structural constituents. The centrosome is a membraneless organelle composed of two microtubule-derived structures called centrioles and an amorphous mass of pericentriolar material. Super-resolution microscopic analyses in various organisms revealed that diverse pericentriolar material proteins are concentrically localized around a centriole in a highly organized manner. However, the molecular nature underlying these organizations remains unknown. Here we show that two human pericentriolar material scaffolds, Cep63 and Cep152, cooperatively generate a heterotetrameric α-helical bundle that functions in conjunction with its neighboring hydrophobic motifs to self-assemble into a higher-order cylindrical architecture capable of recruiting downstream components, including Plk4, a key regulator for centriole duplication. Mutations disrupting the self-assembly abrogate Plk4-mediated centriole duplication. Because pericentriolar material organization is evolutionarily conserved, this work may offer a paradigm for investigating the assembly and function of centrosomal scaffolds in various organisms. The centrosome is a membraneless organelle composed of two centrioles and an amorphous pericentriolar material but the overall centrosome organizations remains unknown. Here authors show that two scaffold proteins, Cep63 and Cep152, self-assemble into a higher-order cylindrical architecture capable of recruiting downstream components, including Plk4.
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18
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Colicino EG, Hehnly H. Regulating a key mitotic regulator, polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1). Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2018; 75:481-494. [PMID: 30414309 PMCID: PMC7113694 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
During cell division, duplicated genetic material is separated into two distinct daughter cells. This process is essential for initial tissue formation during development and to maintain tissue integrity throughout an organism's lifetime. To ensure the efficacy and efficiency of this process, the cell employs a variety of regulatory and signaling proteins that function as mitotic regulators and checkpoint proteins. One vital mitotic regulator is polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1), a highly conserved member of the polo-like kinase family. Unique from its paralogues, it functions specifically during mitosis as a regulator of cell division. PLK1 is spatially and temporally enriched at three distinct subcellular locales; the mitotic centrosomes, kinetochores, and the cytokinetic midbody. These localization patterns allow PLK1 to phosphorylate specific downstream targets to regulate mitosis. In this review, we will explore how polo-like kinases were originally discovered and diverged into the five paralogues (PLK1-5) in mammals. We will then focus specifically on the most conserved, PLK1, where we will discuss what is known about how its activity is modulated, its role during the cell cycle, and new, innovative tools that have been developed to examine its function and interactions in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica G. Colicino
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyUpstate Medical UniversitySyracuseNew York
| | - Heidi Hehnly
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyUpstate Medical UniversitySyracuseNew York
- Department of BiologySyracuse UniversitySyracuseNew York
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19
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Pearson RJ, Blake DG, Mezna M, Fischer PM, Westwood NJ, McInnes C. The Meisenheimer Complex as a Paradigm in Drug Discovery: Reversible Covalent Inhibition through C67 of the ATP Binding Site of PLK1. Cell Chem Biol 2018; 25:1107-1116.e4. [PMID: 30017915 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The polo kinase family are important oncology targets that act in regulating entry into and progression through mitosis. Structure-guided discovery of a new class of inhibitors of Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) catalytic activity that interact with Cys67 of the ATP binding site is described. Compounds containing the benzothiazole N-oxide scaffold not only bind covalently to this residue, but are reversible inhibitors through the formation of Meisenheimer complexes. This mechanism of kinase inhibition results in compounds that can target PLK1 with high selectivity, while avoiding issues with irreversible covalent binding and interaction with other thiol-containing molecules in the cell. Due to renewed interest in covalent drugs and the plethora of potential drug targets, these represent prototypes for the design of kinase inhibitory compounds that achieve high specificity through covalent interaction and yet still bind reversibly to the ATP cleft, a strategy that could be applied to avoid issues with conventional covalent binders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell J Pearson
- School of Pharmacy, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK; Department of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, UK
| | - David G Blake
- Cyclacel Ltd., James Lindsay Place, Dundee DD1 5JJ, UK
| | - Mokdad Mezna
- Cyclacel Ltd., James Lindsay Place, Dundee DD1 5JJ, UK
| | - Peter M Fischer
- School of Pharmacy and Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | | | - Campbell McInnes
- Cyclacel Ltd., James Lindsay Place, Dundee DD1 5JJ, UK; Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
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20
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Dufies M, Ambrosetti D, Boulakirba S, Calleja A, Savy C, Furstoss N, Zerhouni M, Parola J, Aira-Diaz L, Marchetti S, Orange F, Lacas-Gervais S, Luciano F, Jacquel A, Robert G, Pagès G, Auberger P. ATP-competitive Plk1 inhibitors induce caspase 3-mediated Plk1 cleavage and activation in hematopoietic cell lines. Oncotarget 2017. [PMID: 29541386 PMCID: PMC5834281 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Polo-like kinases (Plks) define a highly conserved family of Ser/Thr kinases with crucial roles in the regulation of cell division. Here we show that Plk1 is cleaved by caspase 3, but not by other caspases in different hematopoietic cell lines treated with competitive inhibitors of the ATP-binding pocket of Plk1. Intriguingly, Plk1 was not cleaved in cells treated with Rigosertib, a non-competitive inhibitor of Plk1, suggesting that binding of the inhibitor to the ATP binding pocket of Plk1 triggers a conformational change and unmasks a cryptic caspase 3 cleavage site on the protein. Cleavage occurs after Asp-404 in a DYSD/K sequence and separates the kinase domain from the two PBDs of Plk1. All Plk1 inhibitors triggered G2/M arrest, activation of caspases 2 and 3, polyploidy, multiple nuclei and mitotic catastrophe, albeit at higher concentrations in the case of Rigosertib. Upon BI-2536 treatment, Plk1 cleavage occurred only in the cytosolic fraction and cleaved Plk1 accumulated in this subcellular compartment. Importantly, the cleaved N-Terminal fragment of Plk1 exhibited a higher enzymatic activity than its non-cleaved counterpart and accumulated into the cytoplasm conversely to the full length and the C-Terminal Plk1 fragments that were found essentially into the nucleus. Finally, the DYSD/K cleavage site was highly conserved during evolution from c. elegans to human. In conclusion, we described herein for the first time a specific cleavage of Plk1 by caspase 3 following treatment of cancer cells with ATP-competitive inhibitors of Plk1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maeva Dufies
- Université Côte d'Azur, C3M/Inserm U1065, Nice, France.,Université Côte d'Azur, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), CNRS UMR 7284, INSERM U 1081, Nice, France
| | - Damien Ambrosetti
- Université Côte d'Azur, CHU Nice, Department of Pathology, Nice, France
| | - Sonia Boulakirba
- Université Côte d'Azur, C3M/Inserm U1065, Nice, France.,Equipe Labellisée par la Fondation ARC (2017-2020), Paris, France
| | - Anne Calleja
- Université Côte d'Azur, C3M/Inserm U1065, Nice, France.,Equipe Labellisée par la Fondation ARC (2017-2020), Paris, France
| | - Coline Savy
- Université Côte d'Azur, C3M/Inserm U1065, Nice, France.,Equipe Labellisée par la Fondation ARC (2017-2020), Paris, France
| | | | | | - Julien Parola
- Université Côte d'Azur, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), CNRS UMR 7284, INSERM U 1081, Nice, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Frederic Luciano
- Université Côte d'Azur, C3M/Inserm U1065, Nice, France.,Equipe Labellisée par la Fondation ARC (2017-2020), Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Jacquel
- Université Côte d'Azur, C3M/Inserm U1065, Nice, France.,Equipe Labellisée par la Fondation ARC (2017-2020), Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Robert
- Université Côte d'Azur, C3M/Inserm U1065, Nice, France.,Equipe Labellisée par la Fondation ARC (2017-2020), Paris, France
| | - Gilles Pagès
- Université Côte d'Azur, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), CNRS UMR 7284, INSERM U 1081, Nice, France
| | - Patrick Auberger
- Université Côte d'Azur, C3M/Inserm U1065, Nice, France.,Equipe Labellisée par la Fondation ARC (2017-2020), Paris, France
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21
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The Emerging Role of Polo-Like Kinase 1 in Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Tumor Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9100131. [PMID: 28953239 PMCID: PMC5664070 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9100131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) is a serine/threonine kinase that plays a key role in the regulation of the cell cycle. PLK1 is overexpressed in a variety of human tumors, and its expression level often correlates with increased cellular proliferation and poor prognosis in cancer patients. It has been suggested that PLK1 controls cancer development through multiple mechanisms that include canonical regulation of mitosis and cytokinesis, modulation of DNA replication, and cell survival. However, emerging evidence suggests novel and previously unanticipated roles for PLK1 during tumor development. In this review, we will summarize the recent advancements in our understanding of the oncogenic functions of PLK1, with a focus on its role in epithelial-mesenchymal transition and tumor invasion. We will further discuss the therapeutic potential of these functions.
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22
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Acharya R, Saha S, Ray S, Hazra S, Mitra MK, Chakraborty J. siRNA-nanoparticle conjugate in gene silencing: A future cure to deadly diseases? MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 76:1378-1400. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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23
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Kumar S, Sharma G, Chakraborty C, Sharma AR, Kim J. Regulatory functional territory of PLK-1 and their substrates beyond mitosis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:37942-37962. [PMID: 28415805 PMCID: PMC5514964 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK-1) is a well-known (Ser/Thr) mitotic protein kinase and is considered as a proto-oncogene. As hyper-activation of PLK-1 is broadly associated with poor prognosis and cancer progression, it is one of the most extensively studied mitotic kinases. During mitosis, PLK-1 regulates various cell cycle events, such as spindle pole maturation, chromosome segregation and cytokinesis. However, studies have demonstrated that the role of PLK-1 is not only restricted to mitosis, but PLK-1 can also regulate other vital events beyond mitosis, including transcription, translation, ciliogenesis, checkpoint adaptation and recovery, apoptosis, chromosomes dynamics etc. Recent reviews have tried to define the regulatory role of PLK-1 during mitosis progression and tumorigenesis, but its' functional role beyond mitosis is still largely unexplored. PLK-1 can regulate the activity of many proteins that work outside of its conventional territory. The dysregulation of these proteins can cause diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, tumorigenesis etc. and may also lead to drug resistance. Thus, in this review, we discussed the versatile role of PLK-1 and tried to collect data to validate its' functional role in cell cycle regulation apart from mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiv Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, Hallym University, College of Medicine, Chucheonsi, Gangwondo, Republic of Korea
| | - Garima Sharma
- Institute For Skeletal Aging & Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University, College of Medicine, Chucheonsi, Gangwondo, Republic of Korea
| | - Chiranjib Chakraborty
- Department of Bio-informatics, School of Computer and Information Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashish Ranjan Sharma
- Institute For Skeletal Aging & Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University, College of Medicine, Chucheonsi, Gangwondo, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaebong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, Hallym University, College of Medicine, Chucheonsi, Gangwondo, Republic of Korea
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24
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Sakchaisri K, Kim SO, Hwang J, Soung NK, Lee KH, Choi TW, Lee Y, Park CM, Thimmegowda NR, Lee PY, Shwetha B, Srinivasrao G, Pham TTH, Jang JH, Yum HW, Surh YJ, Lee KS, Park H, Kim SJ, Kwon YT, Ahn JS, Kim BY. Anticancer activity of a novel small molecule tubulin inhibitor STK899704. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173311. [PMID: 28296906 PMCID: PMC5351965 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We have identified the small molecule STK899704 as a structurally novel tubulin inhibitor. STK899704 suppressed the proliferation of cancer cell lines from various origins with IC50 values ranging from 0.2 to 1.0 μM. STK899704 prevented the polymerization of purified tubulin in vitro and also depolymerized microtubule in cultured cells leading to mitotic arrest, associated with increased Cdc25C phosphorylation and the accumulation of both cyclin B1 and polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1), and apoptosis. Unlike many anticancer drugs such as Taxol and doxorubicin, STK899704 effectively displayed antiproliferative activity against multidrug-resistant cancer cell lines. The proposed binding mode of STK899704 is at the interface between αβ-tubulin heterodimer overlapping with the colchicine-binding site. Our in vivo carcinogenesis model further showed that STK 899704 is potent in both the prevention and regression of tumors, remarkably reducing the number and volume of skin tumor by STK899704 treatment. Moreover, it was significant to note that the efficacy of STK899704 was surprisingly comparable to 5-fluorouracil, a widely used anticancer therapeutic. Thus, our results demonstrate the potential of STK899704 to be developed as an anticancer chemotherapeutic and an alternative candidate for existing therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisada Sakchaisri
- Anticancer Agents Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Ochang, Cheongwon, Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sun-Ok Kim
- Anticancer Agents Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Ochang, Cheongwon, Korea
| | - Joonsung Hwang
- Anticancer Agents Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Ochang, Cheongwon, Korea
| | - Nak Kyun Soung
- Anticancer Agents Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Ochang, Cheongwon, Korea
| | - Kyung Ho Lee
- Anticancer Agents Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Ochang, Cheongwon, Korea
| | - Tae Woong Choi
- Anticancer Agents Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Ochang, Cheongwon, Korea
| | - Yongjun Lee
- Anticancer Agents Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Ochang, Cheongwon, Korea
| | - Chan-Mi Park
- Anticancer Agents Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Ochang, Cheongwon, Korea
| | - Naraganahalli R. Thimmegowda
- Anticancer Agents Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Ochang, Cheongwon, Korea
| | - Phil Young Lee
- Anticancer Agents Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Ochang, Cheongwon, Korea
| | - Bettaswamigowda Shwetha
- Anticancer Agents Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Ochang, Cheongwon, Korea
| | - Ganipisetti Srinivasrao
- Anticancer Agents Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Ochang, Cheongwon, Korea
| | - Thi Thu Huong Pham
- Anticancer Agents Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Ochang, Cheongwon, Korea
- The Key Laboratory of Enzyme & Protein Technology (KLEPT), VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Jae-Hyuk Jang
- Anticancer Agents Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Ochang, Cheongwon, Korea
| | - Hye-Won Yum
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Joon Surh
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung S. Lee
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Hwangseo Park
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Jun Kim
- Disease Target Structure Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yong Tae Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Seog Ahn
- Anticancer Agents Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Ochang, Cheongwon, Korea
| | - Bo Yeon Kim
- Anticancer Agents Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Ochang, Cheongwon, Korea
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25
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RNAi-mediated knockdown of MCM7 gene on CML cells and its therapeutic potential for leukemia. Med Oncol 2017; 34:21. [PMID: 28058629 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-016-0878-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
MCM7 is one of the subunits of MCM2-7 complex, which is essential to DNA replication licensing and the control of cell cycle progression. It has been demonstrated that MCM7 participates in mRNA transcription and DNA damage regulation as well. MCM7 gene is found to be over-expressed in multiple cancers, but there are few reports about its effect in leukemia. Recent studies have proven that MCM7 expression has a relationship with diagnosis and prognosis, which has led to their potential clinical application as a marker for cancer screening. RNA interference (RNAi) is a biological process in which RNA molecules inhibit gene expression, typically by causing the destruction of specific mRNA molecules. It is a valuable research tool, which is widely used in cell culture and living organisms as well as in medicine recent years. It is indicated that RNAi application for targeting functional carcinogenic molecules, tumor resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy is required in cancer treatment. Gene products knockdown by RNAi technology exerts anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects upon cell culture systems, animal models and in clinical trials in the most studies. In the present study, we found that MCM7 highly expressed in K562 cells rather than that in normal neutrophils. Thus, lentivirus-mediated shRNA targeting MCM7 was used to suppress its endogenous expression in K562 cells and develop a novel therapeutic strategy for leukemia.
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26
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Weng Ng WT, Shin JS, Roberts TL, Wang B, Lee CS. Molecular interactions of polo-like kinase 1 in human cancers. J Clin Pathol 2016; 69:557-62. [PMID: 26941182 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2016-203656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) is an essential protein in communicating cell-cycle progression and DNA damage. Overexpression of PLK1 has been validated as a marker for poor prognosis in many cancers. PLK1 knockdown decreases the survival of cancer cells. PLK1 is therefore an attractive target for anticancer treatments. Several inhibitors have been developed, and some have been clinically tested to show additive effects with conventional therapies. Upstream regulation of PLK1 involves multiple interactions of proteins such as FoxM1, E2F and p21. Other cancer-related proteins such as pRB and p53 also indirectly influence PLK1 expression. With the high mutation rates of these genes seen in cancers, they may be associated with PLK1 deregulation. This raises the question of whether PLK1 overexpression is a cause or a consequence of oncogenesis. In addition, hypomethylation of the CpG island of the PLK1 promoter region contributes to its upregulation. PLK1 expression can be affected by many factors; thus, it is possible that PLK1 deregulation in each individual patient tumours could be due to different underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne Tiong Weng Ng
- Discipline of Pathology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia Centre for Oncology Education and Research Translation (CONCERT), Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, Australia Cancer Pathology and Cell Biology Laboratory, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Joo-Shik Shin
- Discipline of Pathology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia Centre for Oncology Education and Research Translation (CONCERT), Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, Australia Cancer Pathology and Cell Biology Laboratory, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, Australia Molecular Medicine Research Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia Department of Anatomical Pathology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tara Laurine Roberts
- Centre for Oncology Education and Research Translation (CONCERT), Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, Australia Molecular Medicine Research Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Bin Wang
- Discipline of Pathology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia Centre for Oncology Education and Research Translation (CONCERT), Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, Australia South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Cheok Soon Lee
- Discipline of Pathology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia Centre for Oncology Education and Research Translation (CONCERT), Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, Australia Cancer Pathology and Cell Biology Laboratory, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, Australia Molecular Medicine Research Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia Department of Anatomical Pathology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, Australia South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia Cancer Pathology, Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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27
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Kumar S, Sharma AR, Sharma G, Chakraborty C, Kim J. PLK-1: Angel or devil for cell cycle progression. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2016; 1865:190-203. [PMID: 26899266 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PLK-1 is a key player in the eukaryotic cell cycle. Cell cycle progression is precisely controlled by cell cycle regulatory kinases. PLK-1 is a mitotic kinase that actively regulates the G2/M transition, mitosis, mitotic exit, and cytokinesis. During cell cycle progression, PLK-1 controls various events related to the cell cycle maturation, directly and/or indirectly. On the contrary, aberrant expression of PLK-1 is strongly associated with tumorigenesis and its poor prognosis. The misexpression of PLK-1 causes the abnormalities including aneuploidy, mitotic defects, leading to tumorigenesis through inhibiting the p53 and pRB genes. Therefore, we reviewed the role of PLK-1 in the cell cycle progression and in the tumorigenesis either as a cell cycle regulator or on an attractive anti-cancer drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiv Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, Hallym University, College of Medicine, Chucheonsi, Gangwondo 200-704, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ashish Ranjan Sharma
- Institute For Skeletal Aging & Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University, College of Medicine, Chucheonsi, Gangwondo 200-704, Republic of Korea.
| | - Garima Sharma
- Institute For Skeletal Aging & Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University, College of Medicine, Chucheonsi, Gangwondo 200-704, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chiranjib Chakraborty
- Department of Bio-informatics, School of Computer and Information Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida 203201, India.
| | - Jaebong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, Hallym University, College of Medicine, Chucheonsi, Gangwondo 200-704, Republic of Korea.
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28
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Borgal L, Rinschen MM, Dafinger C, Liebrecht VI, Abken H, Benzing T, Schermer B. Jade-1S phosphorylation induced by CK1α contributes to cell cycle progression. Cell Cycle 2016; 15:1034-45. [PMID: 26919559 PMCID: PMC4889251 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1152429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The PHD zinc finger protein Jade-1S is a component of the HBO1 histone acetyltransferase complex and binds chromatin in a cell cycle-dependent manner. Jade-1S also acts as an E3 ubiquitin ligase for the canonical Wnt effector protein β-catenin and is influenced by CK1α-mediated phosphorylation. To further elucidate the functional impact of this phosphorylation, we used a stable, low-level expression system to express either wild-type or mutant Jade-1S lacking the N-terminal CK1α phosphorylation motif. Interactome analyses revealed that the Jade-1S mutant unable to be phosphorylated by CK1α has an increased binding affinity to proteins involved in chromatin remodelling, histone deacetylation, transcriptional repression, and ribosome biogenesis. Interestingly, cells expressing the mutant displayed an elongated cell shape and a delay in cell cycle progression. Finally, phosphoproteomic analyses allowed identification of a Jade-1S site phosphorylated in the presence of CK1α but closely resembling a PLK1 phosphorylation motif. Our data suggest that Jade-1S phosphorylation at an N-terminal CK1α motif creates a PLK1 phospho-binding domain. We propose CK1α phosphorylation of Jade 1S to serve as a molecular switch, turning off chromatin remodelling functions of Jade-1S and allowing timely cell cycle progression. As Jade-1S protein expression in the kidney is altered upon renal injury, this could contribute to understanding mechanisms underlying epithelial injury repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori Borgal
- Department II of Internal Medicine; University of Cologne; Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC); University of Cologne; Cologne, Germany
| | - Markus M. Rinschen
- Department II of Internal Medicine; University of Cologne; Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC); University of Cologne; Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne; Cologne, Germany
| | - Claudia Dafinger
- Department II of Internal Medicine; University of Cologne; Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC); University of Cologne; Cologne, Germany
| | - Valérie I. Liebrecht
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC); University of Cologne; Cologne, Germany
- Department I of Internal Medicine; University of Cologne; Cologne, Germany
| | - Hinrich Abken
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC); University of Cologne; Cologne, Germany
- Department I of Internal Medicine; University of Cologne; Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Benzing
- Department II of Internal Medicine; University of Cologne; Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC); University of Cologne; Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne; Cologne, Germany
- Systems Biology of Ageing Cologne; University of Cologne; Cologne, Germany
| | - Bernhard Schermer
- Department II of Internal Medicine; University of Cologne; Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC); University of Cologne; Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne; Cologne, Germany
- Systems Biology of Ageing Cologne; University of Cologne; Cologne, Germany
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29
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Lee KS, Burke TR, Park JE, Bang JK, Lee E. Recent Advances and New Strategies in Targeting Plk1 for Anticancer Therapy. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2015; 36:858-877. [PMID: 26478211 PMCID: PMC4684765 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2015.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) plays key roles in regulating mitotic processes that are crucial for cellular proliferation. Overexpression of Plk1 is tightly associated with the development of particular cancers in humans, and a large body of evidence suggests that Plk1 is an attractive target for anticancer therapeutic development. Drugs targeting Plk1 can potentially be directed at two distinct sites: the N-terminal catalytic kinase domain (KD), which phosphorylates substrates, and the C-terminal polo-box domain (PBD) which is essential for protein-protein interactions. In this review we summarize recent advances and new challenges in the development of Plk1 inhibitors targeting these two domains. We also discuss novel strategies for designing and developing next-generation inhibitors to effectively treat Plk1-associated human disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung S Lee
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Terrence R Burke
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Jung-Eun Park
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jeong K Bang
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute, 804-1, Yangcheong Ri, Ochang, Chungbuk, Cheongwon 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhye Lee
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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30
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Park JE, Kim TS, Meng L, Bang JK, Kim BY, Lee KS. Putting a bit into the polo-box domain of polo-like kinase 1. J Anal Sci Technol 2015; 6:27. [PMID: 26500787 PMCID: PMC4610673 DOI: 10.1186/s40543-015-0069-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) plays key roles in regulating various mitotic processes that are critical for cellular proliferation. A growing body of evidence suggests that Plk1 overexpression is tightly associated with the development of human cancers. Interestingly, various types of cancer cells are shown to be addicted to a high level of Plk1, and the reversal of Plk1 addiction appears to be an effective strategy for selectively killing cancer cells, but not normal cells. Therefore, Plk1 is considered an attractive anticancer drug target. Over the years, a large number of inhibitors that target the catalytic activity of Plk1 have been developed. However, these inhibitors exhibit significant levels of cross-reactivity with related kinases, including Plk2 and Plk3. Consequently, as an alternative approach for developing anti-Plk1 therapeutics, substantial effort is under way to develop inhibitors that target the C-terminal protein–protein interaction domain of Plk1, called the polo-box domain (PBD). In this communication, I will discuss the pros and cons of targeting the PBD in comparison to those of targeting the ATP-binding site within the kinase domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Eun Park
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 37, Room 3118, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Tae-Sung Kim
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 37, Room 3118, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Lingjun Meng
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 37, Room 3118, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Jeong K Bang
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute, 804-1, Yangcheong Ri, Ochang, 363-883 Chungbuk Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Y Kim
- World Class Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, 363-883 Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung S Lee
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 37, Room 3118, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
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31
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Meng L, Park JE, Kim TS, Lee EH, Park SY, Zhou M, Bang JK, Lee KS. Bimodal Interaction of Mammalian Polo-Like Kinase 1 and a Centrosomal Scaffold, Cep192, in the Regulation of Bipolar Spindle Formation. Mol Cell Biol 2015; 35:2626-40. [PMID: 26012549 PMCID: PMC4524112 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00068-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Serving as microtubule-organizing centers, centrosomes play a key role in forming bipolar spindles. The mechanism of how centrosomes promote bipolar spindle assembly in various organisms remains largely unknown. A recent study with Xenopus laevis egg extracts suggested that the Plk1 ortholog Plx1 interacts with the phospho-T46 (p-T46) motif of Xenopus Cep192 (xCep192) to form an xCep192-mediated xAurA-Plx1 cascade that is critical for bipolar spindle formation. Here, we demonstrated that in cultured human cells, Cep192 recruits AurA and Plk1 in a cooperative manner, and this event is important for the reciprocal activation of AurA and Plk1. Strikingly, Plk1 interacted with Cep192 through either the p-T44 (analogous to Xenopus p-T46) or the newly identified p-S995 motif via its C-terminal noncatalytic polo-box domain. The interaction between Plk1 and the p-T44 motif was prevalent in the presence of Cep192-bound AurA, whereas the interaction of Plk1 with the p-T995 motif was preferred in the absence of AurA binding. Notably, the loss of p-T44- and p-S995-dependent Cep192-Plk1 interactions induced an additive defect in recruiting Plk1 and γ-tubulin to centrosomes, which ultimately led to a failure in proper bipolar spindle formation and mitotic progression. Thus, we propose that Plk1 promotes centrosome-based bipolar spindle formation by forming two functionally nonredundant complexes with Cep192.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjun Meng
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jung-Eun Park
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Tae-Sung Kim
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Eun Hye Lee
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Suk-Youl Park
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ming Zhou
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Analytical Technologies, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Jeong K. Bang
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, South Korea
| | - Kyung S. Lee
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Park CH, Park JE, Kim TS, Kang YH, Soung NK, Zhou M, Kim NH, Bang JK, Lee KS. Mammalian Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) promotes proper chromosome segregation by phosphorylating and delocalizing the PBIP1·CENP-Q complex from kinetochores. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:8569-81. [PMID: 25670858 PMCID: PMC4375506 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.623546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian Plk1 is critically required for proper M phase progression. Plk1 is self-recruited to prekinetochores/kinetochores by phosphorylating and binding to the Thr-78 motif of a kinetochore scaffold protein, PBIP1 (also called CENP-U/50), which forms a stable complex with another kinetochore component, CENP-Q. However, the mechanism regulating Plk1 localization to this site remains largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the PBIP1·CENP-Q complex became hyperphosphorylated and rapidly delocalized from kinetochores as cells entered mitosis. Plk1 phosphorylated the CENP-Q subunit of the PBIP1·CENP-Q complex at multiple sites, and mutation of nine Plk1-dependent phosphorylation sites to Ala (9A) enhanced CENP-Q association with chromatin and prolonged CENP-Q localization to kinetochores. Conversely, mutation of the nine sites to phospho-mimicking Asp/Glu (9D/E) residues dissociated CENP-Q from chromatin and kept the CENP-Q(9D/E) mutant from localizing to interphase prekinetochores. Strikingly, both the 9A and 9D/E mutants induced a defect in proper chromosome segregation, suggesting that both timely localization of the PBIP1·CENP-Q complex to prekinetochores and delocalization from kinetochores are critical for normal M phase progression. Notably, although Plk1 did not alter the level of PBIP1 and CENP-Q ubiquitination, Plk1-dependent phosphorylation and delocalization of these proteins from kinetochores appeared to indirectly lead to their degradation in the cytosol. Thus, we propose that Plk1 regulates the timing of the delocalization and ultimate destruction of the PBIP1·CENP-Q complex and that these processes are important not only for promoting Plk1-dependent mitotic progression, but also for resetting the timing of Plk1 recruitment to prekinetochores in the next cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Hoon Park
- From the Laboratory of Metabolism, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4258
| | - Jung-Eun Park
- From the Laboratory of Metabolism, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4258
| | - Tae-Sung Kim
- From the Laboratory of Metabolism, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4258
| | - Young Hwi Kang
- the Immune and Vascular Cell Network Research Center, Department of Life Science and GT5 Program, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Nak-Kyun Soung
- the Chemical Biology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Chungbuk 363-883, Korea
| | - Ming Zhou
- the Laboratory of Proteomics and Analytical Technologies, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland 21702
| | - Nam-Hyung Kim
- the Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 361-763 Korea, and
| | - Jeong Kyu Bang
- the Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Chungbuk, 363-883 Korea
| | - Kyung S Lee
- From the Laboratory of Metabolism, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4258,
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Park JE, Kim TS, Kim BY, Lee KS. Selective blockade of cancer cell proliferation and anchorage-independent growth by Plk1 activity-dependent suicidal inhibition of its polo-box domain. Cell Cycle 2015; 14:3624-34. [PMID: 26513691 PMCID: PMC4825759 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1104435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) plays a critical role in proper M-phase progression and cell proliferation. Plk1 is overexpressed in a broad spectrum of human cancers and is considered an attractive anticancer drug target. Although a large number of inhibitors targeting the catalytic domain of Plk1 have been developed, these inhibitors commonly exhibit a substantial level of cross-reactivity with other structurally related kinases, thus narrowing their applicable dose for patient treatment. Plk1 contains a C-terminal polo-box domain (PBD) that is essentially required for interacting with its binding targets. However, largely due to the lack of both specific and membrane-permeable inhibitors, whether PBD serves as an alternative target for the development of anticancer therapeutics has not been rigorously examined. Here, we used an intracellularly expressed 29-mer-long PBIP1-derived peptide (i.e., PBIPtide), which can be converted into a "suicidal" PBD inhibitor via Plk1-dependent self-priming and binding. Using this highly specific and potent system, we showed that Plk1 PBD inhibition alone is sufficient for inducing mitotic arrest and apoptotic cell death in cancer cells but not in normal cells, and that cancer cell-selective killing can occur regardless of the presence or absence of oncogenic RAS mutation. Intriguingly, PBD inhibition also effectively prevented anchorage-independent growth of malignant cancer cells. Thus, targeting PBD represents an appealing strategy for anti-Plk1 inhibitor development. Additionally, PBD inhibition-induced cancer cell-selective killing may not simply stem from activated RAS alone but, rather, from multiple altered biochemical and physiological mechanisms, which may have collectively contributed to Plk1 addiction in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Eun Park
- Laboratory of Metabolism; National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Tae-Sung Kim
- Laboratory of Metabolism; National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Bo Yeon Kim
- Incurable Diseases Therapeutics Research Center; Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology; Ochang, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung S Lee
- Laboratory of Metabolism; National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD USA
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Molecular basis for unidirectional scaffold switching of human Plk4 in centriole biogenesis. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2014; 21:696-703. [PMID: 24997597 PMCID: PMC4125498 DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.2846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 4 (Plk4) is a key regulator of centriole duplication, an event critical for the maintenance of genomic integrity. Here we showed that Plk4 relocalizes from the inner Cep192 ring to the outer Cep152 ring as newly recruited Cep152 assembles around the Cep192-encircled daughter centriole. Crystal structure analyses revealed that Cep192 - and Cep152-derived peptides bind the cryptic polo box (CPB) of Plk4 in opposite orientations and in a mutually exclusive manner. The Cep152-peptide bound to the CPB markedly better than the Cep192-peptide and effectively snatched the CPB away from a preformed CPB–Cep192-peptide complex. A cancer-associated Cep152 mutation impairing the Plk4 interaction induced defects in procentriole assembly and chromosome segregation. Thus, Plk4 is intricately regulated in time and space through ordered interactions with two distinct scaffolds, Cep192 and Cep152, and a failure in this process may lead to human cancer.
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Lee KS, Park JE, Kang YH, Kim TS, Bang JK. Mechanisms underlying Plk1 polo-box domain-mediated biological processes and their physiological significance. Mol Cells 2014; 37:286-94. [PMID: 24722413 PMCID: PMC4012076 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2014.0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) has been studied intensively as a key regulator of various cell cycle events that are critical for proper M-phase progression. The polobox domain (PBD) present in Plk1's C-terminal noncatalytic region has been shown to play a central role in targeting the N-terminal kinase domain of Plk1 to specific subcellular locations. Subsequent studies reveal that PBD binds to a phosphorylated motif generated by one of the two mechanisms-self-priming by Plk1 itself or non-selfpriming by a Pro-directed kinase, such as Cdc2. Here, we comparatively review the differences in the biochemical steps of these mechanisms and discuss their physiological significance. Considering the diverse functions of Plk1 during the cell cycle, a better understanding of how the catalytic activity of Plk1 functions in concert with its cisacting PBD and how this coordinated process is intricately regulated to promote Plk1 functions will be important for providing new insights into different mechanisms underlying various Plk1-mediated biological events that occur at the multiple stages of the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung S. Lee
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892,
USA
| | - Jung-Eun Park
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892,
USA
| | | | - Tae-Sung Kim
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892,
USA
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36
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Plk1-targeted therapies in TP53- or RAS-mutated cancer. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2014; 761:31-39. [PMID: 24630986 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2014.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Despite advances in treatment, prognosis for many types of carcinoma remains poor. Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) has been explored as a target for the development of anticancer drugs. As a mitotic master Ser/Thr kinase, Plk1 is involved in centrosomal maturation, microtubule nucleation, chromosomal segregation, and cytokinesis. Additional functions in interphase and in response to DNA damage have been revealed. The multiple locations of Plk1 correspond to distinct functions, mediated by phosphorylation of multiple substrates. Since it is highly expressed in several carcinomas, and expression of Plk1 is inversely correlated with the survival rate of patients in non-small cell lung, head and neck, and esophageal cancer, Plk1 is recognized as a valid prognostic marker. Connections between Plk1 and p53 or KRAS in carcinoma provide a rationale and several possible routes to the development of therapies. Tumors with both p53-deficiency and high Plk1 expression may be particularly sensitive to Plk1 inhibitors, although some controversial data exist. In KRAS-mutant cancers, on the other hand, Plk1 may be essential for tumor cell survival, but detailed studies as to whether Plk1 inhibitors are more effective in KRAS-mutant cancers must be performed in order to determine whether this is the case. Here, we present evidence for Plk1 as a prognostic marker and potentially effective target for the treatment of patients with carcinoma, to demonstrate the value of Plk1 as a target for the development of cancer treatment, especially for patients with solid tumors. In addition, the effects of Plk1 inhibition in p53- or KRAS-mutated cancer are discussed with respect to clinical implications. Structural specifics of Plk1 are presented, as well as current strategies for discovering new Plk1 inhibitors by targeting the conserved ATP binding site or polo-box domain of Plk1, in order to develop Plk1-specific anticancer drugs.
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Hierarchical recruitment of Plk4 and regulation of centriole biogenesis by two centrosomal scaffolds, Cep192 and Cep152. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:E4849-57. [PMID: 24277814 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1319656110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Centrosomes play an important role in various cellular processes, including spindle formation and chromosome segregation. They are composed of two orthogonally arranged centrioles, whose duplication occurs only once per cell cycle. Accurate control of centriole numbers is essential for the maintenance of genomic integrity. Although it is well appreciated that polo-like kinase 4 (Plk4) plays a central role in centriole biogenesis, how it is recruited to centrosomes and whether this step is necessary for centriole biogenesis remain largely elusive. Here we showed that Plk4 localizes to distinct subcentrosomal regions in a temporally and spatially regulated manner, and that Cep192 and Cep152 serve as two distinct scaffolds that recruit Plk4 to centrosomes in a hierarchical order. Interestingly, Cep192 and Cep152 competitively interacted with the cryptic polo box of Plk4 through their homologous N-terminal sequences containing acidic-α-helix and N/Q-rich motifs. Consistent with these observations, the expression of either one of these N-terminal fragments was sufficient to delocalize Plk4 from centrosomes. Furthermore, loss of the Cep192- or Cep152-dependent interaction with Plk4 resulted in impaired centriole duplication that led to delayed cell proliferation. Thus, the spatiotemporal regulation of Plk4 localization by two hierarchical scaffolds, Cep192 and Cep152, is critical for centriole biogenesis.
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Dai G, Qian Y, Chen J, Meng FL, Pan FY, Shen WG, Zhang SZ, Xue B, Li CJ. Calmodulin activation of polo-like kinase 1 is required during mitotic entry. Biochem Cell Biol 2013; 91:287-94. [PMID: 24032677 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2013-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) is a conserved key regulator of the G2/M transition, but its upstream spatiotemporal regulators remain unknown. With the help of immunofluorescence, co-immunoprecipitation, and glutathione S-transferase (GST) pull-down assay, we found that calmodulin (CaM) is one such regulatory molecule that associates with Plk1 from G2 to metaphase. More importantly, this interaction results in considerable stimulation of Plk1 kinase activity leading to hyperphosphorylation of Cdc25C. Our results provide new insight into the role of CaM as an upstream regulator of Plk1 activation during mitotic entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gu Dai
- a Model Animal Research Center (MARC) and School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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39
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Bibi N, Parveen Z, Rashid S. Identification of potential Plk1 targets in a cell-cycle specific proteome through structural dynamics of kinase and Polo box-mediated interactions. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70843. [PMID: 23967120 PMCID: PMC3744538 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Polo like kinase 1 (Plk1) is a key player in orchestrating the wide variety of cell-cycle events ranging from centrosome maturation, mitotic entry, checkpoint recovery, transcriptional control, spindle assembly, mitotic progression, cytokinesis and DNA damage checkpoints recovery. Due to its versatile nature, Plk1 is considered an imperative regulator to tightly control the diverse aspects of the cell cycle network. Interactions among Plk1 polo box domain (PBD) and its putative binding proteins are crucial for the activation of Plk1 kinase domain (KD). To date, only a few substrate candidates have been characterized through the inclusion of both polo box and kinase domain-mediated interactions. Thus it became compelling to explore precise and specific Plk1 substrates through reassessment and extension of the structure-function paradigm. To narrow this apparently wide gap in knowledge, here we employed a thorough sequence search of Plk1 phosphorylation signature containing proteins and explored their structure-based features like conceptual PBD-binding capabilities and subsequent recruitment of KD directed phosphorylation to dissect novel targets of Plk1. Collectively, we identified 4,521 phosphodependent proteins sharing similarity to the consensus phosphorylation and PBD recognition motifs. Subsequent application of filters including similarity index, Gene Ontology enrichment and protein localization resulted in stringent pre-filtering of irrelevant candidates and isolated unique targets with well-defined roles in cell-cycle machinery and carcinogenesis. These candidates were further refined structurally using molecular docking and dynamic simulation assays. Overall, our screening approach enables the identification of several undefined cell-cycle associated functions of Plk1 by uncovering novel phosphorylation targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nousheen Bibi
- National Center for Bioinformatics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zahida Parveen
- National Center for Bioinformatics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sajid Rashid
- National Center for Bioinformatics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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40
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Herreros-Villanueva M, Zhang JS, Koenig A, Abel EV, Smyrk TC, Bamlet WR, de Narvajas AAM, Gomez TS, Simeone DM, Bujanda L, Billadeau DD. SOX2 promotes dedifferentiation and imparts stem cell-like features to pancreatic cancer cells. Oncogenesis 2013; 2:e61. [PMID: 23917223 PMCID: PMC3759123 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2013.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
SOX2 (Sex-determining region Y (SRY)-Box2) has important functions during embryonic development and is involved in cancer stem cell (CSC) maintenance, in which it impairs cell growth and tumorigenicity. However, the function of SOX2 in pancreatic cancer cells is unclear. The objective of this study was to analyze SOX2 expression in human pancreatic tumors and determine the role of SOX2 in pancreatic cancer cells regulating CSC properties. In this report, we show that SOX2 is not expressed in normal pancreatic acinar or ductal cells. However, ectopic expression of SOX2 is observed in 19.3% of human pancreatic tumors. SOX2 knockdown in pancreatic cancer cells results in cell growth inhibition via cell cycle arrest associated with p21Cip1 and p27Kip1 induction, whereas SOX2 overexpression promotes S-phase entry and cell proliferation associated with cyclin D3 induction. SOX2 expression is associated with increased levels of the pancreatic CSC markers ALDH1, ESA and CD44. Importantly, we show that SOX2 is enriched in the ESA+/CD44+ CSC population from two different patient samples. Moreover, we show that SOX2 directly binds to the Snail, Slug and Twist promoters, leading to a loss of E-Cadherin and ZO-1 expression. Taken together, our findings show that SOX2 is aberrantly expressed in pancreatic cancer and contributes to cell proliferation and stemness/dedifferentiation through the regulation of a set of genes controlling G1/S transition and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype, suggesting that targeting SOX2-positive cancer cells could be a promising therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Herreros-Villanueva
- 1] Division of Oncology Research, Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA [2] Department of Gastroenterology, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Hospital Donostia/Instituto Biodonostia, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, San Sebastián, Spain
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41
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Jacquemet G, Morgan MR, Byron A, Humphries JD, Choi CK, Chen CS, Caswell PT, Humphries MJ. Rac1 is deactivated at integrin activation sites through an IQGAP1-filamin-A-RacGAP1 pathway. J Cell Sci 2013; 126:4121-35. [PMID: 23843620 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.121988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell migration makes a fundamental contribution to both normal physiology and disease pathogenesis. Integrin engagement with extracellular ligands spatially controls, via the cyclical activation and deactivation of the small GTPase Rac1, the dynamic membrane protrusion and cytoskeletal reorganization events that are required for directional migration. Although the pathways that control integrin-mediated Rac1 activation are reasonably well defined, the mechanisms that are responsible for switching off activity are poorly understood. Here, proteomic analysis of activated integrin-associated complexes suggests filamin-A and IQ-motif-containing GTPase-activating protein 1 (IQGAP1) as candidates that link β1 integrin to Rac1. siRNA-mediated knockdown of either filamin-A or IQGAP1 induced high, dysregulated Rac1 activity during cell spreading on fibronectin. Using immunoprecipitation and immunocytochemistry, filamin-A and IQGAP1 were shown to be part of a complex that is recruited to active β1 integrin. Mass spectrometric analysis of individual filamin-A, IQGAP1 and Rac1 pull-downs and biochemical analysis, identified RacGAP1 as a novel IQGAP1 binding partner. Further immunoprecipitation and immunocytochemistry analyses demonstrated that RacGAP1 is recruited to IQGAP1 and active β1 integrin, and that suppression of RacGAP1 expression triggered elevated Rac1 activity during spreading on fibronectin. Consistent with these findings, reduced expression of filamin-A, IQGAP1 or RacGAP1 triggered unconstrained membrane protrusion and disrupted directional cell migration on fibrillar extracellular matrices. These findings suggest a model whereby integrin engagement, followed by filamin-A, IQGAP1 and RacGAP1 recruitment, deactivates Rac1 to constrain its activity spatially and thereby coordinate directional cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Jacquemet
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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42
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Louwen F, Yuan J. Battle of the eternal rivals: restoring functional p53 and inhibiting Polo-like kinase 1 as cancer therapy. Oncotarget 2013; 4:958-71. [PMID: 23948487 PMCID: PMC3759674 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 1, a pivotal regulator of mitosis and cytokinesis, is highly expressed in a broad spectrum of tumors and its expression correlates often with poor prognosis, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target. p53, the guardian of the genome, is the most important tumor suppressor. In this review, we address the intertwined relationship of these two key molecules by fighting each other as eternal rivals in many signaling pathways. p53 represses the promoter of Polo-like kinase 1, whereas Polo-like kinase 1 inhibits p53 and its family members p63 and p73 in cancer cells lacking functional p53. Plk1 inhibitors target all rapidly dividing cells irrespective of tumor cells or non-transformed normal but proliferating cells. Upon treatment with Plk1 inhibitors, p53 in tumor cells is activated and induces strong apoptosis, whereas tumor cells with inactive p53 arrest in mitosis with DNA damage. Thus, inactive p53 is not associated with a susceptible cytotoxicity of Polo-like kinase 1 inhibition and could rather foster the induction of polyploidy/aneuploidy in surviving cells. In addition, compared to the mono-treatment, combination of Polo-like kinase 1 inhibition with anti-mitotic or DNA damaging agents boosts more severe mitotic defects, effectually triggers apoptosis and strongly inhibits proliferation of cancer cells with functional p53. In this regard, restoration of p53 in tumor cells with loss or mutation of p53 will reinforce the cytotoxicity of combined Polo-like kinase 1 therapy and provide a proficient strategy for combating relapse and metastasis of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Louwen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, J. W. Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Juping Yuan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, J. W. Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
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43
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Deeraksa A, Pan J, Sha Y, Liu XD, Eissa NT, Lin SH, Yu-Lee LY. Plk1 is upregulated in androgen-insensitive prostate cancer cells and its inhibition leads to necroptosis. Oncogene 2013; 32:2973-83. [PMID: 22890325 PMCID: PMC3499666 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2012] [Revised: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 06/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Castration-resistant prostate cancer (PCa) is refractory to hormone therapy and new strategies for treatment are urgently needed. We found that androgen-insensitive (AI) PCa cells, LNCaP-AI, are reprogrammed to upregulate the mitotic kinase Plk1 (Polo-like kinase 1) and other M-phase cell-cycle proteins, which may underlie AI PCa growth. In androgen-depleted media, LNCaP-AI cells showed exquisite sensitivity to growth inhibition by subnanomolar concentrations of a small molecule inhibitor of Plk1, BI2536, suggesting that these cells are dependent on Plk1 for growth. In contrast, the androgen-responsive parental LNCaP cells showed negligible responses to BI2536 treatment under the same condition. BI2536 treatment of LNCaP-AI cells resulted in an increase in cell death marker PARP-1 (polymerase-1) but did not activate caspase-3, an apoptosis marker, suggesting that the observed cell death was caspase-independent. BI2536-treated LNCaP-AI cells formed multinucleated giant cells that contain clusters of nuclear vesicles indicative of mitotic catastrophe. Live-cell time-lapse imaging revealed that BI2536-treated giant LNCaP-AI cells underwent necroptosis, as evidenced by 'explosive' cell death and partial reversal of cell death by a necroptosis inhibitor. Our studies suggest that LNCaP-AI cells underwent reprogramming in both their cell growth and cell death pathways, rendering them highly sensitive to Plk1 inhibition that induces necroptosis. Harnessing necroptosis through Plk1 inhibition may be explored for therapeutic intervention of castration-resistant PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpaporn Deeraksa
- Department of Medicine, Section of Immunology Allergy and Rheumatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Jing Pan
- Department of Medicine, Section of Immunology Allergy and Rheumatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Youbao Sha
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Xian-De Liu
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - N Tony Eissa
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Sue-Hwa Lin
- Department of Molecular Pathology, UT Texas at M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Li-yuan Yu-Lee
- Department of Medicine, Section of Immunology Allergy and Rheumatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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44
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Vose JM, Friedberg JW, Waller EK, Cheson BD, Juvvigunta V, Fritsch H, Petit C, Munzert G, Younes A. The Plk1 inhibitor BI 2536 in patients with refractory or relapsed non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a phase I, open-label, single dose-escalation study. Leuk Lymphoma 2013; 54:708-13. [PMID: 22978685 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2012.729833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) is expressed during mitosis and overexpressed in multiple cancers, including non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). This phase I study determined the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of BI 2536, a Plk1 inhibitor, as a 1 h infusion once every 3 weeks in post-transplant relapsed (n = 17) and transplant-naive (n = 24) patients with relapsed/refractory NHL. Median treatment cycles were 2 and 1.5, respectively. MTD was 175 mg for both populations; dose-limiting toxicities were grade 4 thrombocytopenia and neutropenia. Most treatment-related adverse events were grade 1/2; drug-related grade 3/4 events included thrombocytopenia and neutropenia. Four patients achieved responses (three complete and one partial at doses ≥ 150 mg, all post-transplant relapsed patients) for an overall response rate of 9.8%. BI 2536 exhibited multi-compartmental pharmacokinetics with a high volume of distribution. The activity and safety of BI 2536 in this pretreated patient population support Plk inhibitors as a therapeutic strategy in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie M Vose
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-7680, USA.
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45
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Abstract
Kinesin molecular motors perform a myriad of intracellular transport functions. While their mechanochemical mechanisms are well understood and well-conserved throughout the superfamily, the cargo-binding and regulatory mechanisms governing the activity of kinesins are highly diverse and in general, are incompletely characterized. Here we present evidence from bioinformatic predictions indicating that most kinesin superfamily members contain significant regions of intrinsically disordered (ID) residues. ID regions can bind to multiple partners with high specificity, and are highly labile to post-translational modification and degradation signals. In kinesins, the predicted ID regions are primarily found in areas outside the motor domains, where primary sequences diverge by family, suggesting that ID may be a critical structural element for determining the functional specificity of individual kinesins. To support this idea, we present a systematic analysis of the kinesin superfamily, family by family, for predicted regions of ID. We combine this analysis with a comprehensive review of kinesin binding partners and post-translational modifications. We find two key trends across the entire kinesin superfamily. First, ID residues tend to be in the tail regions of kinesins, opposite the superfamily-conserved motor domains. Second, predicted ID regions correlate to regions that are known to bind to cargoes and/or undergo post-translational modifications. We therefore propose that ID is a structural element utilized by the kinesin superfamily in order to impart functional specificity to individual kinesins.
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Abstract
Kinesins are a family of molecular motors that travel unidirectionally along microtubule tracks to fulfil their many roles in intracellular transport or cell division. Over the past few years kinesins that are involved in mitosis have emerged as potential targets for cancer drug development. Several compounds that inhibit two mitotic kinesins (EG5 (also known as KIF11) and centromere-associated protein E (CENPE)) have entered Phase I and II clinical trials either as monotherapies or in combination with other drugs. Additional mitotic kinesins are currently being validated as drug targets, raising the possibility that the range of kinesin-based drug targets may expand in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Rath
- The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, Scotland, UK
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Lee KH, Johmura Y, Yu LR, Park JE, Gao Y, Bang JK, Zhou M, Veenstra TD, Yeon Kim B, Lee KS. Identification of a novel Wnt5a-CK1ɛ-Dvl2-Plk1-mediated primary cilia disassembly pathway. EMBO J 2012; 31:3104-17. [PMID: 22609948 PMCID: PMC3400010 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2012.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-motile primary cilium is an antenna-like structure whose defect is associated with a wide range of pathologies, including developmental disorders and cancer. Although mechanisms regulating cilia assembly have been extensively studied, how cilia disassembly is regulated remains poorly understood. Here, we report unexpected roles of Dishevelled 2 (Dvl2) and interphase polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) in primary cilia disassembly. We demonstrated that Dvl2 is phosphorylated at S143 and T224 in a manner that requires both non-canonical Wnt5a ligand and casein kinase 1 epsilon (CK1ɛ), and that this event is critical to interact with Plk1 in early stages of the cell cycle. The resulting Dvl2-Plk1 complex mediated Wnt5a-CK1ɛ-Dvl2-dependent primary cilia disassembly by stabilizing the HEF1 scaffold and activating its associated Aurora-A (AurA), a kinase crucially required for primary cilia disassembly. Thus, via the formation of the Dvl2-Plk1 complex, Plk1 plays an unanticipated role in primary cilia disassembly by linking Wnt5a-induced biochemical steps to HEF1/AurA-dependent cilia disassembly. This study may provide new insights into the mechanism underlying ciliary disassembly processes and various cilia-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Ho Lee
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yoshikazu Johmura
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Li-Rong Yu
- Division of Systems Biology, Center for Proteomics, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Jung-Eun Park
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yuan Gao
- Division of Systems Biology, Center for Proteomics, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Jeong K Bang
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute, Chung-Buk, Republic of Korea
| | - Ming Zhou
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Analytical Technologies, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Timothy D Veenstra
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Analytical Technologies, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Bo Yeon Kim
- Chemical Biology Research Center and World Class Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chung-Buk, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung S Lee
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
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King SI, Purdie CA, Bray SE, Quinlan PR, Jordan LB, Thompson AM, Meek DW. Immunohistochemical detection of Polo-like kinase-1 (PLK1) in primary breast cancer is associated with TP53 mutation and poor clinical outcom. Breast Cancer Res 2012; 14:R40. [PMID: 22405092 PMCID: PMC3446374 DOI: 10.1186/bcr3136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Revised: 01/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Polo-like kinase-1 (PLK1) is a crucial driver of cell cycle progression and its down-regulation plays an important checkpoint role in response to DNA damage. Mechanistically, this is mediated by p53 which represses PLK1 expression through chromatin remodelling. Consistent with this model, cultured cells lacking p53 fail to repress PLK1 expression. This study examined PLK1 expression, p53 mutation and clinical outcome in breast cancer. METHODS Immunohistochemistry was performed using antibodies to PLK1, MDM2 and Ki67 on Tissue Micro-Array (TMA) slides of a cohort of 215 primary breast cancers. The TP53 gene (encoding p53) was sequenced in all tumour samples. Protein expression scored using the "Quickscore" method was compared with clinical and pathological data, including survival. RESULTS Staining of PLK1 was observed in 11% of primary breast tumours and was significantly associated with the presence of TP53 mutation (P = 0.0063). Moreover, patients with both PLK1 expression and TP53 mutation showed a significantly worse survival than those with either PLK1 expression or TP53 mutation alone. There was also a close association of elevated PLK1 with triple negative tumours, considered to be poor prognosis breast cancers that generally harbour TP53 mutation. Further association was observed between elevated PLK1 levels and the major p53 negative regulator, MDM2. CONCLUSIONS The significant association between elevated PLK1 and TP53 mutation in women with breast cancer is consistent with escape from repression of PLK1 expression by mutant p53. Tumours expressing elevated PLK1, but lacking functional p53, may be potential targets for novel anti-PLK1-targeted drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon I King
- Division of Cancer Research, Medical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Colin A Purdie
- Division of Cancer Research, Medical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Susan E Bray
- Division of Cancer Research, Medical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Philip R Quinlan
- Division of Cancer Research, Medical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Lee B Jordan
- Division of Cancer Research, Medical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Alastair M Thompson
- Division of Cancer Research, Medical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - David W Meek
- Division of Cancer Research, Medical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
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Luo J, Liu X. Polo-like kinase 1, on the rise from cell cycle regulation to prostate cancer development. Protein Cell 2012; 3:182-97. [PMID: 22447658 PMCID: PMC4875424 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-012-2020-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1), a well-characterized member of serine/threonine kinases Plk family, has been shown to play pivotal roles in mitosis and cytokinesis in eukaryotic cells. Recent studies suggest that Plk1 not only controls the process of mitosis and cytokinesis, but also, going beyond those previously described functions, plays critical roles in DNA replication and Pten null prostate cancer initiation. In this review, we briefly summarize the functions of Plk1 in mitosis and cytokinesis, and then mainly focus on newly discovered functions of Plk1 in DNA replication and in Pten-null prostate cancer initiation. Furthermore, we briefly introduce the architectures of human and mouse prostate glands and the possible roles of Plk1 in human prostate cancer development. And finally, the newly chemotherapeutic development of small-molecule Plk1 inhibitors to target Plk1 in cancer treatment and their translational studies are also briefly reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jijing Luo
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Xiaoqi Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
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Kong BW, Lee JY, Bottje WG, Lassiter K, Lee J, Foster DN. Genome-wide differential gene expression in immortalized DF-1 chicken embryo fibroblast cell line. BMC Genomics 2011; 12:571. [PMID: 22111699 PMCID: PMC3258366 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-12-571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND When compared to primary chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) cells, the immortal DF-1 CEF line exhibits enhanced growth rates and susceptibility to oxidative stress. Although genes responsible for cell cycle regulation and antioxidant functions have been identified, the genome-wide transcription profile of immortal DF-1 CEF cells has not been previously reported. Global gene expression in primary CEF and DF-1 cells was performed using a 4X44K chicken oligo microarray. RESULTS A total of 3876 differentially expressed genes were identified with a 2 fold level cutoff that included 1706 up-regulated and 2170 down-regulated genes in DF-1 cells. Network and functional analyses using Ingenuity Pathways Analysis (IPA, Ingenuity® Systems, http://www.ingenuity.com) revealed that 902 of 3876 differentially expressed genes were classified into a number of functional groups including cellular growth and proliferation, cell cycle, cellular movement, cancer, genetic disorders, and cell death. Also, the top 5 gene networks with intermolecular connections were identified. Bioinformatic analyses suggested that DF-1 cells were characterized by enhanced molecular mechanisms for cell cycle progression and proliferation, suppressing cell death pathways, altered cellular morphogenesis, and accelerated capacity for molecule transport. Key molecules for these functions include E2F1, BRCA1, SRC, CASP3, and the peroxidases. CONCLUSIONS The global gene expression profiles provide insight into the cellular mechanisms that regulate the unique characteristics observed in immortal DF-1 CEF cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Whi Kong
- Department of Poultry Science, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA.
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