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Kellett DO, Aziz Q, Humphries JD, Korsak A, Braga A, Gutierrez Del Arroyo A, Crescente M, Tinker A, Ackland GL, Gourine AV. Transcriptional response of the heart to vagus nerve stimulation. Physiol Genomics 2024; 56:167-178. [PMID: 38047311 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00095.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is a major clinical problem, with treatments involving medication, devices, and emerging neuromodulation therapies such as vagus nerve stimulation (VNS). Considering the ongoing interest in using VNS to treat cardiovascular disease, it is important to understand the genetic and molecular changes developing in the heart in response to this form of autonomic neuromodulation. This experimental animal (rat) study investigated the immediate transcriptional response of the ventricular myocardium to selective stimulation of vagal efferent activity using an optogenetic approach. Vagal preganglionic neurons in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve were genetically targeted to express light-sensitive chimeric channelrhodopsin variant ChIEF and stimulated using light. RNA sequencing of the left ventricular myocardium identified 294 differentially expressed genes (false discovery rate < 0.05). Qiagen Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) highlighted 118 canonical pathways that were significantly modulated by vagal activity, of which 14 had a z score of ≥2/≤-2, including EIF-2, IL-2, integrin, and NFAT-regulated cardiac hypertrophy. IPA revealed the effect of efferent vagus stimulation on protein synthesis, autophagy, fibrosis, autonomic signaling, inflammation, and hypertrophy. IPA further predicted that the identified differentially expressed genes were the targets of 50 upstream regulators, including transcription factors (e.g., MYC and NRF1) and microRNAs (e.g., miR-335-3p and miR-338-3p). These data demonstrate that the vagus nerve has a major impact on the myocardial expression of genes involved in the regulation of key biological pathways. The transcriptional response of the ventricular myocardium induced by stimulation of vagal efferents is consistent with the beneficial effect of maintained/increased vagal activity on the heart.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This experimental animal study investigated the immediate transcriptional response of the ventricular myocardium to selective stimulation of vagal efferent activity. Vagal stimulation induced significant transcriptional changes in the heart involving the pathways controlling autonomic signaling, inflammation, fibrosis, and hypertrophy. This study provides the first direct evidence that myocardial gene expression is modulated by the activity of the autonomic nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel O Kellett
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Qadeer Aziz
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan D Humphries
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Alla Korsak
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alice Braga
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Gutierrez Del Arroyo
- Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marilena Crescente
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Tinker
- Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth L Ackland
- Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander V Gourine
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Pearsall SM, Williamson SC, Humphrey S, Hughes E, Morgan D, García Marqués FJ, Awanis G, Carroll R, Burks L, Shue YT, Bermudez A, Frese KK, Galvin M, Carter M, Priest L, Kerr A, Zhou C, Oliver TG, Humphries JD, Humphries MJ, Blackhall F, Cannell IG, Pitteri SJ, Hannon GJ, Sage J, Dive C, Simpson KL. Lineage Plasticity in SCLC Generates Non-Neuroendocrine Cells Primed for Vasculogenic Mimicry. J Thorac Oncol 2023; 18:1362-1385. [PMID: 37455012 PMCID: PMC10561473 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2023.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vasculogenic mimicry (VM), the process of tumor cell transdifferentiation to endow endothelial-like characteristics supporting de novo vessel formation, is associated with poor prognosis in several tumor types, including SCLC. In genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) of SCLC, NOTCH, and MYC co-operate to drive a neuroendocrine (NE) to non-NE phenotypic switch, and co-operation between NE and non-NE cells is required for metastasis. Here, we define the phenotype of VM-competent cells and molecular mechanisms underpinning SCLC VM using circulating tumor cell-derived explant (CDX) models and GEMMs. METHODS We analyzed perfusion within VM vessels and their association with NE and non-NE phenotypes using multiplex immunohistochemistry in CDX, GEMMs, and patient biopsies. We evaluated their three-dimensional structure and defined collagen-integrin interactions. RESULTS We found that VM vessels are present in 23/25 CDX models, 2 GEMMs, and in 20 patient biopsies of SCLC. Perfused VM vessels support tumor growth and only NOTCH-active non-NE cells are VM-competent in vivo and ex vivo, expressing pseudohypoxia, blood vessel development, and extracellular matrix organization signatures. On Matrigel, VM-primed non-NE cells remodel extracellular matrix into hollow tubules in an integrin β1-dependent process. CONCLUSIONS We identified VM as an exemplar of functional heterogeneity and plasticity in SCLC and these findings take considerable steps toward understanding the molecular events that enable VM. These results support therapeutic co-targeting of both NE and non-NE cells to curtail SCLC progression and to improve the outcomes of patients with SCLC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Pearsall
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Biomarker Centre, University of Manchester, United Kingdom; Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, United Kingdom; Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart C Williamson
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Biomarker Centre, University of Manchester, United Kingdom; Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, United Kingdom; Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Sam Humphrey
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Biomarker Centre, University of Manchester, United Kingdom; Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, United Kingdom; Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ellyn Hughes
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Biomarker Centre, University of Manchester, United Kingdom; Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, United Kingdom; Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Derrick Morgan
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Biomarker Centre, University of Manchester, United Kingdom; Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, United Kingdom; Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Griselda Awanis
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Biomarker Centre, University of Manchester, United Kingdom; Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, United Kingdom; Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Carroll
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Biomarker Centre, University of Manchester, United Kingdom; Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, United Kingdom; Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Burks
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Biomarker Centre, University of Manchester, United Kingdom; Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, United Kingdom; Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Yan Ting Shue
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Abel Bermudez
- Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford, California
| | - Kristopher K Frese
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Biomarker Centre, University of Manchester, United Kingdom; Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, United Kingdom; Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Melanie Galvin
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Biomarker Centre, University of Manchester, United Kingdom; Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, United Kingdom; Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Mathew Carter
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Biomarker Centre, University of Manchester, United Kingdom; Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, United Kingdom; Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Lynsey Priest
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Biomarker Centre, University of Manchester, United Kingdom; Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, United Kingdom; Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Alastair Kerr
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Biomarker Centre, University of Manchester, United Kingdom; Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, United Kingdom; Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Cong Zhou
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Biomarker Centre, University of Manchester, United Kingdom; Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, United Kingdom; Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Trudy G Oliver
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jonathan D Humphries
- Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Martin J Humphries
- Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Blackhall
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, Manchester, United Kingdom; Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Medical Oncology, Christie Hospital National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ian G Cannell
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sharon J Pitteri
- Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford, California
| | - Gregory J Hannon
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Julien Sage
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Caroline Dive
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Biomarker Centre, University of Manchester, United Kingdom; Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, United Kingdom; Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, Manchester, United Kingdom.
| | - Kathryn L Simpson
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Biomarker Centre, University of Manchester, United Kingdom; Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, United Kingdom; Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Lončarić M, Stojanović N, Rac-Justament A, Coopmans K, Majhen D, Humphries JD, Humphries MJ, Ambriović-Ristov A. Talin2 and KANK2 functionally interact to regulate microtubule dynamics, paclitaxel sensitivity and cell migration in the MDA-MB-435S melanoma cell line. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2023; 28:56. [PMID: 37460977 PMCID: PMC10353188 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-023-00473-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Focal adhesions (FAs) are integrin-containing, multi-protein structures that link intracellular actin to the extracellular matrix and trigger multiple signaling pathways that control cell proliferation, differentiation, survival and motility. Microtubules (MTs) are stabilized in the vicinity of FAs through interaction with the components of the cortical microtubule stabilizing complex (CMSC). KANK (KN motif and ankyrin repeat domains) family proteins within the CMSC, KANK1 or KANK2, bind talin within FAs and thus mediate actin-MT crosstalk. We previously identified in MDA-MB-435S cells, which preferentially use integrin αVβ5 for adhesion, KANK2 as a key molecule enabling the actin-MT crosstalk. KANK2 knockdown also resulted in increased sensitivity to MT poisons, paclitaxel (PTX) and vincristine and reduced migration. Here, we aimed to analyze whether KANK1 has a similar role and to distinguish which talin isoform binds KANK2. METHODS The cell model consisted of human melanoma cell line MDA-MB-435S and stably transfected clone with decreased expression of integrin αV (3αV). For transient knockdown of talin1, talin2, KANK1 or KANK2 we used gene-specific siRNAs transfection. Using previously standardized protocol we isolated integrin adhesion complexes. SDS-PAGE and Western blot was used for protein expression analysis. The immunofluorescence analysis and live cell imaging was done using confocal microscopy. Cell migration was analyzed with Transwell Cell Culture Inserts. Statistical analysis using GraphPad Software consisted of either one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), unpaired Student's t-test or two-way ANOVA analysis. RESULTS We show that KANK1 is not a part of the CMSC associated with integrin αVβ5 FAs and its knockdown did not affect the velocity of MT growth or cell sensitivity to PTX. The talin2 knockdown mimicked KANK2 knockdown i.e. led to the perturbation of actin-MT crosstalk, which is indicated by the increased velocity of MT growth and increased sensitivity to PTX and also reduced migration. CONCLUSION We conclude that KANK2 functionally interacts with talin2 and that the mechanism of increased sensitivity to PTX involves changes in microtubule dynamics. These data elucidate a cell-type-specific role of talin2 and KANK2 isoforms and we propose that talin2 and KANK2 are therefore potential therapeutic targets for improved cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Lončarić
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Signalling, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nikolina Stojanović
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Signalling, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anja Rac-Justament
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Signalling, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Kaatje Coopmans
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Signalling, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dragomira Majhen
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Signalling, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jonathan D Humphries
- Department of Life Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Martin J Humphries
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Andreja Ambriović-Ristov
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Signalling, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Runa F, Tomaneng L, Adamian Y, Cox N, Aquino AF, Wallace M, Gonzalez C, Bhakta K, Hoover M, Wolfenden L, Humphries JD, Humphries MJ, Boyce M, Kelber JA. Abstract 2414: Retinoic acid induced 14 drives pancreatic cancer progression and metastasis. Cancer Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-2414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is associated with very poor outcomes - fewer than 10 percent of patients survive beyond five years after diagnosis. The primary hurdles facing PDAC patients and clinicians are early dissemination, a lack of therapeutic targets and desmoplasia that renders the primary tumor refractory to chemotherapy. In this regard, we have previously reported that pseudopodium-enriched atypical kinase 1 (PEAK1) and integrin α1 (ITGA1) mediate gemcitabine resistance and metastasis in PDAC. To identify new mechanisms of PDAC progression, we mined the Cancer BioPortal and Human Cell Map BioID databases for additional pseudopodium-enriched (PDE) proteins that predict poor patient outcomes, correlate with PEAK1 and ITGA1 expression in PDAC, and interact with PEAK1 and ITGA1. Here, we identify Retinoic Acid Induced 14 (RAI14, Ankycorbin or NORPEG) as a new candidate driver of PDAC that is a constituent of the KRasG12D PDAC cell autonomous phosphoproteome, localizes to cytoskeleton/adhesion domains in PDAC cells and correlates in expression with ITGA1-binding collagens in PDAC. Knockdown or knockout of RAI14 in KRas mutant PDAC cells impaired adhesion-dependent proliferation/survival in vitro and tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. Single cell cyclic immunofluorescence (CycIF) further revealed that RAI14 supports a subpopulation of PDAC cells positive for proliferation, epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and antiapoptotic programs. By using a RAI14-focused bioinformatics pipeline in combination with proteomic and immunofluorescence data on the composition of ITGA1-dependent adhesion complexes in PDAC cells, we identified Polo-Like Kinase 1 (PLK1) as a candidate that may control RAI14 function and adhesion-regulated mitosis during PDAC progression. Notably, the potency of volasertib, a PLK1-specific inhibitor, was reduced in RAI14 knockout cells, supporting a model in which RAI14 mediates adhesion-dependent PLK1 functions in PDAC. Taken together, these studies uncover a mechanism for RAI14-driven PDAC progression and the development of strategies to increase chemotherapy sensitivity, reduce primary/metastatic tumor burden and improve patient outcomes.
Citation Format: Farhana Runa, Luke Tomaneng, Yvess Adamian, Nathan Cox, Albert-Fred Aquino, Matthew Wallace, Carolina Gonzalez, Kishan Bhakta, Malachia Hoover, Laurelin Wolfenden, Jonathan D. Humphries, Martin J. Humphries, Michael Boyce, Jonathan A. Kelber. Retinoic acid induced 14 drives pancreatic cancer progression and metastasis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 2414.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhana Runa
- 1California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA
| | - Luke Tomaneng
- 1California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA
| | - Yvess Adamian
- 1California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA
| | | | | | | | | | - Kishan Bhakta
- 1California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA
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Humphries JD, Zha J, Burns J, Askari JA, Below CR, Chastney MR, Jones MC, Mironov A, Knight D, O'Reilly DA, Dunne MJ, Garrod DR, Jorgensen C, Humphries MJ. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells employ integrin α6β4 to form hemidesmosomes and regulate cell proliferation. Matrix Biol 2022; 110:16-39. [PMID: 35405272 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2022.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a dismal prognosis due to its aggressive progression, late detection and lack of druggable driver mutations, which often combine to result in unsuitability for surgical intervention. Together with activating mutations of the small GTPase KRas, which are found in over 90% of PDAC tumours, a contributory factor for PDAC tumour progression is formation of a rigid extracellular matrix (ECM) and associated desmoplasia. This response leads to aberrant integrin signalling, and accelerated proliferation and invasion. To identify the integrin adhesion systems that operate in PDAC, we analysed a range of pancreatic ductal epithelial cell models using 2D, 3D and organoid culture systems. Proteomic analysis of isolated integrin receptor complexes from human pancreatic ductal epithelial (HPDE) cells predominantly identified integrin α6β4 and hemidesmosome components, rather than classical focal adhesion components. Electron microscopy, together with immunofluorescence, confirmed the formation of hemidesmosomes by HPDE cells, both in 2D and 3D culture systems. Similar results were obtained for the human PDAC cell line, SUIT-2. Analysis of HPDE cell secreted proteins and cell-derived matrices (CDM) demonstrated that HPDE cells secrete a range of laminin subunits and form a hemidesmosome-specific, laminin 332-enriched ECM. Expression of mutant KRas (G12V) did not affect hemidesmosome composition or formation by HPDE cells. Cell-ECM contacts formed by mouse and human PDAC organoids were also assessed by electron microscopy. Organoids generated from both the PDAC KPC mouse model and human patient-derived PDAC tissue displayed features of acinar-ductal cell polarity, and hemidesmosomes were visible proximal to prominent basement membranes. Furthermore, electron microscopy identified hemidesmosomes in normal human pancreas. Depletion of integrin β4 reduced cell proliferation in both SUIT-2 and HPDE cells, reduced the number of SUIT-2 cells in S-phase, and induced G1 cell cycle arrest, suggesting a requirement for α6β4-mediated adhesion for cell cycle progression and growth. Taken together, these data suggest that laminin-binding adhesion mechanisms in general, and hemidesmosome-mediated adhesion in particular, may be under-appreciated in the context of PDAC. Proteomic data are available via ProteomeXchange with the identifiers PXD027803, PXD027823 and PXD027827.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Humphries
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Junzhe Zha
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Jessica Burns
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Janet A Askari
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Christopher R Below
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Cheshire SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Megan R Chastney
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Matthew C Jones
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Aleksandr Mironov
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility (RRID: SCR_021147), Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - David Knight
- Biological Mass Spectrometry Core Facility (RRID: SCR_020987), Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Derek A O'Reilly
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9WL, UK; Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Mark J Dunne
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - David R Garrod
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Claus Jorgensen
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Cheshire SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Martin J Humphries
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
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Below CR, Kelly J, Brown A, Humphries JD, Hutton C, Xu J, Lee BY, Cintas C, Zhang X, Hernandez-Gordillo V, Stockdale L, Goldsworthy MA, Geraghty J, Foster L, O'Reilly DA, Schedding B, Askari J, Burns J, Hodson N, Smith DL, Lally C, Ashton G, Knight D, Mironov A, Banyard A, Eble JA, Morton JP, Humphries MJ, Griffith LG, Jørgensen C. A microenvironment-inspired synthetic three-dimensional model for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma organoids. Nat Mater 2022; 21:110-119. [PMID: 34518665 PMCID: PMC7612137 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-021-01085-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Experimental in vitro models that capture pathophysiological characteristics of human tumours are essential for basic and translational cancer biology. Here, we describe a fully synthetic hydrogel extracellular matrix designed to elicit key phenotypic traits of the pancreatic environment in culture. To enable the growth of normal and cancerous pancreatic organoids from genetically engineered murine models and human patients, essential adhesive cues were empirically defined and replicated in the hydrogel scaffold, revealing a functional role of laminin-integrin α3/α6 signalling in establishment and survival of pancreatic organoids. Altered tissue stiffness-a hallmark of pancreatic cancer-was recapitulated in culture by adjusting the hydrogel properties to engage mechano-sensing pathways and alter organoid growth. Pancreatic stromal cells were readily incorporated into the hydrogels and replicated phenotypic traits characteristic of the tumour environment in vivo. This model therefore recapitulates a pathologically remodelled tumour microenvironment for studies of normal and pancreatic cancer cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Below
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Joanna Kelly
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Alexander Brown
- Centre for Gynepathology Research, Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan D Humphries
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Life Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Colin Hutton
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jingshu Xu
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Brian Y Lee
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Celia Cintas
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Victor Hernandez-Gordillo
- Centre for Gynepathology Research, Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Linda Stockdale
- Centre for Gynepathology Research, Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Barbara Schedding
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Janet Askari
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jessica Burns
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Nigel Hodson
- BioAFM Laboratory, Bioimaging Core Facility, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Duncan L Smith
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Catherine Lally
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Garry Ashton
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - David Knight
- Biological Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Aleksandr Mironov
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Antonia Banyard
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Johannes A Eble
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Jennifer P Morton
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Martin J Humphries
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Linda G Griffith
- Centre for Gynepathology Research, Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Claus Jørgensen
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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Tadijan A, Humphries JD, Samaržija I, Stojanović N, Zha J, Čuljak K, Tomić M, Paradžik M, Nestić D, Kang H, Humphries MJ, Ambriović-Ristov A. The Tongue Squamous Carcinoma Cell Line Cal27 Primarily Employs Integrin α6β4-Containing Type II Hemidesmosomes for Adhesion Which Contribute to Anticancer Drug Sensitivity. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:786758. [PMID: 34977030 PMCID: PMC8716755 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.786758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins are heterodimeric cell surface glycoproteins used by cells to bind to the extracellular matrix (ECM) and regulate tumor cell proliferation, migration and survival. A causative relationship between integrin expression and resistance to anticancer drugs has been demonstrated in different tumors, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Using a Cal27 tongue squamous cell carcinoma model, we have previously demonstrated that de novo expression of integrin αVβ3 confers resistance to several anticancer drugs (cisplatin, mitomycin C and doxorubicin) through a mechanism involving downregulation of active Src, increased cell migration and invasion. In the integrin αVβ3 expressing Cal27-derived cell clone 2B1, αVβ5 expression was also increased, but unrelated to drug resistance. To identify the integrin adhesion complex (IAC) components that contribute to the changes in Cal27 and 2B1 cell adhesion and anticancer drug resistance, we isolated IACs from both cell lines. Mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics analysis indicated that both cell lines preferentially, but not exclusively, use integrin α6β4, which is classically found in hemidesmosomes. The anticancer drug resistant cell clone 2B1 demonstrated an increased level of α6β4 accompanied with increased deposition of a laminin-332-containing ECM. Immunofluorescence and electron microscopy demonstrated the formation of type II hemidesmosomes by both cell types. Furthermore, suppression of α6β4 expression in both lines conferred resistance to anticancer drugs through a mechanism independent of αVβ3, which implies that the cell clone 2B1 would have been even more resistant had the upregulation of α6β4 not occurred. Taken together, our results identify a key role for α6β4-containing type II hemidesmosomes in regulating anticancer drug sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Tadijan
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Signalling, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
- Laboratory for Protein Dynamics, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jonathan D. Humphries
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ivana Samaržija
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Signalling, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
- Laboratory for Epigenomics, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nikolina Stojanović
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Signalling, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Junzhe Zha
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Kristina Čuljak
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Signalling, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marija Tomić
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Signalling, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mladen Paradžik
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Signalling, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Davor Nestić
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Signalling, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Heemin Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Martin J. Humphries
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Andreja Ambriović-Ristov
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Signalling, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
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Gough RE, Jones MC, Zacharchenko T, Le S, Yu M, Jacquemet G, Muench SP, Yan J, Humphries JD, Jørgensen C, Humphries MJ, Goult BT. Talin mechanosensitivity is modulated by a direct interaction with cyclin-dependent kinase-1. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:100837. [PMID: 34118235 PMCID: PMC8260872 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Talin (TLN1) is a mechanosensitive component of adhesion complexes that directly couples integrins to the actin cytoskeleton. In response to force, talin undergoes switch-like behavior of its multiple rod domains that modulate interactions with its binding partners. Cyclin-dependent kinase-1 (CDK1) is a key regulator of the cell cycle, exerting its effects through synchronized phosphorylation of a large number of protein targets. CDK1 activity maintains adhesion during interphase, and its inhibition is a prerequisite for the tightly choreographed changes in cell shape and adhesion that are required for successful mitosis. Using a combination of biochemical, structural, and cell biological approaches, we demonstrate a direct interaction between talin and CDK1 that occurs at sites of integrin-mediated adhesion. Mutagenesis demonstrated that CDK1 contains a functional talin-binding LD motif, and the binding site within talin was pinpointed to helical bundle R8. Talin also contains a consensus CDK1 phosphorylation motif centered on S1589, a site shown to be phosphorylated by CDK1 in vitro. A phosphomimetic mutant of this site within talin lowered the binding affinity of the cytoskeletal adaptor KANK and weakened the response of this region to force as measured by single molecule stretching, potentially altering downstream mechanotransduction pathways. The direct binding of the master cell cycle regulator CDK1 to the primary integrin effector talin represents a coupling of cell proliferation and cell adhesion machineries and thereby indicates a mechanism by which the microenvironment can control cell division in multicellular organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew C Jones
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Thomas Zacharchenko
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Shimin Le
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Miao Yu
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Guillaume Jacquemet
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology Department, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland; Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Ste P Muench
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Astbury Centre for Structural Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Jie Yan
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jonathan D Humphries
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Claus Jørgensen
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Martin J Humphries
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Benjamin T Goult
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, UK.
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Tadijan A, Samaržija I, Humphries JD, Humphries MJ, Ambriović-Ristov A. KANK family proteins in cancer. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2021; 131:105903. [PMID: 33309958 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2020.105903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The Kank (kidney or KN motif and ankyrin repeat domain-containing) family of proteins has been described as essential for crosstalk between actin and microtubules. Kank1, 2, 3 and 4 arose by gene duplication and diversification and share conserved structural domains. KANK proteins are localised mainly to the plasma membrane in focal adhesions, indirectly affecting RhoA and Rac1 thus regulating actin cytoskeleton. In addition, Kank proteins are part of the cortical microtubule stabilisation complex regulating microtubules. Most of the data have been collected for Kank1 protein whose expression promotes apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest while Kank3 was identified as hypoxia-inducible proapoptotic target of p53. A discrepancy in Kanks role in regulation of cell migration and sensitivity to antitumour drugs has been observed in different cell models. Since expression of Kank1 and 3 correlate positively with tumour progression and patient outcome, at least in some tumour types, they are candidates for tumour suppressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Tadijan
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Signalling, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia; Laboratory for Protein Dynamics, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Samaržija
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Signalling, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia; Laboratory for Epigenomics, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jonathan D Humphries
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, England, UK
| | - Martin J Humphries
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, England, UK
| | - Andreja Ambriović-Ristov
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Signalling, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
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10
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Hosawi SB, Humphries JD, Coward RJ, Knight D, Humphries MJ, Lennon R. Global proteomic analysis of insulin receptor interactors in glomerular podocytes. Wellcome Open Res 2020; 5:202. [PMID: 33458251 PMCID: PMC7788524 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16072.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Insulin signalling contributes to diverse cellular activities including protein synthesis, proliferation and cell survival. Insulin resistance describes the inability of cells to activate the insulin signalling pathway effectively; leading to pathological effects in multiple organ systems including the kidney. In diabetic kidney disease, there is progressive glomerular dysfunction and recent studies have demonstrated that the kidney podocyte is a direct target for insulin action. In this study we defined the literature-based insulin receptor (INSR) interactome and utilised an unbiased proteomic approach to examine INSR interactors in podocytes. Methods: Human podocytes expressing the INSR were characterised under basal and insulin resistant conditions. The INSR was isolated by whole cell immunoprecipitation following a time course stimulation of 2, 7, and 15 minutes with of 100nM insulin. The resulting INSR complexes were analysed by label-free mass spectrometry (MS) to detect protein interactors. Results: We identified 27 known, direct INSR interactors in addition to novel interactors including doublecortin domain-containing protein 2 (DCDC2). The interaction of DCDC2 with the INSR was confirmed by immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence, and under insulin resistant conditions, DCDC2 had increased association with the INSR. siRNA knockdown of DCDC2 in podocytes resulted in cell morphological change and altered INSR localisation. Conclusion: This study provides insight into the complexity of INSR interactors in podocytes and highlights DCDC2 as a novel INSR binding protein. Involvement of this novel interactor in insulin signalling and podocyte biology may explain how insulin resistance alters morphology and integrity of the glomerular filtration barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salman B. Hosawi
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jonathan D. Humphries
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | | | - David Knight
- Biomolecular Analysis Core Facility, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Martin J. Humphries
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Rachel Lennon
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
- Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Royal Manchester Children’s Hospital, Manchester, UK
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11
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Chastney MR, Lawless C, Humphries JD, Warwood S, Jones MC, Knight D, Jorgensen C, Humphries MJ. Topological features of integrin adhesion complexes revealed by multiplexed proximity biotinylation. J Cell Biol 2020; 219:e202003038. [PMID: 32585685 PMCID: PMC7401799 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202003038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin adhesion complexes (IACs) bridge the extracellular matrix to the actin cytoskeleton and transduce signals in response to both chemical and mechanical cues. The composition, interactions, stoichiometry, and topological organization of proteins within IACs are not fully understood. To address this gap, we used multiplexed proximity biotinylation (BioID) to generate an in situ, proximity-dependent adhesome in mouse pancreatic fibroblasts. Integration of the interactomes of 16 IAC-associated baits revealed a network of 147 proteins with 361 proximity interactions. Candidates with underappreciated roles in adhesion were identified, in addition to established IAC components. Bioinformatic analysis revealed five clusters of IAC baits that link to common groups of prey, and which therefore may represent functional modules. The five clusters, and their spatial associations, are consistent with current models of IAC interaction networks and stratification. This study provides a resource to examine proximal relationships within IACs at a global level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan R. Chastney
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Craig Lawless
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jonathan D. Humphries
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Stacey Warwood
- Biological Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Matthew C. Jones
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - David Knight
- Biological Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Claus Jorgensen
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Manchester, UK
| | - Martin J. Humphries
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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12
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Randles MJ, Lausecker F, Humphries JD, Byron A, Clark SJ, Miner JH, Zent R, Humphries MJ, Lennon R. Basement membrane ligands initiate distinct signalling networks to direct cell shape. Matrix Biol 2020; 90:61-78. [PMID: 32147508 PMCID: PMC7327512 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2020.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cells have evolved mechanisms to sense the composition of their adhesive microenvironment. Although much is known about general mechanisms employed by adhesion receptors to relay signals between the extracellular environment and the cytoskeleton, the nuances of ligand-specific signalling remain undefined. Here, we investigated how glomerular podocytes, and four other basement membrane-associated cell types, respond morphologically to different basement membrane ligands. We defined the composition of the respective adhesion complexes using mass spectrometry-based proteomics. On type IV collagen, all epithelial cell types adopted a round morphology, with a single lamellipodium and large adhesion complexes rich in actin-binding proteins. On laminin (511 or 521), all cell types attached to a similar degree but were polygonal in shape with small adhesion complexes enriched in endocytic and microtubule-binding proteins. Consistent with their distinctive morphologies, cells on type IV collagen exhibited high Rac1 activity, while those on laminin had elevated PKCα. Perturbation of PKCα was able to interchange morphology consistent with a key role for this pathway in matrix ligand-specific signalling. Therefore, this study defines the switchable basement membrane adhesome and highlights two key signalling pathways within the systems that determine distinct cell morphologies. Proteomic data are availableviaProteomeXchange with identifier PXD017913.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Randles
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Franziska Lausecker
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Jonathan D Humphries
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Adam Byron
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Simon J Clark
- Universitäts-Augenklinik Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Germany; The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jeffrey H Miner
- Renal Division, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Roy Zent
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Martin J Humphries
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Rachel Lennon
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK; Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.
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Samaržija I, Dekanić A, Humphries JD, Paradžik M, Stojanović N, Humphries MJ, Ambriović-Ristov A. Integrin Crosstalk Contributes to the Complexity of Signalling and Unpredictable Cancer Cell Fates. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1910. [PMID: 32679769 PMCID: PMC7409212 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins are heterodimeric cell surface receptors composed of α and β subunits that control adhesion, proliferation and gene expression. The integrin heterodimer binding to ligand reorganises the cytoskeletal networks and triggers multiple signalling pathways that can cause changes in cell cycle, proliferation, differentiation, survival and motility. In addition, integrins have been identified as targets for many different diseases, including cancer. Integrin crosstalk is a mechanism by which a change in the expression of a certain integrin subunit or the activation of an integrin heterodimer may interfere with the expression and/or activation of other integrin subunit(s) in the very same cell. Here, we review the evidence for integrin crosstalk in a range of cellular systems, with a particular emphasis on cancer. We describe the molecular mechanisms of integrin crosstalk, the effects of cell fate determination, and the contribution of crosstalk to therapeutic outcomes. Our intention is to raise awareness of integrin crosstalk events such that the contribution of the phenomenon can be taken into account when researching the biological or pathophysiological roles of integrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Samaržija
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Signalling, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.S.); (M.P.); (N.S.)
| | - Ana Dekanić
- Laboratory for Protein Dynamics, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Jonathan D. Humphries
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; (J.D.H.); (M.J.H.)
| | - Mladen Paradžik
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Signalling, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.S.); (M.P.); (N.S.)
| | - Nikolina Stojanović
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Signalling, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.S.); (M.P.); (N.S.)
| | - Martin J. Humphries
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; (J.D.H.); (M.J.H.)
| | - Andreja Ambriović-Ristov
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Signalling, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.S.); (M.P.); (N.S.)
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14
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Paradžik M, Humphries JD, Stojanović N, Nestić D, Majhen D, Dekanić A, Samaržija I, Sedda D, Weber I, Humphries MJ, Ambriović-Ristov A. KANK2 Links αVβ5 Focal Adhesions to Microtubules and Regulates Sensitivity to Microtubule Poisons and Cell Migration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:125. [PMID: 32195252 PMCID: PMC7063070 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins are heterodimeric glycoproteins that bind cells to extracellular matrix. Upon integrin clustering, multimolecular integrin adhesion complexes (IACs) are formed, creating links to the cell cytoskeleton. We have previously observed decreased cell migration and increased sensitivity to microtubule (MT) poisons, paclitaxel and vincristine, in the melanoma cell line MDA-MB-435S upon transfection with integrin αV-specific siRNA, suggesting a link between adhesion and drug sensitivity. To elucidate the underlying mechanism, we determined αV-dependent changes in IAC composition. Using mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics, we analyzed the components of isolated IACs of MDA-MB-435S cells and two MDA-MB-435S-derived integrin αV-specific shRNA-expressing cell clones with decreased expression of integrin αV. MS analysis showed that cells preferentially use integrin αVβ5 for the formation of IACs. The differential analysis between MDA-MB-435S cells and clones with decreased expression of integrin αV identified key components of integrin αVβ5 adhesion complexes as talins 1 and 2, α-actinins 1 and 4, filamins A and B, plectin and vinculin. The data also revealed decreased levels of several components of the cortical microtubule stabilization complex, which recruits MTs to adhesion sites (notably liprins α and β, ELKS, LL5β, MACF1, KANK1, and KANK2), following αV knockdown. KANK2 knockdown in MDA-MB-435S cells mimicked the effect of integrin αV knockdown and resulted in increased sensitivity to MT poisons and decreased migration. Taken together, we conclude that KANK2 is a key molecule linking integrin αVβ5 IACs to MTs, and enabling the actin-MT crosstalk that is important for both sensitivity to MT poisons and cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mladen Paradžik
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Signalling, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jonathan D. Humphries
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Nikolina Stojanović
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Signalling, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Davor Nestić
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Signalling, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dragomira Majhen
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Signalling, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Dekanić
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Signalling, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Samaržija
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Signalling, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Delphine Sedda
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Signalling, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Igor Weber
- Laboratory of Cell Biophysics, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Martin J. Humphries
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Andreja Ambriović-Ristov
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Signalling, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
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15
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Lock JG, Baschieri F, Jones MC, Humphries JD, Montagnac G, Strömblad S, Humphries MJ. Clathrin-containing adhesion complexes. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:2086-2095. [PMID: 31208994 PMCID: PMC6605790 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201811160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
An understanding of the mechanisms whereby cell adhesion complexes (ACs) relay signals bidirectionally across the plasma membrane is necessary to interpret the role of adhesion in regulating migration, differentiation, and growth. A range of AC types has been defined, but to date all have similar compositions and are dependent on a connection to the actin cytoskeleton. Recently, a new class of AC has been reported that normally lacks association with both the cytoskeleton and integrin-associated adhesome components, but is rich in components of the clathrin-mediated endocytosis machinery. The characterization of this new type of adhesion structure, which is emphasized by mitotic cells and cells in long-term culture, identifies a hitherto underappreciated link between the adhesion machinery and clathrin structures at the plasma membrane. While this discovery has implications for how ACs are assembled and disassembled, it raises many other issues. Consequently, to increase awareness within the field, and stimulate research, we explore a number of the most significant questions below.
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Affiliation(s)
- John G Lock
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Francesco Baschieri
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1170, Gustave Roussy Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Matthew C Jones
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jonathan D Humphries
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Guillaume Montagnac
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1170, Gustave Roussy Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Staffan Strömblad
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Martin J Humphries
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Humphries JD, Chastney MR, Askari JA, Humphries MJ. Signal transduction via integrin adhesion complexes. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2019; 56:14-21. [PMID: 30195153 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Integrin adhesion complexes (IACs) have evolved over millions of years to integrate metazoan cells physically with their microenvironment. It is presumed that the simultaneous interaction of thousands of integrin receptors to binding sites in anisotropic extracellular matrix (ECM) networks enables cells to assemble a topological description of the chemical and mechanical properties of their surroundings. This information is then converted into intracellular signals that influence cell positioning, differentiation and growth, but may also influence other fundamental processes, such as protein synthesis and energy regulation. In this way, changes in the microenvironment can influence all aspects of cell phenotype. Current concepts envisage cell fate decisions being controlled by the integrated signalling output of myriad receptor clusters, but the mechanisms are not understood. Analyses of the adhesome, the complement of proteins attracted to the vicinity of IACs, are now providing insights into some of the primordial links connecting these processes. This article reviews recent advances in our understanding of the composition of IACs, the mechanisms used to transduce signals through these junctions, and the links between IACs and cell phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Humphries
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Megan R Chastney
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Janet A Askari
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Martin J Humphries
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
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Jones MC, Askari JA, Humphries JD, Humphries MJ. Cell adhesion is regulated by CDK1 during the cell cycle. J Cell Biol 2018; 217:3203-3218. [PMID: 29930204 PMCID: PMC6122981 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201802088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In most tissues, anchorage-dependent growth and cell cycle progression are dependent on cells engaging extracellular matrices (ECMs) via integrin-receptor adhesion complexes. In a highly conserved manner, cells disassemble adhesion complexes, round up, and retract from their surroundings before division, suggestive of a primordial link between the cell cycle machinery and the regulation of cell adhesion to the ECM. In this study, we demonstrate that cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) mediates this link. CDK1, in complex with cyclin A2, promotes adhesion complex and actin cytoskeleton organization during interphase and mediates a large increase in adhesion complex area as cells transition from G1 into S. Adhesion complex area decreases in G2, and disassembly occurs several hours before mitosis. This loss requires elevated cyclin B1 levels and is caused by inhibitory phosphorylation of CDK1-cyclin complexes. The inactivation of CDK1 is therefore the trigger that initiates remodeling of adhesion complexes and the actin cytoskeleton in preparation for rapid entry into mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Jones
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, England, UK
| | - Janet A Askari
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, England, UK
| | - Jonathan D Humphries
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, England, UK
| | - Martin J Humphries
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, England, UK
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18
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Humphries JD, Jarosz PA. 1047 SLEEP DISTURBANCE AND THE IMMUNOLOGICAL ACUTE PHASE RESPONSE IN POSTOPERATIVE HOSPITALIZED ADULTS. Sleep 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/sleepj/zsx050.1046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Robertson J, Humphries JD, Paul NR, Warwood S, Knight D, Byron A, Humphries MJ. Characterization of the Phospho-Adhesome by Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomics. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1636:235-251. [PMID: 28730483 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7154-1_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Integrin adhesion receptors engage with their extracellular matrix (ECM) ligands, initiating intracellular signaling pathways that regulate a range of fundamental cell functions. Protein kinases and phosphatases play an integral role in integrin adhesion-mediated signaling. However, until recently, knowledge of the phosphorylation sites regulated downstream of integrin ligation was limited to candidate-based approaches and did not support a system-level understanding of the molecular mechanisms through which ECM engagement influences cell behavior. Here, we describe a mass spectrometry (MS)-based phosphoproteomic protocol that enables the global characterization of phosphorylation-based signaling networks activated by integrin-mediated adhesion. To analyze specifically integrin-proximal signaling, the phosphoproteomic workflow involves the affinity-based isolation and analysis of integrin-associated complexes (IACs) rather than proteins solubilized from whole-cell lysates , which are typically used for global phosphoproteomic studies. The detection of phosphorylation sites from IAC proteins was optimized at various stages of the workflow, including IAC isolation, proteolytic digestion, and MS-based data acquisition strategies. The protocol permits the identification and quantification of IAC components by both Western blotting and MS. Notably, compared to phosphoproteomic analyses of cell lysates, the workflow described here enables an improved detection of phosphorylation sites from well-defined IAC proteins, including many known components of the signaling pathways activated by adhesion to the ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Robertson
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, 0027, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jonathan D Humphries
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Nikki R Paul
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Stacey Warwood
- Biological Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - David Knight
- Biological Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Adam Byron
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
- Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Martin J Humphries
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
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Abstract
The adhesion nexus is the site at which integrin receptors bridge intracellular cytoskeletal and extracellular matrix networks. The connection between integrins and the cytoskeleton is mediated by a dynamic integrin adhesion complex (IAC), the components of which transduce chemical and mechanical signals to control a multitude of cellular functions. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster, we integrate the consensus adhesome, a set of 60 proteins that have been most commonly identified in isolated IAC proteomes, with the literature-curated adhesome, a theoretical network that has been assembled through scholarly analysis of proteins that localise to IACs. The resulting IAC network, which comprises four broad signalling and actin-bridging axes, provides a platform for future studies of the regulation and function of the adhesion nexus in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward R Horton
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Jonathan D Humphries
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Jenny James
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Matthew C Jones
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Janet A Askari
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Martin J Humphries
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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Horton ER, Humphries JD, Stutchbury B, Jacquemet G, Ballestrem C, Barry ST, Humphries MJ. Modulation of FAK and Src adhesion signaling occurs independently of adhesion complex composition. J Cell Biol 2016; 212:349-64. [PMID: 26833789 PMCID: PMC4739608 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201508080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrin adhesion complexes (IACs) form mechanochemical connections between the extracellular matrix and actin cytoskeleton and mediate phenotypic responses via posttranslational modifications. Here, we investigate the modularity and robustness of the IAC network to pharmacological perturbation of the key IAC signaling components focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and Src. FAK inhibition using AZ13256675 blocked FAK(Y397) phosphorylation but did not alter IAC composition, as reported by mass spectrometry. IAC composition was also insensitive to Src inhibition using AZD0530 alone or in combination with FAK inhibition. In contrast, kinase inhibition substantially reduced phosphorylation within IACs, cell migration and proliferation. Furthermore using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, we found that FAK inhibition increased the exchange rate of a phosphotyrosine (pY) reporter (dSH2) at IACs. These data demonstrate that kinase-dependent signal propagation through IACs is independent of gross changes in IAC composition. Together, these findings demonstrate a general separation between the composition of IACs and their ability to relay pY-dependent signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward R Horton
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, England, UK
| | - Jonathan D Humphries
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, England, UK
| | - Ben Stutchbury
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, England, UK
| | - Guillaume Jacquemet
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, England, UK
| | - Christoph Ballestrem
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, England, UK
| | - Simon T Barry
- Oncology iMed, AstraZeneca, Cheshire SK10 4TG, England, UK
| | - Martin J Humphries
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, England, UK
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Horton ER, Byron A, Askari JA, Ng DHJ, Millon-Frémillon A, Robertson J, Koper EJ, Paul NR, Warwood S, Knight D, Humphries JD, Humphries MJ. Definition of a consensus integrin adhesome and its dynamics during adhesion complex assembly and disassembly. Nat Cell Biol 2015; 17:1577-1587. [PMID: 26479319 PMCID: PMC4663675 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 365] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Integrin receptor activation initiates the formation of integrin adhesion complexes (IACs) at the cell membrane that transduce adhesion-dependent signals to control a multitude of cellular functions. Proteomic analyses of isolated IACs have revealed an unanticipated molecular complexity; however, a global view of the consensus composition and dynamics of IACs is lacking. Here, we have integrated several IAC proteomes and generated a 2,412-protein integrin adhesome. Analysis of this data set reveals the functional diversity of proteins in IACs and establishes a consensus adhesome of 60 proteins. The consensus adhesome is likely to represent a core cell adhesion machinery, centred around four axes comprising ILK-PINCH-kindlin, FAK-paxillin, talin-vinculin and α-actinin-zyxin-VASP, and includes underappreciated IAC components such as Rsu-1 and caldesmon. Proteomic quantification of IAC assembly and disassembly detailed the compositional dynamics of the core cell adhesion machinery. The definition of this consensus view of integrin adhesome components provides a resource for the research community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward R. Horton
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Adam Byron
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
- Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Janet A. Askari
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Daniel H. J. Ng
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Angélique Millon-Frémillon
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Joseph Robertson
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Ewa J. Koper
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Nikki R. Paul
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Stacey Warwood
- Biological Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - David Knight
- Biological Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Jonathan D. Humphries
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Martin J. Humphries
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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Ajeian JN, Horton ER, Astudillo P, Byron A, Askari JA, Millon-Frémillon A, Knight D, Kimber SJ, Humphries MJ, Humphries JD. Proteomic analysis of integrin-associated complexes from mesenchymal stem cells. Proteomics Clin Appl 2015; 10:51-7. [PMID: 26147903 PMCID: PMC4737105 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201500033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the capability to differentiate down adipocyte, osteocyte and chondrocyte lineages and as such offer a range of potential therapeutic applications. The composition and stiffness of the extracellular matrix (ECM) environment that surrounds cells dictates their transcriptional programme, thereby affecting stem cell lineage decision‐making. Cells sense force via linkages between themselves and their microenvironment, and this is transmitted by integrin receptors and associated adhesion signalling complexes. To identify regulators of MSC force sensing, we sought to catalogue MSC integrin‐associated adhesion complex composition. Experimental design Adhesion complexes formed by MSCs plated on the ECM ligand fibronectin were isolated and characterised by MS. Identified proteins were interrogated by comparison to a literature‐based reference set of cell adhesion‐related components and using ontological and protein–protein interaction network analyses. Results Adhesion complex‐specific proteins in MSCs were identified that comprised predominantly cell adhesion‐related adaptors and actin cytoskeleton regulators. Furthermore, LIM domain‐containing proteins in MSC adhesion complexes were highlighted, which may act as force‐sensing components. Conclusion and clinical relevance These data provide a valuable resource of information regarding the molecular connections that link integrins and adhesion signalling in MSCs, and as such may present novel opportunities for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jila N Ajeian
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Edward R Horton
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Pablo Astudillo
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Adam Byron
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Janet A Askari
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Angélique Millon-Frémillon
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - David Knight
- Biological Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Susan J Kimber
- North West Embryonic Stem Cell Centre, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Martin J Humphries
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jonathan D Humphries
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Randles MJ, Woolf AS, Huang JL, Byron A, Humphries JD, Price KL, Kolatsi-Joannou M, Collinson S, Denny T, Knight D, Mironov A, Starborg T, Korstanje R, Humphries MJ, Long DA, Lennon R. Genetic Background is a Key Determinant of Glomerular Extracellular Matrix Composition and Organization. J Am Soc Nephrol 2015; 26:3021-34. [PMID: 25896609 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2014040419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Glomerular disease often features altered histologic patterns of extracellular matrix (ECM). Despite this, the potential complexities of the glomerular ECM in both health and disease are poorly understood. To explore whether genetic background and sex determine glomerular ECM composition, we investigated two mouse strains, FVB and B6, using RNA microarrays of isolated glomeruli combined with proteomic glomerular ECM analyses. These studies, undertaken in healthy young adult animals, revealed unique strain- and sex-dependent glomerular ECM signatures, which correlated with variations in levels of albuminuria and known predisposition to progressive nephropathy. Among the variation, we observed changes in netrin 4, fibroblast growth factor 2, tenascin C, collagen 1, meprin 1-α, and meprin 1-β. Differences in protein abundance were validated by quantitative immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis, and the collective differences were not explained by mutations in known ECM or glomerular disease genes. Within the distinct signatures, we discovered a core set of structural ECM proteins that form multiple protein-protein interactions and are conserved from mouse to man. Furthermore, we found striking ultrastructural changes in glomerular basement membranes in FVB mice. Pathway analysis of merged transcriptomic and proteomic datasets identified potential ECM regulatory pathways involving inhibition of matrix metalloproteases, liver X receptor/retinoid X receptor, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, notch, and cyclin-dependent kinase 5. These pathways may therefore alter ECM and confer susceptibility to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Randles
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian S Woolf
- Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer L Huang
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Program, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Byron
- Edinburgh Cancer Research United Kingdom Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; and
| | - Jonathan D Humphries
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Karen L Price
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Program, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Kolatsi-Joannou
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Program, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie Collinson
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Denny
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - David Knight
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Aleksandr Mironov
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Toby Starborg
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Martin J Humphries
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - David A Long
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Program, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Lennon
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom;
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Jones MC, Humphries JD, Byron A, Millon-Frémillon A, Robertson J, Paul NR, Ng DHJ, Askari JA, Humphries MJ. Isolation of integrin-based adhesion complexes. Curr Protoc Cell Biol 2015; 66:9.8.1-9.8.15. [PMID: 25727331 PMCID: PMC4402726 DOI: 10.1002/0471143030.cb0908s66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The integration of cells with their extracellular environment is facilitated by cell surface adhesion receptors, such as integrins, which play important roles in both normal development and the onset of pathologies. Engagement of integrins with their ligands in the extracellular matrix, or counter-receptors on other cells, initiates the intracellular assembly of a wide variety of proteins into adhesion complexes such as focal contacts, focal adhesions, and fibrillar adhesions. The proteins recruited to these complexes mediate bidirectional signaling across the plasma membrane, and, as such, help to coordinate and/or modulate the multitude of physical and chemical signals to which the cell is subjected. The protocols in this unit describe two approaches for the isolation or enrichment of proteins contained within integrin-associated adhesion complexes, together with their local plasma membrane/cytosolic environments, from cells in culture. In the first protocol, integrin-associated adhesion structures are affinity isolated using microbeads coated with extracellular ligands or antibodies. The second protocol describes the isolation of ventral membrane preparations that are enriched for adhesion complex structures. The protocols permit the determination of adhesion complex components via subsequent downstream analysis by western blotting or mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C. Jones
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan D. Humphries
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Byron
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Angelique Millon-Frémillon
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph Robertson
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Nikki R. Paul
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel H. J. Ng
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Janet A. Askari
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Martin J. Humphries
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Robertson J, Jacquemet G, Byron A, Jones MC, Warwood S, Selley JN, Knight D, Humphries JD, Humphries MJ. Defining the phospho-adhesome through the phosphoproteomic analysis of integrin signalling. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6265. [PMID: 25677187 PMCID: PMC4338609 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell–extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion is a fundamental requirement for multicellular existence due to roles in positioning, proliferation and differentiation. Phosphorylation plays a major role in adhesion signalling; however, a full understanding of the phosphorylation events that occur at sites of adhesion is lacking. Here we report a proteomic and phosphoproteomic analysis of adhesion complexes isolated from cells spread on fibronectin. We identify 1,174 proteins, 499 of which are phosphorylated (1,109 phosphorylation sites), including both well-characterized and novel adhesion-regulated phosphorylation events. Immunoblotting suggests that two classes of phosphorylated residues are found at adhesion sites—those induced by adhesion and those constitutively phosphorylated but recruited in response to adhesion. Kinase prediction analysis identifies novel kinases with putative roles in adhesion signalling including CDK1, inhibition of which reduces adhesion complex formation. This phospho-adhesome data set constitutes a valuable resource to improve our understanding of the signalling mechanisms through which cell–ECM interactions control cell behaviour. Protein phosphorylation is known to play an important role in cell adhesion signalling. Robertson et al. present a proteomic resource mapping the phosphorylation states of proteins isolated from adhesion complexes and, taking advantage of this data set, show that the cell cycle kinase CDK1 may influence cell adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Robertson
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Guillaume Jacquemet
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Adam Byron
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Matthew C Jones
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Stacey Warwood
- Biological Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Julian N Selley
- Biological Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - David Knight
- Biological Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Jonathan D Humphries
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Martin J Humphries
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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27
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Byron A, Randles MJ, Humphries JD, Mironov A, Hamidi H, Harris S, Mathieson PW, Saleem MA, Satchell SC, Zent R, Humphries MJ, Lennon R. Glomerular cell cross-talk influences composition and assembly of extracellular matrix. J Am Soc Nephrol 2014; 25:953-66. [PMID: 24436469 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2013070795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The glomerular basement membrane (GBM) is a specialized extracellular matrix (ECM) compartment within the glomerulus that contains tissue-restricted isoforms of collagen IV and laminin. It is integral to the capillary wall and therefore, functionally linked to glomerular filtration. Although the composition of the GBM has been investigated with global and candidate-based approaches, the relative contributions of glomerular cell types to the production of ECM are not well understood. To characterize specific cellular contributions to the GBM, we used mass spectrometry-based proteomics to analyze ECM isolated from podocytes and glomerular endothelial cells in vitro. These analyses identified cell type-specific differences in ECM composition, indicating distinct contributions to glomerular ECM assembly. Coculture of podocytes and endothelial cells resulted in an altered composition and organization of ECM compared with monoculture ECMs, and electron microscopy revealed basement membrane-like ECM deposition between cocultured cells, suggesting the involvement of cell-cell cross-talk in the production of glomerular ECM. Notably, compared with monoculture ECM proteomes, the coculture ECM proteome better resembled a tissue-derived glomerular ECM dataset, indicating its relevance to GBM in vivo. Protein network analyses revealed a common core of 35 highly connected structural ECM proteins that may be important for glomerular ECM assembly. Overall, these findings show the complexity of the glomerular ECM and suggest that both ECM composition and organization are context-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Byron
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences and
| | - Michael J Randles
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences and Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Aleksandr Mironov
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences and
| | - Hellyeh Hamidi
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences and
| | - Shelley Harris
- Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Peter W Mathieson
- Academic Renal Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Moin A Saleem
- Academic Renal Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Simon C Satchell
- Academic Renal Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Roy Zent
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Martin J Humphries
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences and
| | - Rachel Lennon
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences and Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom;
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Lennon R, Byron A, Humphries JD, Randles MJ, Carisey A, Murphy S, Knight D, Brenchley PE, Zent R, Humphries MJ. Global analysis reveals the complexity of the human glomerular extracellular matrix. J Am Soc Nephrol 2014; 25:939-51. [PMID: 24436468 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2013030233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The glomerulus contains unique cellular and extracellular matrix (ECM) components, which are required for intact barrier function. Studies of the cellular components have helped to build understanding of glomerular disease; however, the full composition and regulation of glomerular ECM remains poorly understood. We used mass spectrometry-based proteomics of enriched ECM extracts for a global analysis of human glomerular ECM in vivo and identified a tissue-specific proteome of 144 structural and regulatory ECM proteins. This catalog includes all previously identified glomerular components plus many new and abundant components. Relative protein quantification showed a dominance of collagen IV, collagen I, and laminin isoforms in the glomerular ECM together with abundant collagen VI and TINAGL1. Protein network analysis enabled the creation of a glomerular ECM interactome, which revealed a core of highly connected structural components. More than one half of the glomerular ECM proteome was validated using colocalization studies and data from the Human Protein Atlas. This study yields the greatest number of ECM proteins relative to previous investigations of whole glomerular extracts, highlighting the importance of sample enrichment. It also shows that the composition of glomerular ECM is far more complex than previously appreciated and suggests that many more ECM components may contribute to glomerular development and disease processes. The mass spectrometry proteomics data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange Consortium with the dataset identifier PXD000456.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Lennon
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research and Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom;
| | - Adam Byron
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research and
| | | | - Michael J Randles
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research and Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Alex Carisey
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research and
| | - Stephanie Murphy
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research and Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - David Knight
- Biological Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Faculty of Life Sciences, and
| | - Paul E Brenchley
- Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Roy Zent
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee
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Jacquemet G, Morgan MR, Byron A, Humphries JD, Choi CK, Chen CS, Caswell PT, Humphries MJ. Rac1 is deactivated at integrin activation sites through an IQGAP1-filamin-A-RacGAP1 pathway. J Cell Sci 2013; 126:4121-35. [PMID: 23843620 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.121988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell migration makes a fundamental contribution to both normal physiology and disease pathogenesis. Integrin engagement with extracellular ligands spatially controls, via the cyclical activation and deactivation of the small GTPase Rac1, the dynamic membrane protrusion and cytoskeletal reorganization events that are required for directional migration. Although the pathways that control integrin-mediated Rac1 activation are reasonably well defined, the mechanisms that are responsible for switching off activity are poorly understood. Here, proteomic analysis of activated integrin-associated complexes suggests filamin-A and IQ-motif-containing GTPase-activating protein 1 (IQGAP1) as candidates that link β1 integrin to Rac1. siRNA-mediated knockdown of either filamin-A or IQGAP1 induced high, dysregulated Rac1 activity during cell spreading on fibronectin. Using immunoprecipitation and immunocytochemistry, filamin-A and IQGAP1 were shown to be part of a complex that is recruited to active β1 integrin. Mass spectrometric analysis of individual filamin-A, IQGAP1 and Rac1 pull-downs and biochemical analysis, identified RacGAP1 as a novel IQGAP1 binding partner. Further immunoprecipitation and immunocytochemistry analyses demonstrated that RacGAP1 is recruited to IQGAP1 and active β1 integrin, and that suppression of RacGAP1 expression triggered elevated Rac1 activity during spreading on fibronectin. Consistent with these findings, reduced expression of filamin-A, IQGAP1 or RacGAP1 triggered unconstrained membrane protrusion and disrupted directional cell migration on fibrillar extracellular matrices. These findings suggest a model whereby integrin engagement, followed by filamin-A, IQGAP1 and RacGAP1 recruitment, deactivates Rac1 to constrain its activity spatially and thereby coordinate directional cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Jacquemet
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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Soteriou D, Iskender B, Byron A, Humphries JD, Borg-Bartolo S, Haddock MC, Baxter MA, Knight D, Humphries MJ, Kimber SJ. Comparative proteomic analysis of supportive and unsupportive extracellular matrix substrates for human embryonic stem cell maintenance. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:18716-31. [PMID: 23658023 PMCID: PMC3696646 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.463372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are pluripotent cells that have indefinite replicative potential and the ability to differentiate into derivatives of all three germ layers. hESCs are conventionally grown on mitotically inactivated mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) or feeder cells of human origin. In addition, feeder-free culture systems can be used to support hESCs, in which the adhesive substrate plays a key role in the regulation of stem cell self-renewal or differentiation. Extracellular matrix (ECM) components define the microenvironment of the niche for many types of stem cells, but their role in the maintenance of hESCs remains poorly understood. We used a proteomic approach to characterize in detail the composition and interaction networks of ECMs that support the growth of self-renewing hESCs. Whereas many ECM components were produced by supportive and unsupportive MEF and human placental stromal fibroblast feeder cells, some proteins were only expressed in supportive ECM, suggestive of a role in the maintenance of pluripotency. We show that identified candidate molecules can support attachment and self-renewal of hESCs alone (fibrillin-1) or in combination with fibronectin (perlecan, fibulin-2), in the absence of feeder cells. Together, these data highlight the importance of specific ECM interactions in the regulation of hESC phenotype and provide a resource for future studies of hESC self-renewal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despina Soteriou
- North West Embryonic Stem Cell Centre, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, United Kingdom
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Byron A, Humphries JD, Humphries MJ. Defining the extracellular matrix using proteomics. Int J Exp Pathol 2013; 94:75-92. [PMID: 23419153 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2012] [Revised: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell microenvironment has a profound influence on the behaviour, growth and survival of cells. The extracellular matrix (ECM) provides not only mechanical and structural support to cells and tissues but also binds soluble ligands and transmembrane receptors to provide spatial coordination of signalling processes. The ability of cells to sense the chemical, mechanical and topographical features of the ECM enables them to integrate complex, multiparametric information into a coherent response to the surrounding microenvironment. Consequently, dysregulation or mutation of ECM components results in a broad range of pathological conditions. Characterization of the composition of ECM derived from various cells has begun to reveal insights into ECM structure and function, and mechanisms of disease. Proteomic methodologies permit the global analysis of subcellular systems, but extracellular and transmembrane proteins present analytical difficulties to proteomic strategies owing to the particular biochemical properties of these molecules. Here, we review advances in proteomic approaches that have been applied to furthering our understanding of the ECM microenvironment. We survey recent studies that have addressed challenges in the analysis of ECM and discuss major outcomes in the context of health and disease. In addition, we summarize efforts to progress towards a systems-level understanding of ECM biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Byron
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Byron A, Humphries JD, Craig SE, Knight D, Humphries MJ. Proteomic analysis of α4β1 integrin adhesion complexes reveals α-subunit-dependent protein recruitment. Proteomics 2012; 12:2107-14. [PMID: 22623428 PMCID: PMC3472074 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201100487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Integrin adhesion receptors mediate cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions, which control cell morphology and migration, differentiation, and tissue integrity. Integrins recruit multimolecular adhesion complexes to their cytoplasmic domains, which provide structural and mechanosensitive signaling connections between the extracellular and intracellular milieux. The different functions of specific integrin heterodimers, such as α4β1 and α5β1, have been attributed to distinct signal transduction mechanisms that are initiated by selective recruitment of adhesion complex components to integrin cytoplasmic tails. Here, we report the isolation of ligand-induced adhesion complexes associated with wild-type α4β1 integrin, an activated α4β1 variant in the absence of the α cytoplasmic domain (X4C0), and a chimeric α4β1 variant with α5 leg and cytoplasmic domains (α4Pα5L), and the cataloguing of their proteomes by MS. Using hierarchical clustering and interaction network analyses, we detail the differential recruitment of proteins and highlight enrichment patterns of proteins to distinct adhesion complexes. We identify previously unreported components of integrin adhesion complexes and observe receptor-specific enrichment of molecules with previously reported links to cell migration and cell signaling processes. Furthermore, we demonstrate colocalization of MYO18A with active integrin in migrating cells. These datasets provide a resource for future studies of integrin receptor-specific signaling events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Byron
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Rashid ST, Humphries JD, Byron A, Dhar A, Askari JA, Selley JN, Knight D, Goldin RD, Thursz M, Humphries MJ. Proteomic analysis of extracellular matrix from the hepatic stellate cell line LX-2 identifies CYR61 and Wnt-5a as novel constituents of fibrotic liver. J Proteome Res 2012; 11:4052-64. [PMID: 22694338 PMCID: PMC3411196 DOI: 10.1021/pr3000927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and subsequent
uncontrolled
accumulation of altered extracellular matrix (ECM) underpin liver
fibrosis, a wound healing response to chronic injury, which can lead
to organ failure and death. We sought to catalogue the components
of fibrotic liver ECM to obtain insights into disease etiology and
aid identification of new biomarkers. Cell-derived ECM was isolated
from the HSC line LX-2, an in vitro model of liver
fibrosis, and compared to ECM from human foreskin fibroblasts (HFFs)
as a control. Mass spectrometry analyses of cell-derived ECMs identified,
with ≥99% confidence, 61 structural ECM or secreted proteins
(48 and 31 proteins for LX-2 and HFF, respectively). Gene ontology
enrichment analysis confirmed the enrichment of ECM proteins, and
hierarchical clustering coupled with protein–protein interaction
network analysis revealed a subset of proteins enriched to fibrotic
ECM, highlighting the existence of cell type-specific ECM niches.
Thirty-six proteins were enriched to LX-2 ECM as compared to HFF ECM,
of which Wnt-5a and CYR61 were validated by immunohistochemistry in
human and murine fibrotic liver tissue. Future studies will determine
if these and other components may play a role in the etiology of hepatic
fibrosis, serve as novel disease biomarkers, or open up new avenues
for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tamir Rashid
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, and Department of Gastrointestinal Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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Byron A, Humphries JD, Humphries MJ. Alternative cellular roles for proteins identified using proteomics. J Proteomics 2012; 75:4184-5. [PMID: 22579753 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Bass MD, Williamson RC, Nunan RD, Humphries JD, Byron A, Morgan MR, Martin P, Humphries MJ. A syndecan-4 hair trigger initiates wound healing through caveolin- and RhoG-regulated integrin endocytosis. Dev Cell 2011; 21:681-93. [PMID: 21982645 PMCID: PMC3202633 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2011.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2010] [Revised: 06/03/2011] [Accepted: 08/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cell migration during wound healing requires adhesion receptor turnover to enable the formation and disassembly of cell-extracellular matrix contacts. Although recent advances have improved our understanding of integrin trafficking pathways, it is not known how extracellular ligand engagement controls receptor dynamics. Using atomic force microscopy, we have measured cell avidity for fibronectin and defined a mechanism for the outside-in regulation of α(5)β(1)-integrin. Surprisingly, adhesive strength was attenuated by the syndecan-4-binding domain of fibronectin due to a rapid triggering of α(5)β(1)-integrin endocytosis. Association of syndecan-4 with PKCα was found to trigger RhoG activation and subsequent dynamin- and caveolin-dependent integrin uptake. Like disruption of syndecan-4 or caveolin, gene disruption of RhoG in mice was found to retard closure of dermal wounds due to a migration defect of the fibroblasts and keratinocytes of RhoG null mice. Thus, this syndecan-4-regulated integrin endocytic pathway appears to play a key role in tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Bass
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK.
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Abstract
Integrin receptors regulate cell fate by coupling the binding of extracellular adhesion proteins to the assembly of intracellular cytoskeletal and signaling complexes. A detailed, integrative view of adhesion complexes will provide insight into the molecular mechanisms that control cell morphology, survival, movement, and differentiation. To date, membrane receptor-associated signaling complexes have been refractory to proteomic analysis because of their inherent lability and inaccessibility. We developed a methodology to isolate ligand-induced integrin adhesion complexes, and we used this technique to analyze the composition of complexes associated with multiple receptor-ligand pairs and define core and receptor-specific subnetworks. In particular, we identified regulator of chromosome condensation-2 (RCC2) as a component of fibronectin-activated signaling pathways that regulate directional cell movement. The development of this proteomics pipeline provides the means to investigate the molecular composition and function of various adhesion complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Byron
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, UK
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Byron
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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Humphries JD, Byron A, Bass MD, Craig SE, Pinney JW, Knight D, Humphries MJ. Proteomic analysis of integrin-associated complexes identifies RCC2 as a dual regulator of Rac1 and Arf6. Sci Signal 2009; 2:ra51. [PMID: 19738201 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2000396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The binding of integrin adhesion receptors to their extracellular matrix ligands controls cell morphology, movement, survival, and differentiation in various developmental, homeostatic, and disease processes. Here, we report a methodology to isolate complexes associated with integrin adhesion receptors, which, like other receptor-associated signaling complexes, have been refractory to proteomic analysis. Quantitative, comparative analyses of the proteomes of two receptor-ligand pairs, alpha(4)beta(1)-vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and alpha(5)beta(1)-fibronectin, defined both core and receptor-specific components. Regulator of chromosome condensation-2 (RCC2) was detected in the alpha(5)beta(1)-fibronectin signaling network at an intersection between the Rac1 and adenosine 5'-diphosphate ribosylation factor 6 (Arf6) subnetworks. RCC2 knockdown enhanced fibronectin-induced activation of both Rac1 and Arf6 and accelerated cell spreading, suggesting that RCC2 limits the signaling required for membrane protrusion and delivery. Dysregulation of Rac1 and Arf6 function by RCC2 knockdown also abolished persistent migration along fibronectin fibers, indicating a functional role for RCC2 in directional cell movement. This proteomics workflow now opens the way to further dissection and systems-level analyses of adhesion signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Humphries
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Abstract
Both spatiotemporal analyses of adhesion signalling and the development of pharmacological inhibitors of integrin receptors currently suffer from the lack of an assay to measure integrin-effector binding and the response of these interactions to antagonists. Indeed, anti-integrin compounds have failed in the clinic because of secondary side effects resulting from agonistic activity. Here, we have expressed integrin-GFP and effector-mRFP pairs in living cells and quantified their association using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) to measure fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). Association of talin with beta1 integrin and paxillin with alpha4 integrin was dependent on both the ligand and receptor activation state, and was sensitive to inhibition with small molecule RGD and LDV mimetics, respectively. An adaptation of the assay revealed the agonistic activity of these small molecules, thus demonstrating that these compounds may induce secondary effects in vivo via integrin activation. This study provides insight into the dependence of the activity of small molecule anti-integrin compounds upon receptor conformation, and provides a novel quantitative assay for the validation of potential integrin antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddy Parsons
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, New Hunt’s House, Guys Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Anthea J. Messent
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Jonathan D. Humphries
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Nicholas O. Deakin
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Martin J. Humphries
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
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Humphries JD, Wang P, Streuli C, Geiger B, Humphries MJ, Ballestrem C. Vinculin controls focal adhesion formation by direct interactions with talin and actin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 179:1043-57. [PMID: 18056416 PMCID: PMC2099183 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200703036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 619] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Focal adhesions (FAs) regulate cell migration. Vinculin, with its many potential binding partners, can interconnect signals in FAs. Despite the well-characterized structure of vinculin, the molecular mechanisms underlying its action have remained unclear. Here, using vinculin mutants, we separate the vinculin head and tail regions into distinct functional domains. We show that the vinculin head regulates integrin dynamics and clustering and the tail regulates the link to the mechanotransduction force machinery. The expression of vinculin constructs with unmasked binding sites in the head and tail regions induces dramatic FA growth, which is mediated by their direct interaction with talin. This interaction leads to clustering of activated integrin and an increase in integrin residency time in FAs. Surprisingly, paxillin recruitment, induced by active vinculin constructs, occurs independently of its potential binding site in the vinculin tail. The vinculin tail, however, is responsible for the functional link of FAs to the actin cytoskeleton. We propose a new model that explains how vinculin orchestrates FAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Humphries
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, England, UK
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Askari JA, Thornton DJ, Humphries JD, Buckley PA, Humphries MJ. The alternatively spliced type III connecting segment of fibronectin is a zinc-binding module. Matrix Biol 2007; 26:485-93. [PMID: 17490871 PMCID: PMC3345337 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2007.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2007] [Revised: 04/02/2007] [Accepted: 04/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Fibronectin (FN) is a prototypic adhesive glycoprotein that is widely expressed in extracellular matrices and body fluids. The fibronectin molecule is dimeric, and composed of a series of repeating polypeptide modules. A recombinant fragment of FN incorporating type III repeats 12-15, and including the alternatively-spliced type three connecting segment (IIICS), was found to bind Ni(2+), Cu(2+) and Zn(2+) divalent cations, whereas a similar fragment lacking the IIICS did not. Mutation of two pairs of histidine residues in separate spliced regions of the IIICS reduced cation binding to near the level of the variant lacking the IIICS, suggesting a zinc finger-like mode of cation coordination. Analysis of native FNs purified from plasma or amniotic fluid revealed significant levels of zinc associated with those isoforms that contain the complete IIICS. Taken together, these data demonstrate that the IIICS region of FN is a novel zinc-binding module.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Martin J. Humphries
- Correspondence address: Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom. Tel.: +44-(0)161-275-5071. Fax: +44-(0)161-275-1505.
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Abstract
Cell adhesion mediated by the integrin alpha4beta1 plays a key role in many biological processes reflecting both the number and functional significance of alpha4beta1 ligands. The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) receptor, CD14, is a GPI-linked cell surface glycoprotein with a wide range of reported functions and associations, some of which overlap with that of alpha4beta1. This overlap led us to test the specific hypothesis that alpha4beta1 and CD14 interact directly. Jurkat T cells (alpha4beta1(+)) were found to adhere to a recombinant CD14-Fc protein via alpha4beta1, whilst K562 cells (alpha4beta1(-)) did not. However, stable reexpression of the alpha4-subunit conferred this ability. The adhesion of both cell types to CD14 displayed activation state-dependent binding very similar to the interaction of alpha4beta1 with its prototypic ligand, VCAM-1. In solid-phase assays, CD14-Fc bound to affinity-purified alpha4beta1 in a dose-dependent manner that was induced by activating anti-beta1 mAbs. Finally, in related experiments, JY cells (alpha4beta7(+)) were also found to attach to CD14-Fc in an alpha4-dependent manner. In summary, CD14 is a novel ligand for alpha4beta1, exhibiting similar activation-state dependent binding characteristics as other alpha4beta1 ligands. The biological relevance of this interaction will be the subject of further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Humphries
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
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43
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Humphries
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
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Gläsner J, Blum H, Wehner V, Stilz HU, Humphries JD, Curley GP, Mould AP, Humphries MJ, Hallmann R, Röllinghoff M, Gessner A. A small molecule alpha 4 beta 1 antagonist prevents development of murine Lyme arthritis without affecting protective immunity. J Immunol 2005; 175:4724-34. [PMID: 16177120 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.175.7.4724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
After infection with Borrelia burgdorferi, humans and mice under certain conditions develop arthritis. Initiation of inflammation is dependent on the migration of innate immune cells to the site of infection, controlled by interactions of a variety of adhesion molecules. In this study, we used the newly synthesized compound S18407, which is a prodrug of the active drug S16197, to analyze the functional importance of alpha4beta1-dependent cell adhesion for the development of arthritis and for the antibacterial immune response. S16197 is shown to interfere specifically with the binding of alpha4beta(1 integrin to its ligands VCAM-1 and fibronectin in vitro. Treatment of B. burgdorferi-infected C3H/HeJ mice with the alpha4beta1 antagonist significantly ameliorated the outcome of clinical arthritis and the influx of neutrophilic granulocytes into ankle joints. Furthermore, local mRNA up-regulation of the proinflammatory mediators IL-1, IL-6, and cyclooxygenase-2 was largely abolished. Neither the synthesis of spirochete-specific Igs nor the development of a Th1-dominated immune response was altered by the treatment. Importantly, the drug also did not interfere with Ab-mediated control of spirochete load in the tissues. These findings demonstrate that the pathogenesis, but not the protective immune response, in Lyme arthritis is dependent on the alpha4beta1-mediated influx of inflammatory cells. The onset of inflammation can be successfully targeted by treatment with S18407.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Gläsner
- Institute for Clinical Microbiology, Immunology, and Hygiene, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Humphries JD, Schofield NR, Mostafavi-Pour Z, Green LJ, Garratt AN, Mould AP, Humphries MJ. Dual functionality of the anti-beta1 integrin antibody, 12G10, exemplifies agonistic signalling from the ligand binding pocket of integrin adhesion receptors. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:10234-43. [PMID: 15632175 PMCID: PMC3327468 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m411102200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Although integrins are known to mediate connections between extracellular adhesion molecules and the intracellular actin cytoskeleton, the mechanisms that are responsible for coupling ligand binding to intracellular signaling, for generating diversity in signaling, and for determining the efficacy of integrin signaling in response to ligand engagement are largely unknown. By characterizing the class of anti-integrin monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that stimulate integrin activation and ligand binding, we have identified integrin-ligand-mAb complexes that exhibit differential signaling properties. Specifically, addition of 12G10 mAb to cells adhering via integrin alpha4beta1 was found to trigger disruption of the actin cytoskeleton and prevent cell attachment and spreading, whereas mAb addition to cells adhering via alpha5beta1 stimulated all of these processes. In contrast, soluble ligand binding to either alpha4beta1 or alpha5beta1 was augmented or unaffected by 12G10. The regions of the integrin responsible for differential signaling were then mapped using chimeras. Surprisingly, a chimeric alpha5 integrin containing the beta-propeller domain from the ligand binding pocket of alpha4 exhibited the same signaling properties as the full-length alpha4 integrin, whereas exchanging or removing cytoplasmic domains had no effect. Thus the mAb 12G10 demonstrates dual functionality, inhibiting cell adhesion and spreading while augmenting soluble ligand binding, via a mechanism that is determined by the extracellular beta-propeller domain of the associating alpha-subunit. These findings therefore demonstrate a direct and variable agonistic link between the ligand binding pocket of integrins and the cell interior that is independent of the alpha cytoplasmic domains. We propose that either ligand-specific transmembrane conformational changes or ligand-specific differences in the kinetics of transmembrane domain separation underlie integrin agonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D. Humphries
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Neil R. Schofield
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | | | - Linda J. Green
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | | | - A. Paul Mould
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Martin J. Humphries
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Integrin cytoplasmic tail domains are short, but are essential for normal receptor function because of their key role in relaying bidirectional signals across the plasma membrane. Although it is well established that the cytoplasmic tails both initiate signalling pathways inside the cell and control the transition of integrins from a resting to a ligand-binding competent state, until recently the structural basis of these changes has been unclear. In the past year, however, a series of structural studies has revealed certain features of cytoplasmic domain function, and in this review we focus on how these advances have enlightened our understanding of integrin tail structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Travis
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, 2.205 Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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Humphries JD, Askari JA, Zhang XP, Takada Y, Humphries MJ, Mould AP. Molecular basis of ligand recognition by integrin alpha5beta 1. II. Specificity of arg-gly-Asp binding is determined by Trp157 OF THE alpha subunit. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:20337-45. [PMID: 10764747 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m000568200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Different beta(1) integrins bind Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptides with differing specificities, suggesting a role for residues in the alpha subunit in determining ligand specificity. Integrin alpha(5)beta(1) has been shown to bind with high affinity to peptides containing an Arg-Gly-Asp-Gly-Trp (RGDGW) sequence but with relatively low affinity to other RGD peptides. The residues within the ligand-binding pocket that determine this specificity are currently unknown. A cyclic peptide containing the RGDGW sequence was found to strongly perturb the binding of the anti-alpha(5) monoclonal antibody (mAb) 16 to alpha(5)beta(1). In contrast, RGD peptides lacking the tryptophan residue acted as weak inhibitors of mAb 16 binding. The epitope of mAb 16 has previously been localized to a region of the alpha(5) subunit that contains Ser(156)-Trp(157). Mutation of Trp(157) (but not of Ser(156) or surrounding residues) to alanine blocked recognition of mAb 16 and perturbed the high affinity binding of RGDGW-containing peptides to alpha(5)beta(1). The same mutation also abrogated recognition of the alpha(5)beta(1)-specific ligand peptide Arg-Arg-Glu-Thr-Ala-Trp-Ala (RRETAWA). Based on these findings, we propose that Trp(157) of alpha(5) participates in a hydrophobic interaction with the tryptophan residue in RGDGW, and that this interaction determines the specificity of alpha(5)beta(1) for RGDGW-containing peptides. Since the RGD sequence is recognized predominantly by amino acid residues on the beta(1) subunit, our results suggest that Trp(157) of alpha(5) must lie very close to these residues. Our findings therefore provide new insights into the structure of the ligand-binding pocket of alpha(5)beta(1).
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Humphries
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT United Kingdom
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48
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Abstract
An undesirable side-effect of retinoid treatment is skin fragility. As desmosomes are important in maintaining the cohesion of epidermal keratinocytes, we investigated whether all-trans-retinoic acid (RA) compromises desmosome expression in human epidermis, thereby predisposing skin to fragility. Solutions containing 0.025% RA, 5% sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) as an irritant control, or vehicle alone were applied to three sites on the buttocks of normal volunteers (n = 9). Treated sites were occluded for 4 days, and biopsies taken under local anaesthesia. Cryostat sections were stained with a panel of antibodies to desmosomal proteins and visualized by immunofluorescence microscopy. Stained sections were randomized and assessed for intensity of staining. The epidermal thickness of each treated site was quantified by image analysis. Western blots of epidermal desmocollins were quantified by densitometry. RA and SDS treatments significantly, but equivalently, increased epidermal thickness compared with vehicle. Immunohistochemically, both RA and SDS were shown to reduce epidermal staining for desmoplakin, desmoglein 1, plakophilin 1 and desmocollin 3 equally compared with vehicle-treated skin (P < 0.001). RA produced a greater reduction in desmocollin 1 staining compared with SDS (P < 0.001). Similar reductions in desmocollins were found by Western blot analysis. Reduced desmocollin expression may indicate compromised desmosomal adhesion, leading to the skin fragility that results from retinoid treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Humphries
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Manchester, Hope Hospital, Salford M6 8HD, U.K
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49
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Abstract
Striae distensae (striae: stretch marks) are a common disfiguring condition associated with continuous and progressive stretching of the skin--as occurs during pregnancy. The pathogenesis of striae is unknown but probably relates to changes in those structures that provide skin with its tensile strength and elasticity. Such structures are components of the extracellular matrix, including fibrillin, elastin and collagens. Using a variety of histological techniques, we assessed the distribution of these extracellular matrix components in skin affected by striae. Pregnant women were assessed for the presence of striae, and punch biopsies were obtained from lesional striae and adjacent normal skin. Biopsies were processed for electron microscopy, light microscopy and immunohistochemistry. For histological examination, 7 microns frozen sections were stained so as to identify the elastic fibre network and glycosaminoglycans. Biopsies were also examined with a panel of polyclonal antibodies against collagens I and III, and fibrillin and elastin. Ultrastructural analysis revealed alterations in the appearance of skin affected by striae compared with that of normal skin in that the dermal matrix of striae was looser and more floccular. Light microscopy revealed an increase in glycosaminoglycan content in striae. Furthermore, the number of vertical fibrillin fibres subjacent to the dermal-epidermal junction (DEJ) and elastin fibres in the papillary dermis was significantly reduced in striae compared with normal skin. The orientation of elastin and fibrillin fibres in the deep dermis showed realignment in that the fibres ran parallel to the DEJ. However, no significant alterations were observed in any other extracellular matrix components. This study identifies a reorganization and diminution of the elastic fibre network of skin affected by striae. Continuous strain on the dermal extracellular matrix, as occurs during pregnancy, may remodel the elastic fibre network in susceptible individuals and manifest clinically as striae distensae.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Watson
- Section of Dermatology, University of Manchester, Hope Hospital, Salford, U.K
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