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Kaplan SJ, Wong W, Yan J, Pulecio J, Cho HS, Li Q, Zhao J, Leslie-Iyer J, Kazakov J, Murphy D, Luo R, Dey KK, Apostolou E, Leslie CS, Huangfu D. CRISPR Screening Uncovers a Long-Range Enhancer for ONECUT1 in Pancreatic Differentiation and Links a Diabetes Risk Variant. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.26.591412. [PMID: 38746154 PMCID: PMC11092487 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.26.591412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Functional enhancer annotation is a valuable first step for understanding tissue-specific transcriptional regulation and prioritizing disease-associated non-coding variants for investigation. However, unbiased enhancer discovery in physiologically relevant contexts remains a major challenge. To discover regulatory elements pertinent to diabetes, we conducted a CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) screen in the human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) pancreatic differentiation system. Among the enhancers uncovered, we focused on a long-range enhancer ∼664 kb from the ONECUT1 promoter, as coding mutations in ONECUT1 cause pancreatic hypoplasia and neonatal diabetes. Homozygous enhancer deletion in hPSCs was associated with a near-complete loss of ONECUT1 gene expression and compromised pancreatic differentiation. This enhancer contains a confidently fine-mapped type 2 diabetes (T2D) associated variant (rs528350911) which disrupts a GATA motif. Introduction of the risk variant into hPSCs revealed substantially reduced binding of key pancreatic transcription factors (GATA4, GATA6 and FOXA2) on the edited allele, accompanied by a slight reduction of ONECUT1 transcription, supporting a causal role for this risk variant in metabolic disease. This work expands our knowledge about transcriptional regulation in pancreatic development through the characterization of a long-range enhancer and highlights the utility of enhancer discovery in disease-relevant settings for understanding monogenic and complex disease.
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Ashok A, Kalthur G, Kumar A. Degradation meets development: Implications in β-cell development and diabetes. Cell Biol Int 2024. [PMID: 38499517 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.12155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic development is orchestrated by timely synthesis and degradation of stage-specific transcription factors (TFs). The transition from one stage to another stage is dependent on the precise expression of the developmentally relevant TFs. Persistent expression of particular TF would impede the exit from the progenitor stage to the matured cell type. Intracellular protein degradation-mediated protein turnover contributes to a major extent to the turnover of these TFs and thereby dictates the development of different tissues. Since even subtle changes in the crucial cellular pathways would dramatically impact pancreatic β-cell performance, it is generally acknowledged that the biological activity of these pathways is tightly regulated by protein synthesis and degradation process. Intracellular protein degradation is executed majorly by the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) and Lysosomal degradation pathway. As more than 90% of the TFs are targeted to proteasomal degradation, this review aims to examine the crucial role of UPS in normal pancreatic β-cell development and how dysfunction of these pathways manifests in metabolic syndromes such as diabetes. Such understanding would facilitate designing a faithful approach to obtain a therapeutic quality of β-cells from stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshaya Ashok
- Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Guruprasad Kalthur
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Reproductive Science, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Anujith Kumar
- Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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Russ-Silsby J, Patel KA, Laver TW, Hawkes G, Johnson MB, Wakeling MN, Patil PP, Hattersley AT, Flanagan SE, Weedon MN, De Franco E. The Role of ONECUT1 Variants in Monogenic and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes 2023; 72:1729-1734. [PMID: 37639628 DOI: 10.2337/db23-0498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
ONECUT1 (also known as HNF6) is a transcription factor involved in pancreatic development and β-cell function. Recently, biallelic variants in ONECUT1 were reported as a cause of neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM) in two subjects, and missense monoallelic variants were associated with type 2 diabetes and possibly maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY). Here we examine the role of ONECUT1 variants in NDM, MODY, and type 2 diabetes in large international cohorts of subjects with monogenic diabetes and >400,000 subjects from UK Biobank. We identified a biallelic frameshift ONECUT1 variant as the cause of NDM in one individual. However, we found no enrichment of missense or null ONECUT1 variants among 484 individuals clinically suspected of MODY, in whom all known genes had been excluded. Finally, using a rare variant burden test in the UK Biobank European cohort, we identified a significant association between heterozygous ONECUT1 null variants and type 2 diabetes (P = 0.006) but did not find an association between missense variants and type 2 diabetes. Our results confirm biallelic ONECUT1 variants as a cause of NDM and highlight monoallelic null variants as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes. These findings confirm the critical role of ONECUT1 in human β-cell function. ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- James Russ-Silsby
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K
| | - Kashyap A Patel
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K
| | - Thomas W Laver
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K
| | - Gareth Hawkes
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K
| | - Matthew B Johnson
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K
| | - Matthew N Wakeling
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K
| | - Prashant P Patil
- The Society for the Rehabilitation of Crippled Children Narayana Health Children's Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Andrew T Hattersley
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K
| | - Sarah E Flanagan
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K
| | - Michael N Weedon
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K
| | - Elisa De Franco
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K
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4
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Manea T, Nelson JK, Garrone CM, Hansson K, Evans I, Behrens A, Sancho R. USP7 controls NGN3 stability and pancreatic endocrine lineage development. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2457. [PMID: 37117185 PMCID: PMC10147604 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38146-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the factors and mechanisms involved in beta-cell development will guide therapeutic efforts to generate fully functional beta cells for diabetes. Neurogenin 3 (NGN3) is the key transcription factor that marks endocrine progenitors and drives beta-cell differentiation. Here we screen for binding partners of NGN3 and identify the deubiquitylating enzyme USP7 as a key regulator of NGN3 stability. Mechanistically, USP7 interacts with, deubiquitinates and stabilizes NGN3. In vivo, conditional knockout of Usp7 in the mouse embryonic pancreas causes a dramatic reduction in islet formation and hyperglycemia in adult mice, due to impaired NGN3-mediated endocrine specification during pancreatic development. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition of USP7 during endocrine specification in human iPSC models of beta-cell differentiation decreases NGN3 expressing progenitor cell numbers and impairs beta cell differentiation. Thus, the USP7-NGN3 axis is an essential mechanism for driving endocrine development and beta-cell differentiation, which can be therapeutically exploited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodora Manea
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jessica Kristine Nelson
- Adult Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
- Cancer Stem Cell Laboratory, The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | | | - Karin Hansson
- Cancer Stem Cell Laboratory, The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Ian Evans
- Adult Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
- Cancer Stem Cell Laboratory, The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Axel Behrens
- Adult Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
- Cancer Stem Cell Laboratory, The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JB, UK
- Imperial College, Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Convergence Science Centre, Imperial College, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2BU, UK
| | - Rocio Sancho
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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Prudente S, Andreozzi F, Mercuri L, Alberico F, Di Giamberardino A, Mannino GC, Ludovico O, Piscitelli P, Di Paola R, Morano S, Penno G, Carella M, De Cosmo S, Trischitta V, Barbetti F. Contribution of ONECUT1 variants to different forms of non-autoimmune diabetes mellitus in Italian patients. Acta Diabetol 2022; 59:1113-1116. [PMID: 35482136 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-022-01889-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Prudente
- Research Unit of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy.
| | - Francesco Andreozzi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
- Research Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Diseases (CR METDIS), University Magna Grecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Luana Mercuri
- Research Unit of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Federica Alberico
- Research Unit of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Alessandra Di Giamberardino
- Research Unit of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Gaia Chiara Mannino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ornella Ludovico
- Department of Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Pamela Piscitelli
- Department of Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Rosa Di Paola
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Susanna Morano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Penno
- Section of Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Massimo Carella
- Medical Genetics Division, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Salvatore De Cosmo
- Department of Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Trischitta
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Barbetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.
- Clinical Laboratory Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
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Li X, He J, Xie K. Molecular signaling in pancreatic ductal metaplasia: emerging biomarkers for detection and intervention of early pancreatic cancer. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2022; 45:201-225. [PMID: 35290607 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-022-00664-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal metaplasia (PDM) is the transformation of potentially various types of cells in the pancreas into ductal or ductal-like cells, which eventually replace the existing differentiated somatic cell type(s). PDM is usually triggered by and manifests its ability to adapt to environmental stimuli and genetic insults. The development of PDM to atypical hyperplasia or dysplasia is an important risk factor for pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA). Recent studies using genetically engineered mouse models, cell lineage tracing, single-cell sequencing and others have unraveled novel cellular and molecular insights in PDM formation and evolution. Those novel findings help better understand the cellular origins and functional significance of PDM and its regulation at cellular and molecular levels. Given that PDM represents the earliest pathological changes in PDA initiation and development, translational studies are beginning to define PDM-associated cell and molecular biomarkers that can be used to screen and detect early PDA and to enable its effective intervention, thereby truly and significantly reducing the dreadful mortality rate of PDA. This review will describe recent advances in the understanding of PDM biology with a focus on its underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms, and in biomarker discovery with clinical implications for the management of pancreatic regeneration and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojia Li
- Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Department of Pathology, The South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie He
- Institute of Digestive Diseases Research, The South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Keping Xie
- Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
- Department of Pathology, The South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
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7
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Microencapsulated islet transplantation alleviates podocyte injury in diabetic nephropathy via inhibiting Notch-1 signaling. Transpl Immunol 2022; 72:101579. [PMID: 35278650 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2022.101579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Podocyte injury has a critical role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Microencapsulated islet transplantation (MIT) is identified as an effective method for improving the clinical condition of DN. This study aimed to explore the role and mechanism of MIT in alleviating podocyte injury in DN. METHODS A mouse model of DN was constructed using streptozotocin (STZ). Mice were divided into 3 groups: the untreated diabetic nephropathy group (DN group), the microencapsulated islet transplantation-treated group (MIT group) and the control group. The mice were raised for 6 weeks posterior to islet transplantation to identify the role of MIT. Renal function and structure of glomerular filtration barrier were assessed by urine analysis, histopathological examination, and transmission electron microscopy. The expression levels of several proteins including Caspase-3, Bcl2/Bax, β-galactosidase, Ki-67, synaptopodin, WT-1, Jagged-1, Notch-1, and Hes-1 in renal tissues were identified via immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunofluorescence (IF), and western blotting techniques. RESULTS Compared with the DN group, the MIT group presented decreased levels of blood glucose, urinary albumin/creatinine, urea nitrogen, and serum creatinine while their body weight gradually increased. Glomerular injury in the MIT group was significantly better than that in the DN group. The MIT group indicated significantly decreased expression of Caspase-3, β-galactosidase, Bax/Bcl-2, and Ki-67 when compared with DN group, while the proportion of synaptopodin- and WT-1-positive cells was significantly increased (P < 0.05). The protein expression of Jagged-1, Notch-1, and Hes-1 in the glomerulus of the MIT group was significantly lower than that in the DN group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION MIT alleviates podocyte injury induced by DN by inhibiting Notch-1 signaling. The identification of signaling pathways influencing podocyte restoration can help evaluate personalized medicine efficacy for patients treated with islet transplantation.
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8
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Karuthadurai T, Das DN, Kumaresan A, Sinha MK, Kamaraj E, Nag P, Ebenezer Samuel King JP, Datta TK, Manimaran A, Jeyakumar S, Ramesha K. Sperm Transcripts Associated With Odorant Binding and Olfactory Transduction Pathways Are Altered in Breeding Bulls Producing Poor-Quality Semen. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:799386. [PMID: 35274020 PMCID: PMC8902071 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.799386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Spermatozoa carries a reservoir of mRNAs regulating sperm functions and fertilizing potential. Although it is well recognized that a considerable proportion of high genetic merit breeding bulls produce poor-quality semen, the transcriptomic alterations in spermatozoa from such bulls are not understood. In the present study, comparative high-throughput transcriptomic profiling of spermatozoa from good and poor-quality semen-producing bulls was carried out to identify the transcripts associated with semen quality. Using next-generation sequencing (NGS), we identified 11,632 transcripts in Holstein Friesian bull spermatozoa; after total hit normalization, a total of 544 transcripts were detected, of which 185 transcripts were common to both good and poor-quality semen, while 181 sperm transcripts were unique to good quality semen, and 178 transcripts were unique to poor-quality semen. Among the co-expressed transcripts, 31 were upregulated, while 108 were downregulated, and 46 were neutrally expressed in poor-quality semen. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the dysregulated transcripts were predominantly involved in molecular function, such as olfactory receptor activity and odor binding, and in biological process, such as detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception, sensory perception of smell, signal transduction, and signal synaptic transmission. Since a majority of the dysregulated transcripts were involved in the olfactory pathway (85% of enriched dysregulated genes were involved in this pathway), the expression of selected five transcripts associated with this pathway (OR2T11, OR10S1, ORIL3, OR5M11, and PRRX1) were validated using real-time qPCR, and it was found that their transcriptional abundance followed the same trend as observed in NGS; the sperm transcriptional abundance of OR2T11 and OR10S1 differed significantly (p < 0.05) between good and poor-quality semen. It is concluded that poor-quality semen showed altered expression of transcripts associated with olfactory receptors and pathways indicating the relationship between olfactory pathway and semen quality in bulls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thirumalaisamy Karuthadurai
- Theriogenology Laboratory, Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Southern Regional Station of ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Bengaluru, India
| | - Dayal Nitai Das
- Dairy Production Section, Southern Regional Station of ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Bengaluru, India
| | - Arumugam Kumaresan
- Theriogenology Laboratory, Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Southern Regional Station of ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Bengaluru, India
- *Correspondence: Arumugam Kumaresan ;
| | - Manish Kumar Sinha
- Theriogenology Laboratory, Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Southern Regional Station of ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Bengaluru, India
| | - Elango Kamaraj
- Theriogenology Laboratory, Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Southern Regional Station of ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Bengaluru, India
| | - Pradeep Nag
- Theriogenology Laboratory, Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Southern Regional Station of ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Bengaluru, India
| | - John Peter Ebenezer Samuel King
- Theriogenology Laboratory, Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Southern Regional Station of ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Bengaluru, India
| | - Tirtha Kumar Datta
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Ayyasamy Manimaran
- Dairy Production Section, Southern Regional Station of ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sakthivel Jeyakumar
- Dairy Production Section, Southern Regional Station of ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Bengaluru, India
| | - Kerekoppa Ramesha
- Dairy Production Section, Southern Regional Station of ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Bengaluru, India
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9
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Li S, Xie K. Ductal metaplasia in pancreas. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188698. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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10
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Parte S, Nimmakayala RK, Batra SK, Ponnusamy MP. Acinar to ductal cell trans-differentiation: A prelude to dysplasia and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188669. [PMID: 34915061 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is the deadliest neoplastic epithelial malignancies and is projected to be the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality by 2024. Five years overall survival being ~10%, mortality and incidence rates are disturbing. Acinar to ductal cell metaplasia (ADM) encompasses cellular reprogramming and phenotypic switch-over, making it a cardinal event in tumor initiation. Differential cues and varied regulatory factors drive synchronous functions of metaplastic cell populations leading to multiple cell fates and physiological outcomes. ADM is a precursor for developing early pre-neoplastic lesions further progressing into PC due to oncogenic signaling. Hence delineating molecular events guiding tumor initiation may provide cues for regenerative medicine and precision onco-medicine. Therefore, understanding PC pathogenesis and early diagnosis are crucial. We hereby provide a timely overview of the current progress in this direction and future perspectives we foresee unfolding in the best interest of patient well-being and better clinical management of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Parte
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Rama Krishna Nimmakayala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA; Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
| | - Moorthy P Ponnusamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA; Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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11
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Alvarez Fallas ME, Pedraza-Arevalo S, Cujba AM, Manea T, Lambert C, Morrugares R, Sancho R. Stem/progenitor cells in normal physiology and disease of the pancreas. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 538:111459. [PMID: 34543699 PMCID: PMC8573583 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Though embryonic pancreas progenitors are well characterised, the existence of stem/progenitor cells in the postnatal mammalian pancreas has been long debated, mainly due to contradicting results on regeneration after injury or disease in mice. Despite these controversies, sequencing advancements combined with lineage tracing and organoid technologies indicate that homeostatic and trigger-induced regenerative responses in mice could occur. The presence of putative progenitor cells in the adult pancreas has been proposed during homeostasis and upon different stress challenges such as inflammation, tissue damage and oncogenic stress. More recently, single cell transcriptomics has revealed a remarkable heterogeneity in all pancreas cell types, with some cells showing the signature of potential progenitors. In this review we provide an overview on embryonic and putative adult pancreas progenitors in homeostasis and disease, with special emphasis on in vitro culture systems and scRNA-seq technology as tools to address the progenitor nature of different pancreatic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Enrique Alvarez Fallas
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sergio Pedraza-Arevalo
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ana-Maria Cujba
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Teodora Manea
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Christopher Lambert
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Rosario Morrugares
- Instituto Maimonides de Investigacion Biomedica de Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain; Departamento de Biologia Celular, Fisiologia e Inmunologia, Universidad de Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Rocio Sancho
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany.
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12
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Heller S, Li Z, Lin Q, Geusz R, Breunig M, Hohwieler M, Zhang X, Nair GG, Seufferlein T, Hebrok M, Sander M, Julier C, Kleger A, Costa IG. Transcriptional changes and the role of ONECUT1 in hPSC pancreatic differentiation. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1298. [PMID: 34789845 PMCID: PMC8599846 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02818-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell type specification during pancreatic development is tightly controlled by a transcriptional and epigenetic network. The precise role of most transcription factors, however, has been only described in mice. To convey such concepts to human pancreatic development, alternative model systems such as pancreatic in vitro differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells can be employed. Here, we analyzed stage-specific RNA-, ChIP-, and ATAC-sequencing data to dissect transcriptional and regulatory mechanisms during pancreatic development. Transcriptome and open chromatin maps of pancreatic differentiation from human pluripotent stem cells provide a stage-specific pattern of known pancreatic transcription factors and indicate ONECUT1 as a crucial fate regulator in pancreas progenitors. Moreover, our data suggest that ONECUT1 is also involved in preparing pancreatic progenitors for later endocrine specification. The dissection of the transcriptional and regulatory circuitry revealed an important role for ONECUT1 within such network and will serve as resource to study human development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Heller
- grid.410712.1Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Zhijian Li
- grid.1957.a0000 0001 0728 696XInstitute for Computational Genomics, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
| | - Qiong Lin
- grid.420044.60000 0004 0374 4101Bayer AG, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bioinformatics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ryan Geusz
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Pediatric Diabetes Research Center (PDRC) at the University of California, San Diego, USA
| | - Markus Breunig
- grid.410712.1Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Meike Hohwieler
- grid.410712.1Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Xi Zhang
- grid.410712.1Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Gopika G. Nair
- grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811Diabetes Center at the University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Thomas Seufferlein
- grid.410712.1Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Matthias Hebrok
- grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811Diabetes Center at the University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Maike Sander
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Pediatric Diabetes Research Center (PDRC) at the University of California, San Diego, USA
| | - Cécile Julier
- grid.4444.00000 0001 2112 9282Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR-8104, Paris, France
| | - Alexander Kleger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Ivan G. Costa
- grid.1957.a0000 0001 0728 696XInstitute for Computational Genomics, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
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13
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Mutations and variants of ONECUT1 in diabetes. Nat Med 2021; 27:1928-1940. [PMID: 34663987 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-021-01502-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Genes involved in distinct diabetes types suggest shared disease mechanisms. Here we show that One Cut Homeobox 1 (ONECUT1) mutations cause monogenic recessive syndromic diabetes in two unrelated patients, characterized by intrauterine growth retardation, pancreas hypoplasia and gallbladder agenesis/hypoplasia, and early-onset diabetes in heterozygous relatives. Heterozygous carriers of rare coding variants of ONECUT1 define a distinctive subgroup of diabetic patients with early-onset, nonautoimmune diabetes, who respond well to diabetes treatment. In addition, common regulatory ONECUT1 variants are associated with multifactorial type 2 diabetes. Directed differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells revealed that loss of ONECUT1 impairs pancreatic progenitor formation and a subsequent endocrine program. Loss of ONECUT1 altered transcription factor binding and enhancer activity and NKX2.2/NKX6.1 expression in pancreatic progenitor cells. Collectively, we demonstrate that ONECUT1 controls a transcriptional and epigenetic machinery regulating endocrine development, involved in a spectrum of diabetes, encompassing monogenic (recessive and dominant) as well as multifactorial inheritance. Our findings highlight the broad contribution of ONECUT1 in diabetes pathogenesis, marking an important step toward precision diabetes medicine.
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14
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Tachmatzidi EC, Galanopoulou O, Talianidis I. Transcription Control of Liver Development. Cells 2021; 10:cells10082026. [PMID: 34440795 PMCID: PMC8391549 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
During liver organogenesis, cellular transcriptional profiles are constantly reshaped by the action of hepatic transcriptional regulators, including FoxA1-3, GATA4/6, HNF1α/β, HNF4α, HNF6, OC-2, C/EBPα/β, Hex, and Prox1. These factors are crucial for the activation of hepatic genes that, in the context of compact chromatin, cannot access their targets. The initial opening of highly condensed chromatin is executed by a special class of transcription factors known as pioneer factors. They bind and destabilize highly condensed chromatin and facilitate access to other "non-pioneer" factors. The association of target genes with pioneer and non-pioneer transcription factors takes place long before gene activation. In this way, the underlying gene regulatory regions are marked for future activation. The process is called "bookmarking", which confers transcriptional competence on target genes. Developmental bookmarking is accompanied by a dynamic maturation process, which prepares the genomic loci for stable and efficient transcription. Stable hepatic expression profiles are maintained during development and adulthood by the constant availability of the main regulators. This is achieved by a self-sustaining regulatory network that is established by complex cross-regulatory interactions between the major regulators. This network gradually grows during liver development and provides an epigenetic memory mechanism for safeguarding the optimal expression of the regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia C. Tachmatzidi
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, FORTH, 70013 Herakleion, Crete, Greece; (E.C.T.); (O.G.)
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, 70013 Herakleion, Crete, Greece
| | - Ourania Galanopoulou
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, FORTH, 70013 Herakleion, Crete, Greece; (E.C.T.); (O.G.)
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, 70013 Herakleion, Crete, Greece
| | - Iannis Talianidis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, FORTH, 70013 Herakleion, Crete, Greece; (E.C.T.); (O.G.)
- Correspondence:
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15
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Gilboa Y, Sukenik-Halevy R, Kassif E, Kivilevitch Z, Bardin R, Lopian M, Achiron R, Perlman S. The diagnostic potential of targeted imaging of the fetal pancreas. Prenat Diagn 2021; 41:828-834. [PMID: 33778984 DOI: 10.1002/pd.5939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report our experience with targeted scans of the fetal pancreas. METHODS Targeted scans were performed in 16 cases referred for anatomical or genetic conditions associated with structural pancreatic malformations. RESULTS Four fetuses were evaluated for nephromegaly and macroglossia. In three of them, the pancreas circumference was >90th percentile. Genetic testing revealed Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. In the fourth case, the pancreas circumference was normal; exome sequencing revealed two heterozygous ETFDH gene mutations consistent with glutaric acidemia type II. In a case referred for non-visualization of the gallbladder, the fetal pancreas was not visualized and genetic analysis revealed a mutation in the ONECUT1 gene encoding for HNF6. Targeted scan for heterotaxia revealed three cases with variable degrees of agenesis of the pancreas, one case with a normally structured right sided pancreas and one case with a normal pancreas. Cases referred following a genetic diagnosis included a case of maternal nesidioblastosis with an extremely large fetal pancreas; and five fetuses diagnosed with a TCF2 deletion all with a normal pancreas. CONCLUSIONS Prenatal assessment of the fetal pancreas may be a significant factor in prenatal diagnosis and counselling in cases presenting with anatomical and genetic conditions reported post-natally to be associated with pancreatic structural and functional abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinon Gilboa
- Ultrasound Unit, The Helen Schneider Women's Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Rivka Sukenik-Halevy
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Raphael Recanati Genetic Institute, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Eran Kassif
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Prenatal Diagnostic Unit, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Zvi Kivilevitch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Prenatal Diagnostic Unit, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Ron Bardin
- Ultrasound Unit, The Helen Schneider Women's Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Miriam Lopian
- Ultrasound Unit, The Helen Schneider Women's Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Reuven Achiron
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Prenatal Diagnostic Unit, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Sharon Perlman
- Ultrasound Unit, The Helen Schneider Women's Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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16
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Sanchez Caballero L, Gorgogietas V, Arroyo MN, Igoillo-Esteve M. Molecular mechanisms of β-cell dysfunction and death in monogenic forms of diabetes. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 359:139-256. [PMID: 33832649 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Monogenetic forms of diabetes represent 1%-5% of all diabetes cases and are caused by mutations in a single gene. These mutations, that affect genes involved in pancreatic β-cell development, function and survival, or insulin regulation, may be dominant or recessive, inherited or de novo. Most patients with monogenic diabetes are very commonly misdiagnosed as having type 1 or type 2 diabetes. The severity of their symptoms depends on the nature of the mutation, the function of the affected gene and, in some cases, the influence of additional genetic or environmental factors that modulate severity and penetrance. In some patients, diabetes is accompanied by other syndromic features such as deafness, blindness, microcephaly, liver and intestinal defects, among others. The age of diabetes onset may also vary from neonatal until early adulthood manifestations. Since the different mutations result in diverse clinical presentations, patients usually need different treatments that range from just diet and exercise, to the requirement of exogenous insulin or other hypoglycemic drugs, e.g., sulfonylureas or glucagon-like peptide 1 analogs to control their glycemia. As a consequence, awareness and correct diagnosis are crucial for the proper management and treatment of monogenic diabetes patients. In this chapter, we describe mutations causing different monogenic forms of diabetes associated with inadequate pancreas development or impaired β-cell function and survival, and discuss the molecular mechanisms involved in β-cell demise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sanchez Caballero
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research (UCDR), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium. http://www.ucdr.be/
| | - Vyron Gorgogietas
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research (UCDR), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium. http://www.ucdr.be/
| | - Maria Nicol Arroyo
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research (UCDR), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium. http://www.ucdr.be/
| | - Mariana Igoillo-Esteve
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research (UCDR), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium. http://www.ucdr.be/.
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17
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Huang D, Wang R. Exploring the mechanism of pancreatic cell fate decisions via cell-cell communication. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2021; 18:2401-2424. [PMID: 33892552 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2021122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The endocrine and exocrine cells in pancreas originate initially from a group of apparently identical endoderm cells in the early gut. The endocrine and exocrine tissues are composed of islet/acinar and duct cells respectively. To explore the mechanism of pancreas cell fate decisions, we first construct a minimal mathematical model related to pancreatic regulations. The regulatory mechanism of acinar-to-islet cell conversion is revealed by bifurcation analysis of the model. In addition, Notch signaling is critical in determining the fate of endocrine and exocrine in the developing pancreas and it is a typical mediator of lateral inhibition which instructs adjacent cells to make different fate decisions. Next, we construct a multicellular model of cell-cell communication mediated by Notch signaling with trans-activation and cis-inhibition. The roles of Notch signaling in regulating fate decisions of endocrine and exocrine cells during the differentiation of pancreatic cells are explored. The results indicate that high (or low) level of Notch signaling drive cells to select the fate of exocrine (or endocrine) progenitor cells. The networks and the models presented here might be good candidates for providing qualitative mechanisms of pancreatic cell fate decisions. These results can also provide some insight on choosing perturbation strategies for further experimental analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dasong Huang
- Department of Mathematics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Ruiqi Wang
- Department of Mathematics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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18
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Goenka V, Borkar T, Desai A, Das RK. Therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells in treating both types of diabetes mellitus and associated diseases. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2020; 19:1979-1993. [PMID: 33520872 PMCID: PMC7843693 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-020-00647-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a common lifestyle disease which can be classified into type 1 diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes mellitus. While both result in hyperglycemia due to lack of insulin action and further associated chronic ailments, there is a marked distinction in the cause for each type due to which both require a different prophylaxis. As observed, type 1 diabetes is caused due to the autoimmune action of the body resulting in the destruction of pancreatic islet cells. On the other hand, type 2 diabetes is caused either due to insulin resistance of target cells or lack of insulin production as per physiological requirements. Attempts to cure the disease have been made by bringing drastic changes in the patients' lifestyle; parenteral administration of insulin; prescription of drugs such as biguanides, meglitinides, and amylin; pancreatic transplantation; and immunotherapy. While these attempts cause a certain degree of relief to the patient, none of these can cure diabetes mellitus. However, a new treatment strategy led by the discovery of mesenchymal stem cells and their unique immunomodulatory and multipotent properties has inspired therapies to treat diabetes by essentially reversing the conditions causing the disease. The current review aims to enumerate the role of various mesenchymal stem cells and the different approaches to treat both types of diabetes and its associated diseases as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidul Goenka
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Tanhai Borkar
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Aska Desai
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Raunak Kumar Das
- Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu India
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19
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Dose-dependent regulation of horizontal cell fate by Onecut family of transcription factors. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237403. [PMID: 32790713 PMCID: PMC7425962 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome duplication leads to an emergence of gene paralogs that are essentially free to undergo the process of neofunctionalization, subfunctionalization or degeneration (gene loss). Onecut1 (Oc1) and Onecut2 (Oc2) transcription factors, encoded by paralogous genes in mammals, are expressed in precursors of horizontal cells (HCs), retinal ganglion cells and cone photoreceptors. Previous studies have shown that ablation of either Oc1 or Oc2 gene in the mouse retina results in a decreased number of HCs, while simultaneous deletion of Oc1 and Oc2 leads to a complete loss of HCs. Here we study the genetic redundancy between Oc1 and Oc2 paralogs and focus on how the dose of Onecut transcription factors influences abundance of individual retinal cell types and overall retina physiology. Our data show that reducing the number of functional Oc alleles in the developing retina leads to a gradual decrease in the number of HCs, progressive thinning of the outer plexiform layer and diminished electrophysiology responses. Taken together, these observations indicate that in the context of HC population, the alleles of Oc1/Oc2 paralogous genes are mutually interchangeable, function additively to support proper retinal function and their molecular evolution does not follow one of the typical routes after gene duplication.
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20
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Host Transcription Factors in Hepatitis B Virus RNA Synthesis. Viruses 2020; 12:v12020160. [PMID: 32019103 PMCID: PMC7077322 DOI: 10.3390/v12020160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The hepatitis B virus (HBV) chronically infects over 250 million people worldwide and is one of the leading causes of liver cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. HBV persistence is due in part to the highly stable HBV minichromosome or HBV covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) that resides in the nucleus. As HBV replication requires the help of host transcription factors to replicate, focusing on host protein–HBV genome interactions may reveal insights into new drug targets against cccDNA. The structural details on such complexes, however, remain poorly defined. In this review, the current literature regarding host transcription factors’ interactions with HBV cccDNA is discussed.
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21
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Toch M, Harris A, Schakman O, Kondratskaya E, Boulland JL, Dauguet N, Debrulle S, Baudouin C, Hidalgo-Figueroa M, Mu X, Gow A, Glover JC, Tissir F, Clotman F. Onecut-dependent Nkx6.2 transcription factor expression is required for proper formation and activity of spinal locomotor circuits. Sci Rep 2020; 10:996. [PMID: 31969659 PMCID: PMC6976625 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57945-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In the developing spinal cord, Onecut transcription factors control the diversification of motor neurons into distinct neuronal subsets by ensuring the maintenance of Isl1 expression during differentiation. However, other genes downstream of the Onecut proteins and involved in motor neuron diversification have remained unidentified. In the present study, we generated conditional mutant embryos carrying specific inactivation of Onecut genes in the developing motor neurons, performed RNA-sequencing to identify factors downstream of Onecut proteins in this neuron population, and employed additional transgenic mouse models to assess the role of one specific Onecut-downstream target, the transcription factor Nkx6.2. Nkx6.2 expression was up-regulated in Onecut-deficient motor neurons, but strongly downregulated in Onecut-deficient V2a interneurons, indicating an opposite regulation of Nkx6.2 by Onecut factors in distinct spinal neuron populations. Nkx6.2-null embryos, neonates and adult mice exhibited alterations of locomotor pattern and spinal locomotor network activity, likely resulting from defective survival of a subset of limb-innervating motor neurons and abnormal migration of V2a interneurons. Taken together, our results indicate that Nkx6.2 regulates the development of spinal neuronal populations and the formation of the spinal locomotor circuits downstream of the Onecut transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Toch
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Neuroscience, Laboratory of Neural Differentiation, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Audrey Harris
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Neuroscience, Laboratory of Neural Differentiation, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olivier Schakman
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Neuroscience, Laboratory of Cell Physiology, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Elena Kondratskaya
- Laboratory for Neural Development and Optical Recording (NDEVOR), Section for Physiology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jean-Luc Boulland
- Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nicolas Dauguet
- Université catholique de Louvain, de Duve Institute, Flow cytometry and cell sorting facility (CYTF), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stéphanie Debrulle
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Neuroscience, Laboratory of Neural Differentiation, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Baudouin
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Neuroscience, Laboratory of Neural Differentiation, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maria Hidalgo-Figueroa
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Neuroscience, Laboratory of Neural Differentiation, Brussels, Belgium.,CIBER de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.,University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Xiuqian Mu
- Department of Ophthalmology/Ross Eye Institute, New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Alexander Gow
- Wayne state University, Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Department of Neurology, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Joel C Glover
- Laboratory for Neural Development and Optical Recording (NDEVOR), Section for Physiology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Fadel Tissir
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Neuroscience, Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Clotman
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Neuroscience, Laboratory of Neural Differentiation, Brussels, Belgium.
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22
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Bulanenkova SS, Snezhkov EV, Akopov SB. SOX9 as One of the Central Units of Regulation Axis of Pancreas Embryogenesis and Cancer Progression. MOLECULAR GENETICS MICROBIOLOGY AND VIROLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.3103/s0891416819030030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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23
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Masgutova G, Harris A, Jacob B, Corcoran LM, Clotman F. Pou2f2 Regulates the Distribution of Dorsal Interneurons in the Mouse Developing Spinal Cord. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:263. [PMID: 31787878 PMCID: PMC6853997 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal dorsal interneurons, which are generated during embryonic development, relay and process sensory inputs from the periphery to the central nervous system. Proper integration of these cells into neuronal circuitry depends on their correct positioning within the spinal parenchyma. Molecular cues that control neuronal migration have been extensively characterized but the genetic programs that regulate their production remain poorly investigated. Onecut (OC) transcription factors have been shown to control the migration of the dorsal interneurons (dINs) during spinal cord development. Here, we report that the OC factors moderate the expression of Pou2f2, a transcription factor essential for B-cell differentiation, in spinal dINs. Overexpression or inactivation of Pou2f2 leads to alterations in the differentiation of dI2, dI3 and Phox2a-positive dI5 populations and to defects in the distribution of dI2-dI6 interneurons. Thus, an OC-Pou2f2 genetic cascade regulates adequate diversification and distribution of dINs during embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gauhar Masgutova
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Neuroscience, Laboratory of Neural Differentiation, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Audrey Harris
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Neuroscience, Laboratory of Neural Differentiation, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Benvenuto Jacob
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Neuroscience, System and Cognition Division, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lynn M Corcoran
- Molecular Immunology Division and Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Frédéric Clotman
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Neuroscience, Laboratory of Neural Differentiation, Brussels, Belgium
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24
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CBP and p300 coactivators contribute to the maintenance of Isl1 expression by the Onecut transcription factors in embryonic spinal motor neurons. Mol Cell Neurosci 2019; 101:103411. [PMID: 31648029 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2019.103411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Onecut transcription factors are required to maintain Islet1 (Isl1) expression in developing spinal motor neurons (MNs), and this process is critical for proper MN differentiation. However, the mechanisms whereby OC stimulate Isl1 expression remain unknown. CREB-binding protein (CBP) and p300 paralogs are transcriptional coactivators that interact with OC proteins in hepatic cells. In the embryonic spinal cord, CBP and p300 play key roles in neurogenesis and MN differentiation. Here, using chromatin immunoprecipitation and in ovo electroporation in chicken spinal cord, we provide evidence that CBP and p300 contribute to the regulation of Isl1 expression by the OC factors in embryonic spinal MNs. CBP and p300 are detected on the CREST2 enhancer of Isl1 where OC factors are also bound. Inhibition of CBP and p300 activity inhibits activation of the CREST2 enhancer and prevents the stimulation of Isl1 expression by the OC factors. These observations suggest that CBP and p300 coactivators cooperate with OC factors to maintain Isl1 expression in postmitotic MNs.
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25
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Discovery of Transcription Factors Novel to Mouse Cerebellar Granule Cell Development Through Laser-Capture Microdissection. THE CEREBELLUM 2019; 17:308-325. [PMID: 29307116 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-017-0912-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Laser-capture microdissection was used to isolate external germinal layer tissue from three developmental periods of mouse cerebellar development: embryonic days 13, 15, and 18. The cerebellar granule cell-enriched mRNA library was generated with next-generation sequencing using the Helicos technology. Our objective was to discover transcriptional regulators that could be important for the development of cerebellar granule cells-the most numerous neuron in the central nervous system. Through differential expression analysis, we have identified 82 differentially expressed transcription factors (TFs) from a total of 1311 differentially expressed genes. In addition, with TF-binding sequence analysis, we have identified 46 TF candidates that could be key regulators responsible for the variation in the granule cell transcriptome between developmental stages. Altogether, we identified 125 potential TFs (82 from differential expression analysis, 46 from motif analysis with 3 overlaps in the two sets). From this gene set, 37 TFs are considered novel due to the lack of previous knowledge about their roles in cerebellar development. The results from transcriptome-wide analyses were validated with existing online databases, qRT-PCR, and in situ hybridization. This study provides an initial insight into the TFs of cerebellar granule cells that might be important for development and provide valuable information for further functional studies on these transcriptional regulators.
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26
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Harris A, Masgutova G, Collin A, Toch M, Hidalgo-Figueroa M, Jacob B, Corcoran LM, Francius C, Clotman F. Onecut Factors and Pou2f2 Regulate the Distribution of V2 Interneurons in the Mouse Developing Spinal Cord. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:184. [PMID: 31231191 PMCID: PMC6561314 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquisition of proper neuronal identity and position is critical for the formation of neural circuits. In the embryonic spinal cord, cardinal populations of interneurons diversify into specialized subsets and migrate to defined locations within the spinal parenchyma. However, the factors that control interneuron diversification and migration remain poorly characterized. Here, we show that the Onecut transcription factors are necessary for proper diversification and distribution of the V2 interneurons in the developing spinal cord. Furthermore, we uncover that these proteins restrict and moderate the expression of spinal isoforms of Pou2f2, a transcription factor known to regulate B-cell differentiation. By gain- or loss-of-function experiments, we show that Pou2f2 contribute to regulate the position of V2 populations in the developing spinal cord. Thus, we uncovered a genetic pathway that regulates the diversification and the distribution of V2 interneurons during embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Harris
- Laboratory of Neural Differentiation, Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gauhar Masgutova
- Laboratory of Neural Differentiation, Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Amandine Collin
- Laboratory of Neural Differentiation, Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mathilde Toch
- Laboratory of Neural Differentiation, Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maria Hidalgo-Figueroa
- Laboratory of Neural Differentiation, Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Benvenuto Jacob
- Institute of Neuroscience, System and Cognition Division, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lynn M. Corcoran
- Molecular Immunology Division and Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Cédric Francius
- Laboratory of Neural Differentiation, Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Clotman
- Laboratory of Neural Differentiation, Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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27
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Yu XX, Qiu WL, Yang L, Zhang Y, He MY, Li LC, Xu CR. Defining multistep cell fate decision pathways during pancreatic development at single-cell resolution. EMBO J 2019; 38:e100164. [PMID: 30737258 PMCID: PMC6463266 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2018100164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of terminally differentiated cell lineages during organogenesis requires multiple, coordinated cell fate choice steps. However, this process has not been clearly delineated, especially in complex solid organs such as the pancreas. Here, we performed single-cell RNA-sequencing in pancreatic cells sorted from multiple genetically modified reporter mouse strains at embryonic stages E9.5-E17.5. We deciphered the developmental trajectories and regulatory strategies of the exocrine and endocrine pancreatic lineages as well as intermediate progenitor populations along the developmental pathways. Notably, we discovered previously undefined programs representing the earliest events in islet α- and β-cell lineage allocation as well as the developmental pathway of the "first wave" of α-cell generation. Furthermore, we demonstrated that repressing ERK pathway activity is essential for inducing both α- and β-lineage differentiation. This study provides key insights into the regulatory mechanisms underlying cell fate choice and stepwise cell fate commitment and can be used as a resource to guide the induction of functional islet lineage cells from stem cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Xin Yu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Lin Qiu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- PKU-Tsinghua-NIBS Graduate Program, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Mao-Yang He
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- PKU-Tsinghua-NIBS Graduate Program, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin-Chen Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng-Ran Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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28
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Regulation of the Pancreatic Exocrine Differentiation Program and Morphogenesis by Onecut 1/Hnf6. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 7:841-856. [PMID: 30831323 PMCID: PMC6476890 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The Onecut 1 transcription factor (Oc1, a.k.a. HNF6) promotes differentiation of endocrine and duct cells of the pancreas; however, it has no known role in acinar cell differentiation. We sought to better understand the role of Oc1 in exocrine pancreas development and to identify its direct transcriptional targets. METHODS Pancreata from Oc1Δpanc (Oc1fl/fl;Pdx1-Cre) mouse embryos and neonates were analyzed morphologically. High-throughput RNA-sequencing was performed on control and Oc1-deficient pancreas; chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing was performed on wild-type embryonic mouse pancreata to identify direct Oc1 transcriptional targets. Immunofluorescence labeling was used to confirm the RNA-sequencing /chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing results and to further investigate the effects of Oc1 loss on acinar cells. RESULTS Loss of Oc1 from the developing pancreatic epithelium resulted in disrupted duct and acinar cell development. RNA-sequencing revealed decreased expression of acinar cell regulatory factors (Nr5a2, Ptf1a, Gata4, Mist1) and functional genes (Amylase, Cpa1, Prss1, Spink1) at embryonic day (e) 18.5 in Oc1Δpanc samples. Approximately 1000 of the altered genes were also identified as direct Oc1 targets by chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing, including most of the previously noted genes. By immunolabeling, we confirmed that Amylase, Mist1, and GATA4 protein levels are significantly decreased by P2, and Spink1 protein levels were significantly reduced and mislocalized. The pancreatic duct regulatory factors Hnf1β and FoxA2 were also identified as direct Oc1 targets. CONCLUSIONS These findings confirm that Oc1 is an important regulator of both duct and acinar cell development in the embryonic pancreas. Novel transcriptional targets of Oc1 have now been identified and provide clarity into the mechanisms of Oc1 transcriptional regulation in the developing exocrine pancreas. Oc1 can now be included in the gene-regulatory network of acinar cell regulatory genes. Oc1 regulates other acinar cell regulatory factors and acinar cell functional genes directly, and it can also regulate some acinar cell regulatory factors (eg, Mist1) indirectly. Oc1 therefore plays an important role in acinar cell development.
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29
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Parekh U, Wu Y, Zhao D, Worlikar A, Shah N, Zhang K, Mali P. Mapping Cellular Reprogramming via Pooled Overexpression Screens with Paired Fitness and Single-Cell RNA-Sequencing Readout. Cell Syst 2018; 7:548-555.e8. [PMID: 30448000 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the effects of genetic perturbations on the cellular state has been challenging using traditional pooled screens, which typically rely on the delivery of a single perturbation per cell and unidimensional phenotypic readouts. Here, we use barcoded open reading frame overexpression libraries coupled with single-cell RNA sequencing to assay cell state and fitness, a technique we call SEUSS (scalable functional screening by sequencing). Using SEUSS, we perturbed hPSCs with a library of developmentally critical transcription factors (TFs) and assayed the impact of TF overexpression on fitness and transcriptomic states. We further leveraged the versatility of the ORF library approach to assay mutant genes and whole gene families. From the transcriptomic responses, we built genetic co-regulatory networks to identify altered gene modules and found that KLF4 and SNAI2 drive opposing effects along the epithelial-mesenchymal transition axis. From the fitness responses, we identified ETV2 as a driver of reprogramming toward an endothelial-like state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udit Parekh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Dongxin Zhao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Atharv Worlikar
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Neha Shah
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Prashant Mali
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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30
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Sun J, Zhao F, Zhang W, Lv J, Lv J, Yin A. BMSCs and miR-124a ameliorated diabetic nephropathy via inhibiting notch signalling pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:4840-4855. [PMID: 30024097 PMCID: PMC6156290 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BMSCs are important in replacement therapy of diabetic nephropathy (DN). MiR‐124a exerts effect on the differentiation capability of pancreatic progenitor cells. The objective of this study was to explore the molecular mechanisms, the functions of miR‐124a and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in the treatment of DN. Characterizations of BMSCs were identified using the inverted microscope and flow cytometer. The differentiations of BMSCs were analysed by immunofluorescence assay and DTZ staining. The expression levels of islet cell‐specific transcription factors, apoptosis‐related genes, podocytes‐related genes and Notch signalling components were detected using quantitative real‐time reverse transcription PCR (qRT‐PCR) and Western blot assays. The production of insulin secretion was detected by adopting radioimmunoassay. Cell proliferation and apoptosis abilities were detected by CCK‐8, flow cytometry and TUNEL assays. We found that BMSCs was induced into islet‐like cells and that miR‐124a could promote the BMSCs to differentiate into islet‐like cells. BMSCs in combination with miR‐124a regulated islet cell‐specific transcription factors, apoptosis‐related genes, podocytes‐related genes as well as the activity of Notch signalling pathway. However, BMSCs in combination with miR‐124a relieved renal lesion caused by DN and decreased podocyte apoptosis caused by HG. The protective effect of BMSCs in combination with miR‐124a was closely related to the inactivation of Notch signalling pathway. MSCs in combination with miR‐124a protected kidney tissue from impairment and inhibited nephrocyte apoptosis in DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiping Sun
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fei Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jia Lv
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Lv
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Aiping Yin
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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31
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Jakubison BL, Schweickert PG, Moser SE, Yang Y, Gao H, Scully K, Itkin-Ansari P, Liu Y, Konieczny SF. Induced PTF1a expression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells activates acinar gene networks, reduces tumorigenic properties, and sensitizes cells to gemcitabine treatment. Mol Oncol 2018; 12:1104-1124. [PMID: 29719936 PMCID: PMC6026875 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic acinar cells synthesize, package, and secrete digestive enzymes into the duodenum to aid in nutrient absorption and meet metabolic demands. When exposed to cellular stresses and insults, acinar cells undergo a dedifferentiation process termed acinar-ductal metaplasia (ADM). ADM lesions with oncogenic mutations eventually give rise to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). In healthy pancreata, the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) factors MIST1 and PTF1a coordinate an acinar-specific transcription network that maintains the highly developed differentiation status of the cells, protecting the pancreas from undergoing a transformative process. However, when MIST1 and PTF1a gene expression is silenced, cells are more prone to progress to PDAC. In this study, we tested whether induced MIST1 or PTF1a expression in PDAC cells could (i) re-establish the transcriptional program of differentiated acinar cells and (ii) simultaneously reduce tumor cell properties. As predicted, PTF1a induced gene expression of digestive enzymes and acinar-specific transcription factors, while MIST1 induced gene expression of vesicle trafficking molecules as well as activation of unfolded protein response components, all of which are essential to handle the high protein production load that is characteristic of acinar cells. Importantly, induction of PTF1a in PDAC also influenced cancer-associated properties, leading to a decrease in cell proliferation, cancer stem cell numbers, and repression of key ATP-binding cassette efflux transporters resulting in heightened sensitivity to gemcitabine. Thus, activation of pancreatic bHLH transcription factors rescues the acinar gene program and decreases tumorigenic properties in pancreatic cancer cells, offering unique opportunities to develop novel therapeutic intervention strategies for this deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad L Jakubison
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Patrick G Schweickert
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Sarah E Moser
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Hongyu Gao
- Laboratory for Computational Genomics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kathleen Scully
- Development and Aging Program, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Pamela Itkin-Ansari
- Development and Aging Program, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yunlong Liu
- Laboratory for Computational Genomics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Stephen F Konieczny
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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32
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The molecular functions of hepatocyte nuclear factors - In and beyond the liver. J Hepatol 2018; 68:1033-1048. [PMID: 29175243 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2017.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The hepatocyte nuclear factors (HNFs) namely HNF1α/β, FOXA1/2/3, HNF4α/γ and ONECUT1/2 are expressed in a variety of tissues and organs, including the liver, pancreas and kidney. The spatial and temporal manner of HNF expression regulates embryonic development and subsequently the development of multiple tissues during adulthood. Though the HNFs were initially identified individually based on their roles in the liver, numerous studies have now revealed that the HNFs cross-regulate one another and exhibit synergistic relationships in the regulation of tissue development and function. The complex HNF transcriptional regulatory networks have largely been elucidated in rodent models, but less so in human biological systems. Several heterozygous mutations in these HNFs were found to cause diseases in humans but not in rodents, suggesting clear species-specific differences in mutational mechanisms that remain to be uncovered. In this review, we compare and contrast the expression patterns of the HNFs, the HNF cross-regulatory networks and how these liver-enriched transcription factors serve multiple functions in the liver and beyond, extending our focus to the pancreas and kidney. We also summarise the insights gained from both human and rodent studies of mutations in several HNFs that are known to lead to different disease conditions.
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33
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Jimenez-Caliani AJ, Pillich R, Yang W, Diaferia GR, Meda P, Crisa L, Cirulli V. αE-Catenin Is a Positive Regulator of Pancreatic Islet Cell Lineage Differentiation. Cell Rep 2018; 20:1295-1306. [PMID: 28793255 PMCID: PMC5611824 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The development and function of epithelia depend on the establishment and maintenance of cell-cell adhesion and intercellular junctions, which operate as mechanosensor hubs for the transduction of biochemical signals regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, and regeneration. Here, we show that αE-catenin, a key component of adherens junctions, functions as a positive regulator of pancreatic islet cell lineage differentiation by repressing the sonic hedgehog pathway (SHH). Thus, deletion of αE-catenin in multipotent pancreatic progenitors resulted in (1) loss of adherens junctions, (2) constitutive activation of SHH, (3) decrease in islet cell lineage differentiation, and (4) accumulation of immature Sox9+ progenitors. Pharmacological blockade of SHH signaling in pancreatic organ cultures and in vivo rescued this defect, allowing αE-catenin-null Sox9+ pancreatic progenitors to differentiate into endocrine cells. The results uncover crucial functions of αE-catenin in pancreatic islet development and harbor significant implications for the design of β cell replacement and regeneration therapies in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio J Jimenez-Caliani
- Department of Medicine, UW Diabetes Institute, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Dermatology, Rheumatology, Diabetology, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Rudolf Pillich
- Department of Medicine, UW Diabetes Institute, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Wendy Yang
- Department of Medicine, UW Diabetes Institute, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Giuseppe R Diaferia
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Meda
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laura Crisa
- Department of Medicine, UW Diabetes Institute, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Vincenzo Cirulli
- Department of Medicine, UW Diabetes Institute, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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34
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Kropp PA, Dunn JC, Carboneau BA, Stoffers DA, Gannon M. Cooperative function of Pdx1 and Oc1 in multipotent pancreatic progenitors impacts postnatal islet maturation and adaptability. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 314:E308-E321. [PMID: 29351489 PMCID: PMC5966755 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00260.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factors pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (Pdx1) and onecut1 (Oc1) are coexpressed in multipotent pancreatic progenitors (MPCs), but their expression patterns diverge in hormone-expressing cells, with Oc1 expression being extinguished in the endocrine lineage and Pdx1 being maintained at high levels in β-cells. We previously demonstrated that cooperative function of these two factors in MPCs is necessary for proper specification and differentiation of pancreatic endocrine cells. In those studies, we observed a persistent decrease in expression of the β-cell maturity factor MafA. We therefore hypothesized that Pdx1 and Oc1 cooperativity in MPCs impacts postnatal β-cell maturation and function. Here our model of Pdx1-Oc1 double heterozygosity was used to investigate the impact of haploinsufficiency for both of these factors on postnatal β-cell maturation, function, and adaptability. Examining mice at postnatal day (P) 14, we observed alterations in pancreatic insulin content in both Pdx1 heterozygotes and double heterozygotes. Gene expression analysis at this age revealed significantly decreased expression of many genes important for glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (e.g., Glut2, Pcsk1/2, Abcc8) exclusively in double heterozygotes. Analysis of P14 islets revealed an increase in the number of mixed islets in double heterozygotes. We predicted that double-heterozygous β-cells would have an impaired ability to respond to stress. Indeed, we observed that β-cell proliferation fails to increase in double heterozygotes in response to either high-fat diet or placental lactogen. We thus report here the importance of cooperation between regulatory factors early in development for postnatal islet maturation and adaptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Kropp
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jennifer C Dunn
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Authority, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Bethany A Carboneau
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Authority, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Doris A Stoffers
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Maureen Gannon
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Authority, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee
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35
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Das KK, Heeg S, Pitarresi JR, Reichert M, Bakir B, Takano S, Kopp JL, Wahl-Feuerstein A, Hicks P, Sander M, Rustgi AK. ETV5 regulates ductal morphogenesis with Sox9 and is critical for regeneration from pancreatitis. Dev Dyn 2018. [PMID: 29532564 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The plasticity of pancreatic acinar cells to undergo acinar to ductal metaplasia (ADM) has been demonstrated to contribute to the regeneration of the pancreas in response to injury. Sox9 is critical for ductal cell fate and important in the formation of ADM, most likely in concert with a complex hierarchy of, as yet, not fully elucidated transcription factors. RESULTS By using a mouse model of acute pancreatitis and three dimensional organoid culture of primary pancreatic ductal cells, we herein characterize the Ets-transcription factor Etv5 as a pivotal regulator of ductal cell identity and ADM that acts upstream of Sox9 and is essential for Sox9 expression in ADM. Loss of Etv5 is associated with increased severity of acute pancreatitis and impaired ADM formation leading to delayed tissue regeneration and recovery in response to injury. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide new insights in the regulation of ADM with implications in our understanding of pancreatic homeostasis, pancreatitis and epithelial plasticity. Developmental Dynamics 247:854-866, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koushik K Das
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Steffen Heeg
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Medicine II, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jason R Pitarresi
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Maximilian Reichert
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,II. Medizinische Klinik, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Basil Bakir
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Shigetsugu Takano
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Janel L Kopp
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Anja Wahl-Feuerstein
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Philip Hicks
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Maike Sander
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California
| | - Anil K Rustgi
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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36
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Augereau C, Collet L, Vargiu P, Guerra C, Ortega S, Lemaigre FP, Jacquemin P. Chronic pancreatitis and lipomatosis are associated with defective function of ciliary genes in pancreatic ductal cells. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 25:5017-5026. [PMID: 28159992 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic diseases associated with defects in primary cilia are classified as ciliopathies. Pancreatic lesions and ductal cysts are found in patients with ciliopathic polycystic kidney diseases suggesting a close connection between pancreatic defects and primary cilia. Here we investigate the role of two genes whose deletion is known to cause primary cilium defects, namely Hnf6 and Lkb1, in pancreatic ductal homeostasis. We find that mice with postnatal duct-specific deletion of Hnf6 or Lkb1 show duct dilations. Cells lining dilated ducts present shorter cilia with swollen tips, suggesting defective intraciliary transport. This is associated with signs of chronic pancreatitis, namely acinar-to-ductal metaplasia, acinar proliferation and apoptosis, presence of inflammatory infiltrates, fibrosis and lipomatosis. Our data reveal a tight association between ductal ciliary defects and pancreatitis with perturbed acinar homeostasis and differentiation. Such injuries can account for the increased risk to develop pancreatic cancer in Peutz-Jeghers patients who carry LKB1 loss-of-function mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Augereau
- Université catholique de Louvain, de Duve Institute, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Louis Collet
- Université catholique de Louvain, de Duve Institute, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierfrancesco Vargiu
- Transgenic Mice Core Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Guerra
- Molecular Oncology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sagrario Ortega
- Transgenic Mice Core Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Patrick Jacquemin
- Université catholique de Louvain, de Duve Institute, Brussels, Belgium
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Petersen MB, Gonçalves CA, Kim YH, Grapin-Botton A. Recapitulating and Deciphering Human Pancreas Development From Human Pluripotent Stem Cells in a Dish. Curr Top Dev Biol 2018; 129:143-190. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Maldonado M, Huang T, Yang L, Xu L, Ma L. Human umbilical cord Wharton jelly cells promote extra-pancreatic insulin formation and repair of renal damage in STZ-induced diabetic mice. Cell Commun Signal 2017; 15:43. [PMID: 29041943 PMCID: PMC5645864 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-017-0199-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We evaluated the therapeutic effect and fate of high doses of human umbilical cord Wharton jelly cells (hUCWJCs) after IP administration to streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. METHODS Type 1 diabetes (T1D) was induced in Kunming mice via IP injection of STZ. hUCWJCs were labeled with 1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (DiI). Diabetic animals with sustained hyperglycemia for at least 2 weeks were administered 1 × 107 Dil-hUCWJCs via intraperitoneal injection. Insulin, glucagon and PDX-1 were detected by immunofluorescence with confocal microscopy. Serum mouse and human C-peptide was assayed in blood collected via intracardiac puncture. Specific β-cell differentiation markers and human DNA were assessed using qPCR performed with 200 ng of target DNA. RESULTS hUCWJCs migrated to the STZ-damaged organs and contributed to lower blood glucose levels in 30% of the treated mice. Confocal microscopy revealed the presence of resident insulin-positive cells in the liver and kidneys. hUCWJC-treated mice with restored hyperglycemia also showed increased serum mouse C-peptide levels. The qPCR results, particularly in the liver, revealed that after transplantation hUCWJCs upregulated genes of endocrine precursors but failed to express endocrine stage markers. Mice with restored hyperglycemia had reduced urinary volume and lacked glomerular hypertrophy, exhibiting a morphology resembling that of normal glomeruli. Moreover, we also verified that one of the possible mechanisms by which hUCWJCs exert immunosuppressive effects is through down-regulation of the cell surface receptor HLA-1. CONCLUSIONS We confirmed the potential of IP administration of hUCWJCs and the capability of these cells to migrate to damaged tissues and promote insulin secretion from non-pancreatic local cells and to improve renal damage. These findings confer unique therapeutic properties to hUCWJCs, suggesting a promising future in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Maldonado
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041 People’s Republic of China
- Translational Medical Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling road, Shantou, Guangdong 515041 People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Research Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041 People’s Republic of China
- Reproductive Medicine & Genetics, Chengdu Jinjiang Hospital for Maternal & Child Health Care, Chengdu, 610066 China
| | - Tianhua Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Research Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041 People’s Republic of China
- Reproductive Medicine & Genetics, Chengdu Jinjiang Hospital for Maternal & Child Health Care, Chengdu, 610066 China
| | - Lujun Yang
- Translational Medical Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling road, Shantou, Guangdong 515041 People’s Republic of China
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lan Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Research Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lian Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041 People’s Republic of China
- Translational Medical Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling road, Shantou, Guangdong 515041 People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pediatrics, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Shenzhen University, 518052 Shenzhen, Guangdong People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pediatrics, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Pingshan District, 518122 Shenzhen, Guangdong People’s Republic of China
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Kurian SM, Ferreri K, Wang CH, Todorov I, Al-Abdullah IH, Rawson J, Mullen Y, Salomon DR, Kandeel F. Gene expression signature predicts human islet integrity and transplant functionality in diabetic mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185331. [PMID: 28968432 PMCID: PMC5624587 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that transplantation of cadaveric human islets is an effective therapy for type 1 diabetes. However, gauging the suitability of islet samples for clinical use remains a challenge. We hypothesized that islet quality is reflected in the expression of specific genes. Therefore, gene expression in 59 human islet preparations was analyzed and correlated with diabetes reversal after transplantation in diabetic mice. Analysis yielded 262 differentially expressed probesets, which together predict islet quality with 83% accuracy. Pathway analysis revealed that failing islet preparations activated inflammatory pathways, while functional islets showed increased regeneration pathway gene expression. Gene expression associated with apoptosis and oxygen consumption showed little overlap with each other or with the 262 probeset classifier, indicating that the three tests are measuring different aspects of islet cell biology. A subset of 36 probesets surpassed the predictive accuracy of the entire set for reversal of diabetes, and was further reduced by logistic regression to sets of 14 and 5 without losing accuracy. These genes were further validated with an independent cohort of 16 samples. We believe this limited number of gene classifiers in combination with other tests may provide complementary verification of islet quality prior to their clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil M. Kurian
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Kevin Ferreri
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Diabetes, and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Chia-Hao Wang
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Diabetes, and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Ivan Todorov
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Diabetes, and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Ismail H. Al-Abdullah
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Diabetes, and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Rawson
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Diabetes, and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Yoko Mullen
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Diabetes, and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Daniel R. Salomon
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Fouad Kandeel
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Diabetes, and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Al-Khawaga S, Memon B, Butler AE, Taheri S, Abou-Samra AB, Abdelalim EM. Pathways governing development of stem cell-derived pancreatic β cells: lessons from embryogenesis. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Al-Khawaga
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute; Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Education City; Doha Qatar
| | - Bushra Memon
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute; Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Education City; Doha Qatar
| | - Alexandra E. Butler
- Larry L. Hillblom Islet Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine; University of California; Los Angeles CA 90095 U.S.A
| | - Shahrad Taheri
- Department of Medicine; Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, PO BOX 24144; Doha Qatar
- Department of Medicine; Qatar Metabolic Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation; Doha Qatar
| | - Abdul B. Abou-Samra
- Department of Medicine; Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, PO BOX 24144; Doha Qatar
- Department of Medicine; Qatar Metabolic Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation; Doha Qatar
| | - Essam M. Abdelalim
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute; Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Education City; Doha Qatar
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Kabayiza KU, Masgutova G, Harris A, Rucchin V, Jacob B, Clotman F. The Onecut Transcription Factors Regulate Differentiation and Distribution of Dorsal Interneurons during Spinal Cord Development. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:157. [PMID: 28603487 PMCID: PMC5445119 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
During embryonic development, the dorsal spinal cord generates numerous interneuron populations eventually involved in motor circuits or in sensory networks that integrate and transmit sensory inputs from the periphery. The molecular mechanisms that regulate the specification of these multiple dorsal neuronal populations have been extensively characterized. In contrast, the factors that contribute to their diversification into smaller specialized subsets and those that control the specific distribution of each population in the developing spinal cord remain unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the Onecut transcription factors, namely Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor-6 (HNF-6) (or OC-1), OC-2 and OC-3, regulate the diversification and the distribution of spinal dorsal interneuron (dINs). Onecut proteins are dynamically and differentially distributed in spinal dINs during differentiation and migration. Analyzes of mutant embryos devoid of Onecut factors in the developing spinal cord evidenced a requirement in Onecut proteins for proper production of a specific subset of dI5 interneurons. In addition, the distribution of dI3, dI5 and dI6 interneuron populations was altered. Hence, Onecut transcription factors control genetic programs that contribute to the regulation of spinal dIN diversification and distribution during embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina U Kabayiza
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Neuroscience, Laboratory of Neural DifferentiationBrussels, Belgium.,Biology Department, School of Science, College of Science and Technology, University of RwandaButare, Rwanda
| | - Gauhar Masgutova
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Neuroscience, Laboratory of Neural DifferentiationBrussels, Belgium
| | - Audrey Harris
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Neuroscience, Laboratory of Neural DifferentiationBrussels, Belgium
| | - Vincent Rucchin
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Neuroscience, Laboratory of Neural DifferentiationBrussels, Belgium
| | - Benvenuto Jacob
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Neuroscience, System and Cognition DivisionBrussels, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Clotman
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Neuroscience, Laboratory of Neural DifferentiationBrussels, Belgium
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42
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An Activating STAT3 Mutation Causes Neonatal Diabetes through Premature Induction of Pancreatic Differentiation. Cell Rep 2017; 19:281-294. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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van Arensbergen J, Dussaud S, Pardanaud-Glavieux C, García-Hurtado J, Sauty C, Guerci A, Ferrer J, Ravassard P. A distal intergenic region controls pancreatic endocrine differentiation by acting as a transcriptional enhancer and as a polycomb response element. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171508. [PMID: 28225770 PMCID: PMC5321433 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lineage-selective expression of developmental genes is dependent on the interplay between activating and repressive mechanisms. Gene activation is dependent on cell-specific transcription factors that recognize transcriptional enhancer sequences. Gene repression often depends on the recruitment of Polycomb group (PcG) proteins, although the sequences that underlie the recruitment of PcG proteins, also known as Polycomb response elements (PREs), remain poorly understood in vertebrates. While distal PREs have been identified in mammals, a role for positive-acting enhancers in PcG-mediated repression has not been described. Here we have used a highly efficient procedure based on lentiviral-mediated transgenesis to carry out in vivo fine-mapping of, cis-regulatory sequences that control lineage-specific activation of Neurog3, a master regulator of pancreatic endocrine differentiation. Our findings reveal an enhancer region that is sufficient to drive correct spacio-temporal expression of Neurog3 and demonstrate that this same region serves as a PRE in alternative lineages where Neurog3 is inactive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joris van Arensbergen
- Genomic Programming of Beta-Cells Laboratory, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sebastien Dussaud
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du cerveau et de la moelle (ICM)–Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Boulevard de l’Hôpital, Paris, France
| | - Corinne Pardanaud-Glavieux
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du cerveau et de la moelle (ICM)–Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Boulevard de l’Hôpital, Paris, France
| | - Javier García-Hurtado
- Genomic Programming of Beta-Cells Laboratory, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claire Sauty
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du cerveau et de la moelle (ICM)–Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Boulevard de l’Hôpital, Paris, France
| | - Aline Guerci
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du cerveau et de la moelle (ICM)–Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Boulevard de l’Hôpital, Paris, France
| | - Jorge Ferrer
- Genomic Programming of Beta-Cells Laboratory, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (PR); (JF)
| | - Philippe Ravassard
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du cerveau et de la moelle (ICM)–Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Boulevard de l’Hôpital, Paris, France
- * E-mail: (PR); (JF)
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Villasenor A, Stainier DYR. On the development of the hepatopancreatic ductal system. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 66:69-80. [PMID: 28214561 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The hepatopancreatic ductal system is the collection of ducts that connect the liver and pancreas to the digestive tract. The formation of this system is necessary for the transport of exocrine secretions, for the correct assembly of the pancreatobiliary ductal system, and for the overall function of the digestive system. Studies on endoderm organ formation have significantly advanced our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that govern organ induction, organ specification and morphogenesis of the major foregut-derived organs. However, little is known about the mechanisms that control the development of the hepatopancreatic ductal system. Here, we provide a description of the different components of the system, summarize its development from the endoderm to a complex system of tubes, list the pathologies produced by anomalies in its development, as well as the molecules and signaling pathways that are known to be involved in its formation. Finally, we discuss its proposed potential as a multipotent cell reservoir and the unresolved questions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alethia Villasenor
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.
| | - Didier Y R Stainier
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.
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45
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Wen X, Yang Y. Emerging roles of GLIS3 in neonatal diabetes, type 1 and type 2 diabetes. J Mol Endocrinol 2017; 58:R73-R85. [PMID: 27899417 DOI: 10.1530/jme-16-0232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
GLI-similar 3 (GLIS3), a member of the Krüppel-like zinc finger protein subfamily, is predominantly expressed in the pancreas, thyroid and kidney. Glis3 mRNA can be initially detected in mouse pancreas at embryonic day 11.5 and is largely restricted to β cells, pancreatic polypeptide-expressing cells, as well as ductal cells at later stage of pancreas development. Mutations in GLIS3 cause a neonatal diabetes syndrome, characterized by neonatal diabetes, congenital hypothyroidism and polycystic kidney. Importantly, genome-wide association studies showed that variations of GLIS3 are strongly associated with both type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in multiple populations. GLIS3 cooperates with pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX1), v-maf musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene family, protein A (MAFA), as well as neurogenic differentiation 1 (NEUROD1) and potently controls insulin gene transcription. GLIS3 also plays a role in β cell survival and likely in insulin secretion. Any perturbation of these functions may underlie all three forms of diabetes. GLIS3, synergistically with hepatocyte nuclear factor 6 (HNF6) and forkhead box A2 (FOXA2), controls fetal islet differentiation via transactivating neurogenin 3 (NGN3) and impairment of this function leads to neonatal diabetes. In addition, GLIS3 is also required for the compensatory β cell proliferation and mass expansion in response to insulin resistance, which if disrupted may predispose to T2D. The increasing understanding of the mechanisms of GLIS3 in β cell development, survival and function maintenance will provide new insights into disease pathogenesis and potential therapeutic target identification to combat diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjie Wen
- Division of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of AnesthesiologyThe First People's Hospital of Foshan & Foshan Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Yisheng Yang
- Division of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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46
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Larsen HL, Grapin-Botton A. The molecular and morphogenetic basis of pancreas organogenesis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 66:51-68. [PMID: 28089869 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The pancreas is an essential endoderm-derived organ that ensures nutrient metabolism via its endocrine and exocrine functions. Here we review the essential processes governing the embryonic and early postnatal development of the pancreas discussing both the mechanisms and molecules controlling progenitor specification, expansion and differentiation. We elaborate on how these processes are orchestrated in space and coordinated with morphogenesis. We draw mainly from experiments conducted in the mouse model but also from investigations in other model organisms, complementing a recent comprehensive review of human pancreas development (Jennings et al., 2015) [1]. The understanding of pancreas development in model organisms provides a framework to interpret how human mutations lead to neonatal diabetes and may contribute to other forms of diabetes and to guide the production of desired pancreatic cell types from pluripotent stem cells for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hjalte List Larsen
- DanStem, University of Copenhagen, 3 B Blegdamsvej, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Anne Grapin-Botton
- DanStem, University of Copenhagen, 3 B Blegdamsvej, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
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47
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Martinez-Sanchez A, Rutter GA, Latreille M. MiRNAs in β-Cell Development, Identity, and Disease. Front Genet 2017; 7:226. [PMID: 28123396 PMCID: PMC5225124 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2016.00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic β-cells regulate glucose metabolism by secreting insulin, which in turn stimulates the utilization or storage of the sugar by peripheral tissues. Insulin insufficiency and a prolonged period of insulin resistance are usually the core components of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Although, decreased insulin levels in T2D have long been attributed to a decrease in β-cell function and/or mass, this model has recently been refined with the recognition that a loss of β-cell “identity” and dedifferentiation also contribute to the decline in insulin production. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulatory molecules that display tissue-specific expression patterns and maintain the differentiated state of somatic cells. During the past few years, great strides have been made in understanding how miRNA circuits impact β-cell identity. Here, we review current knowledge on the role of miRNAs in regulating the acquisition of the β-cell fate during development and in maintaining mature β-cell identity and function during stress situations such as obesity, pregnancy, aging, or diabetes. We also discuss how miRNA function could be harnessed to improve our ability to generate β-cells for replacement therapy for T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Martinez-Sanchez
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London London, UK
| | - Guy A Rutter
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London London, UK
| | - Mathieu Latreille
- Cellular Identity and Metabolism Group, MRC London Institute of Medical SciencesLondon, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College LondonLondon, UK
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Francius C, Hidalgo-Figueroa M, Debrulle S, Pelosi B, Rucchin V, Ronellenfitch K, Panayiotou E, Makrides N, Misra K, Harris A, Hassani H, Schakman O, Parras C, Xiang M, Malas S, Chow RL, Clotman F. Vsx1 Transiently Defines an Early Intermediate V2 Interneuron Precursor Compartment in the Mouse Developing Spinal Cord. Front Mol Neurosci 2016; 9:145. [PMID: 28082864 PMCID: PMC5183629 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2016.00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal ventral interneurons regulate the activity of motor neurons, thereby controlling motor activities. Interneurons arise during embryonic development from distinct progenitor domains distributed orderly along the dorso-ventral axis of the neural tube. A single ventral progenitor population named p2 generates at least five V2 interneuron subsets. Whether the diversification of V2 precursors into multiple subsets occurs within the p2 progenitor domain or involves a later compartment of early-born V2 interneurons remains unsolved. Here, we provide evidence that the p2 domain produces an intermediate V2 precursor compartment characterized by the transient expression of the transcriptional repressor Vsx1. These cells display an original repertoire of cellular markers distinct from that of any V2 interneuron population. They have exited the cell cycle but have not initiated neuronal differentiation. They coexpress Vsx1 and Foxn4, suggesting that they can generate the known V2 interneuron populations as well as possible additional V2 subsets. Unlike V2 interneurons, the generation of Vsx1-positive precursors does not depend on the Notch signaling pathway but expression of Vsx1 in these cells requires Pax6. Hence, the p2 progenitor domain generates an intermediate V2 precursor compartment, characterized by the presence of the transcriptional repressor Vsx1, that contributes to V2 interneuron development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Francius
- Laboratory of Neural Differentiation, Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de LouvainBrussels, Belgium
| | - María Hidalgo-Figueroa
- Laboratory of Neural Differentiation, Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de LouvainBrussels, Belgium
| | - Stéphanie Debrulle
- Laboratory of Neural Differentiation, Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de LouvainBrussels, Belgium
| | - Barbara Pelosi
- Laboratory of Neural Differentiation, Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de LouvainBrussels, Belgium
| | - Vincent Rucchin
- Laboratory of Neural Differentiation, Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de LouvainBrussels, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Kamana Misra
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine and Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers University - Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolPiscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Audrey Harris
- Laboratory of Neural Differentiation, Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de LouvainBrussels, Belgium
| | - Hessameh Hassani
- Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM)Paris, France
| | - Olivier Schakman
- Laboratory of Cell Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de LouvainBrussels, Belgium
| | - Carlos Parras
- Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM)Paris, France
| | - Mengqing Xiang
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine and Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers University - Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolPiscataway, NJ, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Stavros Malas
- The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and GeneticsNicosia, Cyprus
| | - Robert L. Chow
- Department of Biology, University of VictoriaVictoria, BC, Canada
| | - Frédéric Clotman
- Laboratory of Neural Differentiation, Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de LouvainBrussels, Belgium
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Yang YP, Magnuson MA, Stein R, Wright CVE. The mammal-specific Pdx1 Area II enhancer has multiple essential functions in early endocrine cell specification and postnatal β-cell maturation. Development 2016; 144:248-257. [PMID: 27993987 DOI: 10.1242/dev.143123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor Pdx1 is required for multiple aspects of pancreatic organogenesis. It remains unclear to what extent Pdx1 expression and function depend upon trans-activation through 5' conserved cis-regulatory regions and, in particular, whether the mammal-specific Area II (-2139 to -1958 bp) affects minor or major aspects of organogenesis. We show that Area II is a primary effector of endocrine-selective transcription in epithelial multipotent cells, nascent endocrine progenitors, and differentiating and mature β cells in vivo Pdx1ΔAREAII/- mice exhibit a massive reduction in endocrine progenitor cells and progeny hormone-producing cells, indicating that Area II activity is fundamental to mounting an effective endocrine lineage-specification program within the multipotent cell population. Creating an Area II-deleted state within already specified Neurog3-expressing endocrine progenitor cells increased the proportion of glucagon+ α relative to insulin+ β cells, associated with the transcriptional and epigenetic derepression of the α-cell-determining Arx gene in endocrine progenitors. There were also glucagon and insulin co-expressing cells, and β cells that were incapable of maturation. Creating the Pdx1ΔAREAII state after cells entered an insulin-expressing stage led to immature and dysfunctional islet β cells carrying abnormal chromatin marking in vital β-cell-associated genes. Therefore, trans-regulatory integration through Area II mediates a surprisingly extensive range of progenitor and β-cell-specific Pdx1 functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ping Yang
- Vanderbilt University Program in Developmental Biology and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232 USA.,Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Mark A Magnuson
- Vanderbilt University Program in Developmental Biology and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232 USA.,Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Roland Stein
- Vanderbilt University Program in Developmental Biology and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232 USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Christopher V E Wright
- Vanderbilt University Program in Developmental Biology and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232 USA .,Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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The Chromatin Modifier MSK1/2 Suppresses Endocrine Cell Fates during Mouse Pancreatic Development. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166703. [PMID: 27973548 PMCID: PMC5156359 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I diabetes is caused by loss of insulin-secreting beta cells. To identify novel, pharmacologically-targetable histone-modifying proteins that enhance beta cell production from pancreatic progenitors, we performed a screen for histone modifications induced by signal transduction pathways at key pancreatic genes. The screen led us to investigate the temporal dynamics of ser-28 phosphorylated histone H3 (H3S28ph) and its upstream kinases, MSK1 and MSK2 (MSK1/2). H3S28ph and MSK1/2 were enriched at the key endocrine and acinar promoters in E12.5 multipotent pancreatic progenitors. Pharmacological inhibition of MSK1/2 in embryonic pancreatic explants promoted the specification of endocrine fates, including the beta-cell lineage, while depleting acinar fates. Germline knockout of both Msk isoforms caused enhancement of alpha cells and a reduction in acinar differentiation, while monoallelic loss of Msk1 promoted beta cell mass. Our screen of chromatin state dynamics can be applied to other developmental contexts to reveal new pathways and approaches to modulate cell fates.
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