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Sánchez Herrera M, Forero D, Calor AR, Romero GQ, Riyaz M, Callisto M, de Oliveira Roque F, Elme-Tumpay A, Khan MK, Justino de Faria AP, Pires MM, Silva de Azevêdo CA, Juen L, Zakka U, Samaila AE, Hussaini S, Kemabonta K, Guillermo-Ferreira R, Ríos-Touma B, Maharaj G. Systematic challenges and opportunities in insect monitoring: a Global South perspective. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230102. [PMID: 38705182 PMCID: PMC11070269 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Insect monitoring is pivotal for assessing biodiversity and informing conservation strategies. This study delves into the complex realm of insect monitoring in the Global South-world developing and least-developed countries as identified by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development-highlighting challenges and proposing strategic solutions. An analysis of publications from 1990 to 2024 reveals an imbalance in research contributions between the Global North and South, highlighting disparities in entomological research and the scarcity of taxonomic expertise in the Global South. We discuss the socio-economic factors that exacerbate the issues, including funding disparities, challenges in collaboration, infrastructure deficits, information technology obstacles and the impact of local currency devaluation. In addition, we emphasize the crucial role of environmental factors in shaping insect diversity, particularly in tropical regions facing multiple challenges including climate change, urbanization, pollution and various anthropogenic activities. We also stress the need for entomologists to advocate for ecosystem services provided by insects in addressing environmental issues. To enhance monitoring capacity, we propose strategies such as community engagement, outreach programmes and cultural activities to instill biodiversity appreciation. Further, language inclusivity and social media use are emphasized for effective communication. More collaborations with Global North counterparts, particularly in areas of molecular biology and remote sensing, are suggested for technological advancements. In conclusion, advocating for these strategies-global collaborations, a diverse entomological community and the integration of transverse disciplines-aims to address challenges and foster inclusive, sustainable insect monitoring in the Global South, contributing significantly to biodiversity conservation and overall ecosystem health. This article is part of the theme issue 'Towards a toolkit for global insect biodiversity monitoring'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Sánchez Herrera
- Department of Museum Research and Collections, University of Alabama Museums, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, USA
- Laboratorio de Zoología y Ecología Acuática (LAZOEA), Biological Sciences Department, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, 111711, Colombia
| | - Dimitri Forero
- Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, 11132, Colombia
| | - Adolfo Ricardo Calor
- Instituto de Biologia, Laboratório de Entomologia Aquática, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, 40000-000, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Q. Romero
- Laboratório de Interações Multitróficas e Biodiversidade, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), CP 6109, Campinas-SP, CEP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Muzafar Riyaz
- St Xavier's College, Palayamkottai, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, CEP: 40170-115 7 – 627002, India
| | - Marcos Callisto
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte - MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Fabio de Oliveira Roque
- Departamento de Biología, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Ciudade Universitaria, Pioneiros, Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science and College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Douglas, Cairns, 4811, Queensland, Australia
| | - Araseli Elme-Tumpay
- Laboratorio de Biodiversidad y Genética Ambiental (BioGeA), Universidad Nacional de Avellaneda, Mario Bravo 1460, CP1870 Piñeyro, Avellaneda, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Colección Entomológica, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Gabinete C-338, Pabellón C, Ciudad Universitaria de Perayoc, Cusco, 08003, Peru
| | - M. Kawsar Khan
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Ana Paula Justino de Faria
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual do Piauí, Rua João Cabral - Matinha, Teresina - PI, 64018-030, Brazil
| | - Mateus Marques Pires
- Laboratory of Ecology and Conservation of Aquatic Ecosystems, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - UNIVATES, Lajeado, RS, 95914-014 Brazil
| | - Carlos Augusto Silva de Azevêdo
- Departamento de Biología, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, Programa em Biodiversidade, Ambiente e Saúde, 65.055-310, Brazil
| | - Leandro Juen
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, UFPA, Belém - PA, 66077-830, Brazil
| | - Usman Zakka
- Department of Crop & Soil Science, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt 500272, Nigeria
| | - Akeweta Emmanuel Samaila
- Department of Agronomy, Federal University of Kashere: Kashere, P.M.B. 0182, Gombe State, Nigeria
| | - Suwaiba Hussaini
- Department of Biological Sciences, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, 740272, Nigeria
| | - Kehinde Kemabonta
- Department of Zoology, University of Lagos: Akoka, Lagos, 100213, Nigeria
| | - Rhainer Guillermo-Ferreira
- Centro de Pesquisas em Entomologia e Biologia Experimental, Universidade Federal do Triangulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba - MG, 38061-500, Brazil
| | - Blanca Ríos-Touma
- Grupo de Investigación en Biodiversidad, Medio Ambiente y Salud (BIOMAS), Universidad de Las Américas, Campus UDLAPARK, Quito, Ecuador 170513
| | - Gyanpriya Maharaj
- University of Guyana, Centre for the Study of Biological Diversity, Georgetown, Guyana
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Brown K, Flores MJ, Haonga B, Chokotho LC, O'Marr JM, Rodarte P, Shearer D, Morshed S. Best Practices for Developing International Academic Partnerships in Orthopaedics. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2024; 106:924-930. [PMID: 37851955 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.23.00626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Traumatic and nontraumatic orthopaedic conditions are major contributors to global morbidity and account for the majority of life-years lived with disability worldwide. Additionally, the burden of musculoskeletal injuries has increased substantially over the past 3 decades. Unfortunately, in low and middle-income countries (LMICs), access to orthopaedic care is limited, leading to a disproportionate burden of disease. The Lancet Commission on Global Surgery has emphasized the urgent need for unified international commitment and research collaboration to achieve universal access to safe and affordable surgical care. However, conducting high-quality orthopaedic research in LMICs remains challenging as a result of disparities in training, access to resources, infrastructure, and equipment availability. Partnerships between high-income countries (HICs) and LMICs have emerged in recent decades as an effective approach to combatting some of these challenges. These partnerships aim to bridge the gaps by facilitating collaborative research and knowledge exchange. The establishment of successful partnerships requires a collaborative and reciprocal approach that starts with a clear understanding of mutual research aims and the availability of resources. Despite the potential benefits, various factors can make establishing such partnerships difficult. However, these partnerships can have a substantial impact in delivering quality orthopaedic education and research training, thus improving access to care in resource-limited environments. This paper represents the collaborative effort of multiple international academic orthopaedic surgeons with extensive experience in HIC-LMIC partnerships. Our aims were to outline the best practices for conducting orthopaedic research within these relationships and to provide guidance for future successful collaborations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Brown
- Institute for Global Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Michael J Flores
- Institute for Global Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Billy Haonga
- Muhimbili Orthopedic Institute, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | | | - Jamieson M O'Marr
- Institute for Global Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Patricia Rodarte
- Institute for Global Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - David Shearer
- Institute for Global Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Saam Morshed
- Institute for Global Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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Cakouros BE, Gum J, Levine DL, Lewis J, Wright AH, Dahn B, Talbert-Slagle K. Exploring equity in global health collaborations: a qualitative study of donor and recipient power dynamics in Liberia. BMJ Glob Health 2024; 9:e014399. [PMID: 38485141 PMCID: PMC10946382 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2023-014399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
IntroductionGlobal health collaborations between individuals from high-resource and low-resource settings are complex and often built on hierarchical structures and power differentials that are difficult to change. There have been many calls and frameworks developed to facilitate more equity within these collaborations, yet little is known about the lived experiences of global health donors and recipients working within such collaborations and how those experiences can facilitate more equitable collaboration. Liberia, a postconflict, post-Ebola country, provides an ideal setting to study lived experiences of global health collaborations.MethodsOur qualitative analysis used key informant interviews representing the perspectives of those working on behalf of the Liberian government, Liberian academics, foreign donors and non-governmental organisations and implementing partners. Thematic analysis guided this analysis to explore topics such as financial control, accountability and decision making.ResultsThe first phase of the analysis mapped the existing patterns of priority setting. Priority-setting power was most strongly held by those with financial control (donors), and implementation plans tended to be built on metrics that aim to meet donor expectations. The second phase of the analysis explored the interplay between underlying factors that we identified in our data associated with driving collaborative inequity: history of prior of engagement, level of transparency and patterns of accountability.ConclusionsOur findings highlight that global health collaborations in Liberia are structured to hinder equitable partnerships. The power structure tied to financial ownership offers little space for recipients to have an equitable role in collaborations, which maintains dependence on external aid and ensures that weak systems remain weak. While our study is limited to Liberia, we anticipate that these dynamics are common elsewhere and reinforce the importance of intentional efforts to ensure equitable decision making and power structures in similar settings worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Bernice Dahn
- College of Health Sciences, University of Liberia, Monrovia, Liberia
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Dako F, Omofoye TS, Scheel J. Radiologists' Role in Decolonizing Global Health. J Am Coll Radiol 2024:S1546-1440(24)00272-2. [PMID: 38461914 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2023.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
The colonial origins and power imbalances between Western high-income countries and low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are barriers to self-reliance and sustained structural improvements to health care systems. Radiologists working in global health (global radiologists) are tasked with improving the state of imaging in LMICs while mitigating the effects of colonial structures and processes. To accomplish this, we need to be aware of factors such as colonialism, neocolonialism, parachute research, and brain drain that contribute to global health inequities. Potential solutions to decolonizing global radiology include commitment to understanding local context; strengthening local capacity for technology advancement, research, and development; and policies and educational programs to combat medical brain drain from LMICs. In this article, we describe how the legacies of colonialism can interfere with improving health in LMICS, despite the best intentions, and provide a call to action for decolonizing our field with intentional approaches and equitable partnerships that emphasize investments in sustainable infrastructure, robust training of personnel, and policies that support self-reliance to match true health system strengthening with our passion for addressing health equity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farouk Dako
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Director of the Center for Global and Population Health Research in Radiology.
| | - Toma S Omofoye
- Strategic Director of Education, Department of Breast Imaging, Department of Clinical Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center. Nashville, Tennessee. https://twitter.com/TomaOmofoyeMD
| | - John Scheel
- Department of Breast Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center. Houston, Texas; Vice Chair of Global and Planetary Health. https://twitter.com/JohnRScheel
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Gjerde H, Huestis MA, Mulima G, Kajombo C, Sundet M, Pechansky F. Recommendations for effective collaboration and capacity building in epidemiological studies on the effect of alcohol and drug use on traffic safety in low- and middle-income countries. TRAFFIC INJURY PREVENTION 2024; 25:313-321. [PMID: 38426896 DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2024.2316720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alcohol or drug impairment is a major risk factor for road traffic crashes, and studies on this issue are essential to provide evidence-based data for policymakers. In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), such studies are often conducted in partnership with one or more organizations in high-income countries (HICs). The aim of this article is to provide recommendations for improving project planning and decision-making processes in epidemiological studies on alcohol, drug and traffic safety in LMICs involving HICs. METHODS We searched Pubmed, Google Scholar, and Google Search for articles and reports in English about lessons learned when conducting collaborative research in LMIC as well as papers presenting recommendations for effective research collaboration with partners in LMICs. RESULTS Based on the search results, we selected 200 papers for full text examination. Few were related to studies on the effect of alcohol or drug use on road traffic safety. However, several conclusions and recommendations from other studies were found to be relevant. We combined the findings with our own experience in a narrative review. We also present a checklist for risk and quality assessment. CONCLUSIONS Many papers presented similar recommendations, which included the importance of addressing local needs, ensuring adequate resources, local project ownership and leadership, establishing strong partnerships among all involved stakeholders, promoting shared decision-making and planning, and implementing strategies to translate research findings into policy, practice, and publications. It is also important to avoid HIC bias, which prioritizes the interests or perspectives of HICs over those of LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hallvard Gjerde
- Department of Forensic Sciences, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- International Council on Alcohol, Drugs and Traffic Safety (ICADTS)
| | - Marilyn A Huestis
- Institute of Emerging Health Professions, Thomas Jefferson University, Severna Park, Maryland
| | | | | | - Mads Sundet
- Centre for Treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Disease (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Flavio Pechansky
- International Council on Alcohol, Drugs and Traffic Safety (ICADTS)
- Center for Drug and Alcohol Research, Hospital de Clinicas of Porto Alegre, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Kesande M, Jere J, McCoy SI, Walekhwa AW, Nkosi-Mjadu BE, Ndzerem-Shang E. Self-Determination in Global Health Practices - Voices from the Global South. Ann Glob Health 2024; 90:16. [PMID: 38435470 PMCID: PMC10906336 DOI: 10.5334/aogh.4162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the commendable progress made in addressing global health challenges and threats such as child mortality, HIV/AIDS, and Tuberculosis, many global health organizations still exhibit a Global North supremacy attitude, evidenced by their choice of leaders and executors of global health initiatives in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). While efforts by the Global North to support global health practice in LMICs have led to economic development and advancement in locally led research, current global health practices tend to focus solely on intervention outcomes, often neglecting important systemic factors such as intellectual property ownership, sustainability, diversification of leadership roles, and national capacity development. This has resulted in the implementation of practices and systems informed by high-income countries (HICs) to the detriment of knowledge systems in LMICs, as they are deprived of the opportunity to generate local solutions for local problems. From their unique position as international global health fellows located in different African countries and receiving graduate education from a HIC institution, the authors of this viewpoint article assess how HIC institutions can better support LMICs. The authors propose several strategies for achieving equitable global health practices; 1) allocating funding to improve academic and research infrastructures in LMICs; 2) encouraging effective partnerships and collaborations with Global South scientists who have lived experiences in LMICs; 3) reviewing the trade-related aspects of intellectual property Rights (TRIPS) agreement; and 4) achieving equity in global health funding and education resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen Kesande
- University of California, Berkeley, School of Public Health, 2121 Berkeley Way, Room 2220 Berkeley, CA 94720-7360, US
| | - Jane Jere
- University of California, Berkeley, School of Public Health, 2121 Berkeley Way, Room 2220 Berkeley, CA 94720-7360, US
| | - Sandra I. McCoy
- University of California, Berkeley, School of Public Health, 2121 Berkeley Way, Room 2220 Berkeley, CA 94720-7360, US
| | - Abel Wilson Walekhwa
- Diseases Dynamics Unit, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Bongekile Esther Nkosi-Mjadu
- University of California, Berkeley, School of Public Health, 2121 Berkeley Way, Room 2220 Berkeley, CA 94720-7360, US
| | - Eunice Ndzerem-Shang
- University of California, Berkeley, School of Public Health, 2121 Berkeley Way, Room 2220 Berkeley, CA 94720-7360, US
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Perez Liz G, Vela G, Vela A, Maldonado Coronado JR, Sanchez Lizardi P, Robins DL. Autism research capacity building in Northern Mexico: Preliminary evaluation of an ongoing process. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2024; 28:229-238. [PMID: 36627839 DOI: 10.1177/13623613221145787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
LAY ABSTRACT To inform improvement of care and public policy, quality research is required. Conducting research projects requires skills and infrastructure. Research capacity building is the process by which individuals and organizations develop greater ability to conduct useful research. However, in the scientific community, research quality and productivity measures are often focused on long-term products, such as publications or grants awarded. Those measures are not helpful when measuring initial stages of research, a common situation in low- and middle-income countries. We used a six-principle framework designed by J. Cooke to assess the progress of an autism research collaborative in northern Mexico. We established 64 criteria across the six principles, and rated them as Not Started, In Progress, or Achieved, based on narratives and process documentation collected for this purpose. Ratings were established for the Years 2018, 2020, and 2022. The principles with the highest Achieved rates were "Linkages, collaborations, and partnerships" (90%), and "Infrastructure" (Principle 6, 70%). Cooke's research capacity building framework is a useful way to monitor progress of research capacity building and contribute to harmonious development of relevant principles at different levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Arturo Vela
- Autismo ABP, Mexico
- Autism Global Panel, Mexico
- Colegio de Bioetica de Nuevo Leon, Mexico
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Castro Appiani LM, Castro S, Romero B, Díaz Salas JD, Vindas P, Soto R, Artavia CC, Kamal R, Shapiro LM. Upper Extremity Trauma in Costa Rica - Evaluating Epidemiology and Identifying Opportunities. CURRENT ORTHOPAEDIC PRACTICE 2023; 34:280-284. [PMID: 38404621 PMCID: PMC10888422 DOI: 10.1097/bco.0000000000001233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Background Traffic accidents and musculoskeletal injuries represent a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Costa Rica. To inform capacity building efforts, we conducted a survey study of hand and upper extremity (UE) fellowship-trained surgeons in Costa Rica to evaluate the epidemiology, complications, and challenges in care of UE trauma. Methods Aiming to capture all hand and UE trained surgeons in Costa Rica, we compiled a list of nine surgeons and sent a survey in Spanish using Qualtrics. Assessment questions were developed to understand the burden, complications, practice patterns, challenges, and capacity associated with care of UE trauma. Questions were designed to focus on opportunities for future investigation. Questions were translated and adapted by two bilingual speakers. Data were reported descriptively and open-ended responses were analyzed using content analysis. Results Nine (100%) surgeons completed the survey. Distal radius fractures, hand and finger fractures, and tendon injuries are the most frequently noted conditions. Stiffness and infection are the most common complications. About 29% of patients are unable to get necessary therapy and 13% do not return for follow-up care with monetary, distance, and transportation limitations being the greatest challenges. Conclusions The burden of UE trauma in Costa Rica is high. Identifying common conditions, complications, challenges, and capacity allows for a tailored approach to partnership and capacity building (e.g. directing capacity building and/or research infrastructure toward distal radius fractures). These insights represent opportunities to inform community-driven care improvement and research initiatives, such as Delphi consensus approaches to identify priorities or the development of outcome measurement systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Miguel Castro Appiani
- Orthopaedic Surgeon and Traumatologist, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital Clínica Bíblica, Aveinda 14, Calle 1 Y Central, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Samuel Castro
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, 291 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Brenda Romero
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital Metropolitano, Lindora, San Jose, Costa Rica
| | - Juan Diego Díaz Salas
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital La Católica, Goicoechea, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Paula Vindas
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital del Trauma, La Uruca, San Jose, Costa Rica
| | - Rolando Soto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital del Trauma, La Uruca, San Jose, Costa Rica
| | - Cristhian Castro Artavia
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Centro National de Rehabilitatción, Alborada, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Robin Kamal
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, 450 Broadway St, Redwood City, CA 94063
| | - Lauren M Shapiro
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California - San Francisco, 1500 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158
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Al-Amad SH, Bankvall M, Okoh M, Smith DK, Kerr AR, Sollecito TP, Peterson DE, Elad S, Warnakulasuriya S, Greenberg MS, Farag AM, Gueiros LA, Shiboski CH. World Workshop on Oral Medicine VIII: Barriers to research in oral medicine: results from a global survey. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2023; 136:584-594. [PMID: 37574377 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2023.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore factors influencing research interest and productivity and perceived barriers to conducting research in Oral Medicine (OM). METHODS Invitations to participate in an online survey were e-mailed to a network of international OM practitioners and related professional organizations. Questions captured respondents' demographic/professional variables and gauged research interest, productivity, and perceived barriers to conducting research specifically in OM. Statistical analysis was conducted via descriptive, logistic regression, and multivariate modeling. RESULTS Five hundred and ninety-three OM practitioners from 55 countries completed the survey, with 54%, 25%, and 21% practicing in high, upper-middle, and lower-middle-income countries, respectively. Eighty-six percent of respondents were interested in conducting research. Age (less interest with an increase in age), working in academia, and practicing in a lower-middle vs high-income country were significant predictors of research interest. Self-reported research productivity was significantly greater among males, those working in academia, and those who graduated from programs that mandated research presentation/publication. Obtaining research funding was a significant barrier among respondents from lower and upper-middle-income countries, whereas finding time for research was a reported barrier by respondents from high-income countries. CONCLUSION The results of this survey identified perceived barriers to conducting research in OM and highlighted solutions to address such barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhail H Al-Amad
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences. College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Maria Bankvall
- Division of Oral Diagnostics and Rehabilitation, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Mercy Okoh
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Medicine Department, School of Dentistry, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Derek K Smith
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alexander R Kerr
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas P Sollecito
- Department of Oral Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Douglas E Peterson
- Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Sharon Elad
- Division of Oral Medicine, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | | | - Martin S Greenberg
- Department of Oral Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Arwa M Farag
- Division of Oral Medicine, Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, King AbdulAziz University Faculty of Dentistry, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Luiz Alcino Gueiros
- Department of Clinical and Preventive Dentistry, Federal University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Caroline H Shiboski
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Shapiro LM, Welch J, Leversedge C, Katarincic JA, Leversedge FJ, Dyer GSM, Kozin SH, Fox PM, McCullough M, Agins B, Kamal RN. Capacity Assessment Tool to Promote Capacity Building in Global Orthopaedic Surgical Outreach. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2023; 105:1295-1300. [PMID: 37319177 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.23.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing number of nongovernmental organizations from high-income countries aim to provide surgical outreach for patients in low- and middle-income countries in a manner that builds capacity. There remains, however, a paucity of measurable steps to benchmark and evaluate capacity-building efforts. Based on a framework for capacity building, the present study aimed to develop a Capacity Assessment Tool for orthopaedic surgery (CAT-os) that could be utilized to evaluate and promote capacity building. METHODS To develop the CAT-os tool, we utilized methodological triangulation-an approach that incorporates multiple different types of data. We utilized (1) the results of a systematic review of capacity-building best practices in surgical outreach, (2) the HEALTHQUAL National Organizational Assessment Tool, and (3) 20 semistructured interviews to develop a draft of the CAT-os. We subsequently iteratively used a modified nominal group technique with a consortium of 8 globally experienced surgeons to build consensus, which was followed by validation through member-checking. RESULTS The CAT-os was developed and validated as a formal instrument with actionable steps in each of 7 domains of capacity building. Each domain includes items that are scaled for scoring. For example, in the domain of partnership, items range from no formalized plans for sustainable, bidirectional relationships (no capacity) to local surgeons and other health-care workers independently participating in annual meetings of surgical professional societies and independently creating partnership with third party organizations (optimal capacity). CONCLUSIONS The CAT-os details steps to assess capacity of a local facility, guide capacity-improvement efforts during surgical outreach, and measure the impact of capacity-building efforts. Capacity building is a frequently cited and commendable approach to surgical outreach, and this tool provides objective measurement to aid in improving the capacity in low and middle-income countries through surgical outreach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Shapiro
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jessica Welch
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, VOICES Health Policy Research Center, Stanford University, Redwood City, California
| | - Chelsea Leversedge
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, VOICES Health Policy Research Center, Stanford University, Redwood City, California
| | | | | | - George S M Dyer
- Department of Orthopaedics, Harvard Combined Orthopaedics Residency Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Scott H Kozin
- Shriners Hospitals for Children-Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Paige M Fox
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | | | - Bruce Agins
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco California
| | - Robin N Kamal
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, VOICES Health Policy Research Center, Stanford University, Redwood City, California
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van Wichelen S. After biosovereignty: The material transfer agreement as technology of relations. SOCIAL STUDIES OF SCIENCE 2023; 53:599-621. [PMID: 37338153 DOI: 10.1177/03063127231177455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Increasingly, countries in the Global South-notably South Africa, Brazil, and Indonesia-are introducing material transfer agreements (MTAs) into their domestic laws for the exchange of scientific material. The MTA is a contract securing the legal transfer of tangible research material between organizations such as laboratories, pharmaceutical companies, or universities. Critical commentators argue that these agreements in the Global North have come to fulfill an important role in the expansion of dominant intellectual property regimes. Taking Indonesia as a case, this article examines how MTAs are enacted and implemented differently in the context of research involving the Global South. Against the conventionally understood forms of contract that commodify and commercialize materials and knowledge, the MTA in the South can be understood as a legal technology appropriated to translate a formerly relational economy of the scientific gift to a market system of science. As a way of gaining leverage in the uneven space of the global bioeconomy, the MTA functions as a technology for 'reverse appropriation', a reworking of its usage and meaning as a way of countering some of the global power inequalities experienced by Global South countries. The operation of this reverse appropriation, however, is hybrid, and reveals a complex reconfiguration of scientific exchange amidst a growing push for 'open science'.
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Elgamri A, Mohammed Z, El-Rhazi K, Shahrouri M, Ahram M, Al-Abbas AM, Silverman H. Challenges Facing Arab Researchers in Publishing Scientific Research: A Qualitative Interview Study. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3129329. [PMID: 37503191 PMCID: PMC10371160 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3129329/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Background Studies have shown an underrepresentation of researchers from lower- and middle-income countries (LMICs) in the research literature compared with their counterparts in high-income countries. We aimed to explore Arab researchers' challenges regarding conducting and publishing research in peer-reviewed journals. Methods We used a descriptive qualitative study design of semi-structured in-depth interviews. Using purposive sampling, we recruited participants from four Arab countries in the Middle East and North Africa. All interviews were recorded, transcribed, and translated to English if the original language was Arabic or French. We analyzed the transcripts using reflexive thematic analysis. Several authors independently coded the transcripts and agreed on the identified codes, themes, and subthemes. Results We performed 17 interviews: three from Egypt, six from Jordan, four from Morocco, and four from Sudan. Our participants' comments were divided into three broad categories with associated themes and subthemes. The first regards the conduct of research (themes of inadequate quality of research, insufficient research resources, and nonsuppurative research environment). The second category involves the publishing process (themes of poor scientific writing skills and difficulties navigating the publishing and peer-reviewed system). The third regards international collaborations and the final category recommends methods to address the challenges. Our recommendations include: enhancing the institutional research culture, increasing funding mechanisms, establishing mentoring programs and workshops on research methodology and scientific writing, and increasing the representation of LMICs on the editorial staff. Conclusions Identifying the challenges of Arab researchers in publishing original and quality research would guide programs tailored and targeted toward Arab scholars' needs.
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Zachariah R, Goncharova O, Kamarli C, Bazikov T, Ahmedov S, Osmonaliev K, Harries AD, Davtyan H, Thekkur P, Kalmambetova G, Kadyrov A. Strengthening the Operational Research Capacity of National Tuberculosis Control Programs: Necessity or Luxury? Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:339. [PMID: 37505635 PMCID: PMC10384202 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8070339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
'How to get research into practice: first get practice into research [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Rony Zachariah
- United Nations Children Fund, United Nations Development Programme, World Bank, World Health Organization, Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR), 20, Avenue Appia, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Olga Goncharova
- National Center of Phthisiology, Bishkek 720000, Kyrgyzstan; (O.G.); (A.K.)
| | - Chynara Kamarli
- United States Agency for International Development, 171 Prospect Mira, Bishkek 720016, Kyrgyzstan; (C.K.); (T.B.)
| | - Timur Bazikov
- United States Agency for International Development, 171 Prospect Mira, Bishkek 720016, Kyrgyzstan; (C.K.); (T.B.)
| | - Sevim Ahmedov
- United States Agency for International Development, TB/HIV, Prevention and M&E Team Lead, Bureau for Global Health, TB Division, Washington, DC 20024, USA;
| | | | - Anthony D. Harries
- International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 2 Rue Jean Lantier, 75001 Paris, France; (A.D.H.); (P.T.)
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Hayk Davtyan
- Tuberculosis Research and Prevention Center NGO, Yerevan 0014, Armenia;
| | - Pruthu Thekkur
- International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 2 Rue Jean Lantier, 75001 Paris, France; (A.D.H.); (P.T.)
| | - Gulmira Kalmambetova
- Department of Strategic Development and International Cooperation, TB National Reference Laboratory, 90a Akhunbaeva Str., Bishkek 720075, Kyrgyzstan;
| | - Abdullaat Kadyrov
- National Center of Phthisiology, Bishkek 720000, Kyrgyzstan; (O.G.); (A.K.)
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Tang Y, Zhang F, Xu DR. The implications of decolonization on China's academic global health: a dialogue with Stephen Gloyd at the Luhu Global Health Salon. Glob Health Res Policy 2023; 8:14. [PMID: 37198704 PMCID: PMC10190061 DOI: 10.1186/s41256-023-00299-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The call for decolonization in global health is growing alongside China's increasing involvement in the field. This perspective paper presents and extends with a further literature review of a dialogue with Stephen Gloyd, a global health professor from the University of Washington, conducted in July 2022 at the Luhu Global Health Salon. Drawing from Gloyd's four decades of experiences in low- and middle-income countries, as well as his role in creating the University of Washington's global health department, the doctoral program in implementation science, and the non-governmental organization, Health Alliance International, this paper delves into the concept of decolonization in global health and explores how Chinese universities can expand their participation in global health while striving for equity and justice. Focusing on China's academic global health research, education, and practice, the paper proposes specific recommendations for building an equity-focused global health curriculum, addressing power imbalances and inequalities in university-affiliated organizations, and strengthening South-South cooperation in practice. The paper offers implications for Chinese universities on expanding future global health cooperation, promoting global health governance, and avoiding recolonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tang
- Acacia Lab for Implementation Science, School of Health Management and Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feifei Zhang
- Southern Medical University Institute for Global Health (SIGHT), Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University (SMU), Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong Roman Xu
- Acacia Lab for Implementation Science, School of Health Management and Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- Center for World Health Organization Studies and Department of Health Management, School of Health Management of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- Southern Medical University Institute for Global Health (SIGHT), Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University (SMU), Guangzhou, China.
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Modlin CE, Kankaka EN, Chang LW, Sewankambo NK, Ali J. Exploring HIV/AIDS investigator perceptions of equity within research partnerships between low-and middle-income and high-income countries: a pilot survey. Health Res Policy Syst 2023; 21:32. [PMID: 37127604 PMCID: PMC10152781 DOI: 10.1186/s12961-023-00977-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recommendations for research partnerships between low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and high-income countries (HICs) stress the importance of equity within the collaboration. However, there is limited knowledge of the practical challenges and successes involved in establishing equitable research practices. This study describes the results of a pilot survey assessing key issues on LMIC/HIC partnership equity within HIV/AIDS research collaborations and compares perspectives of these issues between LMIC- and HIC-based investigators. METHODS Survey participants were selected using clustered, random sampling and snowball sampling. Responses were compared between LMIC and HIC respondents using standard descriptive statistics. Qualitative respondent feedback was analyzed using a combination of exploratory and confirmatory thematic analysis. RESULTS The majority of categories within four themes (research interests and resources; leadership, trust, and communication; cultural and ethical competence; representation and benefits) demonstrated relative consensus between LMIC and HIC respondents except for 'lack of trust within the partnership' which was rated as a more pronounced challenge by LMIC respondents. However, subcategories within some of the themes had significant differences between respondent groups including: equitable setting of the research agenda, compromise within a partnership, the role of regulatory bodies in monitoring partnerships for equity, and post-study access to research technology. CONCLUSIONS These efforts serve as a proof-of-concept survey characterizing contemporary issues around international research partnership equity. The frequency and severity of specific equity issues can be assessed, highlighting similarities versus differences in experiences between LMIC and HIC partners as potential targets for further discussion and evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea E Modlin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Johns Hopkins Berman Institute for Bioethics, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Edward Nelson Kankaka
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Rakai Health Sciences Program, Rakai, Uganda
| | - Larry W Chang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nelson K Sewankambo
- Rakai Health Sciences Program, Rakai, Uganda
- Department of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Joseph Ali
- Johns Hopkins Berman Institute for Bioethics, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Shapiro LM, Welch JM, Chatterjee M, Katarincic JA, Leversedge FJ, Dyer GSM, Fufa DT, Kozin SH, Chung KC, Fox PM, Chang J, Kamal RN. A Framework and Blueprint for Building Capacity in Global Orthopaedic Surgical Outreach. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2023; 105:e10. [PMID: 35984012 PMCID: PMC10760412 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.22.00353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) from high-income countries provide surgical outreach for patients in low and middle-income countries (LMICs); however, these efforts lack a coordinated measurement of their ability to build capacity. While the World Health Organization and others recommend outreach trips that aim to build the capacity of the local health-care system, no guidance exists on how to accomplish this. The objective of this paper is to establish a framework and a blueprint to guide the operations of NGOs that provide outreach to build orthopaedic surgical capacity in LMICs. METHODS We conducted a qualitative analysis of semistructured interviews with 16 orthopaedic surgeons and administrators located in 7 countries (6 LMICs) on the necessary domains for capacity-building; the analysis was guided by a literature review of capacity-building frameworks. We subsequently conducted a modified nominal group technique with a consortium of 10 U.S.-based surgeons with expertise in global surgical outreach, which was member-checked with 8 new stakeholders from 4 LMICs. RESULTS A framework with 7 domains for capacity-building in global surgical outreach was identified. The domains included professional development, finance, partnerships, governance, community impact, culture, and coordination. These domains were tiered in a hierarchical system to stratify the level of capacity for each domain. A blueprint was developed to guide the operations of an organization seeking to build capacity. CONCLUSIONS The developed framework identified 7 domains to address when building capacity during global orthopaedic surgical outreach. The framework and its tiered system can be used to assess capacity and guide capacity-building efforts in LMICs. The developed blueprint can inform the operations of NGOs toward activities that focus on building capacity in order to ensure a measured and sustained impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Shapiro
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jessica M Welch
- VOICES Health Policy Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Redwood City, California
| | - Maya Chatterjee
- VOICES Health Policy Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Redwood City, California
| | | | | | - George S M Dyer
- Department of Orthopaedics, Harvard Combined Orthopaedics Residency Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Duretti T Fufa
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY
| | - Scott H Kozin
- Shriners Hospitals for Children–Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kevin C Chung
- Section of Plastic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Paige M Fox
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - James Chang
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Robin N Kamal
- VOICES Health Policy Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Redwood City, California
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Decolonizing Global Health Research: Perspectives from US and International Global Health Trainees. Ann Glob Health 2023; 89:9. [PMID: 36819967 PMCID: PMC9912860 DOI: 10.5334/aogh.3961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background "Decolonizing global health" (DGH) may help global health trainees understand and remediate the effects of historical colonialism on global health, but little is known regarding how trainees perceive DGH. Understanding their perspectives is critical for designing educational interventions tailored to their needs. Objectives To understand how trainees perceive DGH research and to determine if perspectives differ between trainees from high- (HICs) versus low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods An online survey of all 2017-2022 pre-doctoral and post-doctoral trainees (n = 111) and mentors (n = 91) within a multi-university program that supports US and international investigators in one-year mentored global health research. The survey evaluated individuals' self-reported knowledge and attitudes toward DGH and their perceptions of historical colonialism's impact on eight aspects of global health. Findings The response rate to trainee surveys was 56%. Trainees from LMICs were less aware of the concept of DGH; 5/25 (20%) had never heard of DGH and 16/25 (64%) reported that they "know a little," whereas all HIC trainees had heard of DGH and 29/36 (81%) reported that they "know a little" (p = 0.019). For three aspects of global health (i.e., which research questions get asked; development of collaborative relationships; and data/statistical analyses), trainees from LMICs were more likely to report positive effects of colonialism. However, in open-ended responses, no thematic differences existed between how LMIC and HIC trainees defined DGH (i.e., actively eliminating power imbalances; prioritizing local needs; promoting local leadership; providing equitable opportunities; and ensuring programs are culturally appropriate). Conclusions Different perspectives surrounding what DGH means suggest a shared understanding may be needed and is arguably prerequisite to designing educational interventions to help global health trainees recognize, understand, and act in global health. Future research is needed to understand perspectives on decolonization across diverse contexts with attention to constructs such as race, ethnicity, and gender.
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Hodson DZ, Etoundi YM, Parikh S, Boum Y. Striving towards true equity in global health: A checklist for bilateral research partnerships. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 3:e0001418. [PMID: 36963065 PMCID: PMC10021183 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0001418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Interest in "global health" among schools of medicine, public health, and other health disciplines in high-income countries (HIC) continues to rise. Persistent power imbalances, racism, and maintenance of colonialism/neocolonialism plague global health efforts, including global health scholarship. Scholarly projects conducted in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) by trainees at these schools in HIC often exacerbate these problems. Drawing on published literature and shared experiences, we review key inequalities within each phase of research, from design through implementation and analysis/dissemination, and make concrete and practical recommendations to improve equity at each stage. Key problems facing global health scholarship include HIC-centric nature of global health organizations, paucity of funding directly available for LMIC investigators and trainees, misplaced emphasis on HIC selected issues rather than local solutions to local problems, the dominance of English language in the scientific literature, and exploitation of LMIC team members. Four key principles lie at the foundation of all our recommendations: 1) seek locally derived and relevant solutions to global health issues, 2) create paired collaborations between HIC and LMIC institutions at all levels of training, 3) provide funding for both HIC and LMIC team members, 4) assign clear roles and responsibilities to value, leverage, and share the strengths of all team members. When funding for global health research is predicated upon more ethical and equitable collaborations, the nature of global health collaborations will evolve to be more ethical and equitable. Therefore, we propose the Douala Equity Checklist as a 20-item tool HIC and LMIC institutions can use throughout the conduct of global health projects to ensure more equitable collaborations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Z Hodson
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Yannick Mbarga Etoundi
- Douala Military Hospital, Douala, Cameroon
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Sunil Parikh
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Yap Boum
- Epicentre, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Institut Pasteur of Bangui, Bangui, Central African Republic
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Abouzeid M, Muthanna A, Nuwayhid I, El-Jardali F, Connors P, Habib RR, Akbarzadeh S, Jabbour S. Barriers to sustainable health research leadership in the Global South: Time for a Grand Bargain on localization of research leadership? Health Res Policy Syst 2022; 20:136. [PMID: 36536392 PMCID: PMC9761652 DOI: 10.1186/s12961-022-00910-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Strong Global South (GS) health research leadership, itself both dependent on and a requisite for strong health research systems, is essential to generate locally relevant research and ensure that evidence is translated into policy and practice. Strong GS health research systems and leadership are important for health development and in turn for strong health systems. However, many GS countries struggle to produce research and to improve performance on widely used research metrics measuring productivity and reflecting leadership. Drawing on literature from a rapid review, this viewpoint paper considers the barriers to GS health research leadership and proposes strategies to address these challenges. FINDINGS GS researchers and institutions face numerous barriers that undermine health research leadership potential. Barriers internal to the GS include researcher-level barriers such as insufficient mentorship, limited financial incentives and time constraints. Institutional barriers include limited availability of resources, restrictive and poorly developed research infrastructures, weak collaboration and obstructive policies and procedures. Structural barriers include political will, politicization of research and political instability. External barriers relate to the nature and extent of Global North (GN) activities and systems and include allocation and distribution of funding and resources, characteristics and focus of GN-GS research collaborations, and publication and information dissemination challenges. CONCLUSIONS Strengthening GS health research leadership requires acknowledgement of the many barriers, and adoption of mitigating measures by a range of actors at the institutional, national, regional and global levels. Particularly important are leadership capacity development integrating researcher, institutional and systems initiatives; new GN-GS partnership models emphasizing capacity exchange and shared leadership; supporting GS research communities to set, own and drive their research agendas; addressing biases against GS researchers; ensuring that GS institutions address their internal challenges; enhancing South-South collaborations; diversifying research funding flow to the GS; and learning from models that work. The time has come for a firm commitment to improving localization of research leadership, supported by adequate funding flow, to ensure strong and sustainable research systems and leadership in and from the GS. Just as the humanitarian donor and aid community adopted the Grand Bargain commitment to improve funding flow through local and national responders in times of crisis, we strongly urge the global health research community to adopt a Grand Bargain for research leadership.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Abouzeid
- grid.22903.3a0000 0004 1936 9801The Lancet-American University of Beirut Commission on Syria, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon ,grid.22903.3a0000 0004 1936 9801Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon ,grid.1021.20000 0001 0526 7079Alfred Deakin Institute for Citizenship and Globalisation, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC Australia ,grid.1021.20000 0001 0526 7079Centre for Humanitarian Leadership, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC Australia
| | - Ahlam Muthanna
- grid.22903.3a0000 0004 1936 9801The Lancet-American University of Beirut Commission on Syria, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Iman Nuwayhid
- grid.22903.3a0000 0004 1936 9801The Lancet-American University of Beirut Commission on Syria, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon ,grid.22903.3a0000 0004 1936 9801Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Fadi El-Jardali
- grid.22903.3a0000 0004 1936 9801Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Phil Connors
- grid.1021.20000 0001 0526 7079Centre for Humanitarian Leadership, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC Australia
| | - Rima R. Habib
- grid.22903.3a0000 0004 1936 9801Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Shahram Akbarzadeh
- grid.1021.20000 0001 0526 7079Alfred Deakin Institute for Citizenship and Globalisation, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC Australia
| | - Samer Jabbour
- grid.22903.3a0000 0004 1936 9801The Lancet-American University of Beirut Commission on Syria, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon ,grid.22903.3a0000 0004 1936 9801Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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20
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Kanmounye US, Bandyopadhyay S, Munoz-Valencia A, Khalil H, Sana H, Badwi N, Ma X, Swaroop M, Madani K. Peer mentorship to build research capacity among members of the International Student Surgical Network (InciSioN): a proof of concept study. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2022; 22:868. [PMID: 36522746 PMCID: PMC9753241 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-022-03482-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND International Student Surgical Network (InciSioN) is the largest student and trainee global surgery interest group worldwide and its members have contributed significantly to global surgery research. The InciSioN Research Capacity-Building (IReCaB) program aimed to enhance the research skills and confidence of participants via a peer mentorship model. METHODS After an open call to members of InciSioN to enroll, participants' knowledge of research methods and the process was evaluated through a test to assign mentor and mentee roles, with mentors being those who scored ≥ 20/25. Mentors then delivered a series of four webinars to help disseminate research methodology to mentees. Finally, mentees were tested on their knowledge of research and their satisfaction with the program was also evaluated. RESULTS Fifty-two participants, mostly from LMICs (n = 23/52, 44.2%) were enrolled, and 36 completed the program. There was a significant improvement in the proportion of questions answered correctly on the post-program test (R = 0.755, p < 0.001). Post-IReCaB test scores were greater than pre-IReCaB scores (p < 0.001). The difference in confidence after the course was also significant (p < 0.001). IReCaB participants successfully designed, implemented, and published an international cross-sectional study. CONCLUSION This study showed improvements in participants' understanding of theoretical components of scientific research. We offer a model for research capacity building that can be implemented, modeled, and further refined by similar organizations with academic research goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrick Sidney Kanmounye
- Research Department, Association of Future African Neurosurgeons, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo.
| | - Soham Bandyopadhyay
- Research Department, Association of Future African Neurosurgeons, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Alejandro Munoz-Valencia
- Research Department, Association of Future African Neurosurgeons, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Halimah Khalil
- Research Department, Association of Future African Neurosurgeons, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Hamaiyal Sana
- Research Department, Association of Future African Neurosurgeons, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Nermin Badwi
- Research Department, Association of Future African Neurosurgeons, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Xiya Ma
- Research Department, Association of Future African Neurosurgeons, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Mamta Swaroop
- Research Department, Association of Future African Neurosurgeons, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Katayoun Madani
- Research Department, Association of Future African Neurosurgeons, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
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Harper A, Pratt B. Combatting neo-Colonialism in Health Research: What can Aboriginal Health Research Ethics and Global Health Research Ethics Teach Each Other? J Empir Res Hum Res Ethics 2022; 17:431-454. [PMID: 34931853 DOI: 10.1177/15562646211058253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The ethics of research involving Aboriginal populations and low and middle-income country populations each developed out of a long history of exploitative research projects and partnerships. Commonalities and differences between the two fields have not yet been examined. This study undertook two independent literature searches for Aboriginal health research ethics and global health research ethics. Content analysis identified shared and differently emphasised ethical principles and concepts between the two fields. Shared ethical concepts like "benefit" and "capacity development" have been developed to guide collaborations in both Aboriginal health research and global health research. However, Aboriginal health research ethics gives much greater prominence to ethical principles that assist in decolonising research practice such as "self-determination", "community-control", and "community ownership". The paper argues that global health research ethics would benefit from giving greater emphasis to these principles to guide research practice, while justice as approached in global health research ethics may inform Aboriginal health research practice. With increasing attention being drawn to the need to decolonise global health research, the lessons Aboriginal health research ethics can offer may be especially timely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Harper
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Bridget Pratt
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Australia
- Queensland Bioethics Centre, 1513Australian Catholic University, Australia
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Leroi I, Karanja W, Adrion ER, Alladi S, Custodio N, Goswami SP, Guerchet M, Gubner J, Ibanez A, Ilinica S, Jafri H, Lawlor B, Mohamed AA, Ogunniyi A, Robertson I, Robinson L, Spector A, Varghese M, Weidner W, Caramelli P. Equity and balance in applied dementia research: A charter of conduct and checklist for global collaborations. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2022; 37. [PMID: 35703570 DOI: 10.1002/gps.5762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iracema Leroi
- Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Wambui Karanja
- Atlantic Fellow for Equity in Brain Health, Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Emily R Adrion
- Atlantic Fellow for Equity in Brain Health, Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Social and Political Science at the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Suvarna Alladi
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Nilton Custodio
- Servicio de Neurología, Instituto Peruano de Neurociencias, Lima, Perú
| | - S P Goswami
- All India Institute of Speech & Hearing, Mysuru, India
| | - Maëlenn Guerchet
- Atlantic Fellow for Equity in Brain Health, Global Brain Health Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jennie Gubner
- Atlantic Fellow for Equity in Brain Health, Global Brain Health Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Agustin Ibanez
- Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Atlantic Fellow for Equity in Brain Health, Global Brain Health Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Cognitive Neuroscience Center (CNC), Universidad de San Andrés, Atlantic Fellow for Equity in Brain Health, Global Brain Health Institute, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Stefania Ilinica
- Atlantic Fellow for Equity in Brain Health, Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Hussain Jafri
- Fatima Jinnah Medical University Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Brian Lawlor
- Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aya Ashour Mohamed
- Atlantic Fellow for Equity in Brain Health, Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Neurology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Adesola Ogunniyi
- Department of Neurology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Ian Robertson
- Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Louise Robinson
- Population Heath Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Aimee Spector
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mathew Varghese
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Paulo Caramelli
- Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology Research Group, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Danos N, Staab KL, Whitenack LB. The Core Concepts, Competencies and Grand Challenges of Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy and Morphology. Integr Org Biol 2022; 4:obac019. [PMID: 35919560 PMCID: PMC9338813 DOI: 10.1093/iob/obac019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Core concepts offer coherence to the discourse of a scientific discipline and facilitate teaching by identifying large unifying themes that can be tailored to the level of the class and expertise of the instructor. This approach to teaching has been shown to encourage deeper learning that can be integrated across subdisciplines of biology and has been adopted by several other biology subdisciplines. However, Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy, although one of the oldest biological areas of study, has not had its core concepts identified. Here, we present five core concepts and seven competencies (skills) for Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy that came out of an iterative process of engagement with the broader community of vertebrate morphologists over a 3-year period. The core concepts are (A) evolution, (B) structure and function, (C) morphological development, (D) integration, and (E) human anatomy is the result of vertebrate evolution. The core competencies students should gain from the study of comparative vertebrate anatomy are (F) tree thinking, (G) observation, (H) dissection of specimens, (I) depiction of anatomy, (J) appreciation of the importance of natural history collections, (K) science communication, and (L) data integration. We offer a succinct description of each core concept and competency, examples of learning outcomes that could be used to assess teaching effectiveness, and examples of relevant resources for both instructors and students. Additionally, we pose a grand challenge to the community, arguing that the field of Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy needs to acknowledge racism, androcentrism, homophobia, genocide, slavery, and other influences in its history and address their lingering effects in order to move forward as a thriving discipline that is inclusive of all students and scientists and continues to generate unbiased knowledge for the betterment of humanity. Despite the rigorous process used to compile these core concepts and competencies, we anticipate that they will serve as a framework for an ongoing conversation that ensures Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy remains a relevant field in discovery, innovation, and training of future generations of scientists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Danos
- Biology, University of San Diego, 5998 Alcala Park, San Diego, CA 92210
| | - Katie Lynn Staab
- Biology Department, McDaniel College, 2 College Hill, Westminster, MD 21157
| | - Lisa B Whitenack
- Depts. of Biology and Geology, Allegheny College, 520 N. Main St., Meadville, PA 16335
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24
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Busse CE, Anderson EW, Endale T, Smith YR, Kaniecki M, Shannon C, August ET. Strengthening research capacity: a systematic review of manuscript writing and publishing interventions for researchers in low-income and middle-income countries. BMJ Glob Health 2022; 7:bmjgh-2021-008059. [PMID: 35165096 PMCID: PMC8845213 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2021-008059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Health researchers from low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) are under-represented in the academic literature. Scientific writing and publishing interventions may help researchers publish their findings; however, we lack evidence about the prevalence and effectiveness of such interventions. This review describes interventions for researchers in LMICs aimed at strengthening capacity for writing and publishing academic journal articles. METHODS We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines to report literature searches in PubMed, Embase, Global Health, Scopus and ERIC. Our keywords included LMICs, low-income and middle-income countries, health research and writing/publication support interventions, with no restrictions on publication date. Our screening process consisted of title screening, abstract review and full-text review. We collected information about the content, implementation and evaluation of each intervention, if included. RESULTS We identified 20 interventions designed to strengthen capacity for scientific writing and publishing. We summarised information from the 14 interventions that reported submitted or published papers as outcomes separately, reasoning that because they provide quantifiable metrics of success, they may offer particular insights into intervention components leading to publication. The writing and publishing components in this 'Publications Reported' group were an average length of 5.4 days compared with 2.5 days in the other group we refer to as 'Other Interventions.' Whereas all 14 Publications Reported interventions incorporated mentors, only two of five in the Other Interventions group incorporated mentors. Across interventions, leaders expressed the importance of a high ratio of mentors to participants, the need to accommodate time demands of busy researchers, and the necessity of a budget for open access fees and high-quality internet connectivity. CONCLUSION Writing and publishing interventions in LMICs are an underutilised opportunity for capacity strengthening. To facilitate the implementation of high-quality interventions, future writing and publishing interventions should share their experiences by publishing detailed information about the approach and effectiveness of the interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara E Busse
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Elizabeth W Anderson
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Tamrat Endale
- Center for International Reproductive Health Training, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Yolanda Regina Smith
- Center for International Reproductive Health Training, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Marie Kaniecki
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Carol Shannon
- Taubman Health Sciences Library, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ella T August
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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25
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Voller S, Schellenberg J, Chi P, Thorogood N. What Makes Working Together Work? A Scoping Review of the Guidance on North-South Research Partnerships. Health Policy Plan 2022; 37:523-534. [PMID: 35089994 PMCID: PMC9006068 DOI: 10.1093/heapol/czac008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
At their best, research partnerships provide a mechanism to optimize each partner’s strengths, make scientific discoveries and achieve development goals. Each partner stands to gain from the relationship and perceives it to be fair. However, partnerships between institutions in the global North and the global South have been beleaguered by structural inequalities and power imbalances, and Northern stakeholders have been criticized for perpetuating paternalistic or neo-colonial behaviours. As part of efforts to redress imbalances and achieve equity and mutual benefit, various principles, guidelines, frameworks and models for partnership have been developed. This scoping review maps the literature and summarizes key features of the guidelines for North–South research partnerships. The review was conducted between October 2020 and January 2021. Three academic journal databases and Google were searched, and additional resources were identified through a hand search of reference lists and expert recommendation. Twenty-two guidelines were identified published between 1994 and 2021 and originating predominantly in the fields of international development and global health. The themes addressed within the guidelines were aggregated using NVivo qualitative analysis software to code the content of each guideline. Topics featuring most prominently in the guidelines were: partner roles, responsibilities and ways of working; capacity strengthening; motivation and goals; resource contributions; agenda setting and study design; governance structures and institutional agreements; dissemination; respect for affected populations; data handling and ownership; funding and long-term commitments. The current study reinforces many of the themes from two recent scoping reviews specific to the field of global health, but gaps remain, which need to be addressed: Southern stakeholders continue to be under-represented in guideline development, and there is limited evidence of how guidelines are used in practice. Further exploration is needed of Southern stakeholder priorities and whether and how guidelines are operationalized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirine Voller
- *Corresponding author. Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London WC1H 9SH, UK. E-mail:
| | - Joanna Schellenberg
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Primus Chi
- Health Systems and Research Ethics Department, KEMRI Wellcome Trust Research Programme, CGMRC, PO Box 230-80108 Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Nicki Thorogood
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London WC1H 9SH, UK
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Wenham C, Wouters O, Jones C, Juma PA, Mijumbi-Deve RM, Sobngwi-Tambekou JL, Parkhurst J. Measuring health science research and development in Africa: mapping the available data. Health Res Policy Syst 2021; 19:142. [PMID: 34895277 PMCID: PMC8665309 DOI: 10.1186/s12961-021-00778-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years there have been calls to strengthen health sciences research capacity in African countries. This capacity can contribute to improvements in health, social welfare and poverty reduction through domestic application of research findings; it is increasingly seen as critical to pandemic preparedness and response. Developing research infrastructure and performance may reduce national economies' reliance on primary commodity and agricultural production, as countries strive to develop knowledge-based economies to help drive macroeconomic growth. Yet efforts to date to understand health sciences research capacity are limited to output metrics of journal citations and publications, failing to reflect the complexity of the health sciences research landscape in many settings. METHODS We map and assess current capacity for health sciences research across all 54 countries of Africa by collecting a range of available data. This included structural indicators (research institutions and research funding), process indicators (clinical trial infrastructures, intellectual property rights and regulatory capacities) and output indicators (publications and citations). RESULTS While there are some countries which perform well across the range of indicators used, for most countries the results are varied-suggesting high relative performance in some indicators, but lower in others. Missing data for key measures of capacity or performance is also a key concern. Taken as a whole, existing data suggest a nuanced view of the current health sciences research landscape on the African continent. CONCLUSION Mapping existing data may enable governments and international organizations to identify where gaps in health sciences research capacity lie, particularly in comparison to other countries in the region. It also highlights gaps where more data are needed. These data can help to inform investment priorities and future system needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Wenham
- Department of Health Policy, LSE, Houghton Street, London, WC2A 2AE United Kingdom
| | - Olivier Wouters
- Department of Health Policy, LSE, Houghton Street, London, WC2A 2AE United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Jones
- LSE Health, LSE, Houghton Street, London, WC2A 2AE United Kingdom
| | - Pamela A. Juma
- LSE Health, LSE, Houghton Street, London, WC2A 2AE United Kingdom
| | - Rhona M. Mijumbi-Deve
- LSE Health, LSE, Houghton Street, London, WC2A 2AE United Kingdom
- The Center for Rapid Evidence Synthesis, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
- Africa Center for Evidence, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Joëlle L. Sobngwi-Tambekou
- LSE Health, LSE, Houghton Street, London, WC2A 2AE United Kingdom
- RSD Institute (Recherche-Santé & Développement), Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Justin Parkhurst
- Department of Health Policy, LSE, Houghton Street, London, WC2A 2AE United Kingdom
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Karim S, Sunderji Z, Jalink M, Mohamed S, Mallick I, Msadabwe-Chikuni SC, Delgarno NJ, Hammad N, Berry S. Oncology training and education initiatives in low and middle income countries: a scoping review. Ecancermedicalscience 2021; 15:1296. [PMID: 34824619 PMCID: PMC8580602 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2021.1296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The global cancer burden falls disproportionately on low and middle-income countries (LMICs). One significant barrier to adequate cancer control in these countries is the lack of an adequately trained oncology workforce. Oncology education and training initiatives are a critical component of building the workforce. We performed a scoping review of published training and education initiatives for health professionals in LMICs to understand the strategies used to train the global oncology workforce. Methods We searched Ovid MEDLINE and Embase from database inception (1947) to 4 March 2020. Articles were eligible if they described an oncology medical education initiative (with a clear intervention and outcome) within an LMIC. Articles were classified based on the target population, the level of medical education, degree of collaboration with another institution and if there was an e-learning component to the intervention. Findings Of the 806 articles screened, 25 met criteria and were eligible for analysis. The majority of initiatives were targeted towards physicians and focused on continuing medical education. Almost all the initiatives were done in partnership with a collaborating organisation from a high-income country. Only one article described the impact of the initiative on patient outcomes. Less than half of the initiatives involved e-learning. Conclusions There is a paucity of oncology training and education initiatives in LMICs published in English. Initiatives for non-physicians, efforts to foster collaboration within and between LMICs, knowledge sharing initiatives and studies that measure the impact of these initiatives on developing an effective workforce are highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safiya Karim
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Calgary, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, 1331 29 St NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N2, Canada
| | - Zahra Sunderji
- Department of Family Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A1, Canada
| | - Matthew Jalink
- Department of Oncology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 5P9, Canada
| | - Sahar Mohamed
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Indranil Mallick
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tata Medical Center, Kolkata 700 160, India
| | | | - Nancy J Delgarno
- Office of Professional Development and Educational Scholarship, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 0E9, Canada
| | - Nazik Hammad
- Department of Oncology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 5P9, Canada
| | - Scott Berry
- Department of Oncology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 5P9, Canada
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Morton B, Vercueil A, Masekela R, Heinz E, Reimer L, Saleh S, Kalinga C, Seekles M, Biccard B, Chakaya J, Abimbola S, Obasi A, Oriyo N. Consensus statement on measures to promote equitable authorship in the publication of research from international partnerships. Anaesthesia 2021; 77:264-276. [PMID: 34647323 PMCID: PMC9293237 DOI: 10.1111/anae.15597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Despite the acknowledged injustice and widespread existence of parachute research studies conducted in low‐ or middle‐income countries by researchers from institutions in high‐income countries, there is currently no pragmatic guidance for how academic journals should evaluate manuscript submissions and challenge this practice. We assembled a multidisciplinary group of editors and researchers with expertise in international health research to develop this consensus statement. We reviewed relevant existing literature and held three workshops to present research data and holistically discuss the concept of equitable authorship and the role of academic journals in the context of international health research partnerships. We subsequently developed statements to guide prospective authors and journal editors as to how they should address this issue. We recommend that for manuscripts that report research conducted in low‐ or middle‐income countries by collaborations including partners from one or more high‐income countries, authors should submit accompanying structured reflexivity statements. We provide specific questions that these statements should address and suggest that journals should transparently publish reflexivity statements with accepted manuscripts. We also provide guidance to journal editors about how they should assess the structured statements when making decisions on whether to accept or reject submitted manuscripts. We urge journals across disciplines to adopt these recommendations to accelerate the changes needed to halt the practice of parachute research.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Morton
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - A Vercueil
- King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - R Masekela
- Head of Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Clinical Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - E Heinz
- Departments of Clinical Sciences and of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - L Reimer
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - S Saleh
- Wellcome Trust Clinical, Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - C Kalinga
- Department of Social Anthropology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - M Seekles
- Department of International Public Health, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - B Biccard
- Department of Anaesthesia and Peri-operative Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - J Chakaya
- Global Respiratory Health, Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK.,Department of Medicine, Dermatology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - S Abimbola
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - A Obasi
- Department of International Public Health, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK.,AXESS Clinic, Royal Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - N Oriyo
- National Institute of Medical Research, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
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Faure MC, Munung NS, Ntusi NAB, Pratt B, de Vries J. Considering equity in global health collaborations: A qualitative study on experiences of equity. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258286. [PMID: 34618864 PMCID: PMC8496851 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
International collaborations have become the standard model for global health research and often include researchers and institutions from high income countries (HICs) and low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). While such collaborations are important for generating new knowledge that will help address global health inequities, there is evidence to suggest that current forms of collaboration may reproduce unequal power relations. Therefore, we conducted a qualitative study with scientists, researchers and those involved in research management, working in international health collaborations. Interviews were conducted between October 2019 and March 2020. We conducted 13 interviews with 15 participants. From our findings, we derive three major themes. First, our results reflect characteristics of equitable, collaborative research relationships. Here we find both relational features, specifically trust and belonging, and structural features, including clear contractual agreements, capacity building, inclusive divisions of labour, and the involvement of local communities. Second, we discuss obstacles to develop equitable collaborations. These include exclusionary labour practices, donor-driven research agendas, overall research culture, lack of accountability and finally, the inadequate financing of indirect costs for LMIC institutions. Third, we discuss the responsibilities for promoting science equity of funders, LMIC researchers, LMIC institutions, and LMIC governments. While other empirical studies have suggested similar features of equity, our findings extend these features to include local communities as collaborators in research projects and not only as beneficiaries. We also suggest the importance of funders paying for indirect costs, without which the capacity of LMIC institutions will continually erode. And finally, our study shows the responsibilities of LMIC actors in developing equitable collaborations, which have largely been absent from the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlyn C. Faure
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- * E-mail:
| | - Nchangwi S. Munung
- Division of Human Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ntobeko A. B. Ntusi
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Bridget Pratt
- Centre for Health Equity, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jantina de Vries
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Johnson A, Saypanya S, Hansel T, Rao M. More than an academic exercise: Structuring international partnerships to build research and professional capacity for conservation impact. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Arlyne Johnson
- Foundations of Success Bethesda Maryland USA
- Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies University of Wisconsin—Madison Madison Wisconsin USA
| | | | | | - Madhu Rao
- Department of Biological Sciences Wildlife Conservation Society and National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
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31
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Mogaka OF, Stewart J, Bukusi E. Why and for whom are we decolonising global health? LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH 2021; 9:e1359-e1360. [PMID: 34534477 DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(21)00317-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jenell Stewart
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Bukusi
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi 54840-00200, Kenya; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Monette EM, McHugh D, Smith MJ, Canas E, Jabo N, Henley P, Nouvet E. Informing 'good' global health research partnerships: A scoping review of guiding principles. Glob Health Action 2021; 14:1892308. [PMID: 33704024 PMCID: PMC7954413 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2021.1892308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Several sets of principles have been proposed to guide global health research partnerships and mitigate inequities inadvertently caused by them. The existence of multiple sets of principles poses a challenge for those seeking to critically engage with and develop their practice. Which of these is best to use, and why? To what extent, if any, is there agreement across proposed principles? Objective: The objectives of this review were to: (1) identify and consolidate existing documents and principles to guide global health research partnerships; (2) identify areas of overlapping consensus, if any, regarding which principles are fundamental in these partnerships; (3) identify any lack of consensus in the literature on core principles to support these partnerships. Methods: A scoping review was conducted to gather documents outlining ‘principles’ of good global health research partnerships. A broad search of academic databases to gather peerreviewed literature was conducted, complemented by a hand-search of key global health funding institutions for grey literature guidelines. Results: Our search yielded nine sets of principles designed to guide and support global health research partnerships. No single principle recurred across all documents reviewed. Most frequently cited were concerns with mutual benefits between partners (n = 6) and equity (n = 4). Despite a lack of consistency in the inclusion and definition of principles, all sources highlighted principles that identified attention to fairness, equity, or justice as an integral part of good global health research partnerships. Conclusions: Lack of consensus regarding how principles are defined suggests a need for further discussion on what global health researchers mean by ‘core’ principles. Research partnerships should seek to interpret the practical meanings and requirements of these principles through international consultation. Finally, a need exists for tools to assist with implementation of these principles to ensure their application in research practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David McHugh
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Maxwell J Smith
- School of Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Eugenia Canas
- Faculty of Information and Media Studies, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Nicole Jabo
- Center for One Health, University of Global Health Equity, Butaro, Rwanda
| | - Phaedra Henley
- Center for One Health, University of Global Health Equity, Butaro, Rwanda
| | - Elysée Nouvet
- School of Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
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Naidu T. Southern exposure: levelling the Northern tilt in global medical and medical humanities education. ADVANCES IN HEALTH SCIENCES EDUCATION : THEORY AND PRACTICE 2021; 26:739-752. [PMID: 32500281 DOI: 10.1007/s10459-020-09976-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Global medical education is dominated by a Northern tilt. Global universities' faculty and students dominate research, scholarship and teaching about what is termed global education. This tilt has been fixed in global biomedical education with some acknowledgement from the Global South of the comparative benefits of global exchange. Student exchange is predominantly North to South. Students from the Global South are less likely to visit the North on global medical education visits. Global indigenous and traditional ways of knowing rooted may be suppressed, hidden or misappropriated and repackaged for consumption in the Global South with Global North ways of knowing as a reference point. A global history of colonization has shaped this trend influencing postcolonial theorists and decolonial activists to question the legitimacy and depose the influence of dominant Global North ideas. This is evident in how communication skills, reflective practice and narratives are presented and taught. Global North students must be introduced to Global South ways of knowing before visiting the Global South from a position of critical consciousness. Emancipatory education is best led by transformative Global North-South dialogue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thirusha Naidu
- Department of Behavioural Medicine, School of Nursing and Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/Bag X7, Congella, 4013, South Africa.
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Olusanya BO, Mallewa M, Ogbo FA. Beyond pledges: academic journals in high-income countries can do more to decolonise global health. BMJ Glob Health 2021; 6:e006200. [PMID: 34031135 PMCID: PMC8149356 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2021-006200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Macpherson Mallewa
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Southern Region, Malawi
| | - Felix Akpojene Ogbo
- Translational Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Western Sydney, University, Campbelltown Campus, Penrith, NSW, Australia
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Woodall LC, Talma S, Steeds O, Stefanoudis P, Jeremie-Muzungaile MM, de Comarmond A. Co-development, co-production and co-dissemination of scientific research: a case study to demonstrate mutual benefits. Biol Lett 2021; 17:20200699. [PMID: 33849351 PMCID: PMC8098115 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2020.0699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inadequate and inequitable distribution of research capacity and resources limits both the opportunity for leadership and participation in science. It also results in biases of effort, poor and misinterpretation of global patterns and the availability of limited usable knowledge for current challenges. Increased participation in ocean research and decision-making is needed to account for many stressors and challenges. The current intergovernmental attention on the ocean (e.g. UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development) and the development of technologies that permit exploration and accelerate exploitation suggest that it is timely to focus on the ocean and its stewardship. Employing the principles of co-development, co-production and co-dissemination, this paper uses a case study of a deep reef project in Seychelles to illustrate some activities that can be employed to magnify research outcomes and legacy. We provide examples that range from ministerial briefings and planning meetings to joint fieldwork, grant allocation and co-authoring outputs. These activities helped us to align priorities, promote authentic interactions and focus on equitable science. Finally, reflecting on our experiences, we acknowledge the benefits brought by respectful and long-term partnerships, the variety of activities needed to develop these and challenges of maintaining them. In the future, we also want to include more opportunities for regional peer-to-peer learning and technology transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy C. Woodall
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Nekton, Oxford, UK
| | - Sheena Talma
- Nekton, Oxford, UK
- Ministry of Agriculture, Climate Change and Environment, Victoria, Seychelles
| | | | - Paris Stefanoudis
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Nekton, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Alain de Comarmond
- Ministry of Agriculture, Climate Change and Environment, Victoria, Seychelles
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The IHAT-GUT Iron Supplementation Trial in Rural Gambia: Barriers, Facilitators, and Benefits. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041140. [PMID: 33808403 PMCID: PMC8066312 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: In most sub-Saharan African countries iron deficiency anaemia remains highly prevalent in children and this has not changed in the last 25 years. Supplementation with iron hydroxide adipate tartrate (IHAT) was being investigated in anaemic children in a phase two clinical trial (termed IHAT-GUT), conducted at the Medical Research Council Unit the Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM) (abbreviated as MRCG hereof). This qualitative study aimed to explore the personal perceptions of the trial staff in relation to conducting a clinical trial in such settings in order to highlight the health system specific needs and strengths in the rural, resource-poor setting of the Upper River Region in the Gambia. Methods: Individual interviews (n = 17) were conducted with local trial staff of the IHAT-GUT trial. Data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis. Results: Potential barriers and facilitators to conducting this clinical trial were identified at the patient, staff, and trial management levels. Several challenges, such as the rural location and cultural context, were identified but noted as not being long-term inhibitors. Participants believed the facilitators and benefits outnumbered the barriers, and included the impact on education and healthcare, the ambitious and knowledgeable locally recruited staff, and the local partnership. Conclusions: While facilitators and barriers were identified to conducting this clinical trial in a rural, resource-poor setting, the overall impact was perceived as beneficial, and this study is a useful example of community involvement and partnership for further health improvement programs. To effectively implement a nutrition intervention, the local health systems and context must be carefully considered through qualitative research beforehand.
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Global and Latin American female participation in evidence-based software engineering: a systematic mapping study. JOURNAL OF THE BRAZILIAN COMPUTER SOCIETY 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s13173-021-00109-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Context
While the digital economy requires a new generation of technology for scientists and practitioners, the software engineering (SE) field faces a gender crisis. SE research is a global enterprise that requires the participation of both genders for the advancement of science and evidence-based practice. However, women across the world tend to be significantly underrepresented in such research, receiving less funding and less participation, frequently, than men as authors in research publications. Data about this phenomenon is still sparse and incomplete; particularly in evidence-based software engineering (EBSE), there are no studies that analyze the participation of women in this research area.
Objective
The objective of this work is to present the results of a systematic mapping study (SM) conducted to collect and evaluate evidence on female researchers who have contributed to the area of EBSE.
Method
Our SM was performed by manually searching studies in the major conferences and journals of EBSE. We identified 981 studies and 183 were authored/co-authored by women and, therefore, included.
Results
Contributions from women in secondary studies have globally increased over the years, but it is still concentrated in European countries. Additionally, collaboration among research groups is still fragile, based on a few women as a bridge. Latin American researchers contribute a great deal to the field, despite they do not collaborate as much within their region.
Conclusions
The findings from this study are expected to be aggregated to the existing knowledge with respect to women’s contribution to the EBSE area. We expect that our results bring up a reflection on the gender issue and motivate actions and policies to attract female researchers to this area.
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Abdul-Sater Z, Menassa M, El Achi N, Abdul-Khalek RA, Abu-Sittah G, Mukherji D. Strengthening capacity for cancer research in conflict settings: key informant insights from the Middle East. Ecancermedicalscience 2021; 14:1153. [PMID: 33574898 PMCID: PMC7864685 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2020.1153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Management of cancer in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region is accompanied by multiple challenges including heterogeneous access to early detection and treatment options and limited implementation of national cancer control plans. Furthermore, protracted armed conflicts across the region have had dramatic effects, including disruption of healthcare systems and the migration of healthcare professionals. Strengthening capacity for cancer research has been identified as a key intervention to correct data poverty, inform policy, manage limited resources and improve health outcomes. Objective The main objective of this study is to gain insights into the landscape, barriers and enablers of cancer training, research and care in the MENA region. Method We utilised purposive sampling to interview 16 key informants from a diverse academic, medical and research background originating from countries affected by conflicts, such as Lebanon, and from active conflict zones including Iraq and Syria. Results The themes that emerged from the interviews focused on the barriers to cancer care, barriers to cancer research and training, strengths and importance of cancer research and training recommendations. The detrimental effect of conflict on cancer provision and research was a cross-cutting sub-theme disrupting cancer care provision and research due to unsafe environments, fragmented facilities, absence of drugs and migration of personnel. When asked about perceived optimal training format for cancer research, most informants recommended a post-graduate, face-to-face training focusing on cancer research methods and concepts. Conclusion This study offers a unique insight into the barriers affecting cancer research and capacity-strengthening priorities from oncologists and researchers working in conflict-affected areas of the MENA region. These data will form the base for future capacity-strengthening initiatives addressing specific regional challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahi Abdul-Sater
- Global Health Institute, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Marilyne Menassa
- Global Health Institute, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nassim El Achi
- Global Health Institute, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | | | - Deborah Mukherji
- Naef K Basile Cancer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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Faure MC, Munung NS, Ntusi NAB, Pratt B, de Vries J. Mapping experiences and perspectives of equity in international health collaborations: a scoping review. Int J Equity Health 2021; 20:28. [PMID: 33422065 PMCID: PMC7796532 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-020-01350-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whilst global health research often involves international collaborations, achieving or promoting equity within collaborations remains a key challenge, despite established conceptual approaches and the development of frameworks and guidelines to promote equity. There have also been several empirical studies documenting researchers' experiences of inequity and views on what is required to advance equity in global health collaborations. While these empirical studies provide critical insights, there has been no attempt to systematically synthetize what constitutes equity and how it can be achieved. To address this gap, we conducted a scoping review of qualitative studies, opinion and editorial pieces about what equity is and how it can be promoted in international collaborations. METHODS We conducted a scoping review to explore domains of equity in international health collaborations. This review included qualitative studies and opinion pieces or editorial pieces on equity in international health collaborations. We mapped the data and identified common themes using a thematic analysis approach. RESULTS This initial search retrieved a total of 7611 papers after removing duplicates. A total of 11 papers were included in this review, 10 empirical studies and 1 editorial piece. We conducted our search between October - November 2019. We identified 10 key domains which are important for promoting equity in international collaborations: funding; capacity building; authorship; sample ownership and export; trust; research agreement; acknowledging inequality; recognition and communication. DISCUSSION Our findings suggest that for international collaborations to be considered more equitable, it must at least consider the 10 domains we highlighted. The 10 domains map onto five key aspects of social justice theory, namely avoiding unequal power relations like subordination, group recognition and affirmation, promoting the well-being of all, inclusion in decision-making and ensuring self-development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlyn C. Faure
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nchangwi S. Munung
- Division of Human Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ntobeko A. B. Ntusi
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Bridget Pratt
- Centre for Health Equity, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jantina de Vries
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Lawrence DS, Hirsch LA. Decolonising global health: transnational research partnerships under the spotlight. Int Health 2020; 12:518-523. [PMID: 33165557 PMCID: PMC7651076 DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihaa073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
There are increasing calls to decolonise aspects of science, and global health is no exception. The decolonising global health movement acknowledges that global health research perpetuates existing power imbalances and aims to identify concrete ways in which global health teaching and research can overcome its colonial past and present. Using the context of clinical trials implemented through transnational research partnerships (TRPs) as a case study, this narrative review brings together perspectives from clinical research and social science to lay out specific ways in which TRPs build on and perpetuate colonial power relations. We will explore three core components of TRPs: participant experience, expertise and infrastructure, and authorship. By combining a critical perspective with recently published literature we will recommend specific ways in which TRPs can be decolonised. We conclude by discussing decolonising global health as a potential practice and object of research. By doing this we intend to frame the decolonising global health movement as one that is accessible to everyone and within which we can all play an active role.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Lawrence
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Lioba A Hirsch
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Arakawa N, Anderson C. Challenges and opportunities in conducting health services research through international collaborations: A review of personal experiences. Res Social Adm Pharm 2020; 16:1609-1613. [PMID: 33153702 DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing attention to international collaborations in health services research with a number of benefits. For developing and nurturing international collaboration, a growing number of funding opportunities are available globally. Having observed and experienced the growth of international collaborations in the global health research field, the authors reflect upon their own experiences in international collaboration between the United Kingdom and many different countries in the process of health services and educational research and discuss challenges and opportunities to conduct impactful research in international settings. The commentary also highlights key issues and strategies for learning and achieving more impact from global health research, including: communication, co-creation, strong leadership and sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Arakawa
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom.
| | - Claire Anderson
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom.
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Pratt B. Community organisation-researcher partnerships: what concerns arise for community organisations and how can they be mitigated? JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ETHICS 2020; 46:693-699. [PMID: 32616622 DOI: 10.1136/medethics-2018-105252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Universities and research funders' growing emphasis on community partnerships, engagement and outreach has seen a rise in collaborations between university researchers and staff of community organisations (COs) on research projects. What ethical issues and concerns are experienced as part of these collaborations has largely not been described, particularly from the perspective of COs As part of a recent, broader qualitative study, several concerns arising during health research collaborations between COs and university researchers were captured during thematic analysis. The concerns were described in semistructured interviews by four staff of three COs that work with marginalised groups (ie, migrants and refugees, women who experience domestic violence, indigenous populations) in a high-income country. In this paper, the three concerns are taken as the starting point for ethical analysis. Interview data are first used to illustrate the three concerns: being restricted to a recruitment role in studies, reinforcement of stereotypes of marginalised groups and weakening CO-community relationships. The paper then explores why the concerns are morally troubling and demonstrates how each concern generates feelings of disrespect, creates harm(s), and/or reflects or reinforces unfairness or injustice. It concludes by proposing three ethical criteria for CO-researcher partnerships: fair division of labour, balancing CO advocacy goals with research goals and balancing CO service goals with research goals. Where researchers and COs discuss how to meet these criteria at the start and during research collaborations, it can potentially help mitigate or prevent the occurrence of the concerns described in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget Pratt
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3053, Australia
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Alba S, Verdonck K, Lenglet A, Rumisha SF, Wienia M, Teunissen I, Straetemans M, Mendoza W, Jeannetot D, Weibel D, Mayanja-Kizza H, Juvekar S. Bridging research integrity and global health epidemiology (BRIDGE) statement: guidelines for good epidemiological practice. BMJ Glob Health 2020; 5:e003236. [PMID: 33115859 PMCID: PMC7594207 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research integrity and research fairness have gained considerable momentum in the past decade and have direct implications for global health epidemiology. Research integrity and research fairness principles should be equally nurtured to produce high-quality impactful research-but bridging the two can lead to practical and ethical dilemmas. In order to provide practical guidance to researchers and epidemiologist, we set out to develop good epidemiological practice guidelines specifically for global health epidemiology, targeted at stakeholders involved in the commissioning, conduct, appraisal and publication of global health research. METHODS We developed preliminary guidelines based on targeted online searches on existing best practices for epidemiological studies and sought to align these with key elements of global health research and research fairness. We validated these guidelines through a Delphi consultation study, to reach a consensus among a wide representation of stakeholders. RESULTS A total of 45 experts provided input on the first round of e-Delphi consultation and 40 in the second. Respondents covered a range of organisations (including for example academia, ministries, NGOs, research funders, technical agencies) involved in epidemiological studies from countries around the world (Europe: 19; Africa: 10; North America: 7; Asia: 5; South-America: 3 Australia: 1). A selection of eight experts were invited for a face-to-face meeting. The final guidelines consist of a set of 6 standards and 42 accompanying criteria including study preparation, protocol development, data collection, data management, data analysis, dissemination and communication. CONCLUSION While guidelines will not by themselves guard global health from questionable and unfair research practices, they are certainly part of a concerted effort to ensure not only mutual accountability between individual researchers, their institutions and their funders but most importantly their joint accountability towards the communities they study and society at large.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Alba
- Health, KIT Royal Tropical Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Annick Lenglet
- Médecins Sans Frontières, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Susan F Rumisha
- National Institute for Medical Research, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, United Republic of
- Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Martijn Wienia
- NWO-WOTRO Science for Global Development, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Imre Teunissen
- Health, KIT Royal Tropical Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Daniel Jeannetot
- Health, KIT Royal Tropical Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Sanjay Juvekar
- Vadu Rural Health Program, KEM Hospital Research Centre, Pune, India
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Daftary A, Viens AM. Solidarity in Global Health Research-Are the Stakes Equal? THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOETHICS : AJOB 2020; 20:59-62. [PMID: 32364485 DOI: 10.1080/15265161.2020.1745945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Daftary
- School of Global Health, York University
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu Natal
| | - A M Viens
- School of Global Health, York University
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Pratt B, Cheah PY, Marsh V. Solidarity and Community Engagement in Global Health Research. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOETHICS : AJOB 2020; 20:43-56. [PMID: 32364467 PMCID: PMC7613329 DOI: 10.1080/15265161.2020.1745930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Community engagement (CE) is gaining prominence in global health research. A number of ethical goals-spanning the instrumental, intrinsic, and transformative-have been ascribed to CE in global health research. This paper draws attention to an additional transformative value that CE is not typically linked to but that seems very relevant: solidarity. Both are concerned with building relationships and connecting parties that are distant from one another. This paper first argues that furthering solidarity should be recognized as another ethical goal for CE in global health research. It contends that, over time, CE can build the bases of solidaristic relationships-moral imagination, recognition, understanding, empathy-between researchers and community members. Applying concepts from existing accounts of solidarity, the paper develops preliminary ideas about who should be engaged and how to advance solidarity. The proposed approach is compared to current CE practice in global health research. Finally, the paper briefly considers how solidaristic CE could affect how global health research is performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget Pratt
- Centre for Health Equity, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Phaik Yeong Cheah
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- The Ethox Centre, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Vicki Marsh
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) - Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Nairobi, Kenya
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Eccleston-Turner M, Brassington I. Restricting Access to Pathogen Samples and Epidemiological Data: A Not-So-Brief History of “Viral Sovereignty” and the Mark It Left on the World. INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN THE NEW MILLENNIUM 2020; 82. [PMCID: PMC7226898 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-39819-4_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
In 2007 the Indonesian government claimed sovereignty over the H5N1 influenza virus samples isolated within Indonesia’s territories, refusing to share those samples with the World Health Organisation. Indonesia’s sovereignty claims conflicted with the decades-long practice of sharing influenza samples with the WHO, and was seen as an affront to scientific norms of cooperation and openness. The conflict was ostensibly resolved in 2011 with the introduction of the WHO’s Pandemic Influenza Preparedness Framework (PIP Framework), which was intended to secure access to influenza viruses from around the world and effect a fairer distribution of vaccines and other benefits associated with the use of pandemic influenza samples. The problem is, the PIP Framework did not resolve the issues created with the concept of viral sovereignty. In fact, by recognising the sovereign rights of states over this subset of pathogens, the PIP Framework legitimised viral sovereignty as a broader legal norm. Instead of resisting this concept, the WHO quietly acceded to it and reinforced a set of perverse incentives for countries to restrict access to pathogens precisely when those pathogens embody the greatest value: during a public health emergency. This chapter demonstrates that the concept of viral sovereignty did not begin with Indonesia in 2007, and more importantly, it did not end with the PIP Framework in 2011. Despite the term “viral sovereignty” fading into relative obscurity, the concept itself is now an established legal norm that could delay efforts to save lives during epidemics and pandemics.
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Pratt B. Towards inclusive priority-setting for global health research projects: recommendations for sharing power with communities. Health Policy Plan 2020; 34:346-357. [PMID: 31168568 DOI: 10.1093/heapol/czz041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Global health research priority-setting is dominated by funders and researchers, often from high-income countries. Engaging communities that are considered disadvantaged and marginalized in priority-setting is essential to making their voices and concerns visible in global health research projects' topics and questions. However, without attention to power dynamics, their engagement can often lead to presence without voice and voice without influence. Global health research priority-setting must be designed to share power with such communities to ensure that research projects' topics and questions reflect the health care and system inequities they face. To better understand what sharing 'power over' priority-setting requires, 29 in-depth, semi-structured interviews and one focus group were undertaken with researchers, ethicists, community engagement practitioners and community-based organization staff. The study shows that, before moving ahead with priority-setting for global health research projects, it is vital to assess whether contextual factors necessary for meaningful engagement between researchers and marginalized communities are present or can be built in the research setting. Study findings describe several such contextual factors and 12 features of priority-setting that affect how processes are run, who participates in them, and who influences their outputs. During priority-setting for global health research projects, it is essential to implement ways of sharing power with communities in relation to these features. Study findings describe a multitude of such strategies that are employed in practice. After priority-setting, it is important to demonstrate respect and accountability to communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget Pratt
- Centre for Health Equity, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, 207 Bouverie Street, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
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von Kaeppler E, Donnelley C, Roberts HJ, O'Hara NN, Won N, Shearer DW, Morshed S. Impact of North American Institutions on Orthopedic Research in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Orthop Clin North Am 2020; 51:177-188. [PMID: 32138856 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocl.2019.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
There exists an unmet need for locally relevant and sustainable orthopedic research in low- and middle-income countries. Partnerships between high-income countries and low- and middle-income countries can bridge gaps in resources, knowledge, infrastructure, and skill. This article presents a select list of models for high-income countries/low- and middle-income countries research partnerships including academic partnerships, international research consortia, professional society-associated working groups, and nongovernmental organization partnerships. Models that produce research with lasting legacy are those that promote mutually beneficial partnerships over individual gains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ericka von Kaeppler
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, 2550 23rd Street, Building 9, 2nd Floor, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Claire Donnelley
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, 2550 23rd Street, Building 9, 2nd Floor, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Heather J Roberts
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, 2550 23rd Street, Building 9, 2nd Floor, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Nathan N O'Hara
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Suite 300, 110 South Paca Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Nae Won
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, 2550 23rd Street, Building 9, 2nd Floor, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - David W Shearer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, 2550 23rd Street, Building 9, 2nd Floor, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Saam Morshed
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, 2550 23rd Street, Building 9, 2nd Floor, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA.
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Islam S, Ahmed N, Rivu SF, Khalil M, Tanjia N, Lehmann C. Challenges for microcirculation research in developing countries. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2020; 73:599-607. [PMID: 31156150 DOI: 10.3233/ch-190611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microvascular dysfunction is a main contributor to morbidity and mortality worldwide. Sophisticated technical tools (e.g. miniaturized hardware, automated software), along with skilled personnel are the prerequisite for quantitative observations of the microvasculature. OBJECTIVE This review aimed to get an overview about on-going microcirculatory research in developing countries, particularly of the South-East Asia region for the last five years and to project the challenges faced in microcirculation research in developing countries. METHODS Original research articles originating from 194 countries were searched in PubMed database on the field of microcirculation research for the last five years. RESULTS Our findings showed that around 1800 articles have been published from developing countries compared to more than 5000 from developed countries on different aspects of microcirculation. The overall publication per million populations for developing countries was found to be 0.37 where for developed countries it was 3.62. CONCLUSIONS Initiation and execution of sophisticated research in microcirculation is a demand of the time. Such research, initially, may seem unmanageable in developing countries with limited resources and infrastructure settings. Collaborative scientific projects may aid in establishing networks for microvascular research in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sufia Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, East West University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Najneen Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy, East West University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Marjana Khalil
- Department of Pharmacy, East West University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Nafisa Tanjia
- Department of Pharmacy, East West University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Christian Lehmann
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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Newberry JA, Patel S, Kayden S, O’Laughlin KN, Cioè‐Peña E, Strehlow MC. Fostering a Diverse Pool of Global Health Academic Leaders Through Mentorship and Career Path Planning. AEM EDUCATION AND TRAINING 2020; 4:S98-S105. [PMID: 32072113 PMCID: PMC7011405 DOI: 10.1002/aet2.10403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Established in 2011, the Global Emergency Medicine Academy (GEMA) aims "to improve the global delivery of emergency care through research, education, and mentorship." Global health remains early in its development as an academic track in emergency medicine, and there are only a small number of global emergency medicine academic faculty in most institutions. Consequently, GEMA focused its efforts at the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine (SAEM) Annual Meeting in 2019 on developing a diverse pool of global health academics and leaders in emergency medicine. Current and previous members of the GEMA Executive Committee convened to appraise and describe how current GEMA efforts situate within existing knowledge in the arenas of professional development and mentorship. The 2019 SAEM Annual Meeting unveiled the Global Emergency Medicine Roadmap, a joint venture between GEMA and the residents and medical students (RAMS) group. The roadmap guides medical students, residents, and fellows in the exploration of global emergency medicine and career development. GEMA's mentorship roundtable complemented this effort by providing a version of speed mentoring across several critical areas: work-life balance, identifying near-peer and long-distance mentoring opportunities, negotiating with your Chair, finding funding, networking, and teaching abroad. Finally, the GEMA-sponsored panel "Empowering Women through Emergency Care Development in LMICs" underscored the potential for empowering women through global emergency medicine development, including policy advocacy, inclusive research approaches, and mentorship and sponsorship. In summary, GEMA is committed to developing a diverse group of future global health leaders to guide the expansion of emergency medicine worldwide. Our work indicates critical future directions in global emergency medicine education and training including building innovative mentoring networks across institutions and countries. Further, we will continue to focus on growing faculty diversity, empowering underrepresented populations through emergency care development, and supporting rising global emergency medicine faculty in their pursuit of advancement and promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shama Patel
- Department of Emergency MedicineNew York‐Presbyterian, Colombia UniversityNew YorkNY
| | - Stephanie Kayden
- Department of Emergency MedicineBrigham and Women’s HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
| | - Kelli N. O’Laughlin
- Departments of Emergency Medicine & Global HealthHarborview Medical CenterUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWA
| | - Eric Cioè‐Peña
- Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/NorthwellHemptsteadNY
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