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Mor N. Organising for One Health in a developing country. One Health 2023; 17:100611. [PMID: 37588424 PMCID: PMC10425406 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2023.100611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, zoonotic diseases pose an enormous and growing public health challenge, and developing countries like India are at the epicentre of it. Although there is general recognition of this reality, governments around the world have struggled to organise appropriately to respond to it. The widely held view is that organising for One Health requires effective cross-sectoral collaboration, but the prerequisites to enable such collaboration appear almost unattainable. Perhaps an entirely different approach is needed, which is over and above effective collaborations between competing government ministries. The approach would have to recognise that while any organisational response will need to be able to address identified zoonotic diseases and respond effectively to them in times of crises, it would also be required to have the ability to shape the response to megatrends such as climate change, deforestation, and the underlying development models of the country. The paper analyses the success and failures associated with the way in which India, Bangladesh, Kenya, and Rwanda have organised for One Health. It also studies the underlying pathways through which zoonotic spillovers take place, and epidemics gather momentum. Based on these critical analyses, the paper concludes that attempts to build single overarching units to address these challenges have only been partially effective. Given the scale and complexity of the challenge, it recommends that, even at the risk of duplication and the very real possibility that unaddressed gaps will remain, an approach, which builds multiple sharply focused units, would have a greater chance of success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nachiket Mor
- Banyan Academy of Leadership in Mental Health, India
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2
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Yopa DS, Massom DM, Kiki GM, Sophie RW, Fasine S, Thiam O, Zinaba L, Ngangue P. Barriers and enablers to the implementation of one health strategies in developing countries: a systematic review. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1252428. [PMID: 38074697 PMCID: PMC10701386 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1252428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction One Health is a concept that establishes the link between humans, animals and the environment in a collaborative approach. Since One Health's inception, several interventions have been developed in many regions and countries worldwide to tackle complex health problems, including epidemics and pandemics. In the developed world, many collaborative platforms have been created with an international strategy to address issues specific or not to their environment. Unfortunately, there is a lack of synthesis on the challenges and opportunities Low and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) face. Methods Following The Preferred Reporting Elements for PRISMA Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), we conducted a systematic review. We applied a search strategy to electronic bibliographic databases (PubMed, Embase, Global Health, Web of Science and CINAHL). We assessed the included articles' quality using the Mixed Methods Appraisal tool (MMAT). Results and discussion A total of 424 articles were initially identified through the electronic database search. After removing duplicates (n = 68), 356 articles were screened for title and abstract, and 16 were retained for full-text screening. The identified barriers were the lack of political will, weak governance and lack of human, financial and logistics resources. Concerning the enablers, we listed the existence of a reference framework document for One Health activities, good coordination between the different sectors at the various levels, the importance of joint and multisectoral meetings that advocated the One Health approach and the Availability of funds and adequate resources coupled with the support of Technical and Financial partners. Conclusion One Health strategy and interventions must be implemented widely to address the rising burden of emerging infectious diseases, zoonotic diseases, and antimicrobial resistance. Addressing those challenges and reinforcing the enablers to promote managing global health challenges is necessary. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/record_email.php, Unique Identifier: CRD42023393693.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Sandra Yopa
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaounde 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Douglas Mbang Massom
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Gbètogo Maxime Kiki
- Rehabilitation Department, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration, Québec, QC, Canada
| | | | - Sylvie Fasine
- National Institute of Biomedical Research, Ministry of Public Health, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Oumou Thiam
- Ministry of Health and Public Hygiene, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Lassane Zinaba
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Training and Research in Health Sciences and Education, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Patrice Ngangue
- Rehabilitation Department, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration, Québec, QC, Canada
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Training and Research in Health Sciences and Education, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
- Faculty of Nursing Sciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
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Hotea I, Sirbu C, Plotuna AM, Tîrziu E, Badea C, Berbecea A, Dragomirescu M, Radulov I. Integrating (Nutri-)Metabolomics into the One Health Tendency-The Key for Personalized Medicine Advancement. Metabolites 2023; 13:800. [PMID: 37512507 PMCID: PMC10384896 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13070800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics is an advanced technology, still under development, with multiple research applications, especially in the field of health. Individual metabolic profiles, the functionality of the body, as well as its interaction with the environment, can be established using this technology. The body's response to various external factors, including the food consumed and the nutrients it contains, has increased researchers' interest in nutrimetabolomics. Establishing correlations between diet and the occurrence of various diseases, or even the development of personalized nutrition plans, could contribute to advances in precision medicine. The interdependence between humans, animals, and the environment is of particular importance today, with the dramatic emergence and spread of zoonotic diseases, food, water and soil contamination, and the degradation of resources and habitats. All these events have led to an increase in risk factors for functional diseases, burdening global health. Thus, this study aimed to highlight the importance of metabolomics, and, in particular, nutrimetabolomics, as a technical solution for a holistic, collaborative, and precise approach for the advancement of the One Health strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ionela Hotea
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences "King Mihai I" from Timisoara, Calea Aradului, No. 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Catalin Sirbu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences "King Mihai I" from Timisoara, Calea Aradului, No. 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ana-Maria Plotuna
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences "King Mihai I" from Timisoara, Calea Aradului, No. 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Emil Tîrziu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences "King Mihai I" from Timisoara, Calea Aradului, No. 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Corina Badea
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences "King Mihai I" from Timisoara, Calea Aradului, No. 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Adina Berbecea
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Life Sciences "King Mihai I" from Timisoara, Calea Aradului, No. 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Monica Dragomirescu
- Faculty of Bioengineering of Animal Resources, University of Life Sciences "King Mihai I" from Timisoara, Calea Aradului, No. 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Isidora Radulov
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Life Sciences "King Mihai I" from Timisoara, Calea Aradului, No. 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
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Lefrançois T, Malvy D, Atlani-Duault L, Benamouzig D, Druais PL, Yazdanpanah Y, Delfraissy JF, Lina B. After 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic, translating One Health into action is urgent. Lancet 2023; 401:789-794. [PMID: 36302392 PMCID: PMC9595398 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(22)01840-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Denis Malvy
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University Hospital Pellegrin, Bordeaux, France; National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) UMR 1219, Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD) EMR 271, Bordeaux Population Health Research Centre, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Laetitia Atlani-Duault
- Université Paris Cité, IRD, Ceped, Paris, France; Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jean-François Delfraissy
- Comité Consultatif National d'Ethique, National Ethical Consultative Committee for Life Sciences and Health, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Lina
- HCL, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Centre National de Référence de virus des infections respiratoires (dont la grippe), Hôpital de la Croix Rousse, Lyon, France; CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (Team VirPath), Inserm U1111, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
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Mwatondo A, Rahman-Shepherd A, Hollmann L, Chiossi S, Maina J, Kurup KK, Hassan OA, Coates B, Khan M, Spencer J, Mutono N, Thumbi SM, Muturi M, Mutunga M, Arruda LB, Akhbari M, Ettehad D, Ntoumi F, Scott TP, Nel LH, Ellis-Iversen J, Sönksen UW, Onyango D, Ismail Z, Simachew K, Wolking D, Kazwala R, Sijali Z, Bett B, Heymann D, Kock R, Zumla A, Dar O. A global analysis of One Health Networks and the proliferation of One Health collaborations. Lancet 2023; 401:605-616. [PMID: 36682370 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(22)01596-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
There has been a renewed focus on threats to the human-animal-environment interface as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, and investments in One Health collaborations are expected to increase. Efforts to monitor the development of One Health Networks (OHNs) are essential to avoid duplication or misalignment of investments. This Series paper shows the global distribution of existing OHNs and assesses their collective characteristics to identify potential deficits in the ways OHNs have formed and to help increase the effectiveness of investments. We searched PubMed, Google, Google Scholar, and relevant conference websites for potential OHNs and identified 184 worldwide for further analysis. We developed four case studies to show important findings from our research and exemplify best practices in One Health operationalisation. Our findings show that, although more OHNs were formed in the past 10 years than in the preceding decade, investment in OHNs has not been equitably distributed; more OHNs are formed and headquartered in Europe than in any other region, and emerging infections and novel pathogens were the priority focus area for most OHNs, with fewer OHNs focusing on other important hazards and pressing threats to health security. We found substantial deficits in the OHNs collaboration model regarding the diversity of stakeholder and sector representation, which we argue impedes effective and equitable OHN formation and contributes to other imbalances in OHN distribution and priorities. These findings are supported by previous evidence that shows the skewed investment in One Health thus far. The increased attention to One Health after the COVID-19 pandemic is an opportunity to focus efforts and resources to areas that need them most. Analyses, such as this Series paper, should be used to establish databases and repositories of OHNs worldwide. Increased attention should then be given to understanding existing resource allocation and distribution patterns, establish more egalitarian networks that encompass the breadth of One Health issues, and serve communities most affected by emerging, re-emerging, or endemic threats at the human-animal-environment interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athman Mwatondo
- Zoonotic Disease Unit, Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya; International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Royal Institute of International Affairs, London, UK.
| | - Afifah Rahman-Shepherd
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore; Royal Institute of International Affairs, London, UK
| | - Lara Hollmann
- Royal Institute of International Affairs, London, UK
| | - Scott Chiossi
- Royal Institute of International Affairs, London, UK
| | - Josphat Maina
- Zoonotic Disease Unit, Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya; International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | | | | | - Mishal Khan
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Department of Community Health Sciences and Department of Pathology, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan; Royal Institute of International Affairs, London, UK
| | - Julia Spencer
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Nyamai Mutono
- Paul G Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA; Center for Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Samuel M Thumbi
- Paul G Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA; Center for Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mathew Muturi
- Zoonotic Disease Unit, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, and Fisheries, Nairobi, Kenya; International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Mumbua Mutunga
- Institute of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Liã Bárbara Arruda
- Centre for Clinical Microbiology, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Melika Akhbari
- Clinical Academic Training Office, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dena Ettehad
- Academic Foundation Programme, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Francine Ntoumi
- Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche Médicale, Brazzaville, Democratic Republic of the Congo; Institute for Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Louis H Nel
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics, and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | - Ute Wolff Sönksen
- National Centre for Antimicrobials and Infection Control, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Diana Onyango
- The One Health for Humans, Environment, Animals and Livelihoods Project, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Zuleka Ismail
- The One Health for Humans, Environment, Animals and Livelihoods Project, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Kebadu Simachew
- The One Health for Humans, Environment, Animals and Livelihoods Project, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - David Wolking
- One Health Institute, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Rudovick Kazwala
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Zikankuba Sijali
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Bernard Bett
- International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - David Heymann
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London, UK
| | - Richard Kock
- Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
| | - Alimuddin Zumla
- Department of Infection, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK; National Institute for Health and Care Research Biomedical Research Centre, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Osman Dar
- Global Health Programme, Royal Institute of International Affairs, London, UK; Global Operations, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK
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Abstract
Zoonoses are diseases and infections naturally transmitted between humans and vertebrate animals. Over the years, zoonoses have become increasingly significant threats to global health. They form the dominant group of diseases among the emerging infectious diseases (EID) and currently account for 73% of EID. Approximately 25% of zoonoses originate in domestic animals. The etiological agents of zoonoses include different pathogens, with viruses accounting for approximately 30% of all zoonotic infections. Zoonotic diseases can be transmitted directly or indirectly, by contact, via aerosols, through a vector, or vertically in utero. Zoonotic diseases are found in every continent except Antarctica. Numerous factors associated with the pathogen, human activities, and the environment play significant roles in the transmission and emergence of zoonotic diseases. Effective response and control of zoonotic diseases call for multiple-sector involvement and collaboration according to the One Health concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oyewale Tomori
- African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University, Ede, Nigeria; ,
| | - Daniel O Oluwayelu
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Centre for Control and Prevention of Zoonoses, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; ,
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Mremi IR, Rumisha SF, Sindato C, Kimera SI, Mboera LEG. Comparative assessment of the human and animal health surveillance systems in Tanzania: Opportunities for an integrated one health surveillance platform. Glob Public Health 2023; 18:2110921. [PMID: 35951768 DOI: 10.1080/17441692.2022.2110921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Globally, there have been calls for an integrated zoonotic disease surveillance system. This study aimed to assess human and animal health surveillance systems to identify opportunities for One Health surveillance platform in Tanzania. A desk review of policies, acts and strategies addressing disease surveillance that support inter-sectoral collaboration was conducted. A semi-structured questionnaire was administered to key informants from the two sectors. Databases with potential relevance for surveillance were assessed. One Health-focused policies, acts, strategic plans and guidelines emphasising inter-sectoral collaboration strengthening were in place. Stable systems for collecting surveillance data with trained staff to implement surveillance activities at all levels in both sectors were available. While the human surveillance system was a mix of paper-based and web-based, the animal health system was mainly paper-based. The laboratory information system existed in both sectors, though not integrated with the epidemiological surveillance systems. Both the animal and human surveillance systems had low sensitivity to alert outbreaks. The findings indicate that individual, organisational, and infrastructure opportunities that support the integration of surveillance systems from multiple sectors exist. Challenges related to data sharing and quality need to be addressed for the effective implementation of the platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene R Mremi
- SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Africa Centre of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Human and Animals, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
- National Institute for Medical Research, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Susan F Rumisha
- National Institute for Medical Research, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
- Malaria Atlas Project, Geospatial Health and Development, Telethon Kids Institute, West Perth, Australia
| | - Calvin Sindato
- SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Africa Centre of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Human and Animals, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
- National Institute for Medical Research, Tabora Research Centre, Tabora, Tanzania
| | - Sharadhuli I Kimera
- SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Africa Centre of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Human and Animals, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Leonard E G Mboera
- SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Africa Centre of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Human and Animals, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
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Fasina FO, Nanyingi M, Wangila RS, Gikonyo S, Omani R, Nyariki T, Wahome LW, Kiplamai J, Tenge E, Kivaria F, Okuthe S, Nzietchueng S, Kimani T, Kimutai J, Mucheru G, Njagi O, Njogu G, Rono R, Maina GN, Mogaka D, Mathooko J, Sirdar MM, Mogoa EG, Makumi A, Bett B, Mwatondo A, Kimonye VK, Rwego IB, Adan A, Wakhusama S, Bastiaensen P, Bebay C. Co-creation and priority setting for applied and implementation research in One Health: Improving capacities in public and animal health systems in Kenya. One Health 2022; 15:100460. [PMID: 36532669 PMCID: PMC9754982 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2022.100460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Kenyan government has successfully been implementing sector specific and multisectoral projects aligned to the Global Health Security Agenda (GHSA). For operational readiness and to enhance the effective planning and implementation of Global Health Security Programs (GHSP) at national and subnational level, there is an urgent need for stakeholders' engagement process to seek input in identifying challenges, prioritise activities for field implementation, and identify applied research and development questions, that should be addressed in the next five years. Methods The modified Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative (CHNRI) method was used to identify global health security related priorities for multisectoral implementation in Kenya. Subject matter experts from human, animal and environmental health sectors at national and subnational level contributed to predefined research questions from a number of sources and activities for consideration for implementation using a One Health approach. Sixty-two experts scored the 193 questions based on five pre-defined criteria: 1) feasibility and answerability; 2) potential for burden reduction; 3) potential for a paradigm shift; 4) potential for translation and implementation; and 5) impact on equity. Data resulting from this process was then analysed in a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet to determine the research priorities and experts' agreements. Results Among the priority activities identified for implementation research were; strengthening One Health governance and legal frameworks; integration of ecosystem health into One Health programming; strengthening disease reporting, integrated data collection, information sharing and joint outbreak response; socio-anthropological and gender-based approaches in improving risk and behavioural change communication and community engagement; and one health workforce development. In addition, the potentials to invest in collaborative predictive risk modelling to enhance epidemic intelligence systems, while strengthening the One Health approach in the food safety incident and emergency response plans are feasible. Interpretation Successful multisectoral implementation of global health security program in Kenya calls for a whole of society approach that will harness community and private sector knowledge to build preparedness and response capacities while targeting neglected and marginalised populations. This research provides a framework that is worth emulating for cost-effective planning and implementation of overarching One Health programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Folorunso O. Fasina
- Emergency Center for Transboundary Animal Diseases (ECTAD), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), United Nations Office in Nairobi (UNON), Gigiri, Nairobi, Kenya,Corresponding author.
| | - Mark Nanyingi
- Emergency Center for Transboundary Animal Diseases (ECTAD), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), United Nations Office in Nairobi (UNON), Gigiri, Nairobi, Kenya,Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of One Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Rinah S. Wangila
- Emergency Center for Transboundary Animal Diseases (ECTAD), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), United Nations Office in Nairobi (UNON), Gigiri, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Stephen Gikonyo
- Emergency Center for Transboundary Animal Diseases (ECTAD), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), United Nations Office in Nairobi (UNON), Gigiri, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ruth Omani
- Emergency Center for Transboundary Animal Diseases (ECTAD), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), United Nations Office in Nairobi (UNON), Gigiri, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Thomas Nyariki
- Emergency Center for Transboundary Animal Diseases (ECTAD), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), United Nations Office in Nairobi (UNON), Gigiri, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Lucy W. Wahome
- Emergency Center for Transboundary Animal Diseases (ECTAD), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), United Nations Office in Nairobi (UNON), Gigiri, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Joy Kiplamai
- Emergency Center for Transboundary Animal Diseases (ECTAD), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), United Nations Office in Nairobi (UNON), Gigiri, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Evans Tenge
- Emergency Center for Transboundary Animal Diseases (ECTAD), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), United Nations Office in Nairobi (UNON), Gigiri, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Fredrick Kivaria
- Emergency Center for Transboundary Animal Diseases (ECTAD), Regional Office for Eastern Africa, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), United Nations Office in Nairobi (UNON), Gigiri, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Sam Okuthe
- Emergency Center for Transboundary Animal Diseases (ECTAD), Regional Office for Eastern Africa, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), United Nations Office in Nairobi (UNON), Gigiri, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Serge Nzietchueng
- Emergency Center for Transboundary Animal Diseases (ECTAD), Regional Office for Eastern Africa, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), United Nations Office in Nairobi (UNON), Gigiri, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Tabitha Kimani
- Emergency Center for Transboundary Animal Diseases (ECTAD), Regional Office for Eastern Africa, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), United Nations Office in Nairobi (UNON), Gigiri, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Joshua Kimutai
- Emergency Center for Transboundary Animal Diseases (ECTAD), Regional Office for Eastern Africa, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), United Nations Office in Nairobi (UNON), Gigiri, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Gerald Mucheru
- Emergency Center for Transboundary Animal Diseases (ECTAD), Regional Office for Eastern Africa, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), United Nations Office in Nairobi (UNON), Gigiri, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Obadiah Njagi
- Directorate of Veterinary Services (DVS), Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries and Co-operatives, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - George Njogu
- Emergency Center for Transboundary Animal Diseases (ECTAD), Regional Office for Eastern Africa, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), United Nations Office in Nairobi (UNON), Gigiri, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Robert Rono
- Department of Health Services, Baringo County Government, Kabarnet, Kenya
| | - Grace N. Maina
- Directorate of Veterinary Services, Murang'a County Government, Murang'a, Kenya
| | - Dan Mogaka
- World Health Organization (WHO), World Health Emergencies (WHE), United Nations Office in Nairobi (UNON), Gigiri, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Joseph Mathooko
- Inclusive Value Chain, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), United Nations Office in Nairobi (UNON), Gigiri, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Mohammed M. Sirdar
- Sub-Regional Representation for Southern Africa, World Organization for Animal Health, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Eddy G.M. Mogoa
- Africa One Health University Network (AFROHUN) Kenya, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Angela Makumi
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Bernard Bett
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Athman Mwatondo
- Zoonotic Disease Unit (ZDU), Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Innocent B. Rwego
- CORE Group Polio-Global Health Security Project, Kenya and Somalia, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Abdirahman Adan
- CORE Group Polio-Global Health Security Project, Kenya and Somalia, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Samuel Wakhusama
- Sub-Regional Representation for Eastern Africa, World Organization for Animal Health, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Patrick Bastiaensen
- Sub-Regional Representation for Eastern Africa, World Organization for Animal Health, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Charles Bebay
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of One Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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A generalizable one health framework for the control of zoonotic diseases. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8588. [PMID: 35597789 PMCID: PMC9124177 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12619-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Effectively preventing and controlling zoonotic diseases requires a One Health approach that involves collaboration across sectors responsible for human health, animal health (both domestic and wildlife), and the environment, as well as other partners. Here we describe the Generalizable One Health Framework (GOHF), a five-step framework that provides structure for using a One Health approach in zoonotic disease programs being implemented at the local, sub-national, national, regional, or international level. Part of the framework is a toolkit that compiles existing resources and presents them following a stepwise schematic, allowing users to identify relevant resources as they are required. Coupled with recommendations for implementing a One Health approach for zoonotic disease prevention and control in technical domains including laboratory, surveillance, preparedness and response, this framework can mobilize One Health and thereby enhance and guide capacity building to combat zoonotic disease threats at the human-animal-environment interface.
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Ssekamatte T, Isunju JB, Nalugya A, Mugambe RK, Kalibala P, Musewa A, Bikaako W, Nattimba M, Tigaiza A, Nakalembe D, Osuret J, Wafula ST, Buregyeya E, Tsiouris F, Michaels-Strasser S, Kabasa JD, Bazeyo W. Using the Kolb's experiential learning cycle to explore the extent of application of one health competencies to solving global health challenges; a tracer study among AFROHUN-Uganda alumni. Global Health 2022; 18:49. [PMID: 35550588 PMCID: PMC9096757 DOI: 10.1186/s12992-022-00841-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Africa One Health University Network (AFROHUN) with support from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), has since 2012 conducted pre and in-service One health (OH) trainings with the objective of improving global health security. These trainings aim to build competencies that, enhance a multidisciplinary approach to solving global health challenges. Despite the investment in OH trainings, there is limited documentation of the extent of acquisition and application of the OH competencies at workplaces. This tracer study explored the extent of acquisition and application of the OH competencies by the AFROHUN-Uganda alumni. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among a random sample of 182 AFROHUN-Uganda alumni of 2013-2018 cohorts. A blended approach of interviewer-administered and self-administered questionnaires was used. Virtual platforms such as Zoom, Microsoft teams, and Skype, and phone interviews were used to collect data when face-to-face interactions with alumni were not possible. Data were collected electronically, either through a link or with the aid of the KoboCollect mobile application, pre-installed on android enabled devices, and analysed using STATA14.0. RESULTS The majority of respondents, 78.6% (143/182) had jobs that required application of OH knowledge and skills, 95.6% (174/182) had learned employable skills from OH activities and 89.6% (163/182) had applied such skills when searching for employment. About 21.7% (34/180) to a very high extent required OH field-specific theoretical knowledge at their workplaces, 27.4% (43/80) to a very high extent required OH field-specific practical knowledge/skills, 42.7% (67/180) to a high extent required a change in attitude and perceptions towards working with people from different disciplines, 49.0% (77/180) required collaboration and networking skills, and more than half, 51.0% (80/180) required team building skills. CONCLUSIONS The majority of OH alumni to a very high extent acquired and applied OH competences such as teamwork, effective communication, community entry and engagement, report writing and problem-solving skills. This study revealed the significant contribution of the AFROHUN Uganda OH activities towards supportive work environments, and highlights areas of improvement such as supporting the trainees to acquire people-management skills, innovation, and an entrepreneurial mind set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonny Ssekamatte
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Kampala, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda. .,Africa One Health University Network, Plot 20B Kawalya Kagwa Cl, Kololo, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - John Bosco Isunju
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Kampala, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda.,Africa One Health University Network, Plot 20B Kawalya Kagwa Cl, Kololo, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Aisha Nalugya
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Kampala, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Richard K Mugambe
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Kampala, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Patrick Kalibala
- Africa One Health University Network, Plot 20B Kawalya Kagwa Cl, Kololo, Kampala, Uganda.,Makerere University College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Angella Musewa
- Africa One Health University Network, Plot 20B Kawalya Kagwa Cl, Kololo, Kampala, Uganda.,Makerere University College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Winnie Bikaako
- Africa One Health University Network, Plot 20B Kawalya Kagwa Cl, Kololo, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Milly Nattimba
- Africa One Health University Network, Plot 20B Kawalya Kagwa Cl, Kololo, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Arnold Tigaiza
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Kampala, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Doreen Nakalembe
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Kampala, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Jimmy Osuret
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Kampala, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda.,Africa One Health University Network, Plot 20B Kawalya Kagwa Cl, Kololo, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Solomon Tsebeni Wafula
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Kampala, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Esther Buregyeya
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Kampala, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Fatima Tsiouris
- Columbia University, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - John David Kabasa
- Africa One Health University Network, Plot 20B Kawalya Kagwa Cl, Kololo, Kampala, Uganda.,Makerere University College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Kampala, Uganda
| | - William Bazeyo
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Kampala, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda.,Africa One Health University Network, Plot 20B Kawalya Kagwa Cl, Kololo, Kampala, Uganda
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11
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Hoque MN, Faisal GM, Chowdhury FR, Haque A, Islam T. The urgency of wider adoption of one health approach for the prevention of a future pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ONE HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.14202/ijoh.2022.20-33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurring outbreaks of emerging and re-emerging zoonoses serve as a reminder that the health of humans, animals, and the environment are interconnected. Therefore, multisectoral, transdisciplinary, and collaborative approaches are required at local, regional, and global levels to tackle the ever-increasing zoonotic threat. The ongoing pandemic of COVID-19 zoonosis has been posing tremendous threats to global human health and economies. The devastation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic teaches us to adopt a "One Health Approach (OHA)" to tackle a possible future pandemic through a concerted effort of the global scientific community, human health professionals, public health experts, veterinarians and policymakers through open science and open data sharing practices. The OHA is an integrated, holistic, collaborative, multisectoral, and transdisciplinary approach to tackle potential pandemic zoonotic diseases. It includes expanding scientific inquiry into zoonotic infections; monitoring, and regulating traditional food markets, transforming existing food systems, and incentivizing animal husbandry and legal wildlife trade to adopt effective zoonotic control measures. To adopt an OHA globally, research and academic institutions, governments and non-government sectors at the local, regional, and international levels must work together. This review aimed to provide an overview of the major pandemics in human history including the COVID-19, anthropogenic drivers of zoonoses, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) reverse zoonoses, the concept of OHA and how an OHA could be utilized to prevent future pandemic threats to the human-animal-ecosystem interfaces. In addition, this review article discusses the strategic framework of OHA and possible challenges to implement OHA in practice to prevent any future pandemics. The practices of open data sharing, open science, and international collaboration should be included in the OHA to prevent and/or rapidly tackle any health emergencies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Nazmul Hoque
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Reproductive Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Golam Mahbub Faisal
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Farhan Rahman Chowdhury
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Amlan Haque
- School of Business and Law, CQUniversity, Sydney Campus, Australia
| | - Tofazzal Islam
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
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12
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Prendergast DM, O'Doherty Á, Burgess CM, Howe N, McMahon F, Murphy D, Leonard F, Morris D, Harrington C, Carty A, Moriarty J, Gutierrez M. Critically important antimicrobial resistant Enterobacteriaceae in Irish farm effluent and their removal in integrated constructed wetlands. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:151269. [PMID: 34710415 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the ability of Integrated Constructed Wetlands (ICWs) to remove critically important antimicrobial resistant organisms (AROs) from farm wastewater. Influent samples from the untreated farm waste and effluent samples taken at the end of the ICW system were collected monthly from four ICWs, serving four different farm types (suckler, dairy, dairy & poultry and pig). Using selective media to screen for the presence of carbapenemase resistant organisms, plasmid mediated and AmpC β-Lactamase producing organisms (ESBL/pAmpC) and fluoroquinolone resistant organisms, a total of 82 AROs were obtained with the majority being E. coli (n = 79). Statistically significant were the differences on the number of AROs isolated from influent (higher) compared to effluent, as well as a seasonal effect, with less AROs recovered during winter in comparison to other seasons (P < 0.05). On the other hand, there was no significant differences in the recovery of AROs on different farms. The majority of isolates from each of the farms (99%) were multi drug resistant, with 65% resistant to seven or more antimicrobials. A high incidence of tetracycline, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and ampicillin resistance was common to the isolates from all four farms but there were differences in ESBL levels with 63% of the isolates recovered from Farm 4 (piggery) being ESBLs compared to 18%, 36% and 4.5% recovered from Farms 1 (suckler), 2 (dairy) and 3 (dairy & poultry), respectively. No carbapenemase producing organisms were isolated. Our results showed that ICWs are effective in removing critically important AROs from farm wastewater on all four farm types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deirdre M Prendergast
- Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Backweston Complex, Celbridge, Co. Kildare, Ireland.
| | - Áine O'Doherty
- Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Backweston Complex, Celbridge, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | | | - Nicole Howe
- Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Backweston Complex, Celbridge, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Frederick McMahon
- Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Backweston Complex, Celbridge, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Declan Murphy
- Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Backweston Complex, Celbridge, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Finola Leonard
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Science Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Dearbháile Morris
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Ecology Group, NUI Galway, Ireland
| | | | - Aila Carty
- VESI Environmental Ltd., Little Island, Cork, Ireland
| | - John Moriarty
- Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Backweston Complex, Celbridge, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Montserrat Gutierrez
- Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Backweston Complex, Celbridge, Co. Kildare, Ireland
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13
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Igihozo G, Henley P, Ruckert A, Karangwa C, Habimana R, Manishimwe R, Ishema L, Carabin H, Wiktorowicz ME, Labonté R. An environmental scan of one health preparedness and response: the case of the Covid-19 pandemic in Rwanda. ONE HEALTH OUTLOOK 2022; 4:2. [PMID: 35033197 PMCID: PMC8761094 DOI: 10.1186/s42522-021-00059-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the past decade, 70% of new and re-emerging infectious disease outbreaks in East Africa have originated from the Congo Basin where Rwanda is located. To respond to these increasing risks of disastrous outbreaks, the government began integrating One Health (OH) into its infectious disease response systems in 2011 to strengthen its preparedness and contain outbreaks. The strong performance of Rwanda in responding to the on-going COVID-19 pandemic makes it an excellent example to understand how the structure and principles of OH were applied during this unprecedented situation. METHODS A rapid environmental scan of published and grey literature was conducted between August and December 2020, to assess Rwanda's OH structure and its response to the COVID-19 pandemic. In total, 132 documents including official government documents, published research, newspaper articles, and policies were analysed using thematic analysis. RESULTS Rwanda's OH structure consists of multidisciplinary teams from sectors responsible for human, animal, and environmental health. The country has developed OH strategic plans and policies outlining its response to zoonotic infections, integrated OH into university curricula to develop a OH workforce, developed multidisciplinary rapid response teams, and created decentralized laboratories in the animal and human health sectors to strengthen surveillance. To address COVID-19, the country created a preparedness and response plan before its onset, and a multisectoral joint task force was set up to coordinate the response to the pandemic. By leveraging its OH structure, Rwanda was able to rapidly implement a OH-informed response to COVID-19. CONCLUSION Rwanda's integration of OH into its response systems to infectious diseases and to COVID-19 demonstrates the importance of applying OH principles into the governance of infectious diseases at all levels. Rwanda exemplifies how preparedness and response to outbreaks and pandemics can be strengthened through multisectoral collaboration mechanisms. We do expect limitations in our findings due to the rapid nature of our environmental scan meant to inform the COVID-19 policy response and would encourage a full situational analysis of OH in Rwanda's Coronavirus response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Igihozo
- Center for One Health, University of Global Health Equity, Kigali, Rwanda.
- Global 1 Health Network, Ottawa, Canada.
| | - Phaedra Henley
- Center for One Health, University of Global Health Equity, Kigali, Rwanda
- Global 1 Health Network, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Arne Ruckert
- Global 1 Health Network, Ottawa, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Leandre Ishema
- Center for One Health, University of Global Health Equity, Kigali, Rwanda
- Global 1 Health Network, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Hélène Carabin
- Global 1 Health Network, Ottawa, Canada
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint Hyacinthe, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Santé Publique (CReSP), Montreal, Canada
- Groupe de Recherche en Épidémiologie des Zoonoses et Santé Publique (GREZOSP), Saint-Hyacinthe, Canada
| | - Mary E Wiktorowicz
- Global 1 Health Network, Ottawa, Canada
- School of Health Policy and Management, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ronald Labonté
- Global 1 Health Network, Ottawa, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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14
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Marchant F, Sánchez MP, Duprat XG, Mena A, Sjöberg-Herrera M, Cabal S, Figueroa DP. Needs for a Curricular Change in Primary and Secondary Education From the One Health Perspective: A Pilot Study on Pneumonia in Schools. Front Public Health 2021; 9:654410. [PMID: 34869133 PMCID: PMC8634956 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.654410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This is the first pilot study on alternative conceptions and obstacles pertaining to pneumonia in adolescents of different school vulnerability indexes. Countries with low socioeconomic levels are disproportionately affected, with Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) being the second-most affected area in the world, after sub-Saharan Africa. In spite of this fact, pneumonia is not included as an important component within the contents of the microbiology curriculum unit in the natural science school program. Therefore, we wanted to study how students knew about this topic by putting One Health into action by building and validating qualitative and quantitative questionnaires, put together by different experts in pedagogy, didactics, microbiology, and veterinary to find out what students knew about pneumonia and their misconceptions about it. A total of 148 students (in 8th and 9th grade) participated in this survey. The results reveal that no statistically significant differences between the different scholar grades (p = 0.3360 Pearson chi∧2) or genders (p = 0.8000 Fisher's exact test) presented higher or lower School Vulnerability Index (SVI). Regardless of the social stratum or the level of vulnerability of the students, they have heard about this disease primarily through their family/relatives, maintaining a superficial notion of the disease, learning wrong ideas about microorganisms and treatments that can contribute to the risk to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Marchant
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Center for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (CeBiB), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Pilar Sánchez
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ximena G Duprat
- One Health One World Laboratory, Applied Research Center of Chile (CIACHI), Science and Education Foundation, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandro Mena
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Mesoamericana, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Marcela Sjöberg-Herrera
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Soledad Cabal
- San José of the Precious Blood High School, Quinta Normal, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela P Figueroa
- Ecophysiological Modelling Laboratory, Liberal Arts Faculty, Adolfo Ibáñez University, Santiago, Chile.,Eco-models & Climate Change Laboratory, Applied Research Center of Chile (CIACHI) Science and Education Foundation, Santiago, Chile
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15
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Nwafor CD, Ilori E, Olayinka A, Ochu C, Olorundare R, Edeh E, Okwor T, Oyebanji O, Namukose E, Ukponu W, Olugbile M, Adekanye U, Chandra N, Bolt H, Namara G, Ipadeola O, Furuse Y, Woldetsadik S, Akano A, Iniobong A, Amedu M, Anueyiagu C, Bakare L, Ahumibe A, Joseph G, Eneh C, Saleh M, Dhamari N, Okoli I, Kachalla M, Okea R, Okenyi C, Makava F, Makwe C, Ugbogulu N, Fonkeng F, Aniaku E, Agogo E, Mba N, Aruna O, Nguku P, Ihekweazu C. The One Health approach to incident management of the 2019 Lassa fever outbreak response in Nigeria. One Health 2021; 13:100346. [PMID: 34820499 PMCID: PMC8600060 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2021.100346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, effective emergency response to disease outbreaks is usually affected by weak coordination. However, coordination using an incident management system (IMS) in line with a One Health approach involving human, environment, and animal health with collaborations between government and non-governmental agencies result in improved response outcome for zoonotic diseases such as Lassa fever (LF). We provide an overview of the 2019 LF outbreak response in Nigeria using the IMS and One Health approach. The response was coordinated via ten Emergency Operation Centre (EOC) response pillars. Cardinal response activities included activation of EOC, development of an incident action plan, deployment of One Health rapid response teams to support affected states, mid-outbreak review and after-action review meetings. Between 1st January and 29th December 2019, of the 5057 people tested for LF, 833 were confirmed positive from 23 States, across 86 Local Government Areas. Of the 833 confirmed cases, 650 (78%) were from hotspot States of Edo (36%), Ondo (26%) and Ebonyi (16%). Those in the age-group 21–40 years (47%) were mostly affected, with a male to female ratio of 1:1. Twenty healthcare workers were affected. Two LF naïve states Kebbi and Zamfara, reported confirmed cases for the first time during this period. The outbreak peaked earlier in the year compared to previous years, and the emergency phase of the outbreak was declared over by epidemiological week 17 based on low national threshold composite indicators over a period of six consecutive weeks. Multisectoral and multidisciplinary strategic One Health EOC coordination at all levels facilitated the swift containment of Nigeria's large LF outbreak in 2019. It is therefore imperative to embrace One Health approach embedded within the EOC to holistically address the increasing LF incidence in Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elsie Ilori
- Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria
| | | | - Chinwe Ochu
- Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria
| | | | - Edwin Edeh
- World Health Organisation, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Tochi Okwor
- Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria.,World Health Organisation, Abuja, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | | | - Usman Adekanye
- Nigeria Ministry of Defense, Health Implementation Program, Nigeria
| | | | - Hikaru Bolt
- UK Public Health Rapid Support Team, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lawal Bakare
- Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria.,World Health Organisation, Abuja, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Chibuzo Eneh
- Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Ihekerenma Okoli
- Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Mairo Kachalla
- Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Rita Okea
- Federal Ministry of Environment, Abuja, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nwando Mba
- Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Olusola Aruna
- Public Health England, International Health Regulations (IHR) Strengthening Project, Abuja, Nigeria
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Garcia AC, Beja A, Cupertino de Barros FP, Delgado AP, Ferrinho P. The Covid-19 pandemic reinforces the need for sustainable health planning. Int J Health Plann Manage 2021; 37:643-649. [PMID: 34825408 PMCID: PMC9015575 DOI: 10.1002/hpm.3389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development highlighted the growing attention to the adequacy of health planning models to sustainable development. A re-reading of the results of a round table debate on "sustainable planning", which took place at the 5th National Congress of Tropical Medicine (Portugal, 2019) under a participant observation strategy, framed by the findings of a "synthesis of better evidence" literature review and cross-referenced with the reflections of different authors and experts about the momentum created by the COVID-19 pandemic, underlined the challenges to sustainable health planning that have emerged and are projected beyond the current pandemic context. Variable perceptions of the term "sustainable health development", leading to the potential loss of their relevance in guiding the elaboration of policies and strategic plans, and the potential higher effectiveness of the participatory approaches of health planning in achieving sustainable health were highlighted in the debate and literature, in general and in public health emergency contexts. Those results gained new relevance during the current COVID-19 pandemic, bringing back to the forefront a reflection of the inadequate planning framework that has usually been used to understand and respond to global health challenges, despite the already existing experience, evidence and support instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina Garcia
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, NOVA University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.,Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Health Doctor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - André Beja
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, NOVA University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - António Pedro Delgado
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, NOVA University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.,University of Cape Verde, Praia, Cape Verde
| | - Paulo Ferrinho
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, NOVA University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
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Cediel Becerra NM, Olaya Medellin AM, Tomassone L, Chiesa F, De Meneghi D. A Survey on One Health Approach in Colombia and Some Latin American Countries: From a Fragmented Health Organization to an Integrated Health Response to Global Challenges. Front Public Health 2021; 9:649240. [PMID: 34760857 PMCID: PMC8573084 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.649240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The “One Health” (OH) approach has been recognized by world health authorities such as FAO/OIE/WHO, advocating for effective, multi-sectoral, and transdisciplinary collaboration. However, there is a lack of published evidence of the awareness of the OH concept in Colombia and other countries in the Latin American Region. In order to explore existing collaboration amongst the animal health, human-public health, environmental health sectors, and to describe the perception, knowledge, and barriers on OH in Colombia and other countries of Latin America, an online questionnaire-based survey was distributed among key professionals representing the three OH pillars (August 2018–August 2020). Overall, 76 key respondents from 13 countries (Colombia, México, Chile, Brazil, Argentina, Bolivia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Perú, Guatemala, Nicaragua Uruguay, and Venezuela) completed the questionnaire. Respondents worked in institutions of animal (59%), public (20%), human (7%), and environmental health (7%); they mainly belonged to higher academic institutions (59%), followed by ministries (11%), and research organizations (9%). Most participants (92%) were familiar with the OH term and 68% were aware of the formal cooperation among sectors in their countries, mostly on zoonoses; in 46% of the cases, such connections were established in the last 5 years. The main reported limiting factors to intersectorality were the lack of commitment of policy-makers, resources, and budget for OH (38%) and the “siloed approach” of sectors and disciplines (34%). Respondents ranked a median score of 3.0 (1–5 scoring) in how good OH activities are implemented in their countries, and a median score of 2.0 in the citizen awareness on OH as regards their countries. The most important OH issues were identified in vector-borne diseases, rabies, wrong and/or improper use of antimicrobials, emerging viral diseases, food-borne diseases, neglected parasitic diseases, deforestation, and ecosystem fragmentation. Although there is a high-perceived importance on conjoint cooperation, OH implementation, and operationalization remain weak, and the environmental component is not well-integrated. We consider that integration and implementation of the OH Approach can support countries to improve their health policies and health governance as well as to advocate the social, economic, and environmental sustainability of the Region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Margarita Cediel Becerra
- Epidemiology and Public Health Research Group, Veterinary Medicine Program, School of Agricultural Sciences, Universidad de La Salle, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Ana María Olaya Medellin
- Veterinary Medicine Program, School of Agricultural Sciences, Universidad de La Salle, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Laura Tomassone
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco-Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Chiesa
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco-Turin, Italy
| | - Daniele De Meneghi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco-Turin, Italy
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18
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Butala C, Fyfe J, Welburn SC. The Contribution of Community Health Education to Sustainable Control of the Neglected Zoonotic Diseases. Front Public Health 2021; 9:729973. [PMID: 34738003 PMCID: PMC8562424 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.729973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective and sustainable control of the Neglected Zoonoses (NZDs) demands a One Health approach. NZDs largely impact on individuals in low- and middle-income countries, disproportionally affecting resource poor communities with poor access to veterinary and human health services and to clean water and which are intrinsically dependent on animals for their livelihoods. Many NZDs in humans can be treated, but treatment is often complex and expensive. Similarly, while tools for prevention of transmission may exist, they are complex and expensive to adopt at the scale required to be effective. The cost of intervention for NZDs is high when compared to the public health benefits alone, but costs are easily outweighed by full cross sector analysis and when monetary and non-monetary benefits to all stakeholders are considered. Education is a key tool, often overlooked in favor of more complex solutions for the control of NZDs. Successful education programs have been targeted to children of school age for Taenia solium in Kenya, schistosomiasis in Nigeria, and soil transmitted helminths in China. A Snakes and Ladders board game, designed to teach children about schistosomiasis and encourage compliance with mass deworming programs, deployed in Nigerian schools, showed a 67% increase in knowledge of praziquantel and 65% of children who had previously rejected treatment requested the drug at school. For soil transmitted helminths in China, presentation of health information in cartoon format rather than in poster format, showed post-assessment knowledge to be 90% higher. With the rise in affordable smart-phone technology, internet access and airtime in communities in low- and middle- income countries e-education is an increasingly attractive proposition as an intervention tool for the NZDs. The Vicious Worm, a computer based educational health tool that has been designed around the prevention of Taenia Solium has shown remarkable efficacy in affected communities in which it has been deployed with participants applying the principles learned in their communities. This review explores the successes and benefits of education as a control tool for the NZDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Butala
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University, Haining, China.,Infection Medicine, Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School, College of Medicine & Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Jenna Fyfe
- Infection Medicine, Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School, College of Medicine & Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Christina Welburn
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University, Haining, China.,Infection Medicine, Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School, College of Medicine & Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
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19
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Gill T, Nisengwe R, Goertz H, Ader D, McGehee K, Nshuti R, Gumisiriza A, Smith M, Urban E. Strengthening smallholder engagement and integration in the Rwandan commercial broiler value chain. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2021.1975523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tom Gill
- Smith International Center, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Regis Nisengwe
- Smith International Center, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Hans Goertz
- Smith International Center, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - David Ader
- Smith International Center, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | | | | | | | - Mike Smith
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Emily Urban
- Soil and Crop Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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20
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Abuzerr S, Zinszer K, Assan A. Implementation challenges of an integrated One Health surveillance system in humanitarian settings: A qualitative study in Palestine. SAGE Open Med 2021; 9:20503121211043038. [PMID: 34504706 PMCID: PMC8422815 DOI: 10.1177/20503121211043038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Several factors have changed interactions between people, animals, plants, and the environment - renewing the relevance of the One Health surveillance system in the fight against zoonotic diseases such as COVID-19. Therefore, this study aimed to explore barriers to implementing an integrated One Health surveillance system in Palestine. Methods This qualitative study was conducted from April 2020 until August 2020. Data were collected using semi-structured interview guides. Seven key stakeholders were interviewed during data collection. A thematic analysis was performed. Results Four overarching themes emerged explaining barriers to integrated implementation of the One Health surveillance system. They are lack of policy coherence, limited financial resources, poor governance and leadership, and lack of One Health training programmes. Conclusion Improved understanding of the transmission and effective control (including One Health approach) of zoonotic disease and better governance and leadership are critical in the diseases that threaten public health, such as the COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samer Abuzerr
- Visiting Scholar with the School of Public Health, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Quality Improvement and Infection Control Unit, Ministry of Health, Gaza, Palestine
| | - Kate Zinszer
- School of Public Health, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Abraham Assan
- Global Policy and Advocacy Network (GLOOPLAN), Accra, Ghana
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21
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Wu K, Yu Y, Chen C, Fu Z. Is One Health a Viable Strategy in Animal Health Litigation: Evidence from Civil Lawsuits in China. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11092560. [PMID: 34573525 PMCID: PMC8468116 DOI: 10.3390/ani11092560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Strategic litigation launched to protect animal welfare worldwide branches out with several tactical themes: environmental protection, child abuse, veterinarian malpractice, product liability and quasi-family member. Currently, the litigation strategy themed in One Health has been observed in legal practice in Chinese mainland. Using 1520 zoonosis related civil lawsuit judgments, this study aimed to assess the effectiveness of this litigation strategy in animal health cases from Chinese mainland. It has been confirmed that using the litigation strategy themed in One Health results in more successful outcomes and larger damage awards, so there might be a practical value in using this strategy in animal welfare lawsuits. Abstract Several litigation strategies are used to gain support from courts in order to protect animals. While the emerging litigation strategy themed in One Health stimulates judicial protection in the animal health sector, little is known about whether and how such strategies are supported by courts. In this article, we investigate how animal welfare litigation strategies influence judge’s choices within their discretion. We argue that litigators equipped with the litigation strategy themed in One Health are placed in an advantageous position in animal health cases, but that this tendency varies markedly across zoonoses. Specifically, we suggest that litigators utilizing One Health’s litigation strategy are associated with higher probabilities to win, whereas normal litigators are not. Further, we propose that litigators equipped with the One Health litigation strategy are awarded more damages from judges. We test and find support for our predictions using a cross sectional dataset of civil lawsuit cases centering on the animal health industry in Chinese mainland. Our findings indicate that courts indeed were persuaded by the One Health litigation strategy, even when bound by the discretion rules. At the same time, we suggest that for advocates who would like to litigate for animal welfare in the animal health sector, the litigation strategy themed in One Health might have potentially positive implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wu
- School of Law, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China;
| | - Ying Yu
- School of Public Administration, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China;
| | - Zheming Fu
- School of Law, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
- Maurer School of Law, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN 47405-7000, USA
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22
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Ayobami O, Mark G, Kadri-Alabi Z, Achi CR, Jacob JC. COVID-19: an opportunity to re-evaluate the implementation of a One Health approach to tackling emerging infections in Nigeria and other sub-Saharan African countries. J Egypt Public Health Assoc 2021; 96:26. [PMID: 34430054 PMCID: PMC8378104 DOI: 10.1186/s42506-021-00085-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background One Health (OH) has resurfaced in the light of the ravaging COVID-19 pandemic. It has been accepted by many local and global health authorities as a suitable approach for preventing and responding to infectious disease outbreaks including pandemics. Main body One Health (OH) is a multisectoral and interdisciplinary framework for managing the animal, human, and ecosystem determinants of health. Globally, the majority of emerging infections in humans including SARS-Cov2—the causative agent of COVID-19—are transmitted from animals through environmental contacts in the last few decades. Yet, even when the biological and social interactions at the human, animal, and environmental interface that drive spillover of zoonotic diseases have been proven, OH strategies to address associated complex health challenges today are still rudimentary in many national health systems. Despite the disproportionate burden of infectious diseases in sub-Saharan Africa, OH is minimally incorporated into routine disease control and national health security programs. Challenges include poor policy support for OH in sub-Saharan Africa, and where some form of policy framework does exist, there are significant implementation bottlenecks. In this paper, we identified ideological, technical, operational, and economic barriers to OH implementation in Nigeria and sub-Saharan Africa, and highlighted possible recommendations across these domains. In order to yield sustainable benefits, a relevant OH policy approach in the sub-Saharan African health systems must derive from a buy-in of the critical mass of stakeholders in the society. Conclusion The implementation of sustainable OH approaches as a countermeasure to recurring emerging infections is a developmental priority for sub-Saharan African countries. A deep understanding of the local context must be leveraged to develop integrative OH solutions that are bold, rooted in science, and proven to be compatible with the level of development in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaniyi Ayobami
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Godwin Mark
- Department of One Health, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.,Department of Internal Medicine, Federal Teaching Hospital Gombe, Gombe, Nigeria
| | | | - Chioma Rita Achi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Joy Chinwendu Jacob
- Department of Vaccinology Education, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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23
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Asaaga FA, Young JC, Oommen MA, Chandarana R, August J, Joshi J, Chanda MM, Vanak AT, Srinivas PN, Hoti SL, Seshadri T, Purse BV. Operationalising the "One Health" approach in India: facilitators of and barriers to effective cross-sector convergence for zoonoses prevention and control. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1517. [PMID: 34362321 PMCID: PMC8342985 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11545-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a strong policy impetus for the One Health cross-sectoral approach to address the complex challenge of zoonotic diseases, particularly in low/lower middle income countries (LMICs). Yet the implementation of this approach in LMIC contexts such as India has proven challenging, due partly to the relatively limited practical guidance and understanding on how to foster and sustain cross-sector collaborations. This study addresses this gap by exploring the facilitators of and barriers to successful convergence between the human, animal and environmental health sectors in India. METHODS A mixed methods study was conducted using a detailed content review of national policy documents and in-depth semi-structured interview data on zoonotic disease management in India. In total, 29 policy documents were reviewed and 15 key informant interviews were undertaken with national and state level policymakers, disease managers and experts operating within the human-animal-environment interface of zoonotic disease control. RESULTS Our findings suggest that there is limited policy visibility of zoonotic diseases, although global zoonoses, especially those identified to be of pandemic potential by international organisations (e.g. CDC, WHO and OIE) rather than local, high burden endemic diseases, have high recognition in the existing policy agenda setting. Despite the widespread acknowledgement of the importance of cross-sectoral collaboration, a myriad of factors operated to either constrain or facilitate the success of cross-sectoral convergence at different stages (i.e. information-sharing, undertaking common activities and merging resources and infrastructure) of cross-sectoral action. Importantly, participants identified the lack of supportive policies, conflicting departmental priorities and limited institutional capacities as major barriers that hamper effective cross-sectoral collaboration on zoonotic disease control. Building on existing informal inter-personal relationships and collaboration platforms were suggested by participants as the way forward. CONCLUSION Our findings point to the importance of strengthening existing national policy frameworks as a first step for leveraging cross-sectoral capacity for improved disease surveillance and interventions. This requires the contextual adaptation of the One Health approach in a manner that is sensitive to the underlying socio-political, institutional and cultural context that determines and shapes outcomes of cross-sector collaborative arrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Asaaga
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford, OX10 8BB, UK.
| | - J C Young
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Edinburgh, EH26 0QB, UK
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - M A Oommen
- Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, Bengaluru, 560 054, India
| | - R Chandarana
- Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, Bengaluru, 560 054, India
| | - J August
- Oxford Brookes University, Headington Campus, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK
| | - J Joshi
- Centre for Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy, B-25, Lajpat Nagar-2, New Delhi, India
| | - M M Chanda
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Ramagondanahalli, Yelahanka New Town, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560064, India
| | - A T Vanak
- Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, Bengaluru, 560 054, India
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 3209, South Africa
- DBT-Wellcome Trust India Alliance, Hyderabad, 500034, India
| | - P N Srinivas
- Institute of Public Health, Banashankari 2nd Stage, Bangalore, 560 070, India
| | - S L Hoti
- ICMR-National Institute for Traditional Medicine, Belgavi, Karnataka, 590010, India
| | - T Seshadri
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - B V Purse
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford, OX10 8BB, UK
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24
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Bhattacharya D, Kshatri JS, Choudhary HR, Parai D, Shandilya J, Mansingh A, Pattnaik M, Mishra K, Padhi SP, Padhi A, Pati S. One Health approach for elimination of human anthrax in a tribal district of Odisha: Study protocol. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251041. [PMID: 34043627 PMCID: PMC8158997 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anthrax is a major but neglected zoonotic disease of public health concern in India with Odisha contributing a major share to the disease burden. Bacillus anthracis spores can be found naturally in soil and commonly affect both animals and humans around the world. Domestic and wild animals such as cattle, sheep, goats, and deer can become infected when they inhale or ingest spores from contaminated soil, plants, or water. Anthrax can be fatal if patients are not treated promptly with antibiotics. This protocol aims to describe the implementation and evaluation of the 'One Health' intervention model based on the principles of Theory of Change (ToC) to eliminate human anthrax from a tribal district in Odisha, India. METHODS This study would test the effectiveness of a complex public health intervention package developed using the ToC framework for the elimination of human anthrax in Koraput district by a comparative analysis of baseline and end-line data. We plan to enroll 2640 adults across 14 geographically divided blocks in Koraput district of Odisha for baseline and end-line surveys. After baseline, we would provide capacity building training to stakeholders from the department of health, veterinary, forest, academic and allied health institutions followed by workshops on sensitization and awareness through IEC (Information Education Communication)/BCC (Behavior Change Communication) activities in the community. We would establish a state-level laboratory facility as a robust system for timely diagnosis and management of human anthrax cases. Surveillance network will be strengthened to track the cases in early stage and risk zoning will be done for focused surveillance in endemic areas. Advocacy with district level administration will be done for maximizing the coverage of livestock vaccination in the entire district. Interdepartmental coordination would be established for the effective implementation of the intervention package. CONCLUSION This would be a first study applying One Health concept for the elimination of human anthrax in India. The findings from this study will offer important insights for policy-making and further replication in other endemic regions of the state and country. TRIAL REGISTRATION The authors confirm that all ongoing and related trials for this intervention are prospectively registered with the Clinical Trials Registry of India [CTRI/2020/05/025325] on 22 May 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debdutta Bhattacharya
- ICMR – Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
- * E-mail: (SP); (DB)
| | | | | | - Debaprasad Parai
- ICMR – Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Jyoti Shandilya
- ICMR – Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Asit Mansingh
- ICMR – Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | | | - Kaushik Mishra
- Saheed Laxman Nayak Medical College & Hospital, Koraput, Odisha, India
| | | | - Arun Padhi
- Department of Public Health, Koraput, Odisha, India
| | - Sanghamitra Pati
- ICMR – Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
- * E-mail: (SP); (DB)
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25
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Pepi M, Focardi S. Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria in Aquaculture and Climate Change: A Challenge for Health in the Mediterranean Area. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:5723. [PMID: 34073520 PMCID: PMC8198758 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Aquaculture is the productive activity that will play a crucial role in the challenges of the millennium, such as the need for proteins that support humans and the respect for the environment. Aquaculture is an important economic activity in the Mediterranean basin. A great impact is presented, however, by aquaculture practices as they involve the use of antibiotics for treatment and prophylaxis. As a consequence of the use of antibiotics in aquaculture, antibiotic resistance is induced in the surrounding bacteria in the column water, sediment, and fish-associated bacterial strains. Through horizontal gene transfer, bacteria can diffuse antibiotic-resistance genes and mobile resistance genes further spreading genetic determinants. Once triggered, antibiotic resistance easily spreads among aquatic microbial communities and, from there, can reach human pathogenic bacteria, making vain the use of antibiotics for human health. Climate change claims a significant role in this context, as rising temperatures can affect cell physiology in bacteria in the same way as antibiotics, causing antibiotic resistance to begin with. The Mediterranean Sea represents a 'hot spot' in terms of climate change and aspects of antibiotic resistance in aquaculture in this area can be significantly amplified, thus increasing threats to human health. Practices must be adopted to counteract negative impacts on human health, with a reduction in the use of antibiotics as a pivotal point. In the meantime, it is necessary to act against climate change by reducing anthropogenic impacts, for example by reducing CO2 emissions into the atmosphere. The One Health type approach, which involves the intervention of different skills, such as veterinary, ecology, and medicine in compliance with the principles of sustainability, is necessary and strongly recommended to face these important challenges for human and animal health, and for environmental safety in the Mediterranean area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milva Pepi
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Fano Marine Centre, Viale Adriatico 1-N, 61032 Fano, Italy;
| | - Silvano Focardi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Università di Siena, Via Mattioli, 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
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26
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One Health approaches require community engagement, education, and international collaborations-a lesson from Rwanda. Nat Med 2021; 27:947-948. [PMID: 34017132 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-021-01350-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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27
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Dasgupta R, Tomley F, Alders R, Barbuddhe SB, Kotwani A. Adopting an intersectoral One Health approach in India: Time for One Health Committees. Indian J Med Res 2021; 153:281-286. [PMID: 33906990 PMCID: PMC8204840 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_537_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Following the several episodes of zoonotic disease outbreaks and the more recent COVID-19 pandemic, the Indian policy initiatives are committed to institutionalize One Health (OH) approaches and promote intersectoral, transdisciplinary collaboration and cooperation. The OH principle needs to be visualized beyond the scope of zoonoses. While conservation, ecological and veterinary professions are getting increasingly engaged with OH, most of the medical/clinical and social sciences professions are only peripherally aware of its nuances. The OH initiatives, by their essentially multidisciplinary nature, entail working across ministries and navigating tacit institutional hierarchies and allocating leadership roles. The logical operational step will be the constitution of One Health Committees (OHC) at the State and district levels. Here, we outline the key foundational principles of OHC and hope that the framework for implementation shall be deliberated through wider consultations and piloted and adopted in a phased manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajib Dasgupta
- Centre of Social Medicine & Community Health, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Fiona Tomley
- Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robyn Alders
- Centre for Universal Health, Chatham House, London, United Kingdom; Development Policy Centre, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | | | - Anita Kotwani
- Department of Pharmacology, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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Belay S, Giday M, Manyazewal T. Harnessing Clinical Trial Capacity to Mitigate Zoonotic Diseases: The Role of Expert Scientists in Ethiopia. Front Public Health 2021; 9:621433. [PMID: 33869126 PMCID: PMC8047130 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.621433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The emergence and resurgence of zoonotic diseases have continued to be a major threat to global health and the economy. Developing countries are particularly vulnerable due to agricultural expansions and domestication of animals with humans. Scientifically sound clinical trials are important to find better ways to prevent, diagnose, and treat zoonotic diseases, while there is a lack of evidence to inform the clinical trials' capacity and practice in countries highly affected with the diseases. This study aimed to investigate expert scientists' perceptions and experiences in conducting clinical trials toward zoonotic diseases in Ethiopia. Methods: This study employed a descriptive, qualitative study design. It included major academic and research institutions in Ethiopia that had active engagements in veterinary and public health researches. It included the National Veterinary Institute, the National Animal Health Diagnostic and Investigation Center, the College of Veterinary Medicine at Addis Ababa University, the Ethiopian Public Health Institute, the Armauer Hansen Research Institute, and the College of Health Sciences at Addis Ababa University. In-depth interviews were conducted with expert scientists. Data were collected from October 2019 to April 2020. Data analysis was undertaken using open code 4.03 for qualitative data analysis. Results: Five major themes, with 18 sub-themes, emerged from the in-depth interviews. These were: challenges in the prevention, control, and treatment of zoonotic diseases; One Health approach to mitigate zoonotic diseases; personal and institutional experiences in conducting clinical trials on zoonotic diseases; barriers in conducting clinical trials toward zoonotic diseases; and strategies that promote conducting clinical trials on zoonotic diseases. Conducting clinical trials on zoonotic diseases in Ethiopia is hampered by a lack of clearly articulated ethics and regulatory frameworks, trial experts, financial resources, and good governance. Conclusion: In Ethiopia, conducting clinical trials on zoonotic diseases deserves due attention. Strengthening institutional and human resources capacity is a pre-condition to harness effective implementation of clinical trials on zoonotic diseases in the country. In Ethiopia where skilled human resource is scarce, One Health approach has the potential to form multidisciplinary teams to systematically improve clinical trials capacity and outcomes in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senait Belay
- Center for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT-Africa), College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Mirutse Giday
- Center for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT-Africa), College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.,Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tsegahun Manyazewal
- Center for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT-Africa), College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Applying a One Health Approach in Global Health and Medicine: Enhancing Involvement of Medical Schools and Global Health Centers. Ann Glob Health 2021; 87:30. [PMID: 33816135 PMCID: PMC7996453 DOI: 10.5334/aogh.2647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Multidisciplinary and multisectoral approaches such as One Health and related concepts (e.g., Planetary Health, EcoHealth) offer opportunities for synergistic expertise to address complex health threats. The connections between humans, animals, and the environment necessitate collaboration among sectors to comprehensively understand and reduce risks and consequences on health and wellbeing. One Health approaches are increasingly emphasized for national and international plans and strategies related to zoonotic diseases, food safety, antimicrobial resistance, and climate change, but to date, the possible applications in clinical practice and benefits impacting human health are largely missing. Methods: In 2018 the “Application of the One Health Approach to Global Health Centers” conference held at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine convened experts involved in One Health policy and practice. The conference examined issues relevant to One Health approaches, sharing examples of challenges and successes to guide application to medical school curricula and clinical practice for human health. This paper presents a synthesis of conference proceedings, framed around objectives identified from presentations and audience feedback. Findings and Recommendations: The following objectives provide opportunities for One Health involvement and benefits for medical schools and global health centers by: 1) Improving One Health resource sharing in global health and medical education; 2) Creating pathways for information flow in clinical medicine and global health practice; 3) Developing innovative partnerships for improved health sector outcomes; and 4) Informing and empowering health through public outreach. These objectives can leverage existing resources to deliver value to additional settings and stakeholders through resource efficiency, more holistic and effective service delivery, and greater ability to manage determinants of poor health status. We encourage medical and global health educators, practitioners, and students to explore entry points where One Health can add value to their work from local to global scale.
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Gilbride C, Saunders J, Sharpe H, Maze EA, Limon G, Ludi AB, Lambe T, Belij-Rammerstorfer S. The Integration of Human and Veterinary Studies for Better Understanding and Management of Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever. Front Immunol 2021; 12:629636. [PMID: 33815379 PMCID: PMC8012513 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.629636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Outbreaks that occur as a result of zoonotic spillover from an animal reservoir continue to highlight the importance of studying the disease interface between species. One Health approaches recognise the interdependence of human and animal health and the environmental interplay. Improving the understanding and prevention of zoonotic diseases may be achieved through greater consideration of these relationships, potentially leading to better health outcomes across species. In this review, special emphasis is given on the emerging and outbreak pathogen Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever virus (CCHFV) that can cause severe disease in humans. We discuss the efforts undertaken to better understand CCHF and the importance of integrating veterinary and human research for this pathogen. Furthermore, we consider the use of closely related nairoviruses to model human disease caused by CCHFV. We discuss intervention approaches with potential application for managing CCHFV spread, and how this concept may benefit both animal and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciaran Gilbride
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jack Saunders
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Sharpe
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Teresa Lambe
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Seasonal prevalence, risk factors, and One Health intervention for prevention of intestinal parasitic infection in underprivileged communities on the Thai-Myanmar border. Int J Infect Dis 2021; 105:152-160. [PMID: 33581366 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tha Song Yang District, located on the Thai-Myanmar border, contributes to the second highest cases of amoebic dysentery due to intestinal parasitic infections (IPI). However, there were limited disease prevalence data, specific surveillance systems, and interventions available. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the epidemiological features of the IPIs and apply the One Health (OH) approach to solve IPI-related problems. METHODS Prevalence of asymptomatic infections in human and animals, yearly symptomatic cases, and associated risk factors were investigated. The OH intervention included improving the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of the community, microscopic diagnosis training, and stakeholder engagement for IPI prevention designs. RESULTS The prevalence of asymptomatic cases was much higher than that of the symptomatic cases. Infective stages of the intestinal parasites were discovered in animal stool and water samples, indicating possible transmission routes. One year after the intervention, there were significant declines in asymptomatic IPIs and symptomatic cases of amoebic dysentery. Significant improvements in KAP and awareness regarding water and manure-waste management of the community were observed. CONCLUSION We reported the successful application of the OH intervention in reducing the IPI prevalence and mitigating disease-related risks. The intervention might be applied to address other infectious diseases in the future.
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Jesus GSDE, Micheletti AC, Takahashi KM, Matayoshi T, Pott A, Yoshida NÍC. Antimicrobial potential of Pectis substriata essential oil (Asteraceae) against drug-resistant Staphylococcus strains. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2020; 92:e20200456. [PMID: 33331445 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202020200456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistant bacterial infections represent one of the major threats in worldwide health services. In this scenario, plant essential oils are considered promising antimicrobial agents. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of Pectis substriata essential oil alone and in combination with antibiotics, against clinical drug-resistant bacterial strains. The essential oil from the plant aerial parts was obtained by hydrodistillation. Antimicrobial activity was assessed against standard and clinical bacterial strains by broth microdilution method, and the synergistic effect was evaluated by checkerboard microtiter assay. The oil alone showed significant activity against clinical Staphylococcus warneri (62.5 µg.mL-1), and was moderately active on Staphylococcus aureus (standard strain) and clinical Staphylococcus intermedius (125 and 250 µg.mL-1, respectively). Synergism was achieved for the combinations of essential oil and ampicillin on S. warneri and of oil and kanamycin on S. intermedius. Additive effects were also observed. This is the first report of the chemical composition of P. substriata essential oil, and the results revealed the presence of compounds with proven antimicrobial activity. The oil proved active against resistant Gram-positive cocci, and showed synergism with antibiotics, revealing its potential use as adjuvant or in the development of new alternative treatments of drug-resistant antimicrobial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genilson S DE Jesus
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Instituto de Química, Av. Senador Filinto Müller, 1555, Jardim Ipiranga, 79074-460 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Ana C Micheletti
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Instituto de Química, Av. Senador Filinto Müller, 1555, Jardim Ipiranga, 79074-460 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Karen M Takahashi
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Faculdade de Engenharias, Arquitetura e Urbanismo e Geografia, Rua César Ramos dos Santos, 346, Universitário, Cidade Universitária, 79052-564 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Matayoshi
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Instituto de Química, Av. Senador Filinto Müller, 1555, Jardim Ipiranga, 79074-460 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Arnildo Pott
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Instituto de Biociências, Av. Costa e Silva, s/n, Universitário, Cidade Universitária, 79002-970 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - NÍdia C Yoshida
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Instituto de Química, Av. Senador Filinto Müller, 1555, Jardim Ipiranga, 79074-460 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
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Bhatia R. Need for integrated surveillance at human-animal interface for rapid detection & response to emerging coronavirus infections using One Health approach. Indian J Med Res 2020; 151:132-135. [PMID: 32202259 PMCID: PMC7357400 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_623_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Bhatia
- Former Director, Communicable Diseases, World Health Organization South-East Asia Region Office, New Delhi 110 002, India
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Walton M, Hall J, Guest D, Butubu J, Vinning G, Black K, Beardsley J. Applying one health methods to improve cocoa production in Bougainville: A case study. One Health 2020; 10:100143. [PMID: 32518813 PMCID: PMC7270190 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2020.100143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cocoa production is the major contributor to livelihoods for farming families that constitute nearly two-thirds of the population of the Autonomous Region of Bougainville, a Province in Papua New Guinea (PNG). These families, living mostly in subsistence poverty as a result of the Bougainville Civil War (1988–98), have significantly reduced cocoa production. Efforts to rebuild the industry have not been realised, due to known agricultural factors such as labour shortages, pests and diseases, poor support for farmers from trained agricultural extension officers and inefficient cocoa supply chains. But cocoa production involves factors other than agricultural ones. This article describes how we applied One Health methods to design and undertake a 6-year research project in Bougainville to improve cocoa productivity. Maximising the health and wellbeing of farming families and increasing agricultural productivity we argue, requires an in-depth understanding of the non-linear interactions between health, labour, household decision-making, yields and incomes. One Health research provides understanding and potential solutions to improving cocoa farmer livelihoods. Detailed preparation is essential for trusting transdisciplinary partnerships. Agreed communication strategies are essential. Regional Hubs and Village Resource Centres provide learning, practice and information sharing. A Cocoa-Health Framework describes best practice in healthcare and agriculture for villages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merrilyn Walton
- School of Public Health University of Sydney Australia, Australia
| | - Jessica Hall
- School of Public Health University of Sydney Australia, Australia
| | - David Guest
- Sydney Institute of Agriculture, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Australia
| | - James Butubu
- Department of Primary Industries and Marine Resources, Autonomous Region of Bougainville, Papua New Guinea
| | - Grant Vinning
- School of Public Health University of Sydney Australia, Australia
| | - Kirsten Black
- The Sydney University Central Clinical School, Australia
| | - Justin Beardsley
- Marie Bashir Institute Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Australia
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Berrian AM, Wilkes M, Gilardi K, Smith W, Conrad PA, Crook PZ, Cullor J, Nyatanyi T, Smith MH, Kazwala R, Mazet JAK. Developing a Global One Health Workforce: The "Rx One Health Summer Institute" Approach. ECOHEALTH 2020; 17:222-232. [PMID: 32685999 PMCID: PMC7471195 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-020-01481-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The One Health approach has gained support across a range of disciplines; however, training opportunities for professionals seeking to operationalize the interdisciplinary approach are limited. Academic institutions, through the development of high-quality, experiential training programs that focus on the application of professional competencies, can increase accessibility to One Health education. The Rx One Health Summer Institute, jointly led by US and East African partners, provides a model for such a program. In 2017, 21 participants representing five countries completed the Rx One Health program in East Africa. Participants worked collaboratively with communities neighboring wildlife areas to better understand issues impacting human and animal health and welfare, livelihoods, and conservation. One Health topics were explored through community engagement and role-playing exercises, field-based health surveillance activities, laboratories, and discussions with local experts. Educational assessments reflected improvements in participants' ability to apply the One Health approach to health and disease problem solving, as well as anticipate cross-sectoral challenges to its implementation. The experiential learning method, specifically the opportunity to engage with local communities, proved to be impactful on participants' cultural awareness. The Rx One Health Summer Institute training model may provide an effective and implementable strategy by which to contribute to the development of a global One Health workforce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Berrian
- One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Michael Wilkes
- One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Kirsten Gilardi
- One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Woutrina Smith
- One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Patricia A Conrad
- One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Global Programs, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Paulina Zielinska Crook
- One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Global Programs, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - James Cullor
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Thierry Nyatanyi
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martin H Smith
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Jonna A K Mazet
- One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Bhatia
- Communicable Diseases, WHO/SEARO, New Delhi 110 002, India
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37
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Kelly TR, Machalaba C, Karesh WB, Crook PZ, Gilardi K, Nziza J, Uhart MM, Robles EA, Saylors K, Joly DO, Monagin C, Mangombo PM, Kingebeni PM, Kazwala R, Wolking D, Smith W, Mazet JAK. Implementing One Health approaches to confront emerging and re-emerging zoonotic disease threats: lessons from PREDICT. ONE HEALTH OUTLOOK 2020; 2:1. [PMID: 33824944 PMCID: PMC7149069 DOI: 10.1186/s42522-019-0007-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Recurring outbreaks of emerging and re-emerging zoonoses, such as Ebola virus disease, avian influenza, and Nipah virus, serve as a reminder that the health of humans, animals, and the environment are interconnected and that early response to emerging zoonotic pathogens requires a coordinated, interdisciplinary, cross-sectoral approach. As our world becomes increasingly connected, emerging diseases pose a greater threat, requiring coordination at local, regional, and global levels. One Health is a multisectoral, transdisciplinary, and collaborative approach promoted to more effectively address these complex health threats. Despite strong advocacy for One Health, challenges for practical implementation remain. Here we discuss the value of the One Health approach for addressing global health challenges. We also share strategies applied to achieve successful outcomes through the USAID Emerging Pandemic Threats Program PREDICT project, which serve as useful case studies for implementing One Health approaches. Lastly, we explore methods for promoting more formal One Health implementation to capitalize on the added value of shared knowledge and leveraged resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terra R. Kelly
- One Health Institute, University of California, Davis, CA USA
| | | | | | | | - Kirsten Gilardi
- Gorilla Doctors, Mountain Gorilla Veterinary Project and Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center, University of California, Davis, CA USA
| | - Julius Nziza
- Gorilla Doctors, Mountain Gorilla Veterinary Project and Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center, University of California, Davis, CA USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Corina Monagin
- One Health Institute, University of California, Davis, CA USA
| | | | | | | | - David Wolking
- One Health Institute, University of California, Davis, CA USA
| | - Woutrina Smith
- One Health Institute, University of California, Davis, CA USA
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Wilkes M, Papageorgiou S, Kim TY, Baldrias L, Aguilar E, Kelly T, Tee M. One Health workers: innovations in early detection of human, animal, and plant disease outbreaks. JOURNAL OF GLOBAL HEALTH REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.29392/joghr.3.e2019093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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Talisuna A, Yahaya AA, Rajatonirina SC, Stephen M, Oke A, Mpairwe A, Diallo AB, Musa EO, Yota D, Banza FM, Wango RK, Roberts NA, Sreedharan R, Kandel N, Rashford AM, Boulanger LL, Huda Q, Chungong S, Yoti Z, Fall IS. Joint external evaluation of the International Health Regulation (2005) capacities: current status and lessons learnt in the WHO African region. BMJ Glob Health 2019; 4:e001312. [PMID: 31798983 PMCID: PMC6861072 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2018-001312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The International Health Regulations (IHR, 2005) are an essential vehicle for addressing global health security. Here, we report the IHR capacities in the WHO African from independent joint external evaluation (JEE). The JEE is a voluntary component of the IHR monitoring and evaluation framework. It evaluates IHR capacities in 19 technical areas in four broad themes: ‘Prevent’ (7 technical areas, 15 indicators); ‘Detect’ (4 technical areas, 13 indicators); ‘Respond’ (5 technical areas, 14 indicators), points of entry (PoE) and other IHR hazards (chemical and radiation) (3 technical areas, 6 indicators). The IHR capacity scores are graded from level 1 (no capacity) to level 5 (sustainable capacity). From February 2016 to March 2019, 40 of 47 WHO African region countries (81% coverage) evaluated their IHR capacities using the JEE tool. No country had the required IHR capacities. Under the theme ‘Prevent’, no country scored level 5 for 12 of 15 indicators. Over 80% of them scored level 1 or 2 for most indicators. For ‘Detect’, none scored level 5 for 12 of 13 indicators. However, many scored level 3 or 4 for several indicators. For ‘Respond’, none scored level 5 for 13 of 14 indicators, and less than 10% had a national multihazard public health emergency preparedness and response plan. For PoE and other IHR hazards, most countries scored level 1 or 2 and none scored level 5. Countries in the WHO African region are commended for embracing the JEE to assess their IHR capacities. However, major gaps have been identified. Urgent collective action is needed now to protect the WHO African region from health security threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambrose Talisuna
- WHO Health Emergency Programme, World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | - Ali Ahmed Yahaya
- WHO Health Emergency Programme, World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | | | - Mary Stephen
- WHO Health Emergency Programme, World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | - Antonio Oke
- WHO Health Emergency Programme, World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | - Allan Mpairwe
- WHO Health Emergency Programme, World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | - Amadou Bailo Diallo
- WHO Health Emergency Programme, World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | - Emmanuel Onuche Musa
- WHO Health Emergency Programme, World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | - Daniel Yota
- WHO Health Emergency Programme, World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | - Freddy Mutoka Banza
- WHO Health Emergency Programme, World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | - Roland Kimbi Wango
- WHO Health Emergency Programme, World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | | | - Rajesh Sreedharan
- WHO Health Emergency Programme, World Health Organisation, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nirmal Kandel
- WHO Health Emergency Programme, World Health Organisation, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Qudsia Huda
- WHO Health Emergency Programme, World Health Organisation, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stella Chungong
- WHO Health Emergency Programme, World Health Organisation, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Zabulon Yoti
- WHO Health Emergency Programme, World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | - Ibrahima Soce Fall
- WHO Health Emergency Programme, World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
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Arsyad DS, Nasir S, Arundhana AI, Phan-Thien KY, Toribio JA, McMahon P, Guest DI, Walton M. A one health exploration of the reasons for low cocoa productivity in West Sulawesi. One Health 2019; 8:100107. [PMID: 31890845 PMCID: PMC6931222 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2019.100107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We conducted an interdisciplinary One Health study of potential links between agricultural, health and associated livelihood factors on the livelihoods of smallholder cocoa-growing families in West Sulawesi. Our 2017 survey of 509 cocoa smallholder family members in 120 households in Polewali-Mandar District, West Sulawesi, Indonesia showed that farmers face many challenges to improving their livelihoods, including land management, agricultural practices, nutrition and human health, animal health, aging and demographic changes. Price fluctuations, limited access to capital and poor health deterred farmers from applying agricultural inputs and resulted in levels of low cocoa production (275 kg/annum per household). While market demand for live goats in the region is substantial and expected to increase, uptake of mixed farming with goats by smallholders was low. However, most households kept chickens. Bank accounts were held by 31% of households. Inadequate sanitation and unsafe water were reported in >50% households. Anthropometric measures showed that 42% of children under five years were significantly stunted and 32% of women were overweight. Joint, back pain and blurry vision were reported by 30% of adult respondents. High blood pressure contributed to complications in 20% of pregnancies. Primary health care provided by district health services mainly focuses on maternal and child health, leaving chronic health problems such as Type 2 diabetes, cataracts, arthritis and mental illness under-diagnosed, and if diagnosed, with inadequate treatment. Availability of food was a source of worry for 58% of households with 63% reporting limited food variety. Dietary diversity was low with an average of four out of ten food categories consumed in each household. Positive correlations were recorded for household cocoa productivity, land size, dietary diversity and perceptions that food availability and variety was sufficient. The results showed that an integrated One Health approach provides deep understanding of priority areas for improving livelihoods. A household survey of a cocoa-dependent community in Sulawesi indicated low productivity, incomes and uptake of mixed farming. Results showed variable health services, chronic health conditions and childhood stunting. Dietary diversity and perceptions of food availability were low. The interdependency of problems facing smallholders supports an integrated (One Health) approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian Sidik Arsyad
- Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Sudirman Nasir
- Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | | | - Kim-Yen Phan-Thien
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Jenny-Ann Toribio
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, Australia
| | - Peter McMahon
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Australia
- Corresponding author.
| | - David I. Guest
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Merrilyn Walton
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Australia
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Bell V, Ferrão J, Pimentel L, Pintado M, Fernandes T. One Health, Fermented Foods, and Gut Microbiota. Foods 2018; 7:foods7120195. [PMID: 30513869 PMCID: PMC6306734 DOI: 10.3390/foods7120195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in present-day society such as diets with more sugar, salt, and saturated fat, bad habits and unhealthy lifestyles contribute to the likelihood of the involvement of the microbiota in inflammatory diseases, which contribute to global epidemics of obesity, depression, and mental health concerns. The microbiota is presently one of the hottest areas of scientific and medical research, and exerts a marked influence on the host during homeostasis and disease. Fermented foods and beverages are generally defined as products made by microbial organisms and enzymatic conversions of major and minor food components. Further to the commonly-recognized effects of nutrition on the digestive health (e.g., dysbiosis) and well-being, there is now strong evidence for the impact of fermented foods and beverages (e.g., yoghurt, pickles, bread, kefir, beers, wines, mead), produced or preserved by the action of microorganisms, on general health, namely their significance on the gut microbiota balance and brain functionality. Fermented products require microorganisms, i.e., Saccharomyces yeasts and lactic acid bacteria, yielding alcohol and lactic acid. Ingestion of vibrant probiotics, especially those contained in fermented foods, is found to cause significant positive improvements in balancing intestinal permeability and barrier function. Our guts control and deal with every aspect of our health. How we digest our food and even the food sensitivities we have is linked with our mood, behavior, energy, weight, food cravings, hormone balance, immunity, and overall wellness. We highlight some impacts in this domain and debate calls for the convergence of interdisciplinary research fields from the United Nations’ initiative. Worldwide human and animal medicine are practiced separately; veterinary science and animal health are generally neither considered nor inserted within national or international Health discussions. The absence of a clear definition and subsequent vision for the future of One Health may act as a barrier to transdisciplinary collaboration. The point of this mini review is to highlight the role of fermented foods and beverages on gut microbiota and debate if the need for confluence of transdisciplinary fields of One Health is feasible and achievable, since they are managed by separate sectors with limited communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Bell
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Jorge Ferrão
- Universidade Pedagógica, Rua João Carlos Raposo Beirão 135, Maputo 1000-001, Mozambique.
| | - Lígia Pimentel
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Apartado 2511, 4202-401 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Manuela Pintado
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Apartado 2511, 4202-401 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Tito Fernandes
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal.
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Angwenyi V, Aantjes C, Kondowe K, Mutchiyeni JZ, Kajumi M, Criel B, Lazarus JV, Quinlan T, Bunders-Aelen J. Moving to a strong(er) community health system: analysing the role of community health volunteers in the new national community health strategy in Malawi. BMJ Glob Health 2018; 3:e000996. [PMID: 30498595 PMCID: PMC6254745 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2018-000996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the Alma Ata Declaration in 1978, community health volunteers (CHVs) have been at the forefront, providing health services, especially to underserved communities, in low-income countries. However, consolidation of CHVs position within formal health systems has proved to be complex and continues to challenge countries, as they devise strategies to strengthen primary healthcare. Malawi's community health strategy, launched in 2017, is a novel attempt to harmonise the multiple health service structures at the community level and strengthen service delivery through a team-based approach. The core community health team (CHT) consists of health surveillance assistants (HSAs), clinicians, environmental health officers and CHVs. This paper reviews Malawi's strategy, with particular focus on the interface between HSAs, volunteers in community-based programmes and the community health team. Our analysis identified key challenges that may impede the strategy's implementation: (1) inadequate training, imbalance of skill sets within CHTs and unclear job descriptions for CHVs; (2) proposed community-level interventions require expansion of pre-existing roles for most CHT members; and (3) district authorities may face challenges meeting financial obligations and filling community-level positions. For effective implementation, attention and further deliberation is needed on the appropriate forms of CHV support, CHT composition with possibilities of co-opting trained CHVs from existing volunteer programmes into CHTs, review of CHT competencies and workload, strengthening coordination and communication across all community actors, and financing mechanisms. Policy support through the development of an addendum to the strategy, outlining opportunities for task-shifting between CHT members, CHVs' expected duties and interactions with paid CHT personnel is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibian Angwenyi
- Athena Institute for Research on Innovation and Communication in Health and Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Unit of Equity and Health, Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carolien Aantjes
- Health Economics and HIV/AIDS Research Division (HEARD), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa
| | - Ketwin Kondowe
- Phalombe District Health Office, Ministry of Health, Phalombe, Malawi
| | | | - Murphy Kajumi
- Health Economics and HIV/AIDS Research Division (HEARD), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa
| | - Bart Criel
- Unit of Equity and Health, Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jeffrey V Lazarus
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tim Quinlan
- Health Economics and HIV/AIDS Research Division (HEARD), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa
| | - Joske Bunders-Aelen
- Athena Institute for Research on Innovation and Communication in Health and Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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