1
|
Pandit PS, Anthony SJ, Goldstein T, Olival KJ, Doyle MM, Gardner NR, Bird B, Smith W, Wolking D, Gilardi K, Monagin C, Kelly T, Uhart MM, Epstein JH, Machalaba C, Rostal MK, Dawson P, Hagan E, Sullivan A, Li H, Chmura AA, Latinne A, Lange C, O’Rourke T, Olson S, Keatts L, Mendoza AP, Perez A, de Paula CD, Zimmerman D, Valitutto M, LeBreton M, McIver D, Islam A, Duong V, Mouiche M, Shi Z, Mulembakani P, Kumakamba C, Ali M, Kebede N, Tamoufe U, Bel-Nono S, Camara A, Pamungkas J, Coulibaly KJ, Abu-Basha E, Kamau J, Silithammavong S, Desmond J, Hughes T, Shiilegdamba E, Aung O, Karmacharya D, Nziza J, Ndiaye D, Gbakima A, sajali Z, Wacharapluesadee S, Robles EA, Ssebide B, Suzán G, Aguirre LF, Solorio MR, Dhole TN, Nga NTT, Hitchens PL, Joly DO, Saylors K, Fine A, Murray S, Karesh WB, Daszak P, Mazet JAK, Johnson CK. Author Correction: Predicting the potential for zoonotic transmission and host associations for novel viruses. Commun Biol 2023; 6:25. [PMID: 36627372 PMCID: PMC9832161 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04364-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pranav S. Pandit
- grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Simon J. Anthony
- grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Center for Infection and Immunity, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Tracey Goldstein
- grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Kevin J. Olival
- grid.420826.a0000 0004 0409 4702EcoHealth Alliance, 520 Eighth Avenue, New York, NY 10018 USA
| | - Megan M. Doyle
- grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Nicole R. Gardner
- grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Brian Bird
- grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Woutrina Smith
- grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - David Wolking
- grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Kirsten Gilardi
- grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Corina Monagin
- grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Terra Kelly
- grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Marcela M. Uhart
- grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Jonathan H. Epstein
- grid.420826.a0000 0004 0409 4702EcoHealth Alliance, 520 Eighth Avenue, New York, NY 10018 USA
| | - Catherine Machalaba
- grid.420826.a0000 0004 0409 4702EcoHealth Alliance, 520 Eighth Avenue, New York, NY 10018 USA
| | - Melinda K. Rostal
- grid.420826.a0000 0004 0409 4702EcoHealth Alliance, 520 Eighth Avenue, New York, NY 10018 USA
| | - Patrick Dawson
- grid.420826.a0000 0004 0409 4702EcoHealth Alliance, 520 Eighth Avenue, New York, NY 10018 USA
| | - Emily Hagan
- grid.420826.a0000 0004 0409 4702EcoHealth Alliance, 520 Eighth Avenue, New York, NY 10018 USA
| | - Ava Sullivan
- grid.420826.a0000 0004 0409 4702EcoHealth Alliance, 520 Eighth Avenue, New York, NY 10018 USA
| | - Hongying Li
- grid.420826.a0000 0004 0409 4702EcoHealth Alliance, 520 Eighth Avenue, New York, NY 10018 USA
| | - Aleksei A. Chmura
- grid.420826.a0000 0004 0409 4702EcoHealth Alliance, 520 Eighth Avenue, New York, NY 10018 USA
| | - Alice Latinne
- grid.420826.a0000 0004 0409 4702EcoHealth Alliance, 520 Eighth Avenue, New York, NY 10018 USA
| | - Christian Lange
- Labyrinth Global Health, Inc., 546 15th Ave NE, St Petersburg, FL 33704 USA
| | - Tammie O’Rourke
- Labyrinth Global Health, Inc., 546 15th Ave NE, St Petersburg, FL 33704 USA
| | - Sarah Olson
- grid.269823.40000 0001 2164 6888Wildlife Conservation Society, Health Program, Bronx, NY USA
| | - Lucy Keatts
- grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - A. Patricia Mendoza
- grid.269823.40000 0001 2164 6888Wildlife Conservation Society, Health Program, Bronx, NY USA ,grid.516986.5Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), Peru Program, Lima, Peru
| | - Alberto Perez
- grid.516986.5Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), Peru Program, Lima, Peru
| | - Cátia Dejuste de Paula
- grid.269823.40000 0001 2164 6888Wildlife Conservation Society, Health Program, Bronx, NY USA
| | - Dawn Zimmerman
- grid.467700.20000 0001 2182 2028Global Health Program, Smithsonian’s National Zoological Park and Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC USA
| | - Marc Valitutto
- grid.467700.20000 0001 2182 2028Global Health Program, Smithsonian’s National Zoological Park and Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC USA
| | | | | | - Ariful Islam
- grid.420826.a0000 0004 0409 4702EcoHealth Alliance, 520 Eighth Avenue, New York, NY 10018 USA
| | - Veasna Duong
- grid.418537.c0000 0004 7535 978XInstitut Pasteur du Cambodge, 5 Monivong Blvd, PO Box 983, Phnom Penh, 12201 Cambodia
| | - Moctar Mouiche
- grid.452492.cMosaic/Global Viral Cameroon, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Zhengli Shi
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Prime Mulembakani
- grid.9783.50000 0000 9927 0991Kinshasa School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | | | - Mohamed Ali
- grid.419725.c0000 0001 2151 8157Egypt National Research Centre, 12311 Dokki, Giza Egypt
| | - Nigatu Kebede
- grid.7123.70000 0001 1250 5688Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Ubald Tamoufe
- grid.452492.cMetabiota Cameroon Ltd, Yaoundé, Centre Region Avenue Mvog-Fouda Ada, Av 1.085, Carrefour Intendance, Yaoundé, BP 15939 Cameroon
| | | | - Alpha Camara
- Centre de Recherche en Virologie (VRV) Projet Fievres Hemoraquiques en Guinée, BP 5680 Nongo/Contéya-Commune de Ratoma, Guinea
| | - Joko Pamungkas
- grid.440754.60000 0001 0698 0773Primate Research Center, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, 16151 Indonesia ,grid.440754.60000 0001 0698 0773Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University, Darmaga Campus, Bogor, 16680 Indonesia
| | - Kalpy J. Coulibaly
- grid.418523.90000 0004 0475 3667Department Environment and Health, Institut Pasteur de Côte d’Ivoire, PO BOX 490, Abidjan 01, Ivory Coast
| | - Ehab Abu-Basha
- grid.37553.370000 0001 0097 5797Department of Basic Medical Veterinary Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Ar-Ramtha, Jordan
| | - Joseph Kamau
- grid.418948.80000 0004 0566 5415Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Primate Research, Nairobi, Kenya ,grid.10604.330000 0001 2019 0495Department of Biochemistry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - James Desmond
- grid.420826.a0000 0004 0409 4702EcoHealth Alliance, 520 Eighth Avenue, New York, NY 10018 USA
| | - Tom Hughes
- grid.420826.a0000 0004 0409 4702EcoHealth Alliance, 520 Eighth Avenue, New York, NY 10018 USA ,Conservation Medicine, Sungai Buloh, Selangor Malaysia
| | | | - Ohnmar Aung
- grid.467700.20000 0001 2182 2028Global Health Program, Smithsonian’s National Zoological Park and Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC USA
| | - Dibesh Karmacharya
- grid.428196.0Center for Molecular Dynamics Nepal (CMDN), Thapathali -11, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Julius Nziza
- Regional Headquarters, Mountain Gorilla Veterinary Project, Musanze, Rwanda
| | - Daouda Ndiaye
- grid.8191.10000 0001 2186 9619Université Cheikh Anta Diop, BP 5005 Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Aiah Gbakima
- Metabiota, Inc. Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Zikankuba sajali
- grid.11887.370000 0000 9428 8105Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Supaporn Wacharapluesadee
- grid.411628.80000 0000 9758 8584Thai Red Cross Emerging Infectious Diseases Clinical Center, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Erika Alandia Robles
- grid.516956.8Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), Bolivia Program, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Benard Ssebide
- Regional Headquarters, Mountain Gorilla Veterinary Project, Musanze, Rwanda
| | - Gerardo Suzán
- grid.9486.30000 0001 2159 0001Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, 04510 Mexico
| | - Luis F. Aguirre
- grid.10491.3d0000 0001 2176 4059Centro de Biodiversidad y Genética, Universidad Mayor de San Simón, Cochabamba, Bolivia
| | - Monica R. Solorio
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia e Geoprocessamento (EpiGeo), Instituto de Medicina Veterinária (IMV) Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), BR-316 Km 31, Castanhal, Pará 69746-360 Brazil
| | - Tapan N. Dhole
- grid.263138.d0000 0000 9346 7267Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Nguyen T. T. Nga
- Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), Vietnam Program, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Peta L. Hitchens
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XMelbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Werribee, VIC 3030 Australia
| | - Damien O. Joly
- Nyati Health Consulting, 2175 Dodds Road, Nanaimo, BC V9X0A4 Canada
| | - Karen Saylors
- Labyrinth Global Health, Inc., 546 15th Ave NE, St Petersburg, FL 33704 USA
| | - Amanda Fine
- grid.269823.40000 0001 2164 6888Wildlife Conservation Society, Health Program, Bronx, NY USA
| | - Suzan Murray
- grid.452492.cMosaic/Global Viral Cameroon, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - William B. Karesh
- grid.420826.a0000 0004 0409 4702EcoHealth Alliance, 520 Eighth Avenue, New York, NY 10018 USA
| | - Peter Daszak
- grid.420826.a0000 0004 0409 4702EcoHealth Alliance, 520 Eighth Avenue, New York, NY 10018 USA
| | - Jonna A. K. Mazet
- grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | | | - Christine K. Johnson
- grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Martinez S, Sullivan A, Hagan E, Goley J, Epstein JH, Olival KJ, Saylors K, Euren J, Bangura J, Zikankuba S, Mouiche MMM, Camara AO, Desmond J, Islam A, Hughes T, Wacharplusadee S, Duong V, Nga NTT, Bird B, Goldstein T, Wolking D, Johnson CK, Mazet JA, Olson SH, Fine AE, Valitutto M, Karesh WB, Daszak P, Francisco L. Living Safely With Bats: Lessons in Developing and Sharing a Global One Health Educational Resource. Glob Health Sci Pract 2022; 10:GHSP-D-22-00106. [PMID: 36951282 PMCID: PMC9771458 DOI: 10.9745/ghsp-d-22-00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
As part of a public health behavior change and communication strategy related to the identification of a novel ebolavirus in bats in Sierra Leone in 2016, a consortium of experts launched an effort to create a widely accessible resource for community awareness and education on reducing disease risk. The resulting picture book, Living Safely With Bats, includes technical content developed by a consortium of experts in public health, animal health, conservation, bats, and disease ecology from 30 countries. The book has now been adapted, translated, and used in more than 20 countries in Africa and Asia. We review the processes used to integrate feedback from local stakeholders and multidisciplinary experts. We also provide recommendations for One Health and other practitioners who choose to pursue the development and evaluation of this or similar zoonotic disease risk mitigation tools.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - James Bangura
- One Health Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - James Desmond
- EcoHealth Alliance, New York, NY, USA
- Liberia Chimpanzee Rescue and Protection, Monrovia, Liberia
| | | | - Tom Hughes
- Conservation Medicine, Selangor, Malaysia
- EcoHealth Alliance, New York, NY, USA
| | - Supaporn Wacharplusadee
- Thai Red Cross Emerging Infectious Diseases Clinical Center, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
- School of Global Health, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Veasna Duong
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | | | - Brian Bird
- One Health Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Tracey Goldstein
- One Health Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - David Wolking
- One Health Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Jonna Ak Mazet
- One Health Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Sarah H Olson
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Health Program, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Amanda E Fine
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Health Program, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Marc Valitutto
- EcoHealth Alliance, New York, NY, USA
- Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Msimang V, Rostal MK, Cordel C, Machalaba C, Tempia S, Bagge W, Burt FJ, Karesh WB, Paweska JT, Thompson PN. Factors affecting the use of biosecurity measures for the protection of ruminant livestock and farm workers against infectious diseases in central South Africa. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:e1899-e1912. [PMID: 35306739 PMCID: PMC9790579 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Biosecurity measures have been introduced to limit economic losses and zoonotic exposures to humans by preventing and controlling animal diseases. However, they are implemented on individual farms with varying frequency. The goal of this study was to evaluate which biosecurity measures were used by farmers to prevent infectious diseases in ruminant livestock and to identify factors that influenced these decisions. We conducted a survey in 264 ruminant livestock farmers in a 40,000 km2 area in the Free State and Northern Cape provinces of South Africa. We used descriptive statistics, to characterize biosecurity measures and farm attributes, then multivariable binomial regression to assess the strength of the association between the attributes and the implementation of biosecurity measures including property fencing, separate equipment use on different species, separate rearing of species, isolation of sick animals, isolation of pregnant animals, quarantine of new animals, animal transport cleaning, vaccination, tick control and insect control. Ninety-nine percent of farmers reported using at least one of the 10 biosecurity measures investigated (median [M]: 6; range: 0-10). The most frequently used biosecurity measures were tick control (81%, 214 out of 264), vaccination (80%, 211 out of 264) and isolation of sick animals (72%, 190 out of 264). More biosecurity measures were used on farms with 65-282 animals (M: 6; odds ratio [OR]: 1.52) or farms with 283-12,030 animals (M: 7; OR: 1.87) than on farms with fewer than 65 animals (M: 4). Furthermore, farmers who kept two animal species (M: 7; OR: 1.41) or three or more species (M: 7) used more biosecurity measures than single-species operations (M: 4). Farmers with privately owned land used more biosecurity measures (M: 6; OR: 1.51) than those grazing their animals on communal land (M: 3.5). Farms that reported previous Rift Valley fever (RVF) outbreaks used more biosecurity measures (M: 7; OR: 1.25) compared with farms without RVF reports (M: 6) and those that purchased animals in the 12 months prior to the survey (M: 7; OR: 1.19) compared with those that did not (M: 6). When introducing new animals into their herds (n = 122), most farmers used fewer biosecurity measures than they did for their existing herd: 34% (41 out of 122) used multiple biosecurity measures like those of vaccination, tick control, quarantine or antibiotic use, whereas 36% (44 out of 122) used only one and 30% (37 out of 122) used none. Certain farm features, primarily those related to size and commercialization, were associated with more frequent use of biosecurity measures. Given the variation in the application of biosecurity measures, more awareness and technical assistance are needed to support the implementation of a biosecurity management plan appropriate for the type of farm operation and available resources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veerle Msimang
- Epidemiology SectionDepartment of Production Animal StudiesFaculty of Veterinary ScienceUniversity of PretoriaOnderstepoortSouth Africa,Centre for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic DiseasesNational Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory ServiceSandringhamSouth Africa
| | - Melinda K. Rostal
- EcoHealth Alliance, New YorkNew YorkNYUSA,Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative MedicineCollege of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | | | | | - Stefano Tempia
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and MeningitisNational Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory ServicesJohannesburgSouth Africa,Faculty of Health SciencesSchool of Public HealthUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa
| | | | - Felicity J. Burt
- Division of VirologyNational Health Laboratory ServiceUniversitasBloemfonteinSouth Africa,Division of VirologyFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of the Free StateBloemfonteinSouth Africa
| | | | - Janusz T. Paweska
- Centre for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic DiseasesNational Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory ServiceSandringhamSouth Africa,Centre for Viral ZoonosesUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
| | - Peter N. Thompson
- Epidemiology SectionDepartment of Production Animal StudiesFaculty of Veterinary ScienceUniversity of PretoriaOnderstepoortSouth Africa
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Anyamba A, Damoah R, Kemp A, Small JL, Rostal MK, Bagge W, Cordel C, Brand R, Karesh WB, Paweska JT. Climate Conditions During a Rift Valley Fever Post-epizootic Period in Free State, South Africa, 2014–2019. Front Vet Sci 2022; 8:730424. [PMID: 35187137 PMCID: PMC8848741 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.730424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) activity in Southern Africa tends to occur during periods of sustained elevated rainfall, cooler than normal conditions, and abundant vegetation cover creating ideal conditions for the increase and propagation of populations of RVFV mosquito vectors. These climatic and ecological conditions are modulated by large-scale tropical-wide El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomena. The aim of this 5-year study was to investigate climatic conditions during Rift Valley fever “post-epizootic” period in Free State province of the Republic of South Africa, which historically experienced the largest RVF outbreaks in this country. We collected satellite-derived rainfall, land surface temperature (LST), and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data since 2014 to understand broad environmental conditions in the years following a period of sustained and widespread large RVF outbreaks (2008–2011) in the region. We found this post-epizootic/interepizootic period to be characterized by below-normal rainfall (~-500 mm), above LSTs (~+12°C), depressed NDVI (60% below normal), and severe drought as manifested particularly during the 2015–2016 growing season. Such conditions reduce the patchwork of appropriate habitats available for emergence of RVFV vectors and diminish chances of RVFV activity. However, the 2016–2017 growing season saw a marked return to somewhat wetter conditions without any reported RVFV transmission. In general, the aggregate vector collections during this 5-year period follow patterns observed in climate measurements. During the 2017–2018 growing season, late and seasonally above average rainfall resulted in a focal RVF outbreak in one location in the study region. This unanticipated event is an indicator of cryptic RVF activity during post-epizootic period and may be a harbinger of RVFV activity in the coming years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Assaf Anyamba
- Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD, United States
- Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Assaf Anyamba
| | - Richard Damoah
- Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States
- Physics Department and Goddard Earth Sciences Technology and Research, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Alan Kemp
- Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jennifer L. Small
- Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, MD, United States
| | | | | | | | - Robert Brand
- Cuyahoga County Board of Health, Parma, OH, United States
- Department of Soil, Crop and Climate Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | | | - Janusz T. Paweska
- Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jost CC, Machalaba C, Karesh WB, Mcdermott JJ, Beltran-Alcrudo D, Bett B, Tago D, Wongsathapornchai K, Plee L, Dhingra MS, Pfeiffer DU. Epidemic disease risks and implications for Veterinary Services. REV SCI TECH OIE 2021; 40:497-509. [PMID: 34542099 DOI: 10.20506/rst.40.2.3240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Growth in the livestock sector is associated with heightened risk for epidemic diseases. The increasing spillover of new diseases from wildlife is being driven by wide-scale anthropogenic changes allowing for more frequent and closer wildlife-human and wildlife-livestock contacts. An increasing number of epidemics in livestock are associated with rapid transition of livestock systems from extensive to intensive, and local to global movement of livestock and their products through value chain networks with weak biosecurity. Major livestock epidemics in the past two decades have had substantial economic impacts, and the COVID-19 pandemic highlights the devastating socio-economic consequences that spillovers can have when not identified and controlled early in the process of emergence. This highlights the importance of Veterinary Services to integrated, whole-of-society efforts to control infectious diseases in animals. Emphasis within Veterinary Services must be placed on prevention and preparedness. The authors suggest four areas for continued improvement in Veterinary Services to meet this challenge. These are a) continued development of staff capacity for risk assessment and value chain analysis, together with improved policies and communication, b) appropriate adaptation of approaches to prevention and control in resource-poor settings, c) improved multi-sectoral and transboundary cooperation, which enables the sharing of resources and expertise, and d) systematic approaches that enable Veterinary Services to influence decisionmaking for trade, markets, business, public health, and livelihood development at the national and regional levels.
Collapse
|
6
|
Msimang V, Weyer J, le Roux C, Kemp A, Burt FJ, Tempia S, Grobbelaar A, Moolla N, Rostal MK, Bagge W, Cordel C, Karesh WB, Paweska JT, Thompson PN. Risk factors associated with exposure to Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus in animal workers and cattle, and molecular detection in ticks, South Africa. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009384. [PMID: 34048430 PMCID: PMC8162673 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a severe tick-borne viral zoonosis endemic to parts of Africa, Europe, the Middle East and Central Asia. Human cases are reported annually in South Africa, with a 25% case fatality rate since the first case was recognized in 1981. We investigated CCHF virus (CCHFV) seroprevalence and risk factors associated with infection in cattle and humans, and the presence of CCHFV in Hyalomma spp. ticks in central South Africa in 2017-18. CCHFV IgG seroprevalence was 74.2% (95%CI: 64.2-82.1%) in 700 cattle and 3.9% (95%CI: 2.6-5.8%) in 541 farm and wildlife workers. No veterinary personnel (117) or abattoir workers (382) were seropositive. The prevalence of CCHFV RNA was significantly higher in Hyalomma truncatum (1.6%) than in H. rufipes (0.2%) (P = 0.002). Seroprevalence in cattle increased with age and was greater in animals on which ticks were found. Seroprevalence in cattle also showed significant geographic variation. Seroprevalence in humans increased with age and was greater in workers who handled livestock for injection and collection of samples. Our findings support previous evidence of widespread high CCHFV seroprevalence in cattle and show significant occupational exposure amongst farm and wildlife workers. Our seroprevalence estimate suggests that CCHFV infections are five times more frequent than the 215 confirmed CCHF cases diagnosed in South Africa in the last four decades (1981-2019). With many cases undiagnosed, the potential seriousness of CCHF in people, and the lack of an effective vaccine or treatment, there is a need to improve public health awareness, prevention and disease control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veerle Msimang
- Epidemiology Section, Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa
- Centre for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Sandringham, South Africa
- * E-mail:
| | - Jacqueline Weyer
- Centre for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Sandringham, South Africa
- Centre for Viral Zoonoses, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Chantel le Roux
- Centre for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Sandringham, South Africa
| | - Alan Kemp
- Centre for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Sandringham, South Africa
| | - Felicity J. Burt
- Division of Virology, National Health Laboratory Service, Bloemfontein, South Africa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Stefano Tempia
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Antoinette Grobbelaar
- Centre for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Sandringham, South Africa
| | - Naazneen Moolla
- Centre for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Sandringham, South Africa
| | | | - Whitney Bagge
- EcoHealth Alliance, New York, New York, United States of America
| | | | | | - Janusz T. Paweska
- Centre for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Sandringham, South Africa
- Centre for Viral Zoonoses, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Peter N. Thompson
- Epidemiology Section, Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Machalaba C, Uhart M, Ryser-Degiorgis MP, Karesh WB. Gaps in health security related to wildlife and environment affecting pandemic prevention and preparedness, 2007-2020. Bull World Health Organ 2021; 99:342-350B. [PMID: 33958822 PMCID: PMC8061663 DOI: 10.2471/blt.20.272690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe and quantify the extent of wildlife and environment sector inclusion in country evaluation and prioritization tools for health security, and to provide practical recommendations for global and national action to improve pandemic prevention and preparedness. METHODS To assess coverage of wildlife and other environmental aspects, we reviewed major health security reports (including World Organisation for Animal Health Performance of Veterinary Services reports, and World Health Organization Joint External Evaluations and follow-on National Action Plans for Health Security) published by 107 countries and territories. We extracted information on stated coverage gaps, wildlife surveillance systems and priority diseases. We also searched National Biodiversity Strategies and Action Plans published by 125 countries to assess whether disease surveillance or prevention activities were included. FINDINGS We noted that the occurrence frequency of keywords indicative of wildlife, environment, biodiversity and climate factors varied with type of report and between countries. We found that more than half (57.9%, 62/107) of the reporting countries did not provide any evidence of a functional wildlife health surveillance programme. Most countries (83.2%, 89/107) indicated specific gaps in operations, coordination, scope or capacity. Only eight of the 125 countries (6.4%) publishing a National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan reported tangible activities related to wildlife health or zoonotic disease. CONCLUSION Overall, despite their importance for pandemic prevention, wildlife and environmental considerations are neglected in health security priorities and plans. Strengthening wildlife health capacity and operations should be emphasized in One Health efforts to monitor and mitigate known and novel disease risks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Machalaba
- EcoHealth Alliance, 520 Eighth Avenue, Suite 1200, New York, NY 10018, United States of America (USA)
| | - Marcela Uhart
- One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Marie-Pierre Ryser-Degiorgis
- Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - William B Karesh
- EcoHealth Alliance, 520 Eighth Avenue, Suite 1200, New York, NY 10018, United States of America (USA)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gruetzmacher K, Karesh WB, Amuasi JH, Arshad A, Farlow A, Gabrysch S, Jetzkowitz J, Lieberman S, Palmer C, Winkler AS, Walzer C. The Berlin principles on one health - Bridging global health and conservation. Sci Total Environ 2021; 764:142919. [PMID: 33097250 PMCID: PMC7550087 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
For over 15-years, proponents of the One Health approach have worked to consistently interweave components that should never have been separated and now more than ever need to be re-connected: the health of humans, non-human animals, and ecosystems. We have failed to heed the warning signs. A One Health approach is paramount in directing our future health in this acutely and irrevocably changed world. COVID-19 has shown us the exorbitant cost of inaction. The time to act is now.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kim Gruetzmacher
- Wildlife Conservation Society, 2300 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, NY 10460, USA
| | - William B Karesh
- EcoHealth Alliance, 460 West 34th Street - 17th Floor, New York, NY 10001-2320, USA; OIE (World Organisation for Animal Health) Working Group on Wildlife, France
| | - John H Amuasi
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Kumasi Collaborative Center for Research in Tropical Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Adnan Arshad
- College of Resources & Environment Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Andrew Farlow
- Oxford in Berlin, Germany; Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford, 34 Broad Street, Oxford OX1 3BD, United Kingdom
| | - Sabine Gabrysch
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, P.O. Box 601203, 14412 Potsdam, Germany; Institute of Public Health, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Jetzkowitz
- Natural History Museum, Invalidenstraße 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Susan Lieberman
- Wildlife Conservation Society, International Policy, 2300 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, NY 10460, USA
| | - Clare Palmer
- Department of Philosophy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Andrea S Winkler
- Center for Global Health, Department of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675 Munich, Germany; Centre for Global Health, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Chris Walzer
- Wildlife Conservation Society, 2300 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, NY 10460, USA; Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, Conservation Medicine, Savoyenstraße 1, 1160 Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bartlow AW, Machalaba C, Karesh WB, Fair JM. Biodiversity and Global Health: Intersection of Health, Security, and the Environment. Health Secur 2021; 19:214-222. [PMID: 33733864 DOI: 10.1089/hs.2020.0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W Bartlow
- Andrew W. Bartlow, PhD, and Jeanne M. Fair, PhD, are Scientists; both in Biosecurity and Public Health, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM. Catherine Machalaba, PhD, MPH, is Senior Policy Advisor and Senior Research Scientist and William B. Karesh, DVM, is Executive Vice President for Health and Policy; both at EcoHealth Alliance, New York, NY
| | - Catherine Machalaba
- Andrew W. Bartlow, PhD, and Jeanne M. Fair, PhD, are Scientists; both in Biosecurity and Public Health, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM. Catherine Machalaba, PhD, MPH, is Senior Policy Advisor and Senior Research Scientist and William B. Karesh, DVM, is Executive Vice President for Health and Policy; both at EcoHealth Alliance, New York, NY
| | - William B Karesh
- Andrew W. Bartlow, PhD, and Jeanne M. Fair, PhD, are Scientists; both in Biosecurity and Public Health, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM. Catherine Machalaba, PhD, MPH, is Senior Policy Advisor and Senior Research Scientist and William B. Karesh, DVM, is Executive Vice President for Health and Policy; both at EcoHealth Alliance, New York, NY
| | - Jeanne M Fair
- Andrew W. Bartlow, PhD, and Jeanne M. Fair, PhD, are Scientists; both in Biosecurity and Public Health, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM. Catherine Machalaba, PhD, MPH, is Senior Policy Advisor and Senior Research Scientist and William B. Karesh, DVM, is Executive Vice President for Health and Policy; both at EcoHealth Alliance, New York, NY
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rostal MK, Cleaveland S, Cordel C, van Staden L, Matthews L, Anyamba A, Karesh WB, Paweska JT, Haydon DT, Ross N. Farm-Level Risk Factors of Increased Abortion and Mortality in Domestic Ruminants during the 2010 Rift Valley Fever Outbreak in Central South Africa. Pathogens 2020; 9:E914. [PMID: 33158214 PMCID: PMC7694248 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9110914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Rift Valley fever (RVF) outbreaks in domestic ruminants have severe socio-economic impacts. Climate-based continental predictions providing early warnings to regions at risk for RVF outbreaks are not of a high enough resolution for ruminant owners to assess their individual risk. (2) Methods: We analyzed risk factors for RVF occurrence and severity at the farm level using the number of domestic ruminant deaths and abortions reported by farmers in central South Africa during the 2010 RVF outbreaks using a Bayesian multinomial hurdle framework. (3) Results: We found strong support that the proportion of days with precipitation, the number of water sources, and the proportion of goats in the herd were positively associated with increased severity of RVF (the numbers of deaths and abortions). We did not find an association between any risk factors and whether RVF was reported on farms. (4) Conclusions: At the farm level we identified risk factors of RVF severity; however, there was little support for risk factors of RVF occurrence. The identification of farm-level risk factors for Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) occurrence would support and potentially improve current prediction methods and would provide animal owners with critical information needed in order to assess their herd's risk of RVFV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melinda K. Rostal
- EcoHealth Alliance, New York, NY 10018, USA; (W.B.K.); (N.R.)
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK; (S.C.); (L.M.); (D.T.H.)
| | - Sarah Cleaveland
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK; (S.C.); (L.M.); (D.T.H.)
| | - Claudia Cordel
- ExecuVet PTY LTD., Bloemfontein 9301, Free State, South Africa; (C.C.); (L.v.S.)
| | - Lara van Staden
- ExecuVet PTY LTD., Bloemfontein 9301, Free State, South Africa; (C.C.); (L.v.S.)
| | - Louise Matthews
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK; (S.C.); (L.M.); (D.T.H.)
| | - Assaf Anyamba
- Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD 21046, USA;
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | | | - Janusz T. Paweska
- Centre for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg 2192, South Africa;
| | - Daniel T. Haydon
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK; (S.C.); (L.M.); (D.T.H.)
| | - Noam Ross
- EcoHealth Alliance, New York, NY 10018, USA; (W.B.K.); (N.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Olival KJ, Cryan PM, Amman BR, Baric RS, Blehert DS, Brook CE, Calisher CH, Castle KT, Coleman JTH, Daszak P, Epstein JH, Field H, Frick WF, Gilbert AT, Hayman DTS, Ip HS, Karesh WB, Johnson CK, Kading RC, Kingston T, Lorch JM, Mendenhall IH, Peel AJ, Phelps KL, Plowright RK, Reeder DM, Reichard JD, Sleeman JM, Streicker DG, Towner JS, Wang LF. Possibility for reverse zoonotic transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to free-ranging wildlife: A case study of bats. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008758. [PMID: 32881980 PMCID: PMC7470399 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic highlights the substantial public health, economic, and societal consequences of virus spillover from a wildlife reservoir. Widespread human transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) also presents a new set of challenges when considering viral spillover from people to naïve wildlife and other animal populations. The establishment of new wildlife reservoirs for SARS-CoV-2 would further complicate public health control measures and could lead to wildlife health and conservation impacts. Given the likely bat origin of SARS-CoV-2 and related beta-coronaviruses (β-CoVs), free-ranging bats are a key group of concern for spillover from humans back to wildlife. Here, we review the diversity and natural host range of β-CoVs in bats and examine the risk of humans inadvertently infecting free-ranging bats with SARS-CoV-2. Our review of the global distribution and host range of β-CoV evolutionary lineages suggests that 40+ species of temperate-zone North American bats could be immunologically naïve and susceptible to infection by SARS-CoV-2. We highlight an urgent need to proactively connect the wellbeing of human and wildlife health during the current pandemic and to implement new tools to continue wildlife research while avoiding potentially severe health and conservation impacts of SARS-CoV-2 "spilling back" into free-ranging bat populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J. Olival
- EcoHealth Alliance, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Paul M. Cryan
- US Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center, Ft. Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Brian R. Amman
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Ralph S. Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - David S. Blehert
- US Geological Survey, National Wildlife Health Center, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Cara E. Brook
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Charles H. Calisher
- Arthropod-borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Kevin T. Castle
- Wildlife Veterinary Consulting, Livermore, Colorado, United States of America
| | | | - Peter Daszak
- EcoHealth Alliance, New York, New York, United States of America
| | | | - Hume Field
- EcoHealth Alliance, New York, New York, United States of America
- Bat Conservation International, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Winifred F. Frick
- School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
| | - Amy T. Gilbert
- US Department of Agriculture, National Wildlife Research Center, Ft. Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - David T. S. Hayman
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Hon S. Ip
- US Geological Survey, National Wildlife Health Center, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | | | - Christine K. Johnson
- One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Rebekah C. Kading
- Arthropod-borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Tigga Kingston
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey M. Lorch
- US Geological Survey, National Wildlife Health Center, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Ian H. Mendenhall
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
| | - Alison J. Peel
- Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia
| | - Kendra L. Phelps
- EcoHealth Alliance, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Raina K. Plowright
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America
| | - DeeAnn M. Reeder
- Department of Biology, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | | | - Jonathan M. Sleeman
- US Geological Survey, National Wildlife Health Center, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Daniel G. Streicker
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan S. Towner
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Lin-Fa Wang
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Verster AM, Liang JE, Rostal MK, Kemp A, Brand RF, Anyamba A, Cordel C, Schall R, Zwiegers H, Paweska JT, Karesh WB, van Huyssteen CW. Selected wetland soil properties correlate to Rift Valley fever livestock mortalities reported in 2009-10 in central South Africa. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232481. [PMID: 32421747 PMCID: PMC7233588 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Outbreaks of Rift Valley fever have devastating impacts on ruminants, humans, as well as on regional and national economies. Although numerous studies on the impact and outbreak of Rift Valley fever exist, relatively little is known about the role of environmental factors, especially soil, on the aestivation of the virus. This study thus selected 22 sites for study in central South Africa, known to be the recurrent epicenter of widespread Rift Valley fever outbreaks in Southern Africa. Soils were described, sampled and analyzed in detail at each site. Of all the soil variables analyzed for, only eight (cation exchange capacity, exchangeable Ca2+, exchangeable K+, exchangeable Mg2+, soluble Ca2+, medium sand, As, and Br) were statistically identified to be potential indicators of sites with reported Rift Valley fever mortalities, as reported for the 2009–2010 Rift Valley fever outbreak. Four soil characteristics (exchangeable K+, exchangeable Mg2+, medium sand, and Br) were subsequently included in a discriminant function that could potentially be used to predict sites that had reported Rift Valley fever-associated mortalities in livestock. This study therefore constitutes an initial attempt to predict sites prone to Rift Valley fever livestock mortality from soil properties and thus serves as a basis for broader research on the interaction between soil, mosquitoes and Rift Valley fever virus. Future research should include other environmental components such as vegetation, climate, and water properties as well as correlating soil properties with floodwater Aedes spp. abundance and Rift Valley fever virus prevalence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna M. Verster
- Department of Soil, Crop and Climate Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, Republic of South Africa
| | - Janice E. Liang
- EcoHealth Alliance, New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - Melinda K. Rostal
- EcoHealth Alliance, New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - Alan Kemp
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa
| | - Robert F. Brand
- Department of Soil, Crop and Climate Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, Republic of South Africa
| | - Assaf Anyamba
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, United States of America
- Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Claudia Cordel
- ExecuVet Veterinary Clinical and Scientific Consulting, Bloemfontein, Republic of South Africa
| | - Robert Schall
- Department of Mathematical Statistics and Actuarial Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, Republic of South Africa
| | - Herman Zwiegers
- Department of Soil, Crop and Climate Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, Republic of South Africa
| | - Janusz T. Paweska
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa
| | - William B. Karesh
- EcoHealth Alliance, New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - Cornie W. van Huyssteen
- Department of Soil, Crop and Climate Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, Republic of South Africa
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kock R, Karesh WB, Chardonnet P. Michael Henry Woodford. Vet Rec 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.m1536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
14
|
Sainsbury AW, Chantrey J, Ewen JG, Gurnell J, Hudson P, Karesh WB, Kock RA, Lurz PWW, Meredith A, Tompkins DM. Implications of squirrelpox virus for successful red squirrel translocations within mainland
UK. Conservat Sci and Prac 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Julian Chantrey
- School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
| | - John G. Ewen
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London Regent's Park, London UK
- IUCN SSC Conservation Translocation Specialist Group UK
| | | | - Peter Hudson
- Nelson Mandela African Institute—Arusha, A co‐hire of The Huck Institutes & The Institutes of Energy & The Environment Penn State University Pennsylvania USA
| | - William B. Karesh
- IUCN SSC Wildlife Health Specialist Group Chair, EcoHealth Alliance New York New York USA
| | | | - Peter W. W. Lurz
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh Roslin, Midlothian UK
| | - Anna Meredith
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh Roslin, Midlothian UK
- Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne Parkville VIC Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ngoshe YB, Avenant A, Rostal MK, Karesh WB, Paweska JT, Bagge W, Jansen van Vuren P, Kemp A, Cordel C, Msimang V, Thompson PN. Patterns of Rift Valley fever virus seropositivity in domestic ruminants in central South Africa four years after a large outbreak. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5489. [PMID: 32218486 PMCID: PMC7099094 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62453-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a mosquito-borne viral zoonosis showing complex epidemiological patterns that are poorly understood in South Africa. Large outbreaks occur in the central interior at long, irregular intervals, most recently in 2010–2011; however, the level of herd immunity of ruminant livestock, a key determinant of outbreaks, is unknown. During 2015–2016 a cross-sectional study on 234 randomly-selected farms investigated the prevalence, patterns of, and factors associated with, antibodies to RVF virus (RVFV) in livestock in an area heavily affected by that outbreak. A RVFV inhibition ELISA was used to screen 977 cattle, 1,549 sheep and 523 goats and information on potential risk factors was collected using a comprehensive questionnaire. The estimated RVFV seroprevalence, adjusted for survey design, was 42.9% in cattle, 28.0% in sheep and 9.3% in goats, showing a high degree of farm-level clustering. Seroprevalence increased with age and was higher on private vs. communal land, on farms with seasonal pans (temporary, shallow wetlands) and perennial rivers and in recently vaccinated animals. Seropositivity amongst unvaccinated animals born after the last outbreak indicates likely viral circulation during the post-epidemic period. The current level of herd immunity in livestock may be insufficient to prevent another large outbreak, should suitable conditions recur.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf B Ngoshe
- Epidemiology Section, Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa
| | - Alida Avenant
- Epidemiology Section, Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa
| | - Melinda K Rostal
- EcoHealth Alliance, 460 West 34th Street - 17th Floor, New York, NY, 10001, USA
| | - William B Karesh
- EcoHealth Alliance, 460 West 34th Street - 17th Floor, New York, NY, 10001, USA
| | - Janusz T Paweska
- Centre for Emerging Zoonotic & Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Sandringham, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Whitney Bagge
- EcoHealth Alliance, 460 West 34th Street - 17th Floor, New York, NY, 10001, USA
| | - Petrus Jansen van Vuren
- Centre for Emerging Zoonotic & Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Sandringham, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Alan Kemp
- Centre for Emerging Zoonotic & Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Sandringham, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Veerle Msimang
- Epidemiology Section, Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa.,Centre for Emerging Zoonotic & Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Sandringham, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Peter N Thompson
- Epidemiology Section, Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Calisher C, Carroll D, Colwell R, Corley RB, Daszak P, Drosten C, Enjuanes L, Farrar J, Field H, Golding J, Gorbalenya A, Haagmans B, Hughes JM, Karesh WB, Keusch GT, Lam SK, Lubroth J, Mackenzie JS, Madoff L, Mazet J, Palese P, Perlman S, Poon L, Roizman B, Saif L, Subbarao K, Turner M. Statement in support of the scientists, public health professionals, and medical professionals of China combatting COVID-19. Lancet 2020; 395:e42-e43. [PMID: 32087122 PMCID: PMC7159294 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30418-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dennis Carroll
- Scowcroft Institute of International Affairs, Texas A&M, College Station, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hume Field
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | - William B Karesh
- World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) Working Group on Wildlife, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Sai Kit Lam
- University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Juan Lubroth
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Larry Madoff
- Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Jonna Mazet
- University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Peter Palese
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine, Mt Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stanley Perlman
- University of Iowa, Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Leo Poon
- The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | - Linda Saif
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kock RA, Karesh WB, Veas F, Velavan TP, Simons D, Mboera LEG, Dar O, Arruda LB, Zumla A. 2019-nCoV in context: lessons learned? Lancet Planet Health 2020; 4:e87-e88. [PMID: 32035507 PMCID: PMC7128686 DOI: 10.1016/s2542-5196(20)30035-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Kock
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Science, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, UK.
| | | | - Francisco Veas
- IRD, UMR5569, Faculty of Pharmacy, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Thirumalaisamy P Velavan
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research (VG-CARE), Hanoi, Vietnam; Faculty of Medicine, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - David Simons
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Science, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Leonard E G Mboera
- SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Chuo Kikuu, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Osman Dar
- Chatham House Centre on Global Health Security, Royal Institute of International Affairs, London, UK
| | - Liã Bárbara Arruda
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, and UCL Hospitals NIHR Biomedical Research Centre London, London, UK
| | - Alimuddin Zumla
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, and UCL Hospitals NIHR Biomedical Research Centre London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Di Marco M, Baker ML, Daszak P, De Barro P, Eskew EA, Godde CM, Harwood TD, Herrero M, Hoskins AJ, Johnson E, Karesh WB, Machalaba C, Garcia JN, Paini D, Pirzl R, Smith MS, Zambrana-Torrelio C, Ferrier S. Opinion: Sustainable development must account for pandemic risk. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:3888-3892. [PMID: 32060123 PMCID: PMC7049118 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2001655117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Moreno Di Marco
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Land and Water, EcoSciences Precinct, Dutton Park, QLD 4102, Australia;
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Michelle L Baker
- CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Health and Biosecurity Business Unit, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | | | - Paul De Barro
- CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, EcoSciences Precinct, Dutton Park, QLD 4102, Australia
| | | | - Cecile M Godde
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - Tom D Harwood
- CSIRO Land and Water, Black Mountain Science and Innovation Park, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Mario Herrero
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - Andrew J Hoskins
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4810, Australia
| | - Erica Johnson
- EcoHealth Alliance, New York, NY 10001
- Department of Biology, City University of New York, New York, NY 10016
| | - William B Karesh
- EcoHealth Alliance, New York, NY 10001
- Global Health Security Agenda Consortium Steering Committee, Washington, DC 20201
- World Animal Health Organisation Working Group on Wildlife, Paris 75017, France
| | - Catherine Machalaba
- EcoHealth Alliance, New York, NY 10001
- Global Health Security Agenda Consortium Steering Committee, Washington, DC 20201
| | | | - Dean Paini
- CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Black Mountain Science and Innovation Park, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Rebecca Pirzl
- CSIRO Land and Water, Black Mountain Science and Innovation Park, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Mark Stafford Smith
- CSIRO Land and Water, Black Mountain Science and Innovation Park, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | | | - Simon Ferrier
- CSIRO Land and Water, Black Mountain Science and Innovation Park, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Eskew EA, White AM, Ross N, Smith KM, Smith KF, Rodríguez JP, Zambrana-Torrelio C, Karesh WB, Daszak P. United States wildlife and wildlife product imports from 2000-2014. Sci Data 2020; 7:22. [PMID: 31949168 PMCID: PMC6965094 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-020-0354-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The global wildlife trade network is a massive system that has been shown to threaten biodiversity, introduce non-native species and pathogens, and cause chronic animal welfare concerns. Despite its scale and impact, comprehensive characterization of the global wildlife trade is hampered by data that are limited in their temporal or taxonomic scope and detail. To help fill this gap, we present data on 15 years of the importation of wildlife and their derived products into the United States (2000–2014), originally collected by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. We curated and cleaned the data and added taxonomic information to improve data usability. These data include >2 million wildlife or wildlife product shipments, representing >60 biological classes and >3.2 billion live organisms. Further, the majority of species in the dataset are not currently reported on by CITES parties. These data will be broadly useful to both scientists and policymakers seeking to better understand the volume, sources, biological composition, and potential risks of the global wildlife trade. Measurement(s) | Import • wildlife • wildlife product | Technology Type(s) | digital curation | Sample Characteristic - Environment | wildlife trade network | Sample Characteristic - Location | United States of America |
Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data: 10.6084/m9.figshare.11439471
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evan A Eskew
- EcoHealth Alliance, 460 West 34th Street - Suite 1701, New York, New York, 10001, USA.
| | - Allison M White
- EcoHealth Alliance, 460 West 34th Street - Suite 1701, New York, New York, 10001, USA
| | - Noam Ross
- EcoHealth Alliance, 460 West 34th Street - Suite 1701, New York, New York, 10001, USA
| | - Kristine M Smith
- EcoHealth Alliance, 460 West 34th Street - Suite 1701, New York, New York, 10001, USA
| | - Katherine F Smith
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, 02912, USA
| | - Jon Paul Rodríguez
- IUCN Species Survival Commission, Rue Mauverney 28, 1196, Gland, Switzerland.,Centro de Ecología, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Apartado 20632, Caracas, 1020-A, Venezuela.,Provita, Apartado 47552, Caracas 1041-A, Venezuela
| | | | - William B Karesh
- EcoHealth Alliance, 460 West 34th Street - Suite 1701, New York, New York, 10001, USA
| | - Peter Daszak
- EcoHealth Alliance, 460 West 34th Street - Suite 1701, New York, New York, 10001, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Uhart M, Thijl Vanstreels RE, Gallo L, Cook RA, Karesh WB. SEROLOGICAL SURVEY FOR SELECT INFECTIOUS AGENTS IN WILD MAGELLANIC PENGUINS ( SPHENISCUS MAGELLANICUS) IN ARGENTINA, 1994-2008. J Wildl Dis 2020; 56:66-81. [PMID: 31237822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Despite being the most numerous penguin species in South America, exposure of the Magellanic Penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus) to pathogens has not yet been thoroughly assessed. We collected serum from 1,058 Magellanic Penguins at 10 breeding colonies along the entire latitudinal range of this species in Argentina. The work spanned 10 breeding seasons over 15 yr (1994-2008). Sera were tested for antibodies to select infectious agents. Antibodies reacting against 16 pathogens were detected (seroprevalence): Aspergillus sp. (15.1%), Chlamydia psittaci (6.5%), Salmonella Pullorum (3.1%), Salmonella Typhimurium (81.3%), Aviadenovirus sp. (18.1%), Duck atadenovirus A (23.6%), Anatid herpesvirus 1 (0.7%), Avian orthoreovirus (3.3%), Avian coronavirus M41 (43.5%), Avian coronavirus C46 (59.8%), Avian coronavirus A99 (37.4%), Avian coronavirus JMK (40.2%), Tremovirus A (0.3%), Avian avulavirus 1 (44.0%), Avian avulavirus 2 (43.8%), and Avian avulavirus 3 (46.6%). No antibodies were detected against nine infectious agents: Gallid alphaherpesvirus 1, Gallid alphaherpesvirus 2, Infectious bursal disease virus, Avastrovirus 2, West Nile virus, Eastern equine encephalitis virus, Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, Western equine encephalitis virus, and Influenza A virus. While restricted by limitations inherent to serological methods, our results provide baseline knowledge for a key species in the South Atlantic Ocean. This information is valuable for adaptive conservation management in a time of increasing environmental stressors affecting the Patagonian Sea, one of the world's richest pelagic seabird communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Uhart
- One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Drive, VM3B, Davis, California 95616, USA
- Field Veterinary Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, 2300 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, New York 10460, USA
| | - Ralph Eric Thijl Vanstreels
- One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Drive, VM3B, Davis, California 95616, USA
- Instituto de Pesquisa e Reabilitação de Animais Marinhos, Rodovia BR-262 km 0, Jardim América, Cariacica, Espírito Santo, 29140-130, Brazil
| | - Luciana Gallo
- Instituto de Biología de Organismos Marinos, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Boulevard Brown 2915, Puerto Madryn, U9120ACD, Chubut, Argentina
| | - Robert A Cook
- Field Veterinary Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, 2300 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, New York 10460, USA
- Science Based Support Consulting, 28 Sassinoro Boulevard, Cortlandt Manor, New York 10567, USA
| | - William B Karesh
- Field Veterinary Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, 2300 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, New York 10460, USA
- EcoHealth Alliance, 460 W 34th Street, 17th Floor, New York, New York 10001, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kelly TR, Machalaba C, Karesh WB, Crook PZ, Gilardi K, Nziza J, Uhart MM, Robles EA, Saylors K, Joly DO, Monagin C, Mangombo PM, Kingebeni PM, Kazwala R, Wolking D, Smith W, Mazet JAK. Implementing One Health approaches to confront emerging and re-emerging zoonotic disease threats: lessons from PREDICT. One Health Outlook 2020; 2:1. [PMID: 33824944 PMCID: PMC7149069 DOI: 10.1186/s42522-019-0007-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Recurring outbreaks of emerging and re-emerging zoonoses, such as Ebola virus disease, avian influenza, and Nipah virus, serve as a reminder that the health of humans, animals, and the environment are interconnected and that early response to emerging zoonotic pathogens requires a coordinated, interdisciplinary, cross-sectoral approach. As our world becomes increasingly connected, emerging diseases pose a greater threat, requiring coordination at local, regional, and global levels. One Health is a multisectoral, transdisciplinary, and collaborative approach promoted to more effectively address these complex health threats. Despite strong advocacy for One Health, challenges for practical implementation remain. Here we discuss the value of the One Health approach for addressing global health challenges. We also share strategies applied to achieve successful outcomes through the USAID Emerging Pandemic Threats Program PREDICT project, which serve as useful case studies for implementing One Health approaches. Lastly, we explore methods for promoting more formal One Health implementation to capitalize on the added value of shared knowledge and leveraged resources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Terra R. Kelly
- One Health Institute, University of California, Davis, CA USA
| | | | | | | | - Kirsten Gilardi
- Gorilla Doctors, Mountain Gorilla Veterinary Project and Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center, University of California, Davis, CA USA
| | - Julius Nziza
- Gorilla Doctors, Mountain Gorilla Veterinary Project and Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center, University of California, Davis, CA USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Corina Monagin
- One Health Institute, University of California, Davis, CA USA
| | | | | | | | - David Wolking
- One Health Institute, University of California, Davis, CA USA
| | - Woutrina Smith
- One Health Institute, University of California, Davis, CA USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
McClure M, Machalaba C, Zambrana-Torrelio C, Feferholtz Y, Lee KD, Daszak P, Karesh WB. Incorporating Health Outcomes into Land-Use Planning. Ecohealth 2019; 16:627-637. [PMID: 31705335 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-019-01439-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The global trend toward increased agricultural production puts pressure on undeveloped areas, raising the question of how to optimally allocate land. Land-use change has recently been linked to a number of human health outcomes, but these are not routinely considered in land-use decision making. We review examples of planners' currently used strategies to evaluate land use and present a conceptual model of optimal land use that incorporates health outcomes. We then present a framework for evaluating the health outcomes of land-use scenarios that can be used by decision makers in an integrated approach to land-use planning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Max McClure
- EcoHealth Alliance, 460 West 34th Street 1701, New York, NY, 10001, USA
- Future Earth oneHEALTH International Project Office, New York, NY, USA
- Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Catherine Machalaba
- EcoHealth Alliance, 460 West 34th Street 1701, New York, NY, 10001, USA
- Future Earth oneHEALTH International Project Office, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carlos Zambrana-Torrelio
- EcoHealth Alliance, 460 West 34th Street 1701, New York, NY, 10001, USA
- Future Earth oneHEALTH International Project Office, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yasha Feferholtz
- EcoHealth Alliance, 460 West 34th Street 1701, New York, NY, 10001, USA
- Future Earth oneHEALTH International Project Office, New York, NY, USA
| | - Katherine D Lee
- EcoHealth Alliance, 460 West 34th Street 1701, New York, NY, 10001, USA
- University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
| | - Peter Daszak
- EcoHealth Alliance, 460 West 34th Street 1701, New York, NY, 10001, USA
- Future Earth oneHEALTH International Project Office, New York, NY, USA
| | - William B Karesh
- EcoHealth Alliance, 460 West 34th Street 1701, New York, NY, 10001, USA.
- Future Earth oneHEALTH International Project Office, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kuisma E, Olson SH, Cameron KN, Reed PE, Karesh WB, Ondzie AI, Akongo MJ, Kaba SD, Fischer RJ, Seifert SN, Muñoz-Fontela C, Becker-Ziaja B, Escudero-Pérez B, Goma-Nkoua C, Munster VJ, Mombouli JV. Correction to 'Long-term wildlife mortality surveillance in northern Congo: a model for the detection of Ebola virus disease epizootics'. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 374:20190658. [PMID: 31587634 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
|
24
|
Kuisma E, Olson SH, Cameron KN, Reed PE, Karesh WB, Ondzie AI, Akongo MJ, Kaba SD, Fischer RJ, Seifert SN, Muñoz-Fontela C, Becker-Ziaja B, Escudero-Pérez B, Goma-Nkoua C, Munster VJ, Mombouli JV. Long-term wildlife mortality surveillance in northern Congo: a model for the detection of Ebola virus disease epizootics. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 374:20180339. [PMID: 31401969 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2018.0339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ebolavirus (EBOV) has caused disease outbreaks taking thousands of lives, costing billions of dollars in control efforts and threatening great ape populations. EBOV ecology is not fully understood but infected wildlife and consumption of animal carcasses have been linked to human outbreaks, especially in the Congo Basin. Partnering with the Congolese Ministry of Health, we conducted wildlife mortality surveillance and educational outreach in the northern Republic of Congo (RoC). Designed for EBOV detection and to alert public health authorities, we established a low-cost wildlife mortality reporting network covering 50 000 km2. Simultaneously, we delivered educational outreach promoting behavioural change to over 6600 people in rural northern RoC. We achieved specimen collection by training project staff on a safe sampling protocol and equipping geographically distributed bases with sampling kits. We established in-country diagnostics for EBOV testing, reducing diagnostic turnaround time to 3 days and demonstrated the absence of EBOV in 58 carcasses. Central Africa remains a high-risk EBOV region, but RoC, home to the largest remaining populations of great apes, has not had an epidemic since 2005. This effort continues to function as an untested early warning system in RoC, where people and great apes have died from past Ebola virus disease outbreaks. This article is part of the theme issue 'Dynamic and integrative approaches to understanding pathogen spillover'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eeva Kuisma
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Wildlife Health Program, 151 Avenue du General de Gaulle, BP14537 Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | - Sarah H Olson
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Wildlife Health Program, 2300 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, New York, NY 10460, USA
| | - Kenneth N Cameron
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Wildlife Health Program, 2300 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, New York, NY 10460, USA
| | - Patricia E Reed
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Wildlife Health Program, 2300 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, New York, NY 10460, USA
| | - William B Karesh
- Health and Policy, EcoHealth Alliance, 460 West 34th Street, New York, NY 10001, USA
| | - Alain I Ondzie
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Wildlife Health Program, 151 Avenue du General de Gaulle, BP14537 Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | - Marc-Joël Akongo
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Wildlife Health Program, 151 Avenue du General de Gaulle, BP14537 Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | - Serge D Kaba
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Wildlife Health Program, 151 Avenue du General de Gaulle, BP14537 Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | - Robert J Fischer
- Laboratory of Virology, Virus Ecology Unit, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, 903s 4th street, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Stephanie N Seifert
- Laboratory of Virology, Virus Ecology Unit, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, 903s 4th street, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - César Muñoz-Fontela
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine and German Center for Infection Research DZIF, Bernhard Nocht Strasse 74, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Beatriz Escudero-Pérez
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine and German Center for Infection Research DZIF, Bernhard Nocht Strasse 74, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cynthia Goma-Nkoua
- Service d'Epidémiologie Moléculaire, Laboratoire National de Santé Publique, Avenue du General de Gaulle, BP120 Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | - Vincent J Munster
- Laboratory of Virology, Virus Ecology Unit, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, 903s 4th street, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Jean-Vivien Mombouli
- Service d'Epidémiologie Moléculaire, Laboratoire National de Santé Publique, Avenue du General de Gaulle, BP120 Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Smith KM, Machalaba CC, Seifman R, Feferholtz Y, Karesh WB. Infectious disease and economics: The case for considering multi-sectoral impacts. One Health 2019; 7:100080. [PMID: 30671528 PMCID: PMC6330263 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2018.100080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Beyond the public health impacts of regional or global emerging and endemic infectious disease events lay wider socioeconomic consequences that are often not considered in risk or impact assessments. With rapid and extensive international travel and trade, such events can elicit economic shock waves far beyond the realm of traditional health sectors and original geographical range of a pathogen. While private sector organizations are impacted indirectly by these disease events, they are under-recognized yet effective stakeholders that can provide critical information, resources, and key partnerships to public and private health systems in response to and in preparation for potential infectious disease events and their socioeconomic consequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Catherine C. Machalaba
- EcoHealth Alliance, 460 West 34th St, 1701, New York, NY 10001, USA
- City University of New York Graduate School of Public Health & Health Policy, 55 West 125th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Richard Seifman
- United Nations Association-National Capital Area, Washington, DC 20433, USA
| | - Yasha Feferholtz
- EcoHealth Alliance, 460 West 34th St, 1701, New York, NY 10001, USA
| | - William B. Karesh
- EcoHealth Alliance, 460 West 34th St, 1701, New York, NY 10001, USA
- Working Group on Wildlife, World Organisation for Animal Health, 12 Rue du Prony, Paris 75017, France
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Machalaba CC, Salerno RH, Barton Behravesh C, Benigno S, Berthe FCJ, Chungong S, Duale S, Echalar R, Karesh WB, Ormel HJ, Pelican K, Rahman M, Rasmuson M, Scribner S, Stratton J, Suryantoro L, Wannous C. Institutionalizing One Health: From Assessment to Action. Health Secur 2019; 16:S37-S43. [PMID: 30480500 DOI: 10.1089/hs.2018.0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A One Health approach is critical to strengthening health security at country, regional, and global levels. However, operationally its uptake remains limited. Recent momentum in assessing capacity to effectively prevent, detect, and respond to disease threats has resulted in identification of gaps that require dedicated action. This article highlights relevant tools, standards, and guidance to assist countries and institutions in meeting the collective vision articulated at the 2018 Prince Mahidol Award Conference on "Making the World Safe from the Threats of Emerging Infectious Diseases." Taking stock of assessment findings, resources, priorities, and implementation initiatives across human and animal health, environment and disaster risk reduction sectors can help expand participation in global health security, target risk drivers, and form synergies for collective action and shared gains for both emerging and endemic disease challenges. In addition to health security gains, a multisectoral, One Health approach can drive benefits for wider health sector and global development goals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine C Machalaba
- Catherine C. Machalaba, MPH, is a Policy Advisor, Health and Policy, EcoHealth Alliance, New York, NY
| | - Robert H Salerno
- Robert H. Salerno, MSc, is Technical Integration Manager, the USAID Preparedness & Response Project, DAI Global Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Casey Barton Behravesh
- Casey Barton Behravesh, MS, DVM, DrPH, DACVPM, is a Captain, US Public Health Service, and Director, One Health Office, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Solomon Benigno
- Solomon Benigno, DVM, is Southeast Asia Regional Director, the USAID Preparedness & Response Project, DAI Global Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Franck C J Berthe
- Franck C. J. Berthe, DVM, PhD, is Senior Livestock Specialist, Agriculture Global Practice, World Bank, Washington, DC
| | - Stella Chungong
- Stella Chungong, MD, MPH, is Chief, Core Capacity Assessment, Monitoring and Evaluation Unit, the World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sambe Duale
- Sambe Duale, MD, MPH, is Global Senior One Health Technical Advisor, the USAID Preparedness & Response Project, DAI Global Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ricardo Echalar
- Ricardo Echalar, MPH, is Senior Public Health Advisor, Office of Infectious Diseases, Emerging Threats Division, Bureau for Global Health, US Agency for International Development, Washington, DC
| | - William B Karesh
- William B. Karesh, DVM, is Executive Vice President, Health and Policy, EcoHealth Alliance, New York, NY
| | - Henk Jan Ormel
- Henk Jan Ormel, DVM, is Senior Veterinary Policy Advisor, Animal Health Service, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
| | - Katharine Pelican
- Katharine Pelican, DVM, PhD, is Associate Professor; Head, One Health Division; and Deputy Director and Principal Investigator, USAID One Health Workforce Project, Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, St. Paul, Minnesota
| | - Mahmudur Rahman
- Mahmudur Rahman, MBBS, MPHM, PhD, is a consultant, Programme for Emerging Infections, IDD, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mark Rasmuson
- Mark Rasmuson, MA, MPH, is Southeast Asia Regional Manager, the USAID Preparedness & Response Project, DAI Global Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Susan Scribner
- Susan Scribner, MPP, is Project Director, the USAID Preparedness & Response Project, DAI Global Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - John Stratton
- John Stratton, PhD, is Deputy Head, Regional Activities Department, World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), Paris, France
| | - Ludy Suryantoro
- Ludy Suryantoro is Team Leader, Strategic Partnership for IHR and Health Security, Country Health Emergency Preparedness and International Health Regulations (2005), the World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Chadia Wannous
- Chadia Wannous, PhD, is Coordinator, Towards a Safer World Network for Pandemic Preparedness, Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Eskew EA, Ross N, Zambrana-Torrelio C, Karesh WB. The CITES Trade Database is not a “global snapshot” of legal wildlife trade: Response to Can et al., 2019. Glob Ecol Conserv 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2019.e00631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
|
28
|
Gallo L, Vanstreels RET, Cook RA, Karesh WB, Uhart M. Hematology, plasma biochemistry, and trace element reference values for free-ranging adult Magellanic Penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus). Polar Biol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-019-02467-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
29
|
Msimang V, Thompson PN, Jansen van Vuren P, Tempia S, Cordel C, Kgaladi J, Khosa J, Burt FJ, Liang J, Rostal MK, Karesh WB, Paweska JT. Rift Valley Fever Virus Exposure amongst Farmers, Farm Workers, and Veterinary Professionals in Central South Africa. Viruses 2019; 11:v11020140. [PMID: 30736488 PMCID: PMC6409972 DOI: 10.3390/v11020140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a re-emerging arboviral disease of public health and veterinary importance in Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. Major RVF epidemics were documented in South Africa in 1950⁻1951, 1974⁻1975, and 2010⁻2011. The number of individuals infected during these outbreaks has, however, not been accurately estimated. A total of 823 people in close occupational contact with livestock were interviewed and sampled over a six-month period in 2015⁻2016 within a 40,000 km² study area encompassing parts of the Free State and Northern Cape provinces that were affected during the 2010⁻2011 outbreak. Seroprevalence of RVF virus (RVFV) was 9.1% (95% Confidence Interval (CI95%): 7.2⁻11.5%) in people working or residing on livestock or game farms and 8.0% in veterinary professionals. The highest seroprevalence (SP = 15.4%; CI95%: 11.4⁻20.3%) was detected in older age groups (≥40 years old) that had experienced more than one known large epidemic compared to the younger participants (SP = 4.3%; CI95%: 2.6⁻7.3%). The highest seroprevalence was in addition found in people who injected animals, collected blood samples (Odds ratio (OR) = 2.3; CI95%: 1.0⁻5.3), slaughtered animals (OR = 3.9; CI95%: 1.2⁻12.9) and consumed meat from an animal found dead (OR = 3.1; CI95%: 1.5⁻6.6), or worked on farms with dams for water storage (OR = 2.7; CI95%: 1.0⁻6.9). We estimated the number of historical RVFV infections of farm staff in the study area to be most likely 3849 and 95% credible interval between 2635 and 5374 based on seroprevalence of 9.1% and national census data. We conclude that human RVF cases were highly underdiagnosed and heterogeneously distributed. Improving precautions during injection, sample collection, slaughtering, and meat processing for consumption, and using personal protective equipment during outbreaks, could lower the risk of RVFV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veerle Msimang
- Epidemiology Section, Department of Animal Production Studies; Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa.
- Centre for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Sandringham 2192, South Africa.
| | - Peter N Thompson
- Epidemiology Section, Department of Animal Production Studies; Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa.
| | - Petrus Jansen van Vuren
- Centre for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Sandringham 2192, South Africa.
| | - Stefano Tempia
- MassGenics, Duluth, GA 30026, USA.
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Influenza Division and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30301, USA.
| | | | - Joe Kgaladi
- Centre for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Sandringham 2192, South Africa.
| | - Jimmy Khosa
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Sandringham 2192, South Africa.
| | - Felicity J Burt
- Division of Virology, National Health Laboratory Service and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa.
| | | | | | | | - Janusz T Paweska
- Centre for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Sandringham 2192, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ferreira SCM, Torelli F, Klein S, Fyumagwa R, Karesh WB, Hofer H, Seeber F, East ML. Evidence of high exposure to Toxoplasma gondii in free-ranging and captive African carnivores. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2018; 8:111-117. [PMID: 30740303 PMCID: PMC6356113 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is an ubiquitous intracellular protozoan parasite. Mammals and birds are intermediate hosts and felid species are definitive hosts. In most human altered habitats the domestic cat is the predominant definitive host. Current knowledge of T. gondii infection in African ecosystems is limited. This study aimed to assess exposure to T. gondii in wild carnivores in the Serengeti ecosystem in East Africa. Carnivores can be infected by the consumption of tissue cysts when feeding on infected animals and by incidental ingestion of oocysts from environmental contamination. Incidental ingestion should occur regardless of a species’ diet whereas the consumption of cysts should increase the chance of infection in carnivorous species. This predicts higher seropositivity in carnivorous than in insectivorous carnivores and lower seropositivity in juvenile carnivores with a long dependency on milk than in adults. We found high seropositivity in carnivorous species: 100% (15 of 15 samples) in adult African lions, 93% (38 of 41 samples) in adult spotted hyenas and one striped hyena sample was positive, whereas all four samples from the insectivorous bat-eared fox were negative. Juvenile hyenas (11 of 19 sera) had significantly lower seropositivity than adults (38 of 41 sera). Long-term monitoring of spotted hyenas revealed no significant difference in seropositivity between two periods (1988–1992 and 2000 to 2016). Identical results were produced in lion and hyena samples by a commercial multi-species ELISA (at serum dilution 1:10) and an in-house ELISA based on a recombinant T. gondii protein (at serum dilution 1:100), making the latter a useful alternative for small amounts of serum. We suggest that diet, age and lifetime range are factors determining seropositivity in carnivores in the Serengeti ecosystem and suggest that the role of small wild felids in the spread of T. gondii in the African ecosystem warrants investigation. Most Serengeti lions and spotted hyenas had anti-T. gondii antibodies. Spotted hyenas' seropositivity remains similar in two time periods across 28 years. The proportion of seropositive juvenile spotted hyenas was lower than in adults. No evidence of infection in 4 wild bat-eared foxes, which are insectivorous canids. An in-house ELISA permits the use of small amounts of serum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susana Carolina Martins Ferreira
- Department of Ecological Dynamics, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred Kowalke Straße 17, 10315, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Francesca Torelli
- Department of Mycotic and Parasitic Agents and Mycobacteria, Robert Koch-Institut, Seestraße 10, 13353, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Biology, Humboldt University Berlin, Invalidenstraße 110, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sandra Klein
- Department of Mycotic and Parasitic Agents and Mycobacteria, Robert Koch-Institut, Seestraße 10, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Fyumagwa
- Serengeti Wildlife Research Centre, Tanzania, Wildlife Research Institute, Arusha, United Republic of Tanzania, PO Box 661, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - William B Karesh
- Wildlife Conservation Society, 2300 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, NY, NY, 10460, USA.,Ecohealth Alliance, 460 West 34th Street - 17th Floor, New York, NY, 10001, USA
| | - Heribert Hofer
- Department of Ecological Dynamics, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred Kowalke Straße 17, 10315, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Seeber
- Department of Mycotic and Parasitic Agents and Mycobacteria, Robert Koch-Institut, Seestraße 10, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marion L East
- Department of Ecological Dynamics, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred Kowalke Straße 17, 10315, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Rostal MK, Liang JE, Zimmermann D, Bengis R, Paweska J, Karesh WB. Rift Valley Fever: Does Wildlife Play a Role? ILAR J 2018; 58:359-370. [PMID: 28985319 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilx023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rift Valley fever (RVF) virus (RVFV) is an emerging vector-borne pathogen that causes sporadic epizootics and epidemics with multi-year, apparently quiescent, inter-epidemic periods. The epidemiology and ecology of the virus during these inter-epidemic periods is poorly understood. There is evidence for low-level circulation of the virus in livestock and wild ruminants; however, as of yet there is no evidence to identify a specific mammalian reservoir host. Using a systematic approach, this review synthesizes results from serosurveys, attempts at viral detection, and experimental infection of wildlife. These data demonstrate there is a gap in research conducted on RVF in wild ruminants. Specifically, there is very little published data on the pathogenicity of an RVFV infection in various wildlife species, validation of diagnostic assays for exposure to RVFV and understanding of epizootic or endemic disease dynamics in wild ruminants. We recommend that future research on RVFV incorporate a more systematic approach to understand the low-level cycling of the virus during inter-epidemic periods in both wild and domestic ruminant species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melinda K Rostal
- Melinda K. Rostal, DVM, MPH, is a senior research scientist at EcoHealth Alliance in New York City, New York. Janice E. Liang is a research assistant at EcoHealth Alliance in New York City, New York. David Zimmermann, BVSc, MSc, is a veterinarian with South African National Parks in Kimberley, South Africa. Roy Bengis, BVSc, MSc, PhD, is a veterinarian who sits on the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) Working Group on Wildlife and in Port Alfred, South Africa. Janusz Paweska, Prof., DVSc, dr hab., is the head of the Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases at the National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service in Sandringham, South Africa. William B. Karesh is the Executive Vice President for Health and Policy at EcoHealth Alliance in New York City, New York
| | - Janice E Liang
- Melinda K. Rostal, DVM, MPH, is a senior research scientist at EcoHealth Alliance in New York City, New York. Janice E. Liang is a research assistant at EcoHealth Alliance in New York City, New York. David Zimmermann, BVSc, MSc, is a veterinarian with South African National Parks in Kimberley, South Africa. Roy Bengis, BVSc, MSc, PhD, is a veterinarian who sits on the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) Working Group on Wildlife and in Port Alfred, South Africa. Janusz Paweska, Prof., DVSc, dr hab., is the head of the Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases at the National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service in Sandringham, South Africa. William B. Karesh is the Executive Vice President for Health and Policy at EcoHealth Alliance in New York City, New York
| | - David Zimmermann
- Melinda K. Rostal, DVM, MPH, is a senior research scientist at EcoHealth Alliance in New York City, New York. Janice E. Liang is a research assistant at EcoHealth Alliance in New York City, New York. David Zimmermann, BVSc, MSc, is a veterinarian with South African National Parks in Kimberley, South Africa. Roy Bengis, BVSc, MSc, PhD, is a veterinarian who sits on the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) Working Group on Wildlife and in Port Alfred, South Africa. Janusz Paweska, Prof., DVSc, dr hab., is the head of the Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases at the National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service in Sandringham, South Africa. William B. Karesh is the Executive Vice President for Health and Policy at EcoHealth Alliance in New York City, New York
| | - Roy Bengis
- Melinda K. Rostal, DVM, MPH, is a senior research scientist at EcoHealth Alliance in New York City, New York. Janice E. Liang is a research assistant at EcoHealth Alliance in New York City, New York. David Zimmermann, BVSc, MSc, is a veterinarian with South African National Parks in Kimberley, South Africa. Roy Bengis, BVSc, MSc, PhD, is a veterinarian who sits on the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) Working Group on Wildlife and in Port Alfred, South Africa. Janusz Paweska, Prof., DVSc, dr hab., is the head of the Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases at the National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service in Sandringham, South Africa. William B. Karesh is the Executive Vice President for Health and Policy at EcoHealth Alliance in New York City, New York
| | - Janusz Paweska
- Melinda K. Rostal, DVM, MPH, is a senior research scientist at EcoHealth Alliance in New York City, New York. Janice E. Liang is a research assistant at EcoHealth Alliance in New York City, New York. David Zimmermann, BVSc, MSc, is a veterinarian with South African National Parks in Kimberley, South Africa. Roy Bengis, BVSc, MSc, PhD, is a veterinarian who sits on the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) Working Group on Wildlife and in Port Alfred, South Africa. Janusz Paweska, Prof., DVSc, dr hab., is the head of the Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases at the National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service in Sandringham, South Africa. William B. Karesh is the Executive Vice President for Health and Policy at EcoHealth Alliance in New York City, New York
| | - William B Karesh
- Melinda K. Rostal, DVM, MPH, is a senior research scientist at EcoHealth Alliance in New York City, New York. Janice E. Liang is a research assistant at EcoHealth Alliance in New York City, New York. David Zimmermann, BVSc, MSc, is a veterinarian with South African National Parks in Kimberley, South Africa. Roy Bengis, BVSc, MSc, PhD, is a veterinarian who sits on the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) Working Group on Wildlife and in Port Alfred, South Africa. Janusz Paweska, Prof., DVSc, dr hab., is the head of the Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases at the National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service in Sandringham, South Africa. William B. Karesh is the Executive Vice President for Health and Policy at EcoHealth Alliance in New York City, New York
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
Outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) seemingly appear without warning, severely exacerbating public and animal health burdens and spreading across borders. Since 1940, the rate of infectious disease emergence events has risen. Given the considerable economic and other societal costs associated with EIDs, understanding the specific drivers of these diseases and developing concrete measures to prevent and mitigate their spread is urgently needed in both health security and sustainable development discussions. Human modification of the environment serves as an underlying driver in EID risk: environmental change thus warrants consideration in surveillance and outbreak investigations to identify the origin of the disease and contribute to the development of effective actions to prevent, prepare for or reduce the risk of future events. Coordinated approaches to address the underlying and, in some cases, overlapping causes of both disease emergence and global environmental change may yield benefits for sustainable and healthy solutions to meet or reshape the demands of a growing global population and contribute to global health security.
Collapse
|
33
|
Huff AG, Allen T, Whiting K, Williams F, Hunter L, Gold Z, Madoff LC, Karesh WB. Biosurveillance: a systematic review of global infectious disease surveillance systems from 1900 to 2016. REV SCI TECH OIE 2018; 36:513-524. [PMID: 30152467 DOI: 10.20506/rst.36.2.2670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Biosurveillance is crucial to detect, identify and minimise the negative consequences of infectious disease. Its value to society and importance to global public health and global health security are growing. Despite the long history and global importance of biosurveillance, a systematic review of all existing biosurveillance systems across the 'One Health' spectrum has not yet been published. This study conducted a systematic review to identify all extant and defunct biosurveillance systems from 1900 to 2016. Of the 815 systems examined, the majority surveyed human, animal or plant data discretely. Some 105 collected human and animal data, whereas only 31 collected data on all three categories. The authors found a large increase in the number of global biosurveillance systems between 1900 and 2008, but a reduction in the number of biosurveillance systems from 2008 to the present. The number of syndromic systems created, versus laboratory-based biosurveillance systems, increased rapidly after 1980 across the globe.
Collapse
|
34
|
Brand RF, Rostal MK, Kemp A, Anyamba A, Zwiegers H, Van Huyssteen CW, Karesh WB, Paweska JT. A phytosociological analysis and description of wetland vegetation and ecological factors associated with locations of high mortality for the 2010-11 Rift Valley fever outbreak in South Africa. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191585. [PMID: 29462214 PMCID: PMC5819772 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Rift Valley fever (RVF) is endemic in Africa and parts of the Middle East. It is an emerging zoonotic disease threat to veterinary and public health. Outbreaks of the disease have severe socio-economic impacts. RVF virus emergence is closely associated with specific endorheic wetlands that are utilized by the virus' mosquito vectors. Limited botanical vegetation surveys had been published with regard to RVF virus (RVFV) ecology. We report on a phytosociological classification, analysis and description of wetland vegetation and related abiotic parameters to elucidate factors possibly associated with the 2010-2011 RVFV disease outbreak in South Africa. The study sites were located in the western Free State and adjacent Northern Cape covering an area of ~40,000 km2 with wetlands associated with high RVF mortality rates in livestock. Other study sites included areas where no RVF activity was reported during the 2010-11 RVF outbreak. A total of 129 plots (30 m2) were selected where a visible difference could be seen in the wetland and upland vegetation. The Braun-Blanquet method was used for plant sampling. Classification was done using modified Two-Way Indicator Species Analysis. The vegetation analysis resulted in the identification of eight plant communities, seven sub-communities and two variants. Indirect ordination was carried out using CANOCO to investigate the relationship between species and wetland ecology. The study also identified 5 categories of wetlands including anthropogenic wetlands. Locations of reported RVF cases overlapped sites characterized by high clay-content soils and specific wetland vegetation. These findings indicate ecological and environmental parameters that represent preferred breeding habitat for RVFV competent mosquito vectors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert F. Brand
- Cuyahoga County Board of Health, Parma, Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Botany, University of the Free State, Republic of South Africa
| | | | - Alan Kemp
- Centre for Emerging, Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Sandringham, South Africa
| | - Assaf Anyamba
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Biospheric Science Laboratory & Universities Space Research Association, Greenbelt, MD, United States of America
| | | | - Cornelius W. Van Huyssteen
- Soil- and Crop- and Climate Sciences Department, University of the Free State, Free State, Republic of South Africa
| | | | - Janusz T. Paweska
- Centre for Emerging, Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Sandringham, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Rostal MK, Ross N, Machalaba C, Cordel C, Paweska JT, Karesh WB. Benefits of a one health approach: An example using Rift Valley fever. One Health 2018; 5:34-36. [PMID: 29911162 PMCID: PMC6000896 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
One Health has been promoted by international institutions as a framework to improve public health outcomes. Despite strong overall interest in One Health, country-, local- and project-level implementation remains limited, likely due to the lack of pragmatic and tested operational methods for implementation and metrics for evaluation. Here we use Rift Valley fever virus as an example to demonstrate the value of using a One Health approach for both scientific and resources advantages. We demonstrate that coordinated, a priori investigations between One Health sectors can yield higher statistical power to elucidate important public health relationships as compared to siloed investigations and post-hoc analyses. Likewise, we demonstrate that across a project or multi-ministry health study a One Health approach can result in improved resource efficiency, with resultant cost-savings (35% in the presented case). The results of these analyses demonstrate that One Health approaches can be directly and tangibly applied to health investigations. Tangible benefits were seen with a One Health approach to health investigations. An a priori One Health investigation design can increase the statistical power. A 35% cost-savings was achieved through One Health resource efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melinda K Rostal
- EcoHealth Alliance, 460 W 34th St FL 17, New York, NY 10001, USA
| | - Noam Ross
- EcoHealth Alliance, 460 W 34th St FL 17, New York, NY 10001, USA
| | | | - Claudia Cordel
- ExecuVet (PTY) Ltd, 8 Roderick Crescent, Noordhoek, Bloemfontein, Free State, South Africa
| | - Janusz T Paweska
- Centre for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Modderfontein Road 1, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - William B Karesh
- EcoHealth Alliance, 460 W 34th St FL 17, New York, NY 10001, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Schar DL, Yamey GM, Machalaba CC, Karesh WB. A framework for stimulating economic investments to prevent emerging diseases. Bull World Health Organ 2017; 96:138-140. [PMID: 29403118 PMCID: PMC5791777 DOI: 10.2471/blt.17.199547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Schar
- United States Agency for International Development, Regional Development Mission for Asia, Athenee Tower, 25th Floor, 63 Wireless Road, Lumpini, Patumwan, 10330, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Gavin Mark Yamey
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, United States of America (USA)
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Machalaba C, Smith KM, Awada L, Berry K, Berthe F, Bouley TA, Bruce M, Cortiñas Abrahantes J, El Turabi A, Feferholtz Y, Flynn L, Fournié G, Andre A, Grace D, Jonas O, Kimani T, Le Gall F, Miranda JJ, Peyre M, Pinto J, Ross N, Rüegg SR, Salerno RH, Seifman R, Zambrana-Torrelio C, Karesh WB. One Health Economics to confront disease threats. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2017; 111:235-237. [PMID: 29044367 PMCID: PMC5914424 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trx039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Global economic impacts of epidemics suggest high return on investment in prevention and One Health capacity. However, such investments remain limited, contributing to persistent endemic diseases and vulnerability to emerging ones. An interdisciplinary workshop explored methods for country-level analysis of added value of One Health approaches to disease control. Key recommendations include: 1. systems thinking to identify risks and mitigation options for decision-making under uncertainty; 2. multisectoral economic impact assessment to identify wider relevance and possible resource-sharing, and 3. consistent integration of environmental considerations. Economic analysis offers a congruent measure of value complementing diverse impact metrics among sectors and contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lina Awada
- World Organisation for Animal Health, Paris 75017, France
| | - Kevin Berry
- Institute of Social and Economic Research, University of Alaska-Anchorage, Anchorage 99508, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Anas El Turabi
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge 02138, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Delia Grace
- International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi 00100, Kenya
| | - Olga Jonas
- Global Health Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge 02138, USA
| | - Tabitha Kimani
- Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases-Eastern Africa, Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | | | | | - Julio Pinto
- Animal Production and Health Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN, Rome 00153, Italy
| | - Noam Ross
- EcoHealth Alliance, New York 10001, USA
| | - Simon R Rüegg
- Section of Epidemiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich CH-8057, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - William B Karesh
- EcoHealth Alliance, New York 10001, USA
- World Organisation for Animal Health, Paris 75017, France
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
White AM, Zambrana-Torrelio C, Allen T, Rostal MK, Wright AK, Ball EC, Daszak P, Karesh WB. Hotspots of canine leptospirosis in the United States of America. Vet J 2017; 222:29-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
39
|
Smith KM, Zambrana-Torrelio C, White A, Asmussen M, Machalaba C, Kennedy S, Lopez K, Wolf TM, Daszak P, Travis DA, Karesh WB. Summarizing US Wildlife Trade with an Eye Toward Assessing the Risk of Infectious Disease Introduction. Ecohealth 2017; 14:29-39. [PMID: 28176029 PMCID: PMC5357285 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-017-1211-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize the role of the USA in the global exchange of wildlife and describe high volume trade with an eye toward prioritizing health risk assessment questions for further analysis. Here we summarize nearly 14 years (2000-2013) of the most comprehensive data available (USFWS LEMIS system), involving 11 billion individual specimens and an additional 977 million kilograms of wildlife. The majority of shipments contained mammals (27%), while the majority of specimens imported were shells (57%) and tropical fish (25%). Most imports were facilitated by the aquatic and pet industry, resulting in one-third of all shipments containing live animals. The importer reported origin of wildlife was 77.7% wild-caught and 17.7% captive-reared. Indonesia was the leading exporter of legal shipments, while Mexico was the leading source reported for illegal shipments. At the specimen level, China was the leading exporter of legal and illegal wildlife imports. The number of annual declared shipments doubled during the period examined, illustrating continually increasing demand, which reinforces the need to scale up capacity for border inspections, risk management protocols and disease surveillance. Most regulatory oversight of wildlife trade is aimed at conservation, rather than prevention of disease introduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K M Smith
- EcoHealth Alliance, 460 West 34th Street, New York, NY, 10001, USA
| | | | - A White
- EcoHealth Alliance, 460 West 34th Street, New York, NY, 10001, USA
| | - M Asmussen
- EcoHealth Alliance, 460 West 34th Street, New York, NY, 10001, USA
- Centro de Ecología, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Caracas, 1020-A, Venezuela
| | - C Machalaba
- EcoHealth Alliance, 460 West 34th Street, New York, NY, 10001, USA
| | - S Kennedy
- The Food System Institute, LLC and Veterinary Population Medicine Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - K Lopez
- Veterinary Population Medicine Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - T M Wolf
- Veterinary Population Medicine Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - P Daszak
- EcoHealth Alliance, 460 West 34th Street, New York, NY, 10001, USA
| | - D A Travis
- Veterinary Population Medicine Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - W B Karesh
- EcoHealth Alliance, 460 West 34th Street, New York, NY, 10001, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Smith KM, Machalaba CM, Jones H, Cáceres P, Popovic M, Olival KJ, Ben Jebara K, Karesh WB. Wildlife hosts for OIE-Listed diseases: considerations regarding global wildlife trade and host-pathogen relationships. Vet Med Sci 2017; 3:71-81. [PMID: 28713575 PMCID: PMC5488181 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The expanding international wildlife trade, combined with a lack of surveillance for key animal diseases in most countries, represents a potential pathway for transboundary disease movement. While the international wildlife trade represents over US $300 billion per year industry involving exchange of billions of individual animals, animal products, and plants as traditional medicines, meat from wild animals, trophies, live exotic pets, commercial products and food, surveillance and reporting of OIE‐Listed diseases in wildlife are often opportunistic. We reviewed peer‐reviewed literature for reports of 73 OIE‐Listed terrestrial animal diseases in wild animals and found 528 possible wild animal hosts using our methodology. Not all host–pathogen relationships indicate that a particular species serves an epidemiologically significant role in the transmission of disease, but improved reporting of infections in wild animals along with clinical and pathological findings would contribute to improved One Health risk assessments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hilary Jones
- EcoHealth AllianceNew YorkUSA.,Crown Heights Animal HospitalNew YorkUSA
| | - Paula Cáceres
- World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE)ParisFrance
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Baum SE, Machalaba C, Daszak P, Salerno RH, Karesh WB. Evaluating one health: Are we demonstrating effectiveness? One Health 2016; 3:5-10. [PMID: 28616496 PMCID: PMC5458598 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The perceived benefits of a One Health approach are largely hinged on increasing public health efficiency and cost effectiveness through a better understanding of disease risk-through shared control and detection efforts, and results that benefit human, animal and ecosystem health. However, there have been few efforts to identify and systematize One Health metrics to assess these perceived efficiencies. Though emphasis on the evaluation of One Health has increased, widely cited benefits of One Health approaches have mainly been based on modeled projections, rather than outcomes of implemented interventions. We conducted a review of One Health literature to determine the current status of One Health frameworks and case studies reporting One Health metrics. Of 1839 unique papers, only 7 reported quantitative outcomes; these assessments did not follow shared methodology and several reviewed only intermediate outcomes. For others, the effectiveness of One Health approaches was often assumed without supporting evidence or determined subjectively. The absence of a standardized framework to capture metrics across disciplines, even in a generic format, may hinder the more widespread adoption of One Health among stakeholders. We review possible outcome metrics suitable for the future evaluation of One Health, noting the relevance of cost outcomes to the three main disciplines associated with One Health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Baum
- EcoHealth Alliance, New York, NY, United States
- Barnard College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Catherine Machalaba
- EcoHealth Alliance, New York, NY, United States
- City University of New York School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States
| | | | | | - William B. Karesh
- EcoHealth Alliance, New York, NY, United States
- Corresponding author at: 460 West 34th St, 17th Floor, New York, NY 10001, United States.460 West 34th St, 17th FloorNew YorkNY10001United States
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Affiliation(s)
- William B Karesh
- IUCN SSC Wildlife Health Specialist Group, Rue Mauverney 28, 1196, Gland, Switzerland.
- EcoHealth Alliance, 460 West 34th St, 1701, New York, NY, USA.
- World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), 12 rue du Prony, Paris, 75017, France.
| | - Richard Kock
- IUCN SSC Wildlife Health Specialist Group, Rue Mauverney 28, 1196, Gland, Switzerland
- The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Catherine C Machalaba
- IUCN SSC Wildlife Health Specialist Group, Rue Mauverney 28, 1196, Gland, Switzerland
- EcoHealth Alliance, 460 West 34th St, 1701, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Richardson J, Lockhart C, Pongolini S, Karesh WB, Baylis M, Goldberg T, Slingenbergh J, Gale P, Venturini T, Catchpole M, de Balogh K, Pautasso M, Broglia A, Berthe F, Schans J, Poppy G. Drivers for emerging issues in animal and plant health. EFSA J 2016; 14:e00512. [PMID: 32313573 PMCID: PMC7163467 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2016.s0512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The history of agriculture includes many animal and plant disease events that have had major consequences for the sector, as well as for humans. At the same time, human activities beyond agriculture have often driven the emergence of diseases. The more that humans expand the footprint of the global population, encroach into natural habitats, alter these habitats to extract resources and intensify food production, as well as move animals, people and commodities along with the pathogens they carry, the greater the potential for pathogens and pests to spread and for infection to emerge or re-emerge. While essential to human well-being, producing food also plays a major role in disease dynamics. The risk of emergence of pests and pathogens has increased as a consequence of global changes in the way food is produced, moved and consumed. Climate change is likely to increase pressure on the availability of food and provide newly suitable conditions for invasive pests and pathogens. Human population displacements due to economic, political and humanitarian crises represent another set of potential drivers for emerging issues. The overlapping drivers of plant, animal and human disease emergence and environmental changes point towards the concept of 'One Health'. This paradigm underlines the urgent need to understand the influence of human behaviour and incorporate this understanding into our approach to emerging risks. For this, we face two major challenges. One is cultural; the second is methodological. We have to look at systems not under the narrow view of specific hazards but with a wider approach to system dynamics, and consider a broad spectrum of potential outcomes in terms of risk. In addition, we have to make sense of the vast amounts of data that are available in the modern age. This paper aims to help in preparing for the cultural and methodological shifts needed in our approach to emerging risks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Caryl Lockhart
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) Italy
| | - Stefano Pongolini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Paul Gale
- Department of Epidemiological Sciences, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA) UK
| | | | - Mike Catchpole
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | - Jan Schans
- Netherlands Plant Protection Service (NVWA) the Netherlands
| | - Guy Poppy
- Food Standards Agency and University of Southampton UK
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Cameron KN, Reed P, Morgan DB, Ondzié AI, Sanz CM, Kühl HS, Olson SH, Leroy E, Karesh WB, Mundry R. Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of a Mortality Event among Central African Great Apes. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154505. [PMID: 27192424 PMCID: PMC4871434 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2006-2007 we observed an unusual mortality event among apes in northern Republic of Congo that, although not diagnostically confirmed, we believe to have been a disease outbreak. In 2007-2011 we conducted ape nest surveys in the region, recording 11,835 G. g. gorilla nests (2,262 groups) and 5,548 P. t. troglodytes nests (2,139 groups). We developed a statistical model to determine likely points of origin of the outbreak to help identify variables associated with disease emergence and spread. We modeled disease spread across the study area, using suitable habitat conditions for apes as proxy for local ape densities. Infectious status outputs from that spread model were then used alongside vegetation, temperature, precipitation and human impact factors as explanatory variables in a Generalized Linear Model framework to explain observed 2007-2011 ape nest trends in the region. The best models predicted emergence in the western region of Odzala-Kokoua National Park and north of the last confirmed Ebola virus disease epizootics. Roads were consistently associated with attenuation of modeled virus spread. As disease is amongst the leading threats to great apes, gaining a better understanding of disease transmission dynamics in these species is imperative. Identifying ecological drivers underpinning a disease emergence event and transmission dynamics in apes is critical to creating better predictive models to guide wildlife management, develop potential protective measures for wildlife and to reduce potential zoonotic transmission to humans. The results of our model represent an important step in understanding variables related to great ape disease ecology in Central Africa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth N. Cameron
- Wildlife Health & Health Policy Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Patricia Reed
- Wildlife Health & Health Policy Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - David B. Morgan
- Global Conservation Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Lester E. Fisher Center for the Study and Conservation of Apes, Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Alain I. Ondzié
- Wildlife Health & Health Policy Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Crickette M. Sanz
- Lester E. Fisher Center for the Study and Conservation of Apes, Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Anthropology, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Hjalmar S. Kühl
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Department of Primatology, Leipzig, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Leipzig-Jena, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sarah H. Olson
- Wildlife Health & Health Policy Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Center for Sustainability and the Global Environment (SAGE), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Eric Leroy
- Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, Institut de Recherches pour le Développement, Franceville, Gabon
| | - William B. Karesh
- Wildlife Health & Health Policy Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Roger Mundry
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Department of Primatology, Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Greatorex ZF, Olson SH, Singhalath S, Silithammavong S, Khammavong K, Fine AE, Weisman W, Douangngeun B, Theppangna W, Keatts L, Gilbert M, Karesh WB, Hansel T, Zimicki S, O’Rourke K, Joly DO, Mazet JAK. Wildlife Trade and Human Health in Lao PDR: An Assessment of the Zoonotic Disease Risk in Markets. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150666. [PMID: 27008628 PMCID: PMC4805265 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the majority of emerging infectious diseases can be linked to wildlife sources, most pathogen spillover events to people could likely be avoided if transmission was better understood and practices adjusted to mitigate risk. Wildlife trade can facilitate zoonotic disease transmission and represents a threat to human health and economies in Asia, highlighted by the 2003 SARS coronavirus outbreak, where a Chinese wildlife market facilitated pathogen transmission. Additionally, wildlife trade poses a serious threat to biodiversity. Therefore, the combined impacts of Asian wildlife trade, sometimes termed bush meat trade, on public health and biodiversity need assessing. From 2010 to 2013, observational data were collected in Lao PDR from markets selling wildlife, including information on volume, form, species and price of wildlife; market biosafety and visitor origin. The potential for traded wildlife to host zoonotic diseases that pose a serious threat to human health was then evaluated at seven markets identified as having high volumes of trade. At the seven markets, during 21 observational surveys, 1,937 alive or fresh dead mammals (approximately 1,009 kg) were observed for sale, including mammals from 12 taxonomic families previously documented to be capable of hosting 36 zoonotic pathogens. In these seven markets, the combination of high wildlife volumes, high risk taxa for zoonoses and poor biosafety increases the potential for pathogen presence and transmission. To examine the potential conservation impact of trade in markets, we assessed the status of 33,752 animals observed during 375 visits to 93 markets, under the Lao PDR Wildlife and Aquatic Law. We observed 6,452 animals listed by Lao PDR as near extinct or threatened with extinction. The combined risks of wildlife trade in Lao PDR to human health and biodiversity highlight the need for a multi-sector approach to effectively protect public health, economic interests and biodiversity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zoe F. Greatorex
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Wildlife Health & Health Policy Program, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ZFG); (SHO)
| | - Sarah H. Olson
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Wildlife Health & Health Policy Program, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Center for Sustainability and the Global Environment, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ZFG); (SHO)
| | - Sinpakone Singhalath
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Wildlife Health & Health Policy Program, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Soubanh Silithammavong
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Wildlife Health & Health Policy Program, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Kongsy Khammavong
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Wildlife Health & Health Policy Program, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Amanda E. Fine
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Wildlife Health & Health Policy Program, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Wendy Weisman
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Wildlife Health & Health Policy Program, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Bounlom Douangngeun
- National Animal Health Laboratory, Department of Livestock and Fisheries, Vientiane, Lao PDR
| | - Watthana Theppangna
- National Animal Health Laboratory, Department of Livestock and Fisheries, Vientiane, Lao PDR
| | - Lucy Keatts
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Wildlife Health & Health Policy Program, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Martin Gilbert
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Wildlife Health & Health Policy Program, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - William B. Karesh
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Wildlife Health & Health Policy Program, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Troy Hansel
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Wildlife Health & Health Policy Program, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Susan Zimicki
- FHI360, Washington, District of Colombia, United States of America
| | | | - Damien O. Joly
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Wildlife Health & Health Policy Program, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Jonna A. K. Mazet
- One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Machalaba CC, Elwood SE, Forcella S, Smith KM, Hamilton K, Jebara KB, Swayne DE, Webby RJ, Mumford E, Mazet JAK, Gaidet N, Daszak P, Karesh WB. Global avian influenza surveillance in wild birds: a strategy to capture viral diversity. Emerg Infect Dis 2015; 21:e1-7. [PMID: 25811221 PMCID: PMC4378471 DOI: 10.3201/eid2104.141415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild birds play a major role in the evolution, maintenance, and spread of avian influenza viruses. However, surveillance for these viruses in wild birds is sporadic, geographically biased, and often limited to the last outbreak virus. To identify opportunities to optimize wild bird surveillance for understanding viral diversity, we reviewed responses to a World Organisation for Animal Health–administered survey, government reports to this organization, articles on Web of Knowledge, and the Influenza Research Database. At least 119 countries conducted avian influenza virus surveillance in wild birds during 2008–2013, but coordination and standardization was lacking among surveillance efforts, and most focused on limited subsets of influenza viruses. Given high financial and public health burdens of recent avian influenza outbreaks, we call for sustained, cost-effective investments in locations with high avian influenza diversity in wild birds and efforts to promote standardized sampling, testing, and reporting methods, including full-genome sequencing and sharing of isolates with the scientific community.
Collapse
|
47
|
Machalaba CC, Daszak P, Karesh WB, Shrivastava P. Future Earth and EcoHealth: A New Paradigm Toward Global Sustainability and Health. Ecohealth 2015; 12:553-554. [PMID: 26631383 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-015-1076-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine C Machalaba
- Future Earth ecoHEALTH Project, c/o EcoHealth Alliance, 460 West 34th Street, 1701, New York, NY, 10001, USA.
| | - Peter Daszak
- Future Earth ecoHEALTH Project, c/o EcoHealth Alliance, 460 West 34th Street, 1701, New York, NY, 10001, USA
| | - William B Karesh
- Future Earth ecoHEALTH Project, c/o EcoHealth Alliance, 460 West 34th Street, 1701, New York, NY, 10001, USA
| | - Paul Shrivastava
- Future Earth, Suite 1020, 1250 Guy Street, Montreal, Quebec, H3H 2T4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Seimon TA, Olson SH, Lee KJ, Rosen G, Ondzie A, Cameron K, Reed P, Anthony SJ, Joly DO, Karesh WB, McAloose D, Lipkin WI. Correction: Adenovirus and Herpesvirus Diversity in Free-Ranging Great Apes in the Sangha Region of the Republic of Congo. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142766. [PMID: 26556608 PMCID: PMC4640535 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
|
49
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Climate change has myriad implications for the health of humans, our ecosystems, and the ecological processes that sustain them. Projections of rising greenhouse gas emissions suggest increasing direct and indirect burden of infectious and noninfectious disease, effects on food and water security, and other societal disruptions. As the effects of climate change cannot be isolated from social and ecological determinants of disease that will mitigate or exacerbate forecasted health outcomes, multidisciplinary collaboration is critically needed. OBJECTIVES The aim of this article was to review the links between climate change and its upstream drivers (ie, processes leading to greenhouse gas emissions) and health outcomes, and identify existing opportunities to leverage more integrated global health and climate actions to prevent, prepare for, and respond to anthropogenic pressures. METHODS We conducted a literature review of current and projected health outcomes associated with climate change, drawing on findings and our collective expertise to review opportunities for adaptation and mitigation across disciplines. FINDINGS Health outcomes related to climate change affect a wide range of stakeholders, providing ready collaborative opportunities for interventions, which can be differentiated by addressing the upstream drivers leading to climate change or the downstream effects of climate change itself. CONCLUSIONS Although health professionals are challenged with risks from climate change and its drivers, the adverse health outcomes cannot be resolved by the public health community alone. A phase change in global health is needed to move from a passive responder in partnership with other societal sectors to drive innovative alternatives. It is essential for global health to step outside of its traditional boundaries to engage with other stakeholders to develop policy and practical solutions to mitigate disease burden of climate change and its drivers; this will also yield compound benefits that help address other health, environmental, and societal challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Machalaba
- EcoHealth Alliance, New York, NY; Future Earth ecoHEALTH project, New York, NY; City University of New York School of Public Health, New York, NY
| | | | - Peter Stoett
- Loyola Sustainability Research Centre, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | | | - Peter Daszak
- EcoHealth Alliance, New York, NY; Future Earth ecoHEALTH project, New York, NY
| | - William B Karesh
- EcoHealth Alliance, New York, NY; Future Earth ecoHEALTH project, New York, NY.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
The One Health concept is responsible for a shift towards practices, policies and partnerships that better link the health of people, animals and our shared environments. The papers in this issue of the World Organisation for Animal Health Scientific and Technical Review illustrate a myriad of ways in which a One Health approach could advance or has already advanced human and animal well-being. Independently, the authors conducted their own thematic analysis of One Health activities and found strong support for the notion that One Health has inspired a renaissance in veterinary public health, increased our basic knowledge of the mechanisms and natural history of many animal diseases, promoted systems approaches to health issues and encouraged stronger cross-sectoral collaboration. Unfortunately, many collaborations often end when funding ends and many remain distinct partnerships. One Health still suffers from a lack of strong environmental stakeholders and has mostly worked on infectious disease rather than addressing many of the pressing determinants of health that will confront us in the next century. There is no shared conception of health across veterinary, medical and environment sectors, and this is an issue that must be confronted if there are to be programmes that are truly integrated across people, animals and the environment.
Collapse
|