1
|
Chamorro R, Farías R, Allende P, Acuña M, Cáceres P, Gómez F, Ortiz A, Tapia D, Farías C, Valenzuela R. Effect of a pescetarian and vegan diet on fatty acid composition in blood and spermatozoa in young healthy men. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2023; 196:102582. [PMID: 37544056 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2023.102582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is a growing interest in vegetarian and vegan diets, but both can potentially affect tissue fatty acids (FA) composition. We aimed to evaluate the effect of vegetarian diets on plasma, erythrocytes, and sperm n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) status in healthy young men. METHODS Four groups were studied: i) men consuming a regular omnivore diet (OMV-1, n = 35); ii) men consuming an omnivore diet but excluding fish and seafood (OMV-2, n = 34); iii) men consuming a pescetarian diet (including dairy, eggs, fish, and seafood) (PESC, n = 36); and iv) men following a strict vegan diet (VEG, n = 35). Participants in each group should follow their diet for at least the previous 12 months. Diet evaluation used a structured validated food frequency questionnaire. FA composition was measured in plasma, erythrocyte phospho-lipids, and spermatozoa by gas-liquid chromatography, expressed as a mole percentage of the total FA content. RESULTS Main findings showed higher alpha-linolenic fatty acid (ALA) and total n-3 PUFA dietary intake in the VEG group. In plasma, arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acids were higher in OMV and PESC groups, whereas docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) level was lower in VEG. Higher ALA, but reduced DHA and total n-3 PUFA levels were found in erythrocytes and spermatozoa in the VEG group. CONCLUSION Higher dietary ALA intake was found in pescetarians and vegan men. However, the higher ALA intake was not reflected in higher DHA content in the evaluated tissues. PUFA assessment, with particular emphasis in DHA, are necessary to improve PUFA status in vegan men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Chamorro
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rut Farías
- Nutrition and Dietetic School, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paulina Allende
- Nutrition and Dietetic School, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mariana Acuña
- Nutrition and Dietetic School, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paula Cáceres
- Nutrition and Dietetic School, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernanda Gómez
- Nutrition and Dietetic School, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Abigail Ortiz
- Nutrition and Dietetic School, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Tapia
- Nutrition and Dietetic School, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Camila Farías
- Nutrition and Dietetics School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Maule, Curicó, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Valenzuela
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Vides-Porras A, Cáceres P, Company A, Guillen O, Arrien MA, Castellano Y, Margalef M, Yantuche W, Fernández E, Martínez C. Gaining insight into the implementation of an e-learning smoking cessation course in Latin American countries. Health Promot Int 2021; 36:349-362. [PMID: 32594125 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daaa054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Continuous medical education focused on health problems emerging in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is scarce. Although tobacco consumption is increasing in LMICs, there is a lack of tobacco cessation training programs in these countries. To promote smoking cessation interventions in Bolivia, Guatemala and Paraguay, we adapted an e-learning program developed in Catalonia (Spain). This process evaluation study reports on reach, dose and satisfaction of participants with the course, as well as the contextual factors of its application. We conducted a multiple method evaluation, which included a survey and several focus groups, each one specific to the same type of healthcare professional (nurses, doctors, other professionals). Two hundred and ninety-two participants registered into the online course. The motivation for undertaking the course was different between doctors and nurses. The main sources of difficulty in enrolling and finishing the course were the technical problems experienced when accessing the platform, and lack of acquaintance with computers and the Internet in general. Our results show that implementing e-learning education in hospitals from LMICs is feasible, especially when there are similarities between participating countries and the country in which the original program was developed. However, several elements such as strong organizational commitment, technical support and resources and adequate communication channels should be provided to facilitate enrollment and training completion. Efforts to improve Internet access should be made to avoid jeopardizing students' motivation to enroll and complete online training.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Vides-Porras
- School of Social Sciences, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, 18 Av. 11-95 zona 15 Vista Hermosa III, Guatemala 01015, Guatemala
| | - Paula Cáceres
- Radiation Oncology Department, Instituto de Cancerología y Hospital Dr. Bernardo del Valle S., 6 Av 6-58 Z-11, Guatemala
| | - Assumpta Company
- E-oncologia Unit, Institut Català d'Oncologia-ICO, Av. Granvia de L'Hospitalet 199-203, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga Guillen
- E-oncologia Unit, Institut Català d'Oncologia-ICO, Av. Granvia de L'Hospitalet 199-203, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martha Alicia Arrien
- Instituto Oncologico del Oriente Boliviano de Santa Cruz de la Sierra Av. Marcelo Terceros Bánzer, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia
| | - Yolanda Castellano
- Tobacco Control Unit, Cancer Control and Prevention Programme, Institut Català d'Oncologia-ICO 08907.,Cancer Control and Prevention Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Av. Granvia de L'Hospitalet 199-203, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Margalef
- Tobacco Control Unit, Cancer Control and Prevention Programme, Institut Català d'Oncologia-ICO 08907.,Cancer Control and Prevention Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Av. Granvia de L'Hospitalet 199-203, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Wendy Yantuche
- Oncologic Surgery, Instituto de Cancerología y Hospital Dr. Bernardo del Valle S, Guatemala
| | - Esteve Fernández
- Tobacco Control Unit, Cancer Control and Prevention Programme, Institut Català d'Oncologia-ICO 08907.,Cancer Control and Prevention Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Av. Granvia de L'Hospitalet 199-203, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, C. Feixa llarga s/n, 08907.,Consortium for Biomedical Research in Respirarory Diseases (CIBER en Enfermedades Respiratorias, CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Martínez
- Tobacco Control Unit, Cancer Control and Prevention Programme, Institut Català d'Oncologia-ICO 08907.,Cancer Control and Prevention Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Av. Granvia de L'Hospitalet 199-203, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Consortium for Biomedical Research in Respirarory Diseases (CIBER en Enfermedades Respiratorias, CIBERES), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Nursing: Public Health, Mental Health and Maternal and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California San Francisco, 3333 California St., Ste. 265, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cárdenas L, Awada L, Tizzani P, Cáceres P, Casal J. Characterization and evolution of countries affected by bovine brucellosis (1996-2014). Transbound Emerg Dis 2019; 66:1280-1290. [PMID: 30739391 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the global distribution and temporal evolution of bovine brucellosis due to Brucella abortus during a 19-year period (1996-2014) using the information officially reported to the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) by veterinary services of 156 countries. Variables that can influence the health status of bovine brucellosis (i.e., year, per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP), continent and bovine population) were also analysed. Countries were classified into three categories of health situations: ENZOOTIC: countries infected, which may have been free of brucellosis but for periods of fewer than 3 years; NON-ENZOOTIC: countries where the disease was present but that had at least a 3-year period without the disease; and FREE: countries where the disease remained absent during the whole period. The countries free from bovine brucellosis, or in the process of eradication, were located in Oceania and Europe, while the more affected regions were Central and South America, Africa and parts of Asia. Among the Non-Enzootic countries, the results showed that a very high proportion managed to control the disease during the period of study, with a sharp decline in the percentage of infected countries from 71% in 1996 to 10% in 2014. Among the Enzootic countries, a much smaller proportion managed to control the disease, with a slight drop in the percentage of infected countries from 92% in 1996 to 80% in 2014. A relationship was found between the status of the disease and the availability of economic resources; thus, countries with a high GDP per capita tended to be free from bovine brucellosis. On the other hand, countries with a larger bovine population showed a greater probability to have the disease present. An increase in surveillance programmes and implementation of control policies were observed during the period of study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Cárdenas
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain.,Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA) - Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lina Awada
- World Animal Health Information and Analysis Department, World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), Paris, France
| | - Paolo Tizzani
- World Animal Health Information and Analysis Department, World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), Paris, France
| | - Paula Cáceres
- World Animal Health Information and Analysis Department, World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), Paris, France
| | - Jordi Casal
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain.,Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA) - Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Martínez C, Castellano Y, Company A, Guillen O, Margalef M, Alicia Arrien M, Sánchez C, Cáceres P, Barnoya J, Fernández E, study project TGOHC. Impact of an online training program in hospital workers’ smoking cessation interventions in Bolivia, Guatemala and Paraguay. Tob Prev Cessat 2018. [DOI: 10.18332/tpc/90474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
5
|
Martínez C, Castellano Y, Company A, Guillen O, Margalef M, Alicia Arrien M, Sánchez C, Cáceres P, Barnoya J, Fernández E. Impact of an online training program in hospital workers’ smoking cessation interventions in Bolivia, Guatemala and Paraguay. Gaceta Sanitaria 2018; 32:236-243. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2017.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
6
|
Martínez C, Company A, Guillen O, Margalef M, Arrien M, Sánchez C, Cáceres P, Fernandez E. Assessing the adaptation and implementation fidelity of an Online Tobacco Cessation Training Program for Healthcare Professionals in three Spanish-speaking Latin American countries: The Fruitful Study. Tob Prev Cessat 2017. [DOI: 10.18332/tpc/70832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
7
|
Smith KM, Machalaba CM, Jones H, Cáceres P, Popovic M, Olival KJ, Ben Jebara K, Karesh WB. Wildlife hosts for OIE-Listed diseases: considerations regarding global wildlife trade and host-pathogen relationships. Vet Med Sci 2017; 3:71-81. [PMID: 28713575 PMCID: PMC5488181 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The expanding international wildlife trade, combined with a lack of surveillance for key animal diseases in most countries, represents a potential pathway for transboundary disease movement. While the international wildlife trade represents over US $300 billion per year industry involving exchange of billions of individual animals, animal products, and plants as traditional medicines, meat from wild animals, trophies, live exotic pets, commercial products and food, surveillance and reporting of OIE‐Listed diseases in wildlife are often opportunistic. We reviewed peer‐reviewed literature for reports of 73 OIE‐Listed terrestrial animal diseases in wild animals and found 528 possible wild animal hosts using our methodology. Not all host–pathogen relationships indicate that a particular species serves an epidemiologically significant role in the transmission of disease, but improved reporting of infections in wild animals along with clinical and pathological findings would contribute to improved One Health risk assessments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hilary Jones
- EcoHealth AllianceNew YorkUSA.,Crown Heights Animal HospitalNew YorkUSA
| | - Paula Cáceres
- World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE)ParisFrance
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cáceres P, Zenón ME, Laferrère L, Coghlan E, Nadales A. [Abdominal pain, vomits and weight loss]. Acta Gastroenterol Latinoam 2013; 43:86-180. [PMID: 23940905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P Cáceres
- Servicio de Gastroenterología y Endoscopía Digestiva, Hospital Universitario Austral Pilar, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jebara KB, Cáceres P, Berlingieri F, Weber-Vintzel L. Ten years' work on the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) Worldwide Animal Disease Notification System. Prev Vet Med 2012; 107:149-59. [PMID: 22947122 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2012.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Revised: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This article gives an overview of the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) Worldwide Animal Disease Notification System and highlights the major achievements during the past decade. It describes the different types of disease notification reports received and processed by the OIE. It also evaluates the three strategies implemented by the OIE in the recent years aimed at improving disease notification: introduction and use of a secure online notification system World Animal Health Information System (WAHIS) and its database interface World Animal Health Information Database (WAHID); implementation of active search and verification procedures for non-official information; and enhanced building of capacity for animal disease notification to the OIE by Members Countries. The improvements are evidenced by the increasing number of reports submitted on an annual basis and the reduction in submission time together with an improvement in the quality and quantity of the immediate notifications and follow-up reports, six-monthly and annual reports submitted by Veterinary Authorities. In the recent years, the OIE's notification system provides an early warning system more sensitive and global. Consequently, there is a greater knowledge of animal diseases' distribution worldwide. As a result, it is possible to ensure better prevention, more accurate risk assessment and evaluation by diminishing the spread of known or newly emerging pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karim Ben Jebara
- Animal Health Information Department, World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), 12 rue de Prony, 75017 Paris, France.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cáceres P, Zamora J. EP-1257 PALLIATIVE RADIOTHERAPY IN THE TREATMENT OF GASTRIC AND GASTROESOPHAGIC UNION CANCER. Radiother Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(12)71590-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
11
|
Crespo N, Manghi D, García G, Cáceres P. [Attention deficit and understanding of non-literal meanings: the interpretation of indirect speech acts and idioms]. Rev Neurol 2007; 44:75-80. [PMID: 17236145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
AIM To report on the oral comprehension of the non-literal meanings of indirect speech acts and idioms in everyday speech by children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). SUBJECTS AND METHODS The subjects in this study consisted of a sample of 29 Chilean schoolchildren aged between 6 and 13 with ADHD and a control group of children without ADHD sharing similar socio-demographic characteristics. A quantitative method was utilised: comprehension was measured individually by means of an interactive instrument. The children listened to a dialogue taken from a cartoon series that included indirect speech acts and idioms and they had to choose one of the three options they were given: literal, non-literal or distracter. RESULTS The children without ADHD identified the non-literal meaning more often, especially in idioms. Likewise, it should be pointed out that whereas the children without ADHD increased their scores as their ages went up, those with ADHD remained at the same point. CONCLUSIONS ADHD not only interferes in the inferential comprehension of non-literal meanings but also inhibits the development of this skill in subjects affected by it.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Crespo
- Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Valparaiso, Valparaiso, Chile.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Albanell E, Cáceres P, Caja G, Molina E, Gargouri A. Determination of fat, protein, and total solids in ovine milk by near-infrared spectroscopy. J AOAC Int 1999; 82:753-8. [PMID: 10367392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Analysis by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was investigated as a means of predicting quality parameters of ovine milk. Calibration equations were developed with samples of ovine milk obtained from a flock of Manchega and Lacaune dairy ewes at different stages of lactation for a wide variation in milk composition. Prediction equations for milk protein, fat, and total solids content were developed by use of reflection or transflection methods to measure absorbance values. Accuracies of measurements were compared. R2 (squared multiple correlation coefficient) values were satisfactory in most cases. The highest R2 value for milk protein content (0.92) was obtained in transflectance mode with unhomogenized milk. The highest R2 values for fat (0.99) and total solids (0.98-0.96) content were obtained in both a transflectance mode without sample conditioning and in a transflectance mode with milk homogenized at 40 degrees C. To validate the calibration, an independent set of 40 milk samples was used. The best r2 (simple correlation coefficient) values for protein, fat, and total solids were 0.92, 0.97, and 0.92, respectively. The study showed that NIRS is a potentially useful technique for evaluating the composition of unhomogenized ovine milk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Albanell
- Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Facultad de Veterinaria, Agricultura y Producción Animal, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
De L, Yang CF, Da Silva E, Boshell J, Cáceres P, Gómez JR, Pallansch M, Kew O. Genotype-specific RNA probes for direct identification of wild polioviruses by blot hybridization. J Clin Microbiol 1997; 35:2834-40. [PMID: 9350743 PMCID: PMC230071 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.35.11.2834-2840.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We have developed RNA probes for the direct identification of wild poliovirus isolates by blot hybridization. The probes are complementary to sequences of the first 30 to 32 codons of VP1, which evolve more extensively (approximately 1.5-fold) than the rest of VP1. To illustrate our general approach, we describe the design of probes specific to each of four major genotypes recently endemic (1981 to 1991) to the Americas: Andean type 1, Brazil type 1, Brazil type 3, and Central America-Mexico type 3. A wild isolate of each genotype was selected according to molecular and epidemiologic criteria to be representative of the principal lineages in circulation. Variable VP1 sequences of the representative isolates were amplified by the reverse transcriptase PCR and were inserted into a plasmid vector containing a T7 promoter. The in vitro transcripts, labeled with digoxigenin, served as probes. These formed stable hybrids only with RNAs of isolates of the corresponding genotypes. Hybrids were detected by a sensitive chemiluminescence assay, capable under normal diagnostic conditions of detecting specific wild poliovirus sequences in samples containing up to a 100-fold excess of Sabin vaccine strain-related sequences of the same serotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L De
- Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
Fecal excretion of astroviruses was monitored in 321 children, 0 to 3 years old, living in the rural highlands of Guatemala. During the longitudinal study, from February 1987 to February 1989, we examined 5,000 stool specimens, including 1,805 collected during 1,369 episodes of diarrhea, 830 collected during the convalescent week, and 216 and 244 collected 2 weeks and 1 week, respectively, before the onset of diarrhea. Routine specimens were taken once a month from every child who had been free from diarrhea for at least three consecutive weeks. Of the children, 124 (38.6%) excreted astroviruses during the study. In total, we identified 184 infections by astroviruses. Of the samples collected 2 weeks and 1 week before the initiation of symptoms, 0.9 and 4.9%, respectively, were positive, while 7.3% of the diarrhea episodes were associated with astroviruses. Of the convalescent specimens, 3.4% were shown to be positive; 2.4% of the 1,905 specimens taken in diarrhea-free periods contained astroviruses. Infections by other potential enteropathogens were documented in 54 and 65% of the asymptomatic and symptomatic astrovirus infections, respectively. Diarrhea associated with astroviruses alone had a median duration of 5 days and was associated with vomiting in 8.6%, with fever in 17.1%, with dehydration in 5.7%, and with loss of appetite in 34.3% of the episodes. Diarrhea due to astroviruses was accompanied by negative changes in weight gain. Astrovirus diarrhea contributes to the high morbidity observed in young children living under poor conditions and has a deleterious effect on their nutritional status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J R Cruz
- Division of Nutrition and Health, Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama, Guatemala, Guatemala
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Cruz JR, Cano F, Cáceres P. Association of human milk SIgA antibodies with maternal intestinal exposure to microbial antigens. Adv Exp Med Biol 1991; 310:193-9. [PMID: 1808998 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-3838-7_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Animals
- Antibodies, Bacterial/analysis
- Antibodies, Protozoan/analysis
- Antigens, Bacterial/immunology
- Antigens, Protozoan/immunology
- Breast Feeding
- Diarrhea/immunology
- Diarrhea/microbiology
- Diarrhea, Infantile/immunology
- Diarrhea, Infantile/microbiology
- Dysentery, Bacillary/immunology
- Feces/microbiology
- Feces/parasitology
- Female
- Giardia/immunology
- Giardiasis/immunology
- Guatemala
- Humans
- Immunity, Maternally-Acquired
- Immunoglobulin A, Secretory/immunology
- Infant
- Infant, Newborn
- Intestinal Absorption
- Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/immunology
- Milk, Human/immunology
- Prospective Studies
- Shigella/immunology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J R Cruz
- Program of Infection, Nutrition and Immunology, Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Cruz JR, Pareja G, de Fernández A, Peralta F, Cáceres P, Cano F. Epidemiology of acute respiratory tract infections among Guatemalan ambulatory preschool children. Rev Infect Dis 1990; 12 Suppl 8:S1029-34. [PMID: 2270400 DOI: 10.1093/clinids/12.supplement_8.s1029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Acute respiratory tract infections (ARI) were studied during a 2-year period in 521 preschool children living in a marginal area of Guatemala City. There were 3,646 episodes of ARI detected during 26,329 child-weeks at risk, for an incidence of 14 per 100 child-weeks or 7.2 episodes per child per year. The median duration of ARI episodes was 11 days. The highest incidence of ARI was observed in children 6-23 months old. Boys had more respiratory tract illnesses than did girls; the presence of a cigarette smoker in the household was associated with higher morbidity. Acute lower respiratory tract illnesses (ALRI) were more common among younger infants 0-5 months old, with nutritional status having no apparent effect. Parental formal education and crowding in households were found to be directly related to the incidence of ALRI. In general, ARI morbidity interfered with appropriate physical growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J R Cruz
- Division of Nutrition and Health, Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama, Guatemala
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Cruz JR, Cáceres P, Cano F, Flores J, Bartlett A, Torún B. Adenovirus types 40 and 41 and rotaviruses associated with diarrhea in children from Guatemala. J Clin Microbiol 1990; 28:1780-4. [PMID: 2168438 PMCID: PMC268047 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.28.8.1780-1784.1990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
From March 1987 to February 1988, fecal excretion of adenovirus types 40 and 41 and rotavirus serotypes in 194 children (age, 0 to 3 years) from a rural community of Guatemala was monitored. In total, 458 samples taken during 385 episodes of diarrhea and 191 specimens obtained during symptom-free periods were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Fifty-seven children hospitalized because of diarrhea were also studied. Among the rural children, 43 (22.2%) excreted adenovirus types 40 and 41 and 20 (10.3%) shed rotaviruses. Adenovirus types 40 and 41 were associated with 54 (14.0%) illnesses, and rotaviruses were associated with 18 (4.7%) illnesses. Asymptomatic infections with adenovirus types 40 and 41 were documented in nine children and with rotaviruses in two children. Fifteen typeable rotaviruses were identified as serotype 2. In the hospital population, 36 (63.2%) children had viral infections. Rotaviruses were identified in 29 (50.9%) and adenovirus types 40 and 41 were identified in 15 (31.2%) of 48 subjects tested. Dual infections by these viruses were found in eight children. Of 22 typeable strains of rotaviruses, 9 (34.6%) were serotype 1, 12 (46.1%) were serotype 2, and 1 (3.8%) was serotype 3. All the children infected with serotype 2 rotavirus were coinfected with other enteric pathogens, while only three (37.5%) of those infected with rotavirus serotype 1 excreted another pathogen. Adenovirus types 40 and 41 are an important cause of gastroenteritis in both ambulatory and hospitalized Guatemalan children. There seems to be a difference in the pathogenicity among rotavirus serotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J R Cruz
- Program on Infection Nutrition and Immunology, Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Cruz JR, Pareja G, Cáceres P, Cano F, Chew F. [Acute and persistent diarrheal disease and its nutritional consequences in Guatemalan infants]. Arch Latinoam Nutr 1989; 39:263-77. [PMID: 2490881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
For the purpose of better understanding the epidemiology of acute and persistent diarrhea, 130 infants of a marginal urban area in Guatemala City were studied. The subjects were kept under surveillance by weekly home visits, for periods that varied from three to nine months. The diarrhea episodes were detected and microbiological studies were done in fecal material. Additionally, the children were weighed and measured to determine their nutritional status. The infants suffered, on the average, 5.2 episodes per child annually; 9.4% of all the episodes lasted at least two weeks. The children who were less than six months old had more episodes of persistent diarrhea (0.052/child-month) than the older ones (0.017/child-month), with previous diarrhea morbidity and number of infecting enteropathogens being important factors. Furthermore, a child who had already suffered an episode of persistent diarrhea had a higher probability (relative risk = 2.2) of developing an additional one. Adherent E. coli, Cryptosporidium, toxigenic E. coli and Campylobacter jejuni are the pathogens more commonly associated with persistent diarrhea. Diarrheal illnesses have a deleterious effect on nutritional status, especially persistent episodes, which interfere with gain in weight and length of the children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J R Cruz
- Instituto de Nutrición de Centro América y Panamá (INCAP) Guatemala
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Piérola I, Cáceres M, Cáceres P, Castellanos M, Nuñez J. Fluorescence studies of the polycomplexes formed by interaction of polyvinylpyridine with polyacids. Eur Polym J 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0014-3057(88)90165-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
20
|
Andaluz E, Guillén A, Cáceres P, Larriba G. Preliminary characterization of two glucan synthetase preparations and their reaction products from Candida albicans. Microbiologia 1985; 1:5-17. [PMID: 2978544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Two glucan synthetase preparations from Candida albicans were obtained by lysis of regenerating protoplasts (enzyme A) or mechanical breakage of yeast cells (enzyme B). Enzyme A was insensitive to EDTA or GTP but it was stimulated by a combination of both agents. Enzyme B was inhibited by EDTA, this inhibition being released by increasing the concentration of the chelating agent or by addition of GTP to the assay mixtures. Enzyme A was further activated by glycerol and sodium fluoride. The reaction products were characterized as linear beta-1,3-linked glucans on the basis of their resistance to periodate and susceptibility to beta-glucanases. In both cases the "in vitro" synthesized radioactive chains were added to the non-reducing end of cold, performed glucan or to and acceptor other than glucan. At least, part of the preformerd glucan chains of enzyme A, but no those of enzyme B, showed a free reducing terminal. On the basis of the origin of both enzyme preparations it is suggested that glucan molecules are synthesized while bound to an acceptor of a different nature which is subsequently excised.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Andaluz
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|