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Xiong T, Huang S, Wang X, Shi Y, He J, Yuan Y, Wang R, Gu H, Liu L. n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids alleviate the progression of obesity-related osteoarthritis and protect cartilage through inhibiting the HMGB1-RAGE/TLR4 signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 128:111498. [PMID: 38218011 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common joint degenerative disease. There is currently no cure for OA. Dietary fatty acids have potential value in the prevention and treatment of OA. n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have anti-inflammatory effects, but their anti-OA mechanism remains unclear. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) promotes inflammation and participates the pathogenesis of OA. The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effect of n-3 PUFAs on cartilage and whether n-3 PUFAs could exert an anti-OA effect through inhibiting HMGB1-RAGE/TLR4 signaling pathway. We established an obesity-related post-traumatic OA mice model and an in vitro study was conducted to explore the regulatory mechanism of n-3 PUFAs on HMGB1 and its signal pathway against OA. We found that diet rich in n-3 PUFAs alleviated OA-like lesions of articular cartilage with the decrease of HMGB1-RAGE/TLR4 signaling protein in mice. In SW1353 cells, DHA significantly reduced the expression of HMGB1-RAGE/TLR4 signaling protein which was up-regulated by IL-1β stimulation. HMGB1 overexpression reversed the inhibitory effect of DHA on HMGB1-RAGE/TLR4 signaling pathway. The activation of SIRT1 may participate the inhibitory effect of DHA on HMGB1-RAGE/TLR4 signaling pathway. In conclusion, n-3 PUFAs could attenuate the progression of obesity-related OA and exert protective effect on cartilage by inhibiting HMGB1-RAGE/TLR4 signaling pathway, which may be associated with the activation of SIRT1. Dietary n-3 PUFAs supplements can be considered as a potential therapeutic substance for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, PR China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, China Medical University, 110122, PR China.
| | - Shiqi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, PR China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, China Medical University, 110122, PR China.
| | - Xinjuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, PR China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, China Medical University, 110122, PR China.
| | - Yu Shi
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, PR China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, China Medical University, 110122, PR China.
| | - Jianyi He
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, PR China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, China Medical University, 110122, PR China.
| | - Ye Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, PR China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, China Medical University, 110122, PR China.
| | - Ruiqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, PR China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, China Medical University, 110122, PR China.
| | - Hailun Gu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, 110004, PR China.
| | - Li Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, PR China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, China Medical University, 110122, PR China.
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Chamorro R, Farías R, Allende P, Acuña M, Cáceres P, Gómez F, Ortiz A, Tapia D, Farías C, Valenzuela R. Effect of a pescetarian and vegan diet on fatty acid composition in blood and spermatozoa in young healthy men. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2023; 196:102582. [PMID: 37544056 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2023.102582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is a growing interest in vegetarian and vegan diets, but both can potentially affect tissue fatty acids (FA) composition. We aimed to evaluate the effect of vegetarian diets on plasma, erythrocytes, and sperm n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) status in healthy young men. METHODS Four groups were studied: i) men consuming a regular omnivore diet (OMV-1, n = 35); ii) men consuming an omnivore diet but excluding fish and seafood (OMV-2, n = 34); iii) men consuming a pescetarian diet (including dairy, eggs, fish, and seafood) (PESC, n = 36); and iv) men following a strict vegan diet (VEG, n = 35). Participants in each group should follow their diet for at least the previous 12 months. Diet evaluation used a structured validated food frequency questionnaire. FA composition was measured in plasma, erythrocyte phospho-lipids, and spermatozoa by gas-liquid chromatography, expressed as a mole percentage of the total FA content. RESULTS Main findings showed higher alpha-linolenic fatty acid (ALA) and total n-3 PUFA dietary intake in the VEG group. In plasma, arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acids were higher in OMV and PESC groups, whereas docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) level was lower in VEG. Higher ALA, but reduced DHA and total n-3 PUFA levels were found in erythrocytes and spermatozoa in the VEG group. CONCLUSION Higher dietary ALA intake was found in pescetarians and vegan men. However, the higher ALA intake was not reflected in higher DHA content in the evaluated tissues. PUFA assessment, with particular emphasis in DHA, are necessary to improve PUFA status in vegan men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Chamorro
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rut Farías
- Nutrition and Dietetic School, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paulina Allende
- Nutrition and Dietetic School, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mariana Acuña
- Nutrition and Dietetic School, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paula Cáceres
- Nutrition and Dietetic School, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernanda Gómez
- Nutrition and Dietetic School, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Abigail Ortiz
- Nutrition and Dietetic School, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Tapia
- Nutrition and Dietetic School, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Camila Farías
- Nutrition and Dietetics School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Maule, Curicó, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Valenzuela
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Yan L, Gu MQ, Yang ZY, Xia J, Li P, Vasar E, Tian L, Song C. Endogenous n-3 PUFAs attenuated olfactory bulbectomy-induced behavioral and metabolomic abnormalities in Fat-1 mice. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 96:143-153. [PMID: 34052364 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is associated with abnormal lipid metabolism, and omega (n)-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) can effectively treat depression. However, mechanism of lipid metabolism involved in the depressive attenuation remains poorly understood. Olfactory bulbectomy (OB)-induced changes in animal behavior and physiological functions are similar to those observed in depressed patients. Therefore, the present study used wild type (WT) and Fat-1 mice with or without OB to explore whether endogenous n-3 PUFA treatment of depression was through rectifying lipid metabolism, and to discover the possible lipid metabolic pathways. In WT mice, OB enhanced locomotor activity associated with up-regulation of lipid metabolites in the serum, such as phosphatidylcholines, L-a-glutamyl-L-Lysine and coproporphyrinogen III (Cop), which were involved in anti-inflammatory lipid metabolic pathways. OB also increased microglia activation marker CD11b and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus. In one of the lipid pathways, increased Cop was significantly correlated with the hyper-activity of the OB mice. These OB-induced changes were markedly attenuated by endogenous n-3 PUFAs in Fat-1 mice. Additionally, increased expressions of anti-inflammatory lipid genes, such as fatty acid desaturase (Fads) and phospholipase A2 group VI (Pla2g6), were found in the hippocampus of Fat-1 mice compared with WT mice. Furthermore, Cop administration increased the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide in a microglial cell line BV2. In conclusion, endogenous n-3 PUFAs in Fat-1 mice attenuated abnormal behavior in the depression model through restoration of lipid metabolism and suppression of inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yan
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Zhanjiang, China; Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Min-Qing Gu
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhi-You Yang
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China; Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Juan Xia
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Peng Li
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Eero Vasar
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Li Tian
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; Psychiatry Research Centre, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Cai Song
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China; Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Zhanjiang, China.
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Wu H, Zhang Q, Liu L, Meng G, Gu Y, Yao Z, Zhang S, Wang Y, Zhang T, Wang X, Wang X, Sun S, Jia Q, Song K, Niu K. Saltwater fish but not freshwater fish consumption is positively related to handgrip strength: The TCLSIH Cohort Study. Nutr Res 2021; 90:46-54. [PMID: 34091118 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fish contain many important nutrients and are primarily known for high n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) content. Studies have shown that supplementation of fish oil-derived n-3 PUFA improves muscle mass and strength. Here, we hypothesized that fish consumption might improve muscle strength. To test this hypothesis, we performed this cross-sectional study (n = 29,084) in Tianjin, China. The frequency of fish consumption was assessed using a valid self-administered food frequency questionnaire. Handgrip strength (HGS) was used as the indicator of muscle strength, and was measured using a handheld digital dynamometer. Analysis of covariance was used to examine the relationship between fish consumption and HGS. In men, after adjusted potential confounding factors, the least square means (95% confidence intervals) of HGS across saltwater fish consumption categories were 41.5 (41.1, 43.7) kg for <1 time/week, 44.6 (43.2, 45.8) kg for 1 time/week, and 44.7 (43.3, 46.1) kg for ≥2 to 3 times/week (P for trend <0.001). In men, the least square means (95% confidence intervals) of HGS across the ascending quartiles of dietary n-3 PUFA intake were 43.6 (43.2, 44.4) kg, 43.7 (43.2, 44.6) kg, 44.4 (43.0, 45.8) kg, and 44.6 (43.1, 46.0) kg (P for trend <0.01). The results showed that saltwater fish consumption was positively related to HGS in men, but not in women, suggesting that saltwater fish contain nutrients that may be used to improve HGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Wu
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China; Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Liu
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ge Meng
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China; Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China; Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yeqing Gu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhanxin Yao
- Department of Nutrition, Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shunming Zhang
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yawen Wang
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tingjing Zhang
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuena Wang
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shaomei Sun
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiyu Jia
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Kun Song
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Kaijun Niu
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China; Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China; Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
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Elkin RG, Kukorowski AN, Ying Y, Harvatine KJ. Dietary High-Oleic Acid Soybean Oil Dose Dependently Attenuates Egg Yolk Content of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Laying Hens Fed Supplemental Flaxseed Oil. Lipids 2018; 53:235-249. [PMID: 29569243 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chickens can hepatically synthesize eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5 n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6 n-3) from α-linolenic acid (ALA; 18:3 n-3); however, the process is inefficient and competitively inhibited by dietary linoleic acid (LNA; 18:2 n-6). In the present study, the influence of dietary high-oleic acid (OLA; 18:1 n-9) soybean oil (HOSO) on egg and tissue deposition of ALA and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) synthesized from dietary ALA was investigated in laying hens fed a reduced-LNA base diet supplemented with high-ALA flaxseed oil (FLAX). We hypothesized that reducing the dietary level of LNA would promote greater hepatic conversion of ALA to very long-chain (VLC; >20C) n-3 PUFA, while supplemental dietary HOSO would simultaneously further enrich eggs with OLA without influencing egg n-3 PUFA contents. Nine 51-week-old hens each were fed 0, 10, 20, or 40 g HOSO/kg diet for 12 weeks. Within each group, supplemental dietary FLAX was increased every 3 weeks from 0 to 10 to 20 to 40 g/kg diet. Compared to controls, dietary FLAX maximally enriched the total n-3 and VLC n-3 PUFA contents in egg yolk by 9.4-fold and 2.2-fold, respectively, while feeding hens 40 g HOSO/kg diet maximally attenuated the yolk deposition of ALA, VLC n-3 PUFA, and total n-3 PUFA by 37, 15, and 32%, respectively. These results suggest that dietary OLA is not neutral with regard to the overall process by which dietary ALA is absorbed, metabolized, and deposited into egg yolk, either intact or in the form of longer-chain/more unsaturated n-3 PUFA derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert G Elkin
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Alexandra N Kukorowski
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Yun Ying
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Kevin J Harvatine
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
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Hopperton KE, James NCE, Mohammad D, Irfan M, Bazinet RP. Dietary fish oil, and to a lesser extent the fat-1 transgene, increases astrocyte activation in response to intracerebroventricular amyloid-β 1-40 in mice. Nutr Neurosci 2017; 22:418-424. [PMID: 29113539 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2017.1396068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Increases in astrocytes and one of their markers, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) have been reported in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) modulate neuroinflammation in animal models; however, their effect on astrocytes is unclear. METHODS Fat-1 mice and their wildtype littermates were fed either a fish oil diet or a safflower oil diet deprived of n-3 PUFA. At 12 weeks, mice underwent intracerebroventricular infusion of amyloid-β 1-40. Astrocyte phenotype in the hippocampus was assessed at baseline and 10 days post-surgery using immunohistochemistry with various microscopy and image analysis techniques. RESULTS GFAP increased in all groups in response to amyloid-β, with a greater increase in fish oil-fed mice than either fat-1 or wildtype safflower oil-fed mice. Astrocytes in this group were also more hypertrophic, suggesting increased activation. Both fat-1- and fish oil-fed mice had greater increases in branch number and length in response to amyloid-β infusion than wildtype safflower animals. CONCLUSION Fish oil feeding, and to a lesser extent the fat-1 transgene, enhances the astrocyte activation phenotype in response to amyloid-β 1-40. Astrocytes in mice fed fish oil were more activated in response to amyloid-β than in fat-1 mice despite similar levels of hippocampal n-3 PUFA, which suggests that other fatty acids or dietary factors contribute to this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E Hopperton
- a Department of Nutritional Sciences , University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada
| | - Nicholas C E James
- a Department of Nutritional Sciences , University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada
| | - Dana Mohammad
- b Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada
| | - Maha Irfan
- a Department of Nutritional Sciences , University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada
| | - Richard P Bazinet
- a Department of Nutritional Sciences , University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada
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Mazaherioun M, Djalali M, Koohdani F, Javanbakht MH, Zarei M, Beigy M, Ansari S, Rezvan N, Saedisomeolia A. Beneficial Effects of n-3 Fatty Acids on Cardiometabolic and Inflammatory Markers in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Clinical Trial. Med Princ Pract 2017; 26:535-541. [PMID: 29017158 PMCID: PMC5848481 DOI: 10.1159/000484089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on circulatory resistin and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. SUBJECTS AND METHODS This was a 10-week, placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized trial of n-3 PUFAs (2,700 mg/day) versus placebo (soft gels containing 900 mg of edible paraffin). Forty-four T2DM patients were supplemented with n-3 PUFAs and another 44 patients received placebo (3 patients discontinued the trial). Serum resistin, MCP-1, and the lipid profile were measured before and after supplementation. The adiponectin-resistin index (1 + log10 [resistin] - log10 [adiponectin]) and atherogenic index (log10 triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) of plasma (an indicator of cardiovascular complications) were assessed. The independent Student t test was used to assess the differences between the supplement and placebo groups and the paired t test to analyze the before/after changes. RESULTS In this study, n-3 PUFAs reduced serum MCP-1 levels (from 260.5 to 230.5 pg/mL; p = 0.002), but they remained unchanged in the placebo group. n-3 PUFAs could not decrease serum resistin levels. The adiponectin-resistin index was significantly reduced after supplementation with n-3 PUFAs when compared to the placebo. The atherogenic index was also significantly improved after supplementation with n-3 PUFAs (from 1.459 to 1.412; p = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS The MCP-1 levels and lipid profile were improved after supplementation with n-3 PUFAs, but resistin serum levels were not changed. Hence, the anti-inflammatory effects of n-3 PUFAs might be mediated by targeting MCP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Mazaherioun
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Djalali
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Koohdani
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mahnaz Zarei
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maani Beigy
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Ansari
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Rezvan
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Saedisomeolia
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- *Dr. Ahmad Saedisomeolia, Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran (Iran), E-Mail
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Hamazaki K, Harauma A, Tanabe S, Namai M, Moriguchi T, Inadera H. Association of serum n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids with psychological distress in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy: Adjunct Study of Japan Environment and Children's Study. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2016; 114:21-27. [PMID: 27926460 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The results of several epidemiological studies and clinical trials investigating the effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on antenatal and postnatal depression remain controversial. In a previous case-control study of early pregnancy in Japan, we found an inverse association between eicosapentaenoic acid and risk of psychological distress after adjusting for possible confounders. Here, in a 1:2 matched case-control study, we further investigated the possible relationship between serum n-3 PUFAs and risk of psychological distress in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. The psychological distress group (n=71) consisted of subjects with a score of ≥13 on the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale. The control group (n=142) was matched for age, educational level, and family income. Fatty acid composition of total lipid was determined from serum samples by gas chromatography. Associations between fatty acid levels and incidence of psychological distress were evaluated by logistic regression. Sixty-six percent of blood samples were collected in the second trimester and the remainder in the third. There were no significant differences in any of the n-3 PUFAs between the two groups. After adjustment for possible confounders, none of the n-3 PUFAs showed an association with risk of psychological distress. Peripheral n-3 PUFA levels might not influence the risk of psychological distress in later pregnancy. Further research is warranted to clarify this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Hamazaki
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
| | - Akiko Harauma
- Laboratory for Functional Analysis of Marine Materials, School of Life and Environmental Science, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Satoru Tanabe
- Laboratory of Food and Nutritional Science, Department of Food and Life Science, School of Life and Environmental Science, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Miho Namai
- Laboratory of Food and Nutritional Science, Department of Food and Life Science, School of Life and Environmental Science, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Toru Moriguchi
- Laboratory for Functional Analysis of Marine Materials, School of Life and Environmental Science, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan; Laboratory of Food and Nutritional Science, Department of Food and Life Science, School of Life and Environmental Science, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hidekuni Inadera
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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Karakas SE, Perroud B, Kind T, Palazoglu M, Fiehn O. Changes in plasma metabolites and glucose homeostasis during omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. BBA Clin 2016; 5:179-85. [PMID: 27182493 PMCID: PMC4857160 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbacli.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Background Both fish (FO) and flaxseed oils (FLX) are n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Fish oil contains long chain while FLX contains essential n-3 PUFA. We demonstrated that FO altered insulin secretion and resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) women but FLX did not. Surprisingly, the effects of FO were similar to those of the n-6 PUFA-rich soybean oil (SBO). Since increased branched chain (BCAA) and aromatic amino acids (AA) affect insulin secretion and resistance, we investigated whether FO, FLX and /or SBO affect plasma metabolites, especially AA. Methods and findings In this six-week, randomized, 3-parallel arm, double-blinded study, 54 women received 3.5 g/day FO, FLX or SBO. In 51 completers (17 from each arm), fasting plasma metabolites were measured at the beginning and at the end. As compared to FLX, FO and SBO increased insulin response and resistance as well as several BCAA and aromatic AA. Pathway analysis indicated that FO exerted the largest biochemical impact, affecting AA degradation and biosynthesis, amine, polyamine degradation and alanine, glycine, l-carnitine biosynthesis and TCA cycle, while FLX had minimal impact affecting only alanine biosynthesis and l-cysteine degradation. Conclusion Effects of FO and SBO on plasma AA were similar and differed significantly from those of the FLX. The primary target of dietary PUFA is not known. Dietary PUFA may influence insulin secretion and resistance directly and alter plasma AA indirectly. Alternatively, as a novel concept, dietary PUFA may directly affect AA metabolism and the changes in insulin secretion and resistance may be secondary. Increased serum branched chain amino acids (BCAA) and aromatic amino acids are associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Although both fish oil (FO) and flaxseed oil (FLX) are n-3 PUFA, FO contains the long chain, while FLX contains the essential n-3 PUFA. We compared the effects of different PUFAs on plasma metabolites in women with insulin resistance. Fish oil, but not FLX, increased plasma BCAA, and insulin resistance and secretion, indicating differential effects of essential vs. long chain n-3 PUFA. It is possible that effects of FO on insulin resistance and secretion may have been indirect, through its actions on BCAA metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidika E Karakas
- The University of California at Davis, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Clinical Nutrition and Vascular Medicine, Davis, CA, United States; Department of Veterans Affairs Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, United States
| | - Bertrand Perroud
- University of California at Davis Genome Center, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Tobias Kind
- University of California at Davis Genome Center, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Mine Palazoglu
- University of California at Davis Genome Center, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- University of California at Davis Genome Center, Davis, CA, United States
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10
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Tian T, Zhao Y, Huang Q, Li J. n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Improve Inflammation via Inhibiting Sphingosine Kinase 1 in a Rat Model of Parenteral Nutrition and CLP-Induced Sepsis. Lipids 2016; 51:271-8. [PMID: 26856322 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-016-4129-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1)/sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) pathway plays a key role in inflammation. Parenteral nutrition containing n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) may regulate inflammatory reactions. The aim of this study is to determine whether n-3 PUFA may improve inflammatory responses by neutralizing SphK1 signaling. Rat models of parenteral nutrition, cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis were generated. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were operated for CLP on day 2 after venous catheterization. The rats were randomized to receive normal saline (NS; n = 20), parenteral nutrition (PN; n = 20), or PN + fish oil (FO; n = 20) for 5 days. The daily intake of fish oil (1.25-2.82 g EPA and 1.44-3.09 g DHA per 100 ml) in the FO group was approximately 1.8 g/kg body weight/day. Rats in the control group (n = 10) were subjected to sham operation and received a chow diet. Spleen tissues were collected for SphK1 and S1P receptor expression analysis. Our data showed that n-3 PUFA ameliorated the survival rate. SphK1 expression and its enzymatic activity were significantly upregulated in sepsis rats. Furthermore, mRNA and protein levels of S1PR3, but not S1PR1, were also facilitated after CLP. However, PN + FO dramatically decreased SphK1 mRNA level and its enzymatic activity. S1PR3 expression was also attenuated by FO addition. In conclusion, the anti-inflammatory effect of n-3 PUFA may be linked to the inhibition of the SphK1/S1P pathway in a rat model of parenteral nutrition and CLP-induced sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Tian
- Department of Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunzhao Zhao
- Department of Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Qian Huang
- Department of Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jieshou Li
- Department of Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
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11
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Marks KA, Marvyn PM, Henao JJ, Bradley RM, Stark KD, Duncan RE. Fasting enriches liver triacylglycerol with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: implications for understanding the adipose-liver axis in serum docosahexaenoic acid regulation. Genes Nutr 2015; 10:39. [PMID: 26386841 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-015-0490-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of short-term fasting on coordinate changes in the fatty acid composition of adipose triacylglycerol (TAG), serum non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), liver TAG, and serum TAG and phospholipids in mice fed ad libitum or fasted for 16 h overnight. In contrast to previous reports under conditions of maximal lipolysis, adipose tissue TAG was not preferentially depleted of n-3 PUFA or any specific fatty acids, nor were there any striking changes in the serum NEFA composition. Short-term fasting did, however, increase the hepatic proportion of n-3 PUFA, and almost all individual species of n-3 PUFA showed relative and absolute increases. The relative proportion of n-6 PUFA in liver TAG also increased but to a lesser extent, resulting in a significant decrease in the n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio (from 14.3 ± 2.54 to 9.6 ± 1.20), while the proportion of MUFA decreased significantly and SFA proportion did not change. Examination of genes involved in PUFA synthesis suggested that hepatic changes in the elongation and desaturation of precursor lipids could not explain this effect. Rather, an increase in the expression of fatty acid transporters specific for 22:6n-3 and other long-chain n-3 and n-6 PUFA likely mediated the observed hepatic enrichment. Analysis of serum phospholipids indicated a specific increase in the concentration of 22:6n-3 and 16:0, suggesting increased specific synthesis of DHA-enriched phospholipid by the liver for recirculation. Given the importance of blood phospholipid in distributing DHA to neural tissue, these findings have implications for understanding the adipose-liver-brain axis in n-3 PUFA metabolism.
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12
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Johnson RW. Feeding the beast: can microglia in the senescent brain be regulated by diet? Brain Behav Immun 2015; 43:1-8. [PMID: 25451610 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2014.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglial cells, resident macrophages in the central nervous system (CNS), are relatively quiescent but can respond to signals from the peripheral immune system and induce neuroinflammation. In aging, microglia tend to transition to the M1 pro-inflammatory state and become hypersensitive to messages emerging from immune-to-brain signaling pathways. Thus, whereas in younger individuals where microglia respond to signals from the peripheral immune system and induce a well-controlled neuroinflammatory response that is adaptive (e.g., when well controlled, fever and sickness behavior facilitate recovery from infection), in older individuals with an infection, microglia overreact and produce excessive levels of inflammatory cytokines causing behavioral pathology including cognitive dysfunction. Importantly, recent studies indicate a number of naturally occurring bioactive compounds present in certain foods have anti-inflammatory properties and are capable of mitigating brain microglial cells. These include, e.g., flavonoid and non-flavonoid compounds in fruits and vegetables, and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in oily fish. Thus, dietary bioactives have potential to restore the population of microglial cells in the senescent brain to a more quiescent state. The pragmatic concept to constrain microglia through dietary intervention is significant because neuroinflammation and cognitive deficits are co-morbid factors in many chronic inflammatory diseases. Controlling microglial cell reactivity has important consequences for preserving adult neurogenesis, neuronal structure and function, and cognition.
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Harbild HL, Harsløf LBS, Christensen JH, Kannass KN, Lauritzen L. Fish oil-supplementation from 9 to 12 months of age affects infant attention in a free-play test and is related to change in blood pressure. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2013; 89:327-33. [PMID: 24045099 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2013.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Revised: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This intervention examined whether fish-oil-supplementation in late infancy modifies free-play test scores and if this is related to blood pressure (BP) and mean RR interval. PATIENTS AND METHODS 83 Danish 9-month-old infants were randomized to ±fish oil (FO) (3.4±1.1mL/d) for 3months and 61 of these completed the free-play-test before and after the intervention. RESULTS Most of the free-play scores changed during the intervention, but the intervention affected only the number of looks away from the toy, which was increased in +FO and decreased in -FO (p=0.037). The increased numbers of looks away were associated with an increase in erythrocyte eicosapentaenoic acid (r=0.401, p=0.017, n=35) and were also associated with a decrease in systolic-BP (r=-0.511, p<0.001, n=52). CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that n-3 fatty acid intake also in late infancy can influence brain development and that the cognitive and cardiovascular effects may be related.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Harbild
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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14
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Aliche-Djoudi F, Podechard N, Collin A, Chevanne M, Provost E, Poul M, Le Hégarat L, Catheline D, Legrand P, Dimanche-Boitrel MT, Lagadic-Gossmann D, Sergent O. A role for lipid rafts in the protection afforded by docosahexaenoic acid against ethanol toxicity in primary rat hepatocytes. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 60:286-96. [PMID: 23907024 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Revised: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we demonstrated that eicosapentaenoic acid enhanced ethanol-induced oxidative stress and cell death in primary rat hepatocytes via an increase in membrane fluidity and lipid raft clustering. In this context, another n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), was tested with a special emphasis on physical and chemical alteration of lipid rafts. Pretreatment of hepatocytes with DHA reduced significantly ethanol-induced oxidative stress and cell death. DHA protection could be related to an alteration of lipid rafts. Indeed, rafts exhibited a marked increase in membrane fluidity and packing defects leading to the exclusion of a raft protein marker, flotillin. Furthermore, DHA strongly inhibited disulfide bridge formation, even in control cells, thus suggesting a disruption of protein-protein interactions inside lipid rafts. This particular spatial organization of lipid rafts due to DHA subsequently prevented the ethanol-induced lipid raft clustering. Such a prevention was then responsible for the inhibition of phospholipase C-γ translocation into rafts, and consequently of both lysosome accumulation and elevation in cellular low-molecular-weight iron content, a prooxidant factor. In total, the present study suggests that DHA supplementation could represent a new preventive approach for patients with alcoholic liver disease based upon modulation of the membrane structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatiha Aliche-Djoudi
- UMR Inserm 1085, IRSET, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, 2, av Pr Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes Cédex, France; Université de Rennes 1, Biosit UMS3080, 2, av Pr Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes Cédex, France.
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