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Hossain S, Chowdhury PB, Mohsin M, Biswas RK. Addictive behavior and mental health of adolescents aged 11-17 years in Bangladesh in 2014: A cross-sectional study. Health Sci Rep 2024; 7:e2231. [PMID: 38966074 PMCID: PMC11222289 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.2231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims This study aimed to evaluate the factors associated with addictive behavior and mental health in adolescents aged 11-17 years in Bangladesh. Methods This study analyzed data from the Bangladesh Global School-based Health Survey (GSHS) conducted in 2014. Adolescents aged 11-17 years studying government schools were considered as respondents for this survey. A two-phase group sample design was utilized to deliver illustrative information of all understudies in grades (classes) 7-10 in Bangladesh. Bivariate analyses followed by a weight-adjusted multiple logistic regression was fitted to a sample of size 2989 adolescents. Results One in ten and one in four adolescents had different substance addictions and some forms of mental health conditions, respectively. Sex of participants (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 4.49; confidence interval [CI]:2.28-8.84), being bullied (AOR: 3.08; CI:1.46-6.49), use of tobacco among parents (AOR: 5.82; CI:3.16-10.75), parental understanding of adolescents' problems (AOR: 0.45; CI:0.23-0.82), and food affordability (AOR: 1.24; CI:1.09-1.42) were associated with addictive behaviors of adolescents. Bullied males with nonempathetic parents were found to be more vulnerable to addictive behaviors and bullied females showed higher tendencies to mental health issues. Conclusion Considering the elevated prevalence of reported mental health concerns, identifying vulnerable groups and formulating intervention-oriented policies engaging youths can pave the way towards achieving robust health and well-being for them in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorif Hossain
- Department of StatisticsNoakhali Science and Technology UniversityNoakhaliBangladesh
| | | | - Md. Mohsin
- Interdisciplinary Health SciencesThe University of Texas at El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
| | - Raaj Kishore Biswas
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneyNew South WalesAustralia
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Escamilla I, Juan N, Benito A, Castellano-García F, Rodríguez-Ruiz F, Haro G. Substance Addiction in Adolescents: Influence of Parenting and Personality Traits. Brain Sci 2024; 14:449. [PMID: 38790428 PMCID: PMC11119795 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14050449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substance use in adolescents has been separately related to personality traits and parental socialization styles; in this study, our objective was to study these variables in an integrated way. METHODS A cross-sectional observational study was conducted in five institutes in a final sample of 331 students, excluding those with gaming disorder. The sample was stratified into three subgroups: 'no addiction', 'low risk', and 'high risk' of Substance Use Disorders (SUD). RESULTS 12.9% of the adolescents presented a low risk of SUD, while 18.3% showed a high risk, with both being older (F = 9.16; p < 0.001) than the no addiction group. Adolescents with high risk scored lower in control and structure variables and higher in maternal and paternal indifference factors. Non-addicted subjects presented higher scores in conscientiousness, extraversion, and agreeableness and lower scores in neuroticism. The probability of SUD increased with age (OR = 2.187; p = 0.022), sensation seeking (OR = 1.084; p < 0.001), and neuroticism (OR = 1.049; p = 0.042), while conscientiousness was a protective factor (OR = 0.930; p = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS These results reflect that personality traits are directly related to the development of substance abuse in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Escamilla
- Department of Mental Health, Consorci Hospitalari Provincial de Castelló, 12002 Castelló de la Plana, Spain
- TXP Research Group, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 12006 Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Nerea Juan
- Department of Mental Health, Consorci Hospitalari Provincial de Castelló, 12002 Castelló de la Plana, Spain
- TXP Research Group, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 12006 Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Ana Benito
- TXP Research Group, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 12006 Castelló de la Plana, Spain
- Torrente Mental Health Unit, Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisca Castellano-García
- TXP Research Group, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 12006 Castelló de la Plana, Spain
- Department of Educational Sciences, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 12006 Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Francesc Rodríguez-Ruiz
- Department of Mental Health, Consorci Hospitalari Provincial de Castelló, 12002 Castelló de la Plana, Spain
- TXP Research Group, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 12006 Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Haro
- Department of Mental Health, Consorci Hospitalari Provincial de Castelló, 12002 Castelló de la Plana, Spain
- TXP Research Group, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 12006 Castelló de la Plana, Spain
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de Andrés-Sánchez J, Belzunegui-Eraso A, Valls-Fonayet F. The significance of information variables in polydrug use by adolescents: insights from a cross-sectional study in Tarragona (Spain). PeerJ 2024; 12:e16801. [PMID: 38259667 PMCID: PMC10802159 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Substance use, especially among adolescents, is a significant public health concern, with profound implications for physical and psychological development. This study aimed to evaluate the quantity and sources of information available to adolescents regarding polydrug use. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Tarragona involving adolescents with an average age of 16.44 years. This study assessed the number of substances used (alcohol, cigarettes, and cannabis) in the past month, along with information sources related to substance use. Monitored sources (e.g., schools, parents, and mass media) and unmonitored sources (e.g., peers, siblings, internet) were distinguished. In addition, four individual and four environmental control variables were considered. Multinomial logistic regression analysis revealed that incorporating variables related to adolescents' substance use information and its sources enhanced the explanatory model, surpassing control variables. The degree of information about substance use did not significantly explain consumption patterns, but the number of information sources, both monitored and unmonitored, did. The unmonitored sources were associated with increased polydrug use. Conversely, greater reliance on supervised sources for information was linked to reduced single-substance and polydrug use. This protective effect increased with an increase in the number of substances used. In conclusion, information obtained from monitored sources acts as a deterrent to substance consumption, consistent with findings suggesting that greater health literacy among adolescents discourages substance use. Conversely, this study suggests that information from more informal sources may encourage heavier polydrug use, aligning with reports indicating that adolescents with a more comprehensive understanding of substance use consequences tend to engage in heavier drug use.
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Williams OC, Prasad S, Khan AA, Ayisire OE, Naseer H, Abdullah M, Nadeem M, Ashraf N, Zeeshan M. Tailoring parenting styles and family-based interventions cross-culturally as an effective prevention strategy for youth substance use: a scoping review. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2024; 86:257-270. [PMID: 38222691 PMCID: PMC10783303 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000001387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The challenge of substance use among youth continues to be a highly concerning public health issue across the globe. The notion that parenting lifestyles and family-based intervention can help in the prevention of adolescent substance use have received robust attention from policy makers, researchers' clinicians and general public, nonetheless, there is scarcity of high quality evidence to support these concepts. Objective To review available literature which assessed the effects of parenting styles and family-based interventions on the prevention of adolescent substance use. Methods A scoping review of literature to identify studies published in English between 2012 and 2022 was conducted searching Scopus, MEDLINE, PsychInfo, and CINAHL databases focused on effects of parenting styles and family-based interventions in the prevention of adolescent substance use.Keywords of family-based intervention strategies and possible outcomes of parenting styles on youth substance use were coded from the results, discussion, or conclusion. Strategies were inductively categorized into themes according to the focus of the strategy. Results A total of 47 studies, published between 2012 and 2022 in English language included. Narrative synthesis illustrated that parental involvement, restriction of mature-rated content, parental monitoring, authoritative parenting styles, and parental support and knowledge can help in the prevention of adolescent substance use. On the contrary, poor parent-child bonding, overprotection, permissive parenting, parental frustrations, authoritarian and harsh parenting styles promoted adolescent substance use disorders. Proximal risk factors like peer influence, previous use of other substances, and risky behaviours had more effect than just parenting styles. Culturally tailored family-based intervention strategies such as "Preventive Parenting", "Parent Training", and "Parent Involvement", with focus on "Technology Assisted Intervention", particularly "SMART "(Substance Misuse among Adolescents in Residential Treatment) are found as effective family-based intervention strategies to mitigate substance use in youth. Conclusion Culturally tailored family-based behavioural strategies psychosocial intervention strategies can be considered of the most effective strategies to prevent substance use disorders in youth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sakshi Prasad
- Department of Psychiatry National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsya, Ukraine
| | - Ahmed Ali Khan
- Department of Psychiatry, Shifa College of Medicine, Islamabad
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Muhammad Zeeshan
- Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
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van der Kruk S, Harrison NJ, Bartram A, Newton S, Miller C, Room R, Olver I, Bowden J. Prevalence of parental supply of alcohol to minors: a systematic review. Health Promot Int 2023; 38:daad111. [PMID: 37758201 PMCID: PMC10533326 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daad111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Parental supply of alcohol to minors (i.e. those under the legal drinking age) is often perceived by parents as protective against harms from drinking, despite evidence linking it with adverse alcohol-related outcomes. This systematic review describes the prevalence of parental supply of alcohol, as reported in the international literature. The review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020218754). We searched seven online databases (Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science and Public Health Database) and grey literature from January 2011 to December 2022 and assessed the risk of bias with the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist. Among 58 articles included in narrative synthesis from 29 unique datasets, there was substantial variation in the definition and measurement of parental supply of alcohol. Overall prevalence rates ranged from 7.0 to 60.0% for minor-report samples, and from 24.0 to 48.0% for parent-report samples. Data indicate that parental supply prevalence is generally proportionately higher for older minors or later-stage students, for girls, and has increased over time among minors who report drinking. Literature on the prevalence of parental supply of alcohol is robust in quantity but inconsistent in quality and reported prevalence. Greater consistency in defining and measuring parental supply is needed to better inform health promotion initiatives aimed at increasing parents' awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannen van der Kruk
- Health Policy Centre, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Kaurna Country, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Nathan J Harrison
- Health Policy Centre, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Kaurna Country, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
- National Centre for Education and Training on Addiction, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Kaurna Country, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Ashlea Bartram
- Health Policy Centre, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Kaurna Country, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
- National Centre for Education and Training on Addiction, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Kaurna Country, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Skye Newton
- Adelaide Health Technology Assessment, School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Kaurna Country, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Caroline Miller
- Health Policy Centre, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Kaurna Country, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
- School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Kaurna Country, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Robin Room
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, School of Psychology & Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Centre for Social Research on Alcohol and Drugs, Stockholm University, Stockholm 10691, Sweden
| | - Ian Olver
- School of Psychology, University of Adelaide, Kaurna Country, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Notre Dame Australia, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Bowden
- Health Policy Centre, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Kaurna Country, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
- National Centre for Education and Training on Addiction, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Kaurna Country, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
- School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Kaurna Country, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
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Klanjšek R, Vazsonyi AT, Javakhishvili M. Is the Effect of Parenting on Substance Use among Adolescents and Young Adults Context Dependent? Evidence from Ten Countries of Southeastern Europe. J Genet Psychol 2023; 184:303-321. [PMID: 36705143 DOI: 10.1080/00221325.2023.2171849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Related to some inconsistent evidence in the literature, the current study tested the links between three parenting styles and four measures of substance use in samples of adolescents and young adults from ten, socio-economically diverse countries in Southeastern Europe (N = 10,909, 50.3% males, Mage = 21.70, SD = 4.5); it also tested whether these links were moderated by a measure of social progress. Results indicated that only authoritative parenting style was negatively associated with substance use; both authoritarian and permissive parenting styles were positively associated with substance use. The country-level effect on substance use was modest, yet significant; it explained between 1% and 4% of the total variance. Findings also provided some evidence of a moderation effects by social progress. Exploratory follow-up HLM analyses also provided evidence of significant country level social progress effects on alcohol use, soft drug use, and hard drug use; however, no significant cross-level interactions effects were found. Key study implications include positive effects by both authoritarian and permissive parenting on young adult substance use, but importantly, negative ones by authoritative parenting. Findings have important implications for potential intervention and prevention efforts, in addition to addressing potential country-level differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudi Klanjšek
- Sociology Department, University of Maribor, Maribor, EU, Slovenia
| | | | - Magda Javakhishvili
- Psychology Department, John Jay College, City University of New York, New York City, NY, USA
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Rodríguez-Ruiz J, Zych I, Ribeaud D, Steinhoff A, Eisner M, Quednow BB, Shanahan L. The Influence of Different Dimensions of the Parent–Child Relationship in Childhood as Longitudinal Predictors of Substance Use in Late Adolescence. The Mediating Role of Self-Control. Int J Ment Health Addict 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-023-01036-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract This study examined longitudinal links between several dimensions of parent–child relationship and adolescent substance use, and tested the role of self-control in mediating these. Data came from the Zurich Project on the Social Development from Childhood to Adulthood. Validated questionnaires were used to measure parent–child domains at age 11, self-control at age 13, and substance use at ages 13, 15, 17, and 20. Low positive parenting and parental supervision, as well as aversive parenting, correlated with substance use. Linear regression model revealed that aversive parenting, low child disclosure, low positive parenting, and low parental involvement at age 11 predicted substance use at different stages of adolescence. These associations were mediated by low self-control at age 13. Involving parents and increasing their knowledge about desirable parental practices and ways to help their children to develop adequate self-control could be an effective element in substance use prevention strategies.
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Pandey G, Kuo SIC, Horne-Osipenko KA, Pandey AK, Kamarajan C, de Viteri SS, Kinreich S, Chorlian DB, Kuang W, Stephenson M, Kramer J, Anokhin A, Zang Y, Kuperman S, Hesselbrock V, Schuckit M, Dick D, Chan G, McCutcheon VV, Edenberg H, Bucholz KK, Meyers JL, Porjesz B. Associations of parent-adolescent closeness with P3 amplitude, frontal theta, and binge drinking among offspring with high risk for alcohol use disorder. ALCOHOL, CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 47:155-167. [PMID: 36680783 PMCID: PMC10910630 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parents impact their offspring's brain development, neurocognitive function, risk, and resilience for alcohol use disorder (AUD) via both genetic and socio-environmental factors. Individuals with AUD and their unaffected children manifest low parietal P3 amplitude and low frontal theta (FT) power, reflecting heritable neurocognitive deficits associated with AUD. Likewise, children who experience poor parenting tend to have atypical brain development and greater rates of alcohol problems. Conversely, positive parenting can be protective and critical for normative development of self-regulation, neurocognitive functioning and the neurobiological systems subserving them. Yet, the role of positive parenting in resiliency toward AUD is understudied and its association with neurocognitive functioning and behavioral vulnerability to AUD among high-risk offspring is less known. Using data from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism prospective cohort (N = 1256, mean age [SD] = 19.25 [1.88]), we investigated the associations of closeness with mother and father during adolescence with offspring P3 amplitude, FT power, and binge drinking among high-risk offspring. METHODS Self-reported closeness with mother and father between ages 12 and 17 and binge drinking were assessed using the Semi-Structured Assessment for the Genetics of Alcoholism. P3 amplitude and FT power were assessed in response to target stimuli using a Visual Oddball Task. RESULTS Multivariate multiple regression analyses showed that closeness with father was associated with larger P3 amplitude (p = 0.002) and higher FT power (p = 0.01). Closeness with mother was associated with less binge drinking (p = 0.003). Among male offspring, closeness with father was associated with larger P3 amplitude, but among female offspring, closeness with mother was associated with less binge drinking. These associations remained statistically significant with father's and mothers' AUD symptoms, socioeconomic status, and offspring impulsivity in the model. CONCLUSIONS Among high-risk offspring, closeness with parents during adolescence may promote resilience for developing AUD and related neurocognitive deficits albeit with important sex differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathri Pandey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, New York, Brooklyn, USA
| | - Sally I-Chun Kuo
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Kristina A. Horne-Osipenko
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, New York, Brooklyn, USA
| | - Ashwini K. Pandey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, New York, Brooklyn, USA
| | - Chella Kamarajan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, New York, Brooklyn, USA
| | - Stacey Saenz de Viteri
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, New York, Brooklyn, USA
| | - Sivan Kinreich
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, New York, Brooklyn, USA
| | - David B. Chorlian
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, New York, Brooklyn, USA
| | - Weipeng Kuang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, New York, Brooklyn, USA
| | - Mallory Stephenson
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - John Kramer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Andrey Anokhin
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Yong Zang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Samuel Kuperman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Victor Hesselbrock
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Marc Schuckit
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Danielle Dick
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Grace Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Vivia V. McCutcheon
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Howard Edenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Kathleen K. Bucholz
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jacquelyn L. Meyers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, New York, Brooklyn, USA
| | - Bernice Porjesz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, New York, Brooklyn, USA
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Gázquez Linares JJ, Barragán Martín AB, Molero Jurado MDM, Simón Márquez MDM, Pérez-Fuentes MDC, Martos Martínez Á, Del Pino Salvador RM. Perception of Parental Attitudes and Self-Efficacy in Refusing Alcohol Drinking and Smoking by Spanish Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:808. [PMID: 36613129 PMCID: PMC9819710 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Adolescents are particularly vulnerable to initiation of the use of substances harmful to health, and its increase is cause for concern. The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between self-efficacy in refusing alcohol and the attitude of adolescents toward drugs and their perception of their parents' attitude toward refusal. The study was carried out in 2019 in a sample of 1287 students from 11 public high schools in the province of Almería (Spain). Students were aged 14 to 18 in their 3rd and 4th year of compulsory secondary education. The Drinking Refusal Self-Efficacy Questionnaire-Revised Adolescent version (DRSEQ-RA), Attitudes Toward Taking Drugs-Basic BIP Scale and the Parents' attitudes Toward Drug Use were administered. The results showed that family relationships seem to have a direct impact on adolescent patterns in smoking and drinking alcohol. However, a favorable attitude toward drugs is a risk factor for drinking alcohol and smoking tobacco. The self-efficacy dimension also acts as a protective factor against the probability of using alcohol or tobacco. The conclusions emphasized that communication within the family core can increase or decrease the risk of adolescents using substances harmful to health.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Jesús Gázquez Linares
- Department of Psychology, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
- Department of Psychology, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Providencia 7500912, Chile
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10
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Hajiha Z, Ehsan HB. Qualitative analysis of family interactions with Iranian women with substance use disorder: from before becoming aware of addiction to consecutive relapses. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2023; 22:238-259. [PMID: 34126861 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2021.1935380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Family is the most important social institution since birth with which the person has been in direct contact. Family relationships with children play a major role in both the tendency toward substance addiction and the withdrawal of drugs. The present study aimed to examine the form of family interactions with Iranian women with substance use disorder. The method of this research was grounded theory, the sample was 20 women who were referred to Behboud Gostaran Hamgam Women's Addiction Withdrawal Camp in Tehran, in 2018-19 who were selected by theoretical sampling. Five themes of condemning-restrictive family, passive-accepting family, rejecting family, indifferent family, and disoriented family were discovered. The study also resulted in four key periods of time that define the form of family relationships with women with SUD, namely: before becoming aware of addiction, after becoming aware of addiction, after being aware of the first relapse, and after being aware of successive relapses. Finally, during these four time periods, three family interactive models were established for women with SUD: 1) The interactive model of Non-change, 2) The model of adopting a disoriented interactive pattern after changing dysfunctional interactive patterns, 3) The model of returning to the initial interactive pattern after changing the dysfunctional interactive patterns. The relapse is prevented, and the level of efficiency of family and members in the recovery process will be improving by identifying, recognizing, and training the interactive family model with women with SUD.
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Ramsewak S, Moty N, Putteeraj M, Somanah J, Nirmala LP. Parenting style and its effect on eating disorders and substance abuse across the young population. DISCOVER PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [PMCID: PMC8802280 DOI: 10.1007/s44202-022-00025-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
This article attempts to examine the occurrence of two behavioural changes, namely, substance abuse and eating disorders in order of onset mediated by ineffective parenting styles during young age. The four parenting styles and their consequential behavioural adverse effects are taken as the focal point of this study and are synthesized to provide an outlook on the status of ineffective parenting and deviant offspring behaviours. A review of literature was primarily undertaken to examine the characteristic features of ineffective parenting. A causal relationship was then drawn between the onset of behavioural disorders with an emphasis on substance abuse and eating disorders, along the parenting spectrum. We probed into the order and directionality of the offspring behavioural changes against ineffective parenting. The current available data shows the superimposition of the parenting style spectrum on a bell-shaped distribution of behavioural outcomes as exemplified by authoritarian, permissive and neglectful parenting as a prime determinant of several disorders among the young age; parenting styles being at the extremities of the parenting spectrum. The sweet spot of parenting, mainly associated to the authoritative approach, bears the most positive effect on the growing child. The extreme ends of parenting as per the varying degree of responsiveness and demandingness, generally observed in authoritarian and neglectful parenting precipitate concomitant deviant behaviours cascading from one another; intricately linking substance abuse and eating disorders. A number of studies describe the isolated effects of ineffective parenting on the development of substance abuse and eating disorders during the adolescent period. However, the relationship between both eating disorders and substance abuse is underplayed and need to be stressed upon to tailor behaviour-specific targeted therapies and restore the normalcy of these altered behaviours. How the parenting style adopted can lead to a concurrent amalgam of disordered eating patterns and substance abuse. How disordered eating behaviours and substance abuse are initiated as coping strategies to deal with the consequences of poor parenting. Isolation of specific risk factors to deter the development of those deviant behaviours in addition to improvement of parenting methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalina Ramsewak
- Psychiatry Department, A.G. Jeetoo Hospital, Port-Louis, Mauritius
| | - Numrata Moty
- Faculty of Law, University of Mauritius, Reduit, Mauritius
| | - Manish Putteeraj
- School of Health Sciences, University of Technology, Port-Louis, Mauritius
| | - Jhoti Somanah
- School of Health Sciences, University of Technology, Port-Louis, Mauritius
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Torchyan AA, Bosma H, Houkes I. The role of poor mental health in substance use across socioeconomic strata of Armenian adolescents: a counterfactual mediation analysis. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2022.2084787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Armen Albert Torchyan
- Department of Social Medicine, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine and King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hans Bosma
- Department of Social Medicine, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Inge Houkes
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine and King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Schick MR, Nalven T, Thomas ED, Weiss NH, Spillane NS. Depression and alcohol use in American Indian adolescents: The influence of family factors. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2022; 46:141-151. [PMID: 35076972 PMCID: PMC8988920 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rates of both depression and alcohol use are disproportionately higher among American Indian (AI) adolescents than adolescents in the general population. The co-occurrence of depression and alcohol use is common and clinically relevant given their reciprocal negative influences on outcomes. Family factors may be especially relevant because they could have a buffering effect on this relationship due to the importance of kinship and community in AI communities. The current study examines the roles of family warmth and parental monitoring in the association between depressive symptoms and alcohol use in a large, nationally representative sample of AI adolescents. METHODS Data were collected from 3498 AI 7th to 12th graders (47.8% female) residing on or near a reservation during the period 2009 to 2013. Participants reported on their depressive symptoms, family factors, and alcohol use. RESULTS There was a small, but statistically significant positive association between depressive symptoms and alcohol use (r = 0.11, p < 0.001). Greater depressive symptoms were associated with significantly less perceived family warmth (β = -0.09, 95% CI [-0.13, -0.06]), which was associated with significantly greater alcohol use (β = -0.39, 95% CI [-0.55, -0.23]). Family warmth significantly accounted for the association between depressive symptoms and alcohol use at high (β = 0.04, SE = 0.02, 95% CI [0.004, 0.09]), but not low, levels of parental monitoring (β = 0.02, SE = 0.02, 95% CI [-0.002, 0.06]). CONCLUSIONS Results of the present study suggest that developing culturally sensitive prevention and treatment approaches focusing on increasing both family warmth and parental monitoring are important to address the co-occurrence of depression and alcohol misuse among AI adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa R. Schick
- Department of Psychology University of Rhode Island Kingston Rhode Island USA
| | - Tessa Nalven
- Department of Psychology University of Rhode Island Kingston Rhode Island USA
| | - Emmanuel D. Thomas
- Department of Psychology University of Rhode Island Kingston Rhode Island USA
| | - Nicole H. Weiss
- Department of Psychology University of Rhode Island Kingston Rhode Island USA
| | - Nichea S. Spillane
- Department of Psychology University of Rhode Island Kingston Rhode Island USA
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Nawi AM, Ismail R, Ibrahim F, Hassan MR, Manaf MRA, Amit N, Ibrahim N, Shafurdin NS. Risk and protective factors of drug abuse among adolescents: a systematic review. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:2088. [PMID: 34774013 PMCID: PMC8590764 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11906-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Drug abuse is detrimental, and excessive drug usage is a worldwide problem. Drug usage typically begins during adolescence. Factors for drug abuse include a variety of protective and risk factors. Hence, this systematic review aimed to determine the risk and protective factors of drug abuse among adolescents worldwide. Methods Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) was adopted for the review which utilized three main journal databases, namely PubMed, EBSCOhost, and Web of Science. Tobacco addiction and alcohol abuse were excluded in this review. Retrieved citations were screened, and the data were extracted based on strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. Inclusion criteria include the article being full text, published from the year 2016 until 2020 and provided via open access resource or subscribed to by the institution. Quality assessment was done using Mixed Methods Appraisal Tools (MMAT) version 2018 to assess the methodological quality of the included studies. Given the heterogeneity of the included studies, a descriptive synthesis of the included studies was undertaken. Results Out of 425 articles identified, 22 quantitative articles and one qualitative article were included in the final review. Both the risk and protective factors obtained were categorized into three main domains: individual, family, and community factors. The individual risk factors identified were traits of high impulsivity; rebelliousness; emotional regulation impairment, low religious, pain catastrophic, homework completeness, total screen time and alexithymia; the experience of maltreatment or a negative upbringing; having psychiatric disorders such as conduct problems and major depressive disorder; previous e-cigarette exposure; behavioral addiction; low-perceived risk; high-perceived drug accessibility; and high-attitude to use synthetic drugs. The familial risk factors were prenatal maternal smoking; poor maternal psychological control; low parental education; negligence; poor supervision; uncontrolled pocket money; and the presence of substance-using family members. One community risk factor reported was having peers who abuse drugs. The protective factors determined were individual traits of optimism; a high level of mindfulness; having social phobia; having strong beliefs against substance abuse; the desire to maintain one’s health; high paternal awareness of drug abuse; school connectedness; structured activity and having strong religious beliefs. Conclusion The outcomes of this review suggest a complex interaction between a multitude of factors influencing adolescent drug abuse. Therefore, successful adolescent drug abuse prevention programs will require extensive work at all levels of domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azmawati Mohammed Nawi
- Department of Community Health, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rozmi Ismail
- Centre for Research in Psychology and Human Well-Being (PSiTra), Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Fauziah Ibrahim
- Centre for Research in Psychology and Human Well-Being (PSiTra), Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Rohaizat Hassan
- Department of Community Health, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Rizal Abdul Manaf
- Department of Community Health, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Noh Amit
- Clinical Psychology and Behavioural Health Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norhayati Ibrahim
- Clinical Psychology and Behavioural Health Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Shafini Shafurdin
- Centre for Research in Psychology and Human Well-Being (PSiTra), Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
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Lee MH, Kim-Godwin YS, Hur H. Race/ethnicity differences in risk and protective factors for marijuana use among U.S. adolescents. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1167. [PMID: 34193108 PMCID: PMC8247234 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11159-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about how race and ethnicity influence marijuana-specific risk and protective factors in U.S. adolescents. We examined differences in risk and protective factors of marijuana use (MU) and their associations with MU by race/ethnicity. METHODS The present study used data from the 2015-2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. A total of 68,263 adolescents (aged 12 to 17 years) were divided into seven subgroups by race/ethnicity (White, Hispanic, Black, Asian, Native American, Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander (NH/PI), and mixed race). Marijuana-specific risk and protective factors (RPFs) were examined, including perceived availability of marijuana, adolescents' perceived risk of MU and perceived disapproval of parents, peers, and close friends. Past-month, past-year, and lifetime MU were used as MU outcomes to examine the associations with RPFs as well as with race/ethnicity. RESULTS Overall, 6.85, 12.67, and 15.52% of the sample reported past-month, past-year, and lifetime MU respectively. Weighted adjusted logistic regression analyses revealed that mixed race adolescents reported the greatest perceived availability of marijuana, whereas Black and Asian adolescents had less access compared to White adolescents. The adolescents' perception of parental disapproval of MU was the lowest for Native American adolescents and highest for Asian adolescents. Mixed race adolescents experienced lower peer and close friend disapproval of MU while Black and Asian adolescents had higher. The MU risk perception was lower in most groups including Black, Hispanic, Native American, and mixed race adolescents, but not in Asian adolescents. Native American adolescents scored the highest on all MU outcomes, whereas Asian adolescents scored the lowest. Perceived availability of marijuana was associated with higher MU in all MU outcomes. Lower disapproval MU perceptions and lower MU risk perceptions were also associated with greater MU. CONCLUSION These findings suggest there is considerable heterogeneity of marijuana risk and protective factors and MU across race/ethnicity among U.S. adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meen Hye Lee
- School of Nursing, University of North Carolina Wilmington, 601 S College Rd, Wilmington, NC, 28403, USA
| | - Yeoun Soo Kim-Godwin
- School of Nursing, University of North Carolina Wilmington, 601 S College Rd, Wilmington, NC, 28403, USA
| | - Hyungjo Hur
- Department of Public Administration, Dankook University, 152 Jukjeon-ro, Suji-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea.
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Fite PJ, Díaz KI, Doyle RL. Does Behavioral Dysregulation Moderate the Links Between Contextual Factors and Substance Use Among Detained Youth? JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1067828x.2021.1907265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Koning I, de Looze M, Harakeh Z. Parental alcohol-specific rules effectively reduce adolescents' tobacco and cannabis use: A longitudinal study. Drug Alcohol Depend 2020; 216:108226. [PMID: 32853999 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The current study aimed to longitudinally examine the direct and indirect effects (via alcohol use) of parental alcohol-specific rule-setting on adolescent tobacco and cannabis use. Based on the gateway hypothesis, we expected parental alcohol-specific rules to affect adolescent tobacco and cannabis use through adolescent alcohol use. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS A longitudinal design including three waves and 906 Dutch adolescents (Mage = 13.51 years, SD = 0.60) was used to apply zero-inflated Poisson models (ZIP). MEASUREMENTS Self-report questionnaires measured adolescents' perceived rules about alcohol at T1, cigarette use at T1 and T3 (frequency of life-time and current smoking), cannabis use at T1/T3 (frequency of yearly and monthly use) and frequency of monthly alcohol use at T1/T2. FINDINGS Stricter alcohol-specific rules at T1 predicted lower incidence and prevalence rates of cigarette (life-time: β = -0.20, p < .00; current: β = -0.21, p = .04) and cannabis use (monthly: β = -0.43, p = .02; yearly: β = -0.28, p = .19) two years later (T3). This direct effect was no longer significant when alcohol use at T1 was controlled for. Moreover, a significant indirect effect of alcohol-specific rules at T1 on tobacco and cannabis use T3 via monthly alcohol use T2 was found. CONCLUSIONS The current study demonstrated that strict rules regarding alcohol may not only reduce alcohol but subsequently also other substance use such as tobacco and cannabis. Thus, interventions targeting the prevention of alcohol use, which appears to serve as a gateway, also affects the involvement in other substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Koning
- Interdisciplinary Social Science, Youth Studies, Utrecht University, Padualaan 14, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Margaretha de Looze
- Interdisciplinary Social Science, Youth Studies, Utrecht University, Padualaan 14, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Zeena Harakeh
- Interdisciplinary Social Science, Youth Studies, Utrecht University, Padualaan 14, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Fay H, LoParo D, Shentu Y, Vasquez D, Welsh JW. Perceived Parental Knowledge and Adolescent Substance Use Outcomes. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2020; 90:711-717. [PMID: 32686850 DOI: 10.1111/josh.12933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether parental permission of alcohol and other drug use in a home environment is protective against substance-related negative outcomes remains controversial. We investigated substance use at home, with or without parental knowledge, and its association with substance-related consequences. METHODS The sample consisted of 21,207 U.S. students in the 6th to 12th grades surveyed between 2009 and 2017. Substance use patterns and rates of negative outcomes were analyzed by comparing groups of participants who had not used at home, or had used at home with and/or without parental knowledge. RESULTS Adolescents who used substances at home without parental knowledge used alcohol and substances in greater amounts, and tended to have more negative outcomes than those who did not. Students who had not used at home or had used only with parental knowledge tended to have lower levels of use and negative outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Using at home without parental knowledge was a consistent risk factor for substance-related negative outcomes. These results highlight the importance of screening adolescents for the use of alcohol or drugs in the home without parental knowledge, as well as attempting to prevent substance use in the household.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Fay
- Senior Program Services Data Manager, , FCD Prevention Works, 29 Crafts Street, Suite 150, Newton, MA 02458, USA
| | - Devon LoParo
- Assistant Professor, , Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, 12 Executive Park Drive NE, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Yujia Shentu
- Clinical Research Coordinator, , Clinical Research Coordinator, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, 12 Executive Park Drive NE, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Desirae Vasquez
- Program Services Manager, , FCD Prevention Works, 29 Crafts Street, Suite 150, Newton, MA 02458, USA
| | - Justine W Welsh
- Assistant Professor, , Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, 12 Executive Park Drive NE, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
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Valente JY, Cogo-Moreira H, Sanchez ZM. Evaluating the effects of parenting styles dimensions on adolescent drug use: secondary analysis of #Tamojunto randomized controlled trial. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2020; 29:979-987. [PMID: 31563980 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-019-01410-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined parenting style dimensions (demandingness and responsiveness) as predictors of adolescent drug use and also evaluated whether parenting styles dimensions moderate the effects of the implemented prevention program. 6.391 students in the 7th and 8th grades at 72 Brazilian public schools participated in a three-wave randomized controlled trial to evaluate a school drug-use prevention program. We used structural equation modeling to test if baseline parenting style dimensions (demandingness and responsiveness) would predict the use of drugs (alcohol, binge drinking, cannabis, inhalants, and tobacco) after 21 months. Additionally, we evaluated an interaction version of the above-described model to test if the effect of the prevention program would be moderated by either or both parenting style dimensions. Higher levels of parent demandingness predicted lower chances of adolescent drug use (e.g., Cigarette use OR 0.76, 95% CI 0.64-0.89); responsiveness on the five outcomes showed p value superior to 0.01. The effect of the #Tamojunto intervention is unlikely to be conditioned to either parenting style dimensions on the assessed outcomes.Clinical trial registration Brazilian Register of Clinical Trials (REBEC): #RBR-4mnv5g ( https://www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/?q=tamojunto ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Y Valente
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 740, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hugo Cogo-Moreira
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Zila M Sanchez
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 740, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Amorim TAD, Lucchese R, Silva Neta EMD, Santos JSD, Vera I, Paula NID, Simões ND, Monteiro LHB. Determinants of mental health and abuse of psychoactive substances associated with tobacco use. A case-control study. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2019; 24:4141-4152. [PMID: 31664387 DOI: 10.1590/1413-812320182411.02752018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to estimate the strength of association among smokers with variables regarding mental health, family functionality, and use of other psychoactive substances. This is a case-control observational study developed from March to November 2016. The study was conducted in a Brazilian Midwest municipality with 646 subjects, of which 323 were cases. In the model, the case group comprised subjects with a certain degree of tobacco dependence. The control group included subjects that were not exposed to tobacco. Concerning tobacco use time, the mean exposure of the case group was 25.65 years. In the multiple logistic regression analysis model the following were positively associated: non-white skin color (p = 0.002); years of study ≤ 8 (p < 0.001); having children (p < 0.001); informal work (p = 0.024); not having a health plan (p < 0.001); high family dysfunction (p = 0.007); AUDIT ≥ 8 (p < 0.001); depression (p < 0.001); having illicit drug in lifetime (p < 0.001); living with other people (p = 0.003) and no religion (p = 0.001). This study reinforces the vulnerability of smokers, associating variables correlated to the field of mental health, and innovates by discussing the influence of family relationships on nicotinic dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Aquino de Amorim
- Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Goiás. Av. Lamartine P. de Avelar 1120, Campus Universitário. 75704-020 Catalão GO Brasil.
| | - Roselma Lucchese
- Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Goiás. Av. Lamartine P. de Avelar 1120, Campus Universitário. 75704-020 Catalão GO Brasil.
| | | | | | - Ivânia Vera
- Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Goiás. Av. Lamartine P. de Avelar 1120, Campus Universitário. 75704-020 Catalão GO Brasil.
| | | | - Naiane Dias Simões
- Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Goiás. Av. Lamartine P. de Avelar 1120, Campus Universitário. 75704-020 Catalão GO Brasil.
| | - Luiz Henrique Batista Monteiro
- Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri. Diamantina MG Brasil
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Benchaya MC, Moreira TDC, Constant HMRM, Pereira NM, Freese L, Ferigolo M, Barros HMT. Role of Parenting Styles in Adolescent Substance Use Cessation: Results from a Brazilian Prospective Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E3432. [PMID: 31527470 PMCID: PMC6765768 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16183432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to identify the association between parenting styles and behavioral changes among adolescents regarding the consumption of alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, cocaine/crack. METHODS A group of ninety-nine adolescents (39 girls and 60 boys), aged 14 to 19 years (17.05 ± 1.51), who called in to a call center that provides counseling to substance users, was followed-up for 30 days. Data collection occurred between March 2009 and October 2015. The adolescents answered questions regarding parental responsiveness and demanding nature on a scale to assess parental styles and provided sociodemographic data, substance abuse consumption characteristics, and the Contemplation Ladder scale score. RESULTS The parental styles most reported by the adolescents were authoritative (30%) and indulgent (28%). Children who perceived their mothers as having an indulgent style and who had absent fathers presented more difficulties in making behavioral changes to avoid alcohol and cocaine/crack consumption. CONCLUSION The study found that parent-child relationships were associated with a lack of change in the adolescent regarding substance use behavior, particularly the consumption of alcohol and cocaine/crack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Canellas Benchaya
- Graduate Program in Health Science, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre-UFCSPA, Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil.
- Department of Psychology in Lutheran, University of Brazil, ULBRA, Gravataí 94170-240, Brazil.
| | - Taís de Campos Moreira
- Graduate Program in Health Science, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre-UFCSPA, Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil.
| | - Hilda Maria Rodrigues Moleda Constant
- Graduate Program in Health Science, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre-UFCSPA, Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil.
| | - Natália Masiero Pereira
- Graduate Program in Health Science, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre-UFCSPA, Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil.
| | - Luana Freese
- Graduate Program in Health Science, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre-UFCSPA, Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Department of Pharmacosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre-UFCSPA. Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil.
| | - Maristela Ferigolo
- Graduate Program in Health Science, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre-UFCSPA, Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil.
| | - Helena Maria Tannhauser Barros
- Graduate Program in Health Science, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre-UFCSPA, Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Department of Pharmacosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre-UFCSPA. Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil.
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Valente JY, Moreira TC, Ferigolo M, Barros HM. Randomized clinical trial to change parental practices for drug use in a telehealth prevention program: a pilot study. JORNAL DE PEDIATRIA (VERSÃO EM PORTUGUÊS) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedp.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Randomized clinical trial to change parental practices for drug use in a telehealth prevention program: a pilot study. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2019; 95:334-341. [PMID: 29571681 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Programs for parents have been found to have a direct positive impact on reducing the consumption of psychoactive substances by adolescents, as well as having an indirect impact on reducing risk factors and increasing protective factors. The present study aimed to verify if a telehealth prevention program based on a brief motivational intervention helps to reduce parental risk practices and increase parental protective practices for drug use in comparison with psychoeducation. METHODS A pilot randomized controlled trial was performed at the National Service of Guidance and Information on Drug Use (Ligue 132), from September 2014 to December 2015, with the parents of adolescents (n=26). The outcome measures were parental style, risk, and protective parental practices. RESULTS The brief motivational intervention was found to be more effective than psychoeducation in reducing the negligent behavior of parents. Furthermore, when comparing pre- and post-intervention data, the brief motivational intervention helped to change parental style and the large majority of parental practices: increasing positive monitoring, as well as decreasing physical abuse, relaxed discipline, inconsistent punishment, and negative monitoring. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that the telehealth intervention is effective in modifying the parental practices known to help in preventing drug use. Studies with more number of subjects are required so that the results can be substantiated and generalized.
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Predicting latent classes of drug use among adolescents through parental alcohol use and parental style: a longitudinal study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2019; 54:455-467. [PMID: 30542961 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-018-1645-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study examined the roles of parental alcohol use and parental style as predictors of adolescent patterns of drug use. METHODS 6391 students in the 7th and 8th grades at 72 Brazilian public schools participated in a three-wave randomized controlled trial to evaluate a school drug-use prevention program. Patterns of drug use were identified through two latent class analyses using measures of the adolescents' past-year drug use. Multinomial logistic regression analyses examined whether parental alcohol use and parenting style at baseline predicted patterns of drug use in waves 2 and 3 of the study after controlling for sociodemographic covariates. RESULTS In each of the two waves, three latent classes of drug use were identified among the students, defining three different groups of individuals: (1) abstainers/low users, (2) alcohol users/binge drinkers, and (3) polydrug users. First, parenting style (especially monitoring) was the strongest predictor for the prevention of polydrug use among adolescents. Second, occasional alcohol use by parents can act as a central predictor for adolescent alcohol use and binge drinking. Above all, maternal episodes of drunkenness were involved in the predictive models for both drug use classes in both waves. CONCLUSION Parental alcohol use and parenting style seem to be important predictors of adolescent's likelihood of belonging to different latent classes of drug use. This conclusion may point to the importance of considering the inclusion of parenting skills and parental alcohol use within the scope of adolescents' preventive interventions.
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Evaluation of Family Skills Training Programs to Prevent Alcohol and Drug Use: A Critical Review of the Field in Latin America. Int J Ment Health Addict 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-019-00060-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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Branjerdporn G, Meredith P, Strong J, Green M. Sensory sensitivity and its relationship with adult attachment and parenting styles. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0209555. [PMID: 30625166 PMCID: PMC6326416 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Parenting styles vary in levels of both warmth and control, with evidence that type of parenting behavior is linked with social-emotional and other developmental outcomes for children. There are well-established associations between adult attachment and parenting styles. Given emerging evidence that people with different attachment patterns vary in how they receive and modulate sensory information, there are potential implications for parenting which have rarely received research attention. This cross-sectional study investigates the links between parenting style and parental sensory sensitivity, and the possible mediating role of parental sensory sensitivity in the relationship between adult attachment and parenting styles. A convenience sample of 155 parents of children aged 4-12 years old completed an online survey measuring: adult attachment (Experiences in Close Relationships-Modified 16-item Scale), sensory sensitivity (Highly Sensitive Persons Scale-Shortened Version), and parenting styles (Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire). Correlation, regression and mediation analyses were conducted. Analyses revealed that parents who reported more attachment insecurity also reported higher levels of parental sensory sensitivity, and more authoritarian and/or permissive (non-optimal) parenting styles. Parental sensory sensitivity was found to fully mediate the relationship between attachment avoidance and permissive parenting, and to partially mediate the relationship between attachment anxiety and both authoritarian and permissive parenting. This study represents the first quantitative evidence for associations between parental sensory sensitivity and parenting styles, and the mediating effect of parental sensory sensitivity on the known relationship between attachment insecurity and parenting. Awareness of a parent's level of sensory sensitivity, in addition to his/her attachment style, may assist in developing effective strategies to meet both the parent's and child's needs and support the parent-child relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Branjerdporn
- School of Rehabilitation and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Pamela Meredith
- School of Rehabilitation and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jenny Strong
- School of Rehabilitation and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mandy Green
- School of Rehabilitation and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Klanjšek R, Tement S. Alcohol and Drug Use among Youth - The Interplay of Future Orientation, Parenting, and Housing Conditions. Subst Use Misuse 2019; 54:1956-1969. [PMID: 31156007 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2019.1621902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background: Past research indicated that future orientation might protect against substance use; however, this potential had not yet been examined in the context of a multiple risk factor model that would include different parenting styles and indicators of the material situation. Additionally, past research draws primarily from a limited set of geographical regions, often using convenience samples of children and adolescents. Objectives: The current study addresses these issues by examining (in)direct relationships between substance use (alcohol, marijuana, hard drugs), future orientation, different parenting styles (authoritarian, authoritative, permissive), and family housing conditions, using a representative sample of Slovenian youth. Methods: Correlational and path analyses were used to test the proposed hypotheses. Additionally, possible mediating pathways were examined and evaluated. Results: Findings indicated a negative relation between future orientation and use of all substances. Next, future orientation fully mediated the effect of authoritative parenting on substance use. Finally, housing conditions had a direct and positive effect on authoritative parenting, a direct and an indirect effect on future orientation and only an indirect (through authoritative parenting and future orientation) effect on substance use. Conclusions: Results, besides indicating the relevance of future orientation in understanding substance use among youth, highlight the importance of authoritative parenting (that spans beyond childhood and adolescence) and housing conditions on the development of future orientation. In addition, findings highlight the importance of the material situation when examining antecedents of substance use among youth that might be missed if only direct effects are observed. Results are discussed in the context of the risk factor paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudi Klanjšek
- Department of Sociology, University of Maribor , Maribor , Slovenia, EU
| | - Sara Tement
- Department of Psychology, University of Maribor , Maribor , Slovenia
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Lindner P, Siljeholm O, Johansson M, Forster M, Andreasson S, Hammarberg A. Combining online Community Reinforcement and Family Training (CRAFT) with a parent-training programme for parents with partners suffering from alcohol use disorder: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e020879. [PMID: 30099390 PMCID: PMC6089295 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Partners and children of individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) present with impaired quality of life and mental health, yet seldom seek or participate in traditional supportive interventions. Engaging the parent/partner without AUD in treatment is a promising way of supporting behavioural change in both the child and the parent with AUD. Universal parent-training (PT) programmes are effective in increasing children's well-being and decreasing problem behaviours, but have yet to be tailored for children with a parent with AUD. Community Reinforcement Approach And Family Training (CRAFT) programmes are conceptually similar, and aim to promote behavioural change in individuals with AUD by having a concerned significant other change environmental contingencies. There has been no study on whether these two interventions can be combined and tailored for partners of individuals with AUD with common children, and delivered as accessible, online self-help. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: n=300 participants with a child showing mental health problems and partner (co-parent) with AUD, but who do not themselves present with AUD, will be recruited from the general public and randomised 1:1 to either a four-module, online combined PT and CRAFT programme or a psychoeducation-only comparison intervention. Primary outcome will be the child's mental health. Additional outcomes will cover the partner's drinking, the participants own mental health and drinking, the child's social adjustment, treatment seeking in all three parties and parental self-efficacy. Measures will be collected preintervention, mid-intervention and postintervention, and three times during a 2-year follow-up period. Data will be analysed using mixed-effects modelling. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study has been approved by the Stockholm Regional Ethical Review Board (2016/2179-31). The results will be presented at conferences and published as peer-reviewed publications. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN38702517; Pre-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Lindner
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Dependency Disorders, Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ola Siljeholm
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Dependency Disorders, Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Johansson
- Centre for Dependency Disorders, Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Forster
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sven Andreasson
- Centre for Dependency Disorders, Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Hammarberg
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Dependency Disorders, Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
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Marihuana y drogas ilícitas en jóvenes mexicanos: Factores de riesgo y protección asociados a la edad de inicio del consumo. REVISTA IBEROAMERICANA DE PSICOLOGÍA 2018. [DOI: 10.33881/2027-1786.rip.11103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Objetivo: Determinar factores de riesgo y protección asociados a la edad de inicio del consumo de mariguana y drogas ilícitas en jóvenes mexicanos. Método: Se analizaron datos de 40,366 jóvenes participantes de la Encuesta de Cohesión Social para la Prevención de la Violencia y la Delincuencia (ECOPRED). Las variables asociadas con la edad de inicio del consumo de mariguana y otras drogas ilícitas fueron determinadas mediante dos modelos de riesgos proporcionales. Resultados: La edad mediana de inicio en consumo de drogas ilícitas osciló entre los 15 y 18 años, mientras que en consumo de marihuana fue de 17 años. En ambos modelos, tener un par consumidor de marihuana fue el factor más fuertemente asociado al inicio de consumo. Discusión: La edad de inicio de consumo revelada en el presente estudio resultó similar a aquella propuesta en investigaciones previas. A pesar de las diferencias de factores en cada modelo, tener un par consumidor de marihuana y el consumo previo de tabaco (variable moderadora) resultaron los factores más fuertemente asociados en ambos modelos.
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Lau C, Wong M, Dudovitz R. School Disciplinary Style and Adolescent Health. J Adolesc Health 2018; 62:136-142. [PMID: 29102555 PMCID: PMC5803299 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Parenting style is strongly associated with adolescent health. However, little is known about how school disciplinary style relates to health. We categorized adolescents' perceptions of their schools as authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, or neglectful, and test whether perceived school disciplinary style is associated with health. METHODS We analyze data from the RISE Up study (Reducing Health Inequities Through Social and Educational Change Follow-up), comprised of baseline (eighth grade) and 2-year follow-up surveys (10th grade) from 1,159 low-income minority adolescents in Los Angeles attending 157 schools. At 10th grade, students' ratings of school support and structure were used to categorize perceived school disciplinary style as authoritative (highest tertile for support and structure), authoritarian (low support, high structure), permissive (high support, low structure), neglectful (low on both dimensions), and average (middle tertile on either dimension). Mixed effects logistic regressions controlling for sociodemographic factors, parenting style, grades, and baseline health tested whether school disciplinary style was associated with substance use, violence, bullying, and depression symptoms. RESULTS Risky behaviors varied by school disciplinary style. After adjusting for covariates, compared with an average school disciplinary style, a neglectful school was associated with higher odds of substance use (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 2.3, p < .001) and bullying (AOR 1.5, p = .02), a permissive school was associated with higher odds of depression symptoms (AOR 2.1, p = .04), and an authoritative school was associated with lower odds of substance use (AOR .6, p = .049), violence (AOR .6, p = .03), and bullying (AOR .5, p = .001). CONCLUSIONS Structured and supportive school environments may impact the health of vulnerable adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Lau
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Mitchell Wong
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Rebecca Dudovitz
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California.
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Valente JY, Cogo-Moreira H, Sanchez ZM. Gradient of association between parenting styles and patterns of drug use in adolescence: A latent class analysis. Drug Alcohol Depend 2017; 180:272-278. [PMID: 28938185 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To identify different patterns of drug use in adolescence and determine if these are associated with parenting styles and other sociodemographic factors. METHODS A latent class analysis was conducted using baseline data collected in a sample (n=6381) from a randomized controlled trial conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the #Tamojunto drug-use prevention program, carried out with 7th- and 8th-grade public school students in six Brazilian cities. RESULTS Three latent classes were identified among the students: 1) abstainers/low users (81.54%), 2) alcohol users/binge drinkers (16.65%), and 3) polydrug users (1.80%). A gradient of inverse association was found between parenting styles (authoritative, authoritarian, and indulgent, with the neglectful style as a reference point) and the classes "alcohol users/binge drinkers" (aOR=0.36, 95%CI=0.27-0.47; aOR=0.56, 95%CI=0.43-0.72; and aOR=0.64, 95%CI=0.51-0.80, respectively) and "polydrug users" (aOR=0.09, 95%CI=0.03-0.24; aOR=0.23, 95%CI=0.11-0.52; and aOR=0.24, 95%CI=0.08-0.74, respectively). Associations were also revealed between the latent classes and the adolescent's age and socioeconomic status. CONCLUSION The results suggest that activities to develop parenting skills should be included in school programs aimed at the prevention of drug use among adolescents in order to reduce neglectful practices and thereby possibly reduce drug use among the children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Y Valente
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Zila M Sanchez
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil.
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More A, Jackson B, Dimmock JA, Thornton AL, Colthart A, Furzer BJ. Exercise in the Treatment of Youth Substance Use Disorders: Review and Recommendations. Front Psychol 2017; 8:1839. [PMID: 29089915 PMCID: PMC5651015 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Substance use disorders among youth represent a significant public health concern. It is well established that regular exercise provides important physical and mental health benefits; however, evidence for the role of exercise as an adjunct component within substance use disorder treatment is scarce. In this review, we identify factors associated with the development and persistence of substance use disorders among youth, identify current treatment modalities, and present evidence to support the efficacy of incorporating exercise participation during rehabilitation. We also provide a series of recommendations for future research that explores the feasibility and effectiveness of exercise participation as a complement to substance use disorder treatment among youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alissa More
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise & Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Ben Jackson
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise & Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - James A Dimmock
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise & Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Ashleigh L Thornton
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise & Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Allan Colthart
- Drug and Alcohol Youth Service, Mental Health Commission and Mission Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Bonnie J Furzer
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise & Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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Gaete J, Tornero B, Valenzuela D, Rojas-Barahona CA, Salmivalli C, Valenzuela E, Araya R. Substance Use among Adolescents Involved in Bullying: A Cross-Sectional Multilevel Study. Front Psychol 2017; 8:1056. [PMID: 28701974 PMCID: PMC5487445 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Being involved in bullying as a victim or perpetrator could have deleterious health consequences. Even though there is some evidence that bullies and victims of bullying have a higher risk for drug use, less is known about bystanders. The aim of this research was to study the association between bullying experience (as victims, bullies, or bystanders) and substance use. We gathered complete information from a nationally representative sample of 36,687 students (51.4% female) attending 756 schools in Chile. We used a self-reported questionnaire which was developed based on similar instruments used elsewhere. This questionnaire was piloted and presented to an expert panel for approval. We used multilevel multivariate logistic regression analyses, controlling for several variables at the individual (e.g., school membership, parental monitoring) and school levels (e.g., school type, school denomination). This study shows that bullies and bully-victims have a high risk for cigarette, alcohol, and cannabis use than bystanders. This is one of the few studies exploring the association between witnessing bullying and substance use. These findings add new insights to the study of the co-occurrence of bullying and substance use. Other factors, such as higher academic performance, stronger school membership, and better parental monitoring reduced the risk of any substance use, while the experience of domestic violence and the perception of social disorganization in the neighborhood, increased the risk. These findings may help the design of preventive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Gaete
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondon, United Kingdom.,Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Universidad de los AndesSantiago, Chile
| | | | | | | | | | - Eduardo Valenzuela
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Ricardo Araya
- Centre for Global Mental Health and Primary Care Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondon, United Kingdom
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Hodačová L, Šmejkalová J, Čermáková E, Kalman M. Experience of Czech Children with Alcohol Consumption in Relation to Selected Family Indicators. Cent Eur J Public Health 2017; 25:22-28. [PMID: 28399351 DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a4381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to monitor and analyze the influence of chosen family indicators related to alcohol consumption and experience of drunkenness in a representative sample of Czech children. METHODS Data for our work were obtained from the Health Behaviour in School Aged Children (HBSC) study - a World Health Organization (WHO) cross national study. The sample consisted of 4,293 children aged 11, 13 and 15 years. Data collection was conducted in June 2010 in 88 randomly selected schools in the Czech Republic using standardized questionnaires. Statistical analysis was performed in the program NCSS 9, methods of descriptive statistics, χ2 test of independence in the contingency tables and logistic regression analysis were used. RESULTS Regular alcohol consumption (at least weekly) was reported by 7.4% of children aged eleven, 19.3% of children aged thirteen and 38.4% of children aged fifteen years. Drunkenness at least twice in their life was admitted by 3% of children aged eleven, 15% of children aged thirteen and 43% of children aged fifteen years. Both alcohol consumption and drunkenness were significantly associated (p<0.001) with age and gender. Formal structure of family was found to have significant effect on the experience of drunkenness, but no effect on alcohol consumption was recorded. Based on our results, neither the amount of time spent together, nor the children communication with parents had a statistically significant influence on alcohol consumption or drunkenness experience within each family type. However, statistically significant differences were observed between different family types (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate a high degree of liberalism of Czech society towards alcohol. It appears that alcohol consumption will remain a serious problem in Czech society, therefore, more attention should be paid to this phenomenon in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Hodačová
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jindra Šmejkalová
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Čermáková
- Computer Technology Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Kalman
- Department of Recreology, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Gaete J, Araya R. Individual and contextual factors associated with tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis use among Chilean adolescents: A multilevel study. J Adolesc 2017; 56:166-178. [PMID: 28259098 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2017.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We studied the association between individual and contextual variables and the use of tobacco, alcohol, or cannabis in the last 30 days preceding the study, considering the hierarchical nature of students nested in schools. We used the 7th Chilean National School Survey of Substance Use (2007) covering 45,273 students (aged 12-21 years old) along with information from 1465 schools provided by the Chilean Ministry of Education. Multilevel univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were performed. We found a significant intra-class correlation within schools for all substances in the study. Common (e.g., availability of pocket money, more time spent with friends, poor parental monitoring, poor school bonding, bullying others, and lower risk perception of substance use) and unique predictors (e.g., school achievement on national tests) were identified. These findings may help in planning and conducting preventive interventions to reduce substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Gaete
- Departamento de Salud Pública y Epidemiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile; Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Ricardo Araya
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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