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Gatsios A, Kim CS, York AG, Flavell RA, Crawford JM. Cellular Stress-Induced Metabolites in Escherichia coli. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2022; 85:2626-2640. [PMID: 36346625 PMCID: PMC9949963 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c00706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Escherichia coli isolates commonly inhabit the human microbiota, yet the majority of E. coli's small-molecule repertoire remains uncharacterized. We previously employed erythromycin-induced translational stress to facilitate the characterization of autoinducer-3 (AI-3) and structurally related pyrazinones derived from "abortive" tRNA synthetase reactions in pathogenic, commensal, and probiotic E. coli isolates. In this study, we explored the "missing" tryptophan-derived pyrazinone reaction and characterized two other families of metabolites that were similarly upregulated under erythromycin stress. Strikingly, the abortive tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase reaction leads to a tetracyclic indole alkaloid metabolite (1) rather than a pyrazinone. Furthermore, erythromycin induced two naphthoquinone-functionalized metabolites (MK-hCys, 2; and MK-Cys, 3) and four lumazines (7-10). Using genetic and metabolite analyses coupled with biomimetic synthesis, we provide support that the naphthoquinones are derived from 4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoic acid (DHNA), an intermediate in the menaquinone biosynthetic pathway, and the amino acids homocysteine and cysteine. In contrast, the lumazines are dependent on a flavin intermediate and α-ketoacids from the aminotransferases AspC and TyrB. We show that one of the lumazine members (9), an indole-functionalized analogue, possesses antioxidant properties, modulates the anti-inflammatory fate of isolated TH17 cells, and serves as an aryl-hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonist. These three systems described here serve to illustrate that new metabolic branches could be more commonly derived from well-established primary metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Gatsios
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Institute of Biomolecular Design & Discovery, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Chung Sub Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Institute of Biomolecular Design & Discovery, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
- School of Pharmacy and Department of Biopharmaceutical Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Autumn G. York
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Richard A. Flavell
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jason M. Crawford
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Institute of Biomolecular Design & Discovery, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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2
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Illikoud N, Mantel M, Rolli-Derkinderen M, Gagnaire V, Jan G. Dairy starters and fermented dairy products modulate gut mucosal immunity. Immunol Lett 2022; 251-252:91-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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3
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Xing C, Du Y, Duan T, Nim K, Chu J, Wang HY, Wang RF. Interaction between microbiota and immunity and its implication in colorectal cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:963819. [PMID: 35967333 PMCID: PMC9373904 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.963819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death in the world. Besides genetic causes, colonic inflammation is one of the major risk factors for CRC development, which is synergistically regulated by multiple components, including innate and adaptive immune cells, cytokine signaling, and microbiota. The complex interaction between CRC and the gut microbiome has emerged as an important area of current CRC research. Metagenomic profiling has identified a number of prominent CRC-associated bacteria that are enriched in CRC patients, linking the microbiota composition to colitis and cancer development. Some microbiota species have been reported to promote colitis and CRC development in preclinical models, while a few others are identified as immune modulators to induce potent protective immunity against colitis and CRC. Mechanistically, microbiota regulates the activation of different immune cell populations, inflammation, and CRC via crosstalk between innate and adaptive immune signaling pathways, including nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), type I interferon, and inflammasome. In this review, we provide an overview of the potential interactions between gut microbiota and host immunity and how their crosstalk could synergistically regulate inflammation and CRC, thus highlighting the potential roles and mechanisms of gut microbiota in the development of microbiota-based therapies to prevent or alleviate colitis and CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changsheng Xing
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Yang Du
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Tianhao Duan
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Kelly Nim
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Junjun Chu
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Helen Y. Wang
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Rong-Fu Wang
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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4
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Listeria monocytogenes MenI Encodes a DHNA-CoA Thioesterase Necessary for Menaquinone Biosynthesis, Cytosolic Survival, and Virulence. Infect Immun 2021; 89:IAI.00792-20. [PMID: 33619030 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00792-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive, intracellular pathogen that is highly adapted to invade and replicate in the cytosol of eukaryotic cells. Intermediate metabolites in the menaquinone biosynthesis pathway are essential for the cytosolic survival and virulence of L. monocytogenes, independent of the production of menaquinone (MK) and aerobic respiration. Determining which specific intermediate metabolite(s) are essential for cytosolic survival and virulence has been hindered by the lack of an identified 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoyl-coenzyme A (DHNA-CoA) thioesterase essential for converting DHNA-CoA to DHNA in the MK synthesis pathway. Using the recently identified Escherichia coli DHNA-CoA thioesterase as a query, homology sequence analysis revealed a single homolog in L. monocytogenes, LMRG_02730 Genetic deletion of LMRG_02730 resulted in an ablated membrane potential, indicative of a nonfunctional electron transport chain (ETC) and an inability to aerobically respire. Biochemical kinetic analysis of LMRG_02730 revealed strong activity toward DHNA-CoA, similar to its E. coli homolog, further demonstrating that LMRG_02730 is a DHNA-CoA thioesterase. Functional analyses in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo using mutants directly downstream and upstream of LMRG_02730 revealed that DHNA-CoA is sufficient to facilitate in vitro growth in minimal medium, intracellular replication, and plaque formation in fibroblasts. In contrast, protection against bacteriolysis in the cytosol of macrophages and tissue-specific virulence in vivo requires the production of 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoate (DHNA). Taken together, these data implicate LMRG_02730 (renamed MenI) as a DHNA-CoA thioesterase and suggest that while DHNA, or an unknown downstream product of DHNA, protects the bacteria from killing in the macrophage cytosol, DHNA-CoA is necessary for intracellular bacterial replication.
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5
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Tarnaud F, Gaucher F, do Carmo FLR, Illikoud N, Jardin J, Briard-Bion V, Guyomarc'h F, Gagnaire V, Jan G. Differential Adaptation of Propionibacterium freudenreichii CIRM-BIA129 to Cow's Milk Versus Soymilk Environments Modulates Its Stress Tolerance and Proteome. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:549027. [PMID: 33335514 PMCID: PMC7736159 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.549027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Propionibacterium freudenreichii is a beneficial bacterium that modulates the gut microbiota, motility and inflammation. It is traditionally consumed within various fermented dairy products. Changes to consumer habits in the context of food transition are, however, driving the demand for non-dairy fermented foods, resulting in a considerable development of plant-based fermented products that require greater scientific knowledge. Fermented soymilks, in particular, offer an alternative source of live probiotics. While the adaptation of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) to such vegetable substrates is well documented, little is known about that of propionibacteria. We therefore investigated the adaptation of Propionibacterium freudenreichii to soymilk by comparison to cow's milk. P. freudenreichii grew in cow's milk but not in soymilk, but it did grow in soymilk when co-cultured with the lactic acid bacterium Lactobacillus plantarum. When grown in soymilk ultrafiltrate (SUF, the aqueous phase of soymilk), P. freudenreichii cells appeared thinner and rectangular-shaped, while they were thicker and more rounded in cow's milk utltrafiltrate (MUF, the aqueous phase of cow milk). The amount of extractable surface proteins (SlpA, SlpB, SlpD, SlpE) was furthermore reduced in SUF, when compared to MUF. This included the SlpB protein, previously shown to modulate adhesion and immunomodulation in P. freudenreichii. Tolerance toward an acid and toward a bile salts challenge were enhanced in SUF. By contrast, tolerance toward an oxidative and a thermal challenge were enhanced in MUF. A whole-cell proteomic approach further identified differential expression of 35 proteins involved in amino acid transport and metabolism (including amino acid dehydrogenase, amino acid transporter), 32 proteins involved in carbohydrate transport and metabolism (including glycosyltransferase, PTS), indicating metabolic adaptation to the substrate. The culture medium also modulated the amount of stress proteins involved in stress remediation: GroEL, OpuCA, CysK, DnaJ, GrpE, in line with the modulation of stress tolerance. Changing the fermented substrate may thus significantly affect the fermentative and probiotic properties of dairy propionibacteria. This needs to be considered when developing new fermented functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Floriane Gaucher
- INRAE, Institut Agro, STLO, Rennes, France
- Bioprox, Levallois-Perret, France
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6
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Gaucher F, Rabah H, Kponouglo K, Bonnassie S, Pottier S, Dolivet A, Marchand P, Jeantet R, Blanc P, Jan G. Intracellular osmoprotectant concentrations determine Propionibacterium freudenreichii survival during drying. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:3145-3156. [PMID: 32076782 PMCID: PMC7062905 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10425-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Propionibacterium freudenreichii is a beneficial bacterium widely used in food as a probiotic and as a cheese-ripening starter. In these different applications, it is produced, dried, and stored before being used. Both freeze-drying and spray-drying were considered for this purpose. Freeze-drying is a discontinuous process that is energy-consuming but that allows high cell survival. Spray-drying is a continuous process that is more energy-efficient but that can lead to massive bacterial death related to heat, osmotic, and oxidative stresses. We have shown that P. freudenreichii cultivated in hyperconcentrated rich media can be spray-dried with limited bacterial death. However, the general stress tolerance conferred by this hyperosmotic constraint remained a black box. In this study, we modulated P. freudenreichii growth conditions and monitored both osmoprotectant accumulation and stress tolerance acquisition. Changing the ratio between the carbohydrates provided and non-protein nitrogen during growth under osmotic constraint modulated osmoprotectant accumulation. This, in turn, was correlated with P. freudenreichii tolerance towards different stresses, on the one hand, and towards freeze-drying and spray-drying, on the other. Surprisingly, trehalose accumulation correlated with spray-drying survival and glycine betaine accumulation with freeze-drying. This first report showing the ability to modulate the trehalose/GB ratio in osmoprotectants accumulated by a probiotic bacterium opens new perspectives for the optimization of probiotics production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floriane Gaucher
- UMR STLO, INRAE, Agrocampus Ouest, 35042, Rennes, France.,Bioprox, 6 rue Barbès, 92532, Levallois-Perret, France
| | - Houem Rabah
- UMR STLO, INRAE, Agrocampus Ouest, 35042, Rennes, France.,Pôle Agronomique Ouest, Régions Bretagne et Pays de la Loire, 35042, Rennes, France
| | | | - Sylvie Bonnassie
- UMR STLO, INRAE, Agrocampus Ouest, 35042, Rennes, France.,Université de Rennes I, Rennes, France
| | - Sandrine Pottier
- CNRS, ISCR - UMR 6226, University Rennes, PRISM, BIOSIT - UMS 3480, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Anne Dolivet
- UMR STLO, INRAE, Agrocampus Ouest, 35042, Rennes, France
| | | | - Romain Jeantet
- UMR STLO, INRAE, Agrocampus Ouest, 35042, Rennes, France
| | | | - Gwénaël Jan
- UMR STLO, INRAE, Agrocampus Ouest, 35042, Rennes, France.
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7
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Chen GY, Kao CY, Smith HB, Rust DP, Powers ZM, Li AY, Sauer JD. Mutation of the Transcriptional Regulator YtoI Rescues Listeria monocytogenes Mutants Deficient in the Essential Shared Metabolite 1,4-Dihydroxy-2-Naphthoate (DHNA). Infect Immun 2019; 88:e00366-19. [PMID: 31685546 PMCID: PMC6921671 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00366-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes, a Gram-positive, facultative intracellular pathogen, survives and replicates in the cytosol of host cells. Synthesis of 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoate (DHNA), an intermediate of menaquinone biosynthesis, is essential for cytosolic survival of L. monocytogenes independent from its role in respiration. Here, we demonstrate that DHNA is essential for virulence in a murine model of listeriosis due to both respiration-dependent and -independent functions. In addition, DHNA can be both secreted and utilized as an extracellular shared metabolite to promote cytosolic survival inside host macrophages. To understand the role(s) of DHNA in L. monocytogenes intracellular survival and virulence, we isolated DHNA-deficient (ΔmenD strain) suppressor mutants that formed plaques in monolayers of fibroblasts. Five ΔmenD suppressor (mds) mutants additionally rescued at least 50% of the cytosolic survival defect of the parent ΔmenD mutant. Whole-genome sequencing revealed that four of the five suppressor mutants had independent missense mutations in a putative transcriptional regulator, ytoI (lmo1576). Clean deletion and complementation in trans confirmed that loss of ytoI could restore plaquing and cytosolic survival of DHNA-deficient L. monocytogenes RNA-seq transcriptome analysis revealed five genes (lmo0944, lmo1575, lmo1577, lmo2005, and lmo2006) expressed at a higher level in the ΔytoI strain than in the wild-type strain, whereas two genes (lmo1917 and lmo2103) demonstrated lower expression in the ΔytoI mutant. Intriguingly, the majority of these genes are involved in controlling pyruvate flux. Metabolic analysis confirmed that acetoin, acetate, and lactate flux were altered in a ΔytoI mutant, suggesting a critical role for regulating these metabolic programs. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that, similar to findings in select other bacteria, DHNA can act as a shared resource, and it is essential for cytosolic survival and virulence of L. monocytogenes Furthermore, we have identified a novel transcriptional regulator in L. monocytogenes and determined that its metabolic regulation is implicated in cytosolic survival of L. monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grischa Y Chen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison Wisconsin, USA
| | - Cheng-Yen Kao
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison Wisconsin, USA
| | - Hans B Smith
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison Wisconsin, USA
| | - Drew P Rust
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison Wisconsin, USA
| | - Zachary M Powers
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison Wisconsin, USA
| | - Alexandria Y Li
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison Wisconsin, USA
| | - John-Demian Sauer
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison Wisconsin, USA
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8
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Morton JT, Aksenov AA, Nothias LF, Foulds JR, Quinn RA, Badri MH, Swenson TL, Van Goethem MW, Northen TR, Vazquez-Baeza Y, Wang M, Bokulich NA, Watters A, Song SJ, Bonneau R, Dorrestein PC, Knight R. Learning representations of microbe-metabolite interactions. Nat Methods 2019; 16:1306-1314. [PMID: 31686038 PMCID: PMC6884698 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-019-0616-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Integrating multiomics datasets is critical for microbiome research; however, inferring interactions across omics datasets has multiple statistical challenges. We solve this problem by using neural networks (https://github.com/biocore/mmvec) to estimate the conditional probability that each molecule is present given the presence of a specific microorganism. We show with known environmental (desert soil biocrust wetting) and clinical (cystic fibrosis lung) examples, our ability to recover microbe-metabolite relationships, and demonstrate how the method can discover relationships between microbially produced metabolites and inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- James T Morton
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alexander A Aksenov
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovaftion Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Louis Felix Nothias
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovaftion Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - James R Foulds
- Department of Information Systems, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert A Quinn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | | | - Tami L Swenson
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Marc W Van Goethem
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Trent R Northen
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- DOE Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, USA
| | - Yoshiki Vazquez-Baeza
- Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mingxun Wang
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovaftion Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas A Bokulich
- The Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Aaron Watters
- Flatiron Institute, Simons Foundation, New York, NY, USA
| | - Se Jin Song
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Richard Bonneau
- Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- Flatiron Institute, Simons Foundation, New York, NY, USA
- Computer Science Department, Courant Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Center For Data Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pieter C Dorrestein
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovaftion Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Gaucher F, Kponouglo K, Rabah H, Bonnassie S, Ossemond J, Pottier S, Jardin J, Briard-Bion V, Marchand P, Blanc P, Jeantet R, Jan G. Propionibacterium freudenreichii CIRM-BIA 129 Osmoadaptation Coupled to Acid-Adaptation Increases Its Viability During Freeze-Drying. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2324. [PMID: 31681198 PMCID: PMC6797830 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Propionibacterium freudenreichii is a beneficial bacterium with documented effects on the gut microbiota and on inflammation. Its presence within the animal and human intestinal microbiota was correlated with immunomodulatory effects, mediated by both propionibacterial surface components and by secreted metabolites. It is widely implemented, both in the manufacture of fermented dairy products such as Swiss-type cheeses, and in the production of probiotic food complements, under the form of freeze-dried powders. The bottleneck of this drying process consists in the limited survival of bacteria during drying and storage. Protective pre-treatments have been applied to other bacteria and may, in a strain-dependent manner, confer enhanced resistance. However, very little information was yet published on P. freudenreichii adaptation to freeze-drying. In this report, an immunomodulatory strain of this probiotic bacterium was cultured under hyperosmotic constraint in order to trigger osmoadaptation. This adaptation was then combined with acid or thermal pre-treatment. Such combination led to accumulation of key stress proteins, of intracellular compatible solute glycine betaine, to modulation of the propionibacterial membrane composition, and to enhanced survival upon freeze-drying. This work opens new perspectives for efficient production of live and active probiotic propionibacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floriane Gaucher
- UMR STLO, Agrocampus Ouest, INRA, Rennes, France
- Bioprox, Levallois-Perret, France
| | | | - Houem Rabah
- UMR STLO, Agrocampus Ouest, INRA, Rennes, France
- Bba, Pôle Agronomique Ouest, Régions Bretagne et Pays de la Loire, Rennes, France
| | - Sylvie Bonnassie
- UMR STLO, Agrocampus Ouest, INRA, Rennes, France
- Université de Rennes I, Rennes, France
| | | | - Sandrine Pottier
- CNRS, ISCR – UMR 6226, PRISM, BIOSIT – UMS 3480 Université de Rennes I, Rennes, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Gwénaël Jan
- UMR STLO, Agrocampus Ouest, INRA, Rennes, France
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10
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Rabah H, Ferret-Bernard S, Huang S, Le Normand L, Cousin FJ, Gaucher F, Jeantet R, Boudry G, Jan G. The Cheese Matrix Modulates the Immunomodulatory Properties of Propionibacterium freudenreichii CIRM-BIA 129 in Healthy Piglets. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2584. [PMID: 30420848 PMCID: PMC6215859 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Propionibacterium freudenreichii is a beneficial bacterium, used as a cheese starter, which presents versatile probiotic properties. These properties are strain-dependent. We hypothesized they may also be delivery vehicle-dependent. In this study, we thus explored in healthy piglets how the cheese matrix affects the immunomodulatory properties of P. freudenreichii. During 2 weeks, three groups of weaned piglets consumed, respectively, P. freudenreichii as a liquid culture (PF-culture), P. freudenreichii under the form of a cheese (PF-cheese), or a control sterile cheese matrix (Cheese-matrix). The in vivo metabolic activity of P. freudenreichii was assessed by determining short chain fatty acids (SCFA) concentration and bifidobacteria population in feces. Whatever the delivery vehicle, P. freudenreichii was metabolically active in piglets' colon and enhanced both bifidobacteria and SCFA in feces. P. freudenreichii consumption decreased the secretion of TNFα and of IL-10 by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). It did not alter IL-10, IFNγ, IL-17, and TNFα secretion in mesenteric lymph node immune cells (MLNC). PF-cheese enhanced significantly Treg phenotype, while PF-culture decreased significantly Th17 phenotype in PBMC and MLNC. Remarkably, only PF-cheese induced an increase of Th2 phenotype in PBMC and MLNC. Ex vivo stimulation of PBMC and MLNC by Lipopolysaccharides and Concanavalin A emphasized the difference in the immunomodulatory responses between PF-culture and PF-cheese group, as well as between PBMC and MLNC. This study shows the importance to consider the delivery vehicle for probiotic administration. It confirms the anti-inflammatory potential of P. freudenreichii. It opens new perspectives for the use propionibacteria-fermented products as preventive agents for inflammatory bowel diseases and intestinal infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houem Rabah
- STLO, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, Rennes, France
- Pôle Agronomique Ouest, Rennes, France
| | | | - Song Huang
- STLO, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, Rennes, France
| | - Laurence Le Normand
- INRA, INSERM, Univ Rennes, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer, NuMeCan, Rennes, France
| | | | - Floriane Gaucher
- STLO, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, Rennes, France
- Bioprox, Levallois-Perret, France
| | | | - Gaëlle Boudry
- INRA, INSERM, Univ Rennes, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer, NuMeCan, Rennes, France
| | - Gwénaël Jan
- STLO, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, Rennes, France
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11
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V T Nair D, Kollanoor-Johny A. Effect of Propionibacterium freudenreichii on Salmonella multiplication, motility, and association with avian epithelial cells1. Poult Sci 2018; 96:1376-1386. [PMID: 27738122 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of a probiotic bacterium, Propionibacterium freudenreichii, on Salmonella multiplication, motility, and association to and invasion of avian epithelial cells in vitro. Two subspecies of P. freudenreichii (P. freudenreichii subsp. freudenreichii and P. freudenreichii subsp. shermanii) were tested against 3 Salmonella serotypes in poultry, namely, S. Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium, and S. Heidelberg, using co-culture-, motility, multiplication, cell association, and invasion assays. Both strains of P. freudenreichii were effective in reducing or inhibiting multiplication of all 3 Salmonella serotypes in co-culture and turkey cecal contents (P ≤ 0.05). P. freudenreichii significantly reduced Salmonella motility (P ≤ 0.05). Cell culture studies revealed that P. freudenreichii associated with the avian epithelial cells effectively and reduced S. Enteritidis, S. Heidelberg, and S. Typhimurium cell association in the range of 1.0 to 1.6 log10 CFU/mL, and invasion in the range of 1.3 to 1.5 log10 CFU/mL (P ≤ 0.05), respectively. Our current in vitro results indicate the potential of P. freudenreichii against Salmonella in poultry. Follow-up in vivo studies are underway to evaluate this possibility.
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Krupytska L, Kaprelyants L, Trufkati L, Velichko T, Kirilov V. TECHNOLOGY OF PRODUCING SYMBIOTIC BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE ADDITIVE. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.15673/fst.v12i2.930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The article presents data on the development of the technology of multicomponent probiotics from two bacterial strains: Bifidobacterium longum-Ya3 and Propionibacterium shermanii-4. The ability of bacteria of the genus Propionibacterium to have a selective stimulating effect on the growth of bacteria of the genus Bifidobacterium has been characterised. Based on the experimental data obtained with the MATLAB software, optimal conditions were determined for the accumulation of the maximum amount of biomass of the consortium of Bifidobacterium longum-Ya3 and Propionibacterium shermanii-4. The main parameters that determined the yield of biomass in the process of cultivation under different temperature conditions (T=30°С, Т=34 °С, Т=37 °С) have been taken as the optimality criteria. These parameters are the number of colony-forming units and the active acidity. It has been established that the optimal time for cultivating a consortium of bifidobacteria and propionibacteria in a soy-lactose medium is 24 hours at a temperature of 34°C. On the basis of the data obtained, we have created a symbiotic BAA (biologically active additive) and developed a basic technological scheme for its production. The biologically active additive was created on the basis of the symbiotic consortium of bifido and propionibacteria containing 4 × 1010 CFU/cm3 of B. longum-Ya3, and 3 × 1010 CFU/cm3 of P. shermanii-4. The microbiological control of the quality of the obtained dietary supplement based on the consortium of the bacteria Bifidobacterium longum-Ya3 and Propionibacterium shermanii-4 has found no pathogenic and sanitary indicator microorganisms. It means that the finished product is safe and suitable for consumption. As for the organoleptic parameters, the BAA obtained is of a powder-like structure, beige-coloured, with a specific taste and smell.
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Dairy Propionibacteria: Versatile Probiotics. Microorganisms 2017; 5:microorganisms5020024. [PMID: 28505101 PMCID: PMC5488095 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms5020024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dairy propionibacteria are used as cheese ripening starters, as biopreservative and as beneficial additives, in the food industry. The main species, Propionibacterium freudenreichii, is known as GRAS (Generally Recognized As Safe, USA, FDA). In addition to another dairy species, Propionibacterium acidipropionici, they are included in QPS (Qualified Presumption of Safety) list. Additional to their well-known technological application, dairy propionibacteria increasingly attract attention for their promising probiotic properties. The purpose of this review is to summarize the probiotic characteristics of dairy propionibacteria reported by the updated literature. Indeed, they meet the selection criteria for probiotic bacteria, such as the ability to endure digestive stressing conditions and to adhere to intestinal epithelial cells. This is a prerequisite to bacterial persistence within the gut. The reported beneficial effects are ranked according to property’s type: microbiota modulation, immunomodulation, and cancer modulation. The proposed molecular mechanisms are discussed. Dairy propionibacteria are described as producers of nutraceuticals and beneficial metabolites that are responsible for their versatile probiotic attributes include short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), conjugated fatty acids, surface proteins, and 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphtoic acid (DHNA). These metabolites possess beneficial properties and their production depends on the strain and on the growth medium. The choice of the fermented food matrix may thus determine the probiotic properties of the ingested product. This review approaches dairy propionibacteria, with an interest in both technological abilities and probiotic attributes.
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Deutsch SM, Mariadassou M, Nicolas P, Parayre S, Le Guellec R, Chuat V, Peton V, Le Maréchal C, Burati J, Loux V, Briard-Bion V, Jardin J, Plé C, Foligné B, Jan G, Falentin H. Identification of proteins involved in the anti-inflammatory properties of Propionibacterium freudenreichii by means of a multi-strain study. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46409. [PMID: 28406170 PMCID: PMC5390290 DOI: 10.1038/srep46409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Propionibacterium freudenreichii, a dairy starter, can reach a population of almost 109 propionibacteria per gram in Swiss-type cheese at the time of consumption. Also consumed as a probiotic, it displays strain-dependent anti-inflammatory properties mediated by surface proteins that induce IL-10 in leukocytes. We selected 23 strains with varied anti-inflammatory potentials in order to identify the protein(s) involved. After comparative genomic analysis, 12 of these strains were further analysed by surface proteomics, eight of them being further submitted to transcriptomics. The omics data were then correlated to the anti-inflammatory potential evaluated by IL-10 induction. This comparative omics strategy highlighted candidate genes that were further subjected to gene-inactivation validation. This validation confirmed the contribution of surface proteins, including SlpB and SlpE, two proteins with SLH domains known to mediate non-covalent anchorage to the cell-wall. Interestingly, HsdM3, predicted as cytoplasmic and involved in DNA modification, was shown to contribute to anti-inflammatory activity. Finally, we demonstrated that a single protein cannot explain the anti-inflammatory properties of a strain. These properties therefore result from different combinations of surface and cytoplasmic proteins, depending on the strain. Our enhanced understanding of the molecular bases for immunomodulation will enable the relevant screening for bacterial resources with anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Victoria Chuat
- STLO, UMR 1253, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Vincent Peton
- STLO, UMR 1253, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, 35000, Rennes, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Julien Jardin
- STLO, UMR 1253, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Coline Plé
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Benoît Foligné
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Gwénaël Jan
- STLO, UMR 1253, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Hélène Falentin
- STLO, UMR 1253, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, 35000, Rennes, France
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Crosstalk between the gut and the liver via susceptibility loci: Novel advances in inflammatory bowel disease and autoimmune liver disease. Clin Immunol 2017; 175:115-123. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Aburjaile FF, Rohmer M, Parrinello H, Maillard MB, Beaucher E, Henry G, Nicolas A, Madec MN, Thierry A, Parayre S, Deutsch SM, Cocaign-Bousquet M, Miyoshi A, Azevedo V, Le Loir Y, Falentin H. Adaptation of Propionibacterium freudenreichii to long-term survival under gradual nutritional shortage. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:1007. [PMID: 27931189 PMCID: PMC5146858 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3367-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Propionibacterium freudenreichii is an Actinobacterium widely used in the dairy industry as a ripening culture for Swiss-type cheeses, for vitamin B12 production and some strains display probiotic properties. It is reportedly a hardy bacterium, able to survive the cheese-making process and digestive stresses. Results During this study, P. freudenreichii CIRM-BIA 138 (alias ITG P9), which has a generation time of five hours in Yeast Extract Lactate medium at 30 °C under microaerophilic conditions, was incubated for 11 days (9 days after entry into stationary phase) in a culture medium, without any adjunct during the incubation. The carbon and free amino acids sources available in the medium, and the organic acids produced by the strain, were monitored throughout growth and survival. Although lactate (the preferred carbon source for P. freudenreichii) was exhausted three days after inoculation, the strain sustained a high population level of 9.3 log10 CFU/mL. Its physiological adaptation was investigated by RNA-seq analysis and revealed a complete disruption of metabolism at the entry into stationary phase as compared to exponential phase. Conclusions P. freudenreichii adapts its metabolism during entry into stationary phase by down-regulating oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis, and the Wood-Werkman cycle by exploiting new nitrogen (glutamate, glycine, alanine) sources, by down-regulating the transcription, translation and secretion of protein. Utilization of polyphosphates was suggested. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-3367-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Figueira Aburjaile
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,INRA, UMR 1253, Science et Technologie du Lait et de l' Œuf, 35000, Rennes, France.,AGROCAMPUS OUEST, UMR1253, UMR Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Œuf, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Marine Rohmer
- UMS BioCampus- MGX Montpellier GenomiX, Institut de Génomique Fonctionelle, 141, rue de la Cardonnille, 34094, Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Hugues Parrinello
- UMS BioCampus- MGX Montpellier GenomiX, Institut de Génomique Fonctionelle, 141, rue de la Cardonnille, 34094, Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Marie-Bernadette Maillard
- INRA, UMR 1253, Science et Technologie du Lait et de l' Œuf, 35000, Rennes, France.,AGROCAMPUS OUEST, UMR1253, UMR Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Œuf, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Eric Beaucher
- INRA, UMR 1253, Science et Technologie du Lait et de l' Œuf, 35000, Rennes, France.,AGROCAMPUS OUEST, UMR1253, UMR Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Œuf, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Gwénaële Henry
- INRA, UMR 1253, Science et Technologie du Lait et de l' Œuf, 35000, Rennes, France.,AGROCAMPUS OUEST, UMR1253, UMR Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Œuf, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Aurélie Nicolas
- INRA, UMR 1253, Science et Technologie du Lait et de l' Œuf, 35000, Rennes, France.,AGROCAMPUS OUEST, UMR1253, UMR Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Œuf, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Marie-Noëlle Madec
- INRA, UMR 1253, Science et Technologie du Lait et de l' Œuf, 35000, Rennes, France.,AGROCAMPUS OUEST, UMR1253, UMR Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Œuf, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Anne Thierry
- INRA, UMR 1253, Science et Technologie du Lait et de l' Œuf, 35000, Rennes, France.,AGROCAMPUS OUEST, UMR1253, UMR Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Œuf, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Sandrine Parayre
- INRA, UMR 1253, Science et Technologie du Lait et de l' Œuf, 35000, Rennes, France.,AGROCAMPUS OUEST, UMR1253, UMR Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Œuf, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Stéphanie-Marie Deutsch
- INRA, UMR 1253, Science et Technologie du Lait et de l' Œuf, 35000, Rennes, France.,AGROCAMPUS OUEST, UMR1253, UMR Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Œuf, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Muriel Cocaign-Bousquet
- LISBP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSA, 135 avenue de Rangueil, Toulouse, 31077, France
| | - Anderson Miyoshi
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Yves Le Loir
- INRA, UMR 1253, Science et Technologie du Lait et de l' Œuf, 35000, Rennes, France.,AGROCAMPUS OUEST, UMR1253, UMR Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Œuf, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Hélène Falentin
- INRA, UMR 1253, Science et Technologie du Lait et de l' Œuf, 35000, Rennes, France. .,AGROCAMPUS OUEST, UMR1253, UMR Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Œuf, 35000, Rennes, France.
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Cheng Y, Jin UH, Davidson LA, Chapkin RS, Jayaraman A, Tamamis P, Orr A, Allred C, Denison MS, Soshilov A, Weaver E, Safe S. Editor's Highlight: Microbial-Derived 1,4-Dihydroxy-2-naphthoic Acid and Related Compounds as Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Agonists/Antagonists: Structure-Activity Relationships and Receptor Modeling. Toxicol Sci 2016; 155:458-473. [PMID: 27837168 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
1,4-Dihydroxy-2-naphthoic acid (1,4-DHNA) is a bacterial-derived metabolite that binds the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and exhibits anti-inflammatory activity in the gut. The structure-dependent AhR activity of hydroxyl/carboxy-substituted naphthoic acids (NAs) was determined in young adult mouse colonic (YAMC) cells and human Caco2 colon cancer cells using CYP1A1/CYP1B1 mRNAs as Ah-responsive genes. Compounds used in this study include 1,4-, 3,5-, and 3,7-DHNA, 1,4-dimethoxy-2-naphthoic acid (1,4-DMNA), 1- and 4-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid (1-HNA, 4-HNA), 1- and 2-naphthoic acid (1-NA, 2-NA), and 1- and 2-naphthol (1-NOH, 2-NOH). 1,4-DHNA was the most potent compound among hydroxyl/carboxy naphthalene derivatives, and the fold induction response for CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 was similar to that observed for 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in YAMC and Caco2 cells. 1- and 4-HNA were less potent than 1,4-DHNA but induced maximal (TCDD-like) response for CYP1B1 (both cell lines) and CYP1A1 (Caco2 cells). With the exception of 1- and 2-NA, all compounds significantly induced Cyp1b1 in YAMC cells and these responses were not observed in AhR-deficient YAMC cells generated using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. In addition, we also observed that 1- and 2-NOH (and 1,4-DHNA) were weak AhR agonists, and 1- and 2-NOH also exhibited partial AhR antagonist activity. Structure-activity relationship studies for CYP1A1 but not CYP1B1 were similar in both cell lines, and CYP1A1 induction required one or both 1,4-dihydroxy substituents and activity was significantly enhanced by the 2-carboxyl group. We also used computational analysis to show that 1,4-DHNA and TCDD share similar interactions within the AhR binding pocket and differ primarily due to the negatively charged group of 1,4-DHNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Cheng
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology
| | - Un-Ho Jin
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology
| | | | | | - Arul Jayaraman
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Phanourios Tamamis
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Asuka Orr
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | | | - Michael S Denison
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Anatoly Soshilov
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Evelyn Weaver
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Stephen Safe
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology
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Kita K, Yamachika E, Matsubara M, Tsujigiwa H, Ishida N, Moritani N, Matsumura T, Mizutani M, Fujita Y, Takabatake K, Ejima K, Nagatsuka H, Yamaguchi Y, Iida S. Anti-osteoporosis effects of 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoic acid in ovariectomized mice with increasing of bone density. JOURNAL OF ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY MEDICINE AND PATHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoms.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Plé C, Breton J, Richoux R, Nurdin M, Deutsch SM, Falentin H, Hervé C, Chuat V, Lemée R, Maguin E, Jan G, Van de Guchte M, Foligné B. Combining selected immunomodulatory Propionibacterium freudenreichii
and Lactobacillus delbrueckii
strains: Reverse engineering development of an anti-inflammatory cheese. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 60:935-48. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Coline Plé
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lactic Acid Bacteria & Mucosal Immunity; Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille; Lille France
| | - Jérôme Breton
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lactic Acid Bacteria & Mucosal Immunity; Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille; Lille France
| | - Romain Richoux
- Actalia Produits Laitiers; Agrocampus Ouest; Rennes cedex France
| | - Marine Nurdin
- Actalia Produits Laitiers; Agrocampus Ouest; Rennes cedex France
| | - Stéphanie-Marie Deutsch
- Science et Technologie du Lait et de l’Œuf; INRA; Rennes France
- Agrocampus Ouest; Rennes France
| | - Hélène Falentin
- Science et Technologie du Lait et de l’Œuf; INRA; Rennes France
- Agrocampus Ouest; Rennes France
| | | | - Victoria Chuat
- Science et Technologie du Lait et de l’Œuf; INRA; Rennes France
- Agrocampus Ouest; Rennes France
- CIRM-BIA; Centre Internationale de Ressources Microbiennes-Bactéries d'Intérêt Alimentaire; Rennes France
| | | | - Emmanuelle Maguin
- INRA; Jouy-en-Josas France
- AgroParisTech; UMR Micalis; Jouy-en-Josas France
| | - Gwénaël Jan
- Science et Technologie du Lait et de l’Œuf; INRA; Rennes France
- Agrocampus Ouest; Rennes France
| | | | - Benoit Foligné
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lactic Acid Bacteria & Mucosal Immunity; Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille; Lille France
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Protective effect of simvastatin on impaired intestine tight junction protein ZO-1 in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 35:880-884. [PMID: 26670440 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-015-1522-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Recently, several studies showed that gastrointestinal tract may be associated with pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD). Intestine tight junction protein zonula occluden-1 (ZO-1) is an important component of intestinal barrier which can be degraded by matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9). In our previous study, a significant decline in ZO-1 was observed along with enhanced MMP-9 activity in the duodenum and distal colon of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-intoxicated mice. In this study, the protective effect of simvastatin on ZO-1 was investigated using an MPTP mouse model of PD. Seven days after the end of MPTP application, the expression level of ZO-1 was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. The protein expression levels of ZO-1 and MMP9 were detected by Western blotting. Meanwhile, MMP-9 activity was analyzed by gelatin zymography. MPTP treatment led to a decrease in the expression of ZO-1, which was accompanied by elevated MMP-9 activity. Treatment with simvastatin could partly reverse the MPTP-induced changes in ZO-1 expression and reduce MMP-9 protein and activity. Taken together, these findings suggest that simvastatin administration may partially reverse the impairment of ZO-1 induced by MPTP via inhibiting the activity of MMP9, fortify the impaired intestinal barrier and limit gut-derived toxins that pass across the intestinal barrier.
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Strain-to-strain differences within lactic and propionic acid bacteria species strongly impact the properties of cheese–A review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13594-015-0267-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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22
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Plé C, Richoux R, Jardin J, Nurdin M, Briard-Bion V, Parayre S, Ferreira S, Pot B, Bouguen G, Deutsch SM, Falentin H, Foligné B, Jan G. Single-strain starter experimental cheese reveals anti-inflammatory effect of Propionibacterium freudenreichii CIRM BIA 129 in TNBS-colitis model. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Gagnaire V, Jardin J, Rabah H, Briard-Bion V, Jan G. Emmental Cheese Environment Enhances Propionibacterium freudenreichii Stress Tolerance. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135780. [PMID: 26275229 PMCID: PMC4537189 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dairy propionibacteria are actinomycetales found in various fermented food products. The main species, Propionibacterium freudenreichii, is generally recognized as safe and used both as probiotic and as cheese starter. Its probiotic efficacy tightly depends on its tolerance towards digestive stresses, which can be largely modulated by the ingested delivery vehicle. Indeed, tolerance of this bacterium is enhanced when it is consumed within a fermented dairy product, compared to a dried probiotic preparation. We investigated both stress tolerance and protein neosynthesis upon growth in i) chemically defined or ii) aqueous phase of Emmental cheeses. Although the same final population level was reached in both media, a slower growth and an enhanced survival of CIRM BIA 1 strain of P. freudenreichii subsp. shermanii was observed in Emmental juice, compared to chemically defined medium. This was accompanied by differences in substrates used and products released as well as overexpression of various early stress adaptation proteins in Emmental juice, compared to chemically defined medium, implied in protein folding, in aspartate catabolism, in biosynthesis of valine, leucine and isoleucine, in pyruvate metabolism in citrate cycle, in the propionate metabolism, as well as in oxidoreductases. All these changes led to a higher digestive stress tolerance after growth in Emmental juice. Mechanisms of stress adaptation were induced in this environment, in accordance with enhanced survival. This opens perspectives for the use of hard and semi-hard cheeses as delivery vehicle for probiotics with enhanced efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Gagnaire
- INRA, UMR1253 STLO, Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Œuf, Rennes, France
- AGROCAMPUS OUEST, UMR1253 STLO, Rennes, France
| | - Julien Jardin
- INRA, UMR1253 STLO, Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Œuf, Rennes, France
- AGROCAMPUS OUEST, UMR1253 STLO, Rennes, France
| | - Houem Rabah
- INRA, UMR1253 STLO, Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Œuf, Rennes, France
- AGROCAMPUS OUEST, UMR1253 STLO, Rennes, France
| | - Valérie Briard-Bion
- INRA, UMR1253 STLO, Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Œuf, Rennes, France
- AGROCAMPUS OUEST, UMR1253 STLO, Rennes, France
| | - Gwénaël Jan
- INRA, UMR1253 STLO, Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Œuf, Rennes, France
- AGROCAMPUS OUEST, UMR1253 STLO, Rennes, France
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Shore DM, Reggio PH. The therapeutic potential of orphan GPCRs, GPR35 and GPR55. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:69. [PMID: 25926795 PMCID: PMC4397721 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily of integral proteins is the largest family of signal transducers, comprised of ∼1000 members. Considering their prevalence and functional importance, it’s not surprising that ∼60% of drugs target GPCRs. Regardless, there exists a subset of the GPCR superfamily that is largely uncharacterized and poorly understood; specifically, more than 140 GPCRs have unknown endogenous ligands—the so-called orphan GPCRs. Orphan GPCRs offer tremendous promise, as they may provide novel therapeutic targets that may be more selective than currently known receptors, resulting in the potential reduction in side effects. In addition, they may provide access to signal transduction pathways currently unknown, allowing for new strategies in drug design. Regardless, orphan GPCRs are an important area of inquiry, as they represent a large gap in our understanding of signal transduction at the cellular level. Here, we focus on the therapeutic potential of two recently deorphanized GPCRs: GPR35/CXCR8 and GPR55. First, GPR35/CXCR8 has been observed in numerous tissues/organ systems, including the gastrointestinal tract, liver, immune system, central nervous system, and cardiovascular system. Not surprisingly, GPR35/CXCR8 has been implicated in numerous pathologies involving these tissues/systems. While several endogenous ligands have been identified, GPR35/CXCR8 has recently been observed to bind the chemokine CXCL17. Second, GPR55 has been observed to be expressed in the central nervous system, adrenal glands, gastrointestinal tract, lung, liver, uterus, bladder, kidney, and bone, as well as, other tissues/organ systems. Likewise, it is not surprising that GPR55 has been implicated in pathologies involving these tissues/systems. GPR55 was initially deorphanized as a cannabinoid receptor and this receptor does bind many cannabinoid compounds. However, the GPR55 endogenous ligand has been found to be a non-cannabinoid, lysophophatidylinositol (LPI) and subsequent high throughput assays have identified other GPR55 ligands that are not cannabinoids and do not bind to either the cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors. Here, we review reports that suggest that GPR35/CXCR8 and GPR55 may be promising therapeutic targets, with diverse physiological roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek M Shore
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina Greensboro Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Patricia H Reggio
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina Greensboro Greensboro, NC, USA
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Kang JE, Kim TJ, Moon GS. A Novel Lactobacillus casei LP1 Producing 1,4-Dihydroxy-2-Naphthoic Acid, a Bifidogenic Growth Stimulator. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2015; 20:78-81. [PMID: 25866754 PMCID: PMC4391545 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2015.20.1.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
1,4-Dihydroxy-2-naphthoic acid (DHNA) is a bifidogenic growth stimulator (BGS) and could be a functional food ingredient since bifidobacteria are beneficial for human health. For that reason, lactic acid bacteria producing DHNA have been screened. A lactic acid bacterium LP1 strain isolated from a natural cheese was confirmed to produce DHNA, analyzed by a HPLC method. The strain was identified as Lactobacillus casei by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The cell-free supernatant of fermented whey produced by L. casei LP1 presented the BGS activity for three bifidobacterial strains such as Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis KCTC 3127, Bifidobacterium bifidum KCTC 3202, and Bifidobacterium breve KCTC 3220 which were human-originated. To the best of our knowledge, a L. casei strain which can produce DHNA was firstly identified in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo-Eun Kang
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungbuk 368-701, Korea
| | - Tae-Jung Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungbuk 368-701, Korea
| | - Gi-Seong Moon
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungbuk 368-701, Korea
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Akatsu H, Nagafuchi S, Kurihara R, Okuda K, Kanesaka T, Ogawa N, Kanematsu T, Takasugi S, Yamaji T, Takami M, Yamamoto T, Ohara H, Maruyama M. Enhanced vaccination effect against influenza by prebiotics in elderly patients receiving enteral nutrition. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2015; 16:205-13. [PMID: 25613751 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.12454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
AIM We investigated the effect of prebiotics on the immunological response after influenza vaccination in enterally fed elderly individuals. The intervention group was given an enteral formula containing lactic acid bacteria-fermented milk products. In addition, two different types of other prebiotics, galacto-oligosaccharide and bifidogenic growth stimulator, were also given. The two prebiotics improved intestinal microbiota differently. In a control group, a standard formula without prebiotics was given. METHODS An enteral formula with (intervention group [F]) or without (control group [C]) prebiotics was given through percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy to elderly participants for 10 weeks. Influenza vaccine was inoculated at week 4. Nutritional and biochemical indices, intestinal micro bacteria and immunological indices were analyzed. RESULTS The Bifidobacterium count in groups F and C at week 0 was 6.4 ± 1.9 and 6.6 ± 3.0 (log10 [count/g feces]), respectively. Although the count in group C decreased at week 10, the count in group F increased. The Bacteroides count in group F increased from 10.7 ± 0.9 to 11.4 ± 0.5, but decreased in group C from 11.2 ± 0.2 to 10.7 ± 0.4. Although the enhanced titers of H1N1, H3N2 and B antigens against the vaccine decreased thereafter in group C, these enhanced titers in group F could be maintained. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that prebiotics affect the intestinal microbiota and might maintain the antibody titers in elderly individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyasu Akatsu
- Department of Medicine for Aging Place, Community Health Care/Community-Based Medical Education, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.,Choju Medical Institute, Fukushimura Hospital, Toyohashi, Aichi, Japan.,Department of Mechanism of Aging, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | | | - Rina Kurihara
- Choju Medical Institute, Fukushimura Hospital, Toyohashi, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kenji Okuda
- Choju Medical Institute, Fukushimura Hospital, Toyohashi, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kanesaka
- Choju Medical Institute, Fukushimura Hospital, Toyohashi, Aichi, Japan
| | - Norihiro Ogawa
- Choju Medical Institute, Fukushimura Hospital, Toyohashi, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Kanematsu
- Department of Medicine for Aging Place, Community Health Care/Community-Based Medical Education, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Takayuki Yamamoto
- Choju Medical Institute, Fukushimura Hospital, Toyohashi, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Ohara
- Department of Medicine for Aging Place, Community Health Care/Community-Based Medical Education, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Maruyama
- Department of Mechanism of Aging, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
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Abstract
: Ulcerative colitis (UC), an inflammatory bowel disease, affects many people across the globe, and its prevalence is increasing steadily. Inflammation and oxidative stress play a vital role in the perpetuation of inflammatory process and the subsequent DNA damage associated with the development of UC. UC induces not only local but also systemic damage, which involves the perturbation of multiple molecular pathways. Furthermore, UC leads to an increased risk of colorectal cancer, the third most common malignancy in humans. Most of the drugs used for the treatment of UC are unsatisfactory because they are generally mono-targeted, relatively ineffective and unaffordable for many people. Thus, agents that can target multiple molecular pathways and are less expensive have enormous potential to treat UC. Melatonin has beneficial effects against UC in experimental and clinical studies because of its ability to modulate several molecular pathways of inflammation, oxidative stress, fibrosis, and cellular injury. However, many novel targets are yet to be explored on which melatonin may act to exert its favorable effects in UC. It is time to explore improved intervention strategies with melatonin in UC on the basis of studies investigating different molecular targets using proteomic and genomic approaches. This review identifies various molecular targets for melatonin with the intent of providing novel strategies for combating UC and the associated extraintestinal manifestations of this debilitating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopabandhu Jena
- Facility for Risk Assessment and Intervention Studies, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Punjab, India
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Identification of a probiotic bacteria-derived activator of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor that inhibits colitis. Immunol Cell Biol 2014; 92:460-5. [PMID: 24518984 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2014.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) recognizes environmental xenobiotics and is originally thought to be involved in the metabolism (detoxification) of the substances. Recently, AhR is highlighted as an important regulator of inflammation. Notably, accumulating evidence suggests that activation of the AhR suppresses inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Therefore, non-toxic AhR activators become attractive drug candidates for IBD. This study identified 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoic acid (DHNA), a precursor of menaquinone (vitamin K2) abundantly produced by Propionibacterium freudenreichii ET-3 isolated from Swiss-type cheese, as an AhR activator. DHNA activated the AhR pathway in human intestinal epithelial cell line Caco2 cells and in the mouse intestine. Oral treatment of mice with DHNA induced anti-microbial proteins RegIIIβ and γ in the intestine, altered intestinal microbial flora and inhibited dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis, which recapitulated the phenotypes of AhR activation in the gut. As DHNA is commercially available in Japan as a prebiotic supplement without severe adverse effects, DHNA or its derivatives might become a promising drug candidate for IBD via AhR activation. The results also implicate that intestinal AhR might act not only as a sensor for xenobiotics in diet and water but also for commensal bacterial activity because DHNA is a precursor of vitamin K2 produced by vitamin K2-synthesizing commensal bacteria as well as propionic bacteria. Hence, DHNA might be a key bacterial metabolite in the host-microbe interaction to maintain intestinal microbial ecosystem.
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Okada Y, Tsuzuki Y, Sato H, Narimatsu K, Hokari R, Kurihara C, Watanabe C, Tomita K, Komoto S, Kawaguchi A, Nagao S, Miura S. Trans fatty acids exacerbate dextran sodium sulphate-induced colitis by promoting the up-regulation of macrophage-derived proinflammatory cytokines involved in T helper 17 cell polarization. Clin Exp Immunol 2014; 174:459-71. [PMID: 24028683 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous reports have shown that a diet containing large amounts of trans fatty acids (TFAs) is a major risk factor for metabolic disorders. Although recent studies have shown that TFAs promote intestinal inflammation, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. In this study, we examined the effects of dietary fat containing TFAs on dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)-induced colitis. C57 BL/6 mice were fed a diet containing 1·3% TFAs (mainly C16:1, C18:1, C18:2, C20:1, C20:2 and C22:1), and then colitis was induced with 1·5% DSS. Colonic damage was assessed, and the mRNA levels of proinflammatory cytokines and major regulators of T cell differentiation were measured. The TFA diet reduced survival and exacerbated histological damage in mice administered DSS compared with those fed a TFA-free diet. The TFA diet significantly elevated interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12p40, IL-23p19 and retinoic acid-related orphan receptor (ROR)γt mRNA levels in the colons of DSS-treated animals. Moreover, IL-17A mRNA levels were elevated significantly by the TFA diet, with or without DSS treatment. We also examined the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and peritoneal macrophages. These cells were exposed to TFAs (linoelaidic acid or elaidic acid) with or without LPS and the mRNA levels of various cytokines were measured. IL-23p19 mRNA levels were increased significantly by TFAs in the absence of LPS. Cytokine expression was also higher in LPS-stimulated cells exposed to TFAs than in unexposed LPS-stimulated cells. Collectively, our results suggest that TFAs exacerbate colonic inflammation by promoting Th17 polarization and by up-regulating the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in the inflamed colonic mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Okada
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa City, Saitama, Japan
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Saraoui T, Parayre S, Guernec G, Loux V, Montfort J, Le Cam A, Boudry G, Jan G, Falentin H. A unique in vivo experimental approach reveals metabolic adaptation of the probiotic Propionibacterium freudenreichii to the colon environment. BMC Genomics 2013; 14:911. [PMID: 24365073 PMCID: PMC3880035 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Propionibacterium freudenreichii is a food grade bacterium consumed both in cheeses and in probiotic preparations. Its promising probiotic potential, relying largely on the active release of beneficial metabolites within the gut as well as the expression of key surface proteins involved in immunomodulation, deserves to be explored more deeply. Adaptation to the colon environment is requisite for the active release of propionibacterial beneficial metabolites and constitutes a bottleneck for metabolic activity in vivo. Mechanisms allowing P. freudenreichii to adapt to digestive stresses have been only studied in vitro so far. Our aim was therefore to study P. freudenreichii metabolic adaptation to intra-colonic conditions in situ. Results We maintained a pure culture of the type strain P. freudenreichii CIRM BIA 1, contained in a dialysis bag, within the colon of vigilant piglets during 24 hours. A transcriptomic analysis compared gene expression to identify the metabolic pathways induced by this environment, versus control cultures maintained in spent culture medium. We observed drastic changes in the catabolism of sugars and amino-acids. Glycolysis, the Wood-Werkman cycle and the oxidative phosphorylation pathways were down-regulated but induction of specific carbohydrate catabolisms and alternative pathways were induced to produce NADH, NADPH, ATP and precursors (utilizing of propanediol, gluconate, lactate, purine and pyrimidine and amino-acids). Genes involved in stress response were down-regulated and genes specifically expressed during cell division were induced, suggesting that P. freudenreichii adapted its metabolism to the conditions encountered in the colon. Conclusions This study constitutes the first molecular demonstration of P. freudenreichii activity and physiological adaptation in vivo within the colon. Our data are likely specific to our pig microbiota composition but opens an avenue towards understanding probiotic action within the gut in further studies comparing bacterial adaptation to different microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hélène Falentin
- INRA, UMR1253, Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Œuf, F 35042 Rennes, France.
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Okada Y, Tsuzuki Y, Narimatsu K, Sato H, Ueda T, Hozumi H, Sato S, Hokari R, Kurihara C, Komoto S, Watanabe C, Tomita K, Kawaguchi A, Nagao S, Miura S. 1,4-Dihydroxy-2-naphthoic acid fromPropionibacterium freudenreichiireduces inflammation in interleukin-10-deficient mice with colitis by suppressing macrophage-derived proinflammatory cytokines. J Leukoc Biol 2013; 94:473-80. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0212104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Farombi EO, Adedara IA, Ajayi BO, Ayepola OR, Egbeme EE. Kolaviron, a natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory phytochemical prevents dextran sulphate sodium-induced colitis in rats. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2013; 113:49-55. [PMID: 23336970 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The beneficial effects of kolaviron, a natural biflavonoid from the seeds of Garcinia kola, have been attributed mainly to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. This study investigated these effects on dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis in rats. Sulfasalazine served as standard reference in this study. Kolaviron and sulfasalazine were separately co-administered orally at 200 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg, respectively, to dextran sulphate sodium-exposed rats for 5 days. The result indicated that kolaviron or sulfasalazine significantly prevented DSS-induced body weight loss as well as the incidence of diarrhoea and bleeding in DSS-exposed rats. Kolaviron suppressed the DSS-mediated increase in colonic nitric oxide concentration and myeloperoxidase activity and significantly prevented the increase in inflammatory mediators, interleukin-1β and tumour necrosis factor alpha, in the colon of DSS-treated rats. The significant depletion in colonic antioxidant status in rats exposed to DSS alone was evident by marked reduction in colonic catalase and glutathione S-transferase activities as well as glutathione content, leading to elevated hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation levels. Histopathologically, DSS alone resulted in severe epithelial erosion, total absence of goblet cells, destruction of the crypts, necrotic and distorted glands, accompanied by marked cellular mononuclear cells infiltration. However, administration of kolaviron and sulfasalazine ameliorated DSS-induced colitis by increasing the antioxidant status decreased hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation levels and attenuated the adverse effect of DSS on colon architecture. In conclusion, the anti-colitis effect of kolaviron is related to its intrinsic anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebenezer O Farombi
- Drug Metabolism & Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
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Kverka M, Tlaskalova-Hogenova H. Two faces of microbiota in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases: triggers and drugs. APMIS 2012; 121:403-21. [DOI: 10.1111/apm.12007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miloslav Kverka
- Department of Immunology and Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague; Czech Republic
| | - Helena Tlaskalova-Hogenova
- Department of Immunology and Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague; Czech Republic
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Jena G, Trivedi PP, Sandala B. Oxidative stress in ulcerative colitis: an old concept but a new concern. Free Radic Res 2012; 46:1339-45. [PMID: 22856328 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2012.717692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis is an idiopathic, chronic and relapsing inflammatory bowel disease, which elicits the risk of colorectal cancer, the third most common malignancy in humans. It has been known for a long time that oxidative stress is a major pathogenic factor in the inflamed tissue that can pave the way towards DNA damage and carcinogenesis. However, the DNA damage produced due to oxidative stress in the inflamed tissue is not limited to the local site but extends globally, thereby augmenting the risk of global carcinogenesis. Targeting oxidative stress may provide an exciting avenue to combat inflammation-associated local as well as global DNA damage and the subsequent carcinogenesis. The present review portrays the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis and the associated local as well as global DNA damage, which may lead to carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopabandhu Jena
- Facility for Risk Assessment and Intervention Studies, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, India.
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Cousin FJ, Foligné B, Deutsch SM, Massart S, Parayre S, Le Loir Y, Boudry G, Jan G. Assessment of the probiotic potential of a dairy product fermented by Propionibacterium freudenreichii in piglets. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:7917-7927. [PMID: 22823107 DOI: 10.1021/jf302245m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Dairy propionibacteria, including Propionibacterium freudenreichii , display promising probiotic properties, including immunomodulation. These properties are highly strain-dependent and rarely studied in a fermented dairy product. We screened 10 strains, grown in a newly developed fermented milk ultrafiltrate, for immunomodulatory properties in vitro. The most anti-inflammatory strain, P. freudenreichii BIA129, was further tested on piglets. P. freudenreichii -fermented product improved food intake and growth of piglets. Colonic mucosa explants of treated pigs secreted less interleukin 8 (-25%, P < 0.05) and tumor necrosis factor α (-20%, P < 0.05), either in basal conditions or after a lipopolysaccharide challenge. By contrast, the gut structure, barrier function (measured ex vivo in Ussing chambers), microbial diversity (assessed by 16S rRNA pyrosequencing), and colonic short-chain fatty acid content were unchanged, assuming maintenance of normal intestinal physiology. In conclusion, this work confirms in vivo probiotic properties of dairy propionibacteria-fermented products, which are promising for the prevention or healing of inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien J Cousin
- UMR 1253, Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Œuf, INRA, F-35042 Rennes, France
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Zhao P, Abood ME. GPR55 and GPR35 and their relationship to cannabinoid and lysophospholipid receptors. Life Sci 2012; 92:453-7. [PMID: 22820167 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2012.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Revised: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
This review presents a summary of what is known about the G-protein coupled receptors GPR35 and GPR55 and their potential characterization as lysophospholipid or cannabinoid receptors, respectively. Both GPR35 and GPR55 have been implicated as important targets in pain and cancer, and additional diseases as well. While kynurenic acid was suggested to be an endogenous ligand for GPR35, so was 2-arachidonoyl lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). Similarly, GPR55 has been suggested to be a cannabinoid receptor, but is quite clearly also a receptor for lysophosphatidylinositol. Interestingly, 2-arachidonyl glycerol (2-AG), an endogenous ligand for cannabinoid receptors, can be metabolized to 2-arachidonoyl LPA through the action of a monoacylglycerol kinase; the reverse reaction has also been demonstrated. Thus, it appears that mutual interconversion is possible between 2-arachidonoyl LPA and 2-AG within a cell, though the direction of the reaction may be site-dependent. The GPR55 natural ligand, 2-arachidonoyl LPI, can be degraded either to 2-AG by phospholipase C or to 2-arachidonoyl LPA by phospholipase D. Thus, GPR35, GPR55 and CB receptors are linked together through their natural ligand conversions. Additional agonists and antagonists have been identified for both GPR35 and GPR55, which will facilitate the future study of these receptors with respect to their physiological function. Potential therapeutic targets include pain, cancer, metabolic diseases and drug addiction.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cannabinoids/pharmacology
- Cannabinoids/therapeutic use
- Gene Expression
- Humans
- Ligands
- Receptors, Cannabinoid/drug effects
- Receptors, Cannabinoid/genetics
- Receptors, Cannabinoid/physiology
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/biosynthesis
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/drug effects
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/physiology
- Receptors, Lysophospholipid/drug effects
- Receptors, Lysophospholipid/genetics
- Receptors, Lysophospholipid/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingwei Zhao
- Center for Substance Abuse Research and Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Higashiyama M, Hokari R, Hozumi H, Kurihara C, Ueda T, Watanabe C, Tomita K, Nakamura M, Komoto S, Okada Y, Kawaguchi A, Nagao S, Suematsu M, Goda N, Miura S. HIF-1 in T cells ameliorated dextran sodium sulfate-induced murine colitis. J Leukoc Biol 2012; 91:901-9. [PMID: 22457366 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1011518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
HIF-1 is active in hypoxia, such as inflamed mucosa, and HIF-1 in epithelium has been reported to control inflamed mucosa in IBD models. Although T cells play an important role for pathogenesis of IBD, the function of HIF-1 in T cells remains to be elucidated. We aimed to clarify the function of HIF-1 in T cells in IBD with focus on the balance between Treg and Teff. Double immunohistochemistry of colonic mucosa in IBD patients showed that HIF-1 was expressed in T cells infiltrating the inflamed mucosa, suggesting that HIF-1 in T cells is involved in the pathogenesis. DSS administration to T cell-specific HIF-1α KO mice showed more severe colonic inflammation than control mice with the up-regulation of Th1 and Th17. Hypoxic stimulation in vitro increased Treg activation in WT T cells but not in HIF-1-deleted T cells. In contrast, hypoxic stimulation increased Th17 activation, and the degree was higher in HIF-1-deleted cells than in control cells. These results show that hypoxia controls intestinal inflammation by regulating cytokine balance in a HIF-1-dependent manner, suggesting that strengthening HIF-1 induction in T cells at the sites of inflammation might be a therapeutic strategy for IBD regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Higashiyama
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan.
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Trivedi PP, Jena GB. Dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis leads to increased hematopoiesis and induces both local as well as systemic genotoxicity in mice. Mutat Res 2012; 744:172-83. [PMID: 22414559 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2012.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Revised: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 03/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis is a chronic gastrointestinal disorder eliciting the risk of colorectal cancer, the third most common malignancy in humans. The present study was aimed to characterize dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis and to elucidate its influence on the bone marrow cell proliferation and the subsequent stimulation of the systemic genotoxicity in mice. Experimental colitis was induced in Swiss mice using 3% (w/v) dextran sulfate sodium in drinking water. The severity of colitis was assessed on the basis of clinical signs, colon length, oxidative stress parameters, various pro-inflammatory markers, histopathological evaluation and immunohistochemical staining of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine in the colon of dextran sulfate sodium treated mice. Further, assessment of genotoxicity was carried out using alkaline and modified comet assays in the colon and lymphocytes and micronucleus assay in the peripheral blood of mice. For the evaluation of inflammation-induced cell proliferation in the bone marrow, proliferating cell nuclear antigen immunostaining was carried out in the bone marrow of mice. Dextran sulfate sodium induced severe colitis as evident from the elevated disease activity index, reduced colon length, increased oxidative stress, histological abnormalities and oxidative DNA damage in the colon of mice. Moreover, colitis-induced elevated prostaglandin-E2 level in the plasma of dextran sulfate sodium treated mice stimulated the cell proliferation in the bone marrow, which further triggered colitis-induced DNA damage in the peripheral blood of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- P P Trivedi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Punjab, India.
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Bleich A, Hansen AK. Time to include the gut microbiota in the hygienic standardisation of laboratory rodents. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2012; 35:81-92. [PMID: 22257867 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2011.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2011] [Revised: 11/17/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota (GM) composition and its impact on animal experiments has become currently dramatically relevant in our days: (1) recent progress in metagenomic technologies, (2) the availability of large scale quantitative analyses to characterize even subtle phenotypes, (3) the limited diversity of laboratory rodent GM due to strict barriers at laboratory animal vendors, and (4) the availability of up to 300.000 different transgenic mouse strains from different sources displaying a huge variety in their GM composition. In this review the GM is described as a variable in animal experiments which need to be reduced for scientific as well as ethical reasons, and strategies how to implement this in routine diagnostic procedures are proposed. We conclude that we have both enough information available to state that the GM has an essential impact on animal models, as well as the methods available to start dealing with these impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Bleich
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany, Hannover, Germany.
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Pils MC, Bleich A, Prinz I, Fasnacht N, Bollati-Fogolin M, Schippers A, Rozell B, Müller W. Commensal gut flora reduces susceptibility to experimentally induced colitis via T-cell-derived interleukin-10. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2011; 17:2038-46. [PMID: 21182023 DOI: 10.1002/ibd.21587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2010] [Accepted: 10/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regulatory cytokines are well known to modify experimental colitis in mice. The aim of this study was to elucidate the effect of interleukin (IL)-10 derived from different cellular sources and the effect of commensal gut flora in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. METHODS Wildtype (WT) and IL-10 deficient (IL-10(-/-) ) mice either harboring a characterized specific pathogen-free (SPF) gut flora or germfree were exposed to 2% DSS. Moreover, cell type-specific IL-10, IL-4, and IL-12 knockout mice and animals combining the T-cell-specific IL-10 knockout with a deficiency in IL-12 or IL-4 were exposed to DSS. RESULTS SPF IL-10(-/-) mice showed an increased susceptibility to DSS-induced colitis compared to WT mice determined by histopathology and proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine responses. Under germfree conditions, both WT and IL-10(-/-) mice were highly susceptible to DSS. IL-10 mRNA was increased upon DSS exposure in WT SPF but not in germfree mice. Mice carrying a specific deletion of IL-10 in T-cells exhibited a tendency towards an enhanced susceptibility to DSS. The lack of T-cell-derived IL-10 in combination with the lack of IL-4 increased the susceptibility to DSS colitis, as did the lack of IL-12 alone. CONCLUSIONS IL-10 is a crucial factor inhibiting the innate proinflammatory immune response induced by DSS. Intestinal bacteria are necessary for the induction of protective IL-10, which is mainly T-cell-derived. T-cell-derived IL-10 can only mediate its protective effect in a Th1-dominated milieu. If the balance is shifted towards a Th2 response, IL-10 is not protective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina C Pils
- Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.
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Uchida M, Yoda N, Terahara M, Seki K, Choi SS, Roberts A. Safety evaluation of Propionibacterium freudenreichii ET-3 culture. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2011; 60:249-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2011.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2010] [Revised: 02/22/2011] [Accepted: 02/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Methyl-1-hydroxy-2-naphthoate, a novel naphthol derivative, inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response in macrophages via suppression of NF-κB, JNK and p38 MAPK pathways. Inflamm Res 2011; 60:851-9. [PMID: 21667204 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-011-0345-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2010] [Revised: 04/01/2011] [Accepted: 05/05/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN The anti-inflammatory effect of methyl-1-hydroxy-2-naphthoate (MHNA), a novel naphthol derivative, was evaluated in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response in murine macrophages. MATERIALS AND METHODS The release of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were detected by the Griess reagent and ELISA methods. The protein expressions of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were examined by Western blotting. The mRNA expressions of IL-1β, IL-6, iNOS and COX-2 were determined by real-time PCR. Activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathways were detected by Western blotting, reporter gene assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay. RESULTS MHNA significantly inhibited the release of NO, IL-1β and IL-6 as well as the protein expression of iNOS and COX-2 in LPS-stimulated macrophages. It also inhibited the mRNA expression of iNOS, COX-2, IL-1β and IL-6. Further studies indicated that MHNA inhibited LPS-induced increases in NF-κB DNA-binding activity and NF-κB transcriptional activity as well as IκB-α degradation and NF-κB translocation in a dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, the activation of p38 MAPK and c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) induced by LPS were decreased by MHNA. CONCLUSIONS MHNA inhibits the LPS-induced inflammatory response in murine macrophages via suppression of NF-κB and MAPKs signaling pathways activation.
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Kato-Mori Y, Orihashi T, Kanai Y, Sato M, Sera K, Hagiwara K. Fermentation Metabolites fromLactobacillus gasseriandPropionibacterium freudenreichiiExert Bacteriocidal Effects in Mice. J Med Food 2010; 13:1460-7. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2010.1137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Kato-Mori
- Department of Research and Development, Meiji Feed Co. Ltd., Midori, Sumida, Tokyo
| | - Takenori Orihashi
- Department of Research and Development, Meiji Feed Co. Ltd., Midori, Sumida, Tokyo
| | - Yuta Kanai
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Michiko Sato
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kenji Sera
- Department of Research and Development, Meiji Feed Co. Ltd., Midori, Sumida, Tokyo
| | - Katsuro Hagiwara
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
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Kverka M, Zakostelska Z, Klimesova K, Sokol D, Hudcovic T, Hrncir T, Rossmann P, Mrazek J, Kopecny J, Verdu EF, Tlaskalova-Hogenova H. Oral administration of Parabacteroides distasonis antigens attenuates experimental murine colitis through modulation of immunity and microbiota composition. Clin Exp Immunol 2010; 163:250-9. [PMID: 21087444 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2010.04286.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Commensal bacteria have been shown to modulate the host mucosal immune system. Here, we report that oral treatment of BALB/c mice with components from the commensal, Parabacteroides distasonis, significantly reduces the severity of intestinal inflammation in murine models of acute and chronic colitis induced by dextran sulphate sodium (DSS). The membranous fraction of P. distasonis (mPd) prevented DSS-induced increases in several proinflammatory cytokines, increased mPd-specific serum antibodies and stabilized the intestinal microbial ecology. The anti-colitic effect of oral mPd was not observed in severe combined immunodeficient mice and probably involved induction of specific antibody responses and stabilization of the intestinal microbiota. Our results suggest that specific bacterial components derived from the commensal bacterium, P. distasonis, may be useful in the development of new therapeutic strategies for chronic inflammatory disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kverka
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
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Watanabe C, Hokari R, Komoto S, Kurihara C, Okada Y, Matsunaga H, Takebayashi K, Kawaguchi A, Nagao S, Tsuzuki Y, Yokoyama H, Hibi T, Miura S. Lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus) ameliorates murine spontaneous ileitis by decreasing lymphocyte recruitment to the inflamed intestine. Microcirculation 2010; 17:321-32. [PMID: 20618690 DOI: 10.1111/j.1549-8719.2010.00032.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aberrant leukocyte migration has been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Lemon grass is a natural herb that contains citral, which suppresses lymphocyte expression of gut homing molecules by inhibiting retinoic acid formation. We therefore hypothesized that lemon grass intake could ameliorate excess migration of leukocytes to the inflamed intestine in chronic ileitis. METHODS Migration of fluorescence-labeled T cells to microvessels in the ileal mucosa of SAMP1/Yit mice was monitored using intravital microscopy. In some mice, lemon grass solution was administered for two weeks. For evaluation of the effects on chronic ileitis, mice were treated with lemon grass for 26 weeks. RESULTS Surface expression of beta7 and CCR9 on T lymphocytes was stronger in SAMP1/Yit mice than in AKR/J mice. Lemon grass treatment attenuated the surface expression of beta7-integrin and CCR9. The number of adherent lymphocytes to microvessels in chronic inflamed ileum was significantly few when lymphocytes were isolated from lemon grass treated mice. Long-term lemon grass treatment improved ileitis in SAMP1/Yit mice, which was assessed by body weight, histological changes and the infiltration of beta7-positive cells. CONCLUSION Lemon grass ameliorated ileitis through decreasing lymphocyte migration by inhibiting beta7-expression, suggesting its therapeutic usefulness for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikako Watanabe
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa City, Saitama, Japan
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Promising immunomodulatory effects of selected strains of dairy propionibacteria as evidenced in vitro and in vivo. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 76:8259-64. [PMID: 20971874 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01976-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunomodulatory properties of 10 dairy propionibacteria, analyzed on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), revealed a highly strain-dependent induction of anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 10 (IL-10). Two selected strains of Propionibacterium freudenreichii showed a protective effect against two models of colitis in mice, suggesting a probiotic potential predicted by immune-based selection criteria for these cheese starter bacteria.
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Nagata K, Inatsu S, Tanaka M, Sato H, Kouya T, Taniguchi M, Fukuda Y. The bifidogenic growth stimulator inhibits the growth and respiration of Helicobacter pylori. Helicobacter 2010; 15:422-9. [PMID: 21083748 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-5378.2010.00789.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple therapy with amoxicillin, clarithromycin, and a proton-pump inhibitor is a common therapeutic strategy for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). However, frequent appearance of clarithromycin-resistant strains is a therapeutic challenge. While various quinones are known to specifically inhibit the growth of H. pylori, the quinone 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoic acid (DHNA) produced by Propionibacterium has strong stimulating effect on Bifidobacterium. We were interested to see whether DHNA could inhibit the growth of H. pylori in in vitro or in vivo experimental setting. MATERIALS AND METHODS The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of DHNA was determined by the agar dilution method. The inhibitory action of DHNA on the respiratory activity was measured by using an oxygen electrode. Germ-free mice infected with H. pylori were given DHNA in free drinking water containing 100 μg/mL for 7 days. RESULTS DHNA inhibited H. pylori growth at low MIC values, 1.6-3.2 μg/mL. Likewise, DHNA inhibited clinical isolates of H. pylori, resistant to clarithromycin. However, DHNA did not inhibit other Gram negative or anaerobic bacteria in the normal flora of the human intestine. Both H. pylori cellular respiration and adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) generation were dose-dependently inhibited by DHNA. Similarly, the culture filtrates of propionibacterial strains inhibited the growth of H. pylori, and oral administration of DHNA could eradicate H. pylori in the infected germ-free mice. CONCLUSIONS The bifidogenic growth stimulator DHNA specifically inhibited the growth of H. pylori including clarithromycin-resistant strains in vitro and its colonization activity in vivo. The bactericidal activity of DHNA was via inhibition of cellular respiration. These actions of DHNA may have clinical relevance in the eradication of H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumiko Nagata
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life Sciences, Senri Kinran University, Osaka, Japan.
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Chu ZX, Chen HQ, Ma YL, Zhou YK, Zhang M, Zhang P, Qin HL. Lactobacillus plantarum prevents the upregulation of adhesion molecule expression in an experimental colitis model. Dig Dis Sci 2010; 55:2505-13. [PMID: 19960256 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-009-1063-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2009] [Accepted: 11/20/2009] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lactobacillus consumption has been shown to attenuate the severity of experimental colitis. Whether the effects of Lactobacillus on colitis are related to modulation of leukocyte recruitment into the inflamed intestine is unclear. AIMS To investigate the effect of Lactobacillus plantarum daily intragastric administration on lymphocyte homing and intestinal inflammation in interleukin 10 (IL-10) knockout mice, an experimental model of colitis. METHODS Two groups of ten IL-10 knockout mice were fed phosphate buffered saline containing Lactobacillus plantarum 1258 or unmodified vehicle for 4 weeks. Two groups of ten wild-type mice were used as controls. At killing, the bowels were histologically scored and evaluated by transmission electron microscopy. Mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule 1 (MAdCAM-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) expression were determined by immunohistochemistry. The levels of proinflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) were determined by ELISA. In addition, levels of CD3, alpha4beta7, ICAM-1, and MAdCAM-1 were determined by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. RESULTS L. plantarum treatment improved the histological damage score in KO mice compared to untreated KO mice. L. plantarum significantly attenuated the expression of MAdCAM-1, ICAM-1, CD3, and alpha4beta7, but did not affect the levels of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma when treated KO mice were compared to untreated KO mice. CONCLUSIONS L. plantarum interfered with the upregulation of adhesion molecules observed in IL-10 knockout mice compared to wild-type mice, attenuating the symptoms of colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Xin Chu
- Department of Surgery, The Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 600 Yishan Road, 200233, Shanghai, China
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Cousin FJ, Mater DD, Foligne B, Jan G. Dairy propionibacteria as human probiotics: A review of recent evidence. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1051/dst/2010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Matsubara M, Yamachika E, Tsujigiwa H, Mizukawa N, Ueno T, Murakami J, Ishida N, Kaneda Y, Shirasu N, Takagi S. Suppressive effects of 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoic acid administration on bone resorption. Osteoporos Int 2010; 21:1437-47. [PMID: 19813044 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-009-1075-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2008] [Accepted: 08/26/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY The main component of the metabolic by-products of fermentation by Propionibacterium freudenreichii ET-3 is 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoic acid (DHNA), which has a naphthoquinone skeleton, as in vitamin K2. This study showed that DHNA improved bone mass reduction with osteoporosis model mice caused by FK506. INTRODUCTION Growth of the intestinal bacterium Lactobacillus bifidus is specifically facilitated by DHNA. The present study used osteoporosis model mice to investigate the effects of DHNA on bone remodeling. METHODS FK506, an immunosuppressant, was used to prepare osteoporosis model mice. Thirty mice were divided into three groups: FK group, FK+DHNA group, and control group. In the FK group, FK506 was administered to induce bone mass reduction. In the FK-DHNA group, FK506 and DHNA were administered concurrently to observe improvements in bone mass reduction. To ascertain systemic and local effects of DHNA, we investigated systemic pathological changes in colon, kidney function and cytokine dynamics, and morphological and organic changes in bone and osteoclast dynamics as assessed by culture experiments. RESULTS Compared to the FK group without DHNA, colon damage and kidney dysfunction were milder for FK+DHNA group, and production of inflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha) was more suppressed. Furthermore, compared to the group without DHNA, histological analyses and radiography showed that bone resorption was suppressed for the DHNA group. Culture experiments using osteoclasts from murine bone marrow showed osteoclast suppression for the DHNA group compared to the group without DHNA. CONCLUSION These results show that DHNA has some effects for improving bone mass reduction caused by FK506.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Matsubara
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstructive Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Sikata-cho, Okayama City, 7008525, Japan.
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