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Sum CH, Li TW, Zhang H, Hung HY, Fong BYF, Lin WL, Chow TY, Leung KC, Lo CW, Chia CP, Chan KL, Lin ZX. Assessing the efficacy and safety of Yinqiao powder-maxing Ganshi decoction in the treatment of the major symptoms of mild and moderate COVID-19 by telemedicine-study protocol for a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Front Pharmacol 2024; 14:1261338. [PMID: 38259270 PMCID: PMC10800621 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1261338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the largest global epidemic in recent time. Chinese medicine has been recognized by the World Health Organization as an effective treatment for COVID-19, but there is still a lack of high-quality randomized, double-blind trials using placebo as the control to support its application, which may hinder its further promotion locally and internationally. Objectives: This study will evaluate the efficacy and safety of Yinqiao Powder-Maxing Ganshi Decoction with variation in relieving major symptoms of mild and moderate COVID-19 by telemedicine. Methods and design: This clinical study is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial that applies telemedicine to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Yinqiao Powder-Maxing Ganshi Decoction in the treatment of mild and moderate COVID-19. Eligible subjects will be randomly divided into either treatment or placebo groups for up to 14 days after stratification according to age (A:18-49, B:50-65) and the number of vaccinations (a: ≥3 doses, b: ≤2 doses). The treatment group will receive Yinqiao Powder-Maxing Ganshi Decoction granules along with certain variation based on their symptoms, and the placebo group will receive the same amount of placebo granules. Subjects will be prescribed different additions based on their symptoms and pathogenesis at the inclusion. The oral temperature, oximeter, result of rapid antigen test and symptom score will be recorded by subjects until they have stopped the medication. Subjects are required to have follow-up assessment by video-conference on days 7, 14 and 35. The time for the body temperature returning to normal will be used as the primary outcome. Discussion: This trial will provide scientific evidence on the use of Yinqiao Powder-Maxing Ganshi Decoction for the treatment of COVID-19, and the results would help raise the awareness in Hong Kong and the international community on the use of Chinese herbal medicine for treating COVID-19. Clinical Trial Registration: clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT05787327.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Him Sum
- Hong Kong Institute of Integrative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tong Wendy Li
- Hong Kong Institute of Integrative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Hong Kong Institute of Integrative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hing Yu Hung
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ben Yuk Fai Fong
- Hong Kong Institute of Integrative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- College of Professional and Continuing Education, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wai Ling Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tak Yee Chow
- Hong Kong Institute of Integrative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ka Chun Leung
- Hong Kong Institute of Integrative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Cho Wing Lo
- Hong Kong Institute of Integrative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chon Pin Chia
- Hong Kong Institute of Integrative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kam Leung Chan
- Hong Kong Institute of Integrative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhi-xiu Lin
- Hong Kong Institute of Integrative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Sun J. A mathematic equation derived from host-pathogen interactions elucidates the significance of integrating modern medicine with traditional Chinese medicine to treat infectious diseases. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2023:S2095-4964(23)00046-8. [PMID: 37349214 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
The prognosis of infectious diseases is determined by host-pathogen interactions. Control of pathogens has been the central dogma of treating infectious diseases in modern medicine, but the pathogen-directed medicine is facing significant challenges, including a lack of effective antimicrobials for newly emerging pathogens, pathogen drug resistance, and drug side effects. Here, a mathematic equation (termed equation of host-pathogen interactions, HPI-Equation) is developed to dissect the key variables of host-pathogen interactions. It shows that control of pathogens does not necessarily lead to host recovery. Instead, a combination of promoting a host's power of self-healing and balancing immune responses provides the best benefit for host. Moreover, the HPI-Equation elucidates the scientific basis of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), a host-based medicine that treats infectious diseases by promoting self-healing power and balancing immune responses. The importance of self-healing power elucidated in the HPI-Equation is confirmed by recent studies that the tolerance mechanism, which is discovered in plants and animals and conceptually similar to self-healing power, improves host survival without directly attacking pathogens. In summary, the HPI-Equation describes host-pathogen interactions with mathematical logic and precision; it translates the ancient wisdoms of TCM into apprehensible modern sciences and opens a new venue for integrating TCM and modern medicine for a future medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Sun
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, TX 79968, USA.
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Feng C, Wenlin Y, Qiangyong K, Li L, Jingjing Q. Clinical efficacy of combination therapy of FuXi-Tiandi-Wuxing Decoction and anti-viral drugs in the treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia: A prospective interventional study. J Herb Med 2023; 38:100627. [PMID: 36644210 PMCID: PMC9831664 DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2023.100627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China (NATCM) and the State Administration of Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) advocated a combination therapy of TCM and anti-viral drugs for novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) to improve the efficacy of clinical treatment. Methods Forty-six patients diagnosed with NCP were sequentially divided into intent-to-treat population: the experimental group (combination of FuXi-Tiandi-Wuxing Decoction and anti-viral drugs; n = 23) and the control group (anti-viral drugs only) (n = 23). The two groups were compared in terms of duration of fever, cough symptom score, fatigue, appetite, dyspnea, out-of-bed activities, chest computer tomography (CT) recovery, virological clearance, average length of hospital stay, and clinical effective rate of drug. After 6 days of observation, patients from the control group were divided into as-treated population: experimental subgroup (n = 14) to obtain clinical benefit and control subgroup (n = 9). Results There was a significant improvement in the duration of fever (1.087 ± 0.288 vs 4.304 ± 2.490), cough (0.437 ± 0.589 vs 2.435 ± 0.662; P < 0.05), chest CT evaluation (82.6% vs 43.4%; P < 0.05), and virological clearance (60.8% vs 8.7%; P < 0.05) in patients of the experimental group compared with patients in the control group. Further observation in as-treated population reported that cough (0.742 ± 0.463 vs 1.862 ± 0.347; P < 0.05) and fatigue (78.5% vs 33.3%; P < 0.05) were significantly relieved after adding FuXi-Tiandi-Wuxing Decoction to the existing treatment. Conclusion An early treatment with combination therapy of FuXi-Tiandi-Wuxing Decoction and anti-viral drugs significantly relieves the clinical symptoms of NCP, shows improvement in chest CT scan, improves virological clearance, shortens average length of hospital stay, and reduces the risk of severe illness. The effect of FuXi-Tiandi-Wuxing Decoction in NCP may be clinically important and require further consideration.
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Key Words
- ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome
- Anti-viral drug
- COVID-19
- CRS, cytokine release syndrome
- CT, computed tomography
- ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- H1N1, Hemagglutinin Type 1 and Neuraminidase Type 1
- ITT, intent-to-treat
- NATCM, National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China
- NCP, novel coronavirus pneumonia
- Novel coronavirus pneumonia
- PG, Platycodon grandiflorum
- Prospective
- RT-PCR, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction
- RdRp, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
- TCM, traditional Chinese medicine
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- Traditional Chinese medicine
- WHO, World Health Organization
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Feng
- People’s Hospital of Xiang Zhou District, Lanpu Rd, Xiangzhou, ICP No. 09154174, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yao Wenlin
- People’s Hospital of Xiang Zhou District, Lanpu Rd, Xiangzhou, ICP No. 09154174, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Kou Qiangyong
- People’s Hospital of Xiang Zhou District, Lanpu Rd, Xiangzhou, ICP No. 09154174, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lanting Li
- Shanghai Palan DataRx Co., Ltd, Room 611, Building A, No. 3501 Hechuan Road, Minhang District, 200110 Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Jingjing
- People’s Hospital of Xiang Zhou District, Lanpu Rd, Xiangzhou, ICP No. 09154174, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, China,Correspondence to: Department of Pneumonology, People’s Hospital of Xiang Zhou District, Lanpu Rd, Xiangzhou, ICP No. 09154174, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, China
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Promoting self‐healing power and balancing immune response: a holistic, effective strategy of traditional Chinese medicine in treating COVID‐19. PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH. MODERN CHINESE MEDICINE 2022; 5:100199. [PMCID: PMC9674391 DOI: 10.1016/j.prmcm.2022.100199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is a serious challenge to human medicines. Modern medicine (MM) has been excellent in identifying the virus, sequencing its mutants, and monitoring the pandemic progress. However, due to lack of effective antivirals in the first two years of the pandemic, MM treated COVID-19 mainly by conventional supportive care with limited efficacy. In China, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been actively participating the control of COVID-19, and the combination of TCM and conventional supportive care has shown better efficacies than the conventional care alone. Purpose: Clinical studies have shown that TCM treats COVID-19 through a holistic action, such as repairing organ injuries, anti-inflammation, immunoregulation and antiviral activities, etc. However, it is not clear how TCM is able to achieve these effects, and the scientific interpretation of TCM theories is lacking. This review aims to elucidate the scientific basis underlying TCM theories in the context of host-pathogen interaction and provide a working model for TCM in treating infectious diseases. Procedure: This review focuses on the essential components of host-pathogen interaction and performs an in-depth analysis of current literatures, including TCM theories and clinical studies as well as the most recent findings of tolerance (self-healing) mechanism in biomedical sciences. Conclusion: TCM treats COVID-19 through a holistic regulation of host responses, particularly by promoting patients’ self-healing power and balancing immune responses. Compared to the pathogen-centered MM, the host-centered TCM doesn't require specific antivirals and has less side-effects and drug resistance. This review provides a scientific insight into the mechanism of TCM and sheds a light on the prospective integration of TCM and MM for future challenges.
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Li W, Li T, Zhao C, Song T, Mi Y, Chuangfeng Z, Hou Y, Jia Z. XiaoEr LianHuaQinqGan alleviates viral pneumonia in mice infected by influenza A and respiratory syncytial viruses. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:2355-2366. [PMID: 36444944 PMCID: PMC9809968 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2147961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Xiaoer lianhuaqinqgan (XELH), developed based on Lianhua Qingwen (LHQW) prescription, contains 13 traditional Chinese medicines. It has completed the investigational new drug application to treat respiratory viral infections in children in China. OBJECTIVE This study demonstrates the pharmacological effects of XELH against viral pneumonia. MATERIALS AND METHODS The antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects of XELH were investigated in vitro using H3N2-infected A549 and LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and in vivo using BALB/c mice models of influenza A virus (H3N2) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-infection. Mice were divided into 7 groups (n = 20): Control, Model, LHQW (0.5 g/kg), XELH-low (2 g/kg), XELH-medium (4 g/kg), XELH-high (8 g/kg), and positive drug (20 mg/kg oseltamivir or 60 mg/kg ribavirin) groups. The anti-inflammatory effects of XELH were tested in a rat model of LPS-induced fever and a mouse model of xylene-induced ear edoema. RESULTS In vitro, XELH inhibited the pro-inflammatory cytokines and replication of H1N1, H3N2, H1N1, FluB, H9N2, H6N2, H7N3, RSV, and HCoV-229E viruses, with (IC50 47.4, 114, 79, 250, 99.2, 170, 79, 62.5, and 93 μg/mL, respectively). In vivo, XELH reduced weight loss and lung index, inhibited viral replication and macrophage M1 polarization, ameliorated lung damage, decreased inflammatory cell infiltration and pro-inflammatory cytokines expression in lung tissues, and increased the CD4+/CD8+ ratio. XELH inhibited LPS-induced fever in rats and xylene-induced ear edoema in mice. CONCLUSION XELH efficacy partially depends on integrated immunoregulatory effects. XELH is a promising therapeutic option against childhood respiratory viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Li
- Hebei Yiling Hospital, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Shijiazhuang Yiling Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Tongtong Li
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Chi Zhao
- Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Tao Song
- Shijiazhuang Yiling Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yao Mi
- Shijiazhuang Yiling Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Zhang Chuangfeng
- Shijiazhuang Yiling Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yunlong Hou
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- National Key Laboratory of Collateral Disease Research and Innovative Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Shijiazhuang Compound Traditional Chinese Medicine Technology Innovation Center, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Zhenhua Jia
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Shijiazhuang Compound Traditional Chinese Medicine Technology Innovation Center, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Hebei Yiling Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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Chen S, Liu Y, Ge J, Yin J, Shi T, Ntambara J, Cheng Z, Chu M, Gu H. Tetrandrine Treatment May Improve Clinical Outcome in Patients with COVID-19. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:medicina58091194. [PMID: 36143871 PMCID: PMC9503147 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58091194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic continues worldwide, and there is no effective treatment to treat it. Chinese medicine is considered the recommended treatment for COVID-19 in China. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of tetrandrine in treating COVID-19, which is originally derived from Chinese medicine. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 patients, categorized into three types (mild, moderate, severe), from Daye Hospital of Chinese Medicine with a diagnosis of COVID-19 were included in this study. Demographics, medical history, treatment, and results were collected. We defined two main groups according to the clinical outcome between improvement and recovery. All underlying factors including clinical outcomes were assessed in the total number of COVID-19 patients and moderate-type patients. Results: In a total of 60 patients, there were significant differences in the clinical outcome underlying treatment with antibiotics, tetrandrine, and arbidol (p < 0.05). When the comparison was limited to the moderate type, treatment with tetrandrine further increased recovery rate (p = 0.007). However, the difference disappeared, and no association was indicated between the clinical outcome and the treatment with and without antibiotic (p = 0.224) and arbidol (p = 0.318) in the moderate-type patients. In all-type and moderate-type patients, tetrandrine improved the rate of improvement in cough and fatigue on day 7 (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Tetrandrine may improve clinical outcome in COVID-19 patientsand could be a promising potential natural antiviral agent for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyin Chen
- School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226000, China
| | - Yiran Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226000, China
| | - Juan Ge
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People’s Hospital of Nantong), Nantong 226000, China
| | - Jianzhong Yin
- Department of Respiratory, Daye Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Daye 435100, China
| | - Ting Shi
- Department of Respiratory, Daye Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Daye 435100, China
| | - James Ntambara
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226000, China
| | - Zhounan Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226000, China
| | - Minjie Chu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226000, China
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (H.G.)
| | - Hongyan Gu
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People’s Hospital of Nantong), Nantong 226000, China
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (H.G.)
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Tsai PW, Hsieh CY, Ting JU, Ciou YR, Lee CJ, Hsieh CL, Lien TK, Hsueh CC, Chen BY. Synergistic deciphering of bioenergy production and electron transport characteristics to screen traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for COVID-19 drug development. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2022; 135:104365. [PMID: 35578714 PMCID: PMC9095373 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2022.104365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used as an "immune booster” for disease prevention and clinical treatment since ancient China. However, many studies were focused on the organic herbal extract rather than aqueous herbal extract (AHE; decoction). Due to the COVID-19 pandemics, this study tended to decipher phytochemical contents in the decoction of herbs and derived bioactivities (e.g., anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties). As prior works revealed, the efficacy of Parkinson's medicines and antiviral flavonoid herbs was strongly governed by their bioenergy-stimulating proficiency. Methods Herbal extracts were prepared by using a traditional Chinese decoction pot. After filtration and evaporation, crude extracts were used to prepare sample solutions for various bioassays. The phytochemical content and bioactivities of AHEs were determined via ELISA microplate reader. Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) were used as a novel platform to evaluate bioenergy contents with electron-transfer characteristics for antiviral drug development. Significant findings Regarding 18 TCM herbal extracts for the prevention of SARS and H1N1 influenza, comparison on total polyphenol, flavonoid, condensed tannins and polysaccharides were conducted. Moreover, considerable total flavonoid contents were detected for 11 herb extracts. These AEHs were not only rich in phytonutrient contents but also plentiful in anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Herbs with high polyphenol content had higher antioxidant activity. Forsythia suspensa extract expressed the highest inhibition against nitric oxide production for anti-inflammation. MFC bioenergy-stimulating studies also revealed that top ranking COVID-19 efficacious herbs were both bioenergy driven and electron mediated. That is, electron transfer-controlled bioenergy extraction was significant to antiviral characteristics for anti-COVID-19 drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Wei Tsai
- Department of Medical Sciences Industry, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan 711, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yang Hsieh
- PhD. Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Jasmine U Ting
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, De La Salle University, Metro Manila 1004, Philippines
| | - Yi-Ru Ciou
- Department of Medical Sciences Industry, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan 711, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jung Lee
- PhD. Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Lun Hsieh
- PhD. Educational Management Major in P.E., Graduate School, Emilio Aguinaldo College, Metro Manila, Manila 1007, Philippines
| | - Tzu-Kuan Lien
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National I-Lan University, I-Lan 260, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Chuan Hsueh
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National I-Lan University, I-Lan 260, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Yann Chen
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National I-Lan University, I-Lan 260, Taiwan
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Yeh YC, Doan LH, Huang ZY, Chu LW, Shi TH, Lee YR, Wu CT, Lin CH, Chiang ST, Liu HK, Chuang TH, Ping YH, Liu HS, Huang CYF. Honeysuckle ( Lonicera japonica) and Huangqi ( Astragalus membranaceus) Suppress SARS-CoV-2 Entry and COVID-19 Related Cytokine Storm in Vitro. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:765553. [PMID: 35401158 PMCID: PMC8990830 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.765553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is threatening human health worldwide but no effective treatment currently exists for this disease. Current therapeutic strategies focus on the inhibition of viral replication or using anti-inflammatory/immunomodulatory compounds to improve host immunity, but not both. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) compounds could be promising candidates due to their safety and minimal toxicity. In this study, we have developed a novel in silico bioinformatics workflow that integrates multiple databases to predict the use of honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica) and Huangqi (Astragalus membranaceus) as potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents. Using extracts from honeysuckle and Huangqi, these two herbs upregulated a group of microRNAs including let-7a, miR-148b, and miR-146a, which are critical to reduce the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, these herbs suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-6 or TNF-α, which were both identified in the cytokine storm of acute respiratory distress syndrome, a major cause of COVID-19 death. Furthermore, both herbs partially inhibited the fusion of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-transfected BHK-21 cells with the human lung cancer cell line Calu-3 that was expressing ACE2 receptors. These herbs inhibited SARS-CoV-2 Mpro activity, thereby alleviating viral entry as well as replication. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that honeysuckle and Huangqi have the potential to be used as an inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 virus entry that warrants further in vivo analysis and functional assessment of miRNAs to confirm their clinical importance. This fast-screening platform can also be applied to other drug discovery studies for other infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Chieh Yeh
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.,Program in Molecular Medicine, College of Life Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ly Hien Doan
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Zi-Yi Huang
- Program in Molecular Medicine, College of Life Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,ASUS Intelligent Cloud Services, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Wei Chu
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hau Shi
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, College of Life Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ray Lee
- Department of Medical Research, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Tao Wu
- Division of Big Data, Phalanx Biotech Group, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Hsiung Lin
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, College of Life Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Aging and Health Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Tuan Chiang
- Chuang Song Zong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Ligang Plant, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Kang Liu
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine (NRICM), Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan.,Ph. D. Program in the Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Hsien Chuang
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan.,Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Hsin Ping
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biophotonics, College of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Sheng Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Center for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,M.Sc. Program in Tropical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ying F Huang
- Program in Molecular Medicine, College of Life Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Mukherjee PK, Efferth T, Das B, Kar A, Ghosh S, Singha S, Debnath P, Sharma N, Bhardwaj PK, Haldar PK. Role of medicinal plants in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 and in the management of post-COVID-19 complications. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 98:153930. [PMID: 35114450 PMCID: PMC8730822 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.153930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The worldwide corona virus disease outbreak, generally known as COVID-19 pandemic outbreak resulted in a major health crisis globally. The morbidity and transmission modality of COVID-19 appear more severe and uncontrollable. The respiratory failure and following cardiovascular complications are the main pathophysiology of this deadly disease. Several therapeutic strategies are put forward for the development of safe and effective treatment against SARS-CoV-2 virus from the pharmacological view point but till date there are no specific treatment regimen developed for this viral infection. PURPOSE The present review emphasizes the role of herbs and herbs-derived secondary metabolites in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 virus and also for the management of post-COVID-19 related complications. This approach will foster and ensure the safeguards of using medicinal plant resources to support the healthcare system. Plant-derived phytochemicals have already been reported to prevent the viral infection and to overcome the post-COVID complications like parkinsonism, kidney and heart failure, liver and lungs injury and mental problems. In this review, we explored mechanistic approaches of herbal medicines and their phytocomponenets as antiviral and post-COVID complications by modulating the immunological and inflammatory states. STUDY DESIGN Studies related to diagnosis and treatment guidelines issued for COVID-19 by different traditional system of medicine were included. The information was gathered from pharmacological or non-pharmacological interventions approaches. The gathered information sorted based on therapeutic application of herbs and their components against SARSCoV-2 and COVID-19 related complications. METHODS A systemic search of published literature was conducted from 2003 to 2021 using different literature database like Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus and Web of Science to emphasize relevant articles on medicinal plants against SARS-CoV-2 viral infection and Post-COVID related complications. RESULTS Collected published literature from 2003 onwards yielded with total 625 articles, from more than 18 countries. Among these 625 articles, more than 95 medicinal plants and 25 active phytomolecules belong to 48 plant families. Reports on the therapeutic activity of the medicinal plants belong to the Lamiaceae family (11 reports), which was found to be maximum reported from 4 different countries including India, China, Australia, and Morocco. Other reports on the medicinal plant of Asteraceae (7 reports), Fabaceae (8 reports), Piperaceae (3 reports), Zingiberaceae (3 reports), Ranunculaceae (3 reports), Meliaceae (4 reports) were found, which can be explored for the development of safe and efficacious products targeting COVID-19. CONCLUSION Keeping in mind that the natural alternatives are in the priority for the management and prevention of the COVID-19, the present review may help to develop an alternative approach for the management of COVID-19 viral infection and post-COVID complications from a mechanistic point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pulok K Mukherjee
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Imphal-795001, India; School of Natural Product Studies, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata -700 032, India.
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Bhaskar Das
- School of Natural Product Studies, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata -700 032, India
| | - Amit Kar
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Imphal-795001, India
| | - Suparna Ghosh
- School of Natural Product Studies, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata -700 032, India
| | - Seha Singha
- School of Natural Product Studies, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata -700 032, India
| | - Pradip Debnath
- School of Natural Product Studies, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata -700 032, India
| | - Nanaocha Sharma
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Imphal-795001, India
| | | | - Pallab Kanti Haldar
- School of Natural Product Studies, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata -700 032, India
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10
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Rong G, Chen Y, Yu Z, Li Q, Bi J, Tan L, Xiang D, Shang Q, Lei C, Chen L, Hu X, Wang J, Liu H, Lu W, Chen Y, Dong Z, Bai W, Yoshida EM, Mendez-Sanchez N, Hu KQ, Qi X, Yang Y. Synergistic Effect of Biejia-Ruangan on Fibrosis Regression in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B Treated With Entecavir: A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. J Infect Dis 2022; 225:1091-1099. [PMID: 32437567 PMCID: PMC8921993 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term nucleos(t)ide analogue (NA) treatment can reverse liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B (CHB), but its effect on fibrosis regression remains limited. Biejia-Ruangan (BR) has been approved in China as an antifibrotic traditional Chinese medicine drug in patients with chronic liver diseases. A multicenter randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the effect of BR on fibrosis regression in CHB patients treated with NAs. METHODS CHB patients with histologically confirmed advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis were randomly assigned to receive entecavir (ETV) (0.5 mg per day) plus BR (2 g 3 times a day) or placebo for 72 weeks. Liver fibrosis regression was defined as a reduction of ≥ 1 point by the Ishak fibrosis stage (IFS). RESULTS Overall, 500 patients were enrolled in each group as the intention-to-treat population. The rate of fibrosis regression after 72 weeks of treatment was significantly higher in the ETV + BR group (40% vs 31.8%; P = .0069). Among 388 patients with cirrhosis (ie, IFS ≥ 5) at baseline, the rate of cirrhosis reversal (ie, IFS ≤ 4) was significantly higher in the ETV + BR group (41.5% vs 30.7%; P = .0103). CONCLUSIONS Addition of BR to the current standard treatment with NAs in CHB patients with advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis can improve liver fibrosis regression. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NCT01965418.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghua Rong
- Department of Liver Diseases & the Fifth Medical Center of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yongping Chen
- Department of Infectious and Liver Diseases, Liver Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zujiang Yu
- Department of Infectious Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Qin Li
- Fuzhou Infectious Diseases Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Jingfeng Bi
- Department of Clinical and Translational Medicine, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Tan
- Liver Disease Department, Fuyang Second People’s Hospital, Fuyang, Anhui Province, China
| | - Dedong Xiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qinghua Shang
- Therapeutic Center for Liver Disease, 88th Hospital of People’s Liberation Army, Taian, Shandong Province, China
| | - Chunliang Lei
- Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Hepatic Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- National Integrative Medicine Clinical Base for Infectious Diseases and Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Huabao Liu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Tianjin Second People’s Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Hepatology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Liver Diseases & the Fifth Medical Center of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Dong
- Department of Liver Diseases & the Fifth Medical Center of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenlin Bai
- Department of Liver Diseases & the Fifth Medical Center of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Eric M Yoshida
- Division of Gastroenterology, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nahum Mendez-Sanchez
- Liver Research Unit Medica Sur Clinic and Foundation, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ke-Qin Hu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California, USA
| | - Xingshun Qi
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command (formerly General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area), Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yongping Yang
- Department of Liver Diseases & the Fifth Medical Center of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Correspondence: Y. Yang, MD, PhD, Department of Liver Diseases & the Fifth Medical Center of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China ()
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11
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Li Y, Liu Y, Sun Y, Ma S, Ma C, Zhou H, Chen G, Liu L, Cai D. Study on the mechanism of Yupingfeng powder in the treatment of immunosuppression based on UPLC⁃QTOF⁃MS, network pharmacology and molecular biology verification. Life Sci 2022; 289:120211. [PMID: 34875251 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The current study aims to investigate the effect of Yupingfeng (YPF) powder on immunosuppression, and explore the possible mechanisms. MAIN METHODS Firstly, the monomer components of YPF powder were analyzed by UPLC-QTOF-MS combined with UNIFI automatic analysis platform, then the mechanism of YPF on immunosuppressive treatment was investigated using network pharmacological method, and finally the prediction was verified in a Candida albicans (Can)-induced immunosuppressive BALB/c mouse model. KEY FINDINGS 98 monomer compounds in YPF were obtained. Through virtual analysis and screening on the oral utilization and drug likeness properties of the components, 47 effective components were got. 9 core targets obtained were enriched in IL-17 signaling pathway. In the mouse model, YPF could reduce the number of Can and alleviate Can-induced inflammation in the kidney effectively, upregulate Can-induced low proportion of CD4+/CD8+ of splenic lymphocytes, and increase Can-induced low activity of IL-17 pathway. SIGNIFICANCE These results demonstrate that YPF could improve the immunity of Can-induced immunosuppression in BALB/c mice through upregulating the activity of IL-17 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong, PR China; Department of Pharmacy, the First Naval Force Hospital of Southern Theatre Command, Zhanjiang 524005, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yongsheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Yang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Shumei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 200437, PR China; Shanghai Professional and Technical Service Center for Biological Material Drug-ability Evaluation, Shanghai 200437, PR China
| | - Chunmei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 200437, PR China; Shanghai Professional and Technical Service Center for Biological Material Drug-ability Evaluation, Shanghai 200437, PR China
| | - Huiping Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Naval Force Hospital of Southern Theatre Command, Zhanjiang 524005, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Gui'e Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Naval Force Hospital of Southern Theatre Command, Zhanjiang 524005, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Li Liu
- State Key Laboratory of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 200437, PR China; Shanghai Professional and Technical Service Center for Biological Material Drug-ability Evaluation, Shanghai 200437, PR China.
| | - De Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong, PR China.
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Han JY, Li Q, Pan CS, Sun K, Fan JY. Progression of the Wei-Qi-Ying-Xue syndrome, microcirculatory disturbances, in infectious diseases and treatment with traditional Chinese medicine. WORLD JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/wjtcm.wjtcm_28_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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13
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Qiu L, Wu XW, Zhang SY, Yang M, Zhang SX, Fu JY, Li C, Zhang ZJ, Zheng PY, Lu ZH. Evaluation of efficacy and safety of Qiangzhu-qinggan formula as an adjunctive therapy in adult patients with severe influenza: study protocol for a randomized parallel placebo-controlled double-blind multicenter trial. Trials 2021; 22:955. [PMID: 34961550 PMCID: PMC8710932 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-021-05929-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Influenza can fall into three categories according to severity: mild influenza, severe influenza, and critical influenza. Severe influenza can result in critical illness and sometimes death particularly in patients with comorbidities, advanced age, or pregnancy. Neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) are the only antiviral drugs in widespread use for influenza. However, the effectiveness of NAIs against severe influenza is uncertain. New effective drugs or regimens are therefore urgently needed. Qiangzhu-qinggan (QZQG) formula has been found to be effective against influenza virus infection during long-term application in China, which lacks support of evidence-based clinical trial till now. This study is designed to assess the efficacy and safety of QZQG formula as an adjuvant therapy in adult patients with severe influenza. Methods This protocol is drawn up in accordance with the SPIRIT guidelines and CONSORT Extension for Chinese herbal medicine formulas. This is a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, multicenter trial. Two hundred twenty-eight adults with severe influenza are randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to QZQG or placebo for 7 days. All participants need to receive 1 day of screening before randomization, 7 days of intervention, and 21 days of observation after randomization. The primary outcome is the proportion of clinical improvement, defined as the proportion of patients who met the criteria of 3 points or less in the seven-category ordinal scale or 2 points or less in National Early Warning Score 2 within 7 days after randomization. Discussion This is the first randomized, controlled, parallel, double-blind clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese herbal formula granules as an adjuvant therapy in adult patients with severe influenza. This study aims to redefine the value of traditional Chinese herbal medicines in the treatment of virus-related respiratory infectious diseases and serves as an example of evidence-based clinical trials of other Chinese herbal medicines. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13063-021-05929-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Qiu
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.725 South Wanping Road, No.7 building, Xuhui District, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian-Wei Wu
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.725 South Wanping Road, No.7 building, Xuhui District, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shao-Yan Zhang
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.725 South Wanping Road, No.7 building, Xuhui District, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Yang
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.725 South Wanping Road, No.7 building, Xuhui District, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shun-Xian Zhang
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.725 South Wanping Road, No.7 building, Xuhui District, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-You Fu
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.725 South Wanping Road, No.7 building, Xuhui District, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Cui Li
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.725 South Wanping Road, No.7 building, Xuhui District, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Jie Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, 130 Dongan Road, No.8 building, Xuhui District, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei-Yong Zheng
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.725 South Wanping Road, No.7 building, Xuhui District, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhen-Hui Lu
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.725 South Wanping Road, No.7 building, Xuhui District, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Bao J, Xie Z, Liu S, Huang L, Sun J, Tang Y, Chen H, Qi J, Guo J, Miao L, Li Z, Yang H, Zhang Y, Li Z, Xu Y, Lin S, Xun Y, Zhang L, Bao J, Cai Z, Huang J, Wen C. Treatment Effects of Integrated TCM and Western Medicine Treatment Scheme on COVID-19: A Single-armed Clinical Trial. CLINICAL COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 1:100009. [PMID: 38620955 PMCID: PMC8590636 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccmp.2021.100009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Backgroud The outbreak of COVID-19 has brought unprecedented perils to human health and raised public health concerns in more than two hundred countries. Safe and effective treatment scheme is needed urgently. Objective To evaluate the effects of integratedTCM and western medicine treatment scheme on COVID-19. Methods A single-armed clinical trial was carried out in Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, an affiliated hospital with Zhejiang Chinese Medical University. 102 confirmed cases were screened out from 725 suspected cases and 93 of them were treated with integrated TCM and western medicine treatment scheme. Results 83 cases were cured, 5 cases deteriorated, and 5 cases withdrew from the study. No deaths were reported. The mean relief time of fever, cough, diarrhea, and fatigue were (4.78 ± 4.61) days, (7.22 ± 4.99) days, (5.28 ± 3.39) days, and (5.28 ± 3.39) days, respectively. It took (14.84 ± 5.50) days for SARS-CoV-2 by nucleic acid amplification-based testing to turn negative. Multivariable cox regression analysis revealed that age, BMI, PISCT, BPC, AST, CK, BS, and UPRO were independent risk factors for COVID-19 treatment. Conclusion Our study suggested that integrated TCM and western medicine treatment scheme was effective for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Bao
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
- Hangzhou Xixi Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Zhijun Xie
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Shourong Liu
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
- Hangzhou Xixi Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Lin Huang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Jing Sun
- The Second Hospital affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310005, China
| | - Yujun Tang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Haiping Chen
- Hangzhou Xixi Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Jianjiang Qi
- Hangzhou Xixi Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Jianchun Guo
- Hangzhou Xixi Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Liangbin Miao
- Hangzhou Xixi Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Zhaoyi Li
- Hangzhou Xixi Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Zhiyu Li
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Hangzhou Xixi Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Shengyou Lin
- Guangxing Hospital affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310007, China
| | - Yunhao Xun
- Hangzhou Xixi Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Guangxing Hospital affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310007, China
| | - Jie Bao
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Zhaobin Cai
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
- Hangzhou Xixi Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Jinsong Huang
- Hangzhou Xixi Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Chengping Wen
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
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15
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Buabeid M, Ijaz M, Shamim S, Huang X, Murtaza G. Therapeutic Uses of Traditional Chinese Medicines Against COVID-19. Infect Drug Resist 2021; 14:5017-5026. [PMID: 34866921 PMCID: PMC8639285 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s328261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is a pandemic and a serious respiratory disorder that is caused by coronavirus. It has produced an outbreak of acute infectious pneumonia in China and afterward all around the world. There is not a single anti-viral drug, vaccine or any kind of treatment available for this fatal disease. There are only a few options available for symptomatic relief. Thus, in China, 85% of SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals have been treated with traditional Chinese medicines (TCM). Thus, this article focused on the previous kinds of literature regarding COVID-19 and its treatment with TCM along with its applications. SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV showed similarity in genes, pathological processes, and epidemiology, so these can be treated with TCM. The proof regarding treatment of SARS-CoV with TCM explicitly shows the advantages of using TCM therapy for COVID-19. Present literature explains the mode of action and efficacy of TCM and elaborates on the natural compounds introduced to treat COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal Buabeid
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, 346, United Arab Emirates
- Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research Centre, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Munazza Ijaz
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saba Shamim
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Xianju Huang
- College of Pharmacy, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ghulam Murtaza
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
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16
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Aprilio K, Wilar G. Emergence of Ethnomedical COVID-19 Treatment: A Literature Review. Infect Drug Resist 2021; 14:4277-4289. [PMID: 34703254 PMCID: PMC8541748 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s327986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of COVID-19 as a new pandemic in the modern era has led the public to a new perspective of health. In the earlier days of the COVID-19 pandemic, many factors made people go on their own ways in finding its supposed "cure". With conventional medicines' limited availability and access, traditional medicines become more appealing due to its widespread availability and increased perception of safety. Several herbal medicines are then believed to be able to alleviate or cure COVID-19 and its symptoms. Similarities and patterns in herbal medicines being used show local wisdom of the respective communities regarding their knowledge of diseases and its treatment, known as ethnomedicine. Despite not being approved yet by regulatory bodies as a definitive guideline in COVID-19 management, the application of ethnomedicine results in several herbal medicine candidates that show a promising result regarding its efficacy in managing COVID-19. This literature review aims to study how a society and its knowledge of medicine responds to a new and currently developing disease, and whether if that knowledge merits further study in search of a cure for the pandemic. Furthermore, the narrative aspect in this review also explores socio-politics and public health aspects and considerations of non-conventional COVID-19 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Aprilio
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, West Java, 45363, Indonesia
| | - Gofarana Wilar
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, West Java, 45363, Indonesia
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Chu L, Huang F, Zhang M, Huang B, Wang Y. Current status of traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of COVID-19 in China. Chin Med 2021; 16:63. [PMID: 34315521 PMCID: PMC8314260 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-021-00461-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
An ongoing outbreak of severe respiratory illness and pneumonia caused by the severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) commenced in December 2019, and the disease was named as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Soon after, scientists identified the characteristics of SARS-CoV-2, including its genome sequence and protein structure. The clinical manifestations of COVID-19 have now been established; and nucleic acid amplification is used for the direct determination of the virus, whereas immunoassays can determine the antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Clinical trials of several antiviral drugs are ongoing. However, there is still no specific drugs to treat COVID-19. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) was used in the treatment of COVID-19 during the early stages of the outbreak in China. Some ancient TCM prescriptions, which were efficacious in the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2002–03 and the influenza pandemic (H1N1) of 2009, have been improved by experienced TCM practitioners for the treatment of COVID-19 based on their clinical symptoms. These developed new prescriptions include Lianhua Qingwen capsules/granules, Jinhua Qinggan granules and XueBiJing injection, among others. In this review, we have summarized the presenting features of SARS-CoV-2, the clinical characteristics of COVID-19, and the progress in the treatment of COVID-19 using TCMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chu
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengdan Zhang
- College of Life and Medicine Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, No. 928, 2nd Street, Xiasha Higher Education Park, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Biao Huang
- College of Life and Medicine Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, No. 928, 2nd Street, Xiasha Higher Education Park, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yigang Wang
- College of Life and Medicine Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, No. 928, 2nd Street, Xiasha Higher Education Park, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China.
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Effect of the Chinese Herbal Medicine SS-1 on a Sjögren's Syndrome-Like Disease in Mice. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11060530. [PMID: 34200223 PMCID: PMC8229783 DOI: 10.3390/life11060530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) is an inflammatory autoimmune disease primarily affecting the exocrine glands; it has a major impact on patients’ lives. The Chinese herbal formula SS-1 is composed of Gan Lu Yin, Sang Ju Yin, and Xuefu Zhuyu decoction, which exerts anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antifibrotic effects. Our previous study demonstrated that SS-1 alleviates clinical SS. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and mechanism of the Chinese herbal formula SS-1 for salivary gland protein-induced experimental Sjögren’s syndrome (ESS). These results showed that ESS treatment with the Chinese herbal formula SS-1 (1500 mg/kg) significantly alleviated the severity of ESS. We found that SS-1 substantially improved saliva flow rates in SS mice and ameliorated lymphocytic infiltrations in submandibular glands. In addition, salivary gland protein-induced SS in mice treated with SS-1 significantly lowered proinflammatory cytokines (including IFN-γ, IL-6, and IL-17A) in mouse salivary glands and decreased serum anti-M3R autoantibody levels. In addition, we found that CD4+ T cells isolated from SS-1-treated SS mice significantly reduced the percentages of IFN-γ-producing CD4+ T cells (Th1) and IL-17A-producing CD4+ T cells (Th17). Our data show that SS-1 alleviates ESS through anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects, which provides new insight into the clinical treatment of SS.
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Liao Y, Zhong J, Liu S, Dai M, Liu Y, Li X, Yang Y, Zhang D, Lai D, Lu T, Zhang Q, Zhao Y. Yu ping feng san for pediatric allergic rhinitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e24534. [PMID: 33787571 PMCID: PMC8021384 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000024534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The potential treatment effects and safety of Yu ping feng san (YPFS) for pediatric allergic rhinitis (PAR) patients have yet to be studied systematically. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects and safety of YPFS for treat pediatric patients, allergic rhinitis. METHODS We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE (Excerpta Medical Database), Cochrane library, Chinese Cochrane Centre's Controlled Trials Register platform, Wanfang Chinese Digital Periodical and Conference Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database, and VIP Chinese Science, from inception dates to November 1, 2019. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included. The risk of bias in the trials was assessed in accordance with the Cochrane Handbook, version 5.1.0. RevMan 5.3 software was used to perform a meta-analysis. Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation methodology was applied to evaluate the evidence quality for each outcome. The quality of evidence for each outcome measurement was low for 4 outcomes and very low for 5 outcomes. RESULTS A total of 10 RCTs involving 1069 participants (3-15 years old) fulfilled the inclusion criteria. After exclusion, 8 RCTs were pooled for efficacy assessment. The overall efficacy evaluation result did not show benefit for the experimental group (relative risk 0.32, CI 95% 0.24-0.45; P = .98;) Investigation of variation of serum IgA, immunoglobulin E, IgG in three studies in 2 groups returned no statistical significance. YPFS gave relatively better safety (relative risk 0.29, CI 95% 0.14-0.58; P = .0005; Fig. S8, http://links.lww.com/MD/F751) and lower recurrence rates than did Western medical therapy. CONCLUSIONS Current evidence cannot support the routine use of YPFS for treatment of PAR. This may be due to poor-quality study-design limitations of the included YPFS studies. Our data showed that the use of YPFS for PAR is relatively safe compared to Western medical therapy, but a conclusion could not be drawn because only 5 studies were analyzed. Every study suffered from some methodological limitation. Therefore, further large, rigorously-designed studies are necessary to determine conclusively the utility of YPFS in PAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Minda Hospital of Hubei Minzu University, Enshi
| | - Juan Zhong
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- School of Medical and Life Sciences/Reproductive and Women-Children Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Shuqin Liu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Menglin Dai
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Yang Liu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Xinrong Li
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Yepeng Yang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Dazheng Zhang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Dujiangyan medical centre
- China qingcheng medical research laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Dan Lai
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25 TaiPing Street, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Tao Lu
- Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery Department One, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan
| | - Qinxiu Zhang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- School of Medical and Life Sciences/Reproductive and Women-Children Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu
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Lee YR, Chang CM, Yeh YC, Huang CYF, Lin FM, Huang JT, Hsieh CC, Wang JR, Liu HS. Honeysuckle Aqueous Extracts Induced let-7a Suppress EV71 Replication and Pathogenesis In Vitro and In Vivo and Is Predicted to Inhibit SARS-CoV-2. Viruses 2021; 13:v13020308. [PMID: 33669264 PMCID: PMC7920029 DOI: 10.3390/v13020308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica Thunb) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with an antipathogenic activity. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules that are ubiquitously expressed in cells. Endogenous miRNA may function as an innate response to block pathogen invasion. The miRNA expression profiles of both mice and humans after the ingestion of honeysuckle were obtained. Fifteen overexpressed miRNAs overlapped and were predicted to be capable of targeting three viruses: dengue virus (DENV), enterovirus 71 (EV71) and SARS-CoV-2. Among them, let-7a was examined to be capable of targeting the EV71 RNA genome by reporter assay and Western blotting. Moreover, honeysuckle-induced let-7a suppression of EV71 RNA and protein expression as well as viral replication were investigated both in vitro and in vivo. We demonstrated that let-7a targeted EV71 at the predicted sequences using luciferase reporter plasmids as well as two infectious replicons (pMP4-y-5 and pTOPO-4643). The suppression of EV71 replication and viral load was demonstrated in two cell lines by luciferase activity, RT-PCR, real-time PCR, Western blotting and plaque assay. Furthermore, EV71-infected suckling mice fed honeysuckle extract or inoculated with let-7a showed decreased clinical scores and a prolonged survival time accompanied with decreased viral RNA, protein expression and virus titer. The ingestion of honeysuckle attenuates EV71 replication and related pathogenesis partially through the upregulation of let-7a expression both in vitro and in vivo. Our previous report and the current findings imply that both honeysuckle and upregulated let-7a can execute a suppressive function against the replication of DENV and EV71. Taken together, this evidence indicates that honeysuckle can induce the expression of let-7a and that this miRNA as well as 11 other miRNAs have great potential to prevent and suppress EV71 replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ray Lee
- Department of Medical Research, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 600, Taiwan;
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ming Chang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan;
| | - Yuan-Chieh Yeh
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung Medical Center, Keelung 204, Taiwan;
- Program in Molecular Medicine, School of Life Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
| | - Chi-Ying F. Huang
- Program in Molecular Medicine, School of Life Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Mao Lin
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan;
| | - Juan-Ting Huang
- Division of Big Data, Phalanx Biotech Group, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan;
| | - Chang-Chi Hsieh
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan;
| | - Jen-Ren Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan;
| | - Hsiao-Sheng Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan;
- Center for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- M. Sc. Program in Tropical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-7-3121101 (ext. 2378)
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21
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Zhou LP, Wang J, Xie RH, Pakhale S, Krewski D, Cameron DW, Wen SW. The Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine as an Auxiliary Treatment for COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Altern Complement Med 2020; 27:225-237. [PMID: 33252246 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2020.0310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a pandemic with no specific and widely accepted effective drug or vaccine. However, studies have shown that Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) may play a significant role as an auxiliary treatment for COVID-19. Objective: This study aimed to assess the effects of TCM as an auxiliary treatment for COVID-19 through a systematic review of randomized-controlled trials (RCTs). Methods: Four English and three Chinese language databases were searched from December 1, 2019, to June 30, 2020. RCTs comparing TCM in combination with Western medicine (WM) with the same WM therapies alone for confirmed COVID-19 patients were included. The outcome measures were cure rate, lowering of body temperature, cough relief, improvement in chest computed tomography (CT) images, deterioration of condition, and adverse effects. Methodological quality was assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. A series of meta-analyses were conducted for selected outcomes using RevMan 5.3 software. The quality of evidence was appraised using the grading of recommendation, assessment, development, and evaluation (GRADE) recommendations. Results: Ten RCTs with a total of 1,285 patients were included. Compared with WM alone in treating COVID-19, WM with auxiliary treatment by TCM appears to have increased the cure rate (risk ratio [RR] 1.15 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04-1.26]), relieved cough (RR 1.32 [95% CI 1.15-1.52]), improved chest CT images (RR 1.23 [95% CI 1.11-1.37]), and reduced the number of cases transitioning from a moderate to severe condition (RR 0.58 [95% CI 0.43-0.77]). The authors are uncertain whether TCM combined WM has effects on fever normalization (RR 1.10 [95% CI 0.94-1.29]) or adverse effects (RR 0.81 (95% CI 0.42-1.57]). Although they evaluated the certainty of evidence for lowering body temperature and adverse effects as very low, and low for cure rate, certainty was evaluated as moderate for improvement in chest CT images, cough relief, and deterioration of condition. Conclusion: TCM may be an effective auxiliary treatment for COVID-19 patients, which is likely to help improve the main symptoms and reduce disease progression. However, due to the limited number of studies and apparent heterogeneity among them, a more definitive conclusion on the effect of TCM on lowering body temperature and adverse effects cannot be drawn at this time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le-Peng Zhou
- Department of Nursing, Nanhai Hospital of Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong, China.,General Practice Center, Nanhai Hospital of Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Nursing, Nanhai Hospital of Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong, China.,General Practice Center, Nanhai Hospital of Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Ri-Hua Xie
- Department of Nursing, Nanhai Hospital of Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong, China.,General Practice Center, Nanhai Hospital of Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Smita Pakhale
- Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel Krewski
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Risk Science International, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - D William Cameron
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Infectious Diseases, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shi Wu Wen
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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A Potential Chinese Medicine Granule Suppressing ARDS of COVID-19: Keguan-1. Chin J Integr Med 2020; 26:803-804. [PMID: 33017033 PMCID: PMC7533665 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-020-3437-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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23
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Patel SKS, Lee JK, Kalia VC. Deploying Biomolecules as Anti-COVID-19 Agents. Indian J Microbiol 2020; 60:263-268. [PMID: 32647390 PMCID: PMC7282542 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-020-00893-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) known as COVID-19 has emerged as a major threat to human existence. COVID-19 seems to have undergone adaptive evolution through an intermediate host, most likely bats. The flu leads to severe pneumonia that causes respiratory and multi-organ failure. The absence of any known treatment procedures, drugs, or vaccines has created panic around the World. The need is to develop rapid testing kits, drugs and vaccines. However, these proposals are time-consuming processes. At present social distancing along with previously known traditional medicines can act as quick and short-term alternatives for treating this viral flu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay K. S. Patel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Kul Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - Vipin C. Kalia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029 Republic of Korea
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24
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Lee GA, Chang CM, Wu YC, Ma RY, Chen CY, Hsue YT, Liao NS, Chang HH. Chinese herbal medicine SS-1 inhibits T cell activation and abrogates T H responses in Sjögren's syndrome. J Formos Med Assoc 2020; 120:651-659. [PMID: 32741737 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2020.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease and its conventional treatment has exhibited limited therapeutic efficacy. Traditional Chinese medicine has been demonstrated to ameliorate the sicca symptoms of SS by decreasing the level of TH1 and TH2 cytokines and increasing salivary flow rate. A newly designed traditional Chinese medicine, SS-1, showed improved efficacy in alleviating the dryness symptoms of SS patients in the National Taiwan SS cohort investigation. Here, we investigated the effect of SS-1 on T cell responses. METHODS SS-1 was authenticated and its major compounds were verified by high-performance liquid chromatography. We examined the effects of SS-1 on the activation and TH1, TH2, and TH17 polarization of murine T cells. We also determined the level of TH1, TH2, and TH17 cytokine RNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of SS patients before and after SS-1 treatment. RESULTS SS-1 treatment inhibits the activation and TH1, TH2, and IL-17A+IFNγ+ TH polarization of murine T cells. SS-1 treatment also significantly reduces IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-13 expression, and moderately reduces IL-17A expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of SS patients. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that SS-1 inhibits T cell activation and diminishes TH1, TH2, and IL-17+IFN-γ+ TH responses in SS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilbert Aaron Lee
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Mao Chang
- Center for Traditional Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying Chieh Wu
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ruo-Yu Ma
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yu Chen
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Tzu Hsue
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Nan-Shih Liao
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Hen-Hong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, and Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, College of Chinese Medicine, and Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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25
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Exploring an Integrative Therapy for Treating COVID-19: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Chin J Integr Med 2020; 26:648-655. [PMID: 32676976 PMCID: PMC7364292 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-020-3426-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Objectives To develop a new Chinese medicine (CM)-based drug and to evaluate its safety and effect for suppressing acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in COVID-19 patients. Methods A putative ARDS-suppressing drug Keguan-1 was first developed and then evaluated by a randomized, controlled two-arm trial. The two arms of the trial consist of a control therapy (alpha interferon inhalation, 50 µg twice daily; and lopinavir/ritonavir, 400 and 100 mg twice daily, respectively) and a testing therapy (control therapy plus Keguan-1 19.4 g twice daily) by random number table at 1:1 ratio with 24 cases each group. After 2-week treatment, adverse events, time to fever resolution, ARDS development, and lung injury on newly diagnosed COVID-19 patients were assessed. Results An analysis of the data from the first 30 participants showed that the control arm and the testing arm did not exhibit any significant differences in terms of adverse events. Based on this result, the study was expanded to include a total of 48 participants (24 cases each arm). The results show that compared with the control arm, the testing arm exhibited a significant improvement in time to fever resolution (P=0.035), and a significant reduction in the development of ARDS (P=0.048). Conclusions Keguan-1-based integrative therapy was safe and superior to the standard therapy in suppressing the development of ARDS in COVID-19 patients. (Trial registration No. NCT 04251871 at www.clinicaltrials.gov) Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at 10.1007/s11655-020-3426-7.
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26
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Evidence map on the contributions of traditional, complementary and integrative medicines for health care in times of COVID-19. Integr Med Res 2020; 9:100473. [PMID: 32766112 PMCID: PMC7362868 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2020.100473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Due to the pandemic, there is a significant interest in the therapeutic resources linked to TCIM to support potentially therapeutic research and intervention in the management of Coronavirus - 19 (COVID-19). At the date of this evidence map´s publication, there is no evidence of specific treatments for COVID-19. This map organizes information about symptoms management (especially on dimensions related to mental health and mild viral respiratory infections, as well as immune system strengthening and antiviral activity). Method This evidence map applies methodology developed by Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information based on the 3iE evidence gap map. A search was performed in the Traditional, Complementary and Integrative Medicine Virtual Health Library and PubMed, using the MeSH and DeCS terms for respiratory viral diseases associated with epidemics, COVID-19 symptoms, relevant mental health topics, pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions related to TCIM. Results For the map, 126 systematic reviews and controlled clinical studies were characterized, distributed in a matrix with 62 interventions (18 phytotherapy, 9 mind-body therapies, 11 traditional Chinese medicine, 7 homeopathic and anthroposophic dynamized medicines and 17 supplements), and 67 outcomes (14 immunological response, 23 mental health, 25 complementary clinical management of the infection and 5 other). Conclusion The map presents an overview of possible TCIM contributions to various dimensions of the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in the field of mental health, and it is directed to researchers and health professionals specialized in TCIM. Most of the antiviral activity outcomes described in this map refers to respiratory viruses in general, and not specifically to SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus 2). This information may be useful to guide new research, but not necessarily to support a therapeutic recommendation. Finally, any suspicion of COVID-19 infection should follow the protocols recommended by the health authorities of each country/region.
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Xin S, Cheng X, Zhu B, Liao X, Yang F, Song L, Shi Y, Guan X, Su R, Wang J, Xing L, Xu X, Jin L, Liu Y, Zhou W, Zhang D, Liang L, Yu Y, Yu R. Clinical retrospective study on the efficacy of Qingfei Paidu decoction combined with Western medicine for COVID-19 treatment. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 129:110500. [PMID: 32768975 PMCID: PMC7342031 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)2 has emerged as a global pandemic. However, as effective treatments for this disease are still unclear, safe and efficient therapies are urgently needed. Qingfei Paidu decoction (QPD)3 is strongly recommended in the Chinese Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Diagnosis and Treatment Plan (Provisional 6th Edition). However, clinical research data on the effects of QPD on COVID-19 are scarce. Our study aimed to explore the effects of combined treatment with QPD and Western medicine on COVID-19. METHODS In this study, 63 patients with confirmed COVID-19 were analyzed. During the first 14 days of hospitalization, patients with deteriorating symptoms were administered QPD along with Western medicine therapy (the antiviral medicine selected from interferon, lopinavir, or arbidol). The clinical characteristics and blood laboratory indices (blood routine, inflammatory factors, and multi-organ biochemical indices) were examined, and the total lung severity scores were evaluated in each patient by reviewing chest computed tomography before treatment and at the end of treatment. RESULTS Before QPD treatment, the combined treatment group showed higher blood C-reactive protein levels and more severe pulmonary inflammation and clinical symptoms than the Western medicine treatment group. Both groups met the discharge criteria after a similar length of hospitalization. At the end of treatment, circulating white blood cells, total lymphocyte count, and glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase levels improved dramatically in both groups (P < 0.05). In contrast, C-reactive protein, creatine kinase, creatine kinase-myocardial band, lactate dehydrogenase, and blood urea nitrogen levels were improved only in the combined treatment group (P < 0.05), and C-reactive protein and creatine kinase were the most pronounced (P < 0.01). Compared with baseline, at the end of treatment, the proportion of patients with normal values of C-reactive protein, total lymphocyte count, and lactate dehydrogenase were increased in the combined treatment group (P < 0.05), whereas no significant difference was observed in the Western medicine treatment group (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION The combination of QPD with Western medicine demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory effects compared with those of only Western medicine in patients with mild and moderate COVID-19; however, neither mortality nor length of hospitalization was affected. Moreover, the combined treatment tended to mitigate the extent of multi-organ impairment. Long-term randomized controlled trials with follow-up evaluations are required to confirm the results presented here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyi Xin
- Xiangyang NO.1 People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei, 441000, China.
| | - Xueqi Cheng
- Xiangyang NO.1 People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei, 441000, China.
| | - Bo Zhu
- Xiangyang NO.1 People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei, 441000, China.
| | - Xiaolong Liao
- Xiangyang NO.1 People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei, 441000, China.
| | - Feng Yang
- Xiangyang NO.1 People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei, 441000, China.
| | - Lina Song
- Xiangyang NO.1 People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei, 441000, China.
| | - Yan Shi
- Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110847, China.
| | - Xuefeng Guan
- Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110847, China.
| | - Renyi Su
- Xiangyang NO.1 People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei, 441000, China.
| | - Jian Wang
- Xiangyang NO.1 People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei, 441000, China.
| | - Limin Xing
- Xiangyang NO.1 People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei, 441000, China.
| | - Xiping Xu
- Xiangyang NO.1 People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei, 441000, China.
| | - Lin Jin
- Xiangyang NO.1 People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei, 441000, China.
| | - Yanping Liu
- Xiangyang NO.1 People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei, 441000, China.
| | - Wei Zhou
- Xiangyang NO.1 People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei, 441000, China.
| | - Dongwei Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110031, China.
| | - Liang Liang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110031, China.
| | - You Yu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110034, China.
| | - Rui Yu
- Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110847, China.
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Abstract
COVID-19 has been the most devastating pandemic in human history. Despite the highest scientific efforts and investments, a reliable and certified medication has yet to be developed regarding to immune or cure this virus. However, while synthetic medications are gaining the focus of attentions, it appears from a significant number of recent studies that plant-based substances could also be potential candidates for developing effective and secure remedies against this novel disease. Citing such recent works, this review primarily demonstrates the antiviral potentials of medicinal plants for inhibiting human coronaviruses. It also shows the importance of antiviral plants substances, particularly in the development of a broad spectrum medication for coronaviruses including SARS-CoV-2 responsible for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israt Jahan
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Yıldız Technical University, İstanbul Turkey
| | - Ahmet Onay
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Dicle University, Diyarbakır Turkey
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Ye YA. Guideline-Based Chinese Herbal Medicine Treatment Plus Standard Care for Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (G-CHAMPS): Evidence From China. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:256. [PMID: 32574340 PMCID: PMC7267028 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: In January, national guidelines were developed and recommended for use throughout China to fight coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) was also included as part of the treatment plans at various stages of COVID-19. Methods: We conducted a pilot randomized, controlled trial in patients with severe COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. Eligible adult patients were randomly assigned in a 2:1 ratio to receive either CHM plus standard care or standard care alone for 7 days. The primary outcome was the change in the disease severity category of COVID-19 after treatment. Results: Between Jan 31, 2020, and Feb 19, 2020, 42 out of 100 screened patients were included in the trial: 28 in the CHM plus standard care group and 14 in the standard care alone group. Among 42 participants who were randomized (mean [SD] age 60.43 years [12.69 years]), 21 (21/42, 50%) were aged ≥65 years, 35 (35/42, 83%) were women, and 42 (42/42, 100%) had data available for the primary outcome. For the primary outcome, one patient from each group died during treatment; the odds of a shift toward death was lower in the CHM plus group than in the standard care alone group (common OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.148–2.352, P = 0.454). Three (two from the CHM plus group and one from the standard care alone group) patients progressed from severe to critical illness. After treatment, mild, moderate, and severe COVID-19 disease accounted for 17.86% (5/28) vs. 14.29% (2/28), 71.43% (20/28) vs. 64.29% (9/28), and 0% (0) vs. 7.14% (1/28) of the patients treated with CHM plus standard care vs. standard care alone. Conclusions: For the first time, the G-CHAMPS trial provided valuable information for the national guideline-based CHM treatment of hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19. The effects of CHM in COVID-19 may be clinically important and warrant further consideration and studies. Clinical Trial Registration:http://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx. Uniqueidentifier: ChiCTR2000029418.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-An Ye
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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30
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Cena H, Chieppa M. Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19-SARS-CoV-2) and Nutrition: Is Infection in Italy Suggesting a Connection? Front Immunol 2020; 11:944. [PMID: 32574257 PMCID: PMC7221157 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was declared a global pandemic on March 11, 2020. The outbreak first occurred in Wuhan, Hubei, China, in December 2019 and hit Italy heavily in February 2020. Several countries are adopting complete or partial lockdown to contain the growth of COVID-19 infection. These measures may affect people's mental health and well-being but are necessary to avoid spreading the pandemic. There has been a gradual increase in studies exploring prevention and control measures, and we recommend paying close attention to nutrition, which may contribute to modulating some important consequences of COVID-19 infection, as such pro-inflammatory cytokine storm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hellas Cena
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine-Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition Laboratory, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Service, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, ICS Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marcello Chieppa
- National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. de Bellis", Institute of Research, Castellana Grotte, Italy.,Depatrment of Immunology and Cell Biology, European Biomedical Research Institute of Salerno EBRIS, Salerno, Italy
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31
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Yang Y, Islam MS, Wang J, Li Y, Chen X. Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Treatment of Patients Infected with 2019-New Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2): A Review and Perspective. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:1708-1717. [PMID: 32226288 PMCID: PMC7098036 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.45538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 538] [Impact Index Per Article: 134.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, formerly known as 2019-nCoV, the causative pathogen of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)) has rapidly spread across China and around the world, causing an outbreak of acute infectious pneumonia. No specific anti-virus drugs or vaccines are available for the treatment of this sudden and lethal disease. The supportive care and non-specific treatment to ameliorate the symptoms of the patient are the only options currently. At the top of these conventional therapies, greater than 85% of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients in China are receiving Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) treatment. In this article, relevant published literatures are thoroughly reviewed and current applications of TCM in the treatment of COVID-19 patients are analyzed. Due to the homology in epidemiology, genomics, and pathogenesis of the SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV, and the widely use of TCM in the treatment of SARS-CoV, the clinical evidence showing the beneficial effect of TCM in the treatment of patients with SARS coronaviral infections are discussed. Current experiment studies that provide an insight into the mechanism underlying the therapeutic effect of TCM, and those studies identified novel naturally occurring compounds with anti-coronaviral activity are also introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China
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32
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Kang JS. Dietary restriction of amino acids for Cancer therapy. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2020; 17:20. [PMID: 32190097 PMCID: PMC7071719 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-020-00439-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Biosyntheses of proteins, nucleotides and fatty acids, are essential for the malignant proliferation and survival of cancer cells. Cumulating research findings show that amino acid restrictions are potential strategies for cancer interventions. Meanwhile, dietary strategies are popular among cancer patients. However, there is still lacking solid rationale to clarify what is the best strategy, why and how it is. Here, integrated analyses and comprehensive summaries for the abundances, signalling and functions of amino acids in proteomes, metabolism, immunity and food compositions, suggest that, intermittent dietary lysine restriction with normal maize as an intermittent staple food for days or weeks, might have the value and potential for cancer prevention or therapy. Moreover, dietary supplements were also discussed for cancer cachexia including dietary immunomodulatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Sheng Kang
- Clinical Systems Biology Laboratories, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
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33
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Ji S, Bai Q, Wu X, Zhang DW, Wang S, Shen JL, Fei GH. Unique synergistic antiviral effects of Shufeng Jiedu Capsule and oseltamivir in influenza A viral-induced acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 121:109652. [PMID: 31734578 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to investigate the synergistic effects and interactive mechanisms of Shufeng Jiedu Capsule (SFJDC) combined with oseltamivir in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) induced by the influenza A virus (IAV). METHODS The extraction of SFJDC was analyzed by UHPLC/ESI Q-Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry. Human bronchial epithelial cells were isolated from COPD (DHBE) bronchial tissues, co-cultured with IAV for 24 h, and were subsequently treated with SFJDC and/or oseltamivir. Cell viability was detected by MTT assay. A rat model of COPD with IAV infection was established and treated with SFJDC and/or oseltamivir. Interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were measured by ELISA. Additionally, mRNA and protein levels of NLRP3 inflammasome pathway were measured by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blotting, respectively. RESULTS SFJDC and/or oseltamivir, at their optimal concentrations, had no significant cytotoxicity against DHBEs. The levels of NLRP3-inflammasome-associated components were significantly elevated after cells were inoculated with IAV, whereas the mRNA and protein levels of these components were significantly decreased after treatment with SFJDC and/or oseltamivir in vitro. Moreover, in vivo, the combination of SFJDC and oseltamivir improved survival rates, attenuated clinical symptoms, induced weight gain, alleviated lung damage, and significantly reduced IL-1β and IL-18 levels in serum and BALF, as well as reduced the expression levels of NLRP3-associated components and viral titers in lung homogenates. CONCLUSION SFJDC combined with oseltamivir treatment significantly attenuated IAV-induced airway inflammation and lung viral titers. Hence, our findings may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for IAV-induced respiratory infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Ji
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui Province, PR China
| | - Qin Bai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui Province, PR China
| | - Xu Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui Province, PR China
| | - Da-Wei Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui Province, PR China
| | - Sheng Wang
- The Center for Scientific Research of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui Province, PR China
| | - Ji-Long Shen
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Provincial Laboratories of Pathogen Biology and Zoonoses, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui Province, PR China
| | - Guang-He Fei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui Province, PR China.
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34
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Woo Y, Hyun MK. Effectiveness of Integrative Therapy for Parkinson's Disease Management. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:40. [PMID: 30863304 PMCID: PMC6399136 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To investigate the effectiveness of integrative therapy on prevalence and length of hospitalization and management of major complications of Parkinson’s disease (PD) in the South Korea. Methods: This study was a retrospective cohort analysis conducted using the National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort in the South Korea. Patients over 65 years old who were newly diagnosed with PD during 2007–2011 were identified. The integrative therapy group was defined as patients treated with both Korean medicine (KM) and biomedicine, and the monotherapy group consisted of patients treated with biomedicine alone. From PD diagnosis to 2013, the prevalence and annual length of hospitalization because of PD and major complications (dementia, depression and pneumonia/sepsis) were analyzed using logistic regression, ANOVA and t-tests after propensity score (PS) matching with a 1:1 ratio. Results: After PS estimation and matching, the cohort used in the analysis included 228 subjects (114 integrative therapy group, 114 monotherapy group). Sex, age, index year, comorbidity, severity of disability, neurologic care, and anti-parkinsonism medication (levodopa, ropinirole, pramipexole, selegiline) were adjusted in both groups. The prevalence of hospitalization due to pneumonia/sepsis was 0.50 times (95% C.I.: 0.26–0.96) lower in the integrative therapy group than the monotherapy group, which was statistically significant (p = 0.038). The prevalence and annual length of total hospitalization and hospitalization because of PD, dementia, and depression in the integrative therapy group showed positive results compared to the monotherapy group, but these differences were not statistically significant. Conclusion: It has not been clearly identified that integrative therapy with KM and biomedicine for PD management is better treatment for patients compared to biomedicine monotherapy; however, we found a clue of better result in integrated therapy. Therefore, further investigation by increasing the number of subjects is needed to confirm the findings presented herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonju Woo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University Graduate School, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min Kyung Hyun
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, South Korea
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35
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Zuo H, Zhang Q, Su S, Chen Q, Yang F, Hu Y. A network pharmacology-based approach to analyse potential targets of traditional herbal formulas: An example of Yu Ping Feng decoction. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11418. [PMID: 30061691 PMCID: PMC6065326 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29764-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Herbal formulas from traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) have been extensively used in clinics as effective therapies, but it is still a great challenge to demonstrate the scientific basis for their therapeutic effects at the level of molecular biology. By taking a classic herbal formula (Yu Ping Feng decoction, YPF) as an example, this study developed a novel network pharmacology based method to identify its potential therapeutic targets. First, this study constructed a “targets–(pathways)–targets” (TPT) network in which targets of YPF were connected by relevant pathways; then, this network was decomposed into separate modules with strong internal connections; lastly, the propensity of each module toward different diseases was assessed by a contribution score. On the basis of a significant association between network modules and therapeutic diseases validated by chi-square test (p-value < 0.001), this study identified the network module with the strongest propensity toward therapeutic diseases of YPF. Further, the targets with the highest centrality in this module are recommended as YPF’s potential therapeutic targets. By integrating the complicated “multi-targets–multi-pathways–multi-diseases” relationship of herbal formulas, the method shows promise for identifying its potential therapeutic targets, which could contribute to the modern scientific illustration of TCMs’ traditional clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huali Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Qianru Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China.,School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Shibing Su
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Complexity System, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qilong Chen
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Complexity System, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengqing Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Yuanjia Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China.
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36
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Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) typically causes gastrointestinal infections in immunocompetent patients. Colonic perforations secondary to CMV are exceeding rare. We describe a 88-year-old male presenting with a week-long history of intractable abdominal discomfort, bloating, nausea and diarrhea. Flexible sigmoidoscopy revealed significant ulceration with yellowish slough. Emergency surgery was performed subsequently in view of multiple perforations in the rectosigmoid junction. CMV gastrointestinal infections demonstrated an ischemic process secondary to vasculitis, which accelerated the pathway to colonic perforation. CMV gastrointestinal infection should be considered as a differential diagnosis in patients with colonoscopy findings similar to ischemic colitis and Clostridium difficile infections.
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37
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Patel SS, Udayabanu M. Effect of natural products on diabetes associated neurological disorders. Rev Neurosci 2018; 28:271-293. [PMID: 28030360 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2016-0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus, a metabolic disorder, is associated with neurological complications such as depression, anxiety, hypolocomotion, cognitive dysfunction, phobias, anorexia, stroke, pain, etc. Traditional system of medicine is long known for its efficient management of diabetes. The current review discusses the scope of some common medicinal herbs as well as secondary metabolites with a special focus on diabetes-mediated central nervous system complications. Literatures suggest that natural products reduce diabetes-mediated neurological complications partly by reducing oxidative stress and/or inflammation or apoptosis in certain brain regions. Natural products are known to modulate diabetes-mediated alterations in the level of acetylcholinesterase, choline acetyltransferase, monoamine oxidase, serotonin receptors, muscarinic receptors, insulin receptor, nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and neuropeptide in brain. Further, there are several natural products reported to manage diabetic complications with unknown mechanism. In conclusion, medicinal plants or their secondary metabolites have a wide scope and possess therapeutic potential to effectively manage neurological complications associated with chronic diabetes.
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38
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Analysis of immunostimulatory activity of polysaccharide extracted from Yu-Ping-Feng in vitro and in vivo. Biomed Pharmacother 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.05.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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39
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Nikles S, Monschein M, Zou H, Liu Y, He X, Fan D, Lu A, Yu K, Isaac G, Bauer R. Metabolic profiling of the traditional Chinese medicine formulation Yu Ping Feng San for the identification of constituents relevant for effects on expression of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β and IL-4 in U937 cells. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 145:219-229. [PMID: 28667937 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Yu Ping Feng San (YPFS) is a classical TCM formulation which has been traditionally used for treatment of immune system related diseases such as chronic bronchitis, allergic rhinitis and asthma. The formula is a mixture of Radix Saposhnikoviae (Fangfeng), Radix Astragali (Huangqi), and Rhizoma Atractylodis macrocephalae (Baizhu). TLC- and LC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS methods have been developed for the analysis of the metabolic profiles of the single herbs and of the formula. Decoctions and ASE extracts were analyzed in order to trace components of the individual herbs in YPFS. Nine constituents of Radix Saposhnikoviae, ten constituents of Radix Astragali and five constituents of Rhizoma Atractylodis macrocephalae have been assigned in the chemical profiles of the formula, which now allow the standardisation of YPFS. The pharmacological testing showed that all extracts significantly inhibited expression of TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-1β in U937 cells, while the inhibition of IL-4 was consistently low. Compared to conventional analyses which are focused on a limited set of compounds, metabolomics approaches, together with novel data processing tools, enable a more holistic comparison of the herbal extracts. In order to identify the constituents which are relevant for the immunomodulatory effects of the formula, metabolomics studies (PCA, OPLS-DA) have been performed using UPLC/QTOF MS data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Nikles
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4/I, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Marlene Monschein
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4/I, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Huiqin Zou
- School of Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojuan He
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Danping Fan
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, Dongzhimennei Nanxiaojie 16, 100700 Beijing, China
| | - Aiping Lu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, Dongzhimennei Nanxiaojie 16, 100700 Beijing, China
| | - Kate Yu
- Waters Corporation, 5 Technology Drive, 01757 Milford, USA
| | - Giorgis Isaac
- Waters Corporation, 5 Technology Drive, 01757 Milford, USA
| | - Rudolf Bauer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4/I, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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Fan W, Zhang S, Hao P, Zheng P, Liu J, Zhao X. Structure characterization of three polysaccharides and a comparative study of their immunomodulatory activities on chicken macrophage. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 153:631-640. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.07.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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NK Cell-Dependent Growth Inhibition of Lewis Lung Cancer by Yu-Ping-Feng, an Ancient Chinese Herbal Formula. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:3541283. [PMID: 27034590 PMCID: PMC4789500 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3541283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about Yu-Ping-Feng (YPF), a typical Chinese herbal decoction, for its antitumor efficacy in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here, we found that YPF significantly inhibited the growth of Lewis lung cancer, prolonged the survival of tumor-bearing mice, promoted NK cell tumor infiltration, increased the population of NK cells in spleen, and enhanced NK cell-mediated killing activity. The growth suppression of tumors by YPF was significantly reversed by the depletion of NK cells. Furthermore, we found that YPF significantly downregulated the expression of TGF-β, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, and IL-10 in tumor microenvironment. These results demonstrated that YPF has a NK cell-dependent inhibitory effect on Lewis lung cancer.
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Liu Q, Zhou YH, Yang ZQ. The cytokine storm of severe influenza and development of immunomodulatory therapy. Cell Mol Immunol 2016; 13:3-10. [PMID: 26189369 PMCID: PMC4711683 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2015.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 481] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2015] [Revised: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe influenza remains unusual in its virulence for humans. Complications or ultimately death arising from these infections are often associated with hyperinduction of proinflammatory cytokine production, which is also known as 'cytokine storm'. For this disease, it has been proposed that immunomodulatory therapy may improve the outcome, with or without the combination of antiviral agents. Here, we review the current literature on how various effectors of the immune system initiate the cytokine storm and exacerbate pathological damage in hosts. We also review some of the current immunomodulatory strategies for the treatment of cytokine storms in severe influenza, including corticosteroids, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonists, sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 agonists, cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors, antioxidants, anti-tumour-necrosis factor therapy, intravenous immunoglobulin therapy, statins, arbidol, herbs, and other potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Liu
- The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University/Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang 443000, China
| | - Yuan-hong Zhou
- The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University/Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang 443000, China
| | - Zhan-qiu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology/Institute of Medical Virology, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
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Chang CM, Chu HT, Wei YH, Chen FP, Wang S, Wu PC, Yen HR, Chen TJ, Chang HH. The Core Pattern Analysis on Chinese Herbal Medicine for Sjögren's syndrome: A Nationwide Population-Based Study. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9541. [PMID: 25923413 PMCID: PMC5386216 DOI: 10.1038/srep09541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This large-scale survey aimed to evaluate frequencies and patterns of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) used for Sjögren's syndrome (SS) in Taiwan by analyzing the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) for cases in which CHM was used as an alternative therapy to Western medicine for improving patients' discomforts. We analyzed cases of SS principal diagnosis (ICD-9:710.2) with a catastrophic illness certificate (CIC) in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) outpatient clinics from three cohorts of the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database (LHID) in the NHIRD between 2002 and 2011. CHM prescription patterns for SS were evaluated from claimed visitation files and corresponding prescription files. There were 15,914 SS patients with CIC (SS/CIC), and we found only 130 SS/CIC cases visiting TCM clinics in LHID2000, 133 in LHID2005, and 126 in LHID2010. After removing duplicate data, 366 SS/CIC and 4,867 visits were analyzed. The 50–59 year age group showed the highest ratio (29.51%) in both women and men. “Qi-Ju-Di-Huang-Wan” and “Xuan-Shen” (Scrophularia ningpoensis Hemsl.) was the most commonly used formula and single herb, respectively. “Qi-Ju-Di-Huang-Wan, Gan-Lu-Yin, Xuan-Shen, Mai-Men-Dong (Ophiopogon japonicus (L. f.) Ker-Gawl.), and Sheng-Di-Huang (raw Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch)” were the core pattern prescriptions in treating SS/CIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Mao Chang
- 1] Center for Traditional Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan [2] Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, and Graduate Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Ting Chu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yau-Huei Wei
- 1] Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan [2] Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Pey Chen
- Center for Traditional Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shengwen Wang
- Cloud Computing and System Integration Division, National Center for High-Performance Computing, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chang Wu
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology and Department of Education, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Rong Yen
- Research Center for Chinese Medicine and Acupuncture, and School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tzeng-Ji Chen
- 1] Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan [2] Institute of Hospital and Health Care Administration, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hen-Hong Chang
- Research Center for Chinese Medicine and Acupuncture, and School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Du CYQ, Zheng KYZ, Bi CW, Dong TTX, Lin H, Tsim KWK. Yu Ping Feng San, an Ancient Chinese Herbal Decoction, Induces Gene Expression of Anti-viral Proteins and Inhibits Neuraminidase Activity. Phytother Res 2015; 29:656-61. [PMID: 25586308 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Yu Ping Feng San (YPFS), a Chinese herbal decoction comprised of Astragali Radix (Huangqi), Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (Baizhu) and Saposhnikoviae Radix (Fangfeng), has been used clinically for colds and flus; however, the action mechanism of which is not known. Previously, we had demonstrated that YPFS could modulate inflammatory response and phagocytosis in exerting anti-viral and anti-bacterial effects. Here, we further evaluated the bioactivities of YPFS in gene expression regulated by interferon (IFN) signaling and neuraminidase activity of influenza virus A. Application of YPFS onto cultured murine macrophages, the expressions of mRNAs encoding ribonuclease L (RNaseL), myxovirus (influenza virus) resistance 2 (Mx2), protein kinase R (PKR) and IFN-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) were induced from 2 to 30 folds in dose-dependent manners. In parallel, the transcriptional activity of IFN-stimulated response element (ISRE), an up stream regulator of the above anti-viral proteins, was also triggered by YPFS treatment. Conversely, YPFS was found to suppress the neuraminidase activity of influenza virus A in cultured epithelial cells, thereby preventing the viral release and spreading. Taken together, YPFS exerted anti-bacterial and anti-viral effects in innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal Y Q Du
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay Road, Hong Kong, SAR, China; Department of Biology, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, Guangdong, 521041, China
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Liang W, Yew DT, Hon KL, Wong CK, Kwok TCY, Leung PC. Indispensable value of clinical trials in the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine: 12 years' experience at CUHK and future perspectives. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2014; 42:587-604. [PMID: 24871653 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x14500384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The last decade has seen a wealth of information reporting the beneficial effects of Chinese herbal medicines. While a lot more studies were done using in vitro and in vivo research platforms, much fewer investigations were conducted according to evidence-based requirements in clinical settings. The Institute of Chinese Medicine at the Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK) has had the opportunity to collaborate with clinicians over the years to initiate and conduct dozens of clinical trials investigating and verifying the therapeutic values of Chinese herbs in selected disease conditions. Of the many disorders, we chose to focus on those that are known for their difficulties achieving perfect results with conventional treatment methods. Examples include non-healing ulcers, allergic conditions, degenerative diseases and cancer. Protective effects of the herbs in such chronic diseases as coronary artery disease and osteoporosis were also part of our focus. Even in healthy individuals and those recovering from chemotherapy, Chinese herbs could help with the immune system and were studied in our clinical trials as well. This paper aims to highlight the important findings from these clinical studies while at the same time, stressing the indispensable value of clinical trials in modernizing the use of Chinese herbs in present-day medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willmann Liang
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
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He J, Hou XY. The potential contributions of traditional Chinese medicine to emergency medicine. World J Emerg Med 2014; 4:92-7. [PMID: 25215100 PMCID: PMC4129829 DOI: 10.5847/wjem.j.issn.1920-8642.2013.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Despite the fact that traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been developed and used to treat acute and urgent illness for many thousands of years. TCM has been widely perceived in western societies that TCM may only be effective to treat chronic diseases. The aim of this article is to provide some scientific evidence regarding the application of TCM in emergency medicine and its future potential. METHODS: Multiple databases (PubMed, ProQuest, Academic Search Elite and Science Direct) were searched using the terms: Traditional Chinese Medicine/ Chinese Medicine, Emergency Medicine, China. In addition, three leading TCM Journals in China were searched via Oriprobe Information Services for relevant articles (published from 1990—2012). Particular attention was paid to those articles that are related to TCM treatments or combined medicine in dealing with intensive and critical care. RESULTS: TCM is a systematic traditional macro medicine. The clinical practice of TCM is guided by the TCM theoretical framework – a methodology founded thousands of years ago. As the methodologies between TCM and Biomedicine are significantly different, it provides an opportunity to combine two medicines, in order to achieve clinical efficacy. Nowadays, combined medicine has become a common clinical model particular in TCM hospitals in China. CONCLUSIONS: It is evident that TCM can provide some assistance in emergency although to combine them in practice is still its infant form and is mainly at TCM hospitals in China. The future effort could be put into TCM research, both in laboratories and clinics, with high quality designs, so that TCM could be better understood and then applied in emergency medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun He
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Xiang-Yu Hou
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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Du CYQ, Choi RCY, Dong TTX, Lau DTW, Tsim KWK. Yu Ping Feng San, an ancient Chinese herbal decoction, regulates the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 and the activity of intestinal alkaline phosphatase in cultures. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100382. [PMID: 24967898 PMCID: PMC4072625 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Yu Ping Feng San (YPFS), a Chinese herbal decoction comprising Astragali Radix (AR; Huangqi), Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (AMR; Baizhu), and Saposhnikoviae Radix (SR; Fangfeng), has been used clinically to treat inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Previously, we demonstrated a dual role of YPFS in regulating cytokine release in cultured macrophages. In this study, we elucidated the anti-inflammatory effect of YPFS that is mediated through modulating the expression of three key enzymes involved in IBD: inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IALP). In a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced chronic-inflammation model of cultured murine macrophages, YPFS treatment suppressed the activation of iNOS and COX-2 expression in a dose-dependent manner. Conversely, application of YPFS in cultured small intestinal enterocytes markedly induced the expression of IALP in a time-dependent manner, which might strengthen the intestinal detoxification system. A duality of YPFS in modulating the expression of iNOS and COX-2 was determined here. The expression of iNOS and COX-2 in macrophages was induced by YPFS, and this activation was partially blocked by the NF-κB-specific inhibitor BAY 11-7082, indicating a role of NF-κB signaling. These YPFS-induced changes in gene regulation strongly suggest that the anti-inflammatory effects of YPFS are mediated through the regulation of inflammatory enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal Y. Q. Du
- Division of Life Science and Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Roy C. Y. Choi
- Division of Life Science and Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tina T. X. Dong
- Division of Life Science and Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - David T. W. Lau
- Division of Life Science and Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Karl W. K. Tsim
- Division of Life Science and Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
- * E-mail:
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Zhang SJ, Chen Z, Li GW, Wang BL. Effect of the Haoqinqingdan decoction on damp-heat syndrome in rats with influenza viral pneumonia. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2014; 6:653-7. [PMID: 23790339 PMCID: PMC7128502 DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(13)60113-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Revised: 06/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effect of Chinese medicine prescription-Haoqinqingdan decoction on damp-heat syndrome in rats with influenza viral pneumonia and its influence on the immune function. Methods A total of 48 Wistar rats were randomly divided into the normal control group, the damp-heat syndrome model group, the Haoqinqingdan decoction group (high, medium and low dose group) and the ribavirin group. The body temperature and weight of rats in each group were recorded after modeling. After treatment for 6 d, the concentration of T lymphocyte subgroup (CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+) was determined by flow cytometry. The OD value of IFN-γ/IL-4 was detected by double-antibody sandwich ELISA method, and its concentration was acquired through conversion. Results After modeling, the temperature and weight of rats in each modeling group showed the increasing trend (P<0.01). From the second day of treatment, there was significant difference in the body mass between groups, and the rat weight of the control group was higher than in the modeling group (P<0.05 or 0.01). With the advances of treatment, only the temperature in the medium and high dose Haoqinqingdan decoction groups declined significantly (P<0.05). After treatment, the CD4+/CD8+ ratio of the damp-heat syndrome model group decreased more significantly compared with the control group. Elevated CD3+ CD8+ percentages and declined CD4+/CD8+ ratios can be observed in the low dose group and ribavirin group (P<0.05). Moreover, the CD3+ CD4+ percentage of ribavirin group was lower than in the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the IFN-γ and IFN-γ/ IL-4 levels in the peripheral blood of rats in the damp-heat syndrome group were obviously higher than in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusions Compared with ribavirin, the high dose Haoqinqingdan decoction can improve the ratio of T lymphocyte subgroup and Th1/Th2 cell balance more effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Jin Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou 450012, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Pharmacy Department, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Guo-Wen Li
- Department of Radiotherapy, Tangdu Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Bo-Liang Wang
- Out-patient Department, Tangdu Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 7l0038, China
- Corresponding authors: Bo-Liang Wang, Out-patient Department, Tangdu Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 7l0038, China
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Jianling J, Zhao H, Hui Z, Yan Z, Yupin C, Peiji G. Evaluation of the mutagenicity of a traditional Chinese medicine Radix isatidis root by modified Ames tests, SOS/umu and SOS/rec tests. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tx50041a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Du CYQ, Choi RCY, Zheng KYZ, Dong TTX, Lau DTW, Tsim KWK. Yu Ping Feng San, an ancient Chinese herbal decoction containing Astragali Radix, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma and Saposhnikoviae Radix, regulates the release of cytokines in murine macrophages. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78622. [PMID: 24244327 PMCID: PMC3823765 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Yu Ping Feng San (YPFS), a Chinese herbal decoction, is composed of Astragali Radix (AR; Huangqi), Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (AMR; Baizhu) and Saposhnikoviae Radix (SR; Fangfeng) in a weight ratio of 1∶2∶1. Clinically, YPFS has been widely used to regulate immune functions; however, the action mechanism of it is not known. Here, we addressed this issue by providing detail analyses of chemical and biological properties of YPFS. By using rapid resolution liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, fifteen chemicals deriving from different herbs of YPFS were determined, and which served as a control for the standardization of the herbal extract of YPFS. In general, the amounts of chosen chemical markers were higher in a preparation of YPFS as compared to that of single herb or two-herb compositions. In order to reveal the immune functions of YPFS, the standardized extract was applied onto cultured murine macrophages. The treatment of YPFS stimulated the mRNA and protein expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines via activation of NF-κB by enhancing IκBα degradation. In contrast, the application of YPFS suppressed the expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines significantly in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced chronic inflammation model. In addition, YPFS could up regulate the phagocytic activity in cultured macrophages. These results therefore supported the bi-directional immune-modulatory roles of YPFS in regulating the releases of cytokines from macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal Y. Q. Du
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Biology, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Roy C. Y. Choi
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ken Y. Z. Zheng
- Department of Biology, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tina T. X. Dong
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - David T. W. Lau
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Karl W. K. Tsim
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
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