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Arul SS, Balakrishnan B, Handanahal SS, Venkataraman S. Viral nanoparticles: Current advances in design and development. Biochimie 2024; 219:33-50. [PMID: 37573018 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Viral nanoparticles (VNPs) are self-assembling, adaptable delivery systems for vaccines and other therapeutic agents used in a variety of biomedical applications. The potential of viruses to invade and infect various hosts and cells renders them suitable as potential nanocarriers, possessing distinct functional characteristics, immunogenic properties, and improved biocompatibility and biodegradability. VNPs are frequently produced through precise genetic or chemical engineering, which involves adding diverse sequences or functional payloads to the capsid protein (CP). Several spherical and helical plant viruses, bacteriophages, and animal viruses are currently being used as VNPs, or non-infectious virus-like particles (VLPs). In addition to their broad use in cancer therapy, vaccine technology, diagnostics, and molecular imaging, VNPs have made important strides in the realms of tissue engineering, biosensing, and antimicrobial prophylaxis. They are also being used in energy storage cells due to their binding and piezoelectric properties. The large-scale production of VNPs for research, preclinical testing, and clinical use is fraught with difficulties, such as those relating to cost-effectiveness, scalability, and purity. Consequently, many plants- and microorganism-based platforms are being developed, and newer viruses are being explored. The goal of the current review is to provide an overview of these advances.
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2
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Tatarūnas V, Čiapienė I, Giedraitienė A. Precise Therapy Using the Selective Endogenous Encapsidation for Cellular Delivery Vector System. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:292. [PMID: 38399346 PMCID: PMC10893373 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16020292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Interindividual variability in drug response is a major problem in the prescription of pharmacological treatments. The therapeutic effect of drugs can be influenced by human genes. Pharmacogenomic guidelines for individualization of treatment have been validated and used for conventional dosage forms. However, drugs can often target non-specific areas and produce both desired and undesired pharmacological effects. The use of nanoparticles, liposomes, or other available forms for drug formulation could help to overcome the latter problem. Virus-like particles based on retroviruses could be a potential envelope for safe and efficient drug formulations. Human endogenous retroviruses would make it possible to overcome the host immune response and deliver drugs to the desired target. PEG10 is a promising candidate that can bind to mRNA because it is secreted like an enveloped virus-like extracellular vesicle. PEG10 is a retrotransposon-derived gene that has been domesticated. Therefore, formulations with PEG10 may have a lower immunogenicity. The use of existing knowledge can lead to the development of suitable drug formulations for the precise treatment of individual diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vacis Tatarūnas
- Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu 15, LT 50103 Kaunas, Lithuania; (V.T.); (I.Č.)
| | - Ieva Čiapienė
- Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu 15, LT 50103 Kaunas, Lithuania; (V.T.); (I.Č.)
| | - Agnė Giedraitienė
- Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu 4, LT 50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
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3
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Sator C, Lico C, Pannucci E, Marchetti L, Baschieri S, Warzecha H, Santi L. Plant-Produced Viral Nanoparticles as a Functionalized Catalytic Support for Metabolic Engineering. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:503. [PMID: 38498408 PMCID: PMC10893517 DOI: 10.3390/plants13040503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Substrate channeling could be very useful for plant metabolic engineering; hence, we propose that functionalized supramolecular self-assembly scaffolds can act as enzymatic hubs able to perform reactions in close contiguity. Virus nanoparticles (VNPs) offer an opportunity in this context, and we present a functionalization strategy to display different enzymes on the outer surface of three different VNPs produced in plants. Tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV) and Potato virus X (PVX) plant viruses were functionalized by the genetic fusion of the E-coil peptide coding sequence to their respective coat proteins genes, while the enzyme lichenase was tagged with the K-coil peptide. Immobilized E-coil VNPs were able to interact in vitro with the plant-produced functionalized lichenase, and catalysis was demonstrated by employing a lichenase assay. To prove this concept in planta, the Hepatitis B core (HBc) virus-like particles (VLPs) were similarly functionalized by genetic fusion with the E-coil sequence, while acyl-activating enzyme 1, olivetolic acid synthase, and olivetolic acid cyclase enzymes were tagged with the K-coil. The transient co-expression of the K-coil-enzymes together with E-coil-VLPs allowed the establishment of the heterologous cannabinoid precursor biosynthetic pathway. Noteworthy, a significantly higher yield of olivetolic acid glucoside was achieved when the scaffold E-coil-VLPs were employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Sator
- Plant Biotechnology and Metabolic Engineering, Technical University of Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstrasse 4, 65287 Darmstadt, Germany
- Centre for Synthetic Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstrasse 4, 65287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Chiara Lico
- Laboratory of Biotechnologies, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, ENEA, Casaccia Research Center, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Rome, Italy; (C.L.); (S.B.)
| | - Elisa Pannucci
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo De Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (E.P.); (L.M.); (L.S.)
| | - Luca Marchetti
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo De Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (E.P.); (L.M.); (L.S.)
- Laboratory of Biomedical Technologies, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, ENEA Casaccia Research Center, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - Selene Baschieri
- Laboratory of Biotechnologies, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, ENEA, Casaccia Research Center, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Rome, Italy; (C.L.); (S.B.)
| | - Heribert Warzecha
- Plant Biotechnology and Metabolic Engineering, Technical University of Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstrasse 4, 65287 Darmstadt, Germany
- Centre for Synthetic Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstrasse 4, 65287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Luca Santi
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo De Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (E.P.); (L.M.); (L.S.)
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4
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Rathore C, Yadav VK, Gacem A, AbdelRahim SK, Verma RK, Chundawat RS, Gnanamoorthy G, Yadav KK, Choudhary N, Sahoo DK, Patel A. Microbial synthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles and their importance in wastewater treatment and antimicrobial activities: a review. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1270245. [PMID: 37908543 PMCID: PMC10613736 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1270245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology (NT) and nanoparticles (NPs) have left a huge impact on every field of science today, but they have shown tremendous importance in the fields of cosmetics and environmental cleanup. NPs with photocatalytic effects have shown positive responses in wastewater treatment, cosmetics, and the biomedical field. The chemically synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) utilize hazardous chemicals to obtain the desired-shaped TiO2. So, microbial-based synthesis of TiO2 NPs has gained popularity due to its eco-friendly nature, biocompatibility, etc. Being NPs, TiO2 NPs have a high surface area-to-volume ratio in addition to their photocatalytic degradation nature. In the present review, the authors have emphasized the microbial (algae, bacterial, fungi, and virus-mediated) synthesis of TiO2 NPs. Furthermore, authors have exhibited the importance of TiO2 NPs in the food sector, automobile, aerospace, medical, and environmental cleanup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandani Rathore
- Department of Biosciences, School of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Mody University of Science and Technology, Laxmangarh, Rajasthan, India
| | - Virendra Kumar Yadav
- Department of Life Sciences, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan, Gujarat, India
| | - Amel Gacem
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University 20 Août 1955, Skikda, Algeria
| | - Siham K. AbdelRahim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rakesh Kumar Verma
- Department of Biosciences, School of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Mody University of Science and Technology, Laxmangarh, Rajasthan, India
| | - Rajendra Singh Chundawat
- Department of Biosciences, School of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Mody University of Science and Technology, Laxmangarh, Rajasthan, India
| | - G. Gnanamoorthy
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Krishna Kumar Yadav
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Madhyanchal Professional University, Ratibad, Bhopal, India
- Environmental and Atmospheric Sciences Research Group, Scientific Research Center, Al-Ayen University, Nasiriyah, Iraq
| | - Nisha Choudhary
- Department of Life Sciences, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan, Gujarat, India
| | - Dipak Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Ashish Patel
- Department of Life Sciences, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan, Gujarat, India
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5
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Mellid-Carballal R, Gutierrez-Gutierrez S, Rivas C, Garcia-Fuentes M. Viral protein-based nanoparticles (part 2): Pharmaceutical applications. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 189:106558. [PMID: 37567394 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Viral protein nanoparticles (ViP NPs) such as virus-like particles and virosomes are structures halfway between viruses and synthetic nanoparticles. The biological nature of ViP NPs endows them with the biocompatibility, biodegradability, and functional properties that many synthetic nanoparticles lack. At the same time, the absence of a viral genome avoids the safety concerns of viruses. Such characteristics of ViP NPs offer a myriad of opportunities for theirapplication at several points across disease development: from prophylaxis to diagnosis and treatment. ViP NPs present remarkable immunostimulant properties, and thus the vaccination field has benefited the most from these platforms capable of overcoming the limitations of both traditional and subunit vaccines. This was reflected in the marketing authorization of several VLP- and virosome-based vaccines. Besides, ViP NPs inherit the ability of viruses to deliver their cargo to target cells. Because of that, ViP NPs are promising candidates as vectors for drug and gene delivery, and for diagnostic applications. In this review, we analyze the pharmaceutical applications of ViP NPs, describing the products that are commercially available or under clinical evaluation, but also the advances that scientists are making toward the implementation of ViP NPs in other areas of major pharmaceutical interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio Mellid-Carballal
- CiMUS Research Center, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Sara Gutierrez-Gutierrez
- CiMUS Research Center, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carmen Rivas
- CiMUS Research Center, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Departamento de Biología Molecular y Celular, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB)-CSIC, Spain
| | - Marcos Garcia-Fuentes
- CiMUS Research Center, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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6
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Žmudová Z, Šanderová Z, Liegertová M, Vinopal S, Herma R, Sušický L, Müllerová M, Strašák T, Malý J. Biodistribution and toxicity assessment of methoxyphenyl phosphonium carbosilane dendrimers in 2D and 3D cell cultures of human cancer cells and zebrafish embryos. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15477. [PMID: 37726330 PMCID: PMC10509138 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42850-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The consideration of human and environmental exposure to dendrimers, including cytotoxicity, acute toxicity, and cell and tissue accumulation, is essential due to their significant potential for various biomedical applications. This study aimed to evaluate the biodistribution and toxicity of a novel methoxyphenyl phosphonium carbosilane dendrimer, a potential mitochondria-targeting vector for cancer therapeutics, in 2D and 3D cancer cell cultures and zebrafish embryos. We assessed its cytotoxicity (via MTT, ATP, and Spheroid growth inhibition assays) and cellular biodistribution. The dendrimer cytotoxicity was higher in cancer cells, likely due to its specific targeting to the mitochondrial compartment. In vivo studies using zebrafish demonstrated dendrimer distribution within the vascular and gastrointestinal systems, indicating a biodistribution profile that may be beneficial for systemic therapeutic delivery strategies. The methoxyphenyl phosphonium carbosilane dendrimer shows promise for applications in cancer cell delivery, but additional studies are required to confirm these findings using alternative labelling methods and more physiologically relevant models. Our results contribute to the growing body of evidence supporting the potential of carbosilane dendrimers as vectors for cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Žmudová
- CENAB, Faculty of Science, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí Nad Labem, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Šanderová
- CENAB, Faculty of Science, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí Nad Labem, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Liegertová
- CENAB, Faculty of Science, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí Nad Labem, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic.
| | - Stanislav Vinopal
- CENAB, Faculty of Science, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí Nad Labem, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Regina Herma
- CENAB, Faculty of Science, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí Nad Labem, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Luděk Sušický
- CENAB, Faculty of Science, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí Nad Labem, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Müllerová
- CENAB, Faculty of Science, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí Nad Labem, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Strašák
- CENAB, Faculty of Science, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí Nad Labem, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Malý
- CENAB, Faculty of Science, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí Nad Labem, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
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7
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Ma Y, Wu Z, Steinmetz NF. In Vitro and Ex Planta Gold-Bonded and Gold-Mineralized Tobacco Mosaic Virus. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:11238-11244. [PMID: 37540623 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Biotemplated mineralization is a promising and ecofriendly approach to manufacture metal nanoparticles and composites with precise size control. Plant viruses are suitable templates for biomineralization because they are chemically robust and highly scalable through molecular farming. Here, we report a gold-nanoparticle-coated tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) synthesized in a test tube or in plant extracts making use of a TMV displaying a gold-binding peptide (GBP). The methods developed are a step toward engineered living materials, where gold nanowires could be formed in plant tissues for sensing or energy harvest applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Ma
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92039, United States
| | - Zhuohong Wu
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92039, United States
| | - Nicole F Steinmetz
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92039, United States
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8
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Mellid-Carballal R, Gutierrez-Gutierrez S, Rivas C, Garcia-Fuentes M. Viral protein nanoparticles (Part 1): Pharmaceutical characteristics. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 187:106460. [PMID: 37156338 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Viral protein nanoparticles fill the gap between viruses and synthetic nanoparticles. Combining advantageous properties of both systems, they have revolutionized pharmaceutical research. Virus-like particles are characterized by a structure identical to viruses but lacking genetic material. Another type of viral protein nanoparticles, virosomes, are similar to liposomes but include viral spike proteins. Both systems are effective and safe vaccine candidates capable of overcoming the disadvantages of both traditional and subunit vaccines. Besides, their particulate structure, biocompatibility, and biodegradability make them good candidates as vectors for drug and gene delivery, and for diagnostic applications. In this review, we analyze viral protein nanoparticles from a pharmaceutical perspective and examine current research focused on their development process, from production to administration. Advances in synthesis, modification and formulation of viral protein nanoparticles are critical so that large-scale production of viral protein nanoparticle products becomes viable and affordable, which ultimately will increase their market penetration in the future. We will discuss their expression systems, modification strategies, formulation, biopharmaceutical properties, and biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio Mellid-Carballal
- CiMUS Research Center, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Sara Gutierrez-Gutierrez
- CiMUS Research Center, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carmen Rivas
- CiMUS Research Center, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Departamento de Biología Molecular y Celular, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB)-CSIC, Spain
| | - Marcos Garcia-Fuentes
- CiMUS Research Center, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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9
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Wang J, Ni R, Jiang T, Peng D, Ming Y, Cui H, Liu Y. The applications of functional materials-based nano-formulations in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of chronic inflammation-related diseases. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1222642. [PMID: 37593176 PMCID: PMC10427346 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1222642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation, in general, refers to systemic immune abnormalities most often caused by the environment or lifestyle, which is the basis for various skin diseases, autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular diseases, liver diseases, digestive diseases, cancer, and so on. Therapeutic strategies have focused on immunosuppression and anti-inflammation, but conventional approaches have been poor in enhancing the substantive therapeutic effect of drugs. Nanomaterials continue to attract attention for their high flexibility, durability and simplicity of preparation, as well as high profitability. Nanotechnology is used in various areas of clinical medicine, such as medical diagnosis, monitoring and treatment. However, some related problems cannot be ignored, including various cytotoxic and worsening inflammation caused by the nanomaterials themselves. This paper provides an overview of functional nanomaterial formulations for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of chronic inflammation-related diseases, with the intention of providing some reference for the enhancement and optimization of existing therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wang
- Department of pharmacy, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rui Ni
- Department of pharmacy, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingting Jiang
- Department of pharmacy, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dan Peng
- Department of pharmacy, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Ming
- Department of pharmacy, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongjuan Cui
- Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of pharmacy, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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10
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Liu C, Yu Y, Fang L, Wang J, Sun C, Li H, Zhuang J, Sun C. Plant-derived nanoparticles and plant virus nanoparticles: Bioactivity, health management, and delivery potential. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-17. [PMID: 37128778 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2204375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Natural plants have acquired an increasing attention in biomedical research. Recent studies have revealed that plant-derived nanoparticles (PDNPs), which are nano-sized membrane vesicles released by plants, are one of the important material bases for the health promotion of natural plants. A great deal of research in this field has focused on nanoparticles derived from fresh vegetables and fruits. Generally, PDNPs contain lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and other active small molecules and exhibit unique biological regulatory activity and editability. Specifically, they have emerged as important mediators of intercellular communication, and thus, are potentially suitable for therapeutic purposes. In this review, PDNPs were extensively explored; by evaluating them systematically starting from the origin and isolation, toward their characteristics, including morphological compositions, biological functions, and delivery potentials, as well as distinguishing them from plant-derived exosomes and highlighting the limitations of the current research. Meanwhile, we elucidated the variations in PDNPs infected by pathogenic microorganisms and emphasized on the biological functions and characteristics of plant virus nanoparticles. After clarifying these problems, it is beneficial to further research on PDNPs in the future and develop their clinical application value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cun Liu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yang Yu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Liguang Fang
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Chunjie Sun
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Huayao Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Jing Zhuang
- Department of Oncology, Weifang Traditional Chinese Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Changgang Sun
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Department of Oncology, Weifang Traditional Chinese Hospital, Weifang, China
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11
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Marchetti L, Simon-Gracia L, Lico C, Mancuso M, Baschieri S, Santi L, Teesalu T. Targeting of Tomato Bushy Stunt Virus with a Genetically Fused C-End Rule Peptide. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1428. [PMID: 37111013 PMCID: PMC10143547 DOI: 10.3390/nano13081428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Homing peptides are widely used to improve the delivery of drugs, imaging agents, and nanoparticles (NPs) to their target sites. Plant virus-based particles represent an emerging class of structurally diverse nanocarriers that are biocompatible, biodegradable, safe, and cost-effective. Similar to synthetic NPs, these particles can be loaded with imaging agents and/or drugs and functionalized with affinity ligands for targeted delivery. Here we report the development of a peptide-guided Tomato Bushy Stunt Virus (TBSV)-based nanocarrier platform for affinity targeting with the C-terminal C-end rule (CendR) peptide, RPARPAR (RPAR). Flow cytometry and confocal microscopy demonstrated that the TBSV-RPAR NPs bind specifically to and internalize in cells positive for the peptide receptor neuropilin-1 (NRP-1). TBSV-RPAR particles loaded with a widely used anticancer anthracycline, doxorubicin, showed selective cytotoxicity on NRP-1-expressing cells. Following systemic administration in mice, RPAR functionalization conferred TBSV particles the ability to accumulate in the lung tissue. Collectively, these studies show the feasibility of the CendR-targeted TBSV platform for the precision delivery of payloads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Marchetti
- Laboratory of Biomedical Technologies, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, ENEA, Casaccia Research Center, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Rome, Italy
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo De Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Lorena Simon-Gracia
- Laboratory of Precision and Nanomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 14b, 50090 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Chiara Lico
- Laboratory of Biotechnologies, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, ENEA, Casaccia Research Center, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Mancuso
- Laboratory of Biomedical Technologies, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, ENEA, Casaccia Research Center, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - Selene Baschieri
- Laboratory of Biotechnologies, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, ENEA, Casaccia Research Center, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Santi
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo De Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Tambet Teesalu
- Laboratory of Precision and Nanomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 14b, 50090 Tartu, Estonia
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
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12
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Boivin L, Harvey PD. Virus Management Using Metal-Organic Framework-Based Technologies. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 36892577 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c00922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The eradication and isolation of viruses are two concurrent approaches to protect ourselves from viral infections and diseases. The quite versatile porous materials called metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), have recently emerged as efficient nanosized tools to manage viruses, and several strategies to accomplish these tasks have been developed. This review describes these strategies employing nanoscale MOFs against SARS-CoV-2, HIV-1, tobacco mosaic virus, etc., which include the sequestration by host-guest penetration inside pores, mineralization, design of a physical barrier, controlled delivery of organic and inorganic antiviral drugs or bioinhibitors, photosensitization of singlet oxygen, and direct contact with inherently cytotoxic MOFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léo Boivin
- Département de Chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Pierre D Harvey
- Département de Chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada
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13
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González-Davis O, Villagrana-Escareño MV, Trujillo MA, Gama P, Chauhan K, Vazquez-Duhalt R. Virus-like nanoparticles as enzyme carriers for Enzyme Replacement Therapy (ERT). Virology 2023; 580:73-87. [PMID: 36791560 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2023.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) has been used to treat a few of the many existing diseases which are originated from the lack of, or low enzymatic activity. Exogenous enzymes are administered to contend with the enzymatic activity deficiency. Enzymatic nanoreactors based on the enzyme encapsulation inside of virus-like particles (VLPs) appear as an interesting alternative for ERT. VLPs are excellent delivery vehicles for therapeutic enzymes as they are biodegradable, uniformly organized, and porous nanostructures that transport and could protect the biocatalyst from the external environment without much affecting the bioactivity. Consequently, significant efforts have been made in the production processes of virus-based enzymatic nanoreactors and their functionalization, which are critically reviewed. The use of virus-based enzymatic nanoreactors for the treatment of lysosomal storage diseases such as Gaucher, Fabry, and Pompe diseases, as well as potential therapies for galactosemia, and Hurler and Hunter syndromes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar González-Davis
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Km 107 carretera, Tijuana-Ensenada, Baja California, 22860, Mexico
| | - Maria V Villagrana-Escareño
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Km 107 carretera, Tijuana-Ensenada, Baja California, 22860, Mexico
| | - Mario A Trujillo
- School of Medicine, Universidad Xochicalco, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Pedro Gama
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Km 107 carretera, Tijuana-Ensenada, Baja California, 22860, Mexico
| | - Kanchan Chauhan
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Km 107 carretera, Tijuana-Ensenada, Baja California, 22860, Mexico
| | - Rafael Vazquez-Duhalt
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Km 107 carretera, Tijuana-Ensenada, Baja California, 22860, Mexico.
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14
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Truchado DA, Rincón S, Zurita L, Sánchez F, Ponz F. Isopeptide Bonding In Planta Allows Functionalization of Elongated Flexuous Proteinaceous Viral Nanoparticles, including Non-Viable Constructs by Other Means. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020375. [PMID: 36851591 PMCID: PMC9964325 DOI: 10.3390/v15020375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant viral nanoparticles (VNPs) have become an attractive platform for the development of novel nanotools in the last years because of their safety, inexpensive production, and straightforward functionalization. Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) is one example of a plant-based VNP used as a nanobiotechnological platform either as virions or as virus-like particles (VLPs). Their functionalization mainly consists of coating their surface with the molecules of interest via chemical conjugation or genetic fusion. However, because of their limitations, these two methods sometimes result in non-viable constructs. In this paper, we applied the SpyTag/SpyCatcher technology as an alternative for the functionalization of TuMV VLPs with peptides and proteins. We chose as molecules of interest the green fluorescent protein (GFP) because of its good traceability, as well as the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), given the previous unsuccessful attempts to functionalize TuMV VNPs by other methods. The successful conjugation of VLPs to GFP and VIP using SpyTag/SpyCatcher was confirmed through Western blot and electron microscopy. Moreover, the isopeptide bond between SpyTag and SpyCatcher occurred in vivo in co-agroinfiltrated Nicotiana benthamiana plants. These results demonstrated that SpyTag/SpyCatcher improves TuMV functionalization compared with previous approaches, thus implying the expansion of the application of the technology to elongated flexuous VNPs.
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15
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Chattha GM, Arshad S, Kamal Y, Chattha MA, Asim MH, Raza SA, Mahmood A, Manzoor M, Dar UI, Arshad A. Nanorobots: An innovative approach for DNA-based cancer treatment. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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16
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Sun X, Cui Z. Microbiological Nanotechnology. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-8984-0_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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17
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Zhang H, Lai ACK. Evaluation of Single-Pass Disinfection Performance of Far-UVC Light on Airborne Microorganisms in Duct Flows. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:17849-17857. [PMID: 36469399 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c04861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Far-UVC irradiation (222 nm) is considered an emerging and sustainable solution for future infection and pandemic challenges. We examined the disinfection performance of a krypton-chloride lamp, with a quasi-monochromatic UVC peak at 222 nm, for inactivating airborne microorganisms in a full-scale ventilation duct system. Single-pass disinfection efficacy of far-UVC was determined and compared with that of a conventional mercury-type UVC (254 nm) lamp. Four bacteria, Escherichia coli (E. coli), Pseudomonas alcaligenes (P. alcaligenes), Serratia marcescens (S. marcescens), and Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis), as well as bacteriophage P22, were tested under UV exposure with different velocities of duct flows. The data revealed that as the air velocity increased from 0.7 to 4 m/s, the far-UVC disinfection efficacies would decrease by 42, 47, 35, 39, and 33% for these five microorganisms, respectively. The inactivation rate constants to far-UVC light were 4.9, 7.5, 3.3, 6.3, and 3.0 cm2/mJ for aerosolized E. coli, P. alcaligenes, S. marcescens, S. epidermidis, and bacteriophage P22, respectively. Far-UVC irradiation showed a comparable disinfection ability on airborne microorganisms compared with the 254 nm UV irradiation. This first study of far-UVC in real duct applications provides a better understanding of the disinfection performance of this solution in bioaerosol inactivation. It offers a valuable database in the sizing and design of excimer lamps for novel portable air purifiers or in-duct disinfection units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Zhang
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong00000, China
| | - Alvin C K Lai
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong00000, China
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18
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Wang J, Li Z, Pan M, Fiaz M, Hao Y, Yan Y, Sun L, Yan F. Ultrasound-mediated blood-brain barrier opening: An effective drug delivery system for theranostics of brain diseases. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 190:114539. [PMID: 36116720 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) remains a significant obstacle to drug therapy for brain diseases. Focused ultrasound (FUS) combined with microbubbles (MBs) can locally and transiently open the BBB, providing a potential strategy for drug delivery across the BBB into the brain. Nowadays, taking advantage of this technology, many therapeutic agents, such as antibodies, growth factors, and nanomedicine formulations, are intensively investigated across the BBB into specific brain regions for the treatment of various brain diseases. Several preliminary clinical trials also have demonstrated its safety and good tolerance in patients. This review gives an overview of the basic mechanisms, ultrasound contrast agents, evaluation or monitoring methods, and medical applications of FUS-mediated BBB opening in glioblastoma, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieqiong Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201206, China
| | - Zhenzhou Li
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518061, China
| | - Min Pan
- Shenzhen Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518034, China
| | - Muhammad Fiaz
- Department of Radiology, Azra Naheed Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Yongsheng Hao
- Center for Cell and Gene Circuit Design, CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yiran Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, China
| | - Litao Sun
- Cancer Center, Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China.
| | - Fei Yan
- Center for Cell and Gene Circuit Design, CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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19
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Plug-and-Display Photo-Switchable Systems on Plant Virus Nanoparticles. BIOTECH (BASEL (SWITZERLAND)) 2022; 11:biotech11040049. [PMID: 36278561 PMCID: PMC9589989 DOI: 10.3390/biotech11040049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Light can be used to regulate protein interactions with a high degree of spatial and temporal precision. Photo-switchable systems therefore allow the development of controllable protein complexes that can influence various cellular and molecular processes. Here, we describe a plant virus-based nanoparticle shuttle for the distribution of proteins that can be released when exposed to light. Potato virus X (PVX) is often used as a presentation system for heterologous proteins and epitopes, and has ideal properties for biomedical applications such as good tissue penetration and the ability to form hydrogels that present signaling molecules and promote cell adhesion. In this study, we describe three different systems attached to the surface of PVX particles: LOVTRAP, BphP1/QPAS1 and Dronpa145N. We demonstrated the functionality of all three photo-switchable protein complexes in vitro and the successful loading and unloading of PVX particles. The new systems provide the basis for promising applications in the biomedical and biomaterial sciences.
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20
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González-Gamboa I, Velázquez-Lam E, Lobo-Zegers MJ, Frías-Sánchez AI, Tavares-Negrete JA, Monroy-Borrego A, Menchaca-Arrendondo JL, Williams L, Lunello P, Ponz F, Alvarez MM, Trujillo-de Santiago G. Gelatin-methacryloyl hydrogels containing turnip mosaic virus for fabrication of nanostructured materials for tissue engineering. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:907601. [PMID: 36118588 PMCID: PMC9480610 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.907601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Current tissue engineering techniques frequently rely on hydrogels to support cell growth, as these materials strongly mimic the extracellular matrix. However, hydrogels often need ad hoc customization to generate specific tissue constructs. One popular strategy for hydrogel functionalization is to add nanoparticles to them. Here, we present a plant viral nanoparticle the turnip mosaic virus (TuMV), as a promising additive for gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogels for the engineering of mammalian tissues. TuMV is a flexuous, elongated, tubular protein nanoparticle (700–750 nm long and 12–15 nm wide) and is incapable of infecting mammalian cells. These flexuous nanoparticles spontaneously form entangled nanomeshes in aqueous environments, and we hypothesized that this nanomesh structure could serve as a nanoscaffold for cells. Human fibroblasts loaded into GelMA-TuMV hydrogels exhibited similar metabolic activity to that of cells loaded in pristine GelMA hydrogels. However, cells cultured in GelMA-TuMV formed clusters and assumed an elongated morphology in contrast to the homogeneous and confluent cultures seen on GelMA surfaces, suggesting that the nanoscaffold material per se did not favor cell adhesion. We also covalently conjugated TuMV particles with epidermal growth factor (EGF) using a straightforward reaction scheme based on a Staudinger reaction. BJ cells cultured on the functionalized scaffolds increased their confluency by approximately 30% compared to growth with unconjugated EGF. We also provide examples of the use of GelMA-TuMV hydrogels in different biofabrication scenarios, include casting, flow-based-manufacture of filaments, and bioprinting. We envision TuMV as a versatile nanobiomaterial that can be useful for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivonne González-Gamboa
- Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Departamento de Bioingeniería, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Edith Velázquez-Lam
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid—Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (CBGP, UPM-INIA/CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Matías José Lobo-Zegers
- Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecatrónica y Eléctrica, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Ada Itzel Frías-Sánchez
- Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecatrónica y Eléctrica, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Jorge Alfonso Tavares-Negrete
- Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Departamento de Bioingeniería, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Andrea Monroy-Borrego
- Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Departamento de Bioingeniería, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Jorge Luis Menchaca-Arrendondo
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Físico Matemáticas (CICFIM), Facultad de Ciencias Físico-Matemáticas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico
| | | | | | - Fernando Ponz
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid—Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (CBGP, UPM-INIA/CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario Moisés Alvarez
- Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Departamento de Bioingeniería, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Mario Moisés Alvarez, ; Grissel Trujillo-de Santiago,
| | - Grissel Trujillo-de Santiago
- Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecatrónica y Eléctrica, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Mario Moisés Alvarez, ; Grissel Trujillo-de Santiago,
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21
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Chandrasekar V, Singh AV, Maharjan RS, Dakua SP, Balakrishnan S, Dash S, Laux P, Luch A, Singh S, Pradhan M. Perspectives on the Technological Aspects and Biomedical Applications of Virus‐Like Particles/Nanoparticles in Reproductive Biology: Insights on the Medicinal and Toxicological Outlook. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202200010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ajay Vikram Singh
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) Department of Chemical and Product Safety Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10 10589 Berlin Germany
| | - Romi Singh Maharjan
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) Department of Chemical and Product Safety Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10 10589 Berlin Germany
| | | | | | - Sagnika Dash
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Apollo Clinic Qatar 23656 Doha Qatar
| | - Peter Laux
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) Department of Chemical and Product Safety Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10 10589 Berlin Germany
| | - Andreas Luch
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) Department of Chemical and Product Safety Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10 10589 Berlin Germany
| | - Suyash Singh
- Department of Neurosurgery All India Institute of Medical Sciences Raebareli UP 226001 India
| | - Mandakini Pradhan
- Department of Fetal Medicine Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences Reabareli Road Lucknow UP 226014 India
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22
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Davenport BJ, Catala A, Weston SM, Johnson RM, Ardanuy J, Hammond HL, Dillen C, Frieman MB, Catalano CE, Morrison TE. Phage-like particle vaccines are highly immunogenic and protect against pathogenic coronavirus infection and disease. NPJ Vaccines 2022; 7:57. [PMID: 35618725 PMCID: PMC9135756 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-022-00481-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The response by vaccine developers to the COVID-19 pandemic has been extraordinary with effective vaccines authorized for emergency use in the United States within 1 year of the appearance of the first COVID-19 cases. However, the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants and obstacles with the global rollout of new vaccines highlight the need for platforms that are amenable to rapid tuning and stable formulation to facilitate the logistics of vaccine delivery worldwide. We developed a "designer nanoparticle" platform using phage-like particles (PLPs) derived from bacteriophage lambda for a multivalent display of antigens in rigorously defined ratios. Here, we engineered PLPs that display the receptor-binding domain (RBD) protein from SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV, alone (RBDSARS-PLPs and RBDMERS-PLPs) and in combination (hCoV-RBD PLPs). Functionalized particles possess physiochemical properties compatible with pharmaceutical standards and retain antigenicity. Following primary immunization, BALB/c mice immunized with RBDSARS- or RBDMERS-PLPs display serum RBD-specific IgG endpoint and live virus neutralization titers that, in the case of SARS-CoV-2, were comparable to those detected in convalescent plasma from infected patients. Further, these antibody levels remain elevated up to 6 months post-prime. In dose-response studies, immunization with as little as one microgram of RBDSARS-PLPs elicited robust neutralizing antibody responses. Finally, animals immunized with RBDSARS-PLPs, RBDMERS-PLPs, and hCoV-RBD PLPs were protected against SARS-CoV-2 and/or MERS-CoV lung infection and disease. Collectively, these data suggest that the designer PLP system provides a platform for facile and rapid generation of single and multi-target vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bennett J Davenport
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Alexis Catala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Program in Structural Biology and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Stuart M Weston
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert M Johnson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeremy Ardanuy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Holly L Hammond
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Carly Dillen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Matthew B Frieman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Carlos E Catalano
- Program in Structural Biology and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Thomas E Morrison
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
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23
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McNulty MJ, Schwartz A, Delzio J, Karuppanan K, Jacobson A, Hart O, Dandekar A, Giritch A, Nandi S, Gleba Y, McDonald KA. Affinity Sedimentation and Magnetic Separation With Plant-Made Immunosorbent Nanoparticles for Therapeutic Protein Purification. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:865481. [PMID: 35573255 PMCID: PMC9092175 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.865481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The virus-based immunosorbent nanoparticle is a nascent technology being developed to serve as a simple and efficacious agent in biosensing and therapeutic antibody purification. There has been particular emphasis on the use of plant virions as immunosorbent nanoparticle chassis for their diverse morphologies and accessible, high yield manufacturing via plant cultivation. To date, studies in this area have focused on proof-of-concept immunosorbent functionality in biosensing and purification contexts. Here we consolidate a previously reported pro-vector system into a single Agrobacterium tumefaciens vector to investigate and expand the utility of virus-based immunosorbent nanoparticle technology for therapeutic protein purification. We demonstrate the use of this technology for Fc-fusion protein purification, characterize key nanomaterial properties including binding capacity, stability, reusability, and particle integrity, and present an optimized processing scheme with reduced complexity and increased purity. Furthermore, we present a coupling of virus-based immunosorbent nanoparticles with magnetic particles as a strategy to overcome limitations of the immunosorbent nanoparticle sedimentation-based affinity capture methodology. We report magnetic separation results which exceed the binding capacity reported for current industry standards by an order of magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. McNulty
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | | | - Jesse Delzio
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Kalimuthu Karuppanan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Aaron Jacobson
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Olivia Hart
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Abhaya Dandekar
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | | | - Somen Nandi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Global HealthShare® Initiative, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | | | - Karen A. McDonald
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Global HealthShare® Initiative, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Karen A. McDonald,
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24
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Weldick PJ, Wang A, Halbus AF, Paunov VN. Emerging nanotechnologies for targeting antimicrobial resistance. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:4018-4041. [PMID: 35234774 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr08157h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Without newly approved antibiotics and antifungals being brought to the market, resistance is being developed to the ones currently available to clinicians. The reason is the applied evolutionary pressure to bacterial and fungal species due to the wide overuse of common antibiotics and antifungals in clinical practice and agriculture. Biofilms harbour antimicrobial-resistant subpopulations, which make their antimicrobial treatment even more challenging. Nanoparticle-based technologies have recently been shown to successfully overcome antimicrobial resistance in both planktonic and biofilms phenotypes. This results from the combination of novel nanomaterial research and classic antimicrobial therapies which promise to deliver a whole new generation of high-performance active nanocarrier systems. This review discusses the latest developments of promising nanotechnologies with applications against resistant pathogens and evaluates their potential and feasibility for use in novel antimicrobial therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Weldick
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Anheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Ahmed F Halbus
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Babylon, Hilla, Iraq
| | - Vesselin N Paunov
- Department of Chemistry, Nazarbayev University, Kabanbay Baryr Ave. 53, Nur-sultan city, 010000, Kazakhstan.
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25
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Functionalizing silica sol-gel with entrapped plant virus-based immunosorbent nanoparticles. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:105. [PMID: 35246160 PMCID: PMC8895542 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01303-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Advancements in understanding and engineering of virus-based nanomaterials (VBNs) for biomedical applications motivate a need to explore the interfaces between VBNs and other biomedically-relevant chemistries and materials. While several strategies have been used to investigate some of these interfaces with promising initial results, including VBN-containing slow-release implants and VBN-activated bioceramic bone scaffolds, there remains a need to establish VBN-immobilized three dimensional materials that exhibit improved stability and diffusion characteristics for biosensing and other analyte-capture applications. Silica sol–gel chemistries have been researched for biomedical applications over several decades and are well understood; various cellular organisms and biomolecules (e.g., bacteria, algae, enzymes) have been immobilized in silica sol-gels to improve viability, activity, and form factor (i.e., ease of use). Here we present the immobilization of an antibody-binding VBN in silica sol–gel by pore confinement. We have shown that the resulting system is sufficiently diffuse to allow antibodies to migrate in and out of the matrix. We also show that the immobilized VBN is capable of antibody binding and elution functionality under different buffer conditions for multiple use cycles. The promising results of the VBN and silica sol–gel interface indicate a general applicability for VBN-based bioseparations and biosensing applications.
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Latreille PL, Le Goas M, Salimi S, Robert J, De Crescenzo G, Boffito DC, Martinez VA, Hildgen P, Banquy X. Scratching the Surface of the Protein Corona: Challenging Measurements and Controversies. ACS NANO 2022; 16:1689-1707. [PMID: 35138808 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c05901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This Review aims to provide a systematic analysis of the literature regarding ongoing debates in protein corona research. Our goal is to portray the current understanding of two fundamental and debated characteristics of the protein corona, namely, the formation of mono- or multilayers of proteins and their binding (ir)reversibility. The statistical analysis we perform reveals that these characterisitics are strongly correlated to some physicochemical factors of the NP-protein system (particle size, bulk material, protein type), whereas the technique of investigation or the type of measurement (in situ or ex situ) do not impact the results, unlike commonly assumed. Regarding the binding reversibility, the experimental design (either dilution or competition experiments) is also shown to be a key factor, probably due to nontrivial protein binding mechanisms, which could explain the paradoxical phenomena reported in the literature. Overall, we suggest that to truly predict and control the protein corona, future efforts should be directed toward the mechanistic aspects of protein adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Luc Latreille
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, PO Box 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Marine Le Goas
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, PO Box 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Sina Salimi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, PO Box 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Jordan Robert
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, PO Box 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Gregory De Crescenzo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montreal H3C 3A7, Canada
| | - Daria C Boffito
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montreal H3C 3A7, Canada
| | - Vincent A Martinez
- School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FD, U.K
| | - Patrice Hildgen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, PO Box 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Xavier Banquy
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, PO Box 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
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27
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Zamora-Ceballos M, Moreno N, Gil-Cantero D, Castón JR, Blanco E, Bárcena J. Immunogenicity of Multi-Target Chimeric RHDV Virus-like Particles Delivering Foreign B-Cell Epitopes. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10020229. [PMID: 35214688 PMCID: PMC8875457 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10020229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) vaccine platform is a nanoparticle composed of 180 copies of the viral capsid protein, VP60, self-assembled into virus-like particles (VLPs). RHDV VLPs are able to accept the simultaneous incorporation of target epitopes at different insertion sites. The resulting chimeric RHDV VLPs displaying immunogenic foreign antigens have been shown to induce specific protective immune responses against inserted heterologous T-cytotoxic and B-cell epitopes in the mouse and pig models. In this study, we explored whether RHDV-based engineered VLPs can be developed as efficient multivalent vaccines co-delivering different foreign B-cell antigens. We generated bivalent chimeric RHDV VLPs displaying two model B-cell epitopes at different surface-exposed insertion sites, as well as the corresponding monovalent chimeric VLPs. The immunogenic potential of the bivalent chimeric VLPs versus the monovalent constructs was assessed in the mouse model. We found that the bivalent chimeric VLPs elicited a strong and balanced antibody response towards the two target epitopes tested, although slight reductions were observed in the levels of specific serum antibody titers induced by bivalent chimeric VLPs as compared with the corresponding monovalent constructs. These results suggest that RHDV VLPs could represent a promising platform for the development of efficient multivalent vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Zamora-Ceballos
- Instituto Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA/CSIC), Valdeolmos, 28130 Madrid, Spain; (M.Z.-C.); (N.M.); (E.B.)
| | - Noelia Moreno
- Instituto Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA/CSIC), Valdeolmos, 28130 Madrid, Spain; (M.Z.-C.); (N.M.); (E.B.)
| | - David Gil-Cantero
- Department of Structure of Macromolecules, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (D.G.-C.); (J.R.C.)
| | - José R. Castón
- Department of Structure of Macromolecules, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (D.G.-C.); (J.R.C.)
| | - Esther Blanco
- Instituto Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA/CSIC), Valdeolmos, 28130 Madrid, Spain; (M.Z.-C.); (N.M.); (E.B.)
| | - Juan Bárcena
- Instituto Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA/CSIC), Valdeolmos, 28130 Madrid, Spain; (M.Z.-C.); (N.M.); (E.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-916-202-300
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28
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Microbiological Nanotechnology. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-9374-7_16-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
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29
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Abstract
Antibody immunodominance refers to the preferential and asymmetric elicitation of antibodies against specific epitopes on a complex protein antigen. Traditional vaccination approaches for rapidly evolving pathogens have had limited success in part because of this phenomenon, as elicited antibodies preferentially target highly variable regions of antigens, and thus do not confer long lasting protection. While antibodies targeting functionally conserved epitopes have the potential to be broadly protective, they often make up a minority of the overall repertoire. Here, we discuss recent protein engineering strategies used to favorably alter patterns of immunodominance, and selectively focus antibody responses toward broadly protective epitopes in the pursuit of next-generation vaccines for rapidly evolving pathogens.
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30
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Abisoye-Ogunniyan A, Carrano IM, Weilhammer DR, Gilmore SF, Fischer NO, Pal S, de la Maza LM, Coleman MA, Rasley A. A Survey of Preclinical Studies Evaluating Nanoparticle-Based Vaccines Against Non-Viral Sexually Transmitted Infections. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:768461. [PMID: 34899322 PMCID: PMC8662999 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.768461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A worldwide estimate of over one million STIs are acquired daily and there is a desperate need for effective preventive as well as therapeutic measures to curtail this global health burden. Vaccines have been the most effective means for the control and potential eradication of infectious diseases; however, the development of vaccines against STIs has been a daunting task requiring extensive research for the development of safe and efficacious formulations. Nanoparticle-based vaccines represent a promising platform as they offer benefits such as targeted antigen presentation and delivery, co-localized antigen-adjuvant combinations for enhanced immunogenicity, and can be designed to be biologically inert. Here we discuss promising types of nanoparticles along with outcomes from nanoparticle-based vaccine preclinical studies against non-viral STIs including chlamydia, syphilis, gonorrhea, and recommendations for future nanoparticle-based vaccines against STIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abisola Abisoye-Ogunniyan
- Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, United States
| | - Isabella M Carrano
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Rausser College of Natural Resources, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Dina R Weilhammer
- Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, United States
| | - Sean F Gilmore
- Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, United States
| | - Nicholas O Fischer
- Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, United States
| | - Sukumar Pal
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Luis M de la Maza
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Matthew A Coleman
- Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, United States
| | - Amy Rasley
- Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, United States
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31
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Hwang SR, Chakraborty K, An JM, Mondal J, Yoon HY, Lee YK. Pharmaceutical Aspects of Nanocarriers for Smart Anticancer Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13111875. [PMID: 34834290 PMCID: PMC8619450 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug delivery to tumor sites using nanotechnology has been demonstrated to overcome the drawbacks of conventional anticancer drugs. Altering the surface shape and geometry of nanocomposites alters their chemical properties, which can confer multiple attributes to nanocarriers for the treatment of cancer and their use as imaging agents for cancer diagnosis. However, heterogeneity and blood flow in human cancer limit the distribution of nanoparticles at the site of tumor tisues. For targeted delivery and controlled release of drug molecules in harsh tumor microenvironments, smart nanocarriers combined with various stimuli-responsive materials have been developed. In this review, we describe nanomaterials for smart anticancer therapy as well as their pharmaceutical aspects including pharmaceutical process, formulation, controlled drug release, drug targetability, and pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic profiles of smart nanocarriers. Inorganic or organic-inorganic hybrid nanoplatforms and the electrospinning process have also been briefly described here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Rim Hwang
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, 309 Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Korea;
| | - Kushal Chakraborty
- Department of IT and Energy Convergence (BK21 FOUR), Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, Korea;
| | - Jeong Man An
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea;
| | - Jagannath Mondal
- Department of Green Bio Engineering, Graduate School, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, Korea;
- 4D Convergence Technology Institute, Korea National University of Transportation, Jeungpyeong 27909, Korea
| | - Hong Yeol Yoon
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea;
| | - Yong-kyu Lee
- Department of IT and Energy Convergence (BK21 FOUR), Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, Korea;
- Department of Green Bio Engineering, Graduate School, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, Korea;
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-43-841-5224
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32
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Makvandi P, Chen M, Sartorius R, Zarrabi A, Ashrafizadeh M, Dabbagh Moghaddam F, Ma J, Mattoli V, Tay FR. Endocytosis of abiotic nanomaterials and nanobiovectors: Inhibition of membrane trafficking. NANO TODAY 2021; 40:101279. [PMID: 34518771 PMCID: PMC8425779 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2021.101279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Humans are exposed to nanoscopical nanobiovectors (e.g. coronavirus SARS-CoV-2) as well as abiotic metal/carbon-based nanomaterials that enter cells serendipitously or intentionally. Understanding the interactions of cell membranes with these abiotic and biotic nanostructures will facilitate scientists to design better functional nanomaterials for biomedical applications. Such knowledge will also provide important clues for the control of viral infections and the treatment of virus-induced infectious diseases. In the present review, the mechanisms of endocytosis are reviewed in the context of how nanomaterials are uptaken into cells. This is followed by a detailed discussion of the attributes of man-made nanomaterials (e.g. size, shape, surface functional groups and elasticity) that affect endocytosis, as well as the different human cell types that participate in the endocytosis of nanomaterials. Readers are then introduced to the concept of viruses as nature-derived nanoparticles. The mechanisms in which different classes of viruses interact with various cell types to gain entry into the human body are reviewed with examples published over the last five years. These basic tenets will enable the avid reader to design advanced drug delivery and gene transfer nanoplatforms that harness the knowledge acquired from endocytosis to improve their biomedical efficacy. The review winds up with a discussion on the hurdles to be addressed in mimicking the natural mechanisms of endocytosis in nanomaterials design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooyan Makvandi
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Centre for Materials Interfaces, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Pisa, Italy
| | - Meiling Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rossella Sartorius
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Farnaz Dabbagh Moghaddam
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1477893855, Iran
| | - Jingzhi Ma
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Virgilio Mattoli
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Centre for Materials Interfaces, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Pisa, Italy
| | - Franklin R Tay
- The Graduate School, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
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33
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Brunk NE, Twarock R. Percolation Theory Reveals Biophysical Properties of Virus-like Particles. ACS NANO 2021; 15:12988-12995. [PMID: 34296852 PMCID: PMC8397427 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c01882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The viral protein containers that encapsulate a virus' genetic material are repurposed as virus-like particles in a host of nanotechnology applications, including cargo delivery, storage, catalysis, and vaccination. These viral architectures have evolved to sit on the knife's edge between stability, to provide adequate protection for their genetic cargoes, and instability, to enable their efficient and timely release in the host cell environment upon environmental cues. By introducing a percolation theory for viral capsids, we demonstrate that the geometric characteristics of a viral capsid in terms of its subunit layout and intersubunit interaction network are key for its disassembly behavior. A comparative analysis of all alternative homogeneously tiled capsid structures of the same stoichiometry identifies evolutionary drivers favoring specific viral geometries in nature and offers a guide for virus-like particle design in nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas E. Brunk
- Wolfram
Research, Champaign, Illinois 61820, United
States
- VeriSIM
Life, San Francisco, California 94104, United States
- Intelligent
Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408, United States
| | - Reidun Twarock
- Departments
of Mathematics and Biology, York Cross-disciplinary Centre for Systems
Analysis, University of York, York YO10 5GE, U.K.
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34
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Chimeric virus-like particles (VLPs) designed from shrimp nodavirus (MrNV) capsid protein specifically target EGFR-positive human colorectal cancer cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16579. [PMID: 34400669 PMCID: PMC8367941 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95891-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant MrNV capsid protein has been shown to effectively deliver plasmid DNA and dsRNA into Sf9 insect cells and shrimp tissues. To extend its application to cancer cell-targeting drug delivery, we created three different types of chimeric MrNV virus-like particles (VLPs) (R-MrNV, I-MrNV, and E-MrNV) that have specificity toward the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a cancer cell biomarker, by incorporating the EGFR-specific GE11 peptide at 3 different locations within the host cell recognition site of the capsid. All three chimeric MrNV-VLPs preserved the ability to form a mulberry-like VLP structure and to encapsulate EGFP DNA plasmid with an efficiency comparable to that previously reported for normal MrNV (N-MrNV). Compared to N-MrNV, the chimeric R-MrNV and E-MrNV carrying the exposed GE-11 peptide showed a significantly enhanced binding and internalization abilities that were specific towards EGFR expression in colorectal cancer cells (SW480). Specific targeting of chimeric MrNV to EGFR was proven by both EGFR silencing with siRNA vector and a competition with excess GE-11 peptide as well as the use of EGFR-negative colorectal cells (SW620) and breast cancer cells (MCF7). We demonstrated here that both chimeric R-MrNV and E-MrNV could be used to encapsulate cargo such as exogenous DNA and deliver it specifically to EGFR-positive cells. Our study presents the potential use of surface-modified VLPs of shrimp virus origin as nanocontainers for targeted cancer drug delivery.
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Catala A, Dzieciatkowska M, Wang G, Gutierrez-Hartmann A, Simberg D, Hansen KC, D'Alessandro A, Catalano CE. Targeted Intracellular Delivery of Trastuzumab Using Designer Phage Lambda Nanoparticles Alters Cellular Programs in Human Breast Cancer Cells. ACS NANO 2021; 15:11789-11805. [PMID: 34189924 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c02864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
| Several diseases exhibit a high degree of heterogeneity and diverse reprogramming of cellular pathways. To address this complexity, additional strategies and technologies must be developed to define their scope and variability with the goal of improving current treatments. Nanomedicines derived from viruses are modular systems that can be easily adapted for combinatorial approaches, including imaging, biomarker targeting, and intracellular delivery of therapeutics. Here, we describe a "designer nanoparticle" system that can be rapidly engineered in a tunable and defined manner. Phage-like particles (PLPs) derived from bacteriophage lambda possess physiochemical properties compatible with pharmaceutical standards, and in vitro particle tracking and cell targeting are accomplished by simultaneous display of fluorescein-5-maleimide (F5M) and trastuzumab (Trz), respectively (Trz-PLPs). Trz-PLPs bind to the oncogenically active human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and are internalized by breast cancer cells of the HER2 overexpression subtype, but not by those lacking the HER2 amplification. Compared to treatment with Trz, robust internalization of Trz-PLPs results in higher intracellular concentrations of Trz, prolonged inhibition of cell growth, and modulated regulation of cellular programs associated with HER2 signaling, proliferation, metabolism, and protein synthesis. Given the implications to cancer pathogenesis and that dysregulated signaling and metabolism can lead to drug resistance and cancer cell survival, the present study identifies metabolic and proteomic liabilities that could be exploited by the PLP platform to enhance therapeutic efficacy. The lambda PLP system is robust and rapidly modifiable, which offers a platform that can be easily "tuned" for broad utility and tailored functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Catala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
- Program in Structural Biology and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Monika Dzieciatkowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Guankui Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Arthur Gutierrez-Hartmann
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics and Medicine - Division of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Dmitri Simberg
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Kirk C Hansen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
- Program in Structural Biology and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- Program in Structural Biology and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics and Medicine - Division of Hematology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Carlos E Catalano
- Program in Structural Biology and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
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Alvandi N, Rajabnejad M, Taghvaei Z, Esfandiari N. New generation of viral nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery in cancer therapy. J Drug Target 2021; 30:151-165. [PMID: 34210232 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2021.1949600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale engineering is one of the novel methods to cure multitudes of diseases, such as types of cancers, neurological disorders, and infectious illnesses. Viruses can play a vital role in nanoscale engineering due to their specific properties like minuscule size, high stability in different body conditions, and large-scale production. Viral-like particles (VLPs) as specific nanoscale scaffolds can encapsulate a wide range of cargos, including nucleic acids, proteins, peptides, and drugs. The Exterior portion of VLPs can be changed by genetical or chemical conjugation as well as targeting ligands or peptides. The aforementioned features of VLPs can be used in several applications, such as drug delivery, bioimaging, tissue engineering, vaccine production, and disease detection. This review article attempts to investigate appearance characteristics, modification strategies, and manufacturing methods of VLPs. Additionally, drug delivery to cancer cells as one of the VLPs applications along with different cellular uptake mechanisms of VLPs by cancer cells are chosen for investigation. This review also tries to gather most of the recent studies of drug delivery to cancer cells by VLPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikta Alvandi
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Rajabnejad
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeynab Taghvaei
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Esfandiari
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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Vervoort DF, Heiringhoff R, Timmermans SBPE, van Stevendaal MHME, van Hest JCM. Dual Site-Selective Presentation of Functional Handles on Protein-Engineered Cowpea Chlorotic Mottle Virus-Like Particles. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 32:958-963. [PMID: 33861931 PMCID: PMC8154214 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Protein cages hold much promise as carrier systems in nanomedicine, due to their well-defined size, cargo-loading capacity, and inherent biodegradability. In order to make them suitable for drug delivery, they have to be stable under physiological conditions. In addition, often surface modifications are required, for example, to improve cell targeting or reduce the particle immunogenicity by PEGylation. For this purpose, we investigated the functionalization capacity of the capsid of cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV), modified at the interior with a stabilizing elastin-like polypeptide (ELP) tag, by employing a combination of protein engineering and bio-orthogonal chemistry. We first demonstrated the accessibility of the native cysteine residue in ELP-CCMV as a site-selective surface-exposed functional handle, which was not available in the native CCMV capsid. An additional bio-orthogonal functional handle was introduced by incorporation of the noncanonical amino acid, azido-phenylalanine (AzF), using the amber suppression mechanism. Dual site-selective presentation of both a cell-penetrating TAT peptide and a fluorophore to track the particles was demonstrated successfully in HeLa cell uptake studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daan F.
M. Vervoort
- Eindhoven University of Technology, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, PO Box 513 (STO 3.41), 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Robin Heiringhoff
- Eindhoven University of Technology, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, PO Box 513 (STO 3.41), 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne B. P. E. Timmermans
- Eindhoven University of Technology, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, PO Box 513 (STO 3.41), 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Marleen H. M. E. van Stevendaal
- Eindhoven University of Technology, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, PO Box 513 (STO 3.41), 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jan C. M. van Hest
- Eindhoven University of Technology, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, PO Box 513 (STO 3.41), 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Wang Q, Xiao Y, Zhu J, Ye L, Zhang L, Wang L, Wang X, Pang H, Li J, Yuan S, Niu L, Chen M, Yan Y, Xu L, Yan J. Design of a Genetically Programmed Biomimetic Lipase Nanoreactor. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:3518-3523. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingxia Wang
- Key Lab of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yi Xiao
- Key Lab of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jiarui Zhu
- Key Lab of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Luona Ye
- Key Lab of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Longyu Zhang
- Key Lab of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Lab of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xuxia Wang
- Key Lab of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Huimin Pang
- Key Lab of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Lab of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Sheng Yuan
- Key Lab of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Li Niu
- Key Lab of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Miao Chen
- Key Lab of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yunjun Yan
- Key Lab of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Li Xu
- Key Lab of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jinyong Yan
- Key Lab of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
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An Overview of Nanocarrier-Based Adjuvants for Vaccine Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13040455. [PMID: 33801614 PMCID: PMC8066039 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13040455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of vaccines is one of the most significant medical accomplishments which has helped to eradicate a large number of diseases. It has undergone an evolutionary process from live attenuated pathogen vaccine to killed whole organisms or inactivated toxins (toxoids), each of them having its own advantages and disadvantages. The crucial parameters in vaccination are the generation of memory response and protection against infection, while an important aspect is the effective delivery of antigen in an intelligent manner to evoke a robust immune response. In this regard, nanotechnology is greatly contributing to developing efficient vaccine adjuvants and delivery systems. These can protect the encapsulated antigen from the host’s in-vivo environment and releasing it in a sustained manner to induce a long-lasting immunostimulatory effect. In view of this, the present review article summarizes nanoscale-based adjuvants and delivery vehicles such as viral vectors, virus-like particles and virosomes; non-viral vectors namely nanoemulsions, lipid nanocarriers, biodegradable and non-degradable nanoparticles, calcium phosphate nanoparticles, colloidally stable nanoparticles, proteosomes; and pattern recognition receptors covering c-type lectin receptors and toll-like receptors.
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40
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Tao C, Zhu W, Iqbal J, Xu C, Wang DA. Stabilized albumin coatings on engineered xenografts for attenuation of acute immune and inflammatory responses. J Mater Chem B 2021; 8:6080-6091. [PMID: 32555888 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01111h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Xenogeneic grafts are promising candidates for transplantation therapy due to their easily accessible sources. Nevertheless, the immune and inflammatory responses induced by xenografts need to be addressed for clinical use. A novel and facile method was introduced for the attenuation of immune and inflammatory responses by extending the immune evasion potential of albumin to the tissue engineering field and coating albumin, which could passivate biomaterial surfaces, onto xenografts. Albumin was first modified by dopamine to enhance its adhesion on graft surfaces. Porcine chondrocytes derived living hyaline cartilage graft (LhCG) and decellularized LhCG (dLhCG) were applied as xenograft models implanted in the omentum of rats. Both LhCG which contained porcine chondrocytes as well as secreted ECM and dLhCG which was mainly composed of the porcine source ECM showed alleviated immune and inflammatory responses after being coated with albumin at cell, protein and gene levels, respectively. Significantly less inflammatory cells including neutrophils, macrophages and lymphocytes were recruited according to pathological analysis and immunohistochemistry staining with lower gene expression encoding inflammation-related cytokines including MCP-1, IL-6 and IL-1β after employing LhCG and dLhCG with albumin passivation coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Tao
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave, 639798, Singapore
| | - Wenzhen Zhu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave, 639798, Singapore
| | - Jabed Iqbal
- Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, 20 College Road, Academia, Diagnostics Tower, Level 10, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Chenjie Xu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave, 639798, Singapore and City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| | - Dong-An Wang
- City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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41
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Borlan R, Focsan M, Maniu D, Astilean S. Interventional NIR Fluorescence Imaging of Cancer: Review on Next Generation of Dye-Loaded Protein-Based Nanoparticles for Real-Time Feedback During Cancer Surgery. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:2147-2171. [PMID: 33746512 PMCID: PMC7966856 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s295234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of fluorescence imaging technique for visualization, resection and treatment of cancerous tissue, attained plenty of interest once the promise of whole body and deep tissue near-infrared (NIR) imaging emerged. Why is NIR so desired? Contrast agents with optical properties in the NIR spectral range offer an upgrade for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer, by dint of the deep tissue penetration of light in the NIR region of the electromagnetic spectrum, also known as the optical window in biological tissue. Thus, the development of a new generation of NIR emitting and absorbing contrast agents able to overcome the shortcomings of the basic free dye administration is absolutely essential. Several examples of nanoparticles (NPs) have been successfully implemented as carriers for NIR dye molecules to the tumour site owing to their prolonged blood circulation time and enhanced accumulation within the tumour, as well as their increased fluorescence signal relative to free fluorophore emission and active targeting of cancerous cells. Due to their versatile structure, good biocompatibility and capability to efficiently load dyes and bioconjugate with diverse cancer-targeting ligands, the research area of developing protein-based NPs encapsulated or conjugated with NIR dyes is highly promising but still in its infancy. The current review aims to provide an up-to-date overview on the biocompatibility, specific targeting and versatility offered by protein-based NPs loaded with different classes of NIR dyes as next-generation fluorescent agents. Moreover, this study brings to light the newest and most relevant advances involving the state-of-the-art NIR fluorescent agents for the real-time interventional NIR fluorescence imaging of cancer in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raluca Borlan
- Biomolecular Physics Department, Faculty of Physics, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Cluj, Romania.,Nanobiophotonics and Laser Microspectroscopy Centre, Interdisciplinary Research Institute in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Cluj, Romania
| | - Monica Focsan
- Nanobiophotonics and Laser Microspectroscopy Centre, Interdisciplinary Research Institute in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Cluj, Romania
| | - Dana Maniu
- Biomolecular Physics Department, Faculty of Physics, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Cluj, Romania
| | - Simion Astilean
- Biomolecular Physics Department, Faculty of Physics, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Cluj, Romania.,Nanobiophotonics and Laser Microspectroscopy Centre, Interdisciplinary Research Institute in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Cluj, Romania
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Caulier B, Stofleth G, Hannani D, Guidetti M, Josserand V, Laurin D, Chroboczek J, Mossuz P, Plantaz D. Evaluation of the human type 3 adenoviral dodecahedron as a vector to target acute myeloid leukemia. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2021; 20:181-190. [PMID: 33473357 PMCID: PMC7797482 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2020.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Intensive systemic chemotherapy is the gold standard of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treatment and is associated with considerable off-target toxicities. Safer and targeted delivery systems are thus urgently needed. In this study, we evaluated a virus-like particle derived from the human type 3 adenovirus, called the adenoviral dodecahedron (Dd) to target AML cells. The vectorization of leukemic cells was proved very effective at nanomolar concentrations in a time- and dose-dependent manner, without vector toxicity. The internalization involved clathrin-mediated energy-dependent endocytosis and strongly correlated with the expression of αVβ3 integrin. The treatment of healthy donor peripheral blood mononuclear cells showed a preferential targeting of monocytes compared to lymphocytes and granulocytes. Similarly, monocytes but also AML blasts were the best-vectorized populations in patients while acute lymphoid leukemia blasts were less efficiently targeted. Importantly, AML leukemic stem cells (LSCs) could be addressed. Finally, Dd reached peripheral monocytes and bone marrow hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells following intravenous injection in mice, without excessive spreading in other organs. These findings reveal Dd as a promising myeloid vector especially for therapeutic purposes in AML blasts, LSCs, and progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Caulier
- University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble INP, TIMC-IMAG, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Institute of Biology and Pathology, Laboratory of Cellular Hematology, University Grenoble Alpes Hospital, Grenoble, France
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Gaëlle Stofleth
- Institute of Biology and Pathology, Laboratory of Cellular Hematology, University Grenoble Alpes Hospital, Grenoble, France
- Department of Pediatric Onco-Immuno-Hematology, University Grenoble Alpes Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Dalil Hannani
- University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble INP, TIMC-IMAG, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Mélanie Guidetti
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Véronique Josserand
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - David Laurin
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne Rhône-Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Jadwiga Chroboczek
- University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble INP, TIMC-IMAG, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Pascal Mossuz
- Institute of Biology and Pathology, Laboratory of Cellular Hematology, University Grenoble Alpes Hospital, Grenoble, France
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Dominique Plantaz
- Department of Pediatric Onco-Immuno-Hematology, University Grenoble Alpes Hospital, Grenoble, France
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43
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Go green to protect plants: repurposing the antimicrobial activity of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles to combat phytopathogens. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s41204-021-00103-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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44
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Capacitive Field-Effect Biosensor Studying Adsorption of Tobacco Mosaic Virus Particles. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12010057. [PMID: 33418949 PMCID: PMC7825068 DOI: 10.3390/mi12010057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Plant virus-like particles, and in particular, tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) particles, are increasingly being used in nano- and biotechnology as well as for biochemical sensing purposes as nanoscaffolds for the high-density immobilization of receptor molecules. The sensitive parameters of TMV-assisted biosensors depend, among others, on the density of adsorbed TMV particles on the sensor surface, which is affected by both the adsorption conditions and surface properties of the sensor. In this work, Ta2O5-gate field-effect capacitive sensors have been applied for the label-free electrical detection of TMV adsorption. The impact of the TMV concentration on both the sensor signal and the density of TMV particles adsorbed onto the Ta2O5-gate surface has been studied systematically by means of field-effect and scanning electron microscopy methods. In addition, the surface density of TMV particles loaded under different incubation times has been investigated. Finally, the field-effect sensor also demonstrates the label-free detection of penicillinase immobilization as model bioreceptor on TMV particles.
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45
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Fusciello M, Ylösmäki E, Cerullo V. Viral Nanoparticles: Cancer Vaccines and Immune Modulators. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1295:317-325. [PMID: 33543466 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-58174-9_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In the last decades, viruses have gained great interest in the field of immuno-oncology (I-O) for their ability of interacting both with the immune system and the tumour microenvironment. Those pathogens have naturally evolved and been evolutionary to specifically infect hosts, replicate, deliver their genome, and spread. These properties, initially considered a disadvantage, have been investigated and edited to turn viruses into precious allies for molecular biology serving as gene therapy vectors, adjuvants for the immune system, drug cargos, and, lately, anticancer therapeutics. As anticancer drug, one interesting option is viral engineering. Modification of either the viral genome or the outer shell of viruses can change infectivity and tissue targeting and add new functions to the viral particle. Remarkably, in the field of cancer virotherapy, scientists realized that a specific viral genomic depletion would turn the normal tropism of viruses to conditionally replicate in cancer cells only. This category of viruses, named 'Oncolytic viruses', have been investigated and used for cancer treatment in the past decades resulting in the approval of the first oncolytic virus, a herpes simplex virus expressing a stimulating factor, named T-Vec, in 2015. As such, oncolytic viruses achieved positive outcome but still are not able to completely eradicate the disease. This has brought the scientific community to edit those agents, adding to their ability to directly lysate cancer cells, few modifications to mainly boost their interaction with the immune system. Viruses experienced then a renaissance not only as infecting agent but as nanoparticle and cancer vaccines too. These strategies bring new life to the concept of using viruses as viral particles for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manlio Fusciello
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences and Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship (iCAN), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Erkko Ylösmäki
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences and Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship (iCAN), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vincenzo Cerullo
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences and Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship (iCAN), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. .,Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology and CEINGE, Naples University Federico II, Naples, Italy.
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46
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Zhang Q, Wu W, Zhang J, Xia X. Merits of the 'good' viruses: the potential of virus-based therapeutics. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2020; 21:731-740. [PMID: 33322950 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2021.1865304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Although viruses have generally been considered as pathogens ever since their discovery, recent research has revealed that they might assume a more important role in the survival and evolution of their hosts. Besides this, they also hold the potential as therapies for the treatment of infections, cancers, and other diseases, with several of them already commercially available on the market. In this review, we will focus on the use of different viruses for treating diseases.Areas covered: This is a comprehensive review of the application of viruses or virus-based strategies (including bacteriophages, oncolytic viruses, viral vector-based delivery, virus-like particles, and virosomes) for therapeutic purposes. The article provides an overview of the status quo of currently available virus-based therapeutics.Expert Opinion: The efficacy of virus-based therapies has been emphasized repeatedly in the clinical trials for virotherapy, gene delivery, and virus-like particles (VLPs), with multiple therapeutics approved and marketed. Compared with chemical and biological drugs, viruses represent a unique 'research niche.' As more virus-based therapeutics are moving down the pipeline, we shall expect to see a more diversified collection of related products being recognized and applied in clinical settings in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyu Zhang
- Innovative Drug Research Centre (IDRC), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Wen Wu
- Innovative Drug Research Centre (IDRC), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Jinqiang Zhang
- Innovative Drug Research Centre (IDRC), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Xuefeng Xia
- Innovative Drug Research Centre (IDRC), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, P. R. China
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47
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Kelly MP, Napolitano T, Anand P, Ho JSK, Jabeen S, Kuppan J, Manir S, Holford M. Induced Disassembly of a Virus-like Particle under Physiological Conditions for Venom Peptide Delivery. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 32:111-120. [PMID: 33306347 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) show considerable promise for the in vivo delivery of therapeutic compounds such as bioactive venom peptides. While loading and targeting protocols have been developed for numerous VLP prototypes, induced disassembly under physiological conditions of neutral pH, moderate temperature, and aqueous medium remain a challenge. Here, we implement and evaluate a general mechanism, based on ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP), for controllable VLP disassembly. This mechanism is independent of cell-specific factors or the manipulation of environmental conditions such as pH and temperature that cannot be readily controlled in vivo. The ROMP substrate norbornene is covalently conjugated to surface-exposed lysine residues of a P22 bacteriophage-derived VLP, and ROMP is induced by treatment with the water-soluble ruthenium catalyst AquaMet. Disruption of the P22 shell and release of a GFP reporter is confirmed via native agarose electrophoresis, TEM, and dynamic light scattering (DLS) analyses. Our ROMP disassembly strategy does not depend on the particular structure or morphology of the P22 nanocontainer and is adaptable to other VLP prototypes for the potential delivery of venom peptides for pharmacological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Patrick Kelly
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College, 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States.,The Ph.D. Programs in Biochemistry, Chemistry and Biology Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 5th Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Tanya Napolitano
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College, 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States.,The Ph.D. Programs in Biochemistry, Chemistry and Biology Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 5th Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Prachi Anand
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College, 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Justin S K Ho
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College, 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Shakeela Jabeen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College, 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States.,The Ph.D. Programs in Biochemistry, Chemistry and Biology Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 5th Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Jessica Kuppan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College, 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Sujoy Manir
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College, 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Mandë Holford
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College, 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States.,The Ph.D. Programs in Biochemistry, Chemistry and Biology Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 5th Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States.,Department of Invertebrate Zoology, The American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York 10024, United States.,Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, 413 E. 69th Street, New York, New York 10021, United States
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48
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Syed Najmuddin SUF, Amin ZM, Tan SW, Yeap SK, Kalyanasundram J, Veerakumarasivam A, Chan SC, Chia SL, Yusoff K, Alitheen NB. Oncolytic effects of the recombinant Newcastle disease virus, rAF-IL12, against colon cancer cells in vitro and in tumor-challenged NCr-Foxn1nu nude mice. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9761. [PMID: 33354412 PMCID: PMC7731658 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer remains one of the main cancers causing death in men and women worldwide as certain colon cancer subtypes are resistant to conventional treatments and the development of new cancer therapies remains elusive. Alternative modalities such as the use of viral-based therapeutic cancer vaccine is still limited, with only the herpes simplex virus (HSV) expressing granulocyte-macrophage colony- stimulating factor (GM-CSF) or talimogene laherparepvec (T-Vec) being approved in the USA and Europe so far. Therefore, it is imperative to continue the search for a new treatment modality. This current study evaluates a combinatorial therapy between the oncolytic Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and interleukin-12 (IL-12) cytokine as a potential therapeutic vaccine to the current anti-cancer drugs. Several in vitro analyses such as MTT assay, Annexin V/FITC flow cytometry, and cell cycle assay were performed to evaluate the cytotoxicity effect of recombinant NDV, rAF-IL12. Meanwhile, serum cytokine, serum biochemical, histopathology of organs and TUNEL assay were carried out to assess the anti-tumoral effects of rAF-IL12 in HT29 tumor-challenged nude mice. The apoptosis mechanism underlying the effect of rAF-IL12 treatment was also investigated using NanoString Gene expression analysis. The recombinant NDV, rAF-IL12 replicated in HT29 colon cancer cells as did its parental virus, AF2240-i. The rAF-IL12 treatment had slightly better cytotoxicity effects towards HT29 cancer cells when compared to the AF2240-i as revealed by the MTT, Annexin V FITC and cell cycle assay. Meanwhile, the 28-day treatment with rAF-IL12 had significantly (p < 0.05) perturbed the growth and progression of HT29 tumor in NCr-Foxn1nu nude mice when compared to the untreated and parental wild-type NDV strain AF2240-i. The rAF-IL12 also modulated the immune system in nude mice by significantly (p < 0.05) increased the level of IL-2, IL-12, and IFN-γ cytokines. Treatment with rAF-IL12 had also significantly (p < 0.05) increased the expression level of apoptosis-related genes such as Fas, caspase-8, BID, BAX, Smad3 and granzyme B in vitro and in vivo. Besides, rAF-IL12 intra-tumoral delivery was considered safe and was not hazardous to the host as evidenced in pathophysiology of the normal tissues and organs of the mice as well as from the serum biochemistry profile of liver and kidney. Therefore, this study proves that rAF-IL12 had better cytotoxicity effects than its parental AF2240-i and could potentially be an ideal treatment for colon cancer in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zahiah Mohamed Amin
- Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.,Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Sheau Wei Tan
- Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.,Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | | | | | | | | | - Suet Lin Chia
- Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.,Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Khatijah Yusoff
- Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.,Malaysian Genome Institute, National Institute of Biotechnology Malaysia, Kajang, Malaysia
| | - Noorjahan Banu Alitheen
- Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.,Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
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49
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Zenych A, Fournier L, Chauvierre C. Nanomedicine progress in thrombolytic therapy. Biomaterials 2020; 258:120297. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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50
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Eleftheriadou D, Kesidou D, Moura F, Felli E, Song W. Redox-Responsive Nanobiomaterials-Based Therapeutics for Neurodegenerative Diseases. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1907308. [PMID: 32940007 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201907308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Redox regulation has recently been proposed as a critical intracellular mechanism affecting cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation. Redox homeostasis has also been implicated in a variety of degenerative neurological disorders such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. In fact, it is hypothesized that markers of oxidative stress precede pathologic lesions in Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases. Several therapeutic approaches have been suggested so far to improve the endogenous defense against oxidative stress and its harmful effects. Among such approaches, the use of artificial antioxidant systems has gained increased popularity as an effective strategy. Nanoscale drug delivery systems loaded with enzymes, bioinspired catalytic nanoparticles and other nanomaterials have emerged as promising candidates. The development of degradable hydrogels scaffolds with antioxidant effects could also enable scientists to positively influence cell fate. This current review summarizes nanobiomaterial-based approaches for redox regulation and their potential applications as central nervous system neurodegenerative disease treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despoina Eleftheriadou
- UCL Centre for Biomaterials in Surgical Reconstruction and Regeneration, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London, NW3 2PF, UK
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
- UCL Centre for Nerve Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Despoina Kesidou
- UCL Centre for Biomaterials in Surgical Reconstruction and Regeneration, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London, NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Francisco Moura
- UCL Centre for Biomaterials in Surgical Reconstruction and Regeneration, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London, NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Eric Felli
- UCL Centre for Biomaterials in Surgical Reconstruction and Regeneration, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London, NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Wenhui Song
- UCL Centre for Biomaterials in Surgical Reconstruction and Regeneration, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London, NW3 2PF, UK
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