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Yu G, Zhang L, Xue H, Chen Y, Liu X, Del Pozo JC, Zhao C, Lozano-Duran R, Macho AP. Cell wall-mediated root development is targeted by a soil-borne bacterial pathogen to promote infection. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114179. [PMID: 38691455 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant pathogens manipulate host development, facilitating colonization and proliferation. Ralstonia solanacearum is a soil-borne bacterial pathogen that penetrates roots and colonizes plants through the vascular system, causing wilting and death. Here, we find that RipAC, an effector protein from R. solanacearum, alters root development in Arabidopsis, promoting the formation of lateral roots and root hairs. RipAC interacts with CELLULOSE SYNTHASE (CESA)-INTERACTIVE PROTEIN 1 (CSI1), which regulates the activity of CESA complexes at the plasma membrane. RipAC disrupts CESA-CSI1 interaction, leading to a reduction in cellulose content, root developmental alterations, and a promotion of bacterial pathogenicity. We find that CSI1 also associates with the receptor kinase FERONIA, forming a complex that negatively regulates immunity in roots; this interaction, however, is not affected by RipAC. Our work reveals a bacterial virulence strategy that selectively affects the activities of a host target, promoting anatomical alterations that facilitate infection without causing activation of immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Yu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Lu Zhang
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Xue
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yujiao Chen
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Juan C Del Pozo
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM-INIA/CSIC), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria-CSIC (INIA/CSIC), Campus Montegancedo, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
| | - Chunzhao Zhao
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China
| | - Rosa Lozano-Duran
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China
| | - Alberto P Macho
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China.
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2
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Bao R, Zeng C, Li K, Li M, Li Y, Zhou X, Wang H, Wang Y, Huang D, Wang W, Chen X. MeGT2.6 increases cellulose synthesis and active gibberellin content to promote cell enlargement in cassava. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38805573 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Cassava, a pivotal tropical crop, exhibits rapid growth and possesses a substantial biomass. Its stem is rich in cellulose and serves as a crucial carbohydrate storage organ. The height and strength of stems restrict the mechanised operation and propagation of cassava. In this study, the triple helix transcription factor MeGT2.6 was identified through yeast one-hybrid assay using MeCesA1pro as bait, which is critical for cellulose synthesis. Over-expression and loss-of-function lines were generated, and results revealed that MeGT2.6 could promote a significant increase in the plant height, stem diameter, cell size and thickness of SCW of cassava plant. Specifically, MeGT2.6 upregulated the transcription activity of MeGA20ox1 and downregulated the expression level of MeGA2ox1, thereby enhancing the content of active GA3, resulting in a large cell size, high plant height and long stem diameter in cassava. Moreover, MeGT2.6 upregulated the transcription activity of MeCesA1, which promoted the synthesis of cellulose and hemicellulose and produced a thick secondary cell wall. Finally, MeGT2.6 could help supply additional substrates for the synthesis of cellulose and hemicellulose by upregulating the invertase genes (MeNINV1/6). Thus, MeGT2.6 was found to be a multiple regulator; it was involved in GA metabolism and sucrose decomposition and the synthesis of cellulose and hemicellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruxue Bao
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University/National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Sanya, 572025, Hainan, China
| | - Changying Zeng
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University/National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Sanya, 572025, Hainan, China
| | - Ke Li
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University/National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Sanya, 572025, Hainan, China
| | - Mengtao Li
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University/National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Sanya, 572025, Hainan, China
| | - Yajun Li
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
- Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
| | - Xincheng Zhou
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University/National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Sanya, 572025, Hainan, China
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
- Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
- Sanya Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, 572025, Hainan, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
- Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
| | - Yajie Wang
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
- Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
- Sanya Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, 572025, Hainan, China
| | - Dongyi Huang
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University/National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Sanya, 572025, Hainan, China
| | - Wenquan Wang
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University/National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Sanya, 572025, Hainan, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University/National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Sanya, 572025, Hainan, China
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
- Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
- Sanya Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, 572025, Hainan, China
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3
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Pei Y, Xue Q, Shu P, Xu W, Du X, Wu M, Liu K, Pirrello J, Bouzayen M, Hong Y, Liu M. Bifunctional transcription factors SlERF.H5 and H7 activate cell wall and repress gibberellin biosynthesis genes in tomato via a conserved motif. Dev Cell 2024; 59:1345-1359.e6. [PMID: 38579721 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
The plant cell wall is a dynamic structure that plays an essential role in development, but the mechanism regulating cell wall formation remains poorly understood. We demonstrate that two transcription factors, SlERF.H5 and SlERF.H7, control cell wall formation and tomato fruit firmness in an additive manner. Knockout of SlERF.H5, SlERF.H7, or both genes decreased cell wall thickness, firmness, and cellulose contents in fruits during early development, especially in double-knockout lines. Overexpressing either gene resulted in thicker cell walls and greater fruit firmness with elevated cellulose levels in fruits but severely dwarf plants with lower gibberellin contents. We further identified that SlERF.H5 and SlERF.H7 activate the cellulose biosynthesis gene SlCESA3 but repress the gibberellin biosynthesis gene GA20ox1. Moreover, we identified a conserved LPL motif in these ERFs responsible for their activities as transcriptional activators and repressors, providing insight into how bifunctional transcription factors modulate distinct developmental processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangang Pei
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Qihan Xue
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Peng Shu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Weijie Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaofei Du
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Mengbo Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Kaidong Liu
- Life Science and Technology School, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, China
| | - Julien Pirrello
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales-Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits-UMR5546, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse-INP, Toulouse, France
| | - Mondher Bouzayen
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales-Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits-UMR5546, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse-INP, Toulouse, France
| | - Yiguo Hong
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Warwick CV4 7AL, UK; State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Mingchun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China.
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4
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Ge S, Sun P, Wu W, Chen X, Wang Y, Zhang M, Huang J, Liang YK. COBL7 is required for stomatal formation via regulation of cellulose deposition in Arabidopsis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:227-242. [PMID: 37853545 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
As a key regulator of plant photosynthesis, water use efficiency and immunity, stomata are specialized cellular structures that adopt defined shapes. However, our knowledge about the genetic players of stomatal pore formation and stomatal morphogenesis remains limited. Forward genetic screening, positional cloning, confocal and electron microscopy, physiological and pharmacological assays were employed for isolation and characterization of mutants and genes. We identified a mutant, dsm1, with impaired cytokinesis and deformed stomata. DSM1 is highly expressed in guard mother cells and guard cells, and encodes COBRA-LIKE 7 (COBL7), a plant-specific glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored protein. COBRA-LIKE 7 and its closest homologue, COBL8, are first enriched on the forming cell plates during cytokinesis, and then their subcellular distribution and abundance change are correlated with the progressive stages of stomatal pore formation. Both COBL7 and COBL8 possess an ability to bind cellulose. Perturbing the expression of COBL7 and COBL8 leads to a decrease in cellulose content and inhibition of stomatal pore development. Moreover, we found that COBL7, COBL8 and CSLD5 have synergistic effects on stomatal development and plant growth. Our findings reveal that COBL7 plays a predominant and functionally redundant role with COBL8 in stomatal formation through regulating cellulose deposition and ventral wall modification in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengchao Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Pengyue Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Wenjuan Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Xinhang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yifei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jirong Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Yun-Kuan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
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5
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Zhang L, Sasaki-Sekimoto Y, Kosetsu K, Aoyama T, Murata T, Kabeya Y, Sato Y, Koshimizu S, Shimojima M, Ohta H, Hasebe M, Ishikawa M. An ABCB transporter regulates anisotropic cell expansion via cuticle deposition in the moss Physcomitrium patens. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:665-675. [PMID: 37865886 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Anisotropic cell expansion is crucial for the morphogenesis of land plants, as cell migration is restricted by the rigid cell wall. The anisotropy of cell expansion is regulated by mechanisms acting on the deposition or modification of cell wall polysaccharides. Besides the polysaccharide components in the cell wall, a layer of hydrophobic cuticle covers the outer cell wall and is subjected to tensile stress that mechanically restricts cell expansion. However, the molecular machinery that deposits cuticle materials in the appropriate spatiotemporal manner to accommodate cell and tissue expansion remains elusive. Here, we report that PpABCB14, an ATP-binding cassette transporter in the moss Physcomitrium patens, regulates the anisotropy of cell expansion. PpABCB14 localized to expanding regions of leaf cells. Deletion of PpABCB14 resulted in impaired anisotropic cell expansion. Unexpectedly, the cuticle proper was reduced in the mutants, and the cuticular lipid components decreased. Moreover, induced PpABCB14 expression resulted in deformed leaf cells with increased cuticle lipid accumulation on the cell surface. Taken together, PpABCB14 regulates the anisotropy of cell expansion via cuticle deposition, revealing a regulatory mechanism for cell expansion in addition to the mechanisms acting on cell wall polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liechi Zhang
- National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
- School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Yuko Sasaki-Sekimoto
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan
| | - Ken Kosetsu
- National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Aoyama
- National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Takashi Murata
- National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
- School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Yukiko Kabeya
- National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Yoshikatsu Sato
- National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | | | - Mie Shimojima
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ohta
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan
| | - Mitsuyasu Hasebe
- National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
- School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Masaki Ishikawa
- National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
- School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
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6
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Li W, Lin YCJ, Chen YL, Zhou C, Li S, De Ridder N, Oliveira DM, Zhang L, Zhang B, Wang JP, Xu C, Fu X, Luo K, Wu AM, Demura T, Lu MZ, Zhou Y, Li L, Umezawa T, Boerjan W, Chiang VL. Woody plant cell walls: Fundamentals and utilization. MOLECULAR PLANT 2024; 17:112-140. [PMID: 38102833 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2023.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Cell walls in plants, particularly forest trees, are the major carbon sink of the terrestrial ecosystem. Chemical and biosynthetic features of plant cell walls were revealed early on, focusing mostly on herbaceous model species. Recent developments in genomics, transcriptomics, epigenomics, transgenesis, and associated analytical techniques are enabling novel insights into formation of woody cell walls. Here, we review multilevel regulation of cell wall biosynthesis in forest tree species. We highlight current approaches to engineering cell walls as potential feedstock for materials and energy and survey reported field tests of such engineered transgenic trees. We outline opportunities and challenges in future research to better understand cell type biogenesis for more efficient wood cell wall modification and utilization for biomaterials or for enhanced carbon capture and storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | | | - Ying-Lan Chen
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, China
| | - Chenguang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Shuang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Nette De Ridder
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dyoni M Oliveira
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lanjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Baocai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jack P Wang
- Forest Biotechnology Group, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Changzheng Xu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiaokang Fu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Keming Luo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ai-Min Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architectures, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Taku Demura
- Center for Digital Green-innovation, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Meng-Zhu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yihua Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Laigeng Li
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Toshiaki Umezawa
- Laboratory of Metabolic Science of Forest Plants and Microorganisms, Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Wout Boerjan
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Vincent L Chiang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Forest Biotechnology Group, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
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7
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Liu X, Ma Z, Tran TM, Rautengarten C, Cheng Y, Yang L, Ebert B, Persson S, Miao Y. Balanced callose and cellulose biosynthesis in Arabidopsis quorum-sensing signaling and pattern-triggered immunity. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 194:137-152. [PMID: 37647538 PMCID: PMC10756761 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The plant cell wall (CW) is one of the most important physical barriers that phytopathogens must conquer to invade their hosts. This barrier is a dynamic structure that responds to pathogen infection through a complex network of immune receptors, together with CW-synthesizing and CW-degrading enzymes. Callose deposition in the primary CW is a well-known physical response to pathogen infection. Notably, callose and cellulose biosynthesis share an initial substrate, UDP-glucose, which is the main load-bearing component of the CW. However, how these 2 critical biosynthetic processes are balanced during plant-pathogen interactions remains unclear. Here, using 2 different pathogen-derived molecules, bacterial flagellin (flg22) and the diffusible signal factor (DSF) produced by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, we show a negative correlation between cellulose and callose biosynthesis in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). By quantifying the abundance of callose and cellulose under DSF or flg22 elicitation and characterizing the dynamics of the enzymes involved in the biosynthesis and degradation of these 2 polymers, we show that the balance of these 2 CW components is mediated by the activity of a β-1,3-glucanase (BG2). Our data demonstrate balanced cellulose and callose biosynthesis during plant immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Liu
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Zhiming Ma
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Tuan Minh Tran
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
- Department of Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
| | - Carsten Rautengarten
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum 44810, Germany
| | - Yingying Cheng
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Liang Yang
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Berit Ebert
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum 44810, Germany
| | - Staffan Persson
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences (PLEN), University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, SJTU-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yansong Miao
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
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8
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Frka-Petesic B, Parton TG, Honorato-Rios C, Narkevicius A, Ballu K, Shen Q, Lu Z, Ogawa Y, Haataja JS, Droguet BE, Parker RM, Vignolini S. Structural Color from Cellulose Nanocrystals or Chitin Nanocrystals: Self-Assembly, Optics, and Applications. Chem Rev 2023; 123:12595-12756. [PMID: 38011110 PMCID: PMC10729353 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Widespread concerns over the impact of human activity on the environment have resulted in a desire to replace artificial functional materials with naturally derived alternatives. As such, polysaccharides are drawing increasing attention due to offering a renewable, biodegradable, and biocompatible feedstock for functional nanomaterials. In particular, nanocrystals of cellulose and chitin have emerged as versatile and sustainable building blocks for diverse applications, ranging from mechanical reinforcement to structural coloration. Much of this interest arises from the tendency of these colloidally stable nanoparticles to self-organize in water into a lyotropic cholesteric liquid crystal, which can be readily manipulated in terms of its periodicity, structure, and geometry. Importantly, this helicoidal ordering can be retained into the solid-state, offering an accessible route to complex nanostructured films, coatings, and particles. In this review, the process of forming iridescent, structurally colored films from suspensions of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) is summarized and the mechanisms underlying the chemical and physical phenomena at each stage in the process explored. Analogy is then drawn with chitin nanocrystals (ChNCs), allowing for key differences to be critically assessed and strategies toward structural coloration to be presented. Importantly, the progress toward translating this technology from academia to industry is summarized, with unresolved scientific and technical questions put forward as challenges to the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Frka-Petesic
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
- International
Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter (WPI-SKCM), Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Thomas G. Parton
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Camila Honorato-Rios
- Department
of Sustainable and Bio-inspired Materials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Aurimas Narkevicius
- B
CUBE − Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Kevin Ballu
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Qingchen Shen
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Zihao Lu
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Yu Ogawa
- CERMAV-CNRS,
CS40700, 38041 Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | - Johannes S. Haataja
- Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University School
of Science, P.O. Box
15100, Aalto, Espoo FI-00076, Finland
| | - Benjamin E. Droguet
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Richard M. Parker
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Vignolini
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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9
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Choi J, Makarem M, Lee C, Lee J, Kiemle S, Cosgrove DJ, Kim SH. Tissue-specific directionality of cellulose synthase complex movement inferred from cellulose microfibril polarity in secondary cell walls of Arabidopsis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22007. [PMID: 38086837 PMCID: PMC10716418 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48545-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In plant cells, cellulose synthase complexes (CSCs) are nanoscale machines that synthesize and extrude crystalline cellulose microfibrils (CMFs) into the apoplast where CMFs are assembled with other matrix polymers into specific structures. We report the tissue-specific directionality of CSC movements of the xylem and interfascicular fiber walls of Arabidopsis stems, inferred from the polarity of CMFs determined using vibrational sum frequency generation spectroscopy. CMFs in xylems are deposited in an unidirectionally biased pattern with their alignment axes tilted about 25° off the stem axis, while interfascicular fibers are bidirectional and highly aligned along the longitudinal axis of the stem. These structures are compatible with the design of fiber-reinforced composites for tubular conduit and support pillar, respectively, suggesting that during cell development, CSC movement is regulated to produce wall structures optimized for cell-specific functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juseok Choi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Mohamadamin Makarem
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Chonghan Lee
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Jongcheol Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Sarah Kiemle
- Materials Characterization Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Daniel J Cosgrove
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Seong H Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
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10
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Asemoloye MD, Bello TS, Oladoye PO, Remilekun Gbadamosi M, Babarinde SO, Ebenezer Adebami G, Olowe OM, Temporiti MEE, Wanek W, Marchisio MA. Engineered yeasts and lignocellulosic biomaterials: shaping a new dimension for biorefinery and global bioeconomy. Bioengineered 2023; 14:2269328. [PMID: 37850721 PMCID: PMC10586088 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2023.2269328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The next milestone of synthetic biology research relies on the development of customized microbes for specific industrial purposes. Metabolic pathways of an organism, for example, depict its chemical repertoire and its genetic makeup. If genes controlling such pathways can be identified, scientists can decide to enhance or rewrite them for different purposes depending on the organism and the desired metabolites. The lignocellulosic biorefinery has achieved good progress over the past few years with potential impact on global bioeconomy. This principle aims to produce different bio-based products like biochemical(s) or biofuel(s) from plant biomass under microbial actions. Meanwhile, yeasts have proven very useful for different biotechnological applications. Hence, their potentials in genetic/metabolic engineering can be fully explored for lignocellulosic biorefineries. For instance, the secretion of enzymes above the natural limit (aided by genetic engineering) would speed-up the down-line processes in lignocellulosic biorefineries and the cost. Thus, the next milestone would greatly require the development of synthetic yeasts with much more efficient metabolic capacities to achieve basic requirements for particular biorefinery. This review gave comprehensive overview of lignocellulosic biomaterials and their importance in bioeconomy. Many researchers have demonstrated the engineering of several ligninolytic enzymes in heterologous yeast hosts. However, there are still many factors needing to be well understood like the secretion time, titter value, thermal stability, pH tolerance, and reactivity of the recombinant enzymes. Here, we give a detailed account of the potentials of engineered yeasts being discussed, as well as the constraints associated with their development and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Dare Asemoloye
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, Nankai District, China
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tunde Sheriffdeen Bello
- Department of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Federal University of Technology Minna, Minna Niger State, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Segun Oladiran Babarinde
- Department of Plant, Food and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | - Olumayowa Mary Olowe
- Food Security and Safety Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Mail Bag, Mmabatho, South Africa
| | | | - Wolfgang Wanek
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mario Andrea Marchisio
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, Nankai District, China
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11
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Mirzayeva S, Huseynova I, Özmen CY, Ergül A. Physiology and Gene Expression Analysis of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Exposed to Combined-Virus and Drought Stresses. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 39:466-485. [PMID: 37817493 PMCID: PMC10580053 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.07.2023.0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Crop productivity can be obstructed by various biotic and abiotic stresses and thus these stresses are a threat to universal food security. The information on the use of viruses providing efficacy to plants facing growth challenges owing to stress is lacking. The role of induction of pathogen-related genes by microbes is also colossal in drought-endurance acquisition. Studies put forward the importance of viruses as sustainable means for defending plants against dual stress. A fundamental part of research focuses on a positive interplay between viruses and plants. Notably, the tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) and tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) possess the capacity to safeguard tomato host plants against severe drought conditions. This study aims to explore the combined effects of TYLCV, ToCV, and drought stress on two tomato cultivars, Money Maker (MK, UK) and Shalala (SH, Azerbaijan). The expression of pathogen-related four cellulose synthase gene families (CesA/Csl) which have been implicated in drought and virus resistance based on gene expression analysis, was assessed using the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction method. The molecular tests revealed significant upregulation of Ces-A2, Csl-D3,2, and Csl-D3,1 genes in TYLCV and ToCV-infected tomato plants. CesA/Csl genes, responsible for biosynthesis within the MK and SH tomato cultivars, play a role in defending against TYLCV and ToCV. Additionally, physiological parameters such as "relative water content," "specific leaf weight," "leaf area," and "dry biomass" were measured in dual-stressed tomatoes. Using these features, it might be possible to cultivate TYLCV-resistant plants during seasons characterized by water scarcity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samra Mirzayeva
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnologies, Ministry of Science and Education of Azerbaijan Republic, Baku AZ1073, Azerbaijan
| | - Irada Huseynova
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnologies, Ministry of Science and Education of Azerbaijan Republic, Baku AZ1073, Azerbaijan
| | | | - Ali Ergül
- Biotechnology Institute, Ankara University, Ankara 06135, Turkey
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12
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Sajjad M, Ahmad A, Riaz MW, Hussain Q, Yasir M, Lu M. Recent genome resequencing paraded COBRA- Like gene family roles in abiotic stress and wood formation in Poplar. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1242836. [PMID: 37780503 PMCID: PMC10540467 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1242836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
A cell wall determines the mechanical properties of a cell, serves as a barrier against plant stresses, and allows cell division and growth processes. The COBRA-Like (COBL) gene family encodes a putative glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored protein that controls cellulose deposition and cell progression in plants by contributing to the microfibril orientation of a cell wall. Despite being studied in different plant species, there is a dearth of the comprehensive global analysis of COBL genes in poplar. Poplar is employed as a model woody plant to study abiotic stresses and biomass production in tree research. Improved genome resequencing has enabled the comprehensive exploration of the evolution and functional capacities of PtrCOBLs (Poplar COBRA-Like genes) in poplar. Phylogeny analysis has discerned and classified PtrCOBLs into two groups resembling the Arabidopsis COBL family, and group I genes possess longer proteins but have fewer exons than group II. Analysis of gene structure and motifs revealed PtrCOBLs maintained a rather stable motif and exon-intron pattern across members of the same group. Synteny and collinearity analyses exhibited that the evolution of the COBL gene family was heavily influenced by gene duplication events. PtrCOBL genes have undergone both segmental duplication and tandem duplication, followed by purifying selection. Promotor analysis flaunted various phytohormone-, growth- and stress-related cis-elements (e.g., MYB, ABA, MeJA, SA, AuxR, and ATBP1). Likewise, 29 Ptr-miRNAs of 20 families were found targeting 11 PtrCOBL genes. PtrCOBLs were found localized at the plasma membrane and extracellular matrix, while gene ontology analysis showed their involvement in plant development, plant growth, stress response, cellulose biosynthesis, and cell wall biogenesis. RNA-seq datasets depicted the bulk of PtrCOBL genes expression being found in plant stem tissues and leaves, rendering mechanical strength and rejoinders to environmental cues. PtrCOBL2, 3, 10, and 11 manifested the highest expression in vasculature and abiotic stress, and resemblant expression trends were upheld by qRT-PCR. Co-expression network analysis identified PtrCOBL2 and PtrCOBL3 as hub genes across all abiotic stresses and wood developing tissues. The current study reports regulating roles of PtrCOBLs in xylem differentiating tissues, tension wood formation, and abiotic stress latency that lay the groundwork for future functional studies of the PtrCOBL genes in poplar breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sajjad
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Adeel Ahmad
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Muhammad Waheed Riaz
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resource Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Quaid Hussain
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Muhammad Yasir
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meng‐Zhu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
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13
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Wang C, Cheng H, Xu W, Xue J, Hua X, Tong G, Ma X, Yang C, Lan X, Shen SY, Yang Z, Huang J, Cheng Y. Arabidopsis pollen-specific glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase-like genes are essential for pollen tube tip growth. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 65:2001-2017. [PMID: 37014030 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
In angiosperms, pollen tube growth is critical for double fertilization and seed formation. Many of the factors involved in pollen tube tip growth are unknown. Here, we report the roles of pollen-specific GLYCEROPHOSPHODIESTER PHOSPHODIESTERASE-LIKE (GDPD-LIKE) genes in pollen tube tip growth. Arabidopsis thaliana GDPD-LIKE6 (AtGDPDL6) and AtGDPDL7 were specifically expressed in mature pollen grains and pollen tubes and green fluorescent protein (GFP)-AtGDPDL6 and GFP-AtGDPDL7 fusion proteins were enriched at the plasma membrane at the apex of forming pollen tubes. Atgdpdl6 Atgdpdl7 double mutants displayed severe sterility that was rescued by genetic complementation with AtGDPDL6 or AtGDPDL7. This sterility was associated with defective male gametophytic transmission. Atgdpdl6 Atgdpdl7 pollen tubes burst immediately after initiation of pollen germination in vitro and in vivo, consistent with the thin and fragile walls in their tips. Cellulose deposition was greatly reduced along the mutant pollen tube tip walls, and the localization of pollen-specific CELLULOSE SYNTHASE-LIKE D1 (CSLD1) and CSLD4 was impaired to the apex of mutant pollen tubes. A rice pollen-specific GDPD-LIKE protein also contributed to pollen tube tip growth, suggesting that members of this family have conserved functions in angiosperms. Thus, pollen-specific GDPD-LIKEs mediate pollen tube tip growth, possibly by modulating cellulose deposition in pollen tube walls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Wenjing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Jingshi Xue
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Xinguo Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Guimin Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Xujun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Chuanping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Xingguo Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Shi-Yi Shen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Zhongnan Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Jirong Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Yuxiang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
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14
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Feng K, Li X, Yan Y, Liu R, Li Z, Sun N, Yang Z, Zhao S, Wu P, Li L. Integrated morphological, metabolome, and transcriptome analyses revealed the mechanism of exogenous gibberellin promoting petiole elongation in Oenanthe javanica. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1225635. [PMID: 37528973 PMCID: PMC10389089 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1225635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Oenanthe javanica (Blume) DC. is a popular vegetable with unique flavor and its leaf is the main product organ. Gibberellin (GA) is an important plant hormone that plays vital roles in regulating the growth of plants. In this study, the plants of water dropwort were treated with different concentrations of GA3. The plant height of water dropwort was significantly increased after GA3 treatment. Anatomical structure analysis indicated that the cell length of water dropwort was elongated under exogenous application of GA3. The metabolome analysis showed flavonoids were the most abundant metabolites and the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites were also regulated by GA3. The exogenous application of GA3 altered the gene expressions of plant hormone signal transduction (GID and DELLA) and metabolites biosynthesis pathways to regulate the growth of water dropwort. The GA contents were modulated by up-regulating the expression of GA metabolism gene GA2ox. The differentially expressed genes related to cell wall formation were significantly enriched. A total of 22 cellulose synthase involved in cellulose biosynthesis were identified from the genome of water dropwort. Our results indicated that GA treatment promoted the cell elongation by inducing the expression of cellulose synthase and cell wall formation in water dropwort. These results revealed the molecular mechanism of GA-mediated cell elongation, which will provide valuable reference for using GA to regulate the growth of water dropwort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Feng
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xibei Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yajie Yan
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ruozhenyi Liu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zixuan Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Nan Sun
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyuan Yang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shuping Zhao
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Peng Wu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Liangjun Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri−Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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15
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Dang Z, Wang Y, Wang M, Cao L, Ruan N, Huang Y, Li F, Xu Q, Chen W. The Fragile culm19 (FC19) mutation largely improves plant lodging resistance, biomass saccharification, and cadmium resistance by remodeling cell walls in rice. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 458:132020. [PMID: 37429191 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Cell wall is essential for plant upright growth, biomass saccharification, and stress resistance. Although cell wall modification is suggested as an effective means to increase biomass saccharification, it is a challenge to maintain normal plant growth with improved mechanical strength and stress resistance. Here, we reported two independent fragile culm mutants, fc19-1 and fc19-2, resulting from novel mutations of OsIRX10, produced by the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Compared to wild-type, the two mutants exhibited reduced contents of xylose, hemicellulose, and cellulose, and increased arabinose and lignin without significant alteration in levels of pectin and uronic acids. Despite brittleness, the mutants displayed increased breaking force, leading to improved lodging resistance. Furthermore, the altered cell wall and increased biomass porosity in fc19 largely increased biomass saccharification. Notably, the mutants showed enhanced cadmium (Cd) resistance with lower Cd accumulation in roots and shoots. The FC19 mutation impacts transcriptional levels of key genes contributing to Cd uptake, sequestration, and translocation. Moreover, transcriptome analysis revealed that the FC19 mutation resulted in alterations of genes mainly involved in carbohydrate and phenylpropanoid metabolism. Therefore, a hypothetic model was proposed to elucidate that the FC19 mutation-mediated cell wall remodeling leads to improvements in lodging resistance, biomass saccharification, and Cd resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengjun Dang
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Northern geng Super Rice Breeding, Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Ye Wang
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Northern geng Super Rice Breeding, Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Meihan Wang
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Northern geng Super Rice Breeding, Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Liyu Cao
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Northern geng Super Rice Breeding, Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Nan Ruan
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Northern geng Super Rice Breeding, Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yuwei Huang
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Northern geng Super Rice Breeding, Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Fengcheng Li
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Northern geng Super Rice Breeding, Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Quan Xu
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Northern geng Super Rice Breeding, Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Wenfu Chen
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Northern geng Super Rice Breeding, Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110866, China
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16
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Huang L, Zhang W, Li X, Staiger CJ, Zhang C. Point mutations in the catalytic domain disrupt cellulose synthase (CESA6) vesicle trafficking and protein dynamics. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:2654-2677. [PMID: 37043544 PMCID: PMC10291031 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose, the main component of the plant cell wall, is synthesized by the multimeric cellulose synthase (CESA) complex (CSC). In plant cells, CSCs are assembled in the endoplasmic reticulum or Golgi and transported through the endomembrane system to the plasma membrane (PM). However, how CESA catalytic activity or conserved motifs around the catalytic core influence vesicle trafficking or protein dynamics is not well understood. Here, we used yellow fluorescent protein (YFP)-tagged AtCESA6 and created 18 mutants in key motifs of the catalytic domain to analyze how they affected seedling growth, cellulose biosynthesis, complex formation, and CSC dynamics and trafficking in Arabidopsis thaliana. Seedling growth and cellulose content were reduced by nearly all mutations. Moreover, mutations in most conserved motifs slowed CSC movement in the PM as well as delivery of CSCs to the PM. Interestingly, mutations in the DDG and QXXRW motifs affected YFP-CESA6 abundance in the Golgi. These mutations also perturbed post-Golgi trafficking of CSCs. The 18 mutations were divided into 2 groups based on their phenotypes; we propose that Group I mutations cause CSC trafficking defects, whereas Group II mutations, especially in the QXXRW motif, affect protein folding and/or CSC rosette formation. Collectively, our results demonstrate that the CESA6 catalytic domain is essential for cellulose biosynthesis as well as CSC formation, protein folding and dynamics, and vesicle trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Huang
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Center for Plant Biology, College of Agriculture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Center for Plant Biology, College of Agriculture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Christopher J Staiger
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Center for Plant Biology, College of Agriculture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Chunhua Zhang
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Center for Plant Biology, College of Agriculture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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17
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Ali M, Cybulska J, Frąc M, Zdunek A. Application of polysaccharides for the encapsulation of beneficial microorganisms for agricultural purposes: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 244:125366. [PMID: 37327939 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Intensive farming practices have increased the consumption of chemical-based pesticides and fertilizers thereby creating health issues for humans and animals and also causing a deterioration in the natural ecosystem. The promotion of biomaterials synthesis could potentially lead to the replacement of synthetic products and improve soil fertility, protect plants from pathogen attacks, and enhance the productivity of the agricultural sector resulting in less environmental pollution. Microbial bioengineering involving the use and improvement of encapsulation using polysaccharides has the required potential to address environmental issues and promote green chemistry. This article describes various encapsulation techniques and polysaccharides which have an immense applicable capability to encapsulate microbial cells. The review elucidates the factors that may result in a reduced viable cell count during encapsulation, particularly using the spray drying method, where a high temperature is required to dry the suspension, this may damage the microbial cells. The environmental advantage of the application of polysaccharides as carriers of beneficial microorganisms, which do not pose a risk for soil due to their full biodegradability, was also shown. The encapsulated microbial cells may assist in addressing certain environmental problems such as ameliorating the unfavourable effects of plant pests and pathogens, and promoting agricultural sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsin Ali
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lublin, Poland
| | - Justyna Cybulska
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Madgalena Frąc
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lublin, Poland
| | - Artur Zdunek
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lublin, Poland
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18
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SMRT and Illumina sequencing provide insights into mechanisms of lignin and terpenoids biosynthesis in Pinus massoniana Lamb. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 232:123267. [PMID: 36657535 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Wood and oleoresin are important industrial raw materials with high economic value; however, their molecular formation and biosynthesis mechanisms in different tissues of Pinus massoniana remain unexplored. Therefore, we used single-molecule real-time sequencing technology (SMRT) and Illumina RNA sequencing to establish a transcriptome dataset and explore the expression pattern of genes related to secondary metabolites involved in wood formation and oleoresin biosynthesis in six different P. massoniana tissues. In total, 63.58 Gb of polymerase reads were obtained, including 41,407 isoforms with an average length of 1822 bp. We identified 3939 and 8785 isoforms and 161 and 481 transcription factors with tissue expression specificity and in the reproductive and vegetative organs, respectively. Eighty isoforms were annotated as cellulose synthases and 224 isoforms involved in lignin biosynthesis were enriched. Additionally, we identified 217 isoforms involved in the terpenoid biosynthesis pathway, with needles having the most tissue-specific genes for terpenoid biosynthesis. Some isoforms related to lignin biosynthesis were highly expressed in the xylem, according to the results of transcriptome sequencing and real-time quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Our research confirmed the advantages of SMRT sequencing and provided valuable information for the transcriptional annotation of P. massoniana, which will be beneficial for producing better raw wood and oleoresin materials.
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Lv G, Zhang Y, Ma L, Yan X, Yuan M, Chen J, Cheng Y, Yang X, Qiao Q, Zhang L, Niaz M, Sun X, Zhang Q, Zhong S, Chen F. A cell wall invertase modulates resistance to fusarium crown rot and sharp eyespot in common wheat. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 36912577 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium crown rot (FCR) and sharp eyespot (SE) are serious soil-borne diseases in wheat and its relatives that have been reported to cause wheat yield losses in many areas. In this study, the expression of a cell wall invertase gene, TaCWI-B1, was identified to be associated with FCR resistance through a combination of bulk segregant RNA sequencing and genome resequencing in a recombinant inbred line population. Two bi-parental populations were developed to further verify TaCWI-B1 association with FCR resistance. Overexpression lines and ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutants revealed TaCWI-B1 positively regulating FCR resistance. Determination of cell wall thickness and components showed that the TaCWI-B1-overexpression lines exhibited considerably increased thickness and pectin and cellulose contents. Furthermore, we found that TaCWI-B1 directly interacted with an alpha-galactosidase (TaGAL). EMS mutants showed that TaGAL negatively modulated FCR resistance. The expression of TaGAL is negatively correlated with TaCWI-B1 levels, thus may reduce mannan degradation in the cell wall, consequently leading to thickening of the cell wall. Additionally, TaCWI-B1-overexpression lines and TaGAL mutants showed higher resistance to SE; however, TaCWI-B1 mutants were more susceptible to SE than controls. This study provides insights into a FCR and SE resistance gene to combat soil-borne diseases in common wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoguo Lv
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/CIMMYT-China Wheat and Maize Joint Research Center/Agronomy College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Yixiao Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/CIMMYT-China Wheat and Maize Joint Research Center/Agronomy College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Lin Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/CIMMYT-China Wheat and Maize Joint Research Center/Agronomy College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Xiangning Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/CIMMYT-China Wheat and Maize Joint Research Center/Agronomy College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Mingjie Yuan
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/CIMMYT-China Wheat and Maize Joint Research Center/Agronomy College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Jianhui Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/CIMMYT-China Wheat and Maize Joint Research Center/Agronomy College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Yongzhen Cheng
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/CIMMYT-China Wheat and Maize Joint Research Center/Agronomy College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Xi Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/CIMMYT-China Wheat and Maize Joint Research Center/Agronomy College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Qi Qiao
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/CIMMYT-China Wheat and Maize Joint Research Center/Agronomy College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Leilei Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/CIMMYT-China Wheat and Maize Joint Research Center/Agronomy College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Mohsin Niaz
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/CIMMYT-China Wheat and Maize Joint Research Center/Agronomy College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Xiaonan Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/CIMMYT-China Wheat and Maize Joint Research Center/Agronomy College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Qijun Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
| | - Shaobin Zhong
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
| | - Feng Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/CIMMYT-China Wheat and Maize Joint Research Center/Agronomy College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
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Hossain MF, Dutta AK, Suzuki T, Higashiyama T, Miyamoto C, Ishiguro S, Maruta T, Muto Y, Nishimura K, Ishida H, Aboulela M, Hachiya T, Nakagawa T. Targeted expression of bgl23-D, a dominant-negative allele of ATCSLD5, affects cytokinesis of guard mother cells and exine formation of pollen in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANTA 2023; 257:64. [PMID: 36811672 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04097-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Targeted expression of bgl23-D, a dominant-negative allele of ATCSLD5, is a useful genetic approach for functional analysis of ATCSLDs in specific cells and tissues in plants. Stomata are key cellular structures for gas and water exchange in plants and their development is influenced by several genes. We found the A. thaliana bagel23-D (bgl23-D) mutant showing abnormal bagel-shaped single guard cells. The bgl23-D was a novel dominant mutation in the A. thaliana cellulose synthase-like D5 (ATCSLD5) gene that was reported to function in the division of guard mother cells. The dominant character of bgl23-D was used to inhibit ATCSLD5 function in specific cells and tissues. Transgenic A. thaliana expressing bgl23-D cDNA with the promoter of stomata lineage genes, SDD1, MUTE, and FAMA, showed bagel-shaped stomata as observed in the bgl23-D mutant. Especially, the FAMA promoter exhibited a higher frequency of bagel-shaped stomata with severe cytokinesis defects. Expression of bgl23-D cDNA in the tapetum with SP11 promoter or in the anther with ATSP146 promoter induced defects in exine pattern and pollen shape, novel phenotypes that were not shown in the bgl23-D mutant. These results indicated that bgl23-D inhibited unknown ATCSLD(s) that exert the function of exine formation in the tapetum. Furthermore, transgenic A. thaliana expressing bgl23-D cDNA with SDD1, MUTE, and FAMA promoters showed enhanced rosette diameter and increased leaf growth. Taken together, these findings suggest that the bgl23-D mutation could be a helpful genetic tool for functional analysis of ATCSLDs and manipulating plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Firose Hossain
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Shimane University, Matsue, 690-8504, Japan
- Bioresource and Life Sciences, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori, 680-8550, Japan
| | - Amit Kumar Dutta
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Shimane University, Matsue, 690-8504, Japan
- Department of Microbiology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Takamasa Suzuki
- Department of Biological Chemistry, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Kasugai, 487-8501, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Higashiyama
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Chiharu Miyamoto
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Sumie Ishiguro
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Takanori Maruta
- Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University, Matsue, 690-8504, Japan
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shimane University, Matsue, 690-8504, Japan
| | - Yuki Muto
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Shimane University, Matsue, 690-8504, Japan
| | - Kohji Nishimura
- Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University, Matsue, 690-8504, Japan
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shimane University, Matsue, 690-8504, Japan
| | - Hideki Ishida
- Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University, Matsue, 690-8504, Japan
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shimane University, Matsue, 690-8504, Japan
| | - Mostafa Aboulela
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Shimane University, Matsue, 690-8504, Japan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Takushi Hachiya
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Shimane University, Matsue, 690-8504, Japan
- Bioresource and Life Sciences, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori, 680-8550, Japan
- Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University, Matsue, 690-8504, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Nakagawa
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Shimane University, Matsue, 690-8504, Japan.
- Bioresource and Life Sciences, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori, 680-8550, Japan.
- Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University, Matsue, 690-8504, Japan.
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21
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Wang J, Su C, Cui Z, Huang L, Gu S, Jiang S, Feng J, Xu H, Zhang W, Jiang L, Zhao M. Transcriptomics and metabolomics reveal tolerance new mechanism of rice roots to Al stress. Front Genet 2023; 13:1063984. [PMID: 36704350 PMCID: PMC9871393 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1063984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of soluble aluminum (Al) ions is one of the major limitations to crop production worldwide on acid soils. Therefore, understanding the Al tolerance mechanism of rice and applying Al tolerance functional genes in sensitive plants can significantly improve Al stress resistance. In this study, transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses were performed to reveal the mechanism of Al tolerance differences between two rice landraces (Al-tolerant genotype Shibanzhan (KR) and Al-sensitive genotype Hekedanuo (MR) with different Al tolerance. The results showed that DEG related to phenylpropanoid biosynthesis was highly enriched in KR and MR after Al stress, indicating that phenylpropanoid biosynthesis may be closely related to Al tolerance. E1.11.1.7 (peroxidase) was the most significant enzyme of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis in KR and MR under Al stress and is regulated by multiple genes. We further identified that two candidate genes Os02g0770800 and Os06g0521900 may be involved in the regulation of Al tolerance in rice. Our results not only reveal the resistance mechanism of rice to Al stress to some extent, but also provide a useful reference for the molecular mechanism of different effects of Al poisoning on plants.
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Miao W, Li F, Lu J, Wang D, Chen M, Tang L, Xu Z, Chen W. Biochar application enhanced rice biomass production and lodging resistance via promoting co-deposition of silica with hemicellulose and lignin. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 855:158818. [PMID: 36122710 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Biochar, an environmentally friendly soil amendment, is created via a series of thermochemical processes from carbon-rich organic matter. The biochar addition enhances soil characteristics dramatically and increases crop growth and yields. However, the mechanism by which biochar improves plant lodging resistance, which is heavily influenced by cell walls, remains unknown. Three rice cultivars were grown in an experimental field provided with four concentrations of biochar (10, 20, 30, 40 t ha-1). The biochar application enhanced biomass production and lodging resistance in all three cultivars by up to 29 % and 22 %, respectively, with the largest improvement at a biochar application rate of 30 t ha-1. Biochar application significantly enhanced stem cell wall-related characteristics, with an increase in stem breaking force, wall thickness, and plumpness of 52 %, 32 %, and 21 %, respectively, which are suggested to be major contributors to enhanced lodging resistance and biomass yield. Notably, cell wall composition and silica content analysis indicated a significant increase in hemicellulose, lignin, and silica content in biochar-treated samples up to 36 %, 13 %, and 58 %, respectively, when compared to plants not treated with biochar. Integrative analysis suggested that silica, hemicellulose, and lignin were co-deposited in cell walls, which influenced biomass production and lodging resistance. Furthermore, the transcriptome profile revealed that biochar application increased the expression of genes involved in biomass production, cell wall formation, and silica deposition. This study suggests that biochar application might improve both biomass production and lodging resistance by promoting the co-deposition of silicon with hemicellulose and lignin in cell walls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Miao
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Northern geng Super Rice Breeding, Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Fengcheng Li
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Northern geng Super Rice Breeding, Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Jiancheng Lu
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Northern geng Super Rice Breeding, Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Donglei Wang
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Northern geng Super Rice Breeding, Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Mingkai Chen
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Northern geng Super Rice Breeding, Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Liang Tang
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Northern geng Super Rice Breeding, Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Zhengjin Xu
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Northern geng Super Rice Breeding, Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Wenfu Chen
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Northern geng Super Rice Breeding, Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110866, China.
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23
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Pedersen GB, Blaschek L, Frandsen KEH, Noack LC, Persson S. Cellulose synthesis in land plants. MOLECULAR PLANT 2023; 16:206-231. [PMID: 36564945 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2022.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
All plant cells are surrounded by a cell wall that provides cohesion, protection, and a means of directional growth to plants. Cellulose microfibrils contribute the main biomechanical scaffold for most of these walls. The biosynthesis of cellulose, which typically is the most prominent constituent of the cell wall and therefore Earth's most abundant biopolymer, is finely attuned to developmental and environmental cues. Our understanding of the machinery that catalyzes and regulates cellulose biosynthesis has substantially improved due to recent technological advances in, for example, structural biology and microscopy. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the structure, function, and regulation of the cellulose synthesis machinery and its regulatory interactors. We aim to highlight important knowledge gaps in the field, and outline emerging approaches that promise a means to close those gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustav B Pedersen
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center (CPSC), Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Leonard Blaschek
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center (CPSC), Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Kristian E H Frandsen
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center (CPSC), Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Lise C Noack
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center (CPSC), Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Staffan Persson
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center (CPSC), Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark; Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, SJTU-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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24
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Chauhan A, Alam MA, Kaur A, Malviya R. Advancements and Utilizations of Scaffolds in Tissue Engineering and Drug Delivery. Curr Drug Targets 2023; 24:13-40. [PMID: 36221880 DOI: 10.2174/1389450123666221011100235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The drug development process requires a thorough understanding of the scaffold and its three-dimensional structure. Scaffolding is a technique for tissue engineering and the formation of contemporary functioning tissues. Tissue engineering is sometimes referred to as regenerative medicine. They also ensure that drugs are delivered with precision. Information regarding scaffolding techniques, scaffolding kinds, and other relevant facts, such as 3D nanostructuring, are discussed in depth in this literature. They are specific and demonstrate localized action for a specific reason. Scaffold's acquisition nature and flexibility make it a new drug delivery technology with good availability and structural parameter management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash Chauhan
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Md Aftab Alam
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Awaneet Kaur
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rishabha Malviya
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Hu X, Lu C, Tang H, Pouri H, Joulin E, Zhang J. Active Food Packaging Made of Biopolymer-Based Composites. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 16:279. [PMID: 36614617 PMCID: PMC9821968 DOI: 10.3390/ma16010279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Food packaging plays a vital role in protecting food products from environmental damage and preventing contamination from microorganisms. Conventional food packaging made of plastics produced from unrenewable fossil resources is hard to degrade and poses a negative impact on environmental sustainability. Natural biopolymers are attracting interest for reducing environmental problems to achieve a sustainable society, because of their abundance, biocompatibility, biodegradability, chemical stability, and non-toxicity. Active packaging systems composed of these biopolymers and biopolymer-based composites go beyond simply acting as a barrier to maintain food quality. This review provides a comprehensive overview of natural biopolymer materials used as matrices for food packaging. The antioxidant, water barrier, and oxygen barrier properties of these composites are compared and discussed. Furthermore, biopolymer-based composites integrated with antimicrobial agents-such as inorganic nanostructures and natural products-are reviewed, and the related mechanisms are discussed in terms of antimicrobial function. In summary, composites used for active food packaging systems can inhibit microbial growth and maintain food quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanjun Hu
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Chao Lu
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Howyn Tang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Hossein Pouri
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Etienne Joulin
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada
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26
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Mendu L, Jalathge G, Dhillon KK, Singh NP, Balasubramanian VK, Fewou R, Gitz DC, Chen J, Xin Z, Mendu V. Mutation in the Endo-β-1,4-glucanase (KORRIGAN) Is Responsible for Thick Leaf Phenotype in Sorghum. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3531. [PMID: 36559643 PMCID: PMC9780866 DOI: 10.3390/plants11243531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is an important crop for food, feed, and fuel production. Particularly, sorghum is targeted for cellulosic ethanol production. Extraction of cellulose from cell walls is a key process in cellulosic ethanol production, and understanding the components involved in cellulose synthesis is important for both fundamental and applied research. Despite the significance in the biofuel industry, the genes involved in sorghum cell wall biosynthesis, modification, and degradation have not been characterized. In this study, we have identified and characterized three allelic thick leaf mutants (thl1, thl2, and thl3). Bulked Segregant Analysis sequencing (BSAseq) showed that the causal mutation for the thl phenotype is in endo-1,4-β-glucanase gene (SbKOR1). Consistent with the causal gene function, the thl mutants showed decreased crystalline cellulose content in the stem tissues. The SbKOR1 function was characterized using Arabidopsis endo-1,4-β-glucanase gene mutant (rsw2-1). Complementation of Arabidopsis with SbKOR1 (native Arabidopsis promoter and overexpression by 35S promoter) restored the radial swelling phenotype of rsw2-1 mutant, proving that SbKOR1 functions as endo-1,4-β-glucanase. Overall, the present study has identified and characterized sorghum endo-1,4-β-glucanase gene function, laying the foundation for future research on cell wall biosynthesis and engineering of sorghum for biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavanya Mendu
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Gayani Jalathge
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | | | - Nagendra Pratap Singh
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | | | - Rebecca Fewou
- Faculty of Science, University of Angers, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Dennis C. Gitz
- U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Lubbock, TX 79415, USA
| | - Junping Chen
- U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Lubbock, TX 79415, USA
| | - Zhanguo Xin
- U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Lubbock, TX 79415, USA
| | - Venugopal Mendu
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
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Liao K, Han L, Yang Z, Huang Y, Du S, Lyu Q, Shi Z, Shi S. A novel in-situ quantitative profiling approach for visualizing changes in lignin and cellulose by stained micrographs. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 297:119997. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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28
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Guo B, Huang X, Qi J, Sun H, Lv C, Wang F, Zhu J, Xu R. Brittle culm 3, encoding a cellulose synthase subunit 5, is required for cell wall biosynthesis in barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:989406. [PMID: 36507388 PMCID: PMC9726912 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.989406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The cell wall plays an important role in plant mechanical strength. Cellulose is the major component of plant cell walls and provides the most abundant renewable biomass resource for biofuels on earth. Mutational analysis showed that cellulose synthase (CESA) genes are critical in cell wall biosynthesis in cereal crops like rice. However, their role has not been fully elucidated in barley. In this study, we isolated a brittle culm mutant brittle culm 3 (bc3) derived from Yangnongpi 5 ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis in barley. The bc3 mutants exhibited reduced mechanical strength of the culms due to impaired thickening of the sclerenchyma cell wall and reduced cellulose and hemicellulose content in the culms. Genetic analysis and map-based cloning revealed that the bc3 mutant was controlled by a single recessive gene and harbored a point mutation in the HvCESA5 gene, generating a premature stop codon near the N-terminal of the protein. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that the HvCESA5 gene is predominantly expressed in the culms and co-expressed with HvCESA4 and HvCESA8, consistent with the brittle culm phenotype of the bc3 mutant. These results indicate that the truncated HvCESA5 affects cell wall biosynthesis leading to a brittle culm phenotype. Our findings provide evidence for the important role of HvCESA5 in cell wall biosynthesis pathway and could be a potential target to modify cell wall in barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baojian Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinyu Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiang Qi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongwei Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Lv
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feifei Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juan Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rugen Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Adsorption of apple xyloglucan on cellulose nanofiber depends on molecular weight, concentration and building blocks. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 296:119994. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Shinde R, Shahi DK, Mahapatra P, Naik SK, Thombare N, Singh AK. Potential of lignocellulose degrading microorganisms for agricultural residue decomposition in soil: A review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 320:115843. [PMID: 36056484 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic crop residues (LCCRs) hold a significant share of the terrestrial biomass, estimated at 5 billion Mg per annum globally. A massive amount of these LCCRs are burnt in many countries resulting in immense environmental pollution; hence, its proper disposal in a cost-effective and eco-friendly manner is a significant challenge. Among the different options for management of LCCRs, the use of lignocellulose degrading microorganisms (LCDMOs), like fungi and bacteria, has emerged as an eco-friendly and effective way for its on-site disposal. LCDMOs achieve degradation through various mechanisms, including multiple supportive enzymes, causing oxidative attacks by which recalcitrance of lignocellulose material is reduced, paving the way to further activity by depolymerizing enzymes. This improves the physical properties of soil, recycles plant nutrients, promotes plant growth and thus helps improve productivity. Rapid and proper microbial degradation may be achieved through the correct combination of the LCDMOs, supplementing nutrients and controlling different factors affecting microbial activity in the field. The review is a critical discussion of previous studies revealing the potential of individuals or a set of LCDMOs, factors controlling the rate of degradation and the key researchable areas for better understanding of the role of these decomposers for future use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshma Shinde
- ICAR- Research Complex for Eastern Region, Farming System Research Centre for Hill and Plateau Region, Ranchi, 834010, Jharkhand, India.
| | | | | | - Sushanta Kumar Naik
- ICAR- Research Complex for Eastern Region, Farming System Research Centre for Hill and Plateau Region, Ranchi, 834010, Jharkhand, India
| | - Nandkishore Thombare
- ICAR- Indian Institute of Natural Resin and Gums, Ranchi, 834010, Jharkhand, India
| | - Arun Kumar Singh
- ICAR- Research Complex for Eastern Region, Farming System Research Centre for Hill and Plateau Region, Ranchi, 834010, Jharkhand, India
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31
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Single-molecule investigations of single-chain cellulose biosynthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2122770119. [PMID: 36161928 PMCID: PMC9546554 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2122770119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellulose biosynthesis in sessile bacterial colonies originates in the membrane-integrated bacterial cellulose synthase (Bcs) AB complex. We utilize optical tweezers to measure single-strand cellulose biosynthesis by BcsAB from Rhodobacter sphaeroides. Synthesis depends on uridine diphosphate glucose, Mg2+, and cyclic diguanosine monophosphate, with the last displaying a retention time of ∼80 min. Below a stall force of 12.7 pN, biosynthesis is relatively insensitive to force and proceeds at a rate of one glucose addition every 2.5 s at room temperature, increasing to two additions per second at 37°. At low forces, conformational hopping is observed. Single-strand cellulose stretching unveiled a persistence length of 6.2 nm, an axial stiffness of 40.7 pN, and an ability for complexes to maintain a tight grip, with forces nearing 100 pN. Stretching experiments exhibited hysteresis, suggesting that cellulose microstructure underpinning robust biofilms begins to form during synthesis. Cellohexaose spontaneously binds to nascent single cellulose strands, impacting polymer mechanical properties and increasing BcsAB activity.
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32
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Chen L, Tian N, Hu M, Sandhu D, Jin Q, Gu M, Zhang X, Peng Y, Zhang J, Chen Z, Liu G, Huang M, Huang J, Liu Z, Liu S. Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals key pathways and genes involved in trichome development in tea plant ( Camellia sinensis). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:997778. [PMID: 36212317 PMCID: PMC9546587 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.997778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Trichomes, which develop from epidermal cells, are considered one of the important characteristics of the tea plant [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze]. Many nutritional and metabolomic studies have indicated the important contributions of trichomes to tea products quality. However, understanding the regulation of trichome formation at the molecular level remains elusive in tea plants. Herein, we present a genome-wide comparative transcriptome analysis between the hairless Chuyeqi (CYQ) with fewer trichomes and the hairy Budiaomao (BDM) with more trichomes tea plant genotypes, toward the identification of biological processes and functional gene activities that occur during trichome development. In the present study, trichomes in both cultivars CYQ and BDM were unicellular, unbranched, straight, and soft-structured. The density of trichomes was the highest in the bud and tender leaf periods. Further, using the high-throughput sequencing method, we identified 48,856 unigenes, of which 31,574 were differentially expressed. In an analysis of 208 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) encoding transcription factors (TFs), five may involve in trichome development. In addition, on the basis of the Gene Ontology (GO) annotation and the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) results, we screened several DEGs that may contribute to trichome growth, including 66 DEGs related to plant resistance genes (PRGs), 172 DEGs related to cell wall biosynthesis pathway, 29 DEGs related to cell cycle pathway, and 45 DEGs related to cytoskeleton biosynthesis. Collectively, this study provided high-quality RNA-seq information to improve our understanding of the molecular regulatory mechanism of trichome development and lay a foundation for additional trichome studies in tea plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Chen
- Department of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Na Tian
- Department of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Mengqing Hu
- Xiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jishou, China
| | - Devinder Sandhu
- United States Salinity Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Qifang Jin
- Department of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Meiyi Gu
- Department of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangqin Zhang
- Department of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Peng
- Department of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiali Zhang
- Department of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhenyan Chen
- Department of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Guizhi Liu
- Department of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Mengdi Huang
- Department of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianan Huang
- Department of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Department of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuoqian Liu
- Department of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
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33
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Choi J, Lee J, Makarem M, Huang S, Kim SH. Numerical Simulation of Vibrational Sum Frequency Generation Intensity for Non-Centrosymmetric Domains Interspersed in an Amorphous Matrix: A Case Study for Cellulose in Plant Cell Wall. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:6629-6641. [PMID: 36037433 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c03897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Vibrational sum frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy can specifically probe molecular species non-centrosymmetrically arranged in a centrosymmetric or isotropic medium. This capability has been extensively utilized to detect and study molecular species present at the two-dimensional (2D) interface at which the centrosymmetry or isotropy of bulk phases is naturally broken. The same principle has been demonstrated to be very effective for the selective detection of non-centrosymmetric crystalline nanodomains interspersed in three-dimensional (3D) amorphous phases. However, the full spectral interpretation of SFG features has been difficult due to the complexity associated with the theoretical calculation of SFG responses of such 3D systems. This paper describes a numerical method to predict the relative SFG intensities of non-centrosymmetric nanodomains in 3D systems as functions of their size and concentration as well as their assembly patterns, i.e., the distributions of tilt, azimuth, and rotation angles with respect to the lab coordinate. We applied the developed method to predict changes in the CH and OH stretch modes characteristic to crystalline cellulose microfibrils distributed with various orders, which are relevant to plant cell wall structures. The same algorithm can also be applied to any SFG-active nanodomains interspersed in 3D amorphous matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juseok Choi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Jongcheol Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Mohamadamin Makarem
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Shixin Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Seong H Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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Tian M, Pak S, Ma C, Ma L, Rengasamy KRR, Xiao J, Hu X, Li D, Chen F. Chemical features and biological functions of water-insoluble dietary fiber in plant-based foods. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:928-942. [PMID: 36004568 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2110565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) is a nutritional component constituting the building block of plant cell walls. Our understanding of the role of IDF in plant-based foods has advanced dramatically in recent years. In this Review, we summarize research progress on the subtypes, structure, analysis, and extraction methods of IDF. The impact of different food processing methods on the properties of IDF is discussed. The role of gut microbiota in the health benefits of IDF is introduced. This review provides a better understanding of the chemical features and biological functions of IDF, which may promote the future application of IDF in functional food products. Further investigation of the mechanisms underlying the health benefits of IDF enables the development of effective strategies for the prevention and treatment of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Tian
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetables Processing Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - SolJu Pak
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetables Processing Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Ma
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetables Processing Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lingjun Ma
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetables Processing Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Kannan R R Rengasamy
- Laboratory of Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry (LNPMC), Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai 600077, India, Sovenga, South Africa
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo - Ourense Campus, Ourense, Spain
| | - Xiaosong Hu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetables Processing Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Daotong Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetables Processing Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Health Science Center, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Chen
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetables Processing Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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35
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De Caroli M, Rampino P, Pecatelli G, Girelli CR, Fanizzi FP, Piro G, Lenucci MS. Expression of Exogenous GFP-CesA6 in Tobacco Enhances Cell Wall Biosynthesis and Biomass Production. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11081139. [PMID: 36009766 PMCID: PMC9405164 DOI: 10.3390/biology11081139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Cellulose is synthesized at the plasma membrane by an enzymatic complex constituted by different cellulose synthase (CesA) proteins. The overexpression of CesA genes has been assessed for increasing cellulose biosynthesis and plant biomass. In this study, we analyzed transgenic tobacco plants (F31 line), stably expressing the Arabidopsis CesA6 fused to GFP, for possible variations in the cellulose biosynthesis. We found that F31 plants were bigger than the wild-type (wt), showing significant increases of stem height, root length, and leaf area. They bloomed about 3 weeks earlier and yielded more flowers and seeds than wt. In the F31 leaves, the expression of the exogenous GFP-CesA6 prompted the overexpression of all CesAs involved in the synthesis of primary cell wall cellulose and of other proteins responsible for plant cell wall building and remodeling. Instead, secondary cell wall CesAs were not affected. In the F31 stem, showing a 3.3-fold increase of the secondary xylem thickness, both primary and secondary CesAs expression was differentially modulated. Significantly, the amounts of cellulose and matrix polysaccharides increased in the transformed seedlings. The results evidence the potentiality to overexpress primary CesAs in tobacco for biomass production increase. Abstract Improved cellulose biosynthesis and plant biomass represent important economic targets for several biotechnological applications including bioenergy and biofuel production. The attempts to increase the biosynthesis of cellulose by overexpressing CesAs proteins, components of the cellulose synthase complex, has not always produced consistent results. Analyses of morphological and molecular data and of the chemical composition of cell walls showed that tobacco plants (F31 line), stably expressing the Arabidopsis CesA6 fused to GFP, exhibits a “giant” phenotype with no apparent other morphological aberrations. In the F31 line, all evaluated growth parameters, such as stem and root length, leaf size, and lignified secondary xylem, were significantly higher than in wt. Furthermore, F31 line exhibited increased flower and seed number, and an advance of about 20 days in the anthesis. In the leaves of F31 seedlings, the expression of primary CesAs (NtCesA1, NtCesA3, and NtCesA6) was enhanced, as well as of proteins involved in the biosynthesis of non-cellulosic polysaccharides (xyloglucans and galacturonans, NtXyl4, NtGal10), cell wall remodeling (NtExp11 and XTHs), and cell expansion (NtPIP1.1 and NtPIP2.7). While in leaves the expression level of all secondary cell wall CesAs (NtCesA4, NtCesA7, and NtCesA8) did not change significantly, both primary and secondary CesAs were differentially expressed in the stem. The amount of cellulose and matrix polysaccharides significantly increased in the F31 seedlings with no differences in pectin and hemicellulose glycosyl composition. Our results highlight the potentiality to overexpress primary CesAs in tobacco plants to enhance cellulose synthesis and biomass production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica De Caroli
- Correspondence: (M.D.C.); (G.P.); Tel.: +39-0832-298613 (M.D.C.); +39-0832-298611 (G.P.)
| | | | | | | | | | - Gabriella Piro
- Correspondence: (M.D.C.); (G.P.); Tel.: +39-0832-298613 (M.D.C.); +39-0832-298611 (G.P.)
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36
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Han Q, Song H, Yang C, Zhang S, Korpelainen H, Li C. Integrated DNA methylation, transcriptome and physiological analyses reveal new insights into superiority of poplars formed by interspecific grafting. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:1481-1500. [PMID: 35134240 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpac013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plant grafting has a long history and it is extensively employed to improve plant performance. In our previous research, reciprocal grafts of Populus cathayana Rehder (C) and Populus deltoides Bart. Ex Marsh (D) were generated. The results showed that interspecific grafting combinations (scion/rootstock: C/D and D/C) grew better than intraspecific grafting combinations (C/C and D/D). To further understand differences in molecular mechanisms between interspecific and intraspecific grafting, we performed an integrated analysis, including bisulfite sequencing, RNA sequencing and measurements of physiological indicators, to investigate leaves of different grafting combinations. We found that the difference at the genome-wide methylation level was greater in D/C vs D/D than in C/D vs C/C, but no difference was detected at the transcription level in D/C vs D/D. Furthermore, the grafting superiority of D/C vs D/D was not as strong as that of C/D vs C/C. These results may be associated with the different methylation forms, mCHH (71.76%) and mCG (57.16%), that accounted for the highest percentages in C/D vs C/C and D/C vs D/D, respectively. In addition, the interspecific grafting superiority was found mainly related to the process of photosynthesis, phytohormone signal transduction, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, cell wall and transcriptional regulation based on both physiological and molecular results. Overall, the results indicated that the physiological and molecular phenotypes of grafted plants are affected by the interaction between scion and rootstock. Thus, our study provides a theoretical basis for developing suitable scion-rootstock combinations for grafted plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingquan Han
- Institute of Physical Education, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Haifeng Song
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Congcong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Helena Korpelainen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, PO Box 27, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Chunyang Li
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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37
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Guzha A, McGee R, Scholz P, Hartken D, Lüdke D, Bauer K, Wenig M, Zienkiewicz K, Herrfurth C, Feussner I, Vlot AC, Wiermer M, Haughn G, Ischebeck T. Cell wall-localized BETA-XYLOSIDASE4 contributes to immunity of Arabidopsis against Botrytis cinerea. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:1794-1813. [PMID: 35485198 PMCID: PMC9237713 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant cell walls constitute physical barriers that restrict access of microbial pathogens to the contents of plant cells. The primary cell wall of multicellular plants predominantly consists of cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin, and its composition can change upon stress. BETA-XYLOSIDASE4 (BXL4) belongs to a seven-member gene family in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), one of which encodes a protein (BXL1) involved in cell wall remodeling. We assayed the influence of BXL4 on plant immunity and investigated the subcellular localization and enzymatic activity of BXL4, making use of mutant and overexpression lines. BXL4 localized to the apoplast and was induced upon infection with the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea in a jasmonoyl isoleucine-dependent manner. The bxl4 mutants showed a reduced resistance to B. cinerea, while resistance was increased in conditional overexpression lines. Ectopic expression of BXL4 in Arabidopsis seed coat epidermal cells rescued a bxl1 mutant phenotype, suggesting that, like BXL1, BXL4 has both xylosidase and arabinosidase activity. We conclude that BXL4 is a xylosidase/arabinosidase that is secreted to the apoplast and its expression is upregulated under pathogen attack, contributing to immunity against B. cinerea, possibly by removal of arabinose and xylose side-chains of polysaccharides in the primary cell wall.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert McGee
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4
| | - Patricia Scholz
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig Weg 11, D-37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Denise Hartken
- Molecular Biology of Plant-Microbe Interactions Research Group, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig Weg 11, D-37077 Goettingen Germany
| | | | - Kornelia Bauer
- Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marion Wenig
- Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Krzysztof Zienkiewicz
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig Weg 11, D-37077 Goettingen, Germany
- Service Unit for Metabolomics and Lipidomics, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, D-37077 Goettingen, Germany
- UMK Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Cornelia Herrfurth
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig Weg 11, D-37077 Goettingen, Germany
- Service Unit for Metabolomics and Lipidomics, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, D-37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Ivo Feussner
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig Weg 11, D-37077 Goettingen, Germany
- Service Unit for Metabolomics and Lipidomics, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, D-37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - A Corina Vlot
- Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marcel Wiermer
- Molecular Biology of Plant-Microbe Interactions Research Group, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig Weg 11, D-37077 Goettingen Germany
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Biology, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Biochemistry of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Königin-Luise-Str. 12-16, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - George Haughn
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4
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Arabinogalactan Proteins: Focus on the Role in Cellulose Synthesis and Deposition during Plant Cell Wall Biogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126578. [PMID: 35743022 PMCID: PMC9223364 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) belong to a family of glycoproteins that are widely present in plants. AGPs are mostly composed of a protein backbone decorated with complex carbohydrate side chains and are usually anchored to the plasma membrane or secreted extracellularly. A trickle of compelling biochemical and genetic evidence has demonstrated that AGPs make exciting candidates for a multitude of vital activities related to plant growth and development. However, because of the diversity of AGPs, functional redundancy of AGP family members, and blunt-force research tools, the precise functions of AGPs and their mechanisms of action remain elusive. In this review, we put together the current knowledge about the characteristics, classification, and identification of AGPs and make a summary of the biological functions of AGPs in multiple phases of plant reproduction and developmental processes. In addition, we especially discuss deeply the potential mechanisms for AGP action in different biological processes via their impacts on cellulose synthesis and deposition based on previous studies. Particularly, five hypothetical models that may explain the AGP involvement in cellulose synthesis and deposition during plant cell wall biogenesis are proposed. AGPs open a new avenue for understanding cellulose synthesis and deposition in plants.
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Nayeri S, Baghban Kohnehrouz B, Ahmadikhah A, Mahna N. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated P-CR domain-specific engineering of CESA4 heterodimerization capacity alters cell wall architecture and improves saccharification efficiency in poplar. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2022; 20:1197-1212. [PMID: 35266285 PMCID: PMC9129088 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose is the most abundant unique biopolymer in nature with widespread applications in bioenergy and high-value bioproducts. The large transmembrane-localized cellulose synthase (CESA) complexes (CSCs) play a pivotal role in the biosynthesis and orientation of the para-crystalline cellulose microfibrils during secondary cell wall (SCW) deposition. However, the hub CESA subunit with high potential homo/heterodimerization capacity and its functional effects on cell wall architecture, cellulose crystallinity, and saccharification efficiency remains unclear. Here, we reported the highly potent binding site containing four residues of Pro435, Trp436, Pro437, and Gly438 in the plant-conserved region (P-CR) of PalCESA4 subunit, which are involved in the CESA4-CESA8 heterodimerization. The CRISPR/Cas9-knockout mutagenesis in the predicted binding site results in physiological abnormalities, stunt growth, and deficient roots. The homozygous double substitution of W436Q and P437S and heterozygous double deletions of W436 and P437 residues potentially reduced CESA4-binding affinity resulting in normal roots, 1.5-2-fold higher plant growth and cell wall regeneration rates, 1.7-fold thinner cell wall, high hemicellulose content, 37%-67% decrease in cellulose content, high cellulose DP, 25%-37% decrease in cellulose crystallinity, and 50% increase in saccharification efficiency. The heterozygous deletion of W436 increases about 2-fold CESA4 homo/heterodimerization capacity led to the 50% decrease in plant growth and increase in cell walls thickness, cellulose content (33%), cellulose DP (20%), and CrI (8%). Our findings provide a strategy for introducing commercial CRISPR/Cas9-mediated bioengineered poplars with promising cellulose applications. We anticipate our results could create an engineering revolution in bioenergy and cellulose-based nanomaterial technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahnoush Nayeri
- Department of Plant Sciences and BiotechnologyFaculty of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShahid Beheshti UniversityTehranIran
| | | | - Asadollah Ahmadikhah
- Department of Plant Sciences and BiotechnologyFaculty of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShahid Beheshti UniversityTehranIran
| | - Nasser Mahna
- Department of Horticultural SciencesFaculty of AgricultureUniversity of TabrizTabrizIran
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Zhang Z, Gao X, Dong W, Huang B, Wang Y, Zhu M, Wang C. Plant cell wall breakdown by hindgut microorganisms: can we get scientific insights from rumen microorganisms? J Equine Vet Sci 2022; 115:104027. [PMID: 35661771 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2022.104027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Equines and ruminants have evolved as grazing herbivores with specialized gastrointestinal tracts capable of utilizing a wide range of fibrous feeds. In China, agricultural by-products, including corn straw, wheat straw, peanut vine, wheat husk, rice husk, and grass hay, have been extensively included in both equine and ruminant diets. These plant materials, which are composed predominantly of cellulose, hemicellulose, noncellulosic polysaccharides, and lignin, are largely undegradable by equines and ruminants themselves. Their breakdown is accomplished by communities of resident microorganisms that live in symbiotic or mutualistic associations with the host. Information relating to microbial composition in the hindgut and rumen has become increasingly available. Rumen fermentation is unique in that plant cell wall breakdown relies on the cooperation between microorganisms that produce fibrolytic enzymes and that ruminant animals provide an anaerobic fermentation chamber. Similar to the rumen, the equine hindgut is also an immensely enlarged fermentative chamber that includes an extremely abundant and highly complex community of microorganisms. However, few studies have characterized the microbial functions and their utilization process of lignocellulosic feeds within the equine hindgut. The process of understanding and describing plant cell wall degradation mechanisms in the equine hindgut ecosystem is important for providing information for proper feeding practices to be implemented. In the present study, we gather existing information on the rumen and equine ecosystem and provide scientific insights for understanding the process of plant cell wall breakdown within the hindgut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwei Zhang
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Agricultural Science and Engineering School, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Xu Gao
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Agricultural Science and Engineering School, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Wanting Dong
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Agricultural Science and Engineering School, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Bingjian Huang
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Agricultural Science and Engineering School, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Yonghui Wang
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Agricultural Science and Engineering School, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Mingxia Zhu
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Agricultural Science and Engineering School, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Changfa Wang
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, Agricultural Science and Engineering School, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China.
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Bachy C, Wittmers F, Muschiol J, Hamilton M, Henrissat B, Worden AZ. The Land-Sea Connection: Insights Into the Plant Lineage from a Green Algal Perspective. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 73:585-616. [PMID: 35259927 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-071921-100530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The colonization of land by plants generated opportunities for the rise of new heterotrophic life forms, including humankind. A unique event underpinned this massive change to earth ecosystems-the advent of eukaryotic green algae. Today, an abundant marine green algal group, the prasinophytes, alongside prasinodermophytes and nonmarine chlorophyte algae, is facilitating insights into plant developments. Genome-level data allow identification of conserved proteins and protein families with extensive modifications, losses, or gains and expansion patterns that connect to niche specialization and diversification. Here, we contextualize attributes according to Viridiplantae evolutionary relationships, starting with orthologous protein families, and then focusing on key elements with marked differentiation, resulting in patchy distributions across green algae and plants. We place attention on peptidoglycan biosynthesis, important for plastid division and walls; phytochrome photosensors that are master regulators in plants; and carbohydrate-active enzymes, essential to all manner of carbohydratebiotransformations. Together with advances in algal model systems, these areas are ripe for discovering molecular roles and innovations within and across plant and algal lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Bachy
- Ocean EcoSystems Biology Unit, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Fabian Wittmers
- Ocean EcoSystems Biology Unit, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jan Muschiol
- Ocean EcoSystems Biology Unit, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Maria Hamilton
- Ocean EcoSystems Biology Unit, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Bernard Henrissat
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, CNRS UMR 7257, Aix-Marseille Université (AMU), Marseille, France
- Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- DTU Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Alexandra Z Worden
- Ocean EcoSystems Biology Unit, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Marine Biological Laboratories, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany
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Dora S, Terrett OM, Sánchez-Rodríguez C. Plant-microbe interactions in the apoplast: Communication at the plant cell wall. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:1532-1550. [PMID: 35157079 PMCID: PMC9048882 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The apoplast is a continuous plant compartment that connects cells between tissues and organs and is one of the first sites of interaction between plants and microbes. The plant cell wall occupies most of the apoplast and is composed of polysaccharides and associated proteins and ions. This dynamic part of the cell constitutes an essential physical barrier and a source of nutrients for the microbe. At the same time, the plant cell wall serves important functions in the interkingdom detection, recognition, and response to other organisms. Thus, both plant and microbe modify the plant cell wall and its environment in versatile ways to benefit from the interaction. We discuss here crucial processes occurring at the plant cell wall during the contact and communication between microbe and plant. Finally, we argue that these local and dynamic changes need to be considered to fully understand plant-microbe interactions.
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Liu J, Sun C, Guo S, Yin X, Yuan Y, Fan B, Lv Q, Cai X, Zhong Y, Xia Y, Dong X, Guo Z, Song G, Huang W. Genomic and Transcriptomic Analyses Reveal Pathways and Genes Associated With Brittle Stalk Phenotype in Maize. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:849421. [PMID: 35548303 PMCID: PMC9083323 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.849421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The mechanical strength of the stalk affects the lodging resistance and digestibility of the stalk in maize. The molecular mechanisms regulating the brittleness of stalks in maize remain undefined. In this study, we constructed the maize brittle stalk mutant (bk5) by crossing the W22:Mu line with the Zheng 58 line. The brittle phenotype of the mutant bk5 existed in all of the plant organs after the five-leaf stage. Compared to wild-type (WT) plants, the sclerenchyma cells of bk5 stalks had a looser cell arrangement and thinner cell wall. Determination of cell wall composition showed that obvious differences in cellulose content, lignin content, starch content, and total soluble sugar were found between bk5 and WT stalks. Furthermore, we identified 226 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), with 164 genes significantly upregulated and 62 genes significantly downregulated in RNA-seq analysis. Some pathways related to cellulose and lignin synthesis, such as endocytosis and glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored biosynthesis, were identified by the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genomes (KEGG) and gene ontology (GO) analysis. In bulked-segregant sequence analysis (BSA-seq), we detected 2,931,692 high-quality Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) and identified five overlapped regions (11.2 Mb) containing 17 candidate genes with missense mutations or premature termination codons using the SNP-index methods. Some genes were involved in the cellulose synthesis-related genes such as ENTH/ANTH/VHS superfamily protein gene (endocytosis-related gene) and the lignin synthesis-related genes such as the cytochrome p450 gene. Some of these candidate genes identified from BSA-seq also existed with differential expression in RNA-seq analysis. These findings increase our understanding of the molecular mechanisms regulating the brittle stalk phenotype in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Maize Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling, China
| | - Chuanbo Sun
- Maize Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling, China
| | - Siqi Guo
- College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaohong Yin
- Maize Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling, China
| | - Yuling Yuan
- Hulun Buir Agricultural Reclamation Technology Development Co., Ltd., Hailar, China
| | - Bing Fan
- Hulun Buir Agricultural Reclamation Technology Development Co., Ltd., Hailar, China
| | - Qingxue Lv
- Maize Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling, China
| | - Xinru Cai
- Maize Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling, China
| | - Yi Zhong
- Maize Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling, China
| | - Yuanfeng Xia
- Maize Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling, China
| | - Xiaomei Dong
- College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhifu Guo
- College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Guangshu Song
- Maize Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Maize Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling, China
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Perrot T, Pauly M, Ramírez V. Emerging Roles of β-Glucanases in Plant Development and Adaptative Responses. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11091119. [PMID: 35567119 PMCID: PMC9099982 DOI: 10.3390/plants11091119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Plant β-glucanases are enzymes involved in the synthesis, remodelling and turnover of cell wall components during multiple physiological processes. Based on the type of the glycoside bond they cleave, plant β-glucanases have been grouped into three categories: (i) β-1,4-glucanases degrade cellulose and other polysaccharides containing 1,4-glycosidic bonds to remodel and disassemble the wall during cell growth. (ii) β-1,3-glucanases are responsible for the mobilization of callose, governing the symplastic trafficking through plasmodesmata. (iii) β-1,3-1,4-glucanases degrade mixed linkage glucan, a transient wall polysaccharide found in cereals, which is broken down to obtain energy during rapid seedling growth. In addition to their roles in the turnover of self-glucan structures, plant β-glucanases are crucial in regulating the outcome in symbiotic and hostile plant-microbe interactions by degrading non-self glucan structures. Plants use these enzymes to hydrolyse β-glucans found in the walls of microbes, not only by contributing to a local antimicrobial defence barrier, but also by generating signalling glucans triggering the activation of global responses. As a counterpart, microbes developed strategies to hijack plant β-glucanases to their advantage to successfully colonize plant tissues. This review outlines our current understanding on plant β-glucanases, with a particular focus on the latest advances on their roles in adaptative responses.
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Chen Y, Zhu C, Zhao Y, Zhang S, Wang W. Transcriptomics Integrated with Changes in Cell Wall Material of Chestnut (Castanea mollissima Blume) during Storage Provides a New Insight into the “Calcification” Process. Foods 2022; 11:foods11081136. [PMID: 35454723 PMCID: PMC9030872 DOI: 10.3390/foods11081136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chestnut “calcification” is the result of a series of physiological and biochemical changes during postharvest storage; however, the associated mechanisms are unclear. In this study, several potential calcification-related physicochemical parameters in chestnut, including moisture, cell wall materials, cellulose, lignin, and pectin, were measured. Transcriptome analysis was performed on chestnut seeds during different stages of storage. The results showed that the degree of calcification in the chestnut seeds was significantly negatively correlated with the moisture content (r = −0.961) at room temperature (20–25 °C) and a relative humidity of 50–60%. The accumulation of cell wall material in completely calcified seeds was 5.3 times higher than that of fresh seeds. The total content of cellulose and lignin increased during the storage process. Transcriptome analysis of 0% and 50% calcified chestnut was performed; a total of 1801 differentially expressed genes consisting of 805 up-regulated and 996 down-regulated genes were identified during the calcification process. Furthermore, response to water, water deprivation, and salt stress were most enriched by gene ontology (GO) and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways related to chestnut calcification included purine metabolism, RNA degradation, the mRNA surveillance pathway, starch and sucrose metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, and fatty acid metabolism, and were detected. Most of the genes involved in cellulose synthase, lignin catabolism, and pectin catabolism were down-regulated, while only two important genes, scaffold11300 and scaffold0412, were up-regulated, which were annotated as cellulose and pectin synthase genes, respectively. These two genes may contribute to the increase of total cell wall material accumulation during chestnut calcification. The results provided new insights into chestnut calcification process and laid a foundation for further chestnut preservation.
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Molecular studies of cellulose synthase supercomplex from cotton fiber reveal its unique biochemical properties. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2022; 65:1776-1793. [PMID: 35394636 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2083-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cotton fiber is a highly elongated and thickened single cell that produces large quantities of cellulose, which is synthesized and assembled into cell wall microfibrils by the cellulose synthase complex (CSC). In this study, we report that in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) fibers harvested during secondary cell wall (SCW) synthesis, GhCesA 4, 7, and 8 assembled into heteromers in a previously uncharacterized 36-mer-like cellulose synthase supercomplex (CSS). This super CSC was observed in samples prepared using cotton fiber cells harvested during the SCW synthesis period but not from cotton stem tissue or any samples obtained from Arabidopsis. Knock-out of any of GhCesA 4, 7, and 8 resulted in the disappearance of the CSS and the production of fiber cells with no SCW thickening. Cotton fiber CSS showed significantly higher enzyme activity than samples prepared from knock-out cotton lines. We found that the microfibrils from the SCW of wild-type cotton fibers may contain 72 glucan chains in a bundle, unlike other plant materials studied. GhCesA4, 7, and 8 restored both the dwarf and reduced vascular bundle phenotypes of their orthologous Arabidopsis mutants, potentially by reforming the CSC hexamers. Genetic complementation was not observed when non-orthologous CesA genes were used, indicating that each of the three subunits is indispensable for CSC formation and for full cellulose synthase function. Characterization of cotton CSS will increase our understanding of the regulation of SCW biosynthesis.
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Deligey F, Frank MA, Cho SH, Kirui A, Mentink-Vigier F, Swulius MT, Nixon BT, Wang T. Structure of In Vitro-Synthesized Cellulose Fibrils Viewed by Cryo-Electron Tomography and 13C Natural-Abundance Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Solid-State NMR. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:2290-2301. [PMID: 35341242 PMCID: PMC9198983 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c01674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Cellulose, the most
abundant biopolymer, is a central source for
renewable energy and functionalized materials. In vitro synthesis of cellulose microfibrils (CMFs) has become possible using
purified cellulose synthase (CESA) isoforms from Physcomitrium
patens and hybrid aspen. The exact nature of these in vitro fibrils remains unknown. Here, we characterize in vitro-synthesized fibers made by CESAs present in membrane
fractions of P. patens over-expressing
CESA5 by cryo-electron tomography and dynamic nuclear polarization
(DNP) solid-state NMR. DNP enabled measuring two-dimensional 13C–13C correlation spectra without isotope-labeling
of the fibers. Results show structural similarity between in vitro fibrils and native CMF in plant cell walls. Intensity
quantifications agree with the 18-chain structural model for plant
CMF and indicate limited fibrillar bundling. The in vitro system thus reveals insights into cell wall synthesis and may contribute
to novel cellulosic materials. The integrated DNP and cryo-electron
tomography methods are also applicable to structural studies of other
carbohydrate-based biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Deligey
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Mark A Frank
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Sung Hyun Cho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Alex Kirui
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | | | - Matthew T Swulius
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
| | - B Tracy Nixon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Tuo Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
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Keynia S, Davis TC, Szymanski DB, Turner JA. Cell twisting during desiccation reveals axial asymmetry in wall organization. Biophys J 2022; 121:932-942. [PMID: 35151632 PMCID: PMC8943815 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant cell size and shape are tuned to their function and specified primarily by cellulose microfibril (CMF) patterning of the cell wall. Arabidopsis thaliana leaf trichomes are unicellular structures that act as a physical defense to deter insect feeding. This highly polarized cell type employs a strongly anisotropic cellulose wall to extend and taper, generating sharply pointed branches. During elongation, the mechanisms by which shifts in fiber orientation generate cells with predictable sizes and shapes are unknown. Specifically, the axisymmetric growth of trichome branches is often thought to result from axisymmetric CMF patterning. Here, we analyzed the direction and degree of twist of branches after desiccation to reveal the presence of an asymmetric cell wall organization with a left-hand bias. CMF organization, quantified using computational modeling, suggests a limited reorientation of microfibrils during growth and a maximum branch length limited by the wall axial stiffness. The model provides a mechanism for CMF asymmetry, which occurs after the branch bending stiffness becomes low enough that ambient bending affects the principal stresses. After this stage, the CMF synthesis results in a constant bending stiffness for longer branches. The bending vibration natural frequencies of branches with respect to their length are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedighe Keynia
- Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska
| | - Thomas C Davis
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Daniel B Szymanski
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Joseph A Turner
- Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska.
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Zhang S, Sheng H, Ma Y, Wei Y, Liu D, Dou Y, Cui H, Liang B, Liesche J, Li J, Chen S. Mutation of CESA1 phosphorylation site influences pectin synthesis and methylesterification with a role in seed development. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 270:153631. [PMID: 35180541 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Cell wall biogenesis is required for the production of seeds of higher plants. However, little is known about regulatory mechanisms underlying cell wall biogenesis during seed formation. Here we show a role for the phosphorylation of Arabidopsis cellulose synthase 1 (AtCESA1) in modulating pectin synthesis and methylesterification in seed coat mucilage. A phosphor-null mutant of AtCESA1 on T166 (AtCESA1T166A) was constructed and introduced into a null mutant of AtCESA1 (Atcesa1-1). The resulting transgenic lines showed a slight but significant decrease in cellulose contents in mature seeds. Defects in cellulosic ray architecture along with reduced levels of non-adherent and adherent mucilage were observed on the seeds of the AtCESA1T166A mutant. Reduced mucilage pectin synthesis was also reflected by a decrease in the level of uronic acid. Meanwhile, an increase in the degree of pectin methylesterification was also observed in the seed coat mucilage of AtCESA1T166A mutant. Change in seed development was further reflected by a delayed germination and about 50% increase in the accumulation of proanthocyanidins, which is known to bind pectin and inhibit seed germination as revealed by previous studies. Taken together, the results suggest a role of AtCESA1 phosphorylation on T166 in modulating mucilage pectin synthesis and methylesterification as well as cellulose synthesis with a role in seed development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangxi Zhang
- Biomass Energy Center for Arid Lands, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Huachun Sheng
- Biomass Energy Center for Arid Lands, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yue Ma
- Biomass Energy Center for Arid Lands, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yanping Wei
- Biomass Energy Center for Arid Lands, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Biomass Energy Center for Arid Lands, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yanhua Dou
- Biomass Energy Center for Arid Lands, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Huiying Cui
- Biomass Energy Center for Arid Lands, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Boyou Liang
- Biomass Energy Center for Arid Lands, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Johannes Liesche
- Biomass Energy Center for Arid Lands, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jisheng Li
- Biomass Energy Center for Arid Lands, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Shaolin Chen
- Biomass Energy Center for Arid Lands, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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Xiao L, Liang H, Jiang G, Ding X, Liu X, Sun J, Jiang Y, Song L, Duan X. Proteome-wide identification of non-histone lysine methylation in tomato during fruit ripening. J Adv Res 2022; 42:177-188. [PMID: 36513412 PMCID: PMC9788949 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Histone and non-histone methylations are important post-translational modifications in plants. Histone methylation plays a crucial role in regulating chromatin structure and gene expression. However, the involvement of non-histone methylation in plant biological processes remains largely unknown. METHODS The methylated substrates and methylation sites during tomato fruit ripening were identified by LC-MS/MS. Bioinformatics of lysine methylated proteins was conducted to analyze the possible role of methylated proteins. The effects of methylation modification on protein functions were preliminarily investigated by site-directed mutation simulation. RESULTS A total of 241 lysine methylation (mono-, di- and trimethylation) sites in 176 proteins were identified with two conserved methylation motifs: xxxxxxExxx_K_xxxExxxxxx and xxxxxxExxx_K_xxxxxxxxxx. These methylated proteins were mainly related to fruit ripening and senescence, oxidation reduction process, signal transduction, stimulus and stress responses, and energy metabolism. Three representative proteins, thioredoxin (Trx), glutathione S-transferase T1 (GST T1), and NADH dehydrogenase (NOX), were selected to investigate the effect of methylation modifications on protein activity. Mimicking demethylation led to decreased Trx activity but increased GST T1 and NOX activities. In addition, RT-qPCR exhibited that the expression of many genes that encode proteins subjected to methylation was upregulated during fruit ripening. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that tomato fruit ripening undergo non-histone lysine methylation, which may participate in the regulation of fruit ripening. It is the first report of methyl proteome profiling of non-histone lysine in horticultural crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China,Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-products of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China,Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Hanzhi Liang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guoxiang Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Xiaochun Ding
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Xuncheng Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China,Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Agro-food Science and Technology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Yueming Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China,Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Lili Song
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an 311300, Zhejiang Province, China,Corresponding authors at: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China (X. Duan).
| | - Xuewu Duan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China,Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China,Agro-food Science and Technology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China,Corresponding authors at: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China (X. Duan).
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