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Feijo JC, Vieira SL, Maria DDB, Horn RM, Favero A, Altevogt WE, Nicola BS. Dietary contribution of iron from limestone and dicalcium phosphate for broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103558. [PMID: 38442559 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Iron is routinely supplemented in broiler feeds aiming to prevent dietary deficiencies. Limestone and phosphates are very rich in Fe; however, its contribution from these sources have not been thoroughly investigated with chickens. The present research was conducted to evaluate live performance and blood parameters of broilers when using limestone and dicalcium phosphate as sources of Fe. A total of 576 one-day-old male Cobb x Cobb 500 were allocated into a total of 72 battery cages, 6 treatments with 12 replication cages of 8 chicks at placement. Chicks were fed diets formulated with corn, soybean meal (SBM) with laboratory grade calcium carbonate and phosphoric acid (having traces of Fe). All chicks were fed a common prestarter without Fe supplementation (analyzed total 58.2 ± 2.4 mg/kg Fe) from placement to 7 d. Allocation of birds to dietary treatments was completely randomized on day 8. Treatments had increasing Fe derived from commercial limestone and dicalcium phosphate (analyzed Fe 7,218 and 4,783 mg/kg, respectively) progressively replacing calcium carbonate and phosphoric acid to provide graded increases in total Fe (analyzed Fe in the feeds were 57.6 ± 2.1, 92.0 ± 2.3, 124.1 ± 2.7, 159.3 ± 3.1, 187.2 ± 3.2, 223.7 ± 3.6 mg/kg, respectively). There were no effects of dietary Fe on live performance, hematocrit, and hemoglobin the end of the study on day 28 (P > 0.05). Increasing dietary Fe from commercial limestone and dicalcium phosphate led to a linear reduction in the percent ileal digestible Fe. However, linear increments in Fe retention, serum ferritin and liver Fe occurred when compared to feeds without Fe derived from limestone and phosphate dicalcium. It is concluded that Fe from limestone and dicalcium phosphate can be partially utilized by broiler chickens. It was estimated that the Fe retained from limestone and dicalcium phosphate is of 1.9%. Broilers fed corn-soy feeds (58.2 mg/kg Fe) do not require supplemental Fe.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Feijo
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 91540-000 Brazil
| | - S L Vieira
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 91540-000 Brazil.
| | - D D B Maria
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 91540-000 Brazil
| | - R M Horn
- Independent Consultant, Rua General Osorio, Garibaldi, RS 95720-000, Brazil
| | - A Favero
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 91540-000 Brazil
| | - W E Altevogt
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 91540-000 Brazil
| | - B S Nicola
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 91540-000 Brazil
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“Ferrocrinology”—Iron Is an Important Factor Involved in Gluco- and Lipocrinology. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14214693. [DOI: 10.3390/nu14214693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
“Ferrocrinology” is the term used to describe the study of iron effects on the functioning of adipose tissue, which together with muscle tissue makes the largest endocrine organ in the human body. By impairing exercise capacity, reducing AMP-activated kinase activity, and enhancing insulin resistance, iron deficiency can lead to the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Due to impaired browning of white adipose tissue and reduced mitochondrial iron content in adipocytes, iron deficiency (ID) can cause dysfunction of brown adipose tissue. By reducing ketogenesis, aconitase activity, and total mitochondrial capacity, ID impairs muscle performance. Another important aspect is the effect of ID on the impairment of thermogenesis due to reduced binding of thyroid hormones to their nuclear receptors, with subsequently impaired utilization of norepinephrine in tissues, and impaired synthesis and distribution of cortisol, which all make the body’s reactivity to stress in ID more pronounced. Iron deficiency can lead to the development of the most common endocrinopathy, autoimmune thyroid disease. In this paper, we have discussed the role of iron in the cross-talk between glucocrinology, lipocrinology and myocrinology, with thyroid hormones acting as an active bystander.
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Szklarz M, Gontarz-Nowak K, Matuszewski W, Bandurska-Stankiewicz E. Can Iron Play a Crucial Role in Maintaining Cardiovascular Health in the 21st Century? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11990. [PMID: 36231287 PMCID: PMC9565681 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191911990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In the 21st century the heart is facing more and more challenges so it should be brave and iron to meet these challenges. We are living in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic, population aging, prevalent obesity, diabetes and autoimmune diseases, environmental pollution, mass migrations and new potential pandemic threats. In our article we showed sophisticated and complex regulations of iron metabolism. We discussed the impact of iron metabolism on heart diseases, treatment of heart failure, diabetes and obesity. We faced the problems of constant stress, climate change, environmental pollution, migrations and epidemics and showed that iron is really essential for heart metabolism in the 21st century.
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Starčević Čizmarević N, Ćurko-Cofek B, Barac-Latas V, Peterlin B, Ristić S. Lack of association between C282Y and H63D polymorphisms in the hemochromatosis gene and risk of multiple sclerosis: A meta-analysis. Biomed Rep 2022; 16:12. [PMID: 34987796 DOI: 10.3892/br.2021.1495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence supports the potential role of iron metabolism in multiple sclerosis (MS). Previous studies examining the association between polymorphisms of the hemochromatosis gene (HFE) and susceptibility to MS have yielded inconsistent results. In the present study, a meta-analysis of 7 studies was performed conducted in populations of Caucasian origin using the Comprehensive Meta-analysis 3.0 software. The strength of association between the C282Y and H63D polymorphisms in HFE and MS risk was estimated by odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. Cochran's Q statistic and I2 tests were applied to quantify heterogeneity between studies. An Egger's test was used to estimate publication bias. The C282Y and H63D polymorphisms had no significant association with increased MS risk (all P≥0.05) in the following genetic comparison models: Dominant model (YY + CY vs. CC or DD + HD vs. HH) and allele contrast (Y vs. C or D vs. H). No apparent publication bias or significant heterogeneity was found between studies. These results suggest that the HFE polymorphisms C282Y and H63D are not associated with susceptibility to MS in populations of Caucasian origin. Further studies should be performed in a larger series of MS patients to evaluate the contribution of HFE and other genetic variants associated with iron regulation in the development and progression of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Starčević Čizmarević
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Božena Ćurko-Cofek
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Vesna Barac-Latas
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Borut Peterlin
- Clinical Institute of Genomic Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Smiljana Ristić
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW At elevated levels, the essential element manganese (Mn) is neurotoxic and increasing evidence indicates that environmental Mn exposure early in life negatively affects neurodevelopment. In this review, we describe how underlying genetics may confer susceptibility to elevated Mn concentrations and how the epigenetic effects of Mn may explain the association between Mn exposure early in life and its toxic effects later in life. RECENT FINDINGS Common polymorphisms in the Mn transporter genes SLC30A10 and SLC39A8 seem to have a large impact on intracellular Mn levels and, in turn, neurotoxicity. Genetic variation in iron regulatory genes may to lesser extent also influence Mn levels and toxicity. Recent studies on Mn and epigenetic mechanisms indicate that Mn-related changes in DNA methylation occur early in life. One human and two animal studies found persistent changes from in utero exposure to Mn but whether these changes have functional effects remains unknown. Genetics seems to play a major role in susceptibility to Mn toxicity and should therefore be considered in risk assessment. Mn appears to interfere with epigenetic processes, potentially leading to persistent changes in developmental programming, which warrants further study.
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Aguree S, Guo L, Reddy MB. Phytic Acid Protects from Oxidative Stress Induced by Iron-Overload and High-Fat Diets in ß2-Microglobulin Knockout Mice. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225331. [PMID: 33203173 PMCID: PMC7697163 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine the protective effect of phytic acid (PA) in reducing oxidative stress in an animal model for human hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) fed high-fat diets. Sixty-four ß2 microglobulin knockout (β2m KO) mice were randomly assigned to three treatments by feeding: control (basal), atherogenic (AT), and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) diets. One-half of the mice in each treatment group were fed 2% (wt/wt) PA. The ß2m+/+ mice (wild type (WT)) were fed a basal diet. All seven groups were fed for 10 weeks with a 50-ppm iron-containing diet (AIN-93G). Free iron and lipids were measured in serum samples. Nonheme iron, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase concentrations were measured in the liver tissue. Nonheme iron concentration in ß2m KO mice (on the basal diet) was 20× higher (p < 0.0001) than in the WT mice. Compared to the WT mice, ß2m KO mice had a significantly higher concentration of free iron in the serum (p < 0.0001), six-fold higher hepatic TBARs (p < 0.0001), and 18% lower hepatic SOD level. When PA was added to the β2m KO basal diet, a reduction (26 to 50%) of iron concentration was seen in the liver and heart. The addition of PA also significantly reduced TBARs in all three dietary groups of the iron-overloaded group, but most effectively in the control group. An increase in SOD concentration was seen only in the PUFA group, but serum triacylglycerol (TG) concentration was reduced in both dietary fat groups. In conclusion, our results suggest that PA protects against oxidative stress-induced by genetic iron overload alone or when fed high fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sixtus Aguree
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (S.A.); (L.G.)
| | - Ling Guo
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (S.A.); (L.G.)
- Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, IA 50131, USA
| | - Manju B. Reddy
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (S.A.); (L.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-515-294-2024
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A Modern View on the Diagnostic and Therapy Anemia Chronic Diseases Problems. Fam Med 2019. [DOI: 10.30841/2307-5112.3.2019.178588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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8
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Almutairi MMA, Xu G, Shi H. Iron Pathophysiology in Stroke. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1173:105-123. [PMID: 31456207 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-9589-5_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke are the common types of stroke that lead to brain injury neurological deficits and mortality. All forms of stroke remain a serious health issue, and there is little successful development of drugs for treating stroke. Incomplete understanding of stroke pathophysiology is considered the main barrier that limits this research progress. Besides mitochondria and free radical-producing enzymes, labile iron is an important contributor to oxidative stress. Although iron regulation and metabolism in cerebral stroke are not fully understood, much progress has been achieved in recent years. For example, hepcidin has recently been recognized as the principal regulator of systemic iron homeostasis and a bridge between inflammation and iron regulation. This review discusses recent research progress in iron pathophysiology following cerebral stroke, focusing molecular regulation of iron metabolism and potential treatment targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M A Almutairi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Grace Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Honglian Shi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA.
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Chung JY, Kim HS, Song J. Iron metabolism in diabetes-induced Alzheimer's disease: a focus on insulin resistance in the brain. Biometals 2018; 31:705-714. [PMID: 30043289 PMCID: PMC6133192 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-018-0134-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by an excessive accumulation of toxic amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques and memory dysfunction. The onset of AD is influenced by age, genetic background, and impaired glucose metabolism in the brain. Several studies have demonstrated that diabetes involving insulin resistance and glucose tolerance could lead to AD, ultimately resulting in cognitive dysfunction. Even though the relationship between diabetes and AD was indicated by significant evidences, the critical mechanisms and metabolic alterations in diabetes induced AD are not clear until now. Recently, iron metabolism has been shown to play multiple roles in the central nervous system (CNS). Iron deficiency and overload are associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Iron binds to Aβ and subsequently regulates Aβ toxicity in the CNS. In addition, previous studies have shown that iron is involved in the aggravation of insulin resistance. Considering these effects of iron metabolism in CNS, we expect that iron metabolism may play crucial roles in diabetic AD brain. Thus, we review the recent evidence regarding the relationship between diabetes-induced AD and iron metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yeon Chung
- Department of Neurology, Chosun University School of Medicine and Hospital, Gwangju, 61452, South Korea
| | - Hyung-Seok Kim
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, 61469, South Korea.
| | - Juhyun Song
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, 61469, South Korea.
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10
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Oxidative stress and neurodegeneration: the involvement of iron. Biometals 2018; 31:715-735. [PMID: 30014355 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-018-0126-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Many evidences indicate that oxidative stress plays a significant role in a variety of human disease states, including neurodegenerative diseases. Iron is an essential metal for almost all living organisms due to its involvement in a large number of iron-containing proteins and enzymes, though it could be also toxic. Actually, free iron excess generates oxidative stress, particularly in brain, where anti-oxidative defences are relatively low. Its accumulation in specific regions is associated with pathogenesis in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases (i.e., Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's chorea, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Neurodegeneration with Brain Iron Accumulation). Anyway, the extent of toxicity is dictated, in part, by the localization of the iron complex within the cell (cytosolic, lysosomal and mitochondrial), its biochemical form, i.e., ferritin or hemosiderin, as well as the ability of the cell to prevent the generation and propagation of free radical by the wide range of antioxidants and cytoprotective enzymes in the cell. Particularly, ferrous iron can act as a catalyst in the Fenton reaction that potentiates oxygen toxicity by generating a wide range of free radical species, including hydroxyl radicals (·OH). The observation that patients with neurodegenerative diseases show a dramatic increase in their brain iron content, correlated with the production of reactive oxigen species in these areas of the brain, conceivably suggests that disturbances in brain iron homeostasis may contribute to the pathogenesis of these disorders. The aim of this review is to describe the chemical features of iron in human beings and iron induced toxicity in neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, the attention is focused on metal chelating drugs therapeutic strategies.
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Richardson KJ, McNamee AP, Simmonds MJ. Haemochromatosis: Pathophysiology and the red blood cell1. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2018; 69:295-304. [DOI: 10.3233/ch-189128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Antony P. McNamee
- Biorheology Research Laboratory, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Michael J. Simmonds
- Biorheology Research Laboratory, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
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Abstract
Stress erythropoiesis (SE) is characterized by an imbalance in erythroid proliferation and differentiation under increased demands of erythrocyte generation and tissue oxygenation. β-thalassemia represents a chronic state of SE, called ineffective erythropoiesis (IE), exhibiting an expansion of erythroid-progenitor pool and deposition of alpha chains on erythrocyte membranes, causing cell death and anemia. Concurrently, there is a decrease in hepcidin expression and a subsequent state of iron overload. There are substantial investigative efforts to target increased iron absorption under IE. There are also avenues for targeting cell contact and signaling within erythroblastic islands under SE, for therapeutic benefits.
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13
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Ye Q, Park JE, Gugnani K, Betharia S, Pino-Figueroa A, Kim J. Influence of iron metabolism on manganese transport and toxicity. Metallomics 2017; 9:1028-1046. [PMID: 28620665 DOI: 10.1039/c7mt00079k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Although manganese (Mn) is critical for the proper functioning of various metabolic enzymes and cofactors, excess Mn in the brain causes neurotoxicity. While the exact transport mechanism of Mn has not been fully understood, several importers and exporters for Mn have been identified over the past decade. In addition to Mn-specific transporters, it has been demonstrated that iron transporters can mediate Mn transport in the brain and peripheral tissues. However, while the expression of iron transporters is regulated by body iron stores, whether or not disorders of iron metabolism modify Mn homeostasis has not been systematically discussed. The present review will provide an update on the role of altered iron status in the transport and toxicity of Mn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Ye
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue 148TF, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Achi H, Moukalled N, Mahfouz R, Piperno A, Taher A. Novel mutation in the Transferrin receptor-2 in a patient with Hereditary Hemochromatosis type 3. Meta Gene 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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15
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Levodopa Responsive Parkinsonism in Patients with Hemochromatosis: Case Presentation and Literature Review. Case Rep Neurol Med 2017; 2017:5146723. [PMID: 28424751 PMCID: PMC5382304 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5146723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemochromatosis is an autosomal recessive disorder which leads to abnormal iron deposition in the parenchyma of multiple organs causing tissue damage. Accumulation of iron in the brain has been postulated to be associated with several neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease. The excess iron promotes Parkin and α-synuclein aggregation in the neurons. Excess iron has also been noted in substantia nigra on MRI especially using susceptibility weighted imaging in patients with Parkinson's disease. We present a case of a young male with alleles for both C282Y and H63D who presented with signs of Parkinsonism and demonstrated significant improvement with levodopa treatment.
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Shahbaaz M, Rahman S, Khan P, Kim J, Hassan MI. Classification and structural analyses of mutational landscapes in hemochromatosis factor E protein: A protein defective in the hereditary hemochromatosis. GENE REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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17
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Laftah AH, Simpson RJ, Latunde-Dada GO. Intestinal heme absorption in hemochromatosis gene knock-out mice. World J Hematol 2017; 6:17-23. [DOI: 10.5315/wjh.v6.i1.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigat the influence of hemochromatosis gene (Hfe) mutation on 59Fe labelled duodenal heme absorption in mice.
METHODS Heme absorption was measured in Hfe wild type and Hfe(-/-) mice by the duodenal tied loop and by oral gavage methods. The mRNA expression of heme oxygenase (HO-1), Abcg2 and Flvcr1 genes and levels were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction.
RESULTS Heme absorption was significantly increased in homozygous Hfe(-/-) mice despite significant hepatic and splenic iron overload. While duodenal HO-1 mRNA was highly expressed in the wild type and Hfe(-/-) heme-treated group following 24 h heme administration, Flvcr1a mRNA decreased. However, Abcg2 mRNA expression levels in duodenum remained unchanged.
CONCLUSION Heme absorption was enhanced in Hfe(-/-) mice from both duodenal tied-loop segments and by oral gavage methods. HO-1 mRNA levels were enhanced in mice duodenum after 24 h of heme feeding and may account for enhanced heme absorption in Hfe(-/-) mice. Implications for dietary recommendations on heme intake by Hfe subjects to modulate iron loading are important clinical considerations.
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18
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Khan P, Parkash A, Islam A, Ahmad F, Hassan MI. Molecular basis of the structural stability of hemochromatosis factor E: A combined molecular dynamic simulation and GdmCl-induced denaturation study. Biopolymers 2016; 105:133-42. [PMID: 26537310 DOI: 10.1002/bip.22760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Hemochromatosis factor E (HFE) is a member of class I MHC family and plays a significant role in the iron homeostasis. Denaturation of HFE induced by guanidinium chloride (GdmCl) was measured by monitoring changes in [θ]222 (mean residue ellipticity at 222 nm), intrinsic fluorescence emission intensity at 346 nm (F346 ) and the difference absorption coefficient at 287 nm (Δε287) at pH 8.0 and 25°C. Coincidence of denaturation curves of these optical properties suggests that GdmCl-induced denaturation (native (N) state ↔ denatured (D) state) is a two-state process. The GdmCl-induced denaturation was found reversible in the entire concentration range of the denaturant. All denaturation curves were analyzed for ΔGD0, Gibbs free energy change associated with the denaturation equilibrium (N state ↔ D state) in the absence of GdmCl, which is a measure of HFE stability. We further performed molecular dynamics simulation for 40 ns to see the effect of GdmCl on the structural stability of HFE. A well defined correlation was established between in vitro and in silico studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvez Khan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Amresh Parkash
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Asimul Islam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Faizan Ahmad
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
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Structural basis of urea-induced unfolding: Unraveling the folding pathway of hemochromatosis factor E. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 91:1051-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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20
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Luo QQ, Qian ZM, Zhou YF, Zhang MW, Wang D, Zhu L, Ke Y. Expression of Iron Regulatory Protein 1 Is Regulated not only by HIF-1 but also pCREB under Hypoxia. Int J Biol Sci 2016; 12:1191-1202. [PMID: 27766034 PMCID: PMC5069441 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.16437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The inconsistent of responses of IRP1 and HIF-1 alpha to hypoxia and the similar tendencies in the changes of IRP1 and pCREB contents led us to hypothesize that pCREB might be involved in the regulation of IRP1 under hypoxia. Here, we investigated the role of pCREB in IRP1 expression in HepG2 cells under hypoxia using quantitative PCR, western blot, immunofluorescence, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). We demonstrated that 1) Hypoxia increased pCREB levels inside of the nucleus; 2) Putative CREs were found in the IRP1 gene; 3) Nuclear extracts of HepG2 cells treated with hypoxia could bind to CRE1 and CRE3, and 100-fold competitor of putative CREs could abolish the binding activity to varying degrees; 4) pCREB was found in the CRE1 and CRE3 DNA-protein complexes of EMSA; 5) CRE1 and CRE3 binding activity of IRP1 depended on CREB activation but not on HIF-1; 6) Increased IRP1 expression under hypoxia could be prevented by LY294002; 7) ChIP assays demonstrated that pCREB binds to IRP1 promoter; and 8) HIF-1 and/or HIF-2 siRNA had no effect on the expression of pCREB and IRP1 proteins in cells treated with hypoxia for 8 hours. Our findings evidenced for the involvement of pCREB in IRP1 expression and revealed a dominant role of PI3K/Akt pathway in CREB activation under hypoxia and also suggested that dual-regulation of IRP1 expression by HIF-1 and pCERB or other transcription factor(s) under hypoxia might be a common mechanism in most if not all of hypoxia-inducible genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Qian Luo
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Nautical Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China; Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, FudanUniversity School of Pharmacy,826 Zhang Heng Road, Pu Dong, Shanghai201203, China
| | - Zhong-Ming Qian
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Nautical Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China; Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, FudanUniversity School of Pharmacy,826 Zhang Heng Road, Pu Dong, Shanghai201203, China
| | - Yu-Fu Zhou
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, FudanUniversity School of Pharmacy,826 Zhang Heng Road, Pu Dong, Shanghai201203, China; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, NT, Hong Kong
| | - Meng-Wan Zhang
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, FudanUniversity School of Pharmacy,826 Zhang Heng Road, Pu Dong, Shanghai201203, China; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, NT, Hong Kong
| | - Dang Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Nautical Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Nautical Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Ya Ke
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, FudanUniversity School of Pharmacy,826 Zhang Heng Road, Pu Dong, Shanghai201203, China; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, NT, Hong Kong
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Barton JC, Edwards CQ, Acton RT. HFE gene: Structure, function, mutations, and associated iron abnormalities. Gene 2015; 574:179-92. [PMID: 26456104 PMCID: PMC6660136 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The hemochromatosis gene HFE was discovered in 1996, more than a century after clinical and pathologic manifestations of hemochromatosis were reported. Linked to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) on chromosome 6p, HFE encodes the MHC class I-like protein HFE that binds beta-2 microglobulin. HFE influences iron absorption by modulating the expression of hepcidin, the main controller of iron metabolism. Common HFE mutations account for ~90% of hemochromatosis phenotypes in whites of western European descent. We review HFE mapping and cloning, structure, promoters and controllers, and coding region mutations, HFE protein structure, cell and tissue expression and function, mouse Hfe knockouts and knockins, and HFE mutations in other mammals with iron overload. We describe the pertinence of HFE and HFE to mechanisms of iron homeostasis, the origin and fixation of HFE polymorphisms in European and other populations, and the genetic and biochemical basis of HFE hemochromatosis and iron overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C Barton
- Southern Iron Disorders Center, Birmingham, AL, USA and Department of Medicine; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Corwin Q Edwards
- Department of Medicine, Intermountain Medical Center and University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Ronald T Acton
- Southern Iron Disorders Center, Birmingham, AL, USA and Department of Medicine; Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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Gazzina S, Premi E, Zanella I, Biasiotto G, Archetti S, Cosseddu M, Scarpini E, Galimberti D, Serpente M, Gasparotti R, Padovani A, Borroni B. Iron in Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration: A New Subcortical Pathological Pathway? NEURODEGENER DIS 2015; 16:172-8. [PMID: 26613252 DOI: 10.1159/000440843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Brain iron homeostasis dysregulation has been widely related to neurodegeneration. In particular, human haemochromatosis protein (HFE) is involved in iron metabolism, and HFE H63D polymorphism has been related to the risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease. Recently, iron accumulation in the basal ganglia of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) patients has been described. OBJECTIVE To explore the relationship between HFE genetic variation and demographic, clinical and imaging characteristics in a large cohort of FTLD patients. METHODS A total of 110 FTLD patients underwent neuropsychological and imaging evaluation and blood sampling for HFE polymorphism determination. HFE H63D polymorphism was considered in the present study. Two imaging approaches were applied to evaluate the effect of HFE genetic variation on brain atrophy, namely voxel-based morphometry and region of interest-based probabilistic approach (SPM8; Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging). RESULTS FTLD patients carrying the D* genotype (H/D or D/D) showed greater atrophy in the basal ganglia, bilaterally, compared to H/H carriers (x, y, z: -22, -4, 0; T = 3.45; cluster size: 33 voxels, x, y, z: 24, 4, -2; T = 3.38; cluster size: 36 voxels). The former group had even more pronounced behavioural symptoms, as defined by the Frontal Behavioural Inventory total scores. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that H63D polymorphism could represent a disease-modifying gene in FTLD, fostering iron deposition in the basal ganglia. This suggests a new possible mechanism of FTLD-associated neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Gazzina
- Neurology Unit, Centre for Ageing Brain and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Spedali Civili, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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23
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Lipopolysaccharides upregulate hepcidin in neuron via microglia and the IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 50:811-20. [PMID: 24659348 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8671-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is closely related to brain iron homeostasis. Our previous study demonstrated that lipopolysaccharides (LPS) can regulate expression of iron-regulatory peptide hepcidin; however, the mechanism is undefined. Here, we demonstrated that intracerebroventricular injection of LPS in rat brain upregulated hepcidin and downregulated ferroportin 1 in the cortex and substantia nigra. LPS increased hepcidin expression in neurons only when they were co-cultured with BV-2 microglia, and the upregulation was suppressed by IL-6 neutralizing antibody in vitro. In addition, IL-6 but not IL-1α, IL-1β, or tumor necrosis factor-alpha increased hepcidin expression and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation in cortical neurons and MES23.5 dopaminergic neurons. These effects were blocked by the STAT3 inhibitor, stattic. Our results show that neurons are the major source of increased hepcidin expression in response to LPS challenge but microglia play a key mediator role by releasing IL-6 and recruiting the STAT3 pathway. We conclude that LPS upregulates hepcidin expression in neurons via microglia and the IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway.
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24
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Leite Â, Dinis MAP, Sequeiros J, Paúl C. Subjects At-Risk for Genetic Diseases in Portugal: Illness Representations. J Genet Couns 2015; 25:79-89. [PMID: 25986962 DOI: 10.1007/s10897-015-9846-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates illness representations of subjects at-risk for 3 autosomal dominant late-onset disorders: Familial Amyloid Polyneuropathy (FAP) TTR V30M, Huntington's disease (HD) and Machado-Joseph disease (MJD), comparing them with the illness representations of subjects at-risk for Hemochromatosis (HH). The present study included a clinical group that consisted of 213 subjects at genetic risk (FAP, HD and MJD), comprising 174 subjects at-risk for FAP, 34 subjects at-risk for HD and only 5 subjects at-risk for MJD; and the control group consisting of 31 subjects at genetic risk for HH. All subjects at-risk were undergoing the process of genetic counseling to learn their genetic status (carrier or non-carrier). Subjects were assessed through a semi-structured single interview, in order to obtain sociodemographic data and the answer to an open-ended question relating to the illness representation issue: "What does this illness mean to you?/ What is this disease to you?" It was in the subjects' metaphors that subjects best expressed what they felt regarding the disease and the situation of being at-risk for this disease. Family is their mirror and their source of learning and, therefore, it is inevitable that family is related to the meaning of the disease itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ângela Leite
- Faculty of Psychology (ULP), Lusophone University of Oporto, Rua Augusto Rosa n° 24, 4000-098, Porto, Portugal.
- Center for Predictive and Preventive Genetics (CGPP), Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMC), Porto, Portugal.
| | - Maria Alzira P Dinis
- Faculty of Science and Technology (FCT-UFP), University of Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Sequeiros
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Salazar (ICBAS), Porto, Portugal
- Center for Predictive and Preventive Genetics (CGPP), Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMC), Porto, Portugal
- I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University Porto, Oporto, Portugal
| | - Constança Paúl
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Salazar (ICBAS), Porto, Portugal
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25
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Lee SM, Loguinov A, Fleming RE, Vulpe CD. Effects of strain and age on hepatic gene expression profiles in murine models of HFE-associated hereditary hemochromatosis. GENES AND NUTRITION 2014; 10:443. [PMID: 25427953 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-014-0443-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary hemochromatosis is an iron overload disorder most commonly caused by a defect in the HFE gene. While the genetic defect is highly prevalent, the majority of individuals do not develop clinically significant iron overload, suggesting the importance of genetic modifiers. Murine hfe knockout models have demonstrated that strain background has a strong effect on the severity of iron loading. We noted that hepatic iron loading in hfe-/- mice occurs primarily over the first postnatal weeks (loading phase) followed by a timeframe of relatively static iron concentrations (plateau phase). We thus evaluated the effects of background strain and of age on hepatic gene expression in Hfe knockout mice (hfe-/-). Hepatic gene expression profiles were examined using cDNA microarrays in 4- and 8-week-old hfe-/- and wild-type mice on two different genetic backgrounds, C57BL/6J (C57) and AKR/J (AKR). Genes differentially regulated in all hfe-/- mice groups, compared with wild-type mice, including those involved in cell survival, stress and damage responses and lipid metabolism. AKR strain-specific changes in lipid metabolism genes and C57 strain-specific changes in cell adhesion and extracellular matrix protein genes were detected in hfe-/- mice. Mouse strain and age are each significantly associated with hepatic gene expression profiles in hfe-/- mice. These affects may underlie or reflect differences in iron loading in these mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Min Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea,
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26
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Sun L, Guo W, Yin C, Zhang S, Qu G, Hou Y, Rong H, Ji H, Liu S. Hepcidin deficiency undermines bone load-bearing capacity through inducing iron overload. Gene 2014; 543:161-5. [PMID: 24561287 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is one of the leading disorders among aged people. Bone loss results from a number of physiological alterations, such as estrogen decline and aging. Meanwhile, iron overload has been recognized as a risk factor for bone loss. Systemic iron homeostasis is fundamentally governed by the hepcidin-ferroportin regulatory axis, where hepcidin is the key regulator. Hepcidin deficiency could induce a few disorders, of which iron overload is the most representative phenotype. However, there was little investigation of the effects of hepcidin deficiency on bone metabolism. To this end, hepcidin-deficient (Hamp1(-/-)) mice were employed to address this issue. Our results revealed that significant iron overload was induced in Hamp1(-/-) mice. Importantly, significant decreases of maximal loading and maximal bending stress were found in Hamp1(-/-) mice relative to wildtype (WT) mice. Moreover, the levels of the C-telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX-1) increased in Hamp1(-/-) mice. Therefore, hepcidin deficiency resulted in a marked reduction of bone load-bearing capacity likely through enhancing bone resorption, suggesting a direct correlation between hepcidin deficiency and bone loss. Targeting hepcidin or the pathway it modulates may thus represent a therapeutic for osteopenia or osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Sun
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250062, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Wenli Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Chunyang Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Shuping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Guangbo Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yanli Hou
- Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250062, China
| | - Haiqin Rong
- Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250062, China
| | - Hong Ji
- Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250062, China
| | - Sijin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
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Ali-Rahmani F, Huang MA, Schengrund CL, Connor JR, Lee SY. C282Y-HFE gene variant affects cholesterol metabolism in human neuroblastoma cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88724. [PMID: 24533143 PMCID: PMC3922969 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Although disruptions in the maintenance of iron and cholesterol metabolism have been implicated in several cancers, the association between variants in the HFE gene that is associated with cellular iron uptake and cholesterol metabolism has not been studied. The C282Y-HFE variant is a risk factor for different cancers, is known to affect sphingolipid metabolism, and to result in increased cellular iron uptake. The effect of this variant on cholesterol metabolism and its possible relevance to cancer phenotype was investigated using wild type (WT) and C282Y-HFE transfected human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Expression of C282Y-HFE in SH-SY5Y cells resulted in a significant increase in total cholesterol as well as increased transcription of a number of genes involved in its metabolism compared to cells expressing WT-HFE. The marked increase in expression of NPC1L1 relative to that of most other genes, was accompanied by a significant increase in expression of NPC1, a protein that functions in cholesterol uptake by cells. Because inhibitors of cholesterol metabolism have been proposed to be beneficial for treating certain cancers, their effect on the viability of C282Y-HFE neuroblastoma cells was ascertained. C282Y-HFE cells were significantly more sensitive than WT-HFE cells to U18666A, an inhibitor of desmosterol Δ24-reductase the enzyme catalyzing the last step in cholesterol biosynthesis. This was not seen for simvastatin, ezetimibe, or a sphingosine kinase inhibitor. These studies indicate that cancers presenting in carriers of the C282Y-HFE allele might be responsive to treatment designed to selectively reduce cholesterol content in their tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Ali-Rahmani
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Penn State M.S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Michael A Huang
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Penn State M.S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - C-L Schengrund
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Penn State M.S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - James R Connor
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Penn State M.S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Sang Y Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Penn State M.S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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28
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Adams TL, Marchiori DM. Arthritides. Clin Imaging 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-08495-6.00009-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Li C, Zhou D, Zhao J, Wang X, Mu W, Wang J. Magnetic resonance susceptibility-weighted imaging versus other imaging modalities in detecting splenic siderotic lesions. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73626. [PMID: 24040004 PMCID: PMC3767753 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) has been proven to be superior to T2*-weighted imaging and also other existing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques for the detection of iron content and hemorrhage in the brain. The purpose of this study was to compare SWI with T1WI, T2WI and T2*WI in detecting splenic siderotic lesions. Methodology/Principal Findings Twenty-two patients with splenic siderotic nodule were imaged with non-contrast MRI T1WI, T2WI, T2*WI and SWI at 3.0 Tesla. Imaging data were independently analyzed by two experienced radiologists. The number of splenic siderotic nodules was counted, and the size (largest diameter) was measured. The conspicuity was calculated as the nodule to background parenchyma intensity ratio. We found that SWI detected a larger average number of splenic siderotic nodules than T1WI, T2WI, or T2*WI (all P<0.05). The average size of the nodules detected by SWI was larger than that of those detected by T1WI, T2WI or T2*WI (all P<0.05). SWI provided superior contrast and visibility for splenic siderotic nodules compared to any other sequence (all P<0.001). Conclusions SWI may be a better detection scheme for splenic siderotic nodules than T1WI, T2WI and T2*WI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanming Li
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Daiquan Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Mu
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail: (WM); (JW)
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail: (WM); (JW)
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Xu Y, Zhang W, Zhang P, Xiao L, Wang A, Sirois P, Li K. Downregulation of ferroportin 1 expression in hFOB1.19 osteoblasts by hepcidin. Inflammation 2012; 35:1058-61. [PMID: 22246570 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-011-9411-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to address the relationship between iron homeostasis and bone metabolism. Cultured hFOB 1.19 osteoblasts were incubated with selected concentrations of hepcidin (50, 100, and 200 nmol/L) for 20 h, harvested for extraction of total RNA and proteins, and the expression of ferroportin 1 was analyzed by RT-PCR and western blotting. The results showed the presence of ferroportin 1 expression in cultured hFOB 1.19 cells. Furthermore, the ferroportin 1 had a similar expression pattern in hFOB cells as in hepatocytes and enterocytes and was downregulated by hepcidin. Our data indicate that osteoblasts are target cells for hepcidin, suggest that hepcidin may have many more targets than previously recognized, and support the role of hepcidin in the development of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjia Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of SooChow University, Suzhou 215004, China.
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Du F, Qian ZM, Gong Q, Zhu ZJ, Lu L, Ke Y. The iron regulatory hormone hepcidin inhibits expression of iron release as well as iron uptake proteins in J774 cells. J Nutr Biochem 2012; 23:1694-700. [PMID: 22560353 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2011.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2011] [Revised: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism by which hepcidin controls cellular iron release protein ferroportin 1 (Fpn1) in macrophages has been well established. However, little is known about the effects of hepcidin on cellular iron uptake proteins. Here, we demonstrated for the first time that hepcidin can significantly inhibit the expression of transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) and divalent metal transporter 1 in addition to Fpn1, and therefore reduce transferrin-bound iron and non-transferrin-bound iron uptake and also iron release in J774 macrophages. Analysis of mechanisms using the iron-depleted cells showed that hepcidin has a direct inhibitory effect on all iron transport proteins we examined. Further studies demonstrated that the down-regulation of TfR1 induced by hepcidin is associated with cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and protein kinase A (PKA), probably being mediated by the cAMP-PKA pathway in J774 macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Du
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong
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An association study of HFE gene mutation with idiopathic male infertility in the Chinese Han population. Asian J Androl 2012; 14:599-603. [PMID: 22504868 DOI: 10.1038/aja.2012.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the haemochromatosis gene (HFE) influence iron status in the general population of Northern Europe, and excess iron is associated with the impairment of spermatogenesis. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between three mutations (C282Y, H63D and S65C) in the HFE gene with idiopathic male infertility in the Chinese Han population. Two groups of Chinese men were recruited: 444 infertile men (including 169 with idiopathic azoospermia) and 423 controls with proven fertility. The HFE gene was detected using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique. The experimental results demonstrated that no C282Y or S65C mutations were detected. Idiopathic male infertility was not significantly associated with heterozygous H63D mutation (odds ratio=0.801, 95% confidence interval=0.452-1.421, χ(2)=0.577, P=0.448). The H63D mutation frequency did not correlate significantly with the serum luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone (T) levels in infertile men (P=0.896, P=0.404 and P=0.05, respectively). Our data suggest that the HFE H63D mutation is not associated with idiopathic male reproductive dysfunction.
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Siddique A, Kowdley KV. Review article: the iron overload syndromes. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2012; 35:876-93. [PMID: 22385471 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2012.05051.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Revised: 06/26/2011] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iron overload syndromes encompass a wide range of hereditary and acquired conditions. Major developments in the field of genetics and the discovery of hepcidin as a central regulator of iron homeostasis have greatly increased our understanding of the pathophysiology of iron overload syndromes. AIM To review advances in iron regulation and iron overload syndrome with special emphasis on hereditary haemochromatosis, the prototype iron overload syndrome. METHODS A PubMed search using words such as 'iron overload', 'hemochromatosis', 'HFE', 'Non-HFE', 'secondary iron overload' was undertaken. RESULTS Iron overload is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Sensitive diagnostic tests and effective therapy are widely available and can prevent complications associated with iron accumulation in end- organs. Therapeutic phlebotomy remains the cornerstone of therapy for removal of excess body iron, but novel therapeutic agents including oral iron chelators have been developed for iron overload associated with anaemia. CONCLUSIONS Iron overload disorders are common. Inexpensive screening tests as well as confirmatory diagnostic tests are widely available. Increased awareness of the causes and importance of early diagnosis and knowledge of the appropriate use of genetic testing are encouraged. The availability of novel treatments should increase therapeutic options for patients with iron overload disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Siddique
- Department of Hepatology, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Jain S, Agarwal S, Tamhankar P, Verma P, Choudhuri G. Lack of association of primary iron overload and common HFE gene mutations with liver cirrhosis in adult Indian population. Indian J Gastroenterol 2011; 30:161-5. [PMID: 21822737 DOI: 10.1007/s12664-011-0109-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2010] [Accepted: 07/02/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM To find out the association of common HFE mutations (viz., C282Y and H63D) with primary iron overload (PIL) in liver cirrhosis (CLD) patients of Indian origin. METHODS Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method was used for screening C282Y and H63D mutation in 496 CLD patients (hepatitis B virus associated cirrhosis (HBVc) = 74, hepatitis C virus associated cirrhosis (HCV) = 50, alcoholic cirrhosis with hepatitis (ALcW) = 38, alcoholic cirrhosis without hepatitis (ALc) = 92, cryptogenic cirrhosis (CC) = 242) and 502 healthy controls. Transferrin saturation of >45 or serum ferritin of >300 ng/mL (males)/>200 ng/mL (females) with normal total exogenous iron intake was suggestive of PIL. Histological liver iron grading was done by Perl's Prussian blue stain. RESULTS Of 496 patients, 13 (2.6; 9 CC, 2 ALc, 1 HBVc, 1 AlcW) had PIL. However, only two (15.3) of 13 patients (1 CC and 1 HBVc) were positive for H63D heterozygous mutation. All the subjects were found to be C282Y wild type, except a single case of double heterozygous (C282Y/H63D) who however, did not have PIL. Overall frequency of H63D allele in patients and controls was not significantly different (5.95 and 4.58 respectively, p = 0.17). A highly significant H63D allele frequency (p < 0.005) was observed in HBVc (10.82) and ALcW (11.84) groups but they were not associated with PIL. CONCLUSION The frequency of PIL, and the HFE gene mutaion (C282Y) are both rare in Indian patients and explain why hemochromatosis is a rare cause of liver cirrhosis in India. A highly significant H63D allele frequency in HBV and alcohol-related cirrhosis suggest a possible predisposing role for liver fibrosis of this allele.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalu Jain
- Department of Medical Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
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Ramos E, Kautz L, Rodriguez R, Hansen M, Gabayan V, Ginzburg Y, Roth MP, Nemeth E, Ganz T. Evidence for distinct pathways of hepcidin regulation by acute and chronic iron loading in mice. Hepatology 2011; 53:1333-41. [PMID: 21480335 PMCID: PMC3074982 DOI: 10.1002/hep.24178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In response to iron loading, hepcidin synthesis is homeostatically increased to limit further absorption of dietary iron and its release from stores. Mutations in HFE, transferrin receptor 2 (Tfr2), hemojuvelin (HJV), or bone morphogenetic protein 6 (BMP6) prevent appropriate hepcidin response to iron, allowing increased absorption of dietary iron, and eventually iron overload. To understand the role each of these proteins plays in hepcidin regulation by iron, we analyzed hepcidin messenger RNA (mRNA) responsiveness to short and long-term iron challenge in iron-depleted Hfe, Tfr2, Hjv, and Bmp6 mutant mice. After 1-day (acute) iron challenge, Hfe(-/-) mice showed a smaller hepcidin increase than their wild-type strain-matched controls, Bmp6(-/-) mice showed nearly no increase, and Tfr2 and Hjv mutant mice showed no increase in hepcidin expression, indicating that all four proteins participate in hepcidin regulation by acute iron changes. After a 21-day (chronic) iron challenge, Hfe and Tfr2 mutant mice increased hepcidin expression to nearly wild-type levels, but a blunted increase of hepcidin was seen in Bmp6(-/-) and Hjv(-/-) mice. BMP6, whose expression is also regulated by iron, may mediate hepcidin regulation by iron stores. None of the mutant strains (except Bmp6(-/-) mice) had impaired BMP6 mRNA response to chronic iron loading. CONCLUSION TfR2, HJV, BMP6, and, to a lesser extent, HFE are required for the hepcidin response to acute iron loading, but are partially redundant for hepcidin regulation during chronic iron loading and are not involved in the regulation of BMP6 expression. Our findings support a model in which acute increases in holotransferrin concentrations transmitted through HFE, TfR2, and HJV augment BMP receptor sensitivity to BMPs. A distinct regulatory mechanism that senses hepatic iron may modulate hepcidin response to chronic iron loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Ramos
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Léon Kautz
- Inserm, U563, Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, UPS, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan and Institut Biomédical de Toulouse, France
| | - Richard Rodriguez
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Michael Hansen
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Victoria Gabayan
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | | | - Marie-Paule Roth
- Inserm, U563, Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, UPS, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan and Institut Biomédical de Toulouse, France
| | - Elizabeta Nemeth
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Tomas Ganz
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA, Department of Pathology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
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HAMLAOUI-GASMI SONIA, MOKNI MEHERZIA, AOUANI EZZEDINE, AMRI MOHAMED, MARZOUKI LAMJED. MODULATION OF HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS BY GARLIC BASED ON ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION IN RAT. J Food Biochem 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4514.2010.00394.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Sebai H, Gadacha W, Sani M, Aouani E, Ghanem-Boughanmi N, Ben-Attia M. Protective effect of resveratrol against lipopolysaccharide-induced oxidative stress in rat brain. Brain Inj 2010; 23:1089-94. [PMID: 19891535 DOI: 10.3109/02699050903379370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PRIMARY OBJECTIVE To study the protective effect of resveratrol on endotoxemia-induced neurotoxicity. METHODS Rats were pre-treated during 7 days with 20 mg kg(-1) body weight (b.w.) resveratrol and challenged with a single dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS: 8 mg kg(-1) b.w.) for 24 hours. Brains were harvested to determine LPS-induced lipoperoxidation level, antioxidant enzyme activities, nitric monoxide (NO) and iron distribution as well as the impact of resveratrol on these parameters. RESULTS Resveratrol counteracted LPS-induced brain malondialdehyde (MDA) level and antioxidant enzyme activities depletion as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD). Resveratrol also reversed LPS-induced brain and plasma NO elevation as well as iron sequestration from plasma to brain compartment. CONCLUSION The data suggest that resveratrol is capable of alleviating LPS-induced neurotoxicity by a mechanism that may involve iron shuttling proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hichem Sebai
- Laboratoire de Biosurveillance de l'Environnement, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Zarzouna, Tunisie
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Rivera-Mancía S, Pérez-Neri I, Ríos C, Tristán-López L, Rivera-Espinosa L, Montes S. The transition metals copper and iron in neurodegenerative diseases. Chem Biol Interact 2010; 186:184-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2010.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2009] [Revised: 01/22/2010] [Accepted: 04/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Simpson JL, Bailey LB, Pietrzik K, Shane B, Holzgreve W. Micronutrients and women of reproductive potential: required dietary intake and consequences of dietary deficienty or excess. Part II - Vitamin D, Vitamin A, Iron, Zinc, Iodine, Essential Fatty Acids. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2010; 24:1-24. [DOI: 10.3109/14767051003678226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Rodriguez A, Luukkaala T, Fleming RE, Britton RS, Bacon BR, Parkkila S. Global transcriptional response to Hfe deficiency and dietary iron overload in mouse liver and duodenum. PLoS One 2009; 4:e7212. [PMID: 19787063 PMCID: PMC2747280 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0007212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2009] [Accepted: 08/28/2009] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is an essential trace element whose absorption is usually tightly regulated in the duodenum. HFE-related hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is characterized by abnormally low expression of the iron-regulatory hormone, hepcidin, which results in increased iron absorption. The liver is crucial for iron homeostasis as it is the main production site of hepcidin. The aim of this study was to explore and compare the genome-wide transcriptome response to Hfe deficiency and dietary iron overload in murine liver and duodenum. Illumina arrays containing over 47,000 probes were used to study global transcriptional changes. Quantitative RT-PCR (Q-RT-PCR) was used to validate the microarray results. In the liver, the expression of 151 genes was altered in Hfe(-/-) mice while dietary iron overload changed the expression of 218 genes. There were 173 and 108 differentially expressed genes in the duodenum of Hfe(-/-) mice and mice with dietary iron overload, respectively. There was 93.5% concordance between the results obtained by microarray analysis and Q-RT-PCR. Overexpression of genes for acute phase reactants in the liver and a strong induction of digestive enzyme genes in the duodenum were characteristic of the Hfe-deficient genotype. In contrast, dietary iron overload caused a more pronounced change of gene expression responsive to oxidative stress. In conclusion, Hfe deficiency caused a previously unrecognized increase in gene expression of hepatic acute phase proteins and duodenal digestive enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Rodriguez
- Institute of Medical Technology, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- * E-mail:
| | - Tiina Luukkaala
- Science Center, Pirkanmaa Hospital District and Tampere School of Public Health, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Robert E. Fleming
- Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Saint Louis University Liver Center, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Robert S. Britton
- Saint Louis University Liver Center, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Bruce R. Bacon
- Saint Louis University Liver Center, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Seppo Parkkila
- Institute of Medical Technology, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- School of Medicine, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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Weiss G. Iron metabolism in the anemia of chronic disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2009; 1790:682-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2008.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2008] [Revised: 07/27/2008] [Accepted: 08/14/2008] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Bleackley MR, Wong AY, Hudson DM, Wu CHY, MacGillivray RT. Blood Iron Homeostasis: Newly Discovered Proteins and Iron Imbalance. Transfus Med Rev 2009; 23:103-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tmrv.2008.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Iron overload can cause liver toxicity and increase the risk of liver failure or hepatocellular carcinoma in humans. Curcumin (diferuloylmethane), a component of the food spice turmeric, has antioxidant, iron binding and hepatoprotective properties. The aim of this study was to quantify its effects on iron overload and the resulting downstream toxic effects in cultured T51B rat liver epithelial cells. METHODS T51B cells were loaded with ferric ammonium citrate (FAC) with or without the iron delivery agent 8-hydroxyquinoline. Cytotoxicity was measured by methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay. Iron uptake and iron bioavailability were documented by chemical assay, quench of calcein fluorescence and ferritin induction. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured by a fluorescence assay using 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate. Oxidative stress signalling to jnk, c-jun and p38 was measured by a Western blot with phospho-specific antibodies. RESULTS Curcumin bound iron, but did not block iron uptake or bioavailability in T51B cells given FAC. However, it reduced cytotoxicity, blocked the generation of ROS and eliminated signalling to cellular stress pathways caused by iron. Inhibition was observed over a wide range of FAC concentrations (50-500 microM), with an apparent IC(50) in all cases between 5 and 10 microM curcumin. In contrast, desferoxamine blocked both iron uptake and toxic effects of iron at concentrations that depended on the FAC concentration. The effects of curcumin also differed from those of alpha-tocopherol, which did not bind iron and was less effective at blocking iron-stimulated ROS generation. CONCLUSIONS Curcumin reduced iron-dependent oxidative stress and iron toxicity in T51B cells without blocking iron uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald J. Messner
- Bastyr University, Kenmore WA, Benaroya Research Institute and Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle WA,Correspondence to Donald J. Messner, Address Bastyr University, 14500 Juanita Drive NE, Kenmore WA 98028, Phone (425) 602-3423, Fax (425) 602-3079, Email
| | | | - Kris V. Kowdley
- Benaroya Research Institute and Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle WA
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Hereditary haemochromatosis gene (HFE) H63D mutation shows an association with abnormal sperm motility. Mol Biol Rep 2008; 36:1709-14. [PMID: 18846434 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-008-9372-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2008] [Accepted: 09/24/2008] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to screen infertile men for HFE H63D mutation in correlation with clinical characteristics of infertile men (sperm concentration, sperm motility, morphology, testicular volume, Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Luteinizing Hormone (LH) and total Testosterone levels) and find out if the HFE H63D mutation has an effect on male infertility. After excluding hormonal treatment, any scrotal pathology, having any systemic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, sickle cell anemia and microdeletions of the Y chromosome, a total of 148 infertile men with age range between 17 and 52-years-old (average age 29.6 +/- 7.2) were enrolled into the study. Our analysis indicates that the mean FSH levels are significantly higher (6.3 +/- 4.6 mIU/ml, P = 0.03), whereas sperm motility is significantly lower (36.6 +/- 28.1%, P = 0.01) in the infertile men with the HFE H63D mutation compared with subjects lacking this mutation. Comparison of allele frequencies of the infertile men with Ts < 50% versus the infertile men with Ts > 50% revealed a significant difference as expected (P = 0.001, OR = 0.14, %95 CI = 0.04-0.44). Comparison of allele frequencies of infertile men with abnormal sperm motility versus infertile men with normal sperm motility revealed a highly significant difference (P = 0.005, OR = 3.11, %95 CI = 1.41-6.86). Thus, the HFE H63D mutation seems to be an important risk factor for impaired sperm motility and is clinically associated with male infertility.
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Wang Q, Du F, Qian ZM, Ge XH, Zhu L, Yung WH, Yang L, Ke Y. Lipopolysaccharide induces a significant increase in expression of iron regulatory hormone hepcidin in the cortex and substantia nigra in rat brain. Endocrinology 2008; 149:3920-5. [PMID: 18450970 PMCID: PMC2488231 DOI: 10.1210/en.2007-1626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hepcidin plays an essential role in maintaining normal iron homeostasis outside the brain. This recently discovered iron regulation hormone is predominantly expressed in the liver, and regulated by iron and hypoxia. As an antimicrobial peptide, this hormone is also elevated during infections and inflammation. In this study we investigated the expression of hepcidin mRNA and protein in different brain regions, including the cortex, hippocampus, striatum, and substantia nigra, and the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the expression of hepcidin using quantitative real-time RT-PCR and immunofluorescence analysis. Our data provided further evidence for the existence of hepcidin in all the regions we examined. We also demonstrated for the first time that LPS administration by iv injection can regulate the expression of hepcidin mRNA and protein not only in peripheral organs such as the liver, but also in the brain. LPS induced a significant increase in the expression of hepcidin mRNA and protein in the cortex and substantia nigra, but not in the hippocampus and striatum, indicating a regionally specific regulation of LPS on hepcidin in the brain. The relevant mechanisms and the functions of hepcidin in the brain remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Wang
- Laboratory of Brain Iron Metabolism, Department of Applied Biology & Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Waheed A, Britton RS, Grubb JH, Sly WS, Fleming RE. HFE association with transferrin receptor 2 increases cellular uptake of transferrin-bound iron. Arch Biochem Biophys 2008; 474:193-7. [PMID: 18353247 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2008.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2008] [Accepted: 02/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in either HFE or transferrin receptor 2 (TfR2) cause decreased expression of the iron regulatory hormone hepcidin and hemochromatosis. HFE and TfR2 were recently discovered to form a stable complex at the cell membrane when co-expressed in heterologous cell lines. We analyzed the functional consequences of the co-expression of these proteins using transfected TRVb cells, a Chinese hamster ovary derived cell line without endogenous HFE or transferrin receptor. The co-expression of TfR2 in TRVb cells expressing HFE led to accelerated HFE biosynthesis and late-Golgi maturation, suggesting interaction prior to cell surface localization. The co-expression of HFE in cells expressing TfR2 led to increased affinity for diferric transferrin, increased transferrin-dependent iron uptake, and relative resistance to iron chelation. These observations indicate that HFE influences the functional properties of TfR2, and suggests a model in which the interaction of these proteins might influence signal transduction to hepcidin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Waheed
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University Liver Center, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
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Chua ACG, Graham RM, Trinder D, Olynyk JK. The regulation of cellular iron metabolism. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2008; 44:413-59. [PMID: 17943492 DOI: 10.1080/10408360701428257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
While iron is an essential trace element required by nearly all living organisms, deficiencies or excesses can lead to pathological conditions such as iron deficiency anemia or hemochromatosis, respectively. A decade has passed since the discovery of the hemochromatosis gene, HFE, and our understanding of hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) and iron metabolism in health and a variety of diseases has progressed considerably. Although HFE-related hemochromatosis is the most widespread, other forms of HH have subsequently been identified. These forms are not attributed to mutations in the HFE gene but rather to mutations in genes involved in the transport, storage, and regulation of iron. This review is an overview of cellular iron metabolism and regulation, describing the function of key proteins involved in these processes, with particular emphasis on the liver's role in iron homeostasis, as it is the main target of iron deposition in pathological iron overload. Current knowledge on their roles in maintaining iron homeostasis and how their dysregulation leads to the pathogenesis of HH are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita C G Chua
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia
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Vujić Spasić M, Kiss J, Herrmann T, Galy B, Martinache S, Stolte J, Gröne HJ, Stremmel W, Hentze MW, Muckenthaler MU. Hfe acts in hepatocytes to prevent hemochromatosis. Cell Metab 2008; 7:173-8. [PMID: 18249176 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2007.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2007] [Revised: 11/07/2007] [Accepted: 11/29/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is a prevalent, potentially fatal disorder of iron metabolism hallmarked by intestinal hyperabsorption of iron, hyperferremia, and hepatic iron overload. In both humans and mice, type I HH is associated with mutations in the broadly expressed HFE/Hfe gene. To identify where Hfe acts to prevent HH, we generated mice with tissue-specific Hfe ablations. This work demonstrates that local Hfe expression in hepatocytes serves to maintain physiological iron homeostasis, answering a long-standing question in medicine and explaining earlier clinical observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Vujić Spasić
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Lawless MW, White M, Mankan AK, O'Dwyer MJ, Norris S. Elevated MCP-1 serum levels are associated with the H63D mutation and not the C282Y mutation in hereditary hemochromatosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 70:294-300. [PMID: 17767550 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2007.00895.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is a major lymphocyte and inflammatory chemokine associated with persistent inflammatory states. Several abnormalities in the immune status of patients with hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) have been reported, suggesting an imbalance in their immune function. This may include persistent production of, or exposure to, inflammatory cytokines contributing to the pathogenesis of this disorder. The aim of this study was to assess MCP-1 levels in patients with HH and correlate these results with HFE status and iron indexes. One hundred and thirty-nine subjects diagnosed with HH (C282Y homozygotes = 87, C282Y/H63D = 26 heterozygotes, H63D homozygotes = 26), 27 healthy control subjects with no HFE mutation (N/N), and 18 normal subjects heterozygous for the H63D mutation served as age- and sex-matched controls. Ferritin and transferrin saturation and the presence of HFE mutation status were correlated with MCP-1 levels. Full white blood cell count analysis was also performed. We found a strongly significant decrease in MCP-1 protein levels in the C282Y homozygotes compared with the H63D homozygotes (P = 0.0009) and C282Y/H63D heterozygotes (P = 0.002). Similarly, MCP-1 protein levels in the C282Y homozygotes were decreased compared with the healthy controls (P = 0.00076). Furthermore, MCP-1 serum levels were elevated in H63D patients compared with the healthy controls (P = 0.0008). This study suggests for the first time that a differential expression of MCP-1 protein in patients with HH is associated with the specific HFE genetic component for iron overload. Therefore, these findings offer a possible explanation in the variable clinical spectrum of pathogenesis in patients with HH through abnormalities of an imbalance in the immune states of patients with HH.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W Lawless
- Hepatology Research Division and Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, St James Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.
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Ke Y, Qian ZM. Brain iron metabolism: neurobiology and neurochemistry. Prog Neurobiol 2007; 83:149-73. [PMID: 17870230 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2007.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2007] [Revised: 04/10/2007] [Accepted: 07/26/2007] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
New findings obtained during the past years, especially the discovery of mutations in the genes associated with brain iron metabolism, have provided key insights into the homeostatic mechanisms of brain iron metabolism and the pathological mechanisms responsible for neurodegenerative diseases. The accumulated evidence demonstrates that misregulation in brain iron metabolism is one of the initial causes for neuronal death in some neurodegenerative disorders. The errors in brain iron metabolism found in these disorders have a multifactorial pathogenesis, including genetic and nongenetic factors. The disturbances of iron metabolism might occur at multiple levels, including iron uptake and release, storage, intracellular metabolism and regulation. It is the increased brain iron that triggers a cascade of deleterious events, leading to neuronal death in these diseases. In the article, the recent advances in studies on neurochemistry and neuropathophysiology of brain iron metabolism were reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Ke
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, NT, Hong Kong
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