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Raychaudhuri R, Pandey A, Das S, Nannuri SH, Joseph A, George SD, Vincent AP, Mutalik S. Nanoparticle impregnated self-supporting protein gel for enhanced reduction in oxidative stress: A molecular dynamics insight for lactoferrin-polyphenol interaction. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 189:100-113. [PMID: 34411613 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, lactoferrin (Lf) based nanoparticle incorporated self-supporting gel encapsulating a flavonoid, quercetin (Q), was developed. The complex formation between Lf and Q was assessed using molecular docking and dynamics simulation that lactoferrin and quercetin showed strong interaction and binding supporting hydrophobic interaction. The microscopic, spectroscopic, and x-ray techniques were used to characterize the gel extensively. In vitro drug release was studied to understand the release pattern of quercetin from the protein gel. The viscosity of the gel and its rheological characteristics were determined using a Brookfield viscometer. Ex vivo skin permeation studies using vertical diffusion cells were carried out to understand its skin permeation properties. The gel showed strong anti-oxidant activity using the DPPH scavenging assay. The enhanced effect of the Lf-Q complex on antioxidant enzyme activity (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and malondialdehyde), was supported by molecular dynamics, surface hydrophobicity, and in vitro studies. To investigate the effect of the gel on angiogenesis, the chorioallantoic membrane assay was performed and its compatibility with erythrocytes was also assessed. Suitability for topical administration was assessed using skin irritation studies performed on Sprague Dawley rats. The overall results suggest that the developed NiPG is suitable for cutaneous localization of quercetin with enhanced antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchira Raychaudhuri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India
| | - Abhijeet Pandey
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India
| | - Subham Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India
| | - Shivanand H Nannuri
- Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India
| | - Alex Joseph
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India
| | - Sajan D George
- Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India
| | - Anita P Vincent
- Department of Research and Development, Glanbia Nutritionals, Twin Falls, ID, USA
| | - Srinivas Mutalik
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India.
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Design and Synthesis of Luminescent Lanthanide-Based Bimodal Nanoprobes for Dual Magnetic Resonance (MR) and Optical Imaging. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11020354. [PMID: 33535481 PMCID: PMC7912730 DOI: 10.3390/nano11020354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Current biomedical imaging techniques are crucial for the diagnosis of various diseases. Each imaging technique uses specific probes that, although each one has its own merits, do not encompass all the functionalities required for comprehensive imaging (sensitivity, non-invasiveness, etc.). Bimodal imaging methods are therefore rapidly becoming an important topic in advanced healthcare. This bimodality can be achieved by successive image acquisitions involving different and independent probes, one for each mode, with the risk of artifacts. It can be also achieved simultaneously by using a single probe combining a complete set of physical and chemical characteristics, in order to record complementary views of the same biological object at the same time. In this scenario, and focusing on bimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and optical imaging (OI), probes can be engineered by the attachment, more or less covalently, of a contrast agent (CA) to an organic or inorganic dye, or by designing single objects containing both the optical emitter and MRI-active dipole. If in the first type of system, there is frequent concern that at some point the dye may dissociate from the magnetic dipole, it may not in the second type. This review aims to present a summary of current activity relating to this kind of dual probes, with a special emphasis on lanthanide-based luminescent nano-objects.
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3
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Wallnöfer EA, Thurner GC, Kremser C, Talasz H, Stollenwerk MM, Helbok A, Klammsteiner N, Albrecht-Schgoer K, Dietrich H, Jaschke W, Debbage P. Albumin-based nanoparticles as contrast medium for MRI: vascular imaging, tissue and cell interactions, and pharmacokinetics of second-generation nanoparticles. Histochem Cell Biol 2020; 155:19-73. [PMID: 33040183 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-020-01919-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This multidisciplinary study examined the pharmacokinetics of nanoparticles based on albumin-DTPA-gadolinium chelates, testing the hypothesis that these nanoparticles create a stronger vessel signal than conventional gadolinium-based contrast agents and exploring if they are safe for clinical use. Nanoparticles based on human serum albumin, bearing gadolinium and designed for use in magnetic resonance imaging, were used to generate magnet resonance images (MRI) of the vascular system in rats ("blood pool imaging"). At the low nanoparticle doses used for radionuclide imaging, nanoparticle-associated metals were cleared from the blood into the liver during the first 4 h after nanoparticle application. At the higher doses required for MRI, the liver became saturated and kidney and spleen acted as additional sinks for the metals, and accounted for most processing of the nanoparticles. The multiple components of the nanoparticles were cleared independently of one another. Albumin was detected in liver, spleen, and kidneys for up to 2 days after intravenous injection. Gadolinium was retained in the liver, kidneys, and spleen in significant concentrations for much longer. Gadolinium was present as significant fractions of initial dose for longer than 2 weeks after application, and gadolinium clearance was only complete after 6 weeks. Our analysis could not account quantitatively for the full dose of gadolinium that was applied, but numerous organs were found to contain gadolinium in the collagen of their connective tissues. Multiple lines of evidence indicated intracellular processing opening the DTPA chelates and leading to gadolinium long-term storage, in particular inside lysosomes. Turnover of the stored gadolinium was found to occur in soluble form in the kidneys, the liver, and the colon for up to 3 weeks after application. Gadolinium overload poses a significant hazard due to the high toxicity of free gadolinium ions. We discuss the relevance of our findings to gadolinium-deposition diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Wallnöfer
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - G C Thurner
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Müllerstrasse 59, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - C Kremser
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - H Talasz
- Division of Clinical Biochemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M M Stollenwerk
- Faculty of Health and Society, Biomedical Laboratory Science, University Hospital MAS, Malmö University, 205 06, Malmö, Sweden
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Müllerstrasse 59, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - A Helbok
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - N Klammsteiner
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Müllerstrasse 59, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - K Albrecht-Schgoer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, Leopold-Franzens-University Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82/IV, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
- Institute of Cell Genetics, Department for Pharmacology and Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Peter-Mayr-Strasse 1a, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - H Dietrich
- Central Laboratory Animal Facilities, Innsbruck Medical University, Peter-Mayr-Strasse 4a, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - W Jaschke
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - P Debbage
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Müllerstrasse 59, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Chen H, Liu D, Li Y, Xu X, Xu J, Yadav NN, Zhou S, van Zijl PCM, Liu G. CEST MRI monitoring of tumor response to vascular disrupting therapy using high molecular weight dextrans. Magn Reson Med 2019; 82:1471-1479. [PMID: 31106918 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Vascular disrupting therapy of cancer has become a promising approach not only to regress tumor growth directly but also to boost the delivery of chemotherapeutics in the tumor. An imaging approach to monitor the changes in tumor vascular permeability, therefore, has important applications for monitoring of vascular disrupting therapies. METHODS Mice bearing CT26 subcutaneous colon tumors were injected intravenously with 150 kD dextran (Dex150, diameter, d~ 20 nm, 375 mg/kg), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α; 1 µg per mouse), or both (n = 3 in each group). The Z-spectra were acquired before and 2 h after the injection, and the chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) signals in the tumors as quantified by asymmetric magnetization transfer ratio (MTRasym ) at 1 ppm were compared. RESULTS The results showed a significantly stronger CEST contrast enhancement at 1 ppm (∆MTRasym = 0.042 ± 0.002) in the TNF-α-treated tumors than those by Dex150 alone (∆MTRasym = 0.000 ± 0.005, P = 0.0229) or TNF-α alone (∆MTRasym = 0.002 ± 0.004, P = 0.0264), indicating that the TNF-α treatment strongly augmented the tumor uptake of 150 kD dextran. The MRI findings were verified by fluorescence imaging and immunofluorescence microscopy. CONCLUSIONS High molecular weight dextrans can be used as safe and sensitive CEST MRI contrast agents for monitoring tumor response to vascular disrupting therapy and, potentially, for developing dextran-based theranostic drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanwei Chen
- Department of Radiology, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Dexiang Liu
- Department of Radiology, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yuguo Li
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Xiang Xu
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jiadi Xu
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nirbhay N Yadav
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Shibin Zhou
- Ludwig Center, Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Peter C M van Zijl
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Guanshu Liu
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
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Hill LK, Frezzo JA, Katyal P, Hoang DM, Gironda ZBY, Xu C, Xie X, Delgado-Fukushima E, Wadghiri YZ, Montclare JK. Protein-Engineered Nanoscale Micelles for Dynamic 19F Magnetic Resonance and Therapeutic Drug Delivery. ACS NANO 2019; 13:2969-2985. [PMID: 30758189 PMCID: PMC6945506 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b07481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Engineered proteins provide an interesting template for designing fluorine-19 (19F) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents, yet progress has been hindered by the unpredictable relaxation properties of fluorine. Herein, we present the biosynthesis of a protein block copolymer, termed "fluorinated thermoresponsive assembled protein" (F-TRAP), which assembles into a monodisperse nanoscale micelle with interesting 19F NMR properties and the ability to encapsulate and release small therapeutic molecules, imparting potential as a diagnostic and therapeutic (theranostic) agent. The assembly of the F-TRAP micelle, composed of a coiled-coil pentamer corona and a hydrophobic, thermoresponsive elastin-like polypeptide core, results in a drastic depression in spin-spin relaxation ( T2) times and unaffected spin-lattice relaxation ( T1) times. The nearly unchanging T1 relaxation rates and linearly dependent T2 relaxation rates have allowed for detection via zero echo time 19F MRI, and the in vivo MR potential has been preliminarily explored using 19F magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). This fluorinated micelle has also demonstrated the ability to encapsulate the small-molecule chemotherapeutic doxorubicin and release its cargo in a thermoresponsive manner owing to its inherent stimuli-responsive properties, presenting an interesting avenue for the development of thermoresponsive 19F MRI/MRS-traceable theranostic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay K. Hill
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
- Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAIR), New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, United States
- Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York 11203, United States
| | - Joseph A. Frezzo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
| | - Priya Katyal
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
| | - Dung Minh Hoang
- Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAIR), New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, United States
- Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Zakia Ben Youss Gironda
- Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAIR), New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, United States
- Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Cynthia Xu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
| | - Xuan Xie
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
| | - Erika Delgado-Fukushima
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
| | - Youssef Z. Wadghiri
- Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAIR), New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, United States
- Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Jin Kim Montclare
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
- Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, United States
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10012, United States
- Department of Biomaterials, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York 10010, United States
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6
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Wahsner J, Gale EM, Rodríguez-Rodríguez A, Caravan P. Chemistry of MRI Contrast Agents: Current Challenges and New Frontiers. Chem Rev 2019; 119:957-1057. [PMID: 30350585 PMCID: PMC6516866 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 797] [Impact Index Per Article: 159.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tens of millions of contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) exams are performed annually around the world. The contrast agents, which improve diagnostic accuracy, are almost exclusively small, hydrophilic gadolinium(III) based chelates. In recent years concerns have arisen surrounding the long-term safety of these compounds, and this has spurred research into alternatives. There has also been a push to develop new molecularly targeted contrast agents or agents that can sense pathological changes in the local environment. This comprehensive review describes the state of the art of clinically approved contrast agents, their mechanism of action, and factors influencing their safety. From there we describe different mechanisms of generating MR image contrast such as relaxation, chemical exchange saturation transfer, and direct detection and the types of molecules that are effective for these purposes. Next we describe efforts to make safer contrast agents either by increasing relaxivity, increasing resistance to metal ion release, or by moving to gadolinium(III)-free alternatives. Finally we survey approaches to make contrast agents more specific for pathology either by direct biochemical targeting or by the design of responsive or activatable contrast agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Wahsner
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging and the Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Eric M. Gale
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging and the Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Aurora Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging and the Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Peter Caravan
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging and the Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
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7
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Han Z, Liu G. Sugar-based biopolymers as novel imaging agents for molecular magnetic resonance imaging. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 11:e1551. [PMID: 30666829 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sugar-based biopolymers have been recognized as attractive materials to develop macromolecule- and nanoparticle-based cancer imaging and therapy. However, traditional biopolymer-based imaging approaches rely on the use of synthetic or isotopic labeling, and because of it, clinical translation often is hindered. Recently, a novel magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technology, chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST), has emerged, which allows the exploitation of sugar-based biopolymers as MRI agents by their hydroxyl protons-rich nature. In the study, we reviewed recent studies on the topic of CEST MRI detection of sugar-based biopolymers. The CEST MRI property of each biopolymer was briefly introduced, followed by the pre-clinical and clinical applications. The findings of these preliminary studies imply the enormous potential of CEST detectable sugar-based biopolymers in developing highly sensitive and translatable molecular imaging agents and constructing image-guided biopolymer-based drug delivery systems. This article is categorized under: Diagnostic Tools > in vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Han
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Guanshu Liu
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
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8
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Construction and characterization of a theranostic system based on graphene/manganese chelate. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 117:794-801. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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9
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Li Y, Qiao Y, Chen H, Bai R, Staedtke V, Han Z, Xu J, Chan KWY, Yadav N, Bulte JWM, Zhou S, van Zijl PCM, Liu G. Characterization of tumor vascular permeability using natural dextrans and CEST MRI. Magn Reson Med 2017; 79:1001-1009. [PMID: 29193288 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the use of natural dextrans as nano-sized chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI probes for characterizing size-dependent tumor vascular permeability. METHODS Dextrans of different molecular weight (10, 70, 150, and 2000 kD) were characterized for their CEST contrast. Mice (N = 5) bearing CT26 subcutaneous colon tumors were injected intravenously with 10 kD (D10, 6 nm) and 70 kD (D70, 12 nm) dextran at a dose of 375 mg/kg. The CEST-MRI signal in the tumors was assessed before and approximately 40 min after each injection using a dynamic CEST imaging scheme. RESULTS All dextrans of different molecular weights have a strong CEST signal with an apparent maximum of approximately 0.9 ppm. The detectability and effects of pH and saturation conditions (B1 and Tsat ) were investigated. When applied to CT26 tumors, the injection of D10 could produce a significant "dexCEST" enhancement in the majority of the tumor area, whereas the injection of D70 only resulted in an increase in the tumor periphery. Quantitative analysis revealed the differential permeability of CT26 tumors to different size particles, which was validated by fluorescence imaging and immunohistochemistry. CONCLUSIONS As a first application, we used 10- and 70-kD dextrans to visualize the spatially variable, size-dependent permeability in the tumor, indicating that nano-sized dextrans can be used for characterizing tumor vascular permeability with dexCEST MRI and, potentially, for developing dextran-based theranostic drug delivery systems. Magn Reson Med 79:1001-1009, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuguo Li
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yuan Qiao
- Ludwig Center, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hanwei Chen
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Radiology, Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Renyuan Bai
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Verena Staedtke
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Zheng Han
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jiadi Xu
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kannie W Y Chan
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nirbhay Yadav
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jeff W M Bulte
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Shibin Zhou
- Ludwig Center, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Peter C M van Zijl
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Guanshu Liu
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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10
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Alvares RDA, Szulc DA, Cheng HLM. A scale to measure MRI contrast agent sensitivity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15493. [PMID: 29138455 PMCID: PMC5686147 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15732-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides superior resolution of anatomical features and the best soft tissue contrast, and is one of the predominant imaging modalities. With this technique, contrast agents are often used to aid discrimination by enhancing specific features. Over the years, a rich diversity of such agents has evolved and with that, so has a need to systematically sort contrast agents based on their efficiency, which directly determines sensitivity. Herein, we present a scale to rank MRI contrast agents. The scale is based on analytically determining the minimum detectable concentration of a contrast agent, and employing a ratiometric approach to standardize contrast efficiency to a benchmark contrast agent. We demonstrate the approach using several model contrast agents and compare the relative sensitivity of these agents for the first time. As the first universal metric of contrast agent sensitivity, this scale will be vital to easily assessing contrast agent efficiency and thus important to promoting use of some of the elegant and diverse contrast agents in research and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan D A Alvares
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel A Szulc
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hai-Ling M Cheng
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Ontario Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Heart & Stroke/Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence for Cardiovascular Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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11
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Wang L, Lin H, Ma L, Sun C, Huang J, Li A, Zhao T, Chen Z, Gao J. Geometrical confinement directed albumin-based nanoprobes as enhanced T1 contrast agents for tumor imaging. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:8004-8012. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb02005h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We report a facile strategy to assemble geometrically confined albumin-based nanoparticles as T1 contrast agents for sensitive tumor imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces
- The MOE Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation
- The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and iChEM
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
| | - Hongyu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces
- The MOE Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation
- The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and iChEM
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
| | - Lengceng Ma
- Department of Electronic Science and Fujian Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361005
- China
| | - Chengjie Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces
- The MOE Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation
- The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and iChEM
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
| | - Jiaqi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces
- The MOE Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation
- The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and iChEM
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
| | - Ao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces
- The MOE Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation
- The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and iChEM
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
| | - Tian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces
- The MOE Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation
- The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and iChEM
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Electronic Science and Fujian Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361005
- China
| | - Jinhao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces
- The MOE Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation
- The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and iChEM
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
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12
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Liang G, Xiao L. Gd3+-Functionalized gold nanoclusters for fluorescence–magnetic resonance bimodal imaging. Biomater Sci 2017; 5:2122-2130. [DOI: 10.1039/c7bm00608j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Gd3+-Functionalized gold nanoclusters with high relaxivity and excellent biocompatibility are synthesized for optical and MR imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohai Liang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science
- College of Biophotonics
- South China Normal University
- Guangzhou 510631
- China
| | - Lifu Xiao
- Department of Chemistry &Biochemistry
- University of Notre Dame
- Notre Dame
- USA
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13
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Vandoorne K, Vandsburger MH, Jacobs I, Han Y, Dafni H, Nicolay K, Strijkers GJ. Noninvasive mapping of endothelial dysfunction in myocardial ischemia by magnetic resonance imaging using an albumin-based contrast agent. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2016; 29:1500-1510. [PMID: 27604064 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Noninvasive preclinical methods for the characterization of myocardial vascular function are crucial to an understanding of the dynamics of ischemic cardiac disease. Ischemic heart disease is associated with myocardial endothelial dysfunction, resulting in leakage of plasma albumin into the extravascular space. These features can be harnessed in a novel noninvasive three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging method to measure fractional blood volume (fBV) and vascular permeability (permeability-surface area product, PS) using labeled albumin as a blood pool contrast agent. C57BL/6 mice were imaged before and 3 days after myocardial infarction (MI). Following the quantification of endogenous myocardial R1 , the dynamics of intravenously injected albumin-based contrast agent, extravasating from permeable myocardial blood vessels, were tracked on short-axis magnetic resonance images of the entire heart. This study successfully discriminated between infarcted and remote regions at 3 days post-infarct, based on a reduced fBV and increased PS in the infarcted region. These findings were confirmed using ex vivo fluorescence imaging and histology. We have demonstrated a novel method to quantify blood volume and permeability in the infarcted myocardium, providing an imaging biomarker for the assessment of endothelial dysfunction. This method has the potential to three-dimensionally visualize subtle changes in myocardial permeability and to track endothelial function for longitudinal cardiac studies determining pathophysiological processes during infarct healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrien Vandoorne
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
| | | | - I Jacobs
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Y Han
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Hagit Dafni
- Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Klaas Nicolay
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Gustav J Strijkers
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
- Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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14
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Rashid HU, Martines MAU, Jorge J, de Moraes PM, Umar MN, Khan K, Rehman HU. Cyclen-based Gd 3+ complexes as MRI contrast agents: Relaxivity enhancement and ligand design. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:5663-5684. [PMID: 27729196 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.09.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive radiology technique used to examine the internal organs of human body. It is useful for the diagnosis of structural abnormalities in the body. Contrast agents are used to increase the sensitivity of this technique. 1,4,7,10-Tetraazacyclododecane (cyclen) is a macrocyclic tetraamine. Its derivatives act as useful ligands to produce stable complexes with Gd3+ ion. Such chelates are investigated as MRI contrast agents. Free Gd3+ ion is extremely toxic for in vivo use. Upon complexation with a cyclen-based ligand, it is trapped in the preformed central cavity of the ligand resulting in the formation of a highly stable Gd3+-chelate. Better kinetic and thermodynamic stability of cyclen-based MRI contrast agents decrease their potential toxicity for in vivo use. Consequently, such agents have proved to be safest for clinical applications. Relaxivity is the most important parameter used to measure the effectiveness of a contrast agent. A number of factors influence this parameter. This article elucidates detailed strategies to increase relaxivity of cyclen-based MRI contrast agents. 1,4,7,10-Tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) and 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7-triacetic acid (DO3A) are two key ligands derived from cyclen. They also act as building blocks for the synthesis of novel ligands. A few important methodologies for the synthesis of DOTA and DO3A derivatives are described. Moreover, the coordination geometry of chelates formed by these ligands and their derivatives is discussed as well. Novel ligands can be developed by the appropriate derivatization of DOTA and DO3A. Gd3+-chelates of such ligands prove to be useful MRI contrast agents of enhanced relaxivity, greater stability, better clearance, lesser toxicity and higher water solubility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haroon Ur Rashid
- Department of Chemistry, Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan; Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.
| | | | - Juliana Jorge
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Paula Martin de Moraes
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Muhammad Naveed Umar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Lower Dir, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Kamin Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Hanif Ur Rehman
- Department of Chemistry, Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
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15
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Xing X, Zhang B, Wang X, Liu F, Shi D, Cheng Y. An "imaging-biopsy" strategy for colorectal tumor reconfirmation by multipurpose paramagnetic quantum dots. Biomaterials 2015; 48:16-25. [PMID: 25701028 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Glucose transporter1 (Glut1) plays important roles in treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) involving early-stage diagnosis, subtype, TNM stage, and therapeutic schedule. Currently, in situ marking and tracking of the tumor biomarkers via clinical imaging remains great challenges in early stage CRC diagnosis. In this study, we have developed a unique cell-targeted, paramagnetic-fluorescent double-signal molecular nanoprobe for CRC in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) diagnosis and subsequent biopsy. The unique molecular nanoprobe is composed of a fluorescent quantum dot (QD) core; a coating layer of paramagnetic DTPA-Gd coupled BSA ((Gd)DTPA∙BSA), and a surface targeting moiety of anti-Glut1 polyclonal antibody. The engineered (Gd)DTPA∙BSA@QDs-PcAb is 35 nm in diameter and colloidally stable under both basic and acidic conditions. It exhibits strong fluorescent intensities and high relaxivity (r1 and r2: 16.561 and 27.702 s(-1) per mM of Gd(3+)). Distribution and expression of Glut1 of CRC cells are investigated by in vitro cellular confocal fluorescent imaging and MR scanning upon treating with the (Gd)DTPA∙BSA@QDs-PcAb nanoprobes. In vivo MRI shows real-time imaging of CRC tumor on nude mice after intravenously injection of the (Gd)DTPA∙BSA@QDs-PcAb nanoprobes. Ex vivo biopsy is subsequently conducted for expression of Glut1 on tumor tissues. These nanoprobes are found biocompatible in vitro and in vivo. (Gd)DTPA∙BSA@QDs-PcAb targeted nanoprobe is shown to be a promising agent for CRC cancer in vivo MRI diagnosis and ex vivo biopsy analysis. The "imaging-biopsy" is a viable strategy for tumor reconfirmation with improved diagnostic accuracy and biopsy in personalized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Xing
- Department of Radiology of the Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, PR China
| | - Bingbo Zhang
- Shanghai East Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, PR China.
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Department of Radiology of the Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, PR China
| | - Fengjun Liu
- Department of Radiology of the Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, PR China
| | - Donglu Shi
- Shanghai East Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, PR China; The Materials Science and Engineering Program, Dept of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221-0072, USA
| | - Yingsheng Cheng
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200233, PR China.
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16
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Chandrasekharan P, Yang CT, Nasrallah FA, Tay HC, Chuang KH, Robins EG. Pharmacokinetics of Gd(DO3A-Lys) and MR imaging studies in an orthotopic U87MG glioma tumor model. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2015; 10:237-44. [DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.1634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Chandrasekharan
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging; Singapore Bioimaging Consortium; Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR); 11 Biopolis Way, #02-02 Helios Singapore 138667
| | - Chang-Tong Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging; Singapore Bioimaging Consortium; Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR); 11 Biopolis Way, #02-02 Helios Singapore 138667
- The Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine; Nanyang Technological University; 50 Nanyang Drive Singapore 637553
| | - Fatima Ali Nasrallah
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging; Singapore Bioimaging Consortium; Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR); 11 Biopolis Way, #02-02 Helios Singapore 138667
| | - Hui Chien Tay
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging; Singapore Bioimaging Consortium; Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR); 11 Biopolis Way, #02-02 Helios Singapore 138667
| | - Kai-Hsiang Chuang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging; Singapore Bioimaging Consortium; Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR); 11 Biopolis Way, #02-02 Helios Singapore 138667
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; National University of Singapore; 14 Medical Drive #B1-01 Singapore 117599
| | - Edward G. Robins
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging; Singapore Bioimaging Consortium; Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR); 11 Biopolis Way, #02-02 Helios Singapore 138667
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; National University of Singapore; 14 Medical Drive #B1-01 Singapore 117599
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17
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Koenig SH. Enhancement of Contrast in Magnetic Resonance Images by Paramagnetic Agents: Possibilities and Problems. Isr J Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.198800046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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18
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Godovikova TS, Lisitskiy VA, Antonova NM, Popova TV, Zakharova OD, Chubarov AS, Koptyug IV, Sagdeev RZ, Kaptein R, Akulov AE, Kaledin VI, Nikolin VP, Baiborodin SI, Koroleva LS, Silnikov VN. Ligand-Directed Acid-Sensitive Amidophosphate 5-Trifluoromethyl-2′-Deoxyuridine Conjugate as a Potential Theranostic Agent. Bioconjug Chem 2013; 24:780-95. [DOI: 10.1021/bc3006072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana S. Godovikova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk,
Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Vladimir A. Lisitskiy
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk,
Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Natalya M. Antonova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk,
Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Tatyana V. Popova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk,
Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Olga D. Zakharova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk,
Russia
| | - Alexey S. Chubarov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk,
Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Igor V. Koptyug
- Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Renad Z. Sagdeev
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Robert Kaptein
- Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Bijvoet Center, University of Utrecht, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Andrey E. Akulov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | | | | | - Ludmila S. Koroleva
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk,
Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Vladimir N. Silnikov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk,
Russia
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19
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Ciesienski KL, Yang Y, Ay I, Chonde DB, Loving GS, Rietz TA, Catana C, Caravan P. Fibrin-targeted PET probes for the detection of thrombi. Mol Pharm 2013; 10:1100-10. [PMID: 23327109 DOI: 10.1021/mp300610s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
There is an ongoing effort to develop better methods for noninvasive detection and characterization of thrombi. Here we describe the synthesis and evaluation of three new fibrin-targeted positron emission tomography (PET) probes (FBP1, FBP2, FBP3). Three fibrin-specific peptides were conjugated as 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA)-monoamides at the C- and N-termini and chelated with (64)CuCl2. Probes were prepared with a specific activity ranging from 10 to 130 μCi/nmol. Both the peptides and the probes exhibited nanomolar dissociation constants (Kd) for the soluble fibrin fragment DD(E), although the Cu-DOTA derivatization resulted in a 2-3 fold loss in affinity relative to the parent peptide. Biodistribution and imaging studies were performed in a rat model of carotid artery thrombosis. For FBP1 and FBP2 at 120 min post injection, the vessel containing the thrombus showed the highest concentration of radioactivity after the excretory organs, that is, the liver and kidneys. This was confirmed ex vivo by autoradiography, which showed >4-fold activity in the thrombus-containing artery compared to the contralateral artery. FBP3 showed much lower thrombus uptake, and the difference was traced to greater metabolism of this probe. Hybrid MR-PET imaging with FBP1 or FBP2 confirmed that these probes were effective for the detection of an arterial thrombus in this rat model. A thrombus was visible on PET images as a region of high activity that corresponded to a region of arterial occlusion identified by simultaneous MR angiography. FBP1 and FBP2 represent promising new probes for the molecular imaging of thrombi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie L Ciesienski
- A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School , 149 Thirteenth Street, Suite 2301, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
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20
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Zhou Z, Lu ZR. Gadolinium-based contrast agents for magnetic resonance cancer imaging. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 5:1-18. [PMID: 23047730 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a clinical imaging modality effective for anatomical and functional imaging of diseased soft tissues, including solid tumors. MRI contrast agents (CA) have been routinely used for detecting tumor at an early stage. Gadolinium-based CA are the most commonly used CA in clinical MRI. There have been significant efforts to design and develop novel Gd(III) CA with high relaxivity, low toxicity, and specific tumor binding. The relaxivity of the Gd(III) CA can be increased by proper chemical modification. The toxicity of Gd(III) CA can be reduced by increasing the agents' thermodynamic and kinetic stability, as well as optimizing their pharmacokinetic properties. The increasing knowledge in the field of cancer genomics and biology provides an opportunity for designing tumor-specific CA. Various new Gd(III) chelates have been designed and evaluated in animal models for more effective cancer MRI. This review outlines the design and development, physicochemical properties, and in vivo properties of several classes of Gd(III)-based MR CA tumor imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuxian Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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21
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Zhen M, Zheng J, Ye L, Li S, Jin C, Li K, Qiu D, Han H, Shu C, Yang Y, Wang C. Maximizing the relaxivity of Gd-complex by synergistic effect of HSA and carboxylfullerene. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2012; 4:3724-9. [PMID: 22704586 DOI: 10.1021/am300817z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Macromolecular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent Gd-DTPA-HSA (DTPA, diethylene triamine pentacetate acid; HSA, human serum albumin) as a model has been successfully conjugated with trimalonic acid modified C60 for contrast enhancement at clinically used magnetic field strength. The Gd-DTPA-HSA-C60 conjugate exhibit maximal relaxivity (r1 = 86 mM(-1) s(-1) at 0.5 T, 300 K) reported so far, which is much superior to that of the control Gd-DTPA-HSA (r1 = 38 mM(-1 )s(-1)) under the same condition and comparable to the theoretical maximum (r1 = 80-120 mM(-1) s(-1), at 20 MHz and 298 K), indicating the synergistic effect of HSA and carboxylfullerene on the increased contrast enhancement. TEM characterization reveals that both Gd-DTPA-HSA-C60 and Gd-DTPA-HSA can penetrate the cells via endocytosis and trans-membrane, respectively, suggesting the potential to sensitively image the events at the cellular and subcellular levels. In addition, the fusion of fullerene with Gd-DTPA-HSA will further endow the resulting complex with photodynamic therapy (PDT) property and thus combine the modalities of therapy (PDT) and diagnostic imaging (MRI) into one entity. More importantly, the payloaded Gd-DTPA may substitute for other more stable Gd-DOTA and HSA as a theranostic package can further work as a drug delivery carrier and effectively control drug release through proteolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Zhen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
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22
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Liu Y, Zhang N. Gadolinium loaded nanoparticles in theranostic magnetic resonance imaging. Biomaterials 2012; 33:5363-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.03.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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23
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Ai H. Layer-by-layer capsules for magnetic resonance imaging and drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2011; 63:772-88. [PMID: 21554908 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2011.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2010] [Revised: 01/20/2011] [Accepted: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembled polyelectrolyte capsules have demonstrated their unique advantages and capability in drug delivery applications. These ordered micro/nano-structures are also promising candidates as imaging contrast agents for diagnostic and theranostic applications. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), one of the most powerful clinical imaging modalities, is moving forward to the molecular imaging field and requires the availability of advanced imaging probes. In this review, we are focusing on the design of MRI visible LbL capsules, which incorporate either paramagnetic metal-ligand complexes or superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles. The design criteria cover the topics of probe sensitivity, biosafety, long-circulation property, targeting ligand decoration, and drug loading strategies. Examples of MRI visible LbL capsules with paramagnetic or superparamagnetic moieties were given and discussed. This carrier platform can also be chosen for other imaging modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Ai
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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24
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Sen A, Capitano ML, Spernyak JA, Schueckler JT, Thomas S, Singh AK, Evans SS, Hylander BL, Repasky EA. Mild elevation of body temperature reduces tumor interstitial fluid pressure and hypoxia and enhances efficacy of radiotherapy in murine tumor models. Cancer Res 2011; 71:3872-80. [PMID: 21512134 PMCID: PMC3184616 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-4482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Human and rodent solid tumors often exhibit elevated interstitial fluid pressure (IFP). This condition is recognized as a prognostic indicator for reduced responses to therapy and decreased disease-free survival rate. In the present study, we tested whether induction of a thermoregulatory-mediated increase in tissue blood flow, induced by exposure of mice to mild environmental heat stress, could influence IFP and other vascular parameters within tumors. Using several murine tumor models, we found that heating results in a sustained reduction in tumor IFP correlating with increased tumor vascular perfusion (measured by fluorescent imaging of perfused vessels, laser Doppler flowmetry, and MRI) as well as a sustained reduction in tumor hypoxia. Furthermore, when radiation therapy was administered 24 hours postheating, we observed a significant improvement in efficacy that may be a result of the sustained reduction in tumor hypoxia. These data suggest, for the first time, that environmental manipulation of normal vasomotor function is capable of achieving therapeutically beneficial changes in IFP and microvascular function in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arindam Sen
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA
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25
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Hatakeyama W, Sanchez TJ, Rowe MD, Serkova NJ, Liberatore MW, Boyes SG. Synthesis of gadolinium nanoscale metal-organic framework with hydrotropes: manipulation of particle size and magnetic resonance imaging capability. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2011; 3:1502-10. [PMID: 21456529 DOI: 10.1021/am200075q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Gadolinium metal-organic framework (Gd MOF) nanoparticles are an interesting and novel class of nanomaterials that are being studied as a potential replacement for small molecule positive contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Despite the tremendous interest in these nanoscale imaging constructs, there are limitations, particularly with respect to controlling the particle size, which need to be overcome before these nanoparticles can be integrated into in vivo applications. In an effort to control the size, shape, and size distribution of Gd MOF nanoparticles, hydrotropes were incorporated into the reverse microemulsion synthesis used to produce these nanoparticles. A study of how hydrotropes influenced the mechanism of formation of reverse micelles offered a great deal of information with respect to the physical properties of the Gd MOF nanoparticles formed. Specifically, this study incorporated the hydrotropes, sodium salicylate (NaSal), 5-methyl salicylic acid, and salicylic acid into the reverse microemulsion. Results demonstrated that addition of each of the hydrotropes into the synthesis of Gd MOFs provided a simple route to control the nanoparticle size as a function of hydrotrope concentration. Specifically, Gd MOF nanoparticles synthesized with NaSal showed the best reduction in size distributions in both length and width with percent relative standard deviations being nearly 50% less than nanoparticles produced via the standard route from the literature. Finally, the effect of the size of the Gd MOF nanoparticles with respect to their MRI relaxation properties was evaluated. Initial results indicated a positive correlation between the surface areas of the Gd MOF nanoparticles with the longitudinal relaxivity in MRI. In particular, Gd MOF nanoparticles with an average size of 82 nm with the addition of NaSal, yielded a longitudinal relaxivity value of 83.9 mM⁻¹ [Gd³⁺] sec⁻¹, one of the highest reported values compared to other Gd-based nanoparticles in the literature to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilasinee Hatakeyama
- Department of Chemistry and Geochemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
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Jarm T, Cemazar M, Miklavcic D, Sersa G. Antivascular effects of electrochemotherapy: implications in treatment of bleeding metastases. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2011; 10:729-46. [PMID: 20470005 DOI: 10.1586/era.10.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Solid tumors of various etiologies can be treated efficiently by electrochemotherapy (ECT), a combined use of electroporation (EP) and chemotherapeutic drugs, such as bleomycin and cisplatin. EP alone and ECT in particular, induce a profound reduction in tumor blood flow, which contributes to the antitumor effect. After EP and ECT, the time course of blood flow changes and follows the same two-phase pattern. The first rapid and short-lived vasoconstriction phase is followed by the second much longer-lived phase resulting from disrupted cytoskeletal structures and a compromised barrier function of the microvascular endothelium. In the case of ECT, however, tumor vascular endothelial cells are also affected by the chemotherapeutic drug, which leads to irrecoverable damage to tumor vessels and to a further decrease in tumor blood flow within hours after application of ECT. Tumor cells surviving the direct effects of ECT are consequently exposed to lack of oxygen and nutrients and are pushed into the secondary cascade of induced cell death. Clinically, the antitumor effectiveness of ECT has been proven extensively in the treatment of melanoma metastases, with 70-80% complete responses. The antivascular effects of ECT were also exploited for palliative treatment of bleeding melanoma metastases, with immediate cessation of bleeding and very good antitumor effectiveness. The antivascular effect of ECT is of utmost importance for translation of ECT into the treatment of deep-seated tumors, especially in well vascularized organs, such as the liver, where it prevents bleeding of the treated area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomaz Jarm
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Trzaska 25, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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27
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Zhu W, Artemov D. Biocompatible blood pool MRI contrast agents based on hyaluronan. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2010; 6:61-8. [PMID: 21504061 DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2010] [Revised: 06/10/2010] [Accepted: 06/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Biocompatible gadolinium blood pool contrast agents based on a biopolymer, hyaluronan, were investigated for magnetic resonance angiography application. Hyaluronan, a non-sulfated linear glucosaminoglycan composed of 2000-25,000 repeating disaccharide subunits of D-glucuronic acid and N-acetylglucosamine with molecular weight up to 20 MDa, is a major component of the extracellular matrix. Two gadolinium contrast agents based on 16 and 74 kDa hyaluronan were synthesized, both with R(1) relaxivity around 5 mM(-1) s(-1) per gadolinium at 9.4 T at 25°C. These two hyaluronan based agents show significant enhancement of the vasculature for an extended period of time. Initial excretion was primarily through the renal system. Later uptake was observed in the stomach and lower gastrointestinal tract. Macromolecular hyaluronan-based gadolinium agents have a high clinical translation potential as hyaluronan is already approved by FDA for a variety of medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlian Zhu
- JHU ICMIC Program, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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28
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Bumb A, Brechbiel MW, Choyke P. Macromolecular and dendrimer-based magnetic resonance contrast agents. Acta Radiol 2010; 51:751-67. [PMID: 20590365 DOI: 10.3109/02841851.2010.491091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a powerful imaging modality that can provide an assessment of function or molecular expression in tandem with anatomic detail. Over the last 20-25 years, a number of gadolinium-based MR contrast agents have been developed to enhance signal by altering proton relaxation properties. This review explores a range of these agents from small molecule chelates, such as Gd-DTPA and Gd-DOTA, to macromolecular structures composed of albumin, polylysine, polysaccharides (dextran, inulin, starch), poly(ethylene glycol), copolymers of cystamine and cystine with GD-DTPA, and various dendritic structures based on polyamidoamine and polylysine (Gadomers). The synthesis, structure, biodistribution, and targeting of dendrimer-based MR contrast agents are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambika Bumb
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Martin W. Brechbiel
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Peter Choyke
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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29
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Lu ZR, Wu X. Polydisulfide Based Biodegradable Macromolecular Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agents. Isr J Chem 2010; 50:220-232. [PMID: 21331318 PMCID: PMC3038583 DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201000016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Macromolecular Gd(III) complexes are advantageous over small molecular Gd(III) complexes in contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) because of their prolonged blood circulation and preferential tumor accumulation. However, macromolecular contrast agents have not been approved for clinical applications because of the safety concerns related to their slow body excretion. Polydisulfide Gd(III) complexes have been designed and developed as biodegradable macromolecular MRI contrast agents to alleviate the concerns by facilitating the clearance of Gd(III) complexes from the body. These agents initially behave as macromolecular agents and result in superior contrast enhancement in the vasculature and tumor tissues. They can then be readily degraded in vivo into small molecular chelates that can rapidly excrete from the body via renal filtration after the MRI examinations. Various polydisulfide Gd(III) complexes have been prepared as biodegradable macromolecular MRI contrast agents. These agents have resulted in strong contrast enhancement in the vasculature and tumor tissue in animal models with minimal long-term tissue accumulation comparable to small molecular contrast agents. Polydisulfide Gd(III) complexes are promising for further clinical development as safe and effective biodegradable macromolecular MRI contrast agents for cardiovascular and cancer imaging. The review summarizes the chemistry and properties of polydisulfide Gd(III) complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Rong Lu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Xueming Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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30
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Villaraza AJL, Bumb A, Brechbiel MW. Macromolecules, dendrimers, and nanomaterials in magnetic resonance imaging: the interplay between size, function, and pharmacokinetics. Chem Rev 2010; 110:2921-59. [PMID: 20067234 PMCID: PMC2868950 DOI: 10.1021/cr900232t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 469] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Joseph L. Villaraza
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ambika Bumb
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Martin W. Brechbiel
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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31
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Wu X, Jeong EK, Emerson L, Hoffman J, Parker DL, Lu ZR. Noninvasive evaluation of antiangiogenic effect in a mouse tumor model by DCE-MRI with Gd-DTPA cystamine copolymers. Mol Pharm 2010; 7:41-8. [PMID: 19958031 DOI: 10.1021/mp900153f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of polydisulfide-based biodegradable macromolecular Gd(III) complexes, Gd-DTPA cystamine copolymers (GDCC), for assessing tumor microvascular characteristics and monitoring antiangiogenesis therapy was investigated in a mouse model using dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI). The mice bearing human colon tumor xenografts were intraperitoneally injected with an antiangiogenesis agent Avastin three times in a week at a dose of 200 mug/mouse. DCE-MRI with GDCC of 40 kDa (GDCC-40) was performed before and at 36 h after the first treatment with Avastin and at the end of treatment (7 days). Gd(DTPA-BMA) was used as a low molecular weight control. The tumor vascular parameters, endothelial transfer coefficient K(trans) and factional plasma volume f(PV), were calculated from the DCE-MRI data with a two-compartment model. The K(trans) and f(PV) in tumor periphery estimated by DCE-MRI with GDCC-40 before and after the antiangiogenesis treatment correlated well to tumor growth before and after the treatment in the tumor model. In contrast, the parameters estimated by Gd(DTPA-BMA) did not show significant correlation to the therapeutic efficacy. This study demonstrates that DCE-MRI with the biodegradable macromolecular MRI contrast agent can provide effective assessment of the antiangiogenic efficacy of Avastin in the animal tumor model based on measured vascular parameters in tumor periphery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueming Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Radiology, Department of Pathology, and Molecular Imaging Program, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108, USA
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32
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Guo K, Berezin MY, Zheng J, Akers W, Lin F, Teng B, Vasalatiy O, Gandjbakhche A, Griffiths GL, Achilefu S. Near infrared-fluorescent and magnetic resonance imaging molecular probe with high T1 relaxivity for in vivo multimodal imaging. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:3705-7. [PMID: 20390151 DOI: 10.1039/c000536c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new gadolinium chelating NIR fluorescent molecular probe increases T(1) relaxivity of water protons, facilitating combined optical and magnetic resonance imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Guo
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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33
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Stollenwerk MM, Pashkunova-Martic I, Kremser C, Talasz H, Thurner GC, Abdelmoez AA, Wallnöfer EA, Helbok A, Neuhauser E, Klammsteiner N, Klimaschewski L, von Guggenberg E, Fröhlich E, Keppler B, Jaschke W, Debbage P. Albumin-based nanoparticles as magnetic resonance contrast agents: I. Concept, first syntheses and characterisation. Histochem Cell Biol 2010; 133:375-404. [PMID: 20174817 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-010-0676-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
To develop a platform for molecular magnetic resonance imaging, we prepared gadolinium-bearing albumin-polylactic acid nanoparticles in the size range 20-40 nm diameter. Iterative cycles of design and testing upscaled the synthesis procedures to gram amounts for physicochemical characterisation and for pharmacokinetic testing. Morphological analyses showed that the nanoparticles were spheroidal with rough surfaces. Particle sizes were measured by direct transmission electron microscopical measurements from negatively contrasted preparations, and by use of photon correlation spectroscopy; the two methods each documented nanoparticle sizes less than 100 nm and generally 10-40 nm diameter, though with significant intrabatch and interbatch variability. The particles' charge sufficed to hold them in suspension. HSA retained its tertiary structure in the particles. The nanoparticles were stable against turbulent flow conditions and against heat, though not against detergents. MRI imaging of liquid columns was possible at nanoparticle concentrations below 10 mg/ml. The particles were non-cytotoxic, non-thrombogenic and non-immunogenic in a range of assay systems developed for toxicity testing of nanoparticles. They were micellar prior to lyophilisation, but loosely structured aggregated masses after lyophilisation and subsequent resuspension. These nanoparticles provide a platform for further development, based on non-toxic materials of low immunogenicity already in clinical use, not expensive, and synthesized using methods which can be upscaled for industrial production.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Stollenwerk
- Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, 205 06, Malmö, Sweden
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34
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Yellepeddi VK, Kumar A, Palakurthi S. Surface modified poly(amido)amine dendrimers as diverse nanomolecules for biomedical applications. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2009; 6:835-50. [DOI: 10.1517/17425240903061251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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35
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Serŝa G, Beravs K, Ĉemazˆar M, Miklavĉiĉ D, Demsar F. Contrast Enhanced MRI Assessment of Tumor Blood Volume After Application of Electric Pulses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/15368379809022574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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36
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Demsar F, Shames DM, Roberts TPL, Stiskal M, Roberts HC, Brasch RC. Kinetics of MRI Contrast Agents with a Size Ranging Between Gd-DTPA and Albumin-Gd-Dtpa Use of CASCADE-Gd-DTPA-24 Polymer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/15368379809022573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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37
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Caravan P, Farrar CT, Frullano L, Uppal R. Influence of molecular parameters and increasing magnetic field strength on relaxivity of gadolinium- and manganese-based T1 contrast agents. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2009; 4:89-100. [PMID: 19177472 DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 367] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Simulations were performed to understand the relative contributions of molecular parameters to longitudinal (r(1)) and transverse (r(2)) relaxivity as a function of applied field, and to obtain theoretical relaxivity maxima over a range of fields to appreciate what relaxivities can be achieved experimentally. The field-dependent relaxivities of a panel of gadolinium and manganese complexes with different molecular parameters, water exchange rates, rotational correlation times, hydration state, etc. were measured to confirm that measured relaxivities were consistent with theory. The design tenets previously stressed for optimizing r(1) at low fields (very slow rotational motion; chelate immobilized by protein binding; optimized water exchange rate) do not apply at higher fields. At 1.5 T and higher fields, an intermediate rotational correlation time is desired (0.5-4 ns), while water exchange rate is not as critical to achieving a high r(1). For targeted applications it is recommended to tether a multimer of metal chelates to a protein-targeting group via a long flexible linker to decouple the slow motion of the protein from the water(s) bound to the metal ions. Per ion relaxivities of 80, 45, and 18 mM(-1) s(-1) at 1.5, 3 and 9.4 T, respectively, are feasible for Gd(3+) and Mn(2+) complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Caravan
- A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, 149 Thirteenth St, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
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38
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Jastrzebska B, Lebel R, Therriault H, McIntyre JO, Escher E, Guérin B, Paquette B, Neugebauer WA, Lepage M. New enzyme-activated solubility-switchable contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging: from synthesis to in vivo imaging. J Med Chem 2009; 52:1576-81. [PMID: 19228016 DOI: 10.1021/jm801411h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We designed and synthesized a novel contrast agent (CA) to image the activity of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) in a tumor, noninvasively using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We exploited the concept of solubility-switchable CAs in the design of a protease-modulated CA (PCA), referred to as PCA2-switch. This PCA contains a paramagnetic gadolinium chelate (Gd-DOTA), which was attached to the N-terminus of a MMP-2 cleavable peptide sequence via a hydrophobic chain. The aqueous solubility of the CA depends on the presence of a polyethylene glycol chain (PEG) on the C-terminus of the peptide. Upon proteolytic cleavage of the peptide by MMP-2, the PEG chain is detached from the CA, which becomes less water soluble. This compound and control compounds were successfully tested in an animal model bearing two tumors with different levels of MMP-2 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Jastrzebska
- Centre d'Imagerie Moleculaire de Sherbrooke and Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Universite de Sherbrooke, 3001 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
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39
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Schwendener RA. Liposomes as carriers for paramagnetic gadolinium chelates as organ specific contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (mri). J Liposome Res 2008. [DOI: 10.3109/08982109409018603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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40
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Chen X, Astary GW, Sepulveda H, Mareci TH, Sarntinoranont M. Quantitative assessment of macromolecular concentration during direct infusion into an agarose hydrogel phantom using contrast-enhanced MRI. Magn Reson Imaging 2008; 26:1433-41. [PMID: 18583082 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2008.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2007] [Revised: 04/29/2008] [Accepted: 04/30/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Convection-enhanced delivery (CED), that is, direct tissue infusion, has emerged as a promising local drug delivery method for treating diseases of the nervous system. Determination of the spatial distribution of therapeutic agents after infusion is important in evaluating the efficacy of treatment, optimizing infusion protocols and improving the understanding of drug pharmacokinetics. In this study, we provide a methodology to determine the concentration distribution of Gd-labeled tracers during infusion using contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). To the best of our knowledge, MR studies that quantify concentration profiles for CED have not been previously reported. The methodology utilizes intrinsic material properties (T(1) and R(1)) and reduces the effect of instrumental factors (e.g., inhomogeneity of MR detection field). As a methodology investigation, this study used an agarose hydrogel phantom as a tissue substitute for infusion. An 11.1-T magnet system was used to image infusion of Gd-DTPA-labeled albumin (Gd-albumin) into the hydrogel. By using data from preliminary scans, Gd-albumin distribution was determined from the signal intensity of the MR images. As a validation test, MR-derived concentration profiles were found comparable to both results measured directly using quantitative optical imaging and results from a computational transport model in porous media. In future studies, the developed methodology will be used to quantitatively monitor the distribution of Gd tracer following infusion directly into tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Chen
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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41
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Zhang G, Zhang R, Wen X, Li L, Li C. Micelles based on biodegradable poly(L-glutamic acid)-b-polylactide with paramagnetic Gd ions chelated to the shell layer as a potential nanoscale MRI-visible delivery system. Biomacromolecules 2007; 9:36-42. [PMID: 18047289 DOI: 10.1021/bm700713p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
There is much interest in the development of a nanoscale drug delivery system with MRI visibility to optimize the delivery efficiency and therapeutic efficacy under image guidance. Here we report on the successful fabrication of nanoscale micelles based on biodegradable poly( L-glutamic acid)- b-polylactide (PG- b-PLA) block copolymer with paramagnetic Gd3+ ions chelated to their shell. PG- b-PLA was synthesized by sequential polymerization reactions: anionic polymerization of L-lactide followed by ring-opening polymerization of benzyl glutamate N-carboxylic anhydride. The metal chelator p-aminobenzyldiethylenetriaminepenta(acetic acid) (DTPA) was readily conjugated to the side chain carboxylic acids of poly( L-glutamic acid). The resulting copolymer formed spherical micelles in aqueous solution with an average diameter of 230 nm at pH 7.4. The size of PG(DTPA)- b-PLA micelles decreased with increasing pH value. DTPA-Gd chelated to the shell layer of the micelles exhibited significantly higher spin-lattice relaxivity (r1) than a small-molecular-weight MRI contrast agent, indicating that water molecules could readily access the Gd ions in the micelles. Because of the presence of multiple carboxylic acid functional groups in the shell layer, polymeric micelles based on biodegradable PG(DTPA-Gd)- b-PLA may be a suitable platform for the development of MRI-visible, targeted nanoscale drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Zhang
- Department of Experimental Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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42
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Mohs AM, Nguyen T, Jeong EK, Feng Y, Emerson L, Zong Y, Parker DL, Lu ZR. Modification of Gd-DTPA cystine copolymers with PEG-1000 optimizes pharmacokinetics and tissue retention for magnetic resonance angiography. Magn Reson Med 2007; 58:110-118. [PMID: 17659618 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.21270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of PEGylation of novel biodegradable macromolecular polydisulfide Gd(III) complexes, gadolinium diethylenetriaminepentaacetate (GdDTPA) cystine copolymers (GDCP), on their pharmacokinetics and long-term Gd(III) tissue retention, and to demonstrate the potential application of PEGylated GDCP (PEG-GDCP) for MR angiography (MRA). The pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and metabolic excretion of PEG(1000)-GDCP (42.1-52.1 kDa; PEG: MW = 1000 Da) with three different PEG grafting degrees and GDCP (43.3 kDa) were investigated in Sprague-Dawley rats. Pharmacokinetic data were analyzed by means of an open two-compartment model. Initially all three PEG(1000)-GDCP contrast agents (CAs) had a higher plasma concentration than GDCP, but after 30 min the Gd(III) concentration from the PEGylated agents rapidly decreased, resulting in significantly lower elimination half-life values. All of the biodegradable macromolecular CAs demonstrated low long-term Gd(III) tissue accumulation, while PEG(1000)-GDCP had significantly lower accumulation in the liver than GDCP. In the rats, all CAs showed excellent vascular contrast enhancement in an MRA protocol with a long image acquisition time. Because PEG(1000)-GDCP remained intravascular for an acceptable period for effective contrast-enhanced (CE)-MRA, and then excreted rapidly from the vasculature with minimal tissue retention, PEG(1000)-GDCP shows a great promise as a blood-pool CA for MRA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M Mohs
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Thanh Nguyen
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Eun-Kee Jeong
- Department of Radiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Yi Feng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Lyska Emerson
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Yuda Zong
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Dennis L Parker
- Department of Radiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Zheng-Rong Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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43
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44
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Mohs AM, Lu ZR. Gadolinium(III)-based blood-pool contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging: status and clinical potential. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2007; 4:149-64. [PMID: 17335412 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.4.2.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Blood-pool MRI contrast agents have enormous potential to aid sensitive magnetic resonance detection and yield definitive diagnostic data of cancer and diseases of the cardiovascular system. Many attempts have been initiated to design macromolecular gadolinium (Gd[III]) complexes as magnetic resonance imaging blood-pool contrast agents, as macromolecules do not readily diffuse across healthy vascular endothelium, and remain intravascular. Although extremely efficacious in detecting and characterizing pathologic tissue, clinical development of these agents has been limited by potential toxicity concerns from incomplete Gd(III) clearance. Recent innovative technologies, such as reversible protein-binding contrast agents and biodegradable macromolecular contrast agents, may be valuable alternatives that combine the effective imaging characteristics of an intravascular contrast agent and the safety of clinically approved low-molecular-weight Gd(III) chelates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M Mohs
- Georgia Tech and Emory University, Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA
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45
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Benedetto S, Pulito R, Crich SG, Tarone G, Aime S, Silengo L, Hamm J. Quantification of the expression level of integrin receptor alpha(v)beta3 in cell lines and MR imaging with antibody-coated iron oxide particles. Magn Reson Med 2007; 56:711-6. [PMID: 16958071 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.21023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Targeted imaging requires site-specific accumulation of a contrast agent (CA), and the properties of that agent must be selected according to the abundance of the target to obtain a signal above the detection limit of the instrument. However, numerical estimates of receptors per cell are rarely found in the literature. Integrin receptors would be particularly promising targets because of their accessibility from the blood stream and expression on activated neovascular endothelial cells. We systematically estimated the number of integrin receptors of cell lines and primary cells by flow cytometry analysis. Since integrin receptors are heterodimeric molecules, and alpha(v) forms complexes with various beta subunits, the numbers of alpha(v) and beta(3) subunits are therefore dissimilar. The observed values are 3 . 10(3)-1.4 . 10(4)/cell for alpha(v), and 5.3 . 10(2)-1.1 . 10(4)/cell for beta(3). Despite the low number of exposed receptors, we show that up to single-cell MR visualization can be achieved with the use of iron oxide beads complexed with antibodies as CAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Benedetto
- Department of Genetics, Biology and Biochemistry, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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46
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HIFUMI H, TANIMOTO A, HONDA A, CITTERIO D, SUZUKI K. Basic Design and Synthesis of Sulfonated Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Based on Gadolinium Complexes. ANAL SCI 2007; 23:1159-65. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.23.1159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki HIFUMI
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University
| | - Akihiro TANIMOTO
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Aki HONDA
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University
| | - Daniel CITTERIO
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University
| | - Koji SUZUKI
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University
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Barrett T, Kobayashi H, Brechbiel M, Choyke PL. Macromolecular MRI contrast agents for imaging tumor angiogenesis. Eur J Radiol 2006; 60:353-66. [PMID: 16930905 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2006.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2006] [Revised: 06/11/2006] [Accepted: 06/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis has long been accepted as a vital process in the growth and metastasis of tumors. As a result it is the target of several novel anti-cancer medications. Consequently, there is an urgent clinical need to develop accurate, non-invasive imaging techniques to improve the characterization of tumor angiogenesis and the monitoring of the response to anti-angiogenic therapy. Macromolecular MR contrast media (MMCM) offer this diagnostic potential by preferentially exploiting the inherent hyperpermeable nature of new tumor vessels compared with normal vessels. Over the last 10-15 years many classes of MMCM have been developed. When evaluated with dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) MRI, a number of MMCM have demonstrated in vivo imaging properties that correlate with ex vivo histological features of angiogenesis. The enhancement patterns with some MMCM have been reported to correlate with tumor grade, as well as show response to anti-angiogenic and anti-vascular drugs. Future applications of MMCM include targeted angiogenesis imaging and drug delivery of anti-cancer 'payloads'. Herein we discuss the best known MMCMs along with their advantages and disadvantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Barrett
- Molecular Imaging Program and Radioimmune and Inorganic Chemistry Section, Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Building 10, Room 1B40, Bethesda, MD 20892-1088, USA
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Seshadri M, Mazurchuk R, Spernyak JA, Bhattacharya A, Rustum YM, Bellnier DA. Activity of the vascular-disrupting agent 5,6-dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid against human head and neck carcinoma xenografts. Neoplasia 2006; 8:534-42. [PMID: 16867215 PMCID: PMC1601938 DOI: 10.1593/neo.06295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) constitute a majority of the tumors of the upper aerodigestive tract and continue to present a significant therapeutic challenge. To explore the potential of vascular-targeted therapy in HNSCC, we investigated the antivascular, antitumor activity of the potent vascular-disrupting agent (VDA) 5,6-dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid (DMXAA) against two HNSCC xenografts with markedly different morphologic and vascular characteristics. Athymic nude mice bearing subcutaneous FaDu (human pharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma) and A253 (human submaxillary gland epidermoid carcinoma) tumors were administered a single dose of DMXAA (30 mg/kg, i.p). Changes in vascular function were evaluated 24 hours after treatment using contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and immunohistochemistry (CD31). Signal enhancement (E) and change in longitudinal relaxation rates (deltaR1) were calculated to measure alterations in vascular perfusion. MRI showed a 78% and 49% reduction in vascular perfusion in FaDu and A253 xenografts, respectively. CD31-immunostaining of tumor sections revealed three-fold (FaDu) and two-fold (A253) reductions in microvessel density (MVD) 24 hours after treatment. DMXAA was equally effective against both xenografts, with significant tumor growth inhibition observed 30 days after treatment. These results indicate that DMXAA may be clinically beneficial in the management of head and neck cancers, alone or in combination with other treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukund Seshadri
- Department of Cell Stress Biology (Photodynamic Therapy Center), Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
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Vaccaro M, Accardo A, Tesauro D, Mangiapia G, Löf D, Schillén K, Söderman O, Morelli G, Paduano L. Supramolecular aggregates of amphiphilic gadolinium complexes as blood pool MRI/MRA contrast agents: physicochemical characterization. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2006; 22:6635-43. [PMID: 16831007 DOI: 10.1021/la053500k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we present the development of a new potential blood pool contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging applications (MRA/MRI) based on gadolinium complexes containing amphiphilic supramolecular aggregates. A novel amphiphilic unimer, containing the DTPAGlu chelating agent covalently bound to two C18 alkylic chains, has been synthesized. DTPAGlu is a well-known chelating agent for a wide number of ions such as the paramagnetic metal ion Gd3+ used as contrast agent in MRA/MRI. The wide aggregation behavior of this surfactant, as free base or as gadolinium complex, has been studied and compared by means of dynamic light scattering, small-angle neutron scattering and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy techniques. Near neutral pH in both cases, the dominant aggregates are micelles. The high negative actual charge of the surfactant headgroup causes a strong headgroups repulsion, promoting the formation of large and high curvature aggregates. By decreasing pH and less markedly increasing the ionic strength, we observe a micelle-to-vesicle transition driven by a decreased electrostatic repulsion. A straightforward switch between different aggregation states can be particularly useful in the development of pH-responsive MRA/MRI contrast agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Vaccaro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cynthia, 80126 Naples, Italy
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Kaneshiro TL, Ke T, Jeong EK, Parker DL, Lu ZR. Gd-DTPA L-cystine bisamide copolymers as novel biodegradable macromolecular contrast agents for MR blood pool imaging. Pharm Res 2006; 23:1285-94. [PMID: 16729223 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-006-0024-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2005] [Accepted: 01/18/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to synthesize biodegradable Gd-DTPA L-cystine bisamide copolymers (GCAC) as safe and effective, macromolecular contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to evaluate their biodegradability and efficacy in MR blood pool imaging in an animal model. METHODS Three new biodegradable GCAC with different substituents at the cystine bisamide [R = H (GCAC), CH2CH2CH3 (Gd-DTPA L-cystine bispropyl amide copolymers, GCPC), and CH(CH3)2 (Gd-DTPA cystine bisisopropyl copolymers, GCIC)] were prepared by the condensation copolymerization of diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) dianhydride with cystine bisamide or bisalkyl amides, followed by complexation with gadolinium triacetate. The degradability of the agents was studied in vitro by incubation in 15 microM cysteine and in vivo with Sprague-Dawley rats. The kinetics of in vivo contrast enhancement was investigated in Sprague-Dawley rats on a Siemens Trio 3 T scanner. RESULTS The apparent molecular weight of the polydisulfide Gd(III) chelates ranged from 22 to 25 kDa. The longitudinal (T1) relaxivities of GCAC, GCPC, and GCIC were 4.37, 5.28, and 5.56 mM(-1) s(-1) at 3 T, respectively. The polymeric ligands and polymeric Gd(III) chelates readily degraded into smaller molecules in incubation with 15 microM cysteine via disulfide-thiol exchange reactions. The in vitro degradation rates of both the polymeric ligands and macromolecular Gd(III) chelates decreased as the steric effect around the disulfide bonds increased. The agents readily degraded in vivo, and the catabolic degradation products were detected in rat urine samples collected after intravenous injection. The agents showed strong contrast enhancement in the blood pool, major organs, and tissues at a dose of 0.1 mmol Gd/kg. The difference of their in vitro degradability did not significantly alter the kinetics of in vivo contrast enhancement of the agents. CONCLUSION These novel GCAC are promising contrast agents for cardiovascular and tumor MRI, which are later cleaved into low molecular weight Gd(III) chelates and rapidly cleared from the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd L Kaneshiro
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, 421 Wakara Way, Suite 318, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108, USA
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