1
|
Matsumura S, Signoretti C, Fatehi S, Tumenbayar BI, D'Addario C, Nimmer E, Thomas C, Viswanathan T, Wolf A, Garcia V, Rocic P, Bae Y, Alam SMS, Gupte SA. Loss-of-function G6PD variant moderated high fat diet-induced obesity, adipocyte hypertrophy, and fatty liver in male rats. J Biol Chem 2024:107460. [PMID: 38876306 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major risk factor for liver and cardiovascular diseases. However, obesity-driven mechanisms that contribute to the pathogenesis of multiple organ diseases are still obscure and treatment is inadequate. We hypothesized that increased glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), the key rate-limiting enzyme in the pentose shunt, is critical in evoking metabolic reprogramming in multiple organs and is a significant contributor to the pathogenesis of liver and cardiovascular diseases. G6PD is induced by carbohydrate-rich diet and insulin. Long-term (8 months) high-fat diet (HFD) feeding increased body weight and elicited metabolic reprogramming in visceral fat, liver, and aorta, of the wild-type rats. In addition, HFD increased inflammatory chemokines in visceral fat. Interestingly, CRISPR-edited loss-of-function Mediterranean G6PD variant (G6PDS188F) rats, which mimic human polymorphism, moderated HFD-induced weight gain and metabolic reprogramming in visceral fat, liver, and aorta. The G6PDS188F variant prevented HFD-induced CCL7 and adipocyte hypertrophy. Furthermore, the G6PDS188F variant increased Magel2 - a gene encoding circadian clock-related protein that suppresses obesity associated with Prader-Willi syndrome - and reduced HFD-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver. Additionally, the G6PDS188F variant reduced aging-induced aortic stiffening. Our findings suggest G6PD is a regulator of HFD-induced obesity, adipocyte hypertrophy, and fatty liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shun Matsumura
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595
| | | | - Samuel Fatehi
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595
| | - Bat Ider Tumenbayar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14203
| | | | - Erik Nimmer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260
| | - Colin Thomas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260
| | - Trisha Viswanathan
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595
| | - Alexandra Wolf
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595
| | - Victor Garcia
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595
| | - Petra Rocic
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, SHSU College of Osteopathic Medicine, Conroe, TX 77304
| | - Yongho Bae
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260; Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14203
| | - S M Shafiqul Alam
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (PMI), New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA, 10595
| | - Sachin A Gupte
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abu-Toamih-Atamni HJ, Lone IM, Binenbaum I, Mott R, Pilalis E, Chatziioannou A, Iraqi FA. Mapping novel QTL and fine mapping of previously identified QTL associated with glucose tolerance using the collaborative cross mice. Mamm Genome 2024; 35:31-55. [PMID: 37978084 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-023-10025-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
A chronic metabolic illness, type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a polygenic and multifactorial complicated disease. With an estimated 463 million persons aged 20 to 79 having diabetes, the number is expected to rise to 700 million by 2045, creating a significant worldwide health burden. Polygenic variants of diabetes are influenced by environmental variables. T2D is regarded as a silent illness that can advance for years before being diagnosed. Finding genetic markers for T2D and metabolic syndrome in groups with similar environmental exposure is therefore essential to understanding the mechanism of such complex characteristic illnesses. So herein, we demonstrated the exclusive use of the collaborative cross (CC) mouse reference population to identify novel quantitative trait loci (QTL) and, subsequently, suggested genes associated with host glucose tolerance in response to a high-fat diet. In this study, we used 539 mice from 60 different CC lines. The diabetogenic effect in response to high-fat dietary challenge was measured by the three-hour intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) test after 12 weeks of dietary challenge. Data analysis was performed using a statistical software package IBM SPSS Statistic 23. Afterward, blood glucose concentration at the specific and between different time points during the IPGTT assay and the total area under the curve (AUC0-180) of the glucose clearance was computed and utilized as a marker for the presence and severity of diabetes. The observed AUC0-180 averages for males and females were 51,267.5 and 36,537.5 mg/dL, respectively, representing a 1.4-fold difference in favor of females with lower AUC0-180 indicating adequate glucose clearance. The AUC0-180 mean differences between the sexes within each specific CC line varied widely within the CC population. A total of 46 QTL associated with the different studied phenotypes, designated as T2DSL and its number, for Type 2 Diabetes Specific Locus and its number, were identified during our study, among which 19 QTL were not previously mapped. The genomic interval of the remaining 27 QTL previously reported, were fine mapped in our study. The genomic positions of 40 of the mapped QTL overlapped (clustered) on 11 different peaks or close genomic positions, while the remaining 6 QTL were unique. Further, our study showed a complex pattern of haplotype effects of the founders, with the wild-derived strains (mainly PWK) playing a significant role in the increase of AUC values.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanifa J Abu-Toamih-Atamni
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Iqbal M Lone
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Ilona Binenbaum
- Center of Systems Biology, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Soranou Ephessiou Str, 11527, Athens, Greece
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Richard Mott
- Department of Genetics, University College of London, London, UK
| | | | - Aristotelis Chatziioannou
- Center of Systems Biology, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Soranou Ephessiou Str, 11527, Athens, Greece
- e-NIOS Applications PC, 196 Syggrou Ave., 17671, Kallithea, Greece
| | - Fuad A Iraqi
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Maternal high-fat diet programs white and brown adipose tissue lipidome and transcriptome in offspring in a sex- and tissue-dependent manner in mice. Int J Obes (Lond) 2022; 46:831-842. [PMID: 34997206 PMCID: PMC8960419 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-01060-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective The prevalence of overweight and obesity among children has drastically increased during the last decades and maternal obesity has been demonstrated as one of the ultimate factors. Nutrition-stimulated transgenerational regulation of key metabolic genes is fundamental to the developmental origins of the metabolic syndrome. Fetal nutrition may differently influence female and male offspring. Methods Mice dam were fed either a control diet or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 6-week prior mating and continued their respective diet during gestation and lactation. At weaning, female and male offspring were fed the HFD until sacrifice. White (WAT) and brown (BAT) adipose tissues were investigated in vivo by nuclear magnetic resonance at two different timepoints in life (midterm and endterm) and tissues were collected at endterm for lipidomic analysis and RNA sequencing. We explored the sex-dependent metabolic adaptation and gene programming changes by maternal HFD in visceral AT (VAT), subcutaneous AT (SAT) and BAT of offspring. Results We show that the triglyceride profile varies between adipose depots, sexes and maternal diet. In female offspring, maternal HFD remodels the triglycerides profile in SAT and BAT, and increases thermogenesis and cell differentiation in BAT, which may prevent metabolic complication later in life. Male offspring exhibit whitening of BAT and hyperplasia in VAT when born from high-fat mothers, with impaired metabolic profile. Maternal HFD differentially programs gene expression in WAT and BAT of female and male offspring. Conclusion Maternal HFD modulates metabolic profile in offspring in a sex-dependent manner. A sex- and maternal diet-dependent gene programming exists in VAT, SAT, and BAT which may be key player in the sexual dimorphism in the metabolic adaptation later in life.
Collapse
|
4
|
Cairns M, Joseph D, Essop MF. The dual role of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway in cardiac physiology and pathophysiology. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:984342. [PMID: 36353238 PMCID: PMC9637655 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.984342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The heart is a highly metabolic organ with extensive energy demands and hence relies on numerous fuel substrates including fatty acids and glucose. However, oxidative stress is a natural by-product of metabolism that, in excess, can contribute towards DNA damage and poly-ADP-ribose polymerase activation. This activation inhibits key glycolytic enzymes, subsequently shunting glycolytic intermediates into non-oxidative glucose pathways such as the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP). In this review we provide evidence supporting the dual role of the HBP, i.e. playing a unique role in cardiac physiology and pathophysiology where acute upregulation confers cardioprotection while chronic activation contributes to the onset and progression of cardio-metabolic diseases such as diabetes, hypertrophy, ischemic heart disease, and heart failure. Thus although the HBP has emerged as a novel therapeutic target for such conditions, proposed interventions need to be applied in a context- and pathology-specific manner to avoid any potential drawbacks of relatively low cardiac HBP activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan Cairns
- Centre for Cardio-Metabolic Research in Africa, Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Danzil Joseph
- Centre for Cardio-Metabolic Research in Africa, Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - M. Faadiel Essop
- Centre for Cardio-Metabolic Research in Africa, Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- *Correspondence: M. Faadiel Essop,
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gomez MV, Dutta M, Suvorov A, Shi X, Gu H, Mani S, Yue Cui J. Early Life Exposure to Environmental Contaminants (BDE-47, TBBPA, and BPS) Produced Persistent Alterations in Fecal Microbiome in Adult Male Mice. Toxicol Sci 2021; 179:14-30. [PMID: 33078840 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfaa161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome is a pivotal player in toxicological responses. We investigated the effects of maternal exposure to 3 human health-relevant toxicants (BDE-47, tetrabromobisphenol [TBBPA], and bisphenol S [BPS]) on the composition and metabolite levels (bile acids [BAs] and short-chain fatty acids [SCFAs]) of the gut microbiome in adult pups. CD-1 mouse dams were orally exposed to vehicle (corn oil, 10 ml/kg), BDE-47 (0.2 mg/kg), TBBPA (0.2 mg/kg), or BPS (0.2 mg/kg) once daily from gestational day 8 to the end of lactation (postnatal day 21). 16S rRNA sequencing and targeted metabolomics were performed in feces of 20-week-old adult male pups (n = 14 - 23/group). Host gene expression and BA levels were quantified in liver. BPS had the most prominent effect on the beta-diversity of the fecal microbiome compared with TBPPA and BDE-47 (QIIME). Seventy-three taxa were persistently altered by at least 1 chemical, and 12 taxa were commonly regulated by all chemicals (most of which were from the Clostridia class and were decreased). The most distinct microbial biomarkers were S24-7 for BDE-47, Rikenellaceae for TBBPA, and Lactobacillus for BPS (LefSe). The community-wide contributions to the shift in microbial pathways were predicted using FishTaco. Consistent with FishTaco predictions, BDE-47 persistently increased fecal and hepatic BAs within the 12α hydroxylation pathway, corresponding to an up-regulation with the hepatic BA-synthetic enzyme Cyp7a1. Fecal BAs were also persistently up-regulated by TBBPA and BPS (liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry). TBBPA increased propionic acid and succinate, whereas BPS decreased acetic acid (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry). There was a general trend in the hepatic down-regulation of proinflammatory cytokines and the oxidative stress sensor target gene (Nqo1), and a decrease in G6Pdx (the deficiency of which leads to dyslipidemia). In conclusion, maternal exposure to these toxicants persistently modified the gut-liver axis, which may produce an immune-suppressive and dyslipidemia-prone signature later in life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew V Gomez
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Moumita Dutta
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Alexander Suvorov
- Environmental Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xiaojian Shi
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Haiwei Gu
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Sridhar Mani
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Julia Yue Cui
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Annandale M, Daniels LJ, Li X, Neale JPH, Chau AHL, Ambalawanar HA, James SL, Koutsifeli P, Delbridge LMD, Mellor KM. Fructose Metabolism and Cardiac Metabolic Stress. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:695486. [PMID: 34267663 PMCID: PMC8277231 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.695486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of mortality in diabetes. High fructose consumption has been linked with the development of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Serum and cardiac tissue fructose levels are elevated in diabetic patients, and cardiac production of fructose via the intracellular polyol pathway is upregulated. The question of whether direct myocardial fructose exposure and upregulated fructose metabolism have potential to induce cardiac fructose toxicity in metabolic stress settings arises. Unlike tightly-regulated glucose metabolism, fructose bypasses the rate-limiting glycolytic enzyme, phosphofructokinase, and proceeds through glycolysis in an unregulated manner. In vivo rodent studies have shown that high dietary fructose induces cardiac metabolic stress and functional disturbance. In vitro, studies have demonstrated that cardiomyocytes cultured in high fructose exhibit lipid accumulation, inflammation, hypertrophy and low viability. Intracellular fructose mediates post-translational modification of proteins, and this activity provides an important mechanistic pathway for fructose-related cardiomyocyte signaling and functional effect. Additionally, fructose has been shown to provide a fuel source for the stressed myocardium. Elucidating the mechanisms of fructose toxicity in the heart may have important implications for understanding cardiac pathology in metabolic stress settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Annandale
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - L J Daniels
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - X Li
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - J P H Neale
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - A H L Chau
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - H A Ambalawanar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - S L James
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - P Koutsifeli
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - L M D Delbridge
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - K M Mellor
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Vileigas DF, de Souza SLB, Corrêa CR, Silva CCVDA, de Campos DHS, Padovani CR, Cicogna AC. The effects of two types of Western diet on the induction of metabolic syndrome and cardiac remodeling in obese rats. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 92:108625. [PMID: 33705955 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) include obesity as a critical feature and is strongly associated with risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Insights into mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of these clinical manifestations are essential for the development of therapeutic strategies. Thus, Western diets (WD) have been widely employed in diet-induced obesity (DIO) model. However, there are variations in fat and sugar proportions of such diets, making comparisons challenging. We aimed to assess the impact of two types of the WD on metabolic status and cardiac remodeling, to achieve a DIO model that better mimics the human pathogenesis of MetS-induced CVD. Male Wistar rats were distributed into three groups: control diet, Western diet fat (WDF), and Western diet sugar (WDS) for 41 weeks. Metabolic and inflammatory parameters and cardiac changes were characterized. WDF and WDS feeding promoted higher serum triglycerides, glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance, while just WDF presented inflammation in adipose tissue. WDF-fed rats showed increased catalase activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) and carbonyl protein levels, suggesting cardiac oxidative stress, while WDS-fed rats only raised MDA. Both WD equally elevated protein expressions involved in lipid metabolism, but only WDF downregulated the glycolysis pathway. Furthermore, the mechanical myocardial function was impaired in obese rats, being more relevant in WDF. In conclusion, both WD effectively triggered MetS features, although inflammation was detected just on the WDF-fed animals. Moreover, the WDF promoted a more pronounced functional, metabolic, and oxidative cardiac disorder, suggesting to be an adequate model for studying CVD in the scenario of MetS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Fernandes Vileigas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Sérgio Luiz Borges de Souza
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Renata Corrêa
- Department of Patology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Carlos Roberto Padovani
- Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos Cicogna
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dhagia V, Kitagawa A, Jacob C, Zheng C, D'Alessandro A, Edwards JG, Rocic P, Gupte R, Gupte SA. G6PD activity contributes to the regulation of histone acetylation and gene expression in smooth muscle cells and to the pathogenesis of vascular diseases. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 320:H999-H1016. [PMID: 33416454 PMCID: PMC7988761 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00488.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to determine 1) the mechanism(s) that enables glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) to regulate serum response factor (SRF)- and myocardin (MYOCD)-driven smooth muscle cell (SMC)-restricted gene expression, a process that aids in the differentiation of SMCs, and 2) whether G6PD-mediated metabolic reprogramming contributes to the pathogenesis of vascular diseases in metabolic syndrome (MetS). Inhibition of G6PD activity increased (>30%) expression of SMC-restricted genes and concurrently decreased (40%) the growth of human and rat SMCs ex vivo. Expression of SMC-restricted genes decreased (>100-fold) across successive passages in primary cultures of SMCs isolated from mouse aorta. G6PD inhibition increased Myh11 (47%) while decreasing (>50%) Sca-1, a stem cell marker, in cells passaged seven times. Similarly, CRISPR-Cas9-mediated expression of the loss-of-function Mediterranean variant of G6PD (S188F; G6PDS188F) in rats promoted transcription of SMC-restricted genes. G6PD knockdown or inhibition decreased (48.5%) histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity, enriched (by 3-fold) H3K27ac on the Myocd promoter, and increased Myocd and Myh11 expression. Interestingly, G6PD activity was significantly higher in aortas from JCR rats with MetS than control Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Treating JCR rats with epiandrosterone (30 mg/kg/day), a G6PD inhibitor, increased expression of SMC-restricted genes, suppressed Serpine1 and Epha4, and reduced blood pressure. Moreover, feeding SD control (littermates) and G6PDS188F rats a high-fat diet for 4 mo increased Serpine1 and Epha4 expression and mean arterial pressure in SD but not G6PDS188F rats. Our findings demonstrate that G6PD downregulates transcription of SMC-restricted genes through HDAC-dependent deacetylation and potentially augments the severity of vascular diseases associated with MetS.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study gives detailed mechanistic insight about the regulation of smooth muscle cell (SMC) phenotype by metabolic reprogramming and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) in diabetes and metabolic syndrome. We demonstrate that G6PD controls the chromatin modifications by regulating histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity, which deacetylates histone 3-lysine 9 and 27. Notably, inhibition of G6PD decreases HDAC activity and enriches H3K27ac on myocardin gene promoter to enhance the expression of SMC-restricted genes. Also, we demonstrate for the first time that G6PD inhibitor treatment accentuates metabolic and transcriptomic reprogramming to reduce neointimal formation in coronary artery and large artery elastance in metabolic syndrome rats.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Acetylation
- Animals
- Cell Line
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/genetics
- Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/metabolism
- Hemodynamics
- Histones/metabolism
- Humans
- Male
- Metabolic Syndrome/enzymology
- Metabolic Syndrome/genetics
- Metabolic Syndrome/pathology
- Metabolic Syndrome/physiopathology
- Mice, Transgenic
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/enzymology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiopathology
- Mutation
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/enzymology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Myosin Heavy Chains/genetics
- Myosin Heavy Chains/metabolism
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- Nuclear Proteins/metabolism
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Serum Response Factor/genetics
- Serum Response Factor/metabolism
- Trans-Activators/genetics
- Trans-Activators/metabolism
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Vascular Remodeling
- Rats
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vidhi Dhagia
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Atsushi Kitagawa
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Christina Jacob
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Connie Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - John G Edwards
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Petra Rocic
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Rakhee Gupte
- Raadysan Biotech., Incorporated, Fishkill, New York
| | - Sachin A Gupte
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Vileigas DF, Marciano CLDC, Mota GAF, de Souza SLB, Sant’Ana PG, Okoshi K, Padovani CR, Cicogna AC. Temporal Measures in Cardiac Structure and Function During the Development of Obesity Induced by Different Types of Western Diet in a Rat Model. Nutrients 2019; 12:nu12010068. [PMID: 31888029 PMCID: PMC7019835 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is recognized worldwide as a complex metabolic disorder that has reached epidemic proportions and is often associated with a high incidence of cardiovascular diseases. To study this pathology and evaluate cardiac function, several models of diet-induced obesity (DIO) have been developed. The Western diet (WD) is one of the most widely used models; however, variations in diet composition and time period of the experimental protocol make comparisons challenging. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of two different types of Western diet on cardiac remodeling in obese rats with sequential analyses during a long-term follow-up. Male Wistar rats were distributed into three groups fed with control diet (CD), Western diet fat (WDF), and Western diet sugar (WDS) for 41 weeks. The animal nutritional profile and cardiac histology were assessed at the 41st week. Cardiac structure and function were evaluated by echocardiogram at four different moments: 17, 25, 33, and 41 weeks. A noninvasive method was performed to assess systolic blood pressure at the 33rd and 41st week. The animals fed with WD (WDF and WDS) developed pronounced obesity with an average increase of 86.5% in adiposity index at the end of the experiment. WDF and WDS groups also presented hypertension. The echocardiographic data showed no structural differences among the three groups, but WDF animals presented decreased endocardial fractional shortening and ejection fraction at the 33rd and 41st week, suggesting altered systolic function. Moreover, WDF and WFS animals did not present hypertrophy and interstitial collagen accumulation in the left ventricle. In conclusion, both WD were effective in triggering severe obesity in rats; however, only the WDF induced mild cardiac dysfunction after long-term diet exposure. Further studies are needed to search for an appropriate DIO model with relevant cardiac remodeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Fernandes Vileigas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu 18618687, Brazil; (D.F.V.); (C.L.d.C.M.); (G.A.F.M.); (S.L.B.d.S.); (P.G.S.); (K.O.)
| | - Cecília Lume de Carvalho Marciano
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu 18618687, Brazil; (D.F.V.); (C.L.d.C.M.); (G.A.F.M.); (S.L.B.d.S.); (P.G.S.); (K.O.)
| | - Gustavo Augusto Ferreira Mota
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu 18618687, Brazil; (D.F.V.); (C.L.d.C.M.); (G.A.F.M.); (S.L.B.d.S.); (P.G.S.); (K.O.)
| | - Sérgio Luiz Borges de Souza
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu 18618687, Brazil; (D.F.V.); (C.L.d.C.M.); (G.A.F.M.); (S.L.B.d.S.); (P.G.S.); (K.O.)
| | - Paula Grippa Sant’Ana
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu 18618687, Brazil; (D.F.V.); (C.L.d.C.M.); (G.A.F.M.); (S.L.B.d.S.); (P.G.S.); (K.O.)
| | - Katashi Okoshi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu 18618687, Brazil; (D.F.V.); (C.L.d.C.M.); (G.A.F.M.); (S.L.B.d.S.); (P.G.S.); (K.O.)
| | - Carlos Roberto Padovani
- Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu 18618970, Brazil;
| | - Antonio Carlos Cicogna
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu 18618687, Brazil; (D.F.V.); (C.L.d.C.M.); (G.A.F.M.); (S.L.B.d.S.); (P.G.S.); (K.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-14-3880-1618
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kostrzewski T, Maraver P, Ouro-Gnao L, Levi A, Snow S, Miedzik A, Rombouts K, Hughes D. A Microphysiological System for Studying Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. Hepatol Commun 2019; 4:77-91. [PMID: 31909357 PMCID: PMC6939502 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the most severe form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which to date has no approved drug treatments. There is an urgent need for better understanding of the genetic and molecular pathways that underlie NAFLD/NASH, and currently available preclinical models, be they in vivo or in vitro, do not fully represent key aspects of the human disease state. We have developed a human in vitro co‐culture NASH model using primary human hepatocytes, Kupffer cells and hepatic stellate cells, which are cultured together as microtissues in a perfused three‐dimensional microphysiological system (MPS). The microtissues were cultured in medium containing free fatty acids for at least 2 weeks, to induce a NASH‐like phenotype. The co‐culture microtissues within the MPS display a NASH‐like phenotype, showing key features of the disease including hepatic fat accumulation, the production of an inflammatory milieu, and the expression of profibrotic markers. Addition of lipopolysaccharide resulted in a more pro‐inflammatory milieu. In the model, obeticholic acid ameliorated the NASH phenotype. Microtissues were formed from both wild‐type and patatin‐like phospholipase domain containing 3 (PNPLA3) I148M mutant hepatic stellate cells. Stellate cells carrying the mutation enhanced the overall disease state of the model and in particular produced a more pro‐inflammatory milieu. Conclusion: The MPS model displays a phenotype akin to advanced NAFLD or NASH and has utility as a tool for exploring mechanisms underlying the disease. Furthermore, we demonstrate that in co‐culture the PNPLA3 I148M mutation alone can cause hepatic stellate cells to enhance the overall NASH disease phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paloma Maraver
- CN Bio Innovations Ltd. Welwyn Garden City Hertfordshire United Kingdom
| | - Larissa Ouro-Gnao
- CN Bio Innovations Ltd. Welwyn Garden City Hertfordshire United Kingdom
| | - Ana Levi
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Regenerative Medicine and Fibrosis Group, Royal Free University College London United Kingdom
| | - Sophie Snow
- CN Bio Innovations Ltd. Welwyn Garden City Hertfordshire United Kingdom
| | - Alina Miedzik
- CN Bio Innovations Ltd. Welwyn Garden City Hertfordshire United Kingdom
| | - Krista Rombouts
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Regenerative Medicine and Fibrosis Group, Royal Free University College London United Kingdom
| | - David Hughes
- CN Bio Innovations Ltd. Welwyn Garden City Hertfordshire United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Loza-Medrano SS, Baiza-Gutman LA, Manuel-Apolinar L, García-Macedo R, Damasio-Santana L, Martínez-Mar OA, Sánchez-Becerra MC, Cruz-López M, Ibáñez-Hernández MA, Díaz-Flores M. High fructose-containing drinking water-induced steatohepatitis in rats is prevented by the nicotinamide-mediated modulation of redox homeostasis and NADPH-producing enzymes. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 47:337-351. [PMID: 31650383 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-05136-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
An imbalance in the redox state, increased levels of lipid precursors and overactivation of de novo lipogenesis determine the development of fibrosis during nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). We evaluated the modulation of NADPH-producing enzymes associated with the antifibrotic, antioxidant and antilipemic effects of nicotinamide (NAM) in a model of NASH induced by excess fructose consumption. Male rats were provided drinking water containing 40% fructose for 16 weeks. During the last 12 weeks of fructose administration, water containing NAM was provided to some of the rats for 5 h/day. The biochemical profiles and the ghrelin, leptin, lipoperoxidation and TNF-α levels in serum and the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), malic enzyme (ME) and NADP+-dependent isocitric dehydrogenase (IDP) levels, the reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) and reduced/oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) (NAD(P)H/NAD(P)+) ratios, and the levels of various lipogenic and fibrotic markers in the liver were evaluated. The results showed that hepatic fibrosis induced by fructose consumption was associated with weight gain, hunger-satiety system dysregulation, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, lipoperoxidation and inflammation. Moreover, increased levels of hepatic G6PD and ME activity and expression, the NAD(P)H/NAD(P)+ ratios, and GSSG concentration and increased expression of lipogenic and fibrotic markers were detected, and these alterations were attenuated by NAM administration. Specifically, NAM diminished the activity and expression of G6PD and ME, and this effect was associated with a decrease in the NADPH/NADP+ ratios, increased GSH levels and decreased lipoperoxidation and inflammation, ameliorating fibrosis and NASH development. NAM reduces liver steatosis and fibrosis by regulating redox homeostasis through a G6PD- and ME-dependent mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S S Loza-Medrano
- Posgrado en Biomedicina y Biotecnología Molecular, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, Mexico.,Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Hospital de Especialidades (1er. Piso), "Bernardo Sepúlveda" Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, C.P. 06725, México City, Mexico
| | - L A Baiza-Gutman
- Laboratorio en Biología del Desarrollo, Unidad de Morfología y Función, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - L Manuel-Apolinar
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Endocrinas, Hospital de Especialidades "Bernardo Sepúlveda" Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, México City, Mexico
| | - R García-Macedo
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Hospital de Especialidades (1er. Piso), "Bernardo Sepúlveda" Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, C.P. 06725, México City, Mexico
| | - L Damasio-Santana
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Endocrinas, Hospital de Especialidades "Bernardo Sepúlveda" Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, México City, Mexico
| | - O A Martínez-Mar
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Hospital de Especialidades (1er. Piso), "Bernardo Sepúlveda" Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, C.P. 06725, México City, Mexico
| | - M C Sánchez-Becerra
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Hospital de Especialidades (1er. Piso), "Bernardo Sepúlveda" Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, C.P. 06725, México City, Mexico
| | - M Cruz-López
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Hospital de Especialidades (1er. Piso), "Bernardo Sepúlveda" Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, C.P. 06725, México City, Mexico
| | - M A Ibáñez-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Terapia Génica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, Mexico
| | - M Díaz-Flores
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Hospital de Especialidades (1er. Piso), "Bernardo Sepúlveda" Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, C.P. 06725, México City, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Loniewska MM, Gupta A, Bhatia S, MacKay-Clackett I, Jia Z, Wells PG. DNA damage and synaptic and behavioural disorders in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-deficient mice. Redox Biol 2019; 28:101332. [PMID: 31581069 PMCID: PMC6812046 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mice deficient in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) cannot replenish the cellular antioxidant glutathione, which detoxifies neurodegenerative reactive oxygen species (ROS). To determine the functional consequences of G6PD deficiency, young and aging G6PD-deficient mice were evaluated for brain G6PD activity, DNA damage (comets, γH2AX), Purkinje cell loss, brain function (electrophysiology, behaviour) and lifespan. DNA comet formation was increased and Purkinje cell counts were decreased in a G6pd gene dose-dependent fashion. γH2AX formation varied by age, sex and brain region, with increased levels in G6PD-deficient young and aging females, and in aging males. Aging male G6PD-deficient mice exhibited synaptic dysfunction in hippocampal slices. G6PD-deficient young and aging females exhibited deficits in executive function, and young deficient mice exhibited deficits in social dominance. Conversely, median lifespan in G6PD-deficient females and males was enhanced. Enhanced ROS-initiated brain damage in G6PD deficiency has functional consequences, suggesting that G6PD protects against ROS-mediated neurodegenerative disorders. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiencies are globally prevalent. Brain deficiencies enhance G6pd gene dose-dependent oxidative DNA damage. Deficient brains exhibit lower Purkinje cell numbers and synaptic dysfunction. G6PD-deficient mice exhibit cognitive and motor abnormalities. G6PD-dependent changes vary by age, sex and brain region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret M Loniewska
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Centre for Pharmaceutical Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anmol Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shama Bhatia
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Centre for Pharmaceutical Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Isabel MacKay-Clackett
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zhengping Jia
- Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, and Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter G Wells
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Centre for Pharmaceutical Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yuan T, Yang T, Chen H, Fu D, Hu Y, Wang J, Yuan Q, Yu H, Xu W, Xie X. New insights into oxidative stress and inflammation during diabetes mellitus-accelerated atherosclerosis. Redox Biol 2019; 20:247-260. [PMID: 30384259 PMCID: PMC6205410 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 358] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation interact in the development of diabetic atherosclerosis. Intracellular hyperglycemia promotes production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), increased formation of intracellular advanced glycation end-products, activation of protein kinase C, and increased polyol pathway flux. ROS directly increase the expression of inflammatory and adhesion factors, formation of oxidized-low density lipoprotein, and insulin resistance. They activate the ubiquitin pathway, inhibit the activation of AMP-protein kinase and adiponectin, decrease endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity, all of which accelerate atherosclerosis. Changes in the composition of the gut microbiota and changes in microRNA expression that influence the regulation of target genes that occur in diabetes interact with increased ROS and inflammation to promote atherosclerosis. This review highlights the consequences of the sustained increase of ROS production and inflammation that influence the acceleration of atherosclerosis by diabetes. The potential contributions of changes in the gut microbiota and microRNA expression are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yuan
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province 646000, China
| | - Ting Yang
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province 646000, China
| | - Huan Chen
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province 646000, China.
| | - Danli Fu
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province 646000, China
| | - Yangyang Hu
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province 646000, China
| | - Jing Wang
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province 646000, China
| | - Qing Yuan
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province 646000, China
| | - Hong Yu
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province 646000, China
| | - Wenfeng Xu
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province 646000, China
| | - Xiang Xie
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province 646000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Parsanathan R, Jain SK. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency increases cell adhesion molecules and activates human monocyte-endothelial cell adhesion: Protective role of l-cysteine. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 663:11-21. [PMID: 30582899 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase is a major enzyme that supplies the reducing agent nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrogen (NADPH), which is required to recycle oxidized/glutathione disulfide (GSSH) to reduced glutathione (GSH). G6PD-deficient cells are susceptible to oxidative stress and a deficiency of GSH. Endothelial dysfunction is characterized by the loss of nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, which regulates leukocyte adhesion to endothelium. G6PD-deficient endothelial cells (EC) demonstrate reduced expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and NO levels along with reduced GSH. Whether G6PD deficiency plays any role in EC dysfunction is unknown. The chronic inflammation commonly seen in those with metabolic syndrome, characterized by elevated levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), provided an incentive for investigation of these cytokines as well. A GSH/G6PD-deficient model was created using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) treated with either buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), a pharmacological inhibitor of the rate-limiting enzyme of GSH biosynthesis (γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase), or with 6-aminonicotinamide (6-AN), an inhibitor of G6PD or G6PD siRNA. Normal and G6PD-deficient cells were also treated with pro-atherosclerotic stimuli such as high glucose, TNF, and MCP-1. After inhibiting or knocking down G6PD/GSH, the capacity of endothelial cells for monocyte recruitment was assessed by determining the expression of the adhesion molecules intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), which was upregulated by G6PD deficiency and accompanied by the presence of the oxidative stress markers NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Treatment with the inhibitors BSO and 6-AN caused increased levels of adhesion molecule mRNA and monocyte-EC adhesion. Following treatment with high glucose, G6PD-deficient cells showed an increase in levels of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 mRNA, as well as monocyte-EC adherence, compared with results seen in control cells. Treatment with l-cysteine (a precursor of GSH) protected endothelial cells by increasing GSH and attenuating ROS, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and monocyte-EC adhesion. These results suggest that G6PD/GSH deficiency plays a role in endothelial dysfunction and that supplementation with l-cysteine can restore GSH levels and reduce the EC activation markers in G6PD-deficient conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Parsanathan
- Department of Pediatrics and Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and Sciences, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA, 71130, USA
| | - Sushil K Jain
- Department of Pediatrics and Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and Sciences, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA, 71130, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Olatunji LA, Areola ED, Badmus OO. Endoglin inhibition by sodium acetate and flutamide ameliorates cardiac defective G6PD-dependent antioxidant defense in gestational testosterone-exposed rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 107:1641-1647. [PMID: 30257382 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.08.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gestational androgen excess has been implicated in the development of cardiac dysfunction with poor mechanistic delineation. The role of sodium acetate on cardiac uric acid (UA) production and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)-dependent antioxidant defense in pregnancy is not known. The study therefore sought to test the hypothesis that rats exposed to elevated testosterone in late pregnancy would have increased cardiac UA production and defective G6PD-dependent antioxidant defense. We also hypothesized that sodium acetate (SAc) or androgen receptor blocker, flutamide (Flu) would ameliorate these effects through endoglin inhibition. Twenty-four pregnant Wistar rats were treated (sc) with olive oil, testosterone propionate (0.5 mg/kg) singly or in combination with SAc (200 mg/kg; po) or Flu (7.5 mg/kg; po) in the late gestation between gestational day 14 and 19. The results showed that in the late gestation, testosterone exposure led to increased plasma and cardiac endoglin. In the heart of rats exposed to gestational testosterone there were elevated lactate dehydrogenase, adenosine deaminase, xanthine oxidase, uric acid (UA), cardiac injury markers and decreased G6PD-dependent antioxidant defense. However, either SAc or Flu comparably ameliorated these testosterone-induced effects. The data from the present study revealed that testosterone exposure in the late gestation causes elevated cardiac Eng that is accompanied by increased UA production and defective G6PD-dependent anti-oxidant defenses. Besides, the findings also suggest that the inhibitory effect of SAc or Flu on endoglin attenuates UA production and enhances the G6PD-dependent anti-oxidant barrier, thereby implying that endoglin may be a potentially novel therapeutic intervention for cardiac dysfunction particularly in pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence A Olatunji
- HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team and Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Nigeria.
| | - Emmanuel D Areola
- HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team and Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Olufunto O Badmus
- HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team and Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Nigeria; Department of Public Health, Kwara State University, Malete, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Delbridge LMD, Benson VL, Ritchie RH, Mellor KM. Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: The Case for a Role of Fructose in Disease Etiology. Diabetes 2016; 65:3521-3528. [PMID: 27879401 DOI: 10.2337/db16-0682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
A link between excess dietary sugar and cardiac disease is clearly evident and has been largely attributed to systemic metabolic dysregulation. Now a new paradigm is emerging, and a compelling case can be made that fructose-associated heart injury may be attributed to the direct actions of fructose on cardiomyocytes. Plasma and cardiac fructose levels are elevated in patients with diabetes, and evidence suggests that some unique properties of fructose (vs. glucose) have specific cardiomyocyte consequences. Investigations to date have demonstrated that cardiomyocytes have the capacity to transport and utilize fructose and express all of the necessary proteins for fructose metabolism. When dietary fructose intake is elevated and myocardial glucose uptake compromised by insulin resistance, increased cardiomyocyte fructose flux represents a hazard involving unregulated glycolysis and oxidative stress. The high reactivity of fructose supports the contention that fructose accelerates subcellular hexose sugar-related protein modifications, such as O-GlcNAcylation and advanced glycation end product formation. Exciting recent discoveries link heart failure to induction of the specific high-affinity fructose-metabolizing enzyme, fructokinase, in an experimental setting. In this Perspective, we review key recent findings to synthesize a novel view of fructose as a cardiopathogenic agent in diabetes and to identify important knowledge gaps for urgent research focus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lea M D Delbridge
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vicky L Benson
- Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Rebecca H Ritchie
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kimberley M Mellor
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ham M, Choe SS, Shin KC, Choi G, Kim JW, Noh JR, Kim YH, Ryu JW, Yoon KH, Lee CH, Kim JB. Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency Improves Insulin Resistance With Reduced Adipose Tissue Inflammation in Obesity. Diabetes 2016; 65:2624-38. [PMID: 27284106 DOI: 10.2337/db16-0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), a rate-limiting enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway, plays important roles in redox regulation and de novo lipogenesis. It was recently demonstrated that aberrant upregulation of G6PD in obese adipose tissue mediates insulin resistance as a result of imbalanced energy metabolism and oxidative stress. It remains elusive, however, whether inhibition of G6PD in vivo may relieve obesity-induced insulin resistance. In this study we showed that a hematopoietic G6PD defect alleviates insulin resistance in obesity, accompanied by reduced adipose tissue inflammation. Compared with wild-type littermates, G6PD-deficient mutant (G6PD(mut)) mice were glucose tolerant upon high-fat-diet (HFD) feeding. Intriguingly, the expression of NADPH oxidase genes to produce reactive oxygen species was alleviated, whereas that of antioxidant genes was enhanced in the adipose tissue of HFD-fed G6PD(mut) mice. In diet-induced obesity (DIO), the adipose tissue of G6PD(mut) mice decreased the expression of inflammatory cytokines, accompanied by downregulated proinflammatory macrophages. Accordingly, macrophages from G6PD(mut) mice greatly suppressed lipopolysaccharide-induced proinflammatory signaling cascades, leading to enhanced insulin sensitivity in adipocytes and hepatocytes. Furthermore, adoptive transfer of G6PD(mut) bone marrow to wild-type mice attenuated adipose tissue inflammation and improved glucose tolerance in DIO. Collectively, these data suggest that inhibition of macrophage G6PD would ameliorate insulin resistance in obesity through suppression of proinflammatory responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mira Ham
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Adipose Tissue Remodeling, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Sik Choe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Adipose Tissue Remodeling, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Cheul Shin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Adipose Tissue Remodeling, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Goun Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Adipose Tissue Remodeling, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Won Kim
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Ran Noh
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yong-Hoon Kim
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Je-Won Ryu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Asan Medical Center and University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kun-Ho Yoon
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Lee
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jae Bum Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Adipose Tissue Remodeling, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Mapanga RF, Essop MF. Damaging effects of hyperglycemia on cardiovascular function: spotlight on glucose metabolic pathways. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 310:H153-73. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00206.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of cardiovascular complications associated with hyperglycemia is a growing global health problem. This review discusses the link between hyperglycemia and cardiovascular diseases onset, focusing on the role of recently emerging downstream mediators, namely, oxidative stress and glucose metabolic pathway perturbations. The role of hyperglycemia-mediated activation of nonoxidative glucose pathways (NOGPs) [i.e., the polyol pathway, hexosamine biosynthetic pathway, advanced glycation end products (AGEs), and protein kinase C] in this process is extensively reviewed. The proposal is made that there is a unique interplay between NOGPs and a downstream convergence of detrimental effects that especially affect cardiac endothelial cells, thereby contributing to contractile dysfunction. In this process the AGE pathway emerges as a crucial mediator of hyperglycemia-mediated detrimental effects. In addition, a vicious metabolic cycle is established whereby hyperglycemia-induced NOGPs further fuel their own activation by generating even more oxidative stress, thereby exacerbating damaging effects on cardiac function. Thus NOGP inhibition, and particularly that of the AGE pathway, emerges as a novel therapeutic intervention for the treatment of cardiovascular complications such as acute myocardial infarction in the presence hyperglycemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rudo F. Mapanga
- Cardio-Metabolic Research Group, Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - M. Faadiel Essop
- Cardio-Metabolic Research Group, Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Reyskens KMSE, Fisher TL, Schisler JC, O'Connor WG, Rogers AB, Willis MS, Planesse C, Boyer F, Rondeau P, Bourdon E, Essop MF. Cardio-metabolic effectsof HIV protease inhibitors (lopinavir/ritonavir). PLoS One 2013; 8:e73347. [PMID: 24098634 PMCID: PMC3787040 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Although antiretroviral treatment decreases HIV-AIDS morbidity/mortality, long-term side effects may include the onset of insulin resistance and cardiovascular diseases. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)-induced cardio-metabolic effects are poorly understood. In light of this, we hypothesized that HIV protease inhibitor (PI) treatment (Lopinavir/Ritonavir) elevates myocardial oxidative stress and concomitantly inhibits the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS), thereby attenuating cardiac function. Lopinavir/Ritonavir was dissolved in 1% ethanol (vehicle) and injected into mini-osmotic pumps that were surgically implanted into Wistar rats for 8 weeks vs. vehicle and sham controls. We subsequently evaluated metabolic parameters, gene/protein markers and heart function (ex vivo Langendorff perfusions). PI-treated rats exhibited increased serum LDL-cholesterol, higher tissue triglycerides (heart, liver), but no evidence of insulin resistance. In parallel, there was upregulation of hepatic gene expression, i.e. acetyl-CoA carboxylase β and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA-reductase, key regulators of fatty acid oxidation and cholesterol synthesis, respectively. PI-treated hearts displayed impaired cardiac contractile function together with attenuated UPS activity. However, there was no significant remodeling of hearts exposed to PIs, i.e. lack of ultrastructural changes, fibrosis, cardiac hypertrophic response, and oxidative stress. Western blot analysis of PI-treated hearts revealed that perturbed calcium handling may contribute to the PI-mediated contractile dysfunction. Here chronic PI administration led to elevated myocardial calcineurin, nuclear factor of activated T-cells 3 (NFAT3), connexin 43, and phosphorylated phospholamban, together with decreased calmodulin expression levels. This study demonstrates that early changes triggered by PI treatment include increased serum LDL-cholesterol levels together with attenuated cardiac function. Furthermore, PI exposure inhibits the myocardial UPS and leads to elevated calcineurin and connexin 43 expression that may be associated with the future onset of cardiac contractile dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M. S. E. Reyskens
- Cardio-Metabolic Research Group (CMRG), Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| | - Tarryn-Lee Fisher
- Cardio-Metabolic Research Group (CMRG), Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| | - Jonathan C. Schisler
- McAllister Heart Institute, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Wendi G. O'Connor
- McAllister Heart Institute, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Arlin B. Rogers
- McAllister Heart Institute, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Monte S. Willis
- McAllister Heart Institute, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Cynthia Planesse
- Groupe d'Etude sur l'Inflammation Chronique et l'Obésité (GEICO), Plateforme CYROI, Université de La Réunion, Saint Denis de La Réunion, France
| | - Florence Boyer
- Groupe d'Etude sur l'Inflammation Chronique et l'Obésité (GEICO), Plateforme CYROI, Université de La Réunion, Saint Denis de La Réunion, France
| | - Philippe Rondeau
- Groupe d'Etude sur l'Inflammation Chronique et l'Obésité (GEICO), Plateforme CYROI, Université de La Réunion, Saint Denis de La Réunion, France
| | - Emmanuel Bourdon
- Groupe d'Etude sur l'Inflammation Chronique et l'Obésité (GEICO), Plateforme CYROI, Université de La Réunion, Saint Denis de La Réunion, France
| | - M. Faadiel Essop
- Cardio-Metabolic Research Group (CMRG), Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hecker PA, Leopold JA, Gupte SA, Recchia FA, Stanley WC. Impact of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency on the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2012; 304:H491-500. [PMID: 23241320 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00721.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) catalyzes the rate-determining step in the pentose phosphate pathway and produces NADPH to fuel glutathione recycling. G6PD deficiency is the most common enzyme deficiency in humans and affects over 400 million people worldwide; however, its impact on cardiovascular disease is poorly understood. The glutathione pathway is paramount to antioxidant defense, and G6PD-deficient cells do not cope well with oxidative damage. Limited clinical evidence indicates that G6PD deficiency may be associated with hypertension. However, there are also data to support a protective role of G6PD deficiency in decreasing the risk of heart disease and cardiovascular-associated deaths, perhaps through a decrease in cholesterol synthesis. Studies in G6PD-deficient (G6PDX) mice are mixed and provide evidence for both protective and deleterious effects. G6PD deficiency may provide a protective effect through decreasing cholesterol synthesis, superoxide production, and reductive stress. However, recent studies indicate that G6PDX mice are moderately more susceptible to ventricular dilation in response to myocardial infarction or pressure overload-induced heart failure. Furthermore, G6PDX hearts do not recover as well as nondeficient mice when faced with ischemia-reperfusion injury, and G6PDX mice are susceptible to the development of age-associated cardiac hypertrophy. Overall, the limited available data indicate a complex interplay in which adverse effects of G6PD deficiency may outweigh potential protective effects in the face of cardiac stress. Definitive clinical studies in large populations are needed to determine the effects of G6PD deficiency on the development of cardiovascular disease and subsequent outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Hecker
- Division of Cardiology and Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|