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Pereira RRDS, Castro GBD, Magalhães CODE, Costa KB, Garcia BCC, Silva G, Carvalho JDCL, Machado ART, Vieira ER, Cassilhas RC, Pereira LJ, Dias-Peixoto MF, Andrade EF. High-intensity interval training mitigates the progression of periodontitis and improves behavioural aspects in rats. J Clin Periodontol 2024; 51:1222-1235. [PMID: 38798054 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.14020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on periodontitis (PD) progression and behavioural outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-eight Wistar rats were divided into four groups: non-trained (NT); non-trained with PD; HIIT with PD; and HIIT. The HIIT protocol, involving daily treadmill sessions, spanned 8 weeks, with PD induced by ligature after the 6th week. Behavioural tests were conducted to assess anxiety and memory. Post euthanasia, we evaluated the systemic inflammatory profile and oxidative stress markers in the hippocampus and amygdala. A morphological evaluation and elemental composition analysis of the mandibular alveolar bone were performed. RESULTS PD exacerbated alveolar bone level, bone surface damage and alterations in calcium and phosphorus percentages on the bone surface (p < .05), while HIIT attenuated these changes (p < .05). HIIT improved systemic inflammatory markers altered by PD (tumour necrosis factor [TNF]-α, interleukin [IL]-10, TNF-α/IL-10 and IL-1β/IL-10 ratios, p < .05). PD animals exhibited lower total antioxidant capacity and levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in the amygdala and hippocampus, respectively (p < .05). HIIT maintained these parameters at levels similar to those in NT animals. HIIT improved anxiety and memory outcomes altered by PD (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS HIIT attenuates systemic inflammation, anxiety and memory outcomes promoted by PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giselle Bicalho de Castro
- Health Sciences Program, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
| | | | - Karine Beatriz Costa
- Health Sciences Program, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriela Silva
- Health Sciences Program, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
| | | | | | - Etel Rocha Vieira
- Health Sciences Program, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Cardoso Cassilhas
- Health Sciences Program, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Luciano José Pereira
- Department of Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marco Fabrício Dias-Peixoto
- Health Sciences Program, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Eric Francelino Andrade
- Health Sciences Program, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
- Department of Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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2
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Dos Santos MC, da Silva DS, Cordeiro JP, Domingos LF, da Silva Gomes EH, Nogueira BV, Bocalini DS, Lima Leopoldo AP, Leopoldo AS. High-intensity interval training improves cardiomyocyte contractile function and myofilament sensitivity to intracellular Ca 2+ in obese rats. Exp Physiol 2024. [PMID: 39207362 DOI: 10.1113/ep092015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has shown significant results in addressing adiposity and risk factors associated with obesity. However, there are no studies that investigate the effects of HIIT on contractility and intracellular Ca2+ handling. The purpose of this study was to explore the impact of HIIT on cardiomyocyte contractile function and intracellular Ca2+ handling in rats in which obesity was induced by a saturated high-fat diet (HFD). Male Wistar rats were initially randomized into a standard diet and a HFD group. The experimental protocol spanned 23 weeks, comprising the induction and maintenance of obesity (15 weeks) followed by HIIT treatment (8 weeks). Performance was assessed using the maximum oxygen consumption test (V ̇ O 2 max ${{\dot{V}}_{{{{\mathrm{O}}}_{\mathrm{2}}}{\mathrm{max}}}}$ ). Evaluation encompassed cardiac, adipose and skeletal muscle histology, as well as contractility and intracellular Ca2+ handling. HIIT resulted in a reduction in visceral area, an increase inV ̇ O 2 max ${{\dot{V}}_{{{{\mathrm{O}}}_{\mathrm{2}}}{\mathrm{max}}}}$ , and an augmentation of gastrocnemius fibre diameter in obese subjects. Additionally, HIIT led to a decrease in collagen fraction, an increase in percentage shortening, and a reduction in systolic Ca2+/percentage shortening and systolic Ca2+/maximum shortening rates. HIIT induces physiological cardiac remodelling, enhancing the contractile function of cardiomyocytes and improving myofilament sensitivity to Ca2+ in the context of obesity. This approach not only enhances cardiorespiratory and physical performance but also reduces visceral area and prevents interstitial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Corteletti Dos Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Daniel Sesana da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Center of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Jóctan Pimentel Cordeiro
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Center of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Lucas Furtado Domingos
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition and Health, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Ezio Henrique da Silva Gomes
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Breno Valentim Nogueira
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
- Department of Morphology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Danilo Sales Bocalini
- Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Lima Leopoldo
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition and Health, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
- Department of Sports, Center of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - André Soares Leopoldo
- Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Center of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition and Health, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
- Department of Sports, Center of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
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3
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Liu Y, Zhang L, Wang Q, Liu H, Zhu X, Li H, Zhang H. The effects of high-intensity interval training/moderate-intensity continuous training on the inhibition of fat accumulation in rats fed a high-fat diet during training and detraining. Lipids Health Dis 2024; 23:221. [PMID: 39039573 PMCID: PMC11265190 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-024-02209-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compared with moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT), high-intensity interval training (HIIT) has at least a comparable effect on inhibiting an increase in fat. However, few studies have been conducted to examine the effects of detraining on body fat in rats fed a high-fat diet. The present study aimed to compare the effects of 10 weeks of HIIT or MICT as well as 6 weeks of detraining on body fat in rats fed a high-fat diet. METHODS After being fed a high-fat diet for 8 weeks, 54 female rats were randomly assigned to six groups: (1) CON-10, sedentary control for 10 weeks; (2) MICT-10, 10 weeks of MICT; (3) HIIT-10, 10 weeks of HIIT; (4) CON-16, sedentary control for 16 weeks; (5) MICT-16, 10 weeks of MICT followed by 6 weeks of training cessation; and (6) HIIT-16, 10 weeks of HIIT followed by 6 weeks of training cessation. The training was performed 5 days/week. The subcutaneous adipose tissue (inguinal; SCAT), visceral adipose tissue (periuterine; VAT) and serum lipid profile were analysed after 10 or 16 weeks. Adipose tissue triglyceride lipase (ATGL) protein expression in VAT was assessed by western blotting. RESULTS HIIT-10 and MICT-10 prevented the increase in SCAT, VAT and serum lipid levels seen in the CON group. During the 6-week detraining period, HIIT continued to prevent the increase in adipose tissue mass observed in the CON group, whereas MICT at least maintained this inhibition. The inhibition of fat mass increase was mainly the result of preventing adipocyte hypertrophy. The HIIT-10 and HIIT-16 groups showed the highest ATGL protein expression. CONCLUSIONS HIIT has a comparable effect to MICT on inhibiting fat accumulation in female rats; however, the inhibition of SCAT and VAT increase by HIIT is superior to MICT after short-term training cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Physical Education College, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lukai Zhang
- Physical Education College, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qiqi Wang
- Physical Education College, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Physical Education College, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiangui Zhu
- Physical Education College, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hong Li
- Physical Education College, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- Physical Education College, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China.
- Hebei Provincial Key Lab of Measurement and Evaluation in Human Movement and Bio- Information, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China.
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4
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Schenk S, Sagendorf TJ, Many GM, Lira AK, de Sousa LGO, Bae D, Cicha M, Kramer KS, Muehlbauer M, Hevener AL, Rector RS, Thyfault JP, Williams JP, Goodyear LJ, Esser KA, Newgard CB, Bodine SC. Physiological Adaptations to Progressive Endurance Exercise Training in Adult and Aged Rats: Insights from the Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium (MoTrPAC). FUNCTION 2024; 5:zqae014. [PMID: 38984994 PMCID: PMC11245678 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqae014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
While regular physical activity is a cornerstone of health, wellness, and vitality, the impact of endurance exercise training on molecular signaling within and across tissues remains to be delineated. The Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium (MoTrPAC) was established to characterize molecular networks underlying the adaptive response to exercise. Here, we describe the endurance exercise training studies undertaken by the Preclinical Animal Sites Studies component of MoTrPAC, in which we sought to develop and implement a standardized endurance exercise protocol in a large cohort of rats. To this end, Adult (6-mo) and Aged (18-mo) female (n = 151) and male (n = 143) Fischer 344 rats were subjected to progressive treadmill training (5 d/wk, ∼70%-75% VO2max) for 1, 2, 4, or 8 wk; sedentary rats were studied as the control group. A total of 18 solid tissues, as well as blood, plasma, and feces, were collected to establish a publicly accessible biorepository and for extensive omics-based analyses by MoTrPAC. Treadmill training was highly effective, with robust improvements in skeletal muscle citrate synthase activity in as little as 1-2 wk and improvements in maximum run speed and maximal oxygen uptake by 4-8 wk. For body mass and composition, notable age- and sex-dependent responses were observed. This work in mature, treadmill-trained rats represents the most comprehensive and publicly accessible tissue biorepository, to date, and provides an unprecedented resource for studying temporal-, sex-, and age-specific responses to endurance exercise training in a preclinical rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Schenk
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Tyler J Sagendorf
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Gina M Many
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Ana K Lira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Luis G O de Sousa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Dam Bae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Michael Cicha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Kyle S Kramer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Michael Muehlbauer
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Andrea L Hevener
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - R Scott Rector
- Research Service,
Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Medical Center, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
- NextGen Precision Health,
University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - John P Thyfault
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
- KU Diabetes Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - John P Williams
- Division of Aging Biology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20898, USA
| | - Laurie J Goodyear
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism,
Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Karyn A Esser
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Christopher B Newgard
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Sue C Bodine
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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5
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Chen X, Zhang T, Hu X, Wen Z, Lu W, Jiang W. High-Intensity Interval Training Programs Versus Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training for Individuals With Heart Failure: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2024:S0003-9993(24)01047-5. [PMID: 38862032 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2024.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the effect sizes of different high-intensity interval training (HIIT) protocols on cardiorespiratory parameters when compared with moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) in different heart failure (HF) subtypes. DATA SOURCES Electronic databases were searched from their inception date until January 23, 2023. STUDY SELECTION Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included if they compared HIIT with MICT in patients with HF. The primary outcome was peak oxygen consumption (Vo2peak). Two reviewers independently evaluated 99 initially identified studies, resulting in the selection of 15 RCTs that met the eligibility criteria. DATA EXTRACTION Data were extracted independently by 2 observers using a data extraction form drafted based on the CONSORT statement and the Template for Intervention Description and Replication; the methodological quality of the studies was analyzed individually based on the Tool for the Assessment of Study Quality in Exercise scale. DATA SYNTHESIS Fifteen RCTs with 553 patients with HF were included in the systematic review. The included studies had moderate to good overall methodological quality. The results showed that HIIT was generally more effective than MICT at improving Vo2peak in patients with HF (n=541, 15 RCTs; MD: 1.49 mL/kg/min; I2=66%; P<.001). However, the effect size varied depending on the HF subtype and HIIT protocol used. For patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), the long-interval (high-intensity interval lasting ≥4 min) and high-volume HIIT (high-intensity efforts in total ≥15 min) showed the largest benefits over the MICT (n=261, 6 RCTs; MD: 2.11 mL/kg/min; P<.001); followed by the short-interval (≤1 min) and high-volume HIIT (≥15 min; n=71, 3 RCTs; MD: 0.91 mL/kg/min; P=.12), and the short-interval and low-volume HIIT showed the least superiority over MICT (n=68, 3 RCTs; MD: 0.54 mL/kg/min; P=.05). For patients with HF with perceived ejection fraction, there was a modest beneficial effect from HIIT over MICT (n=141, 3 RCTs; MD: 0.55 mL/kg/min; P=.32). CONCLUSIONS The long-interval and high-volume HIIT protocol may produce greater benefits than MICT for improving cardiopulmonary fitness in patients with HFrEF. Further research is needed to determine the optimal HIIT protocol for different HF subtypes and to provide definitive recommendations for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiankun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou; Key Unit of Methodology in Clinical Research, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province
| | - Tong Zhang
- Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing; Zhen's Miscellaneous Diseases School in Lingnan (Lingnan Zhenshi Miscellaneous Diseases Genre), The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou
| | - Xiaoyue Hu
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou
| | - Zehuai Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou; Key Unit of Methodology in Clinical Research, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province
| | - Weihui Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou; Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Wei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou; Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
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6
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Amar D, Gay NR, Jimenez-Morales D, Jean Beltran PM, Ramaker ME, Raja AN, Zhao B, Sun Y, Marwaha S, Gaul DA, Hershman SG, Ferrasse A, Xia A, Lanza I, Fernández FM, Montgomery SB, Hevener AL, Ashley EA, Walsh MJ, Sparks LM, Burant CF, Rector RS, Thyfault J, Wheeler MT, Goodpaster BH, Coen PM, Schenk S, Bodine SC, Lindholm ME. The mitochondrial multi-omic response to exercise training across rat tissues. Cell Metab 2024; 36:1411-1429.e10. [PMID: 38701776 PMCID: PMC11152996 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria have diverse functions critical to whole-body metabolic homeostasis. Endurance training alters mitochondrial activity, but systematic characterization of these adaptations is lacking. Here, the Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium mapped the temporal, multi-omic changes in mitochondrial analytes across 19 tissues in male and female rats trained for 1, 2, 4, or 8 weeks. Training elicited substantial changes in the adrenal gland, brown adipose, colon, heart, and skeletal muscle. The colon showed non-linear response dynamics, whereas mitochondrial pathways were downregulated in brown adipose and adrenal tissues. Protein acetylation increased in the liver, with a shift in lipid metabolism, whereas oxidative proteins increased in striated muscles. Exercise-upregulated networks were downregulated in human diabetes and cirrhosis. Knockdown of the central network protein 17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 10 (HSD17B10) elevated oxygen consumption, indicative of metabolic stress. We provide a multi-omic, multi-tissue, temporal atlas of the mitochondrial response to exercise training and identify candidates linked to mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Amar
- Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Insitro, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yifei Sun
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | | | - David A Gaul
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Ashley Xia
- National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Martin J Walsh
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Lauren M Sparks
- Translational Research Institute AdventHealth, Orlando, FL, USA
| | | | | | - John Thyfault
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | | | | | - Paul M Coen
- Translational Research Institute AdventHealth, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Simon Schenk
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sue C Bodine
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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7
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Liu X, Jiang X, Hu J, Ding M, Lee SK, Korivi M, Qian Y, Li T, Wang L, Li W. Exercise attenuates high-fat diet-induced PVAT dysfunction through improved inflammatory response and BMP4-regulated adipose tissue browning. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1393343. [PMID: 38784129 PMCID: PMC11111863 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1393343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) dysfunction impairs vascular homeostasis. Impaired inflammation and bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP4) signaling are involved in thoracic PVAT dysfunction by regulating adipokine secretion and adipocyte phenotype transformation. We investigated whether aerobic exercise training could ameliorate high-fat diet (HFD)-induced PVAT dysfunction via improved inflammatory response and BMP4-mediated signaling pathways. Methods Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 24) were divided into three groups, namely control, high-fat diet (HFD), and HFD plus exercise (HEx). After a 6-week intervention, PVAT functional efficiency and changes in inflammatory biomarkers (circulating concentrations in blood and mRNA expressions in thoracic PVAT) were assessed. Results Chronic HFD feeding caused obesity and dyslipidemia in rats. HFD decreased the relaxation response of PVAT-containing vascular rings and impaired PVAT-regulated vasodilatation. However, exercise training effectively reversed these diet-induced pathological changes to PVAT. This was accompanied by significantly (p < 0.05) restoring the morphological structure and the decreased lipid droplet size in PVAT. Furthermore, HFD-induced impaired inflammatory response (both in circulation and PVAT) was notably ameliorated by exercise training (p < 0.05). Specifically, exercise training substantially reversed HFD-induced WAT-like characteristics to BAT-like characteristics as evidenced by increased UCP1 and decreased FABP4 protein levels in PVAT against HFD. Exercise training promoted transcriptional activation of BMP4 and associated signaling molecules (p38/MAPK, ATF2, PGC1α, and Smad5) that are involved in browning of adipose tissue. In conjunction with gene expressions, exercise training increased BMP4 protein content and activated downstream cascades, represented by upregulated p38/MAPK and PGC1α proteins in PVAT. Conclusion Regular exercise training can reverse HFD-induced obesity, dyslipidemia, and thoracic PVAT dysfunction in rats. The browning of adipose tissue through exercise appears to be modulated through improved inflammatory response and/or BMP4-mediated signaling cascades in obese rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Liu
- Exercise and Metabolism Research Center, College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Xi Jiang
- Exercise and Metabolism Research Center, College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Jing Hu
- School of Medicine, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua, China
| | - Mingxing Ding
- School of Medicine, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua, China
| | - Sang Ki Lee
- Department of Sport Science, College of Natural Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mallikarjuna Korivi
- Exercise and Metabolism Research Center, College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Yongdong Qian
- Exercise and Metabolism Research Center, College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Ting Li
- Exercise and Metabolism Research Center, College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Lifeng Wang
- Exercise and Metabolism Research Center, College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Wei Li
- Exercise and Metabolism Research Center, College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
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8
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Many GM, Sanford JA, Sagendorf TJ, Hou Z, Nigro P, Whytock KL, Amar D, Caputo T, Gay NR, Gaul DA, Hirshman MF, Jimenez-Morales D, Lindholm ME, Muehlbauer MJ, Vamvini M, Bergman BC, Fernández FM, Goodyear LJ, Hevener AL, Ortlund EA, Sparks LM, Xia A, Adkins JN, Bodine SC, Newgard CB, Schenk S. Sexual dimorphism and the multi-omic response to exercise training in rat subcutaneous white adipose tissue. Nat Metab 2024; 6:963-979. [PMID: 38693320 PMCID: PMC11132991 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00959-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Subcutaneous white adipose tissue (scWAT) is a dynamic storage and secretory organ that regulates systemic homeostasis, yet the impact of endurance exercise training (ExT) and sex on its molecular landscape is not fully established. Utilizing an integrative multi-omics approach, and leveraging data generated by the Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium (MoTrPAC), we show profound sexual dimorphism in the scWAT of sedentary rats and in the dynamic response of this tissue to ExT. Specifically, the scWAT of sedentary females displays -omic signatures related to insulin signaling and adipogenesis, whereas the scWAT of sedentary males is enriched in terms related to aerobic metabolism. These sex-specific -omic signatures are preserved or amplified with ExT. Integration of multi-omic analyses with phenotypic measures identifies molecular hubs predicted to drive sexually distinct responses to training. Overall, this study underscores the powerful impact of sex on adipose tissue biology and provides a rich resource to investigate the scWAT response to ExT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina M Many
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - James A Sanford
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Tyler J Sagendorf
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Zhenxin Hou
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Pasquale Nigro
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katie L Whytock
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - David Amar
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tiziana Caputo
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicole R Gay
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - David A Gaul
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Michael F Hirshman
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Jimenez-Morales
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Malene E Lindholm
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael J Muehlbauer
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Maria Vamvini
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bryan C Bergman
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Facundo M Fernández
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Laurie J Goodyear
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrea L Hevener
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Eric A Ortlund
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lauren M Sparks
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Ashley Xia
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joshua N Adkins
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA.
| | - Sue C Bodine
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
| | - Christopher B Newgard
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Simon Schenk
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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9
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Herrera JJ, McAllister CM, Szczesniak D, Goddard R, Day SM. High-intensity exercise training using a rotarod instrument (RotaHIIT) significantly improves exercise capacity in mice. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e15997. [PMID: 38697937 PMCID: PMC11065697 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Voluntary or forced exercise training in mice is used to assess functional capacity as well as potential disease-modifying effects of exercise over a range of cardiovascular disease phenotypes. Compared to voluntary wheel running, forced exercise training enables precise control of exercise workload and volume, and results in superior changes in cardiovascular performance. However, the use of a shock grid with treadmill-based training is associated with stress and risk of injury, and declining compliance with longer periods of training time for many mouse strains. With these limitations in mind, we designed a novel, high-intensity interval training modality (HIIT) for mice that is carried out on a rotarod. Abbreviated as RotaHIIT, this protocol establishes interval workload intensities that are not time or resource intensive, maintains excellent training compliance over time, and results in improved exercise capacity independent of sex when measured by treadmill graded exercise testing (GXT) and rotarod specific acceleration and endurance testing. This protocol may therefore be useful and easily implemented for a broad range of research investigations. As RotaHIIT training was not associated cardiac structural or functional changes, or changes in oxidative capacity in cardiac or skeletal muscle tissue, further studies will be needed to define the physiological adaptations and molecular transducers that are driving the training effect of this exercise modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan J. Herrera
- Department of Molecular & Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA
- Medical Scientist Training ProgramUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Christopher M. McAllister
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Danielle Szczesniak
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular MedicineUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Rose‐Carmel Goddard
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular MedicineUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Sharlene M. Day
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
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10
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Fitts RH, Wang X, Kwok WM, Camara AKS. Cardiomyocyte Adaptation to Exercise: K+ Channels, Contractility and Ischemic Injury. Int J Sports Med 2024. [PMID: 38648799 DOI: 10.1055/a-2296-7604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, and exercise-training (TRN) is known to reduce risk factors and protect the heart from ischemia and reperfusion injury. Though the cardioprotective effects of exercise are well-documented, underlying mechanisms are not well understood. This review highlights recent findings and focuses on cardiac factors with emphasis on K+ channel control of the action potential duration (APD), β-adrenergic and adenosine regulation of cardiomyocyte function, and mitochondrial Ca2+ regulation. TRN-induced prolongation and shortening of the APD at low and high activation rates, respectively, is discussed in the context of a reduced response of the sarcolemma delayed rectifier potassium channel (IK) and increased content and activation of the sarcolemma KATP channel. A proposed mechanism underlying the latter is presented, including the phosphatidylinositol-3kinase/protein kinase B pathway. TRN induced increases in cardiomyocyte contractility and the response to adrenergic agonists are discussed. The TRN-induced protection from reperfusion injury is highlighted by the increased content and activation of the sarcolemma KATP channel and the increased phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase-3β, which aid in preventing mitochondrial Ca2+ overload and mitochondria-triggered apoptosis. Finally, a brief section is presented on the increased incidences of atrial fibrillation associated with age and in life-long exercisers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert H Fitts
- Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, United States
| | - Xinrui Wang
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States
| | - Wai-Meng Kwok
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States
- Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States
- Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States
| | - Amadou K S Camara
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States
- Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States
- Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States
- Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States
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11
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Zhang P, Da Silva Goncalves Bos D, Vang A, Feord J, McCullough DJ, Zimmer A, D'Silva N, Clements RT, Choudhary G. Reduced exercise capacity occurs before intrinsic skeletal muscle dysfunction in experimental rat models of pulmonary hypertension. Pulm Circ 2024; 14:e12358. [PMID: 38576776 PMCID: PMC10993156 DOI: 10.1002/pul2.12358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Reduced exercise capacity in pulmonary hypertension (PH) significantly impacts quality of life. However, the cause of reduced exercise capacity in PH remains unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate whether intrinsic skeletal muscle changes are causative in reduced exercise capacity in PH using preclinical PH rat models with different PH severity. PH was induced in adult Sprague-Dawley (SD) or Fischer (CDF) rats with one dose of SU5416 (20 mg/kg) injection, followed by 3 weeks of hypoxia and additional 0-4 weeks of normoxia exposure. Control s rats were injected with vehicle and housed in normoxia. Echocardiography was performed to assess cardiac function. Exercise capacity was assessed by VO2 max. Skeletal muscle structural changes (atrophy, fiber type switching, and capillary density), mitochondrial function, isometric force, and fatigue profile were assessed. In SD rats, right ventricular systolic dysfunction is associated with reduced exercise capacity in PH rats at 7-week timepoint in comparison to control rats, while no changes were observed in skeletal muscle structure, mitochondrial function, isometric force, or fatigue profile. CDF rats at 4-week timepoint developed a more severe PH and, in addition to right ventricular dysfunction, the reduced exercise capacity in these rats is associated with skeletal muscle atrophy; however, mitochondrial function, isometric force, and fatigue profile in skeletal muscle remain unchanged. Our data suggest that cardiopulmonary impairments in PH are the primary cause of reduced exercise capacity, which occurs before intrinsic skeletal muscle dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Vascular Research LaboratoryProvidence VA Medical CenterProvidenceRhode IslandUSA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of MedicineAlpert Medical School of Brown UniversityProvidenceRhode IslandUSA
| | - Denielli Da Silva Goncalves Bos
- Vascular Research LaboratoryProvidence VA Medical CenterProvidenceRhode IslandUSA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of MedicineAlpert Medical School of Brown UniversityProvidenceRhode IslandUSA
- Pulmonary Division, Heart InstituteUniversity of São Paulo Medical SchoolSão PauloBrazil
| | - Alexander Vang
- Vascular Research LaboratoryProvidence VA Medical CenterProvidenceRhode IslandUSA
| | - Julia Feord
- Vascular Research LaboratoryProvidence VA Medical CenterProvidenceRhode IslandUSA
| | | | - Alexsandra Zimmer
- Vascular Research LaboratoryProvidence VA Medical CenterProvidenceRhode IslandUSA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of MedicineAlpert Medical School of Brown UniversityProvidenceRhode IslandUSA
| | - Natalie D'Silva
- Vascular Research LaboratoryProvidence VA Medical CenterProvidenceRhode IslandUSA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of MedicineAlpert Medical School of Brown UniversityProvidenceRhode IslandUSA
| | - Richard T. Clements
- Vascular Research LaboratoryProvidence VA Medical CenterProvidenceRhode IslandUSA
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Rhode IslandKingstonRhode IslandUSA
| | - Gaurav Choudhary
- Vascular Research LaboratoryProvidence VA Medical CenterProvidenceRhode IslandUSA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of MedicineAlpert Medical School of Brown UniversityProvidenceRhode IslandUSA
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12
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Norevik CS, Huuha AM, Røsbjørgen RN, Hildegard Bergersen L, Jacobsen K, Miguel-Dos-Santos R, Ryan L, Skender B, Moreira JBN, Kobro-Flatmoen A, Witter MP, Scrimgeour N, Tari AR. Exercised blood plasma promotes hippocampal neurogenesis in the Alzheimer's disease rat brain. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2024; 13:245-255. [PMID: 37500010 PMCID: PMC10980897 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise training promotes brain plasticity and is associated with protection against cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease (AD). These beneficial effects may be partly mediated by blood-borne factors. Here we used an in vitro model of AD to investigate effects of blood plasma from exercise-trained donors on neuronal viability, and an in vivo rat model of AD to test whether such plasma impacts cognitive function, amyloid pathology, and neurogenesis. METHODS Mouse hippocampal neuronal cells were exposed to AD-like stress using amyloid-β and treated with plasma collected from human male donors 3 h after a single bout of high-intensity exercise. For in vivo studies, blood was collected from exercise-trained young male Wistar rats (high-intensity intervals 5 days/week for 6 weeks). Transgenic AD rats (McGill-R-Thy1-APP) were injected 5 times/fortnight for 6 weeks at 2 months or 5 months of age with either (a) plasma from the exercise-trained rats, (b) plasma from sedentary rats, or (c) saline. Cognitive function, amyloid plaque pathology, and neurogenesis were assessed. The plasma used for the treatment was analyzed for 23 cytokines. RESULTS Plasma from exercised donors enhanced cell viability by 44.1% (p = 0.032) and reduced atrophy by 50.0% (p < 0.001) in amyloid-β-treated cells. In vivo exercised plasma treatment did not alter cognitive function or amyloid plaque pathology but did increase hippocampal neurogenesis by ∼3 fold, regardless of pathological stage, when compared to saline-treated rats. Concentrations of 7 cytokines were significantly reduced in exercised plasma compared to sedentary plasma. CONCLUSION Our proof-of-concept study demonstrates that plasma from exercise-trained donors can protect neuronal cells in culture and promote adult hippocampal neurogenesis in the AD rat brain. This effect may be partly due to reduced pro-inflammatory signaling molecules in exercised plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilie Skarstad Norevik
- Cardiac Exercise Research Group (CERG), Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, St. Olavs University Hospital, 7030, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Aleksi M Huuha
- Cardiac Exercise Research Group (CERG), Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, St. Olavs University Hospital, 7030, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ragnhild N Røsbjørgen
- Cardiac Exercise Research Group (CERG), Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Kamilla Jacobsen
- Cardiac Exercise Research Group (CERG), Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Rodrigo Miguel-Dos-Santos
- Cardiac Exercise Research Group (CERG), Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, 49100-000, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Liv Ryan
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Belma Skender
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Centre for Neural Computation, and Egil and Pauline Braathen and Fred Kavli Centre for Cortical Microcircuits, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7030, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jose Bianco N Moreira
- Cardiac Exercise Research Group (CERG), Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Asgeir Kobro-Flatmoen
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Centre for Neural Computation, and Egil and Pauline Braathen and Fred Kavli Centre for Cortical Microcircuits, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7030, Trondheim, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Centre for Alzheimer's Disease, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7030, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Menno P Witter
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Centre for Neural Computation, and Egil and Pauline Braathen and Fred Kavli Centre for Cortical Microcircuits, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7030, Trondheim, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Centre for Alzheimer's Disease, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7030, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Nathan Scrimgeour
- Cardiac Exercise Research Group (CERG), Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Atefe R Tari
- Cardiac Exercise Research Group (CERG), Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, St. Olavs University Hospital, 7030, Trondheim, Norway.
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13
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Heyne E, Zeeb S, Junker C, Petzinna A, Schrepper A, Doenst T, Koch LG, Britton SL, Schwarzer M. Exercise Training Differentially Affects Skeletal Muscle Mitochondria in Rats with Inherited High or Low Exercise Capacity. Cells 2024; 13:393. [PMID: 38474357 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Exercise capacity has been related to morbidity and mortality. It consists of an inherited and an acquired part and is dependent on mitochondrial function. We assessed skeletal muscle mitochondrial function in rats with divergent inherited exercise capacity and analyzed the effect of exercise training. Female high (HCR)- and low (LCR)-capacity runners were trained with individually adapted high-intensity intervals or kept sedentary. Interfibrillar (IFM) and subsarcolemmal (SSM) mitochondria from gastrocnemius muscle were isolated and functionally assessed (age: 15 weeks). Sedentary HCR presented with higher exercise capacity than LCR paralleled by higher citrate synthase activity and IFM respiratory capacity in skeletal muscle of HCR. Exercise training increased exercise capacity in both HCR and LCR, but this was more pronounced in LCR. In addition, exercise increased skeletal muscle mitochondrial mass more in LCR. Instead, maximal respiratory capacity was increased following exercise in HCRs' IFM only. The results suggest that differences in skeletal muscle mitochondrial subpopulations are mainly inherited. Exercise training resulted in different mitochondrial adaptations and in higher trainability of LCR. HCR primarily increased skeletal muscle mitochondrial quality while LCR increased mitochondrial quantity in response to exercise training, suggesting that inherited aerobic exercise capacity differentially affects the mitochondrial response to exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Heyne
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Susanne Zeeb
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Celina Junker
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Andreas Petzinna
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Andrea Schrepper
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Torsten Doenst
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Lauren G Koch
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Steven L Britton
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Michael Schwarzer
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, 07747 Jena, Germany
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14
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Troutman AD, Srinivasan S, Metzger CE, Fallen PB, Chen N, O'Neill KD, Allen MR, Biruete A, Moe SM, Avin KG. Musculoskeletal Health Worsened from Carnitine Supplementation and Not Impacted by a Novel Individualized Treadmill Training Protocol. Am J Nephrol 2024; 55:369-379. [PMID: 38377965 PMCID: PMC11147712 DOI: 10.1159/000537827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic kidney disease (CKD) negatively affects musculoskeletal health, leading to reduced mobility, and quality of life. In healthy populations, carnitine supplementation and aerobic exercise have been reported to improve musculoskeletal health. However, there are inconclusive results regarding their effectiveness and safety in CKD. We hypothesized that carnitine supplementation and individualized treadmill exercise would improve musculoskeletal health in CKD. METHODS We used a spontaneously progressive CKD rat model (Cy/+ rat) (n = 11-12/gr): (1) Cy/+ (CKD-Ctrl), (2) CKD-carnitine (CKD-Carn), and (3) CKD-treadmill (CKD-TM). Carnitine (250 mg/kg) was injected daily for 10 weeks. Rats in the treadmill group ran 4 days/week on a 5° incline for 10 weeks progressing from 30 min/day for week one to 40 min/day for week two to 50 min/day for the remaining 8 weeks. At 32 weeks of age, we assessed overall cardiopulmonary fitness, muscle function, bone histology and architecture, and kidney function. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA with Tukey's multiple comparisons tests. RESULTS Moderate to severe CKD was confirmed by biochemistries for blood urea nitrogen (mean 43 ± 5 mg/dL CKD-Ctrl), phosphorus (mean 8 ± 1 mg/dL CKD-Ctrl), parathyroid hormone (PTH; mean 625 ± 185 pg/mL CKD-Ctrl), and serum creatinine (mean 1.1 ± 0.2 mg/mL CKD-Ctrl). Carnitine worsened phosphorous (mean 11 ± 3 mg/dL CKD-Carn; p < 0.0001), PTH (mean 1,738 ± 1,233 pg/mL CKD-Carn; p < 0.0001), creatinine (mean 1 ± 0.3 mg/dL CKD-Carn; p < 0.0001), cortical bone thickness (mean 0.5 ± 0.1 mm CKD-Ctrl, 0.4 ± 0.1 mm CKD-Carn; p < 0.05). Treadmill running significantly improves maximal aerobic capacity when compared to CKD-Ctrl (mean 14 ± 2 min CKD-TM, 10 ± 2 min CKD-Ctrl; p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Carnitine supplementation worsened CKD progression, mineral metabolism biochemistries, and cortical porosity and did not have an impact on physical function. Individualized treadmill running improved maximal aerobic capacity but did not have an impact on CKD progression or bone properties. Future studies should seek to better understand carnitine doses in conditions of compromised renal function to prevent toxicity which may result from elevated carnitine levels and to optimize exercise prescriptions for musculoskeletal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley D Troutman
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Human Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Shruthi Srinivasan
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Corinne E Metzger
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Paul B Fallen
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Neal Chen
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Kalisha D O'Neill
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Matthew R Allen
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Annabel Biruete
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Sharon M Moe
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Keith G Avin
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Human Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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15
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Jiang J, Ni L, Zhang X, Chatterjee E, Lehmann HI, Li G, Xiao J. Keeping the Heart Healthy: The Role of Exercise in Cardiac Repair and Regeneration. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 39:1088-1107. [PMID: 37132606 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2023.0301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Heart failure is often accompanied by a decrease in the number of cardiomyocytes. Although the adult mammalian hearts have limited regenerative capacity, the rate of regeneration is extremely low and decreases with age. Exercise is an effective means to improve cardiovascular function and prevent cardiovascular diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms of how exercise acts on cardiomyocytes are still not fully elucidated. Therefore, it is important to explore the role of exercise in cardiomyocytes and cardiac regeneration. Recent Advances: Recent advances have shown that the effects of exercise on cardiomyocytes are critical for cardiac repair and regeneration. Exercise can induce cardiomyocyte growth by increasing the size and number. It can induce physiological cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, inhibit cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and promote cardiomyocyte proliferation. In this review, we have discussed the molecular mechanisms and recent studies of exercise-induced cardiac regeneration, with a focus on its effects on cardiomyocytes. Critical Issues: There is no effective way to promote cardiac regeneration. Moderate exercise can keep the heart healthy by encouraging adult cardiomyocytes to survive and regenerate. Therefore, exercise could be a promising tool for stimulating the regenerative capability of the heart and keeping the heart healthy. Future Directions: Although exercise is an important measure to promote cardiomyocyte growth and subsequent cardiac regeneration, more studies are needed on how to do beneficial exercise and what factors are involved in cardiac repair and regeneration. Thus, it is important to clarify the mechanisms, pathways, and other critical factors involved in the exercise-mediated cardiac repair and regeneration. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 39, 1088-1107.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jizong Jiang
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingyan Ni
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Emeli Chatterjee
- Cardiovascular Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - H Immo Lehmann
- Cardiovascular Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Guoping Li
- Cardiovascular Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Junjie Xiao
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
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16
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Lai Y, Loy F, Isola M, Noli R, Rinaldi A, Lobina C, Vargiu R, Cesare Marincola F, Isola R. Male and Female Mitochondria Respond Differently after Exercising in Acute Hypoxia. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3149. [PMID: 38137370 PMCID: PMC10740434 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of hypoxic devices among athletes who train in normobaric hypoxia has become increasingly popular; however, the acute effects on heart and brain metabolism are not yet fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the mitochondrial bioenergetics in trained male and female Wistar rats after acute hypoxia training. The experimental plan included exercising for 30 min on a treadmill in a Plexiglas cage connected to a hypoxic generator set at 12.5% O2 or in normoxia. After the exercise, the rats were sacrificed, and their mitochondria were isolated from their brains and hearts. The bioenergetics for each complex of the electron transport chain was tested using a Clark-type electrode. The results showed that following hypoxia training, females experienced impaired oxidative phosphorylation through complex II in heart subsarcolemmal mitochondria, while males had an altered ADP/O in heart interfibrillar mitochondria, without any change in oxidative capacity. No differences from controls were evident in the brain, but an increased electron transport system efficiency was observed with complex I and IV substrates in males. Therefore, the study's findings suggest that hypoxia training affects the heart mitochondria of females more than males. This raises a cautionary flag for female athletes who use hypoxic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ylenia Lai
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Francesco Loy
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Michela Isola
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Roberta Noli
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Andrea Rinaldi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Carla Lobina
- Neuroscience Institute, Division of Cagliari, National Research Council of Italy, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Romina Vargiu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Flaminia Cesare Marincola
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Raffaella Isola
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
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17
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Orsi JB, Araujo LS, Scariot PPM, Polisel EEC, Cardoso LO, Gobatto CA, Manchado-Gobatto FB. Critical Velocity, Maximal Lactate Steady State, and Muscle MCT1 and MCT4 after Exhaustive Running in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15753. [PMID: 37958736 PMCID: PMC10648804 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the critical velocity (CV) protocol has been used to determine the aerobic capacity in rodents, there is a lack of studies that compare CV with maximal lactate steady state intensity (iMLSS) in mice. As a consequence, their physiological and molecular responses after exercise until exhaustion at CV intensity remain unclear. Thus, we aimed to compare and correlate CV with iMLSS in running mice, following different mathematical models for CV estimation. We also evaluated their physiological responses and muscle MCT1 and MCT4 after running until exhaustion at CV. Thirty C57BL/6J mice were divided into two groups (exercised-E and control-C). Group E was submitted to a CV protocol (4 days), using linear (lin1 and lin2) and hyperbolic (hyp) mathematical models to determine the distance, velocity, and time to exhaustion (tlim) of each predictive CV trial, followed by an MLSS protocol. After a running effort until exhaustion at CV intensity, the mice were immediately euthanized, while group C was euthanized at rest. No differences were observed between iMLSS (21.1 ± 1.1 m.min-1) and CV estimated by lin1 (21.0 ± 0.9 m.min-1, p = 0.415), lin2 (21.3 ± 0.9 m.min-1, p = 0.209), and hyp (20.6 ± 0.9 m.min-1, p = 0.914). According to the results, CV was significantly correlated with iMLSS. After running until exhaustion at CV (tlim = 28.4 ± 8,29 min), group E showed lower concentrations of hepatic and gluteal glycogen than group C, but no difference in the content of MCT1 (p = 0.933) and MCT4 (p = 0.123) in soleus muscle. Significant correlations were not found between MCT1 and MCT4 and tlim at CV intensity. Our results reinforce that CV is a valid and non-invasive protocol to estimate the maximal aerobic capacity in mice and that the content of MCT1 and MCT4 was not decisive in determining the tlim at CV, at least when measured immediately after the running effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan B Orsi
- Laboratory of Applied Sport Physiology, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Pedro Zaccaria Street, 1.300, Jardim Santa Luíza, Limeira 13484-350, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lara S Araujo
- Laboratory of Applied Sport Physiology, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Pedro Zaccaria Street, 1.300, Jardim Santa Luíza, Limeira 13484-350, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro P M Scariot
- Laboratory of Applied Sport Physiology, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Pedro Zaccaria Street, 1.300, Jardim Santa Luíza, Limeira 13484-350, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Emanuel E C Polisel
- Laboratory of Applied Sport Physiology, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Pedro Zaccaria Street, 1.300, Jardim Santa Luíza, Limeira 13484-350, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luisa O Cardoso
- Laboratory of Applied Sport Physiology, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Pedro Zaccaria Street, 1.300, Jardim Santa Luíza, Limeira 13484-350, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudio A Gobatto
- Laboratory of Applied Sport Physiology, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Pedro Zaccaria Street, 1.300, Jardim Santa Luíza, Limeira 13484-350, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fúlvia B Manchado-Gobatto
- Laboratory of Applied Sport Physiology, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Pedro Zaccaria Street, 1.300, Jardim Santa Luíza, Limeira 13484-350, São Paulo, Brazil
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18
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Smith GR, Zhao B, Lindholm ME, Raja A, Viggars M, Pincas H, Gay NR, Sun Y, Ge Y, Nair VD, Sanford JA, Amper MAS, Vasoya M, Smith KS, Montgomery S, Zaslavsky E, Bodine SC, Esser KA, Walsh MJ, Snyder MP. Multi-omic identification of key transcriptional regulatory programs during endurance exercise training. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.10.523450. [PMID: 36711841 PMCID: PMC9882056 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.10.523450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) play a key role in regulating gene expression and responses to stimuli. We conducted an integrated analysis of chromatin accessibility, DNA methylation, and RNA expression across eight rat tissues following endurance exercise training (EET) to map epigenomic changes to transcriptional changes and determine key TFs involved. We uncovered tissue-specific changes and TF motif enrichment across all omic layers, differentially accessible regions (DARs), differentially methylated regions (DMRs), and differentially expressed genes (DEGs). We discovered distinct routes of EET-induced regulation through either epigenomic alterations providing better access for TFs to affect target genes, or via changes in TF expression or activity enabling target gene response. We identified TF motifs enriched among correlated epigenomic and transcriptomic alterations, DEGs correlated with exercise-related phenotypic changes, and EET-induced activity changes of TFs enriched for DEGs among their gene targets. This analysis elucidates the unique transcriptional regulatory mechanisms mediating diverse organ effects of EET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory R Smith
- Department of Neurology, Center for Advanced Research on Diagnostic Assays, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Bingqing Zhao
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Malene E Lindholm
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Archana Raja
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Mark Viggars
- Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610
| | - Hanna Pincas
- Department of Neurology, Center for Advanced Research on Diagnostic Assays, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Nicole R Gay
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Yifei Sun
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Yongchao Ge
- Department of Neurology, Center for Advanced Research on Diagnostic Assays, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Venugopalan D Nair
- Department of Neurology, Center for Advanced Research on Diagnostic Assays, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - James A Sanford
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Mary Anne S Amper
- Department of Neurology, Center for Advanced Research on Diagnostic Assays, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Mital Vasoya
- Department of Neurology, Center for Advanced Research on Diagnostic Assays, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Kevin S Smith
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Stephen Montgomery
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Elena Zaslavsky
- Department of Neurology, Center for Advanced Research on Diagnostic Assays, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Sue C Bodine
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Karyn A Esser
- Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610
| | - Martin J Walsh
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
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19
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Razan MR, Amissi S, Islam RA, Graham JL, Stanhope KL, Havel PJ, Rahimian R. Moderate-Intensity Exercise Improves Mesenteric Arterial Function in Male UC Davis Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (UCD-T2DM) Rats: A Shift in the Relative Importance of Endothelium-Derived Relaxing Factors (EDRF). Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041129. [PMID: 37189747 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The beneficial cardiovascular effects of exercise are well documented, however the mechanisms by which exercise improves vascular function in diabetes are not fully understood. This study investigates whether there are (1) improvements in blood pressure and endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation (EDV) and (2) alterations in the relative contribution of endothelium-derived relaxing factors (EDRF) in modulating mesenteric arterial reactivity in male UC Davis type-2 diabetes mellitus (UCD-T2DM) rats, following an 8-week moderate-intensity exercise (MIE) intervention. EDV to acetylcholine (ACh) was measured before and after exposure to pharmacological inhibitors. Contractile responses to phenylephrine and myogenic tone were determined. The arterial expressions of endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX), and calcium-activated potassium channel (KCa) channels were also measured. T2DM significantly impaired EDV, increased contractile responses and myogenic tone. The impairment of EDV was accompanied by elevated NO and COX importance, whereas the contribution of prostanoid- and NO-independent (endothelium-derived hyperpolarization, EDH) relaxation was not apparent compared to controls. MIE 1) enhanced EDV, while it reduced contractile responses, myogenic tone and systolic blood pressure (SBP), and 2) caused a shift away from a reliance on COX toward a greater reliance on EDH in diabetic arteries. We provide the first evidence of the beneficial effects of MIE via the altered importance of EDRF in mesenteric arterial relaxation in male UCD-T2DM rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Rahatullah Razan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA
| | - Said Amissi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA
| | - Rifat Ara Islam
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA
| | - James L Graham
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Kimber L Stanhope
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Peter J Havel
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Roshanak Rahimian
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA
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20
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Many GM, Sanford JA, Sagendorf TJ, Hou Z, Nigro P, Whytock K, Amar D, Caputo T, Gay NR, Gaul DA, Hirshman M, Jimenez-Morales D, Lindholm ME, Muehlbauer MJ, Vamvini M, Bergman B, Fern Ndez FM, Goodyear LJ, Ortlund EA, Sparks LM, Xia A, Adkins JN, Bodine SC, Newgard CB, Schenk S. Sexual dimorphism and the multi-omic response to exercise training in rat subcutaneous white adipose tissue. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.03.527012. [PMID: 36778330 PMCID: PMC9915732 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.03.527012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Subcutaneous white adipose tissue (scWAT) is a dynamic storage and secretory organ that regulates systemic homeostasis, yet the impact of endurance exercise training and sex on its molecular landscape has not been fully established. Utilizing an integrative multi-omics approach with data generated by the Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium (MoTrPAC), we identified profound sexual dimorphism in the dynamic response of rat scWAT to endurance exercise training. Despite similar cardiorespiratory improvements, only male rats reduced whole-body adiposity, scWAT adipocyte size, and total scWAT triglyceride abundance with training. Multi-omic analyses of adipose tissue integrated with phenotypic measures identified sex-specific training responses including enrichment of mTOR signaling in females, while males displayed enhanced mitochondrial ribosome biogenesis and oxidative metabolism. Overall, this study reinforces our understanding that sex impacts scWAT biology and provides a rich resource to interrogate responses of scWAT to endurance training.
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21
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Daneshyar S, Tavoosidana G, Bahmani M, Basir SS, Delfan M, Laher I, Saeidi A, Granacher U, Zouhal H. Combined effects of high fat diet and exercise on autophagy in white adipose tissue of mice. Life Sci 2023; 314:121335. [PMID: 36587790 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM The effects of nutrition and exercise on autophagy are not well studied. This study aimed to investigate the combined effects of high-fat diets (HFD) and exercise training (ET) on autophagy in white adipose tissue of mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice were assigned into four groups of 7 mice per group: (1) Control, (2) high-fat diet-induced obesity (HFD-Ob), (3) exercise training (ET), and (4) high-fat diet with exercise training (HFD-ET). The HFD-Ob group was fed a high-fat diet for 14 weeks, while the ET group continuously ran on a treadmill for five sessions per week for seven weeks, and the HFD-ET group had both HFD and exercise training. qReal-time-PCR and western blot were used to measure the mRNA and protein levels of autophagy markers in white adipose tissue. RESULTS Mice from the HFD group showed higher levels in autophagy-related gene5 (ATG5, p = 0.04), ATG7 (p = 0.002), cathepsin B (CTSB, p = 0.0004), LC3-II (p = 0.03) than control. Mice in the ET group displayed higher levels of genes for ATG7 (p = 0.0003), microtubule-associated protein1-light chain 3 (LC3, p = 0.05), lysosome-associated membrane protein 2 (LAMP2, p = 0.04) and cathepsin L (CTSL, p = 0.03) than control. Mice from the HFD-ET group had higher levels of genes for ATG7 (p = 0.05) and CTSL (p = 0.043) and lower levels of genes for CTSB (p = 0.045) compared to the HFD group and lower levels of LAMP2 (p = 0.02) compared to the ET group. CONCLUSION There were increases in autophagosome formation in the white adipose tissue from mice in the HFD and ET groups. A combination of HFD and ET enhances autophagosome formation and modulates lysosomal degradation in white adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Daneshyar
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Humanities, Ayatollah Alozma Boroujerdi University, Lorestan, Iran; Department of Physical Education, Hamedan University of Technology, Hamedan, Iran.
| | - Gholamreza Tavoosidana
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Bahmani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Saeed Shokati Basir
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Guilan, Guilan, Iran
| | - Maryam Delfan
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ismail Laher
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ayoub Saeidi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran
| | - Urs Granacher
- Department of Sport and Sport Science, Exercise and Human Movement Science, University of Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Hassane Zouhal
- Univ Rennes, M2S (Laboratoire Mouvement, Sport, Santé) - EA 1274, F-35000 Rennes, France; Institut International des Sciences du Sport (2I2S), 35850 Irodouer, France.
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22
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Jiang J, Ni L, Zhang X, Gokulnath P, Vulugundam G, Li G, Wang H, Xiao J. Moderate-Intensity Exercise Maintains Redox Homeostasis for Cardiovascular Health. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2200204. [PMID: 36683183 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that exercise is beneficial for cardiovascular health. Oxidative stress is the common pathological basis of many cardiovascular diseases. The overproduction of free radicals, both reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species, can lead to redox imbalance and exacerbate oxidative damage to the cardiovascular system. Maintaining redox homeostasis and enhancing anti-oxidative capacity are critical mechanisms by which exercise protects against cardiovascular diseases. Moderate-intensity exercise is an effective means to maintain cardiovascular redox homeostasis. Moderate-intensity exercise reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease by improving mitochondrial function and anti-oxidative capacity. It also attenuates adverse cardiac remodeling and enhances cardiac function. This paper reviews the primary mechanisms of moderate-intensity exercise-mediated redox homeostasis in the cardiovascular system. Exploring the role of exercise-mediated redox homeostasis in the cardiovascular system is of great significance to the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jizong Jiang
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, 226011, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Lingyan Ni
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, 226011, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, 226011, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Priyanka Gokulnath
- Cardiovascular Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | | | - Guoping Li
- Cardiovascular Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Hongyun Wang
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, 226011, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Junjie Xiao
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, 226011, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
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23
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Amar D, Gay NR, Jimenez-Morales D, Beltran PMJ, Ramaker ME, Raja AN, Zhao B, Sun Y, Marwaha S, Gaul D, Hershman SG, Xia A, Lanza I, Fernandez FM, Montgomery SB, Hevener AL, Ashley EA, Walsh MJ, Sparks LM, Burant CF, Rector RS, Thyfault J, Wheeler MT, Goodpaster BH, Coen PM, Schenk S, Bodine SC, Lindholm ME. The mitochondrial multi-omic response to exercise training across tissues. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.13.523698. [PMID: 36711881 PMCID: PMC9882193 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.13.523698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are adaptable organelles with diverse cellular functions critical to whole-body metabolic homeostasis. While chronic endurance exercise training is known to alter mitochondrial activity, these adaptations have not yet been systematically characterized. Here, the Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium (MoTrPAC) mapped the longitudinal, multi-omic changes in mitochondrial analytes across 19 tissues in male and female rats endurance trained for 1, 2, 4 or 8 weeks. Training elicited substantial changes in the adrenal gland, brown adipose, colon, heart and skeletal muscle, while we detected mild responses in the brain, lung, small intestine and testes. The colon response was characterized by non-linear dynamics that resulted in upregulation of mitochondrial function that was more prominent in females. Brown adipose and adrenal tissues were characterized by substantial downregulation of mitochondrial pathways. Training induced a previously unrecognized robust upregulation of mitochondrial protein abundance and acetylation in the liver, and a concomitant shift in lipid metabolism. The striated muscles demonstrated a highly coordinated response to increase oxidative capacity, with the majority of changes occurring in protein abundance and post-translational modifications. We identified exercise upregulated networks that are downregulated in human type 2 diabetes and liver cirrhosis. In both cases HSD17B10, a central dehydrogenase in multiple metabolic pathways and mitochondrial tRNA maturation, was the main hub. In summary, we provide a multi-omic, cross-tissue atlas of the mitochondrial response to training and identify candidates for prevention of disease-associated mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yifei Sun
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY
| | | | | | | | - Ashley Xia
- National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Martin J Walsh
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY
| | - Lauren M Sparks
- AdventHealth Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Orlando, FL
| | | | | | - John Thyfault
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | | | - Bret H. Goodpaster
- AdventHealth Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Orlando, FL
| | - Paul M. Coen
- AdventHealth Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Orlando, FL
| | - Simon Schenk
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
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24
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Daneshyar S, Ghasemnian A, Mirakhori Z, Daneshyar S. The effect of high fat diet and endurance training on newly discovery of nonshivering-thermogenic factors under thermoneutrality in mice. Sci Sports 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2022.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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25
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Mechanism of hydrogen protection on high intensity sports injury in rats through antioxidation and its improvement of intestinal flora function. Sci Sports 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2021.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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26
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Rubies C, Batlle M, Sanz-de la Garza M, Dantas AP, Jorba I, Fernandez G, Sangüesa G, Abuli M, Brugada J, Sitges M, Navajas D, Mont L, Guasch E. Long-Term Strenuous Exercise Promotes Vascular Injury by Selectively Damaging the Tunica Media. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2022; 7:681-693. [PMID: 35958697 PMCID: PMC9357576 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2022.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Long-term strenuous endurance training promotes a deleterious vascular remodeling, in contrast to the beneficial effects of moderate exercise. Tunica media fibrosis, possibly mediated by miR-212, miR-132, and miR-146b down-regulation, and intrinsic vascular smooth muscle cell stiffening may contribute to aortic stiffening. Endothelial function improves in a similar intensity after moderate and strenuous training. However, in the INT group, a larger NO-mediated vasorelaxation is compensated by more intense vasoconstriction, leading to a potentially unstable balance. Strenuous exercise-induced vascular stiffening and changes in endothelial function remain after ceasing physical activity.
Moderate exercise has well-founded benefits in cardiovascular health. However, increasing, yet controversial, evidence suggests that extremely trained athletes may not be protected from cardiovascular events as much as moderately trained individuals. In our rodent model, intensive but not moderate training promoted aorta and carotid stiffening and elastic lamina ruptures, tunica media thickening of intramyocardial arteries, and an imbalance between vasoconstrictor and relaxation agents. An up-regulation of angiotensin-converter enzyme, miR-212, miR-132, and miR-146b might account for this deleterious remodeling. Most changes remained after a 4-week detraining. In conclusion, our results suggest that intensive training blunts the benefits of moderate exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cira Rubies
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Montserrat Batlle
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Sanz-de la Garza
- Institut Clínic Cardiovascular, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ana-Paula Dantas
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ignasi Jorba
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red–Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Guerau Fernandez
- Bioinformatics Unit, Genetics and Molecular Medicine Service, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues Del Llobregat, Spain
| | - Gemma Sangüesa
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marc Abuli
- Institut Clínic Cardiovascular, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josep Brugada
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
- Institut Clínic Cardiovascular, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marta Sitges
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
- Institut Clínic Cardiovascular, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Daniel Navajas
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red–Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lluís Mont
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
- Institut Clínic Cardiovascular, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Dr Lluís Mont, Cardiovascular Institute–Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, C/ Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Eduard Guasch
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
- Institut Clínic Cardiovascular, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Address for correspondence: Dr Eduard Guasch, Cardiovascular Institute–Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, C/ Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain. @EduGuasch
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Hastings MH, Herrera JJ, Guseh JS, Atlason B, Houstis NE, Abdul Kadir A, Li H, Sheffield C, Singh AP, Roh JD, Day SM, Rosenzweig A. Animal Models of Exercise From Rodents to Pythons. Circ Res 2022; 130:1994-2014. [PMID: 35679366 PMCID: PMC9202075 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.320247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Acute and chronic animal models of exercise are commonly used in research. Acute exercise testing is used, often in combination with genetic, pharmacological, or other manipulations, to study the impact of these manipulations on the cardiovascular response to exercise and to detect impairments or improvements in cardiovascular function that may not be evident at rest. Chronic exercise conditioning models are used to study the cardiac phenotypic response to regular exercise training and as a platform for discovery of novel pathways mediating cardiovascular benefits conferred by exercise conditioning that could be exploited therapeutically. The cardiovascular benefits of exercise are well established, and, frequently, molecular manipulations that mimic the pathway changes induced by exercise recapitulate at least some of its benefits. This review discusses approaches for assessing cardiovascular function during an acute exercise challenge in rodents, as well as practical and conceptual considerations in the use of common rodent exercise conditioning models. The case for studying feeding in the Burmese python as a model for exercise-like physiological adaptation is also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret H Hastings
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.H.H., J.S.G., B.A., N.E.H., A.A.K., H.L., C.S., A.P.S., J.D.R., A.R.)
| | - Jonathan J Herrera
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (J.J.H.)
| | - J Sawalla Guseh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.H.H., J.S.G., B.A., N.E.H., A.A.K., H.L., C.S., A.P.S., J.D.R., A.R.)
| | - Bjarni Atlason
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.H.H., J.S.G., B.A., N.E.H., A.A.K., H.L., C.S., A.P.S., J.D.R., A.R.)
| | - Nicholas E Houstis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.H.H., J.S.G., B.A., N.E.H., A.A.K., H.L., C.S., A.P.S., J.D.R., A.R.)
| | - Azrul Abdul Kadir
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.H.H., J.S.G., B.A., N.E.H., A.A.K., H.L., C.S., A.P.S., J.D.R., A.R.)
| | - Haobo Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.H.H., J.S.G., B.A., N.E.H., A.A.K., H.L., C.S., A.P.S., J.D.R., A.R.)
| | - Cedric Sheffield
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.H.H., J.S.G., B.A., N.E.H., A.A.K., H.L., C.S., A.P.S., J.D.R., A.R.)
| | - Anand P Singh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.H.H., J.S.G., B.A., N.E.H., A.A.K., H.L., C.S., A.P.S., J.D.R., A.R.)
| | - Jason D Roh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.H.H., J.S.G., B.A., N.E.H., A.A.K., H.L., C.S., A.P.S., J.D.R., A.R.)
| | - Sharlene M Day
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine' University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (S.M.D.)
| | - Anthony Rosenzweig
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.H.H., J.S.G., B.A., N.E.H., A.A.K., H.L., C.S., A.P.S., J.D.R., A.R.)
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Endurance exercise training under normal diet conditions activates skeletal muscle protein synthesis and inhibits protein degradation signaling except MuRF1. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-021-00888-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Salvatore MF, Soto I, Kasanga EA, James R, Shifflet MK, Doshier K, Little JT, John J, Alphonso HM, Cunningham JT, Nejtek VA. Establishing Equivalent Aerobic Exercise Parameters Between Early-Stage Parkinson's Disease and Pink1 Knockout Rats. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2022; 12:1897-1915. [PMID: 35754287 PMCID: PMC9535586 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-223157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rodent Parkinson's disease (PD) models are valuable to interrogate neurobiological mechanisms of exercise that mitigate motor impairment. Translating these mechanisms to human PD must account for physical capabilities of the patient. OBJECTIVE To establish cardiovascular parameters as a common metric for cross-species translation of aerobic exercise impact. METHOD We evaluated aerobic exercise impact on heart rate (HR) in 21 early-stage PD subjects (Hoehn Yahr ≤1.5) exercising in non-contact boxing training for ≥3 months, ≥3x/week. In 4-month-old Pink1 knockout (KO) rats exercising in a progressively-increased treadmill speed regimen, we determined a specific treadmill speed that increased HR to an extent similar in human subjects. RESULTS After completing aerobic exercise for ∼30 min, PD subjects had increased HR∼35% above baseline (∼63% maximum HR). Motor and cognitive test results indicated the exercising subjects completed the timed up and go (TUG) and trail-making test (TMT-A) in significantly less time versus exercise-naïve PD subjects. In KO and age-matched wild-type (WT) rats, treadmill speeds of 8-10 m/min increased HR up to 25% above baseline (∼67% maximum HR), with no further increases up to 16 m/min. Exercised KO, but not WT, rats showed increased locomotor activity compared to an age-matched exercise-naïve cohort at 5 months old. CONCLUSION These proof-of-concept results indicate HR is a cross-species translation parameter to evaluate aerobic exercise impact on specific motor or cognitive functions in human subjects and rat PD models. Moreover, a moderate intensity exercise regimen is within the physical abilities of early-stage PD patients and is therefore applicable for interrogating neurobiological mechanisms in rat PD models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F Salvatore
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Isabel Soto
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Ella A Kasanga
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Rachael James
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Marla K Shifflet
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Kirby Doshier
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Joel T Little
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Joshia John
- Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | | | - J Thomas Cunningham
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Vicki A Nejtek
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
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Lafoz E, Campreciós G, García-Calderó H, Anton A, Vilaseca M, Ruart M, Guasch E, Garrabou G, Delgado TC, Martínez-Chantar ML, García-Martínez R, Gracia-Sancho J, Hernández-Gea V, García-Pagán JC. Impact of lifestyle interventions targeting physical exercise and caloric intake on cirrhosis regression in rats. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2021; 321:G603-G616. [PMID: 34585619 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00191.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In patients, advanced cirrhosis only regresses partially once the etiological agent is withdrawn. Animal models for advanced cirrhosis regression are missing. Lifestyle interventions (LIs) have been shown to improve steatosis, inflammation, fibrosis, and portal pressure (PP) in liver disease. We aimed at characterizing cirrhosis regression after etiological agent removal in experimental models of advanced cirrhosis and to study the impact of different LI on it. Advanced cirrhosis was induced in rats either by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) or by thioacetamide (TAA) administration. Systemic and hepatic hemodynamics, liver fibrosis, hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation, hepatic macrophage infiltration, and metabolic profile were evaluated after 48 h, 4 wk or 8 wk of etiological agent removal. The impact of LI consisting in caloric restriction (CR) or moderate endurance exercise (MEE) during the 8-wk regression process was analyzed. The effect of MEE was also evaluated in early cirrhotic and in healthy rats. A significant reduction in portal pressure (PP), liver fibrosis, and HSC activation was observed during regression. However, these parameters remained above those in healthy animals. During regression, animals markedly worsened their metabolic profile. CR although preventing those metabolic disturbances did not further reduce PP, hepatic fibrosis, or HSC activation. MEE also prevented metabolic disturbances, without enhancing, but even attenuating the reduction of PP, hepatic fibrosis, and HSC activation achieved by regression. MEE also worsened hepatic fibrosis in early-TAA cirrhosis and in healthy rats.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We have developed two advanced cirrhosis regression experimental models with persistent relevant fibrosis and portal hypertension and an associated deteriorated metabolism that mimic what happens in patients. LI, despite improving metabolism, did not enhance the regression process in our cirrhotic models. CR did not further reduce PP, hepatic fibrosis, or HSC activation. MEE exhibited a profibrogenic effect in the liver blunting cirrhosis regression. One of the potential explanations of this worsening could be ammonia accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Lafoz
- Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Genís Campreciós
- Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Héctor García-Calderó
- Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aina Anton
- Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marina Vilaseca
- Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Ruart
- Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Guasch
- Institut Clínic Cardiovascular, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Glòria Garrabou
- Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function Laboratory, CELLEX-IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER-Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Rare Diseases, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa C Delgado
- Liver Disease Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
| | - María-Luz Martínez-Chantar
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Liver Disease Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
| | - Rita García-Martínez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Gracia-Sancho
- Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Virginia Hernández-Gea
- Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos García-Pagán
- Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Bei Y, Wang L, Ding R, Che L, Fan Z, Gao W, Liang Q, Lin S, Liu S, Lu X, Shen Y, Wu G, Yang J, Zhang G, Zhao W, Guo L, Xiao J. Animal exercise studies in cardiovascular research: Current knowledge and optimal design-A position paper of the Committee on Cardiac Rehabilitation, Chinese Medical Doctors' Association. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2021; 10:660-674. [PMID: 34454088 PMCID: PMC8724626 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2021.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence has demonstrated exercise as an effective way to promote cardiovascular health and protect against cardiovascular diseases However, the underlying mechanisms of the beneficial effects of exercise have yet to be elucidated. Animal exercise studies are widely used to investigate the key mechanisms of exercise-induced cardiovascular protection. However, standardized procedures and well-established evaluation indicators for animal exercise models are needed to guide researchers in carrying out effective, high-quality animal studies using exercise to prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases. In our review, we present the commonly used animal exercise models in cardiovascular research and propose a set of standard procedures for exercise training, emphasizing the appropriate measurements and analysis in these chronic exercise models. We also provide recommendations for optimal design of animal exercise studies in cardiovascular research, including the choice of exercise models, control of exercise protocols, exercise at different stages of disease, and other considerations, such as age, sex, and genetic background. We hope that this position paper will promote basic research on exercise-induced cardiovascular protection and pave the way for successful translation of exercise studies from bench to bedside in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihua Bei
- Institute of Geriatrics, Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University, Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China; Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Rongjing Ding
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Lin Che
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Zhiqing Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing 163000, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qi Liang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Shenghui Lin
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou 362021, China
| | - Suixin Liu
- Division of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Xiao Lu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yuqin Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Guifu Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518033, China; Guangdong Innovative Engineering and Technology Research Center for Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518033, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Guolin Zhang
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Department, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lan Guo
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Department, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Junjie Xiao
- Institute of Geriatrics, Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University, Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China; Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
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Witayavanitkul N, Werawatganon D, Chayanupatkul M, Klaikeaw N, Siriviriyakul P. Genistein and exercise treatment reduced NASH related HDAC3, IL-13 and MMP-12 expressions in ovariectomized rats fed with high fat high fructose diet. J Tradit Complement Med 2021; 11:503-512. [PMID: 34765514 PMCID: PMC8572705 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Genistein (GEN) and exercise (Ex) may be regarded as an alternative treatment for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, the mechanisms behind their therapeutic effects in NASH are not well-understood. Experimental procedure This study investigated the roles of histone deacetylase (HDAC)3 and interleukin-(IL-)13 in the NASH model of ovariectomized (OVX) rats fed with high fat high fructose (HFHF) diet. Results and conclusion Nine weeks after being fed with HFHF diet, severe NASH pathology with mild fibrosis were seen along with an increase in HDAC3, IL-13 and matrix metalloelastase (MMP-12) expressions in OVX rats. Five weeks of either GEN or Ex treatments abrogated the increase in both HDAC3 and IL-13 expressions in OVX rats fed with HFHF diet and ameliorated NASH features, liver fibrosis and MMP-12 expression. The combination of Gen and Ex, however, did not provide additional benefits on NASH features in OVX rats fed with HFHF diet. These results suggested that GEN and Ex treatments improved HFHF diet induced NASH in OVX rats through the suppression of HDAC3, IL-13 and MMP-12 expression. •Estrogen deficiency leads to NASH development. •Either genistein or exercise modulated lipid metabolism reducing steatohepatitis. •Either genistein or exercise attenuated liver fibrosis improving NASH. •Combining genistein and exercise did not provide additional benefits. •Genistein and exercise have beneficial effects in post-menopausal women with NASH.
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Key Words
- DAB, Diaminobenzidine
- DMSO, Dimethyl sulfoxide
- ELISA, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- Estrogen deficiency
- Exercise
- FFA, Free fatty acid
- Genistein
- HDAC3, histone deacetylase 3
- HFHF, High-fat high-fructose
- IL-13, Interleukin-13
- MMP-12, matrix metalloelastase 12
- NAFLD, Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
- NASH, Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
- Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
- OVX, ovariectomized
- Ovariectomized
- TBA, Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances
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Affiliation(s)
- Namthip Witayavanitkul
- Alternative and Complementary Medicine for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Duangporn Werawatganon
- Alternative and Complementary Medicine for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Maneerat Chayanupatkul
- Alternative and Complementary Medicine for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Naruemon Klaikeaw
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Prasong Siriviriyakul
- Alternative and Complementary Medicine for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Exercise Ameliorates Diabetic Kidney Disease in Type 2 Diabetic Fatty Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111754. [PMID: 34829625 PMCID: PMC8614720 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lifestyle improvement, including through exercise, has been recognized as an important mode of therapy for the suppression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). However, the detailed molecular mechanisms by which exercise exerts beneficial effects in the suppression of DKD have not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigate the effects of treadmill exercise training (TET) for 8 weeks (13 m/min, 30 min/day, 5 days/week) on kidney injuries of type 2 diabetic male rats with obesity (Wistar fatty (fa/fa) rats: WFRs) at 36 weeks of age. TET significantly suppressed the levels of albuminuria and urinary liver-type fatty-acid-binding protein (L-FABP), tubulointerstitial fibrosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress in the kidneys of WFRs. In addition, TET mitigated excessive apoptosis and restored autophagy in the renal cortex, as well as suppressed the development of morphological abnormalities in the mitochondria of proximal tubular cells, which were also accompanied by the restoration of AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) activity and suppression of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). In conclusion, TET ameliorates diabetes-induced kidney injury in type 2 diabetic fatty rats.
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Yang Y, Banerjee A, Sun Y, Carter CS, Buford TW. Interactive Effects of Enalapril Administration and Novel HIIT Wheel-Bed Training in Aged Rats. FRONTIERS IN REHABILITATION SCIENCES 2021; 2:764686. [PMID: 34901931 PMCID: PMC8662566 DOI: 10.3389/fresc.2021.764686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Growing research suggests that aerobic high-intensity interval training (HIIT) improves cardiovascular function and physical performance compared with moderate intensity continuous training (MICT). However relatively few animal models of HIIT are available to inform about the benefits of this exercise-particularly among older animals. In addition, there is little evidence for how HIIT training interacts with adjuvant pharmacological therapies known to enhance the impact of MCIT in older individuals such as Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors. PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to establish a HIIT protocol in aged rats based on forced running wheel-bed, and to subsequently (1) establish the feasibility of the HIIT protocol in a proof-of-concept study evaluating interactions between HIIT and (2) the result of combining HIIT + ACE inhibitor treatment using the ACE inhibitor enalapril. METHODS Two groups of rats were used in this study. The feasibility of using wheel-bed for HIIT training was tested in group one (15- and 30-month-old male rats). In the second group, 37 24-month-old Fisher 344 × Brown Norway male rats were randomly divided into four subgroups: control, enalapril, HIIT training group, and HIIT training combined with enalapril administration. The training and administration lasted for 4 weeks. After the intervention, locomotor activity, exercise tolerance, and grip strength were tested. RESULTS Our feasibility study suggested that middle-aged and aged rats were able to successfully complete the HIIT training. In our intervention study, HIIT training alone, regardless of adjuvant enalapril intervention, did raise treadmill exercise tolerance vs. the sedentary condition. Measures of healthspan were not negatively impacted by HIIT training. CONCLUSION The novel HIIT protocol based on forced running wheel-bed was successfully employed in aged rats. We conclude that future studies should compare the results and of multi-modal intervention strategies which include both HIIT and MICT in combination with adjuvant therapies such as enalapril to improve exercise tolerance and other global indices of healthspan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youfeng Yang
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Integrative Center for Aging Research, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Anisha Banerjee
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Integrative Center for Aging Research, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Integrative Center for Aging Research, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Christy S. Carter
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Integrative Center for Aging Research, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Thomas W. Buford
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Integrative Center for Aging Research, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, United States
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Schwarzer M, Molis A, Schenkl C, Schrepper A, Britton SL, Koch LG, Doenst T. Genetically determined exercise capacity affects systemic glucose response to insulin in rats. Physiol Genomics 2021; 53:395-405. [PMID: 34297615 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00014.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Aerobic exercise capacity is inversely related to morbidity and mortality as well as to insulin resistance. However, exercising in patients has led to conflicting results, presumably because aerobic exercise capacity consists of intrinsic (genetically determined) and extrinsic (environmentally determined) parts. The contribution of both parts to insulin sensitivity is also not clear. We investigated sedentary and exercised (aerobic interval training) high (HCR) and low capacity runners (LCR) differing in their genetically determined aerobic exercise capacity to determine the contribution of both parts to insulin sensitivity. METHODS AND RESULTS LCR and HCR differed in their untrained exercise capacity and body weight. Sedentary LCR displayed a diabetic phenotype with higher random glucose, lower glucose infusion rate during hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamping than HCR. Echocardiography showed equal morphological and functional parameters and no change with exercise. Four weeks of exercise caused significant improvements in aerobic exercise capacity, which was more pronounced in LCR. However, with respect to glucose use, exercise affected HCR only. In these animals, exercise increased 2-deoxyglucose uptake in gastrocnemius (+58.5 %, p= 0.1) and in epididymal fat (+106 %; p<0.05). Citrate synthase activity also increased in these tissues (gastrocnemius 69 % epididymal fat 63 %). CONCLUSION In our model of HCR and LCR, genetic predisposition for low exercise capacity is associated with impaired insulin sensitivity and impedes exercise-induced improvements in insulin response. Our results suggest that genetic predisposition for low aerobic exercise capacity impairs insulin response, which may not be overcome by exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schwarzer
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Annika Molis
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Christina Schenkl
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Andrea Schrepper
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Steven L Britton
- Department of Anesthesiology, Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Lauren Gerard Koch
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, United States
| | - Torsten Doenst
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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Okamoto M, Mizuuchi D, Omura K, Lee M, Oharazawa A, Yook JS, Inoue K, Soya H. High-intensity Intermittent Training Enhances Spatial Memory and Hippocampal Neurogenesis Associated with BDNF Signaling in Rats. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:4386-4397. [PMID: 33982757 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
High-intensity intermittent (or interval) training (HIIT) has started to gain popularity as a time-effective approach to providing beneficial effects to the brain and to peripheral organs. However, it still remains uncertain whether HIIT enhances hippocampal functions in terms of neurogenesis and spatial memory due to unconsidered HIIT protocol for rodents. Here, we established the HIIT regimen for rats with reference to human study. Adult male Wistar rats were assigned randomly to Control, moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT; 20 m/min, 30 min/day, 5 times/week), and HIIT (60 m/min, 10 30-s bouts of exercise, interspaced with 2.5 min of recovery, 5 times/week) groups. The ratios of exercise time and volume between MICT and HIIT were set as 6:1 and 2:1-4:1, respectively. After 4 weeks of training, all-out time in the incremental exercise test was prolonged for exercise training. In skeletal muscle, the plantaris citrate synthase activity significantly increased only in the HIIT group. Simultaneously, both HIIT and MICT led to enhanced spatial memory and adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) as well as enhanced protein levels of hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling. Collectively, we suggest that HIIT could be a time-efficient exercise protocol that enhances hippocampal memory and neurogenesis in rats and is associated with hippocampal BDNF signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Okamoto
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan.,Sport Neuroscience Division, Department of Mind, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan
| | - Daisuke Mizuuchi
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan
| | - Koki Omura
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan
| | - Minchul Lee
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan.,Department of Sports Medicine, College of Health Science, CHA University, Pocheon, Gyeonggi 11160, Republic of Korea
| | - Akihiko Oharazawa
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan
| | - Jang Soo Yook
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan.,Center for Functional Connectomics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seongbuk, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Koshiro Inoue
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan.,Center for Education in Liberal Arts and Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan
| | - Hideaki Soya
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan.,Sport Neuroscience Division, Department of Mind, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan
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Costa LR, de Castro CA, Marine DA, Fabrizzi F, Furino VDO, Malavazi I, Anibal FDF, Duarte ACGDO. High-Intensity Interval Training Does Not Change Vaspin and Omentin and Does Not Reduce Visceral Adipose Tissue in Obese Rats. Front Physiol 2021; 12:564862. [PMID: 33716759 PMCID: PMC7952996 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.564862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the expression of omentin and vaspin, inflammatory markers, body composition, and lipid profile in diet-induced obese rats and high-intensity interval training (HIIT). Forty Wistar rats were divided into four groups: untrained normal diet, trained normal diet (T-ND), untrained high-fat diet (Unt-HFD), and trained high-fat diet (T-HFD). For the animals of the Unt-HFD and T-HFD groups, a high-fat diet was offered for 4 weeks. After that, all the animals in the T-ND and T-HFD groups were submitted to HITT, three times per week, for 10 weeks (2 weeks of adaptation and 8 weeks of HIIT). Muscle (gastrocnemius), liver, epididymal adipose tissue, retroperitoneal adipose tissue, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and serum were collected to analyze TNF-α, IL-6, PCR, IL-8, IL-10, IL-4, vaspin, and omentin. A body composition analysis was performed before adaptation to HIIT protocol and after the last exercise session using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Omentin and vaspin in the VAT were quantified using Western blotting. The results showed that, when fed a high-fat diet, the animals obtained significant gains in body fat and elevated serum concentrations of vaspin and blood triglycerides. The HIIT was able to minimize body fat gain but did not reduce visceral fat despite the increase in maximum exercise capacity. Moreover, there was a reduction in the serum levels of adiponectin, IL-6, and IL-10. Finally, we concluded that, although the training protocol was able to slow down the weight gain of the animals, there was no reduction in visceral fat or an improvement in the inflammatory profile, including no changes in omentin and vaspin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Ribeiro Costa
- Department of Physical Education and Human Motricity – DEFMH, Biological and Health Sciences Center – CCBS, Federal University of São Carlos – UFSCar, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Cynthia Aparecida de Castro
- Department of Morphology and Pathology – Biological and Health Sciences Center – CCBS, Federal University of São Carlos – UFSCar, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Diego Adorna Marine
- Department of Physical Education and Human Motricity – DEFMH, Biological and Health Sciences Center – CCBS, Federal University of São Carlos – UFSCar, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Fernando Fabrizzi
- Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Penápolis-Brazil, Penápolis, Brazil
| | - Vanessa de Oliveira Furino
- Department of Physical Education and Human Motricity – DEFMH, Biological and Health Sciences Center – CCBS, Federal University of São Carlos – UFSCar, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Iran Malavazi
- Department of Genetics and Evolution – Biological and Health Sciences Center – CCBS, Federal University of São Carlos – UFSCar, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Fernanda de Freitas Anibal
- Department of Morphology and Pathology – Biological and Health Sciences Center – CCBS, Federal University of São Carlos – UFSCar, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia Garcia de Oliveira Duarte
- Department of Physical Education and Human Motricity – DEFMH, Biological and Health Sciences Center – CCBS, Federal University of São Carlos – UFSCar, São Carlos, Brazil
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Lopez Trinidad LM, Martinez R, Kapravelou G, Galisteo M, Aranda P, Porres JM, Lopez-Jurado M. Caloric restriction, physical exercise, and CB1 receptor blockade as an efficient combined strategy for bodyweight control and cardiometabolic status improvement in male rats. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4286. [PMID: 33608628 PMCID: PMC7896079 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83709-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is critically associated with the development of insulin resistance and related cardiovascular and kidney diseases. Several strategies for weight loss have been developed but most of them exhibit a post-intervention rebound effect. Here, we aimed to design combined weight-loss strategies of caloric restriction, physical exercise, and administration of a CB1 receptor blocker to inhibit food intake that also accomplish the objectives of lost-weight maintenance and improvement of cardiovascular and renal function. Diet-induced obesity (DIO) was generated in Sprague Dawley rats for 12 weeks to test the effects of single or combined strategies (i.e. caloric restriction, mixed training protocol, and/or administration of appetite suppressant) on caloric intake, body weight, cardiovascular and renal functionality resulting from a weight-loss intervention period of 3 weeks followed by 6 weeks of weight maintenance. Consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) caused a significant increase in body weight (5th week of the experimental period) and led to the development of insulin resistance, cardiovascular, and renal alterations. The different interventions tested, resulted in a significant body weight loss and improved glucose metabolism, aerobic capacity, electrocardiographic parameters, vascular expression of adhesion molecules and inflammatory mediators, and renal functionality, reaching values similar to the control normocaloric group or even improving them. Successful maintenance of lost weight was achieved along a 6-week maintenance period in addition to adequate health status. In conclusion, the weight-loss and maintenance intervention strategies tested were efficient at reversing the obesity-related alterations in body weight, glucose metabolism, aerobic capacity, cardiovascular and renal functionality. The beneficial action was very consistent for caloric restriction and physical exercise, whereas administration of a CB1 receptor blocker complemented the effects of the prior interventions in some parameters like body weight or aerobic capacity, and showed specific actions in renal status, increasing glomerular filtration rate and diuresis. Overall, the novelty of our study relies on the easy implementation of combined strategies for effective weight management that resulted in significant health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa M. Lopez Trinidad
- grid.4489.10000000121678994Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INyTA), Centre for Biomedical Research, Centre for Research in Sport and Health (IMUDS), Universidad de Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento S/N. Armilla (18100), Granada, Spain
| | - Rosario Martinez
- grid.4489.10000000121678994Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INyTA), Centre for Biomedical Research, Centre for Research in Sport and Health (IMUDS), Universidad de Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento S/N. Armilla (18100), Granada, Spain
| | - Garyfallia Kapravelou
- grid.4489.10000000121678994Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INyTA), Centre for Biomedical Research, Centre for Research in Sport and Health (IMUDS), Universidad de Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento S/N. Armilla (18100), Granada, Spain
| | - Milagros Galisteo
- grid.4489.10000000121678994Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Biohealth Research Institute, Centre for Biomedical Research, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Pilar Aranda
- grid.4489.10000000121678994Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INyTA), Centre for Biomedical Research, Centre for Research in Sport and Health (IMUDS), Universidad de Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento S/N. Armilla (18100), Granada, Spain
| | - Jesus M. Porres
- grid.4489.10000000121678994Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INyTA), Centre for Biomedical Research, Centre for Research in Sport and Health (IMUDS), Universidad de Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento S/N. Armilla (18100), Granada, Spain
| | - Maria Lopez-Jurado
- grid.4489.10000000121678994Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INyTA), Centre for Biomedical Research, Centre for Research in Sport and Health (IMUDS), Universidad de Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento S/N. Armilla (18100), Granada, Spain
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Xiong Y, Chen Y, Liu Y, Zhang B. Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training Improves FGF21 and KLB Expression in Obese Mice. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2021; 85:938-946. [PMID: 33045954 DOI: 10.1134/s000629792008009x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and β-Klotho (KLB) play an important role in preventing and treating overweight and obesity. However, it is unclear what conditions promote FGF21 and KLB expression in different tissues. Therefore, we studied expression of FGF21 and KLB with respect to two exercise regimes: moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) (two popular strategies in weight loss). Mice were randomly divided into three groups (n = 8 per group): MICT, HIIT, and sedentary lifestyle (SED). All mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks to induce obesity. The exercise was performed on a motorized treadmill for another eight weeks and the diet continued in each group. We found that both MICT and HIIT had positive effects on the loss of HFD-induced body weight increase and serum FGF21 levels. HIIT promoted decrease of the body weight and serum triglyceride (TG) levels, while MICT was more effective at enhancing FGF21 and KLB expression in the liver, brown adipose tissue (BAT), and muscle at the mRNA and protein levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzhe Xiong
- Research Center of Physical Education and Health Science, Division of Sports Science and Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Research Center of Physical Education and Health Science, Division of Sports Science and Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yao Liu
- Research Center of Physical Education and Health Science, Division of Sports Science and Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Research Center of Physical Education and Health Science, Division of Sports Science and Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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40
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Osawa S, Kato H, Maeda Y, Takakura H, Ogasawara J, Izawa T. Metabolomic Profiles in Adipocytes Differentiated from Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Following Exercise Training or High-Fat Diet. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020966. [PMID: 33478060 PMCID: PMC7835847 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Controlling the differentiation potential of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) is attracting attention as a new strategy for the prevention and treatment of obesity. Here, we aimed to observe the effect of exercise training (TR) and high-fat diet (HFD) on the metabolic profiles of ADSCs-derived adipocytes. The rats were divided into four groups: normal diet (ND)-fed control (ND-SED), ND-fed TR (ND-TR), HFD-fed control (HFD-SED), and HFD-fed TR (HFD-TR). After 9 weeks of intervention, ADSCs of epididymal and inguinal adipose tissues were differentiated into adipocytes. In the metabolome analysis of adipocytes after isoproterenol stimulation, 116 metabolites were detected. The principal component analysis demonstrated that ADSCs-derived adipocytes segregated into four clusters in each fat pad. Amino acid accumulation was greater in epididymal ADSCs-derived adipocytes of ND-TR and HFD-TR, but lower in inguinal ADSCs-derived adipocytes of ND-TR, than in the respective controls. HFD accumulated several metabolites including amino acids in inguinal ADSCs-derived adipocytes and more other metabolites in epididymal ones. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis revealed that TR mainly affected the pathways related to amino acid metabolism, except in inguinal ADSCs-derived adipocytes of HFD-TR rats. These findings provide a new way to understand the mechanisms underlying possible changes in the differentiation of ADSCs due to TR or HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seita Osawa
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, 1-3 Tatara-Miyakodani, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan
| | - Hisashi Kato
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, 1-3 Tatara-Miyakodani, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan
- Organisation for Research Initiatives and Development, Doshisha University, 1-3 Tatara-Miyakodani, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan
| | - Yuki Maeda
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, 1-3 Tatara-Miyakodani, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan
| | - Hisashi Takakura
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, 1-3 Tatara-Miyakodani, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan
| | - Junetsu Ogasawara
- Division of Health Science, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1-1-1 Midorigaoka-Higashi, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Izawa
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, 1-3 Tatara-Miyakodani, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan
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Kasanga EA, Little J, McInnis TR, Bugnariu N, Cunningham JT, Salvatore MF. Cardiovascular Metrics Associated With Prevention of Aging-Related Parkinsonian Signs Following Exercise Intervention in Sedentary Older Rats. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:775355. [PMID: 34975456 PMCID: PMC8714671 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.775355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Preservation of motor capabilities is vital to maintaining independent daily living throughout a person's lifespan and may mitigate aging-related parkinsonism, a progressive and prevalent motor impairment. Physically active lifestyles can mitigate aging-related motor impairment. However, the metrics of physical activity necessary for mitigating parkinsonian signs are not established. Consistent moderate intensity (~10 m/min) treadmill exercise can reverse aging-related parkinsonian signs by 20 weeks in a 2-week on, 2-week off, regimen in previously sedentary advanced middle-aged rats. In this study, we initiated treadmill exercise in sedentary 18-month-old male rats to address two questions: (1) if a rest period not longer than 1-week off exercise, with 15 exercise sessions per month, could attenuate parkinsonian signs within 2 months after exercise initiation, and the associated impact on heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) and (2) if continuation of this regimen, up to 20 weeks, will be associated with continual prevention of parkinsonian signs. The intensity and frequency of treadmill exercise attenuated aging-related parkinsonian signs by 8 weeks and were maintained till 23 months old. The exercise regimen increased HR by 25% above baseline and gradually reduced pre-intervention MAP. Together, these studies indicate that a practicable frequency and intensity of exercise reduces parkinsonian sign severity commensurate with a modest increase in HR after exercise. These cardiovascular changes provide a baseline of metrics, easily measured in humans, for predictive validity that practicable exercise intensity and schedule can be initiated in previously sedentary older adults to delay the onset of aging-related parkinsonian signs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella A Kasanga
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Joel Little
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Tamara R McInnis
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Nicoleta Bugnariu
- School of Health Sciences, University of the Pacific, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - J Thomas Cunningham
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Michael F Salvatore
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
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Carvalho MR, Mendonça MLM, Oliveira JML, Romanenghi RB, Morais CS, Ota GE, Lima ARR, Oliveira RJ, Filiú WFO, Okoshi K, Okoshi MP, Oliveira-Junior SA, Martinez PF. Influence of high-intensity interval training and intermittent fasting on myocardium apoptosis pathway and cardiac morphology of healthy rats. Life Sci 2021; 264:118697. [PMID: 33130084 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the influence of intermittent fasting and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on myocardial apoptosis signaling and cardiac morphological characteristics in healthy rats. METHODS Male Wistar rats (n = 60) were divided into four groups: sedentary control (SED-C), intermittent fasting (SED-IF), high-intensity interval training (HIIT-C), and high-intensity interval training plus intermittent fasting (HIIT-IF). SED-C and HIIT-C groups were treated daily with ad libitum chow; SED-IF and HIIT-IF received the same standard chow every other day. HIIT-C and HIIT-IF rats were submitted to an HIIT protocol five times a week for 12 weeks. At the end of the experiment, functional capacity, cardiac morphology, and expression of apoptosis signaling pathways-related proteins were analyzed. KEY FINDINGS HIIT increased cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area, collagen interstitial fraction, and the pro-apoptotic proteins AIF and caspase-3 expression, and reduced pro-apoptotic protein CYTC expression and the cleaved-to-non-cleaved PARP-1 ratio in myocardium. Intermittent fasting reduced cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area, collagen interstitial fraction, and expression of Bax, CYTC and cleaved PARP-1, and increased expression of the anti-apoptotic protein BCL-2. SMAC, ARC, and caspase-8 expression was not changed by HIIT or intermittent fasting. SIGNIFICANCE HIIT promotes cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and interstitial fibrosis, and modulates the apoptosis signaling pathway in healthy rat myocardium. Intermittent fasting reduces pro-apoptotic and increases antiapoptotic signaling, besides attenuating HIIT-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and myocardial interstitial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna R Carvalho
- Striated Muscle Study Laboratory, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Maria Lua M Mendonça
- Striated Muscle Study Laboratory, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Jéssica M L Oliveira
- Striated Muscle Study Laboratory, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo B Romanenghi
- Striated Muscle Study Laboratory, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Camila S Morais
- Striated Muscle Study Laboratory, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Gabriel E Ota
- Striated Muscle Study Laboratory, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Aline R R Lima
- Internal Medicine Department, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo J Oliveira
- Striated Muscle Study Laboratory, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Wander F O Filiú
- Striated Muscle Study Laboratory, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Katashi Okoshi
- Internal Medicine Department, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Marina P Okoshi
- Internal Medicine Department, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Silvio A Oliveira-Junior
- Striated Muscle Study Laboratory, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Paula F Martinez
- Striated Muscle Study Laboratory, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Brazil.
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Fuller KNZ, Thyfault JP. Barriers in translating preclinical rodent exercise metabolism findings to human health. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 130:182-192. [PMID: 33180643 PMCID: PMC7944931 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00683.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical inactivity and low aerobic capacity are primary drivers of chronic disease pathophysiology and are independently associated with all-cause mortality. Conversely, increased physical activity and exercise are central to metabolic disease prevention and longevity. Although these relationships are well characterized in the literature, what remains incompletely understood are the mechanisms by which physical activity/exercise prevents disease. Given methodological constraints of clinical research, investigators must often rely on preclinical rodent models to investigate these potential underlying mechanisms. However, there are several key barriers to applying exercise metabolism findings from rodent models to human health. These barriers include housing temperature, nutrient metabolism, exercise modality, exercise testing, and sex differences. Increased awareness and understanding of these barriers will enhance the ability to impact human health through more appropriate experimental design and interpretation of data within the context of these factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly N Z Fuller
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - John P Thyfault
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- Research Service Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyles and Nutrition, Kansas City, Missouri
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Tabrizi A, Soori R, Choobineh S, Gholipour M. Aerobic Training-induced Upregulation of YAP1 and Prevention of Cardiac Pathological Hypertrophy in Male Rats. Int J Prev Med 2020; 11:119. [PMID: 33088447 PMCID: PMC7554557 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_356_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pathological hypertrophy is one of the negative consequences of cardiac sympathetic hyperactivity. Recent studies have shown that YAP1 plays a critical role in cardiomyocytes hypertrophy. Considering the preventive role of exercise training in cardiovascular diseases, the present study was conducted to examine the effect of aerobic exercise training on YAP1 gene expression and its upstream components. Methods Eighteen male Wistar rats were randomly divided into aerobic training and control groups. Aerobic training was performed one hour/day, five days per week, for eight weeks, on a treadmill at 65-75% VO2 max. Pathological hypertrophy was induced by injecting 3 mg/kg-1 of isoproterenol for seven days. The left ventricle was separated, and YAP1, 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (MST), large tumor suppressor (LATS), and mitogen-activated protein 4 kinase (MAP4K) gene expressions were assessed and YAP1 protein levels were also assessed by western blotting. Cell apoptosis was detected by TUNEL assays. The between-group differences were evaluated using the T-test and P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results There were no significant between-group differences in MST gene expression (P = 0.061); meanwhile, in the training group, LATS and Map4K expressions were suppressed, followed by a significant increase in YAP1 expression (P < 0.001). Compared to the control group, the left ventricular weight increased significantly in the training group while the cardiomyocyte apoptosis decreased. Conclusions The results showed that, by reducing LATS, aerobic training-induced YAP1 upregulation can help prevent the propagation of cardiomyocyte apoptosis due to pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Tabrizi
- Department of Physical Education, Sharif University of Technology Tehran, Iran
| | - Rahman Soori
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences. University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Siroos Choobineh
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences. University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Gholipour
- Department of Physical Education, Sharif University of Technology Tehran, Iran
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Kato H, Ogasawara J, Takakura H, Shirato K, Sakurai T, Kizaki T, Izawa T. Exercise Training-Enhanced Lipolytic Potency to Catecholamine Depends on the Time of the Day. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186920. [PMID: 32967199 PMCID: PMC7554872 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise training is well known to enhance adipocyte lipolysis in response to hormone challenge. However, the existence of a relationship between the timing of exercise training and its effect on adipocyte lipolysis is unknown. To clarify this issue, Wistar rats were run on a treadmill for 9 weeks in either the early part (E-EX) or late part of the active phase (L-EX). L-EX rats exhibited greater isoproterenol-stimulated lipolysis expressed as fold induction over basal lipolysis, with greater protein expression levels of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) phosphorylated at Ser 660 compared to E-EX rats. Furthermore, we discovered that Brain and muscle Arnt-like (BMAL)1 protein can associate directly with several protein kinase A (PKA) regulatory units (RIα, RIβ, and RIIβ) of protein kinase, its anchoring protein (AKAP)150, and HSL, and that the association of BMAL1 with the regulatory subunits of PKA, AKAP150, and HSL was greater in L-EX than in E-EX rats. In contrast, comparison between E-EX and their counterpart sedentary control rats showed a greater co-immunoprecipitation only between BMAL1 and ATGL. Thus, both E-EX and L-EX showed an enhanced lipolytic response to isoproterenol, but the mechanisms underlying exercise training-enhanced lipolytic response to isoproterenol were different in each group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Kato
- Organization for Research Initiatives and Development, Doshisha University, 1-3 Tatara-Miyakodani, Kyotanabe City, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan;
- Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, 1-3 Tatara-Miyakodani, Kyotanabe City, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan;
| | - Junetsu Ogasawara
- Department of Health Science, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1-1-1 Midorigaoka-Higashi, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan;
| | - Hisashi Takakura
- Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, 1-3 Tatara-Miyakodani, Kyotanabe City, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan;
| | - Ken Shirato
- Department of Molecular Predictive Medicine and Sport Science, Kyorin University of School Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan; (K.S.); (T.S.); (T.K.)
| | - Takuya Sakurai
- Department of Molecular Predictive Medicine and Sport Science, Kyorin University of School Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan; (K.S.); (T.S.); (T.K.)
| | - Takako Kizaki
- Department of Molecular Predictive Medicine and Sport Science, Kyorin University of School Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan; (K.S.); (T.S.); (T.K.)
| | - Tetsuya Izawa
- Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, 1-3 Tatara-Miyakodani, Kyotanabe City, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan;
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, 1-3 Tatara-Miyakodani, Kyotanabe City, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-424-65-6721; Fax: +81-424-65-6729
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Stølen TO, Høydal MA, Ahmed MS, Jørgensen K, Garten K, Hortigon-Vinagre MP, Zamora V, Scrimgeour NR, Berre AMO, Nes BM, Skogvoll E, Johnsen AB, Moreira JBN, McMullen JR, Attramadal H, Smith GL, Ellingsen Ø, Wisløff U. Exercise training reveals micro-RNAs associated with improved cardiac function and electrophysiology in rats with heart failure after myocardial infarction. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2020; 148:106-119. [PMID: 32918915 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Endurance training improves aerobic fitness and cardiac function in individuals with heart failure. However, the underlying mechanisms are not well characterized. Exercise training could therefore act as a tool to discover novel targets for heart failure treatment. We aimed to associate changes in Ca2+ handling and electrophysiology with micro-RNA (miRNA) profile in exercise trained heart failure rats to establish which miRNAs induce heart failure-like effects in Ca2+ handling and electrophysiology. METHODS AND RESULTS Post-myocardial infarction (MI) heart failure was induced in Sprague Dawley rats. Rats with MI were randomized to sedentary control (sed), moderate (mod)- or high-intensity (high) endurance training for 8 weeks. Exercise training improved cardiac function, Ca2+ handling and electrophysiology including reduced susceptibility to arrhythmia in an exercise intensity-dependent manner where high intensity gave a larger effect. Fifty-five miRNAs were significantly regulated (up or down) in MI-sed, of which 18 and 3 were changed towards Sham-sed in MI-high and MI-mod, respectively. Thereafter we experimentally altered expression of these "exercise-miRNAs" individually in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hIPSC-CM) in the same direction as they were changed in MI. Of the "exercise-miRNAs", miR-214-3p prolonged AP duration, whereas miR-140 and miR-208a shortened AP duration. miR-497-5p prolonged Ca2+ release whereas miR-214-3p and miR-31a-5p prolonged Ca2+ decay. CONCLUSION Using exercise training as a tool, we discovered that miR-214-3p, miR-497-5p, miR-31a-5p contribute to heart-failure like behaviour in Ca2+ handling and electrophysiology and could be potential treatment targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas O Stølen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Cardiology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Morten A Høydal
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Cardiology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Muhammad Shakil Ahmed
- Institute for Surgical Research, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kari Jørgensen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Karin Garten
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Maria P Hortigon-Vinagre
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Science, University of Glasgow 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom
| | - Victor Zamora
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Science, University of Glasgow 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom
| | - Nathan R Scrimgeour
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anne Marie Ormbostad Berre
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bjarne M Nes
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Cardiology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Eirik Skogvoll
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anne Berit Johnsen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jose B N Moreira
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Julie R McMullen
- Cardiac Hypertrophy Laboratory, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Håvard Attramadal
- Institute for Surgical Research, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Godfrey L Smith
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Science, University of Glasgow 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom
| | - Øyvind Ellingsen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Cardiology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ulrik Wisløff
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; School of Human Movement & Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Australia
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Moreira JBN, Wohlwend M, Wisløff U. Exercise and cardiac health: physiological and molecular insights. Nat Metab 2020; 2:829-839. [PMID: 32807982 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-020-0262-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The cardiac benefits of exercise have been recognized for centuries. Studies have undisputedly shown that regular exercise is beneficial for the cardiovascular system in young, old, healthy and diseased populations. For these reasons, physical activity has been recommended worldwide for cardiovascular disease prevention and treatment. Although the benefits of exercise are clear, understanding of the molecular triggers that orchestrate these effects remains incomplete and has been a topic of intense research in recent years. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the cardiac effects of physical activity, beginning with a brief history of exercise in cardiovascular medicine and then discussing seminal work on the physiological effects of exercise in healthy, diseased and aged hearts. Later, we revisit pioneering work on the molecular mechanisms underlying the cardiac benefits of exercise, and we conclude with our view on the translational potential of this knowledge as a powerful platform for cardiovascular disease drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose B N Moreira
- Cardiac Exercise Research Group at the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Martin Wohlwend
- Cardiac Exercise Research Group at the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ulrik Wisløff
- Cardiac Exercise Research Group at the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
- School of Human Movement & Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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Fathi M, Gharakhanlou R, Rezaei R. The Changes of Heart miR-1 and miR-133 Expressions following Physiological Hypertrophy Due to Endurance Training. CELL JOURNAL 2020; 22:133-140. [PMID: 32779443 PMCID: PMC7481891 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2020.7014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a key role in the development of the heart. Recent studies have shown that miR-
1 and miR-133 are key regulators of cardiac hypertrophy. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effect of an endurance
training (ET) program on the expressions of these miRNAs and their transcriptional network.
Materials and Methods In this experimental study, cardiac hypertrophy was induced by 14 weeks of ET for 1 hour per
day, 6 days per week at 75% VO2 max). The rats (221 ± 23 g) in the experimental (n=7) and control (n=7) groups were
anesthetized to evaluate heart morphology changes by echocardiography. Next, we evaluated expressions of miR-1
and miR-133, and heart and neural crest derivatives express 2 (Hand2), Mef2c, histone deacetylase 4 (Hdac4) and
serum response factor (Srf) gene expressions by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Finally, the collected data
were evaluated by the independent t test to determine differences between the groups
Results The echocardiography result confirmed physiological hypertrophy in the experimental group that underwent ET as
shown by the increased left ventricular weight/body surface area (LVW/BSA) (P=0.004), LVW/body weight (BW) (P=0.011),
left ventricular diameter end-diastolic (LVDd) (P=0.003), and improvements in heart functional indexes such as fractional
shortness (FS) (P=0.036) and stroke volume (SV) (P=0.002). There were significant increases in the expressions of miR-1
(P=0.001) and miR-133 (P=0.004). The expressions of Srf, Hdac4, and Hand2 genes significantly increased (P<0.001) in the
experimental group Compared with the control group. The expression of Mef2c did not significantly change.
Conclusion The expressions of miR-1 and miR-133 and their target genes appeared to be involved in physiological
hypertrophy induced by ET in these rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Fathi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities Sciences, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran Electronic Address:
| | - Reza Gharakhanlou
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities Sciences, Tarbiyat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Razieh Rezaei
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
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Chen M, Shetye SS, Rooney SI, Soslowsky LJ. Short- and Long-Term Exercise Results in a Differential Achilles Tendon Mechanical Response. J Biomech Eng 2020; 142:081011. [PMID: 32253439 PMCID: PMC7477707 DOI: 10.1115/1.4046864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The study was conducted to define the biomechanical response of rat Achilles tendon after a single bout of exercise and a short or long duration of daily exercise. We hypothesized that a single bout or a short duration of exercise would cause a transient decrease in Achilles tendon mechanical properties and a long duration of daily exercise would improve these properties. One hundred and thirty-six Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into cage activity (CA) or exercise (EX) groups for a single bout, short-term, or long-term exercise. Animals in single bout EX groups were euthanized, 3, 12, 24, or 48 h upon completion of a single bout of exercise (10 m/min, 1 h) on a flat treadmill. Animals in short-term EX groups ran on a flat treadmill for 3 days, 1, or 2 weeks while animals in long-term EX groups ran for 8 weeks. Tendon quasi-static and viscoelastic response was evaluated for all Achilles tendons. A single bout of exercise increased tendon stiffness after 48 h of recovery. Short-term exercise up to 1 week decreased cross-sectional area, stiffness, modulus, and dynamic modulus of the Achilles tendon. In contrast, 8 weeks of daily exercise increased stiffness, modulus, and dynamic modulus of the tendon. This study highlights the response of Achilles tendons to single and sustained bouts of exercise. Adequate time intervals are important to allow for tendon adaptations when initiating a new training regimen and overall beneficial effects to the Achilles tendon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengcun Chen
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104; Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Snehal S. Shetye
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | | | - Louis J. Soslowsky
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, G13A Stemmler Hall, 3450 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6081
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50
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Qin F, Dong Y, Wang S, Xu M, Wang Z, Qu C, Yang Y, Zhao J. Maximum oxygen consumption and quantification of exercise intensity in untrained male Wistar rats. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11520. [PMID: 32661254 PMCID: PMC7359321 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68455-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore a valid test protocol for measuring VO2max in healthy untrained male Wistar rats of different ages and quantifying the exercise intensity (%VO2max) of running under different treadmill grades and speeds. The test protocols and %VO2max will provide a reference for the design of exercise intensity. We tested male Wistar rats aged 4 weeks, 10 weeks, 10 months and 16 months old with three test protocols (Procedure 1 [P1], 2 [P2] and 3 [P3]) for each age group to quantify VO2max. We analysed VO2max, respiratory exchange ratio and test duration to determine an optimal test protocol of VO2max for different age groups. We used the optimal test protocol to explore the changes in age-related VO2max. Finally, %VO2max of running under different treadmill speeds and grades was quantified. VO2max of Wistar rats decreased significantly after the age of 4 weeks (p < 0.05). The optimum VO2max can be induced by personalised protocols for different ages. In 4-week-old Wistar rats, the highest VO2max values were attained by P1 (104.4 ± 6.9 mL · kg−1 · min−1, p = 0.032). The highest VO2max value (84.7 ± 3.7 mL · kg−1 · min−1, p = 0.037) of 8-week-old Wistar rats was attained in P2. In 10-month-old Wistar rats, the highest VO2max value was obtained in P3 (63.3 ± 1.7 mL · kg−1 · min−1). This work could be used as a reference for assessing aerobic capacity in studies on exercise intervention with untrained male Wistar rats. However, the %VO2max measurements at various treadmill speeds and grades only apply to untrained male Wistar rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Qin
- China Institute of Sport Science, No. 11 Tiyuguan Road, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100061, China.,School of Physical Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yanan Dong
- China Institute of Sport Science, No. 11 Tiyuguan Road, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100061, China.,Beijing Institute of Sports Science, Beijing, 100075, China
| | - Songtao Wang
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Minxiao Xu
- China Institute of Sport Science, No. 11 Tiyuguan Road, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100061, China
| | - Zhongwei Wang
- China Institute of Sport Science, No. 11 Tiyuguan Road, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100061, China
| | - Chaoyi Qu
- China Institute of Sport Science, No. 11 Tiyuguan Road, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100061, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, 61801, USA
| | - Jiexiu Zhao
- China Institute of Sport Science, No. 11 Tiyuguan Road, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100061, China.
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