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Pederiva F, Rothenberg SS, Hall N, Ijsselstijn H, Wong KKY, von der Thüsen J, Ciet P, Achiron R, Pio d'Adamo A, Schnater JM. Congenital lung malformations. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2023; 9:60. [PMID: 37919294 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-023-00470-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Congenital lung malformations (CLMs) are rare developmental anomalies of the lung, including congenital pulmonary airway malformations (CPAM), bronchopulmonary sequestration, congenital lobar overinflation, bronchogenic cyst and isolated congenital bronchial atresia. CLMs occur in 4 out of 10,000 live births. Postnatal presentation ranges from an asymptomatic infant to respiratory failure. CLMs are typically diagnosed with antenatal ultrasonography and confirmed by chest CT angiography in the first few months of life. Although surgical treatment is the gold standard for symptomatic CLMs, a consensus on asymptomatic cases has not been reached. Resection, either thoracoscopically or through thoracotomy, minimizes the risk of local morbidity, including recurrent infections and pneumothorax, and avoids the risk of malignancies that have been associated with CPAM, bronchopulmonary sequestration and bronchogenic cyst. However, some surgeons suggest expectant management as the incidence of adverse outcomes, including malignancy, remains unknown. In either case, a planned follow-up and a proper transition to adult care are needed. The biological mechanisms through which some CLMs may trigger malignant transformation are under investigation. KRAS has already been confirmed to be somatically mutated in CPAM and other genetic susceptibilities linked to tumour development have been explored. By summarizing current progress in CLM diagnosis, management and molecular understanding we hope to highlight open questions that require urgent attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Pederiva
- Paediatric Surgery, "F. Del Ponte" Hospital, ASST Settelaghi, Varese, Italy.
| | - Steven S Rothenberg
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Rocky Mountain Hospital for Children, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Nigel Hall
- University Surgery Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Hanneke Ijsselstijn
- Department of Paediatric Surgery and Intensive Care, Erasmus MC Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kenneth K Y Wong
- Department of Surgery, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jan von der Thüsen
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Bioinformatics, Erasmus MC Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pierluigi Ciet
- Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine and Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Erasmus MC Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Reuven Achiron
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fetal Medicine Unit, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center Tel-Hashomer, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Adamo Pio d'Adamo
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - J Marco Schnater
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Hu Y, Hu X, Luo J, Huang J, Sun Y, Li H, Qiao Y, Wu H, Li J, Zhou L, Zheng S. Liver organoid culture methods. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:197. [PMID: 37915043 PMCID: PMC10619312 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01136-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Organoids, three-dimensional structures cultured in vitro, can recapitulate the microenvironment, complex architecture, and cellular functions of in vivo organs or tissues. In recent decades, liver organoids have been developed rapidly, and their applications in biomedicine, such as drug screening, disease modeling, and regenerative medicine, have been widely recognized. However, the lack of repeatability and consistency, including the lack of standardized culture conditions, has been a major obstacle to the development and clinical application of liver organoids. It is time-consuming for researchers to identify an appropriate medium component scheme, and the usage of some ingredients remains controversial. In this review, we summarized and compared different methods for liver organoid cultivation that have been published in recent years, focusing on controversial medium components and discussing their advantages and drawbacks. We aimed to provide an effective reference for the development and standardization of liver organoid cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqing Hu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Xiaoyi Hu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Jia Luo
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Jiacheng Huang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Yaohan Sun
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Haoyu Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Yinbiao Qiao
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Jianhui Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital, Zhejiang Shuren University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310015, China
- The Organ Repair and Regeneration Medicine Institute of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, 250117, China.
| | - Shusen Zheng
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital, Zhejiang Shuren University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310015, China.
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, 250117, China.
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Yoshioka H, Kagawa K, Minamizaki T, Nakano M, Aubin JE, Kozai K, Tsuga K, Yoshiko Y. Developmental impairments of craniofacial bone and cartilage in transgenic mice expressing FGF10. Bone Rep 2023; 18:101692. [PMID: 37275784 PMCID: PMC10236464 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2023.101692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in a common extracellular domain of fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR)-2 isoforms (type IIIb and IIIc) cause craniosynostosis syndrome and chondrodysplasia syndrome. FGF10, a major ligand for FGFR2-IIIb and FGFR1-IIIb, is a key participant in the epithelial-mesenchymal interactions required for morphogenetic events. FGF10 also regulates preadipocyte differentiation and early chondrogenesis in vitro, suggesting that FGF10-FGFR signaling may be involved in craniofacial skeletogenesis in vivo. To test this hypothesis, we used a tet-on doxycycline-inducible transgenic mouse model (FGF10 Tg) to overexpress Fgf10 from embryonic day 12.5. Fgf10 expression was 73.3-fold higher in FGF10 Tg than in wild-type mice. FGF10 Tg mice exhibited craniofacial anomalies, such as a short rostrum and mandible, an underdeveloped (cleft) palate, and no tympanic ring. Opposite effects on chondrogenesis in different anatomical regions were seen, e.g., hyperplasia in the nasal septum and hypoplasia in the mandibular condyle. We found an alternative splicing variant of Fgfr2-IIIb with a predicted translation product lacking the transmembrane domain, and suggesting a soluble form of FGFR2-IIIb (sFGFR2-IIIb), differentially expressed in some of the craniofacial bones and cartilages. Thus, excessive FGF10 may perturb signal transduction of the FGF-FGFR, leading to craniofacial skeletal abnormalities in FGF10 Tg mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Yoshioka
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Calcified Tissue Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuko Kagawa
- Department of Calcified Tissue Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- Department of Advanced Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tomoko Minamizaki
- Department of Calcified Tissue Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masashi Nakano
- Department of Calcified Tissue Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Division of Oral Health and Development, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Jane E. Aubin
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katsuyuki Kozai
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Tsuga
- Department of Advanced Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuji Yoshiko
- Department of Calcified Tissue Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Nelson ND, Xu F, Chandrasekaran P, Litzky LA, Peranteau WH, Frank DB, Li M, Pogoriler J. Defining the spatial landscape of KRAS mutated congenital pulmonary airway malformations: a distinct entity with a spectrum of histopathologic features. Mod Pathol 2022; 35:1870-1881. [PMID: 35794233 PMCID: PMC10462420 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-022-01129-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The potential pathogenetic mechanisms underlying the varied morphology of congenital pulmonary airway malformations (CPAMs) have not been molecularly determined, but a subset have been shown to contain clusters of mucinous cells (MCC). These clusters are believed to serve as precursors for potential invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma, and they are associated with KRAS codon 12 mutations. To assess the universality of KRAS mutations in MCCs, we sequenced exon 2 of KRAS in 61 MCCs from 18 patients, and we found a KRAS codon 12 mutation in all 61 MCCs. Furthermore, all MCCs from a single patient always had the same KRAS mutation, and the same KRAS mutation was also found in non-mucinous lesional tissue. Next generation sequencing of seven MCCs showed no other mutations or copy number variations. Sequencing of 46 additional CPAMs with MCCs revealed KRAS mutations in non-mucinous lesional tissue in all cases. RNA in situ hybridization confirmed widespread distribution of cells with mutant KRAS RNA, even extending outside of the bronchiolar type epithelium. We identified 25 additional CPAMs with overall histologic architecture similar to CPAMs with KRAS mutations but without identifiable MCCs, and we found KRAS mutations in 17 (68%). The histologic features of these KRAS mutated CPAMs included type 1 and type 3 morphology, as well as lesions with an intermediate histologic appearance, and analysis revealed a strong correlation between the specific amino acid substitution and histomorphology. These findings, together with previously published model organism data, suggests that the formation of type 1 and 3 CPAMs is driven by mosaic KRAS mutations arising in the lung epithelium early in development and places them within the growing field of mosaic RASopathies. The presence of widespread epithelial mutation explains late metastatic disease in incompletely resected patients and reinforces the recommendation for complete resection of these lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nya D Nelson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Prashant Chandrasekaran
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Leslie A Litzky
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - William H Peranteau
- Department of Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David B Frank
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marilyn Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer Pogoriler
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Congenital lung malformations: Dysregulated lung developmental processes and altered signaling pathways. Semin Pediatr Surg 2022; 31:151228. [PMID: 36442455 DOI: 10.1016/j.sempedsurg.2022.151228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Congenital lung malformations comprise a diverse group of anomalies including congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM, previously known as congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation or CCAM), bronchopulmonary sequestration (BPS), congenital lobar emphysema (CLE), bronchogenic cysts, and hybrid lesions. Little is known about the signaling pathways that underlie the pathophysiology of these lesions and the processes that may promote their malignant transformation. In the last decade, the use of transgenic/knockout animal models and the implementation of next generation sequencing on surgical lung specimens have increased our knowledge on the pathophysiology of these lesions. Herein, we provide an overview of normal lung development in humans and rodents, and we discuss the current state of knowledge on the pathophysiology and molecular pathways that are altered in each congenital lung malformation.
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6
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Tomita H, Hara A. Development of extrahepatic bile ducts and mechanisms of tumorigenesis: Lessons from mouse models. Pathol Int 2022; 72:589-605. [PMID: 36349994 PMCID: PMC10098476 DOI: 10.1111/pin.13287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The biliary system is a highly branched tubular network consisting of intrahepatic bile ducts (IHBDs) and extrahepatic bile ducts (EHBDs). IHBDs are derived from hepatic progenitor cells, while EHBDs originate directly from the endoderm through a separate branching morphogenetic process. Traits that are important for cancer are often found to overlap in developmental and other processes. Therefore, it has been suggested that intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas (iCCAs) and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas (eCCAs) have different developmental mechanisms. While much evidence is being gathered on the mechanism of iCCAs, the evidence for eCCA is still very limited. The main reason for this is that there are very few appropriate animal models for eCCA. We can gain important insights from these animal models, particularly genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs). GEMMs are immunocompetent and mimic human CCA subtypes with a specific mutational pattern, allowing the development of precancerous lesions, that is, biliary intraepithelial neoplasia (BilIN) and intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct (IPNB). This review provides a summary of the pathogenesis and mechanisms of eCCA that can be revealed by GEMMs. Furthermore, we discuss several clinical questions, such as whether BilIN and IPNB really become malignant, whether the peribiliary gland is the origin of eCCAs, and others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Tomita
- Department of Tumor Pathology Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine Gifu Japan
| | - Akira Hara
- Department of Tumor Pathology Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine Gifu Japan
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Ornitz DM, Itoh N. New developments in the biology of fibroblast growth factors. WIREs Mech Dis 2022; 14:e1549. [PMID: 35142107 PMCID: PMC10115509 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family is composed of 18 secreted signaling proteins consisting of canonical FGFs and endocrine FGFs that activate four receptor tyrosine kinases (FGFRs 1-4) and four intracellular proteins (intracellular FGFs or iFGFs) that primarily function to regulate the activity of voltage-gated sodium channels and other molecules. The canonical FGFs, endocrine FGFs, and iFGFs have been reviewed extensively by us and others. In this review, we briefly summarize past reviews and then focus on new developments in the FGF field since our last review in 2015. Some of the highlights in the past 6 years include the use of optogenetic tools, viral vectors, and inducible transgenes to experimentally modulate FGF signaling, the clinical use of small molecule FGFR inhibitors, an expanded understanding of endocrine FGF signaling, functions for FGF signaling in stem cell pluripotency and differentiation, roles for FGF signaling in tissue homeostasis and regeneration, a continuing elaboration of mechanisms of FGF signaling in development, and an expanding appreciation of roles for FGF signaling in neuropsychiatric diseases. This article is categorized under: Cardiovascular Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Neurological Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Congenital Diseases > Stem Cells and Development Cancer > Stem Cells and Development.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Ornitz
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Nobuyuki Itoh
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
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Wang Y, Song W, Zhou S, Chang S, Chang J, Tian J, Zhang L, Li J, Che G. The genomic and transcriptome characteristics of lung adenocarcinoma patients with previous breast cancer. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:618. [PMID: 35668376 PMCID: PMC9171992 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09727-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer and lung cancer are the top two malignancies in the female population and the number of patients with breast cancer and subsequent primary lung cancer has increased significantly in recent years. However, the unique molecular characteristics of this group of patients remains unclear. Purpose To identify the genomic and transcriptome characteristics of primary lung adenocarcinoma patients with previous breast cancer by comparison with single primary lung adenocarcinoma (SPLA) patients. Methods The tumor and normal pulmonary tissue specimens of ten primary pulmonary adenocarcinoma patients with previous breast cancer (multiple primary cancer, MPC) and ten SPLA patients were prospectively collected. The whole exome sequencing (WES) and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) were performed to analyze the gene mutation and expression differences between MPC and SPC patients. Results The results of WES indicated that the mutations of TRIM73, DLX6 and CNGB1 only existed in MPC patients. The results of RNA-seq manifested the occurrence of second primary lung adenocarcinoma in breast cancer patients was closely associated with cytokine-cytokine receptor action, autophagy, PI3L-Akt, cAMP and calcium ion signaling pathways. Besides, the expression levels of FGF10 and VEGFA genes were significantly increased in MPC patients. Conclusion The occurrence of second primary lung adenocarcinoma may be related to the cytokine-cytokine receptor action, autophagy, PI3L-Akt, cAMP and calcium ion signaling pathways. Furthermore, the mutations of TRIM73, DLX6 and CNGB1 and high expression of FGF10 and VEGFA might play an important role in the development of lung adenocarcinoma in breast cancer patients. However, more in-depth investigations are needed to verify above findings. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-09727-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxuexiang No. 37, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Wenpeng Song
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxuexiang No. 37, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Sicheng Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxuexiang No. 37, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Shuai Chang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxuexiang No. 37, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Junke Chang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxuexiang No. 37, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jie Tian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxuexiang No. 37, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Liming Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxuexiang No. 37, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jue Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxuexiang No. 37, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Guowei Che
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxuexiang No. 37, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Roberts SK, Majeed A. A short report on NGM282/aldafermin for the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Expert Opin Ther Targets 2021; 25:889-895. [PMID: 34727818 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2021.1999416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is rapidly becoming the major cause of liver disease worldwide. Bile acids play a central part in the pathogenesis of NAFLD with agents that target bile acid synthesis and metabolism in development as potential therapies. AREAS COVERED The paper presents an overview of NAFLD and its pathogenesis, with focus on bile acid metabolism and regulation through fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF-19), and the development of aldafermin as a non-tumorigenic FGF-19 analogue. We explore results from preclinical studies on the efficacy and safety of aldafermin. EXPERT OPINION Bile acid regulation is a promising therapeutic target in the management of NAFLD. FGF-19 plays key role in this mechanistic pathway, but also exhibits hepatocarcinogenic effect. Aldafermin is an FGF-19 analogue that has shown promising results in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis animal models, with preclinical data supporting its safety profile, specifically, the lack of a tumorigenic effect. The preclinical data presented in this paper support the clinical development of aldafermin, and indeed early data from several phase II clinical trials report promising results in relation to the ability of aldafermin to improve the histological features of NASH particularly in relation to a reduction in liver fat content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart K Roberts
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ammar Majeed
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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10
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Developmental Pathways Underlying Lung Development and Congenital Lung Disorders. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112987. [PMID: 34831210 PMCID: PMC8616556 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung organogenesis is a highly coordinated process governed by a network of conserved signaling pathways that ultimately control patterning, growth, and differentiation. This rigorously regulated developmental process culminates with the formation of a fully functional organ. Conversely, failure to correctly regulate this intricate series of events results in severe abnormalities that may compromise postnatal survival or affect/disrupt lung function through early life and adulthood. Conditions like congenital pulmonary airway malformation, bronchopulmonary sequestration, bronchogenic cysts, and congenital diaphragmatic hernia display unique forms of lung abnormalities. The etiology of these disorders is not yet completely understood; however, specific developmental pathways have already been reported as deregulated. In this sense, this review focuses on the molecular mechanisms that contribute to normal/abnormal lung growth and development and their impact on postnatal survival.
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Tomita H, Tanaka K, Hirata A, Okada H, Imai H, Shirakami Y, Ohnishi K, Sugie S, Aoki H, Hatano Y, Noguchi K, Kanayama T, Niwa A, Suzui N, Miyazaki T, Tanaka T, Akiyama H, Shimizu M, Yoshida K, Hara A. Inhibition of FGF10-ERK signal activation suppresses intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct and its associated carcinomas. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108772. [PMID: 33626352 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence regarding intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct (IPNB) as a type of precancerous lesion of cholangiocarcinoma is limited. Moreover, a reproducible in vivo model is lacking, and IPNB pathogenesis remains unclear. Here, we use a doxycycline-inducible tetracycline (Tet)-on mice model to control fibroblast growth factor 10 (FGF10) expression, which regulates branching and tubule formation. FGF10-induced IPNB mimics the multifocal and divergent human IPNB phenotypes via the FGF10-FGF receptor 2 (FGFR2)-RAS-extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway. A paracrine/autocrine growth factor is sufficient to initiate and maintain IPNB originating from the peribiliary glands, including biliary stem/progenitor cells. With KrasG12D, p53, or p16 mutations or both, Fgf10-induced IPNB shows stepwise carcinogenesis, causing associated invasive carcinoma. Fgf10-induced papillary changes and progression are suppressed by the inhibition of the FGF10-FGFR2-RAS-ERK signaling pathway, demonstrating that the signal is a therapeutic target for IPNB and associated carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Tomita
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan.
| | - Kaori Tanaka
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan; Department of Surgical Oncology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Akihiro Hirata
- Division of Animal Experiment, Life Science Research Center, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Hideshi Okada
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Hisashi Imai
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Yohei Shirakami
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Kotaro Ohnishi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Sugie
- Department of Pathology, Asahi University Hospital, Gifu 500-8523, Japan
| | - Hitomi Aoki
- Department of Tissue and Organ Development, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Hatano
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Kei Noguchi
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kanayama
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Ayumi Niwa
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Natsuko Suzui
- Department of Pathology, Gifu University Hospital, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | | | - Takuji Tanaka
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology (DDP) and Research Center of Diagnostic Pathology (RC-DiP), Gifu Municipal Hospital, Gifu 500-8513, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Akiyama
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Masahito Shimizu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yoshida
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Akira Hara
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
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12
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Yin Y, Ornitz DM. FGF9 and FGF10 activate distinct signaling pathways to direct lung epithelial specification and branching. Sci Signal 2020; 13:13/621/eaay4353. [PMID: 32127497 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aay4353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) 9 and 10 are essential during the pseudoglandular stage of lung development. Mesothelium-produced FGF9 is principally responsible for mesenchymal growth, whereas epithelium-produced FGF9 and mesenchyme-produced FGF10 guide lung epithelial development, and loss of either of these ligands affects epithelial branching. Because FGF9 and FGF10 activate distinct FGF receptors (FGFRs), we hypothesized that they would control distinct developmental processes. Here, we found that FGF9 signaled through epithelial FGFR3 to directly promote distal epithelial fate specification and inhibit epithelial differentiation. By contrast, FGF10 signaled through epithelial FGFR2b to promote epithelial proliferation and differentiation. Furthermore, FGF9-FGFR3 signaling functionally opposed FGF10-FGFR2b signaling, and FGFR3 preferentially used downstream phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathways, whereas FGFR2b relied on downstream mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. These data demonstrate that, within lung epithelial cells, different FGFRs function independently; they bind receptor-specific ligands and direct distinct developmental functions through the activation of distinct downstream signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Yin
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - David M Ornitz
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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13
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Liu L, Song C, Li J, Wang Q, Zhu M, Hu Y, Chen J, Chen C, Zhang JS, Dong N, Chen C. Fibroblast growth factor 10 alleviates particulate matter-induced lung injury by inhibiting the HMGB1-TLR4 pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:1186-1200. [PMID: 31958320 PMCID: PMC7053597 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to particulate matter (PM) is associated with increased incidence of respiratory diseases. The present study aimed to investigate the roles of fibroblast growth factor 10 (FGF10) in PM-induced lung injury. Mice were intratracheally instilled with FGF10 or phosphate-buffered saline at one hour before instillation of PM for two consecutive days. In addition, the anti-inflammatory impact of FGF10 in vitro and its effect on the high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1)-toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathway was investigated. It was found that PM exposure is associated with increased inflammatory cell infiltration into the lung and increased vascular protein leakage, while FGF10 pretreatment attenuated both of these effects. FGF10 also decreased the PM-induced expression of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-α and HMGB1 in murine bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and in the supernatants of human bronchial epithelial cells exposed to PM. FGF10 exerted anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects by inhibiting the HMGB1-TLR4 pathway. These results indicate that FGF10 may have therapeutic values for PM-induced lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjing Liu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou 325006, China
| | - Chenjian Song
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Yiwu Central Hospital, Yiwu 322000, China
| | - Jingli Li
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou 325006, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou 325006, China
| | - Mingyang Zhu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou 325006, China
| | - Yiran Hu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou 325006, China
| | - Junjie Chen
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou 325006, China
| | - Chaolei Chen
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou 325006, China
| | - Jin-San Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University Pharmacy School, Wenzhou 325006, China
| | - Nian Dong
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou 325006, China
| | - Chengshui Chen
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou 325006, China
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14
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Farajihaye Qazvini F, Samadi N, Saffari M, Emami-Razavi AN, Shirkoohi R. Fibroblast growth factor-10 and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in colorectal cancer. EXCLI JOURNAL 2019; 18:530-539. [PMID: 31611737 PMCID: PMC6785779 DOI: 10.17179/excli2018-1784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
As an inducer of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), fibroblast growth factor-10 (FGF-10) has a role in cell proliferation and differentiation in the embryo in addition to invasion and metastasis during carcinogenesis. In this study, we aimed to investigate the FGF-10 gene expression in tumor tissues based on the pathological feature of tumor related to EMT and metastasis. 62 tumors were obtained from 62 colorectal cancer patients during surgery. The pathological characteristics of the patients were carefully collected and classified by Iran National Tumor Bank. To quantify FGF-10 gene expression, RNA extraction, reverse transcription-PCR and real-time PCR were respectively performed. In addition, three colorectal cancer cell lines including LS174T, SW-948 and SW-480 were collected and cultured for further molecular analysis. Consequently, FGF-10 gene expression showed increased expression level in LS174T and SW-948 while it displayed decreased level in SW-480. Considering the tumor samples, we found an upregulation of FGF-10 gene expression in 52.1 % of all tumors in stage III and only in 9.09 % of all tumors in stage I. Also, there were an upregulation of FGF-10 gene expression in 50 % of all positive lymph invasion patients. Besides, FGF-10 gene upregulation was observed in 50 % of all tumors with a size larger than 5 cm (P value < 0.05) and 69 % of all tumors located in the colon (P value < 0.05). To our knowledge, this is the first time that FGF-10 expression is reported based on pathological features of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Farajihaye Qazvini
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Group of Genetics, Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasser Samadi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Saffari
- Group of Genetics, Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Nader Emami-Razavi
- Iran National Tumor Bank, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Shirkoohi
- Group of Genetics, Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.,Cancer Biology Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Khandelwal AR, Kent B, Hillary S, Alam MM, Ma X, Gu X, DiGiovanni J, Nathan CAO. Fibroblast growth factor receptor promotes progression of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Carcinog 2019; 58:1715-1725. [PMID: 31254372 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is a keratinocyte-derived invasive and metastatic tumor of the skin. It is the second-most commonly diagnosed form of skin cancer striking 200 000 Americans annually. Further, in organ transplant patients, there is a 65- to 100-fold increased incidence of cSCC compared to the general population. Excision of cSCC of the head and neck results in significant facial disfigurement. Therefore, increased understanding of the mechanisms involved in the pathogeneses of cSCC could identify means to prevent, inhibit, and reverse this process. In our previous studies, inhibition of fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) significantly decreased ultraviolet B-induced epidermal hyperplasia and hyperproliferation in SKH-1 mice, suggesting an important role for FGFR signaling in skin cancer development. However, the role of FGFR signaling in the progression of cSCC is not yet elucidated. Analysis of the expression of FGFR in cSCC cells and normal epidermal keratinocytes revealed protein overexpression and increased FGFR2 activation in cSCC cells compared to normal keratinocytes. Further, tumor cell-specific overexpression of FGFR2 was detected in human cSCCs, whereas the expression of FGFR2 was low in premalignant lesions and normal skin. Pretreatment with the pan-FGFR inhibitor; AZD4547 significantly decreased cSCC cell-cycle traverse, proliferation, migration, and motility. Interestingly, AZD4547 also significantly downregulated mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 and AKT activation in cSCC cells, suggesting an important role of these signaling pathways in FGFR-mediated effects. To further bolster the in vitro studies, NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid Il2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ mice with SCC12A tumor xenografts treated with AZD4547 (15 mg/kg/bw, twice weekly oral gavage) exhibited significantly decreased tumor volume compared to the vehicle-only treatment group. The current studies provide mechanistic evidence for the role of FGFR and selectively FGFR2 in the early progression of cSCC and identifies FGFR as a putative therapeutic target in the treatment of skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok R Khandelwal
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana.,Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana
| | - Burton Kent
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana
| | - Savage Hillary
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana
| | - Md Maksudul Alam
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana
| | - Xiaohua Ma
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana
| | - Xin Gu
- Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana
| | - John DiGiovanni
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Cherie-Ann O Nathan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana.,Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana.,Department of Surgery, Overton Brooks Veterans Affairs Hospital, Shreveport, Louisiana
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16
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Yuan T, Volckaert T, Redente EF, Hopkins S, Klinkhammer K, Wasnick R, Chao CM, Yuan J, Zhang JS, Yao C, Majka S, Stripp BR, Günther A, Riches DWH, Bellusci S, Thannickal VJ, De Langhe SP. FGF10-FGFR2B Signaling Generates Basal Cells and Drives Alveolar Epithelial Regeneration by Bronchial Epithelial Stem Cells after Lung Injury. Stem Cell Reports 2019; 12:1041-1055. [PMID: 31056475 PMCID: PMC6524168 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a common form of interstitial lung disease resulting in alveolar remodeling and progressive loss of pulmonary function because of chronic alveolar injury and failure to regenerate the respiratory epithelium. Histologically, fibrotic lesions and honeycomb structures expressing atypical proximal airway epithelial markers replace alveolar structures, the latter normally lined by alveolar type 1 (AT1) and AT2 cells. Bronchial epithelial stem cells (BESCs) can give rise to AT2 and AT1 cells or honeycomb cysts following bleomycin-mediated lung injury. However, little is known about what controls this binary decision or whether this decision can be reversed. Here we report that inactivation of Fgfr2b in BESCs impairs their contribution to both alveolar epithelial regeneration and honeycomb cysts after bleomycin injury. By contrast overexpression of Fgf10 in BESCs enhances fibrosis resolution by favoring the more desirable outcome of alveolar epithelial regeneration over the development of pathologic honeycomb cysts. Bronchial epithelial stem cells are required for alveolar epithelial regeneration Fgf10-Fgfr2b signaling is required for alveolar type 2 stem cell maintenance Fgfr2b signaling drives alveolar epithelial regeneration by BESCs Fgf10-Fgfr2b promotes basal cell to alveolar type 2 cell differentiation
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yuan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, THT 422, 1720 2nd Avenue S., Birmingham, 35294-2182 AL, USA
| | - Thomas Volckaert
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, THT 422, 1720 2nd Avenue S., Birmingham, 35294-2182 AL, USA
| | - Elizabeth F Redente
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cell Biology, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA; Denver Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Seantel Hopkins
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, THT 422, 1720 2nd Avenue S., Birmingham, 35294-2182 AL, USA
| | - Kylie Klinkhammer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, THT 422, 1720 2nd Avenue S., Birmingham, 35294-2182 AL, USA
| | - Roxana Wasnick
- German Center for Lung Research, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Cho-Ming Chao
- German Center for Lung Research, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Jie Yuan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, THT 422, 1720 2nd Avenue S., Birmingham, 35294-2182 AL, USA
| | - Jin-San Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Changfu Yao
- Women's Guild Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Susan Majka
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Barry R Stripp
- Women's Guild Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Andreas Günther
- German Center for Lung Research, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - David W H Riches
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cell Biology, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA; Denver Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- German Center for Lung Research, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, THT 422, 1720 2nd Avenue S., Birmingham, 35294-2182 AL, USA
| | - Stijn P De Langhe
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, THT 422, 1720 2nd Avenue S., Birmingham, 35294-2182 AL, USA.
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17
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Cai J, Li W, Li J, Zhou Q, Huang Y, Li X, Hui Q, Wang X. Toxicology study of long-term administration of rhKGF-2 eye drops on rabbit corneas. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 103:189-195. [PMID: 30735698 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Keratinocyte growth factor -2 promotes corneal repair. Its mechanism of action involves regulating regeneration and migration of corneal cells, as well as activating corneal limbal stem cells. However, KGF-2 being a carcinogenic growth factor and its potential adverse effect in over dosage long-term treatment had not yet been reported. In this study, we used New Zealand white rabbits to study possible toxic effects of ocular administration of recombinant human keratinocyte growth factor-2 eye drops. Animals in the medium- and high-dose groups had some ocular irritant reactions during the course of drug administration; however this reaction was harmless to the cornea and it ended up when administration was stopped. Serum biochemistries were largely unaffected by treatment. Pathological examinations were unremarkable. We found that over-dosed administration of these eye drops caused some ocular irritation, but this irritant reaction was harmless to the eye, and it reversed after the drug was stopped. There were no apparent systemic effects of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- JianQiu Cai
- Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan University Park, Wenzhou, 325035, China; Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Second Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, #109 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Wenqing Li
- Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan University Park, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Jinghang Li
- Swanson School of Engimeering University of Pittsburgh Benedum Hall Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Qingde Zhou
- Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan University Park, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Yadong Huang
- The National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Ninan University, #206 Kaiyuan Road, Economic and Technical Development Zone, Guangzhou, 510730, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan University Park, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Qi Hui
- Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan University Park, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan University Park, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
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18
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Volckaert T, Yuan T, Yuan J, Boateng E, Hopkins S, Zhang JS, Thannickal VJ, Fässler R, De Langhe SP. Hippo signaling promotes lung epithelial lineage commitment by curbing Fgf10 and β-catenin signaling. Development 2019; 146:146/2/dev166454. [PMID: 30651296 DOI: 10.1242/dev.166454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Organ growth and tissue homeostasis rely on the proliferation and differentiation of progenitor cell populations. In the developing lung, localized Fgf10 expression maintains distal Sox9-expressing epithelial progenitors and promotes basal cell differentiation in the cartilaginous airways. Mesenchymal Fgf10 expression is induced by Wnt signaling but inhibited by Shh signaling, and epithelial Fgf10 signaling activates β-catenin signaling. The Hippo pathway is a well-conserved signaling cascade that regulates organ size and stem/progenitor cell behavior. Here, we show that Hippo signaling promotes lineage commitment of lung epithelial progenitors by curbing Fgf10 and β-catenin signaling. Our findings show that both inactivation of the Hippo pathway (nuclear Yap) or ablation of Yap result in increased β-catenin and Fgf10 signaling, suggesting a cytoplasmic role for Yap in epithelial lineage commitment. We further demonstrate redundant and non-redundant functions for the two nuclear effectors of the Hippo pathway, Yap and Taz, during lung development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Volckaert
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Tingting Yuan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Jie Yuan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Eistine Boateng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Seantel Hopkins
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Jin-San Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.,Division of Oncology Research and Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Reinhard Fässler
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Stijn P De Langhe
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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19
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Clayton NS, Grose RP. Emerging Roles of Fibroblast Growth Factor 10 in Cancer. Front Genet 2018; 9:499. [PMID: 30405704 PMCID: PMC6207577 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Whilst cross-talk between stroma and epithelium is critical for tissue development and homeostasis, aberrant paracrine stimulation can result in neoplastic transformation. Chronic stimulation of epithelial cells with paracrine Fibroblast Growth Factor 10 (FGF10) has been implicated in multiple cancers, including breast, prostate and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Here, we examine the mechanisms underlying FGF10-induced tumourigenesis and explore novel approaches to target FGF10 signaling in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha S Clayton
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, CRUK Centre of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard P Grose
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, CRUK Centre of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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20
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21
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Volckaert T, Yuan T, Chao CM, Bell H, Sitaula A, Szimmtenings L, El Agha E, Chanda D, Majka S, Bellusci S, Thannickal VJ, Fässler R, De Langhe SP. Fgf10-Hippo Epithelial-Mesenchymal Crosstalk Maintains and Recruits Lung Basal Stem Cells. Dev Cell 2017; 43:48-59.e5. [PMID: 29017029 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The lung harbors its basal stem/progenitor cells (BSCs) in the protected environment of the cartilaginous airways. After major lung injuries, BSCs are activated and recruited to sites of injury. Here, we show that during homeostasis, BSCs in cartilaginous airways maintain their stem cell state by downregulating the Hippo pathway (resulting in increased nuclear Yap), which generates a localized Fgf10-expressing stromal niche; in contrast, differentiated epithelial cells in non-cartilaginous airways maintain quiescence by activating the Hippo pathway and inhibiting Fgf10 expression in airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs). However, upon injury, surviving differentiated epithelial cells spread to maintain barrier function and recruit integrin-linked kinase to adhesion sites, which leads to Merlin degradation, downregulation of the Hippo pathway, nuclear Yap translocation, and expression and secretion of Wnt7b. Epithelial-derived Wnt7b, then in turn, induces Fgf10 expression in ASMCs, which extends the BSC niche to promote regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Volckaert
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cell Biology, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, THT 422, 1720 2nd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294-2182, USA
| | - Tingting Yuan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cell Biology, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, THT 422, 1720 2nd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294-2182, USA
| | - Cho-Ming Chao
- German Center for Lung Research, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Harold Bell
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cell Biology, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Alina Sitaula
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cell Biology, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Luisa Szimmtenings
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, THT 422, 1720 2nd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294-2182, USA
| | - Elie El Agha
- German Center for Lung Research, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Diptiman Chanda
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, THT 422, 1720 2nd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294-2182, USA
| | - Susan Majka
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine or Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- German Center for Lung Research, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, THT 422, 1720 2nd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294-2182, USA
| | - Reinhard Fässler
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Stijn P De Langhe
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cell Biology, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, THT 422, 1720 2nd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294-2182, USA; Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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22
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El Agha E, Seeger W, Bellusci S. Therapeutic and pathological roles of fibroblast growth factors in pulmonary diseases. Dev Dyn 2016; 246:235-244. [PMID: 27783451 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) constitute a large family of polypeptides that are involved in many biological processes, ranging from prenatal cell-fate specification and organogenesis to hormonal and metabolic regulation in postnatal life. During embryonic development, these growth factors are important mediators of the crosstalk among ectoderm-, mesoderm-, and endoderm-derived cells, and they instruct the spatial and temporal growth of organs and tissues such as the brain, bone, lung, gut, and others. The involvement of FGFs in postnatal lung homeostasis is a growing field, and there is emerging literature about their roles in lung pathophysiology. In this review, the involvement of FGF signaling in a wide array of lung diseases will be summarized. Developmental Dynamics 246:235-244, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elie El Agha
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Werner Seeger
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
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Quantius J, Schmoldt C, Vazquez-Armendariz AI, Becker C, El Agha E, Wilhelm J, Morty RE, Vadász I, Mayer K, Gattenloehner S, Fink L, Matrosovich M, Li X, Seeger W, Lohmeyer J, Bellusci S, Herold S. Influenza Virus Infects Epithelial Stem/Progenitor Cells of the Distal Lung: Impact on Fgfr2b-Driven Epithelial Repair. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005544. [PMID: 27322618 PMCID: PMC4913929 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza Virus (IV) pneumonia is associated with severe damage of the lung epithelium and respiratory failure. Apart from efficient host defense, structural repair of the injured epithelium is crucial for survival of severe pneumonia. The molecular mechanisms underlying stem/progenitor cell mediated regenerative responses are not well characterized. In particular, the impact of IV infection on lung stem cells and their regenerative responses remains elusive. Our study demonstrates that a highly pathogenic IV infects various cell populations in the murine lung, but displays a strong tropism to an epithelial cell subset with high proliferative capacity, defined by the signature EpCamhighCD24lowintegrin(α6)high. This cell fraction expressed the stem cell antigen-1, highly enriched lung stem/progenitor cells previously characterized by the signature integrin(β4)+CD200+, and upregulated the p63/krt5 regeneration program after IV-induced injury. Using 3-dimensional organoid cultures derived from these epithelial stem/progenitor cells (EpiSPC), and in vivo infection models including transgenic mice, we reveal that their expansion, barrier renewal and outcome after IV-induced injury critically depended on Fgfr2b signaling. Importantly, IV infected EpiSPC exhibited severely impaired renewal capacity due to IV-induced blockade of β-catenin-dependent Fgfr2b signaling, evidenced by loss of alveolar tissue repair capacity after intrapulmonary EpiSPC transplantation in vivo. Intratracheal application of exogenous Fgf10, however, resulted in increased engagement of non-infected EpiSPC for tissue regeneration, demonstrated by improved proliferative potential, restoration of alveolar barrier function and increased survival following IV pneumonia. Together, these data suggest that tropism of IV to distal lung stem cell niches represents an important factor of pathogenicity and highlight impaired Fgfr2b signaling as underlying mechanism. Furthermore, increase of alveolar Fgf10 levels may represent a putative therapy to overcome regeneration failure after IV-induced lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Quantius
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Universities Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Carole Schmoldt
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Universities Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Ana I Vazquez-Armendariz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Universities Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Christin Becker
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Universities Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Elie El Agha
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Universities Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Jochen Wilhelm
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Universities Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
- Department of Pathology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Rory E Morty
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Universities Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - István Vadász
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Universities Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Universities Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Konstantin Mayer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Universities Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Universities Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Ludger Fink
- Institute of Pathology and Cytology, Wetzlar, Germany, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Xiaokun Li
- College of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Werner Seeger
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Universities Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Universities Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
- Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Juergen Lohmeyer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Universities Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Universities Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Universities Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
- College of life and Environmental sciences and College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou University town, Zhejiang, China
| | - Susanne Herold
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Universities Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Universities Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
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24
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Giacomini A, Chiodelli P, Matarazzo S, Rusnati M, Presta M, Ronca R. Blocking the FGF/FGFR system as a two-compartment antiangiogenic/antitumor approach in cancer therapy. Pharmacol Res 2016; 107:172-185. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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25
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Fibroblast Growth Factor-10 (FGF-10) Mobilizes Lung-resident Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Protects Against Acute Lung Injury. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21642. [PMID: 26869337 PMCID: PMC4751498 DOI: 10.1038/srep21642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
FGF-10 can prevent or reduce lung specific inflammation due to traumatic or infectious lung injury. However, the exact mechanisms are poorly characterized. Additionally, the effect of FGF-10 on lung-resident mesenchymal stem cells (LR-MSCs) has not been studied. To better characterize the effect of FGF-10 on LR-MSCs, FGF-10 was intratracheally delivered into the lungs of rats. Three days after instillation, bronchoalveolar lavage was performed and plastic-adherent cells were cultured, characterized and then delivered therapeutically to rats after LPS intratracheal instillation. Immunophenotyping analysis of FGF-10 mobilized and cultured cells revealed expression of the MSC markers CD29, CD73, CD90, and CD105, and the absence of the hematopoietic lineage markers CD34 and CD45. Multipotency of these cells was demonstrated by their capacity to differentiate into osteocytes, adipocytes, and chondrocytes. Delivery of LR-MSCs into the lungs after LPS injury reduced the inflammatory response as evidenced by decreased wet-to-dry ratio, reduced neutrophil and leukocyte recruitment and decreased inflammatory cytokines compared to control rats. Lastly, direct delivery of FGF-10 in the lungs of rats led to an increase of LR-MSCs in the treated lungs, suggesting that the protective effect of FGF-10 might be mediated, in part, by the mobilization of LR-MSCs in lungs.
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26
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Boucherat O, Landry-Truchon K, Bérubé-Simard FA, Houde N, Beuret L, Lezmi G, Foulkes WD, Delacourt C, Charron J, Jeannotte L. Epithelial inactivation of Yy1 abrogates lung branching morphogenesis. Development 2015; 142:2981-95. [PMID: 26329601 DOI: 10.1242/dev.120469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Yin Yang 1 (YY1) is a multifunctional zinc-finger-containing transcription factor that plays crucial roles in numerous biological processes by selectively activating or repressing transcription, depending upon promoter contextual differences and specific protein interactions. In mice, Yy1 null mutants die early in gestation whereas Yy1 hypomorphs die at birth from lung defects. We studied how the epithelial-specific inactivation of Yy1 impacts on lung development. The Yy1 mutation in lung epithelium resulted in neonatal death due to respiratory failure. It impaired tracheal cartilage formation, altered cell differentiation, abrogated lung branching and caused airway dilation similar to that seen in human congenital cystic lung diseases. The cystic lung phenotype in Yy1 mutants can be partly explained by the reduced expression of Shh, a transcriptional target of YY1, in lung endoderm, and the subsequent derepression of mesenchymal Fgf10 expression. Accordingly, SHH supplementation partially rescued the lung phenotype in vitro. Analysis of human lung tissues revealed decreased YY1 expression in children with pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB), a rare pediatric lung tumor arising during fetal development and associated with DICER1 mutations. No evidence for a potential genetic interplay between murine Dicer and Yy1 genes during lung morphogenesis was observed. However, the cystic lung phenotype resulting from the epithelial inactivation of Dicer function mimics the Yy1 lung malformations with similar changes in Shh and Fgf10 expression. Together, our data demonstrate the crucial requirement for YY1 in lung morphogenesis and identify Yy1 mutant mice as a potential model for studying the genetic basis of PPB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Boucherat
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval; CRCHUQ, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Québec, G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Kim Landry-Truchon
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval; CRCHUQ, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Québec, G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Félix-Antoine Bérubé-Simard
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval; CRCHUQ, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Québec, G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Nicolas Houde
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval; CRCHUQ, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Québec, G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Laurent Beuret
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval; CRCHUQ, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Québec, G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Guillaume Lezmi
- AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Service de Pneumologie Pédiatrique, Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, 75015, France Inserm U955, IMRB, Equipe 04, Créteil, 94011, France
| | - William D Foulkes
- Department of Medical Genetics, Lady Davis Institute and Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Christophe Delacourt
- AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Service de Pneumologie Pédiatrique, Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, 75015, France Inserm U955, IMRB, Equipe 04, Créteil, 94011, France
| | - Jean Charron
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval; CRCHUQ, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Québec, G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Lucie Jeannotte
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval; CRCHUQ, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Québec, G1R 3S3, Canada
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27
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Zhou W, Zhu Y, Chen S, Xu R, Wang K. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 promotes MG63 cell proliferation and is associated with increased expression of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 in osteosarcoma. Mol Med Rep 2015; 13:713-9. [PMID: 26648125 PMCID: PMC4686061 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common type of malignant bone tumor in adolescents and young adults. However, current understanding of osteosarcomagenesis remains limited. In the present study, the role of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) in human osteosarcoma cell proliferation was investigated, and the possible pathways that contribute to FGFR1‑mediated osteosarcoma cell proliferation were examined using microarray analysis. The expression of FGFR1 in osteosarcoma tissues was assessed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. The results demonstrated that FGFR1 was markedly increased in osteosarcoma tissues, and that the overexpression of FGFR1 in MG63 cells significantly promoted cell proliferation, as observed using the cell viability assay. In addition, FGFR1‑mediated cell proliferation was closely associated with cell cycle re‑distribution, as determined by microarray analysis. Western blotting identified that the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) was correspondingly increased in response to the overexpression of FGFR1. These results indicated that FGFR1 contributes to cell proliferation in osteosarcoma MG63 cells, and FGFR1 mediated cell proliferation may be attributed to the regulation of the cell cycle regulator, CDK1. These findings provide evidence to support the potential use of molecule target therapy against FGFR1 as a promising strategy in osteosarcoma treatment and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Yue Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Song Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Ruijun Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Kunzheng Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
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28
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Wang Y, Huang C, Chintagari NR, Xi D, Weng T, Liu L. miR-124 regulates fetal pulmonary epithelial cell maturation. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 309:L400-13. [PMID: 26071557 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00356.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are a family of small noncoding RNAs that regulate the expression of their target proteins at the posttranscriptional level. Their functions cover almost every aspect of cell physiology. However, the roles of microRNAs in fetal lung development are not completely understood. The objective of this study is to investigate the regulation and molecular mechanisms of alveolar epithelial cell maturation during fetal lung development by miR-124. We discovered that miR-124 was downregulated during rat fetal lung development and predominantly expressed in the epithelial cells at late stage of the lung development. Overexpression of miR-124 with an adenovirus vector led to the inhibition of epithelial maturation in rat fetal lung organ cultures and fetal alveolar epithelial type II cells, as demonstrated by a decrease in the type II cell marker expression and an increase in glycogen content. We further demonstrated by luciferase reporter assays that miR-124 inhibited the NF-κB, cAMP/PKA, and MAPK/ERK pathways. In addition, nuclear factor I/B (NFIB), a critical protein in fetal lung maturation, was validated as a direct target of miR-124. Furthermore, miR-124 expression was induced by the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway through a direct interaction of LEF1 and the miR-124 promoter region. We concluded that miR-124 downregulation is critical to fetal lung epithelial maturation and miR-124 inhibits this maturation process at least partially through the inhibition of NFIB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Lundberg-Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma; and
| | - Chaoqun Huang
- Lundberg-Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma; and Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | - Narendranath Reddy Chintagari
- Lundberg-Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma; and
| | - Dong Xi
- Lundberg-Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma; and
| | - Tingting Weng
- Lundberg-Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma; and
| | - Lin Liu
- Lundberg-Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma; and Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
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Kraljevic D, Vukojevic K, Karan D, Rajic B, Todorovic J, Miskovic J, Tomic V, Kordic M, Soljic V. Proliferation, apoptosis and expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in human fetal lung. Acta Histochem 2015; 117:444-50. [PMID: 25722035 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Expression pattern of the Ki-67, caspase-3 and matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9) factors were immunohistochemically analyzed in 48 human fetal lungs from 12 to 40 weeks of gestation. The number of Ki-67 positive cells in the epithelium of canaliculare (88cells/mm(2)) and sacculare stage (93cells/mm(2)) were significantly higher than in the epithelium of pseudoglandular stage (12cells/mm(2)) (p=0.0008 vs. p=0.003). The number of Ki-67 positive cells in the mesenchyme of canaliculare stage (132cells/mm(2)) was significantly higher than in the mesenchyme of pseudoglandular stage (37cells/mm(2)) (p=0.001). The proliferation of mesenchymal cells was higher than the epithelial cells in all developmental stages, especially in the canaliculare stage (p=0.007). Similarly, the number of caspase-3 positive cells in the epithelium of canalicular stage (13cells/mm(2)) was significantly higher than in the epithelium of pseudoglandular stage (6cells/mm(2)) (p=0.002) with peaks in the conductive epithelium of canalicular stage. The number of caspase-3 positive cells in the mesenchyme of canaliculare stage (3cells/mm(2)) was significantly higher than in the mesenchyme of saccular stage (0cells/mm(2)) (p=0.05). There were no caspase-3 positive cells in the mesenchyme of pseudoglandular stage. However, unlike the Ki-67 expression, mesenchymal cells in comparison to epithelial cells express substantially less caspase-3 in all developmental stages. Up to the saccular stage, the expression of MMP-9 in mesenchymal cells showed a linear increase with most pronounced expression in that stage. The number of MMP-9 positive cells in the mesenchyme of canaliculare (20cells/mm(2)) and sacculare (39cells/mm(2)) stage were significantly higher than in the mesenchyme of pseudoglandular stage (12cells/mm(2)) (p=0.04 vs. p=0.004). The first epithelial cells that express MMP-9 were present only at the alveolar stage. Increased proliferation and apoptosis of the mesenchymal cells of canalicular stage is important for formation of definite structures within the stroma of the lung parenchyma. Although apoptosis in the epithelium is not pronounced as proliferation, it is important for thinning of the epithelium and consequent spread of respiratory tract. However in the saccular stage when mesenchyme disappears, MMP-9 expression is more important for primitive alveoli differentiation.
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Al Alam D, Danopoulos S, Schall K, Sala FG, Almohazey D, Fernandez GE, Georgia S, Frey MR, Ford HR, Grikscheit T, Bellusci S. Fibroblast growth factor 10 alters the balance between goblet and Paneth cells in the adult mouse small intestine. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2015; 308:G678-90. [PMID: 25721301 PMCID: PMC4398841 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00158.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial cell renewal relies on the right balance of epithelial cell migration, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Intestinal epithelial cells consist of absorptive and secretory lineage. The latter is comprised of goblet, Paneth, and enteroendocrine cells. Fibroblast growth factor 10 (FGF10) plays a central role in epithelial cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation in several organs. The expression pattern of FGF10 and its receptors in both human and mouse intestine and their role in small intestine have yet to be investigated. First, we analyzed the expression of FGF10, FGFR1, and FGFR2, in the human ileum and throughout the adult mouse small intestine. We found that FGF10, FGFR1b, and FGFR2b are expressed in the human ileum as well as in the mouse small intestine. We then used transgenic mouse models to overexpress Fgf10 and a soluble form of Fgfr2b, to study the impact of gain or loss of Fgf signaling in the adult small intestine. We demonstrated that overexpression of Fgf10 in vivo and in vitro induces goblet cell differentiation while decreasing Paneth cells. Moreover, FGF10 decreases stem cell markers such as Lgr5, Lrig1, Hopx, Ascl2, and Sox9. FGF10 inhibited Hes1 expression in vitro, suggesting that FGF10 induces goblet cell differentiation likely through the inhibition of Notch signaling. Interestingly, Fgf10 overexpression for 3 days in vivo and in vitro increased the number of Mmp7/Muc2 double-positive cells, suggesting that goblet cells replace Paneth cells. Further studies are needed to determine the mechanism by which Fgf10 alters cell differentiation in the small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Al Alam
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California;
| | - Soula Danopoulos
- 1Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; ,2Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California;
| | - Kathy Schall
- 1Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; ,2Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California;
| | - Frederic G. Sala
- 1Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; ,2Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California;
| | - Dana Almohazey
- 1Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; ,2Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California;
| | - G. Esteban Fernandez
- 1Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California;
| | - Senta Georgia
- 2Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California;
| | - Mark R. Frey
- 1Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; ,2Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California;
| | - Henri R. Ford
- 1Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; ,2Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California;
| | - Tracy Grikscheit
- 1Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; ,2Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California;
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- 1Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; ,2Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; ,3Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Giessen Lung Center and Member of the German Lung Center, Giessen, Germany; and ,4Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
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31
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Lahtela J, Pradhan B, Närhi K, Hemmes A, Särkioja M, Kovanen PE, Brown A, Verschuren EW. The putative tumor suppressor gene EphA3 fails to demonstrate a crucial role in murine lung tumorigenesis or morphogenesis. Dis Model Mech 2015; 8:393-401. [PMID: 25713296 PMCID: PMC4381338 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.019257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is based on histological analysis and molecular profiling of targetable driver oncogenes. Therapeutic responses are further defined by the landscape of passenger mutations, or loss of tumor suppressor genes. We report here a thorough study to address the physiological role of the putative lung cancer tumor suppressor EPH receptor A3 (EPHA3), a gene that is frequently mutated in human lung adenocarcinomas. Our data shows that homozygous or heterozygous loss of EphA3 does not alter the progression of murine adenocarcinomas that result from Kras mutation or loss of Trp53, and we detected negligible postnatal expression of EphA3 in adult wild-type lungs. Yet, EphA3 was expressed in the distal mesenchyme of developing mouse lungs, neighboring the epithelial expression of its Efna1 ligand; this is consistent with the known roles of EPH receptors in embryonic development. However, the partial loss of EphA3 leads only to subtle changes in epithelial Nkx2-1, endothelial Cd31 and mesenchymal Fgf10 RNA expression levels, and no macroscopic phenotypic effects on lung epithelial branching, mesenchymal cell proliferation, or abundance and localization of CD31-positive endothelia. The lack of a discernible lung phenotype in EphA3-null mice might indicate lack of an overt role for EPHA3 in the murine lung, or imply functional redundancy between EPHA receptors. Our study shows how biological complexity can challenge in vivo functional validation of mutations identified in sequencing efforts, and provides an incentive for the design of knock-in or conditional models to assign the role of EPHA3 mutation during lung tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenni Lahtela
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Barun Pradhan
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Katja Närhi
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Annabrita Hemmes
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Merja Särkioja
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Panu E Kovanen
- Department of Pathology, HUSLAB and Haartman Institute, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Arthur Brown
- Spinal Cord Injury Team, Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5K8, Canada
| | - Emmy W Verschuren
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland.
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Rochais F, Sturny R, Chao CM, Mesbah K, Bennett M, Mohun TJ, Bellusci S, Kelly RG. FGF10 promotes regional foetal cardiomyocyte proliferation and adult cardiomyocyte cell-cycle re-entry. Cardiovasc Res 2014; 104:432-42. [PMID: 25344367 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvu232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Cardiomyocyte proliferation gradually declines during embryogenesis resulting in severely limited regenerative capacities in the adult heart. Understanding the developmental processes controlling cardiomyocyte proliferation may thus identify new therapeutic targets to modulate the cell-cycle activity of cardiomyocytes in the adult heart. This study aims to determine the mechanism by which fibroblast growth factor 10 (FGF10) controls foetal cardiomyocyte proliferation and to test the hypothesis that FGF10 promotes the proliferative capacity of adult cardiomyocytes. METHODS AND RESULTS Analysis of Fgf10(-/-) hearts and primary cardiomyocyte cultures reveals that altered ventricular morphology is associated with impaired proliferation of right but not left-ventricular myocytes. Decreased FOXO3 phosphorylation associated with up-regulated p27(kip) (1) levels was observed specifically in the right ventricle of Fgf10(-/-) hearts. In addition, cell-type-specific expression analysis revealed that Fgf10 and its receptor, Fgfr2b, are expressed in cardiomyocytes and not cardiac fibroblasts, consistent with a cell-type autonomous role of FGF10 in regulating regional specific myocyte proliferation in the foetal heart. Furthermore, we demonstrate that in vivo overexpression of Fgf10 in adult mice promotes cardiomyocyte but not cardiac fibroblast cell-cycle re-entry. CONCLUSION FGF10 regulates regional cardiomyocyte proliferation in the foetal heart through a FOXO3/p27(kip1) pathway. In addition, FGF10 triggers cell-cycle re-entry of adult cardiomyocytes and is thus a potential target for cardiac repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Rochais
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS UMR 7288, IBDM, Campus de Luminy Case 907, Marseilles Cedex 9 13288, France
| | - Rachel Sturny
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS UMR 7288, IBDM, Campus de Luminy Case 907, Marseilles Cedex 9 13288, France
| | - Cho-Ming Chao
- Justus-Liebig-Universitaet Giessen, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Giessen, Germany
| | - Karim Mesbah
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS UMR 7288, IBDM, Campus de Luminy Case 907, Marseilles Cedex 9 13288, France
| | - Michael Bennett
- MRC National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, London, UK
| | - Tim J Mohun
- MRC National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, London, UK
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- Justus-Liebig-Universitaet Giessen, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Giessen, Germany Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya St 18, Kazan, 420008, Russia
| | - Robert G Kelly
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS UMR 7288, IBDM, Campus de Luminy Case 907, Marseilles Cedex 9 13288, France
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is a deadly disease because of late diagnosis and chemoresistance. We aimed to find a panel of serum cytokines representing diagnostic and predictive biomarkers for pancreatic cancer. METHODS A cytokine antibody array was performed to simultaneously identify 507 cytokines in sera of patients with pancreatic cancer and healthy controls. The nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test was used to pairwise compare the controls, the pretreated patients, and the posttreated patients. Fold changes greater than or equal to 1.5 or less than or equal to 1/1.5 were considered significant. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to assess the performance of the model. A leave-one-out cross-validation was used for estimating prediction error. RESULTS Comparing the sera of pretreated patients against the control samples, the cytokines fibroblast growth factor 10 (FGF-10/keratinocyte growth factor-2 (KGF-2), chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 11 interferon inducible T cell alpha chemokine (I-TAC)/chemokine [C-X-C motif] ligand 11 (CXCL11), oncostatin M (OSM), osteoactivin/glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B, and stem cell factor (SCF) were found significantly overexpressed. Besides, the cytokines CD30 ligand/tumor necrosis factor superfamily, member 8 (TNFSF8), chordin-like 2, FGF-10/KGF-2, growth/differentiation factor 15, I-TAC/CXCL11, OSM, and SCF were differentially expressed in response to treatment. CONCLUSIONS We propose a role for FGF-10/KGF-2, I-TAC/CXCL11, OSM, osteoactivin/glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B, and SCF as novel diagnostic biomarkers. CD30 ligand/TNFSF8, chordin-like 2, FGF-10/KGF-2, growth/differentiation factor 15, I-TAC/CXCL11, OSM, and SCF might represent as predictive biomarkers for gemcitabine and erlotinib response of patients with pancreatic cancer.
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El Agha E, Bellusci S. Walking along the Fibroblast Growth Factor 10 Route: A Key Pathway to Understand the Control and Regulation of Epithelial and Mesenchymal Cell-Lineage Formation during Lung Development and Repair after Injury. SCIENTIFICA 2014; 2014:538379. [PMID: 25298902 PMCID: PMC4178922 DOI: 10.1155/2014/538379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Basic research on embryonic lung development offers unique opportunities to make important discoveries that will impact human health. Developmental biologists interested in the molecular control of branching morphogenesis have intensively studied the developing lung, with its complex and seemingly stereotyped ramified structure. However, it is also an organ that is linked to a vast array of clinical problems in humans such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia in premature babies and emphysema, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, fibrosis, and cancer in adults. Epithelial stem/progenitor cells reside in niches where they interact with specific extracellular matrices as well as with mesenchymal cells; the latter are still poorly characterized. Interactions of epithelial stem/progenitor cells with their microenvironments are usually instructive, controlling quiescence versus activation, proliferation, differentiation, and migration. During the past 18 years, Fgf10 has emerged not only as a marker for the distal lung mesenchyme during early lung development, but also as a key player in branching morphogenesis and a critical component of the niche for epithelial stem cells. In this paper, we will present the current knowledge regarding the lineage tree in the lung, with special emphasis on cell-lineage decisions in the lung mesenchyme and the role of Fgf10 in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elie El Agha
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Klinikstraße 36, 35392 Giessen, Hessen, Germany
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 35392 Giessen, Hessen, Germany
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Klinikstraße 36, 35392 Giessen, Hessen, Germany
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 35392 Giessen, Hessen, Germany
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Program of the Saban Research Institute at Childrens Hospital Los Angeles and University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
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Tchaicha JH, Akbay EA, Altabef A, Mikse OR, Kikuchi E, Rhee K, Liao RG, Bronson RT, Sholl LM, Meyerson M, Hammerman PS, Wong KK. Kinase domain activation of FGFR2 yields high-grade lung adenocarcinoma sensitive to a Pan-FGFR inhibitor in a mouse model of NSCLC. Cancer Res 2014; 74:4676-84. [PMID: 25035393 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-3218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Somatic mutations in FGFR2 are present in 4% to 5% of patients diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Amplification and mutations in FGFR genes have been identified in patients with NSCLCs, and clinical trials are testing the efficacy of anti-FGFR therapies. FGFR2 and other FGFR kinase family gene alterations have been found in both lung squamous cell carcinoma and lung adenocarcinoma, although mouse models of FGFR-driven lung cancers have not been reported. Here, we generated a genetically engineered mouse model (GEMM) of NSCLC driven by a kinase domain mutation in FGFR2. Combined with p53 ablation, primary grade 3/4 adenocarcinoma was induced in the lung epithelial compartment exhibiting locally invasive and pleiotropic tendencies largely made up of multinucleated cells. Tumors were acutely sensitive to pan-FGFR inhibition. This is the first FGFR2-driven lung cancer GEMM, which can be applied across different cancer indications in a preclinical setting.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/drug therapy
- Adenocarcinoma/genetics
- Adenocarcinoma/metabolism
- Adenocarcinoma of Lung
- Animals
- Animals, Genetically Modified/genetics
- Animals, Genetically Modified/metabolism
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Humans
- Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mutation/drug effects
- Mutation/genetics
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2/genetics
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2/metabolism
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy H Tchaicha
- Department of Medicine, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Ludwig Institute for Cancer, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Esra A Akbay
- Department of Medicine, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Ludwig Institute for Cancer, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Abigail Altabef
- Department of Medicine, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. Ludwig Institute for Cancer, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Oliver R Mikse
- Department of Medicine, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Ludwig Institute for Cancer, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Eiki Kikuchi
- Department of Medicine, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Ludwig Institute for Cancer, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Kevin Rhee
- Department of Medicine, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. Ludwig Institute for Cancer, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Rachel G Liao
- Department of Medicine, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. The Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Roderick T Bronson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Division of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lynette M Sholl
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Matthew Meyerson
- Department of Medicine, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. The Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Peter S Hammerman
- Department of Medicine, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. The Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
| | - Kwok-Kin Wong
- Department of Medicine, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Ludwig Institute for Cancer, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Belfer Institute for Applied Cancer Science, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Yang J, Chen J. Developmental programs of lung epithelial progenitors: a balanced progenitor model. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2014; 3:331-47. [PMID: 25124755 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The daunting task of lung epithelium development is to transform a cluster of foregut progenitors into a three-dimensional (3D) tubular network with distinct cell types distributed at their appropriate locations. A complete understanding of lung development needs to address not only how, but also where, different cell types form. We propose that the lung epithelium forms through regulated deployment of three developmental programs: branching morphogenesis to expand progenitors and build a tree-like tubular network, airway differentiation to specify cells for the proximal conducting airways, and alveolar differentiation to specify cells for the peripheral gas exchange region. Each developmental program has its unique morphological features and molecular control mechanisms; their spatiotemporal coordination can be accounted for in a balanced progenitor model where progenitors balance between alternative developmental programs in response to spatiotemporal cues. This model integrates progenitor morphogenesis and differentiation, and provides new insights to lung immaturity in preterm birth and lung evolution. Advanced gene targeting and 3D imaging tools are needed to achieve a comprehensive understanding of lung epithelial progenitors on molecular, cellular, and morphological levels. For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website. CONFLICT OF INTEREST The authors have declared no conflicts of interest for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Human marrow stromal cells downsize the stem cell fraction of lung cancers by fibroblast growth factor 10. Mol Cell Biol 2014; 34:2848-56. [PMID: 24865969 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00871-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The functional interplay between cancer cells and marrow stromal cells (MSCs) has attracted a great deal of interest due to the MSC tropism for tumors but remains to be fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated human MSC-secreted paracrine factors that appear to have critical functions in cancer stem cell subpopulations. We show that MSC-conditioned medium reduced the cancer stem cell-enriched subpopulation, which was detected as a side population and quiescent (G0) cell cycle fraction in human lung cancer cells by virtue of fibroblast growth factor 10 (FGF10). This reduction of the stem cell-enriched fraction was also observed in lung cancer cells supplemented with recombinant human FGF10 protein. Moreover, supplementary FGF10 attenuated the expression of stemness genes encoding transcription factors, such as OCT3/4 and SOX2, and crippled the self-renewal capacity of lung cancer cells, as evidenced by the impaired formation of floating spheres in the suspension culture. We finally confirmed the therapeutic potential of the FGF10 treatment, which rendered lung cancer cells prone to a chemotherapeutic agent, probably due to the reduced cancer stem cell subpopulation. Collectively, these results add further clarification to the molecular mechanisms underlying MSC-mediated cancer cell kinetics, facilitating the development of future therapies.
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Volckaert T, De Langhe S. Lung epithelial stem cells and their niches: Fgf10 takes center stage. FIBROGENESIS & TISSUE REPAIR 2014; 7:8. [PMID: 24891877 PMCID: PMC4041638 DOI: 10.1186/1755-1536-7-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Throughout life adult animals crucially depend on stem cell populations to maintain and repair their tissues to ensure life-long organ function. Stem cells are characterized by their capacity to extensively self-renew and give rise to one or more differentiated cell types. These powerful stem cell properties are key to meet the changing demand for tissue replacement during normal lung homeostasis and regeneration after lung injury. Great strides have been made over the last few years to identify and characterize lung epithelial stem cells as well as their lineage relationships. Unfortunately, knowledge on what regulates the behavior and fate specification of lung epithelial stem cells is still limited, but involves communication with their microenvironment or niche, a local tissue environment that hosts and influences the behaviors or characteristics of stem cells and that comprises other cell types and extracellular matrix. As such, an intimate and dynamic epithelial-mesenchymal cross-talk, which is also essential during lung development, is required for normal homeostasis and to mount an appropriate regenerative response after lung injury. Fibroblast growth factor 10 (Fgf10) signaling in particular seems to be a well-conserved signaling pathway governing epithelial-mesenchymal interactions during lung development as well as between different adult lung epithelial stem cells and their niches. On the other hand, disruption of these reciprocal interactions leads to a dysfunctional epithelial stem cell-niche unit, which may culminate in chronic lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), chronic asthma and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Volckaert
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cell Biology, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson St, Denver, CO 80206, USA ; The Inflammation Research Center, Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Ghent, Belgium ; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stijn De Langhe
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cell Biology, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson St, Denver, CO 80206, USA ; Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, 12605 E 16th Avenue, Aurora CO 80045, USA
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Utley S, James D, Mavila N, Nguyen MV, Vendryes C, Salisbury SM, Phan J, Wang KS. Fibroblast growth factor signaling regulates the expansion of A6-expressing hepatocytes in association with AKT-dependent β-catenin activation. J Hepatol 2014; 60:1002-9. [PMID: 24365171 PMCID: PMC3995894 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2013.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 12/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Fibroblast Growth Factors (FGFs) promote the proliferation and survival of hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs) via AKT-dependent β-catenin activation. Moreover, the emergence of hepatocytes expressing the HPC marker A6 during 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC)-induced liver injury is mediated partly by FGF and β-catenin signaling. Herein, we investigate the role of FGF signaling and AKT-mediated β-catenin activation in acute DDC liver injury. METHODS Transgenic mice were fed DDC chow for 14days concurrent with either Fgf10 over-expression or inhibition of FGF signaling via expression of soluble dominant-negative FGF Receptor (R)-2IIIb. RESULTS After 14days of DDC treatment, there was an increase in periportal cells expressing FGFR1, FGFR2, and AKT-activated phospho-Serine 552 (pSer552) β-Catenin in association with up-regulation of genes encoding the FGFR2IIIb ligands, Fgf7, Fgf10, and Fgf22. In response to Fgf10 over-expression, there was an increase in the number of pSer552-β-Catenin((positive)+ive) periportal cells as well as cells co-positive for A6 and hepatocyte marker, Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor-4α (HNF4α). A similar expansion of A6(+ive) cells was observed after Fgf10 over-expression with regular chow and after partial hepatectomy during ethanol toxicity. Inhibition of FGF signaling increased the periportal A6(+ive)HNF4α(+ive) cell population while reducing centrolobular A6(+ive) HNF4α(+ive) cells. AKT inhibition with Wortmannin attenuated FGF10-mediated A6(+ive)HNF4α(+ive) cell expansion. In vitro analyses using FGF10 treated HepG2 cells demonstrated AKT-mediated β-Catenin activation but not enhanced cell migration. CONCLUSIONS During acute DDC treatment, FGF signaling promotes the expansion of A6-expressing liver cells partly via AKT-dependent activation of β-Catenin expansion of A6(+ive) periportal cells and possibly by reprogramming of centrolobular hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Utley
- Saban Research Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
,Integrative Biology of Diseases, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - David James
- Saban Research Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Nirmala Mavila
- Saban Research Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Marie V. Nguyen
- Saban Research Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Christopher Vendryes
- Saban Research Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - S. Michael Salisbury
- Saban Research Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Jennifer Phan
- Saban Research Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Kasper S. Wang
- Saban Research Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
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Bi J, Tong L, Zhu X, Yang D, Bai C, Song Y, She J. Keratinocyte growth factor-2 intratracheal instillation significantly attenuates ventilator-induced lung injury in rats. J Cell Mol Med 2014; 18:1226-35. [PMID: 24650242 PMCID: PMC4508161 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Preservation or restoration of normal alveolar epithelial barrier function is crucial for pulmonary oedema resolution. Keratinocyte growth factor-2 (KGF-2), a potent epithelial cell mitogen, may have a role in preventing ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI), which occurs frequently in mechanically ventilated patients. The aim of the study was to test the role of KGF-2 in VILI in rats. Forty healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated into four groups, where rats in Groups HVZP (high-volume zero positive end-expiratory pressure) and HVZP+KGF-2 were given intratracheally equal PBS and 5 mg/kg KGF-2 72 hrs before 4 hrs HVZP ventilation (20 ml/kg), respectively, while PBS and KGF-2 were administered in the same manner in Groups Control and KGF-2, which underwent tracheotomy only with spontaneous breathing. Inflammatory cytokines (tumour necrosis factor-α, macrophage inflammatory protein 2), neutrophil and total protein levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and surfactant protein mRNA expression in lung tissue were detected; the number of alveolar type II cells, lung water content and lung morphology were also evaluated. The results indicate that pre-treatment with KGF-2 showed dramatic improvement in lung oedema and inflammation compared with HVZP alone, together with increased surfactant protein mRNA and alveolar type II cells. Our results suggest that KGF-2 might be considered a promising prevention for human VILI or other acute lung injury diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Bi
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Volckaert T, Campbell A, Dill E, Li C, Minoo P, De Langhe S. Localized Fgf10 expression is not required for lung branching morphogenesis but prevents differentiation of epithelial progenitors. Development 2013; 140:3731-42. [PMID: 23924632 DOI: 10.1242/dev.096560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Localized Fgf10 expression in the distal mesenchyme adjacent to sites of lung bud formation has long been thought to drive stereotypic branching morphogenesis even though isolated lung epithelium branches in the presence of non-directional exogenous Fgf10 in Matrigel. Here, we show that lung agenesis in Fgf10 knockout mice can be rescued by ubiquitous overexpression of Fgf10, indicating that precisely localized Fgf10 expression is not required for lung branching morphogenesis in vivo. Fgf10 expression in the mesenchyme itself is regulated by Wnt signaling. Nevertheless, we found that during lung initiation simultaneous overexpression of Fgf10 is not sufficient to rescue the absence of primary lung field specification in embryos overexpressing Dkk1, a secreted inhibitor of Wnt signaling. However, after lung initiation, simultaneous overexpression of Fgf10 in lungs overexpressing Dkk1 is able to rescue defects in branching and proximal-distal differentiation. We also show that Fgf10 prevents the differentiation of distal epithelial progenitors into Sox2-expressing airway epithelial cells in part by activating epithelial β-catenin signaling, which negatively regulates Sox2 expression. As such, these findings support a model in which the main function of Fgf10 during lung development is to regulate proximal-distal differentiation. As the lung buds grow out, proximal epithelial cells become further and further displaced from the distal source of Fgf10 and differentiate into bronchial epithelial cells. Interestingly, our data presented here show that once epithelial cells are committed to the Sox2-positive airway epithelial cell fate, Fgf10 prevents ciliated cell differentiation and promotes basal cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Volckaert
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cell Biology, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA
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42
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Yin Y, Betsuyaku T, Garbow JR, Miao J, Govindan R, Ornitz DM. Rapid induction of lung adenocarcinoma by fibroblast growth factor 9 signaling through FGF receptor 3. Cancer Res 2013; 73:5730-41. [PMID: 23867472 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-0495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGF) are expressed in many non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) primary tumors and derived cell lines, and mutations in FGF receptor 3 (FGFR3) have been identified in human lung adenocarcinoma. FGF9 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of NSCLC by synergizing with EGFR pathways or by providing an escape pathway mediating resistance to EGFR inhibition. To model pathogenic mechanisms mediated by FGF signals, we have established a mouse model in which FGF9 expression can be induced in adult lung epithelium. Here, we show that induced expression of FGF9 in adult lung leads to the rapid proliferation of distal airway epithelial cells that express the stem cell marker, Sca-1, and the proximal and distal epithelial markers, Sftpc and CC10, the rapid formation of Sftpc-positive adenocarcinomas, and eventual metastasis in some mice. Furthermore, we have identified FGFR3 as the obligate receptor mediating the FGF9 oncogenic signal. These results identify an FGF9-FGFR3 signal as a primary oncogenic pathway for lung adenocarcinoma and suggest that this pathway could be exploited for customized therapeutic applications for both primary tumors and those that have acquired resistance to inhibition of other signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Yin
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Developmental Biology, Radiology, and Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri; Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; and Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, China Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Rubin N, Darehzereshki A, Bellusci S, Kaartinen V, Ling Lien C. FGF10 Signaling Enhances Epicardial Cell Expansion during Neonatal Mouse Heart Repair. JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES & DIAGNOSIS 2013; 1:101. [PMID: 25914893 PMCID: PMC4407283 DOI: 10.4172/2329-9517.1000101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Unlike zebrafish and newt hearts, mammalian hearts have limited capacity to regenerate. Upon injury or disease, the adult mammalian hearts form a fibrotic scar. Recently, it was shown that neonatal mouse hearts can regenerate similarly to adult zebrafish hearts. However, this capacity quickly decreases after postnatal day 7 (P7). Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying neonatal heart regeneration might lead to therapeutic approaches for regenerating adult mammalian hearts. In this study, we utilized an inducible transgenic mouse model to determine the effects of FGF10 growth factor over expression on neonatal mouse heart regeneration/repair. Over expression of FGF10 in myocardium enhanced the expansion of Wt1 positive epicardial cells at 21 days after heart injury through increased proliferation. However, this expansion of epicardial cells did not lead to increased epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or affect fibroblast formation or fibrosis, as seen by vimentin expression, after heart injury. Furthermore, neither continuous nor transient expression of FGF10 did not affect scar thickness or length after heart injury in neonatal hearts. Our results suggest that FGF10 can regulate epicardial cell expansion of neonatal mouse hearts after injury; however, FGF10 alone is not sufficient to cause beneficial effects on heart repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Rubin
- Heart Institute and Program of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, USA
- The Saban Research Institute of Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, USA
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, USA
| | - Ali Darehzereshki
- Heart Institute and Program of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, USA
- The Saban Research Institute of Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, USA
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Giessen Lung Center, Giessen, Germany
| | - Vesa Kaartinen
- Department of Biological and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ching Ling Lien
- Heart Institute and Program of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, USA
- The Saban Research Institute of Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, USA
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, USA
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44
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Glasser SW, Senft AP, Maxfield MD, Ruetschilling TL, Baatz JE, Page K, Korfhagen TR. Genetic replacement of surfactant protein-C reduces respiratory syncytial virus induced lung injury. Respir Res 2013; 14:19. [PMID: 23399055 PMCID: PMC3598668 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-14-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Individuals with deficiencies of pulmonary surfactant protein C (SP-C) develop interstitial lung disease (ILD) that is exacerbated by viral infections including respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). SP-C gene targeted mice (Sftpc -/-) lack SP-C, develop an ILD-like disease and are susceptible to infection with RSV. Methods In order to determine requirements for correction of RSV induced injury we have generated compound transgenic mice where SP-C expression can be induced on the Sftpc -/- background (SP-C/Sftpc -/-) by the administration of doxycycline (dox). The pattern of induced SP-C expression was determined by immunohistochemistry and processing by Western blot analysis. Tissue and cellular inflammation was measured following RSV infection and the RSV-induced cytokine response of isolated Sftpc +/+ and -/- type II cells determined. Results After 5 days of dox administration transgene SP-C mRNA expression was detected by RT-PCR in the lungs of two independent lines of bitransgenic SP-C/Sftpc -/- mice (lines 55.3 and 54.2). ProSP-C was expressed in the lung, and mature SP-C was detected by Western blot analysis of the lavage fluid from both lines of SP-C/Sftpc -/- mice. Induced SP-C expression was localized to alveolar type II cells by immunostaining with an antibody to proSP-C. Line 55.3 SP-C/Sftpc -/- mice were maintained on or off dox for 7 days and infected with 2.6x107 RSV pfu. On day 3 post RSV infection total inflammatory cell counts were reduced in the lavage of dox treated 55.3 SP-C/Sftpc -/- mice (p = 0.004). The percentage of neutrophils was reduced (p = 0.05). The viral titers of lung homogenates from dox treated 55.3 SP-C/Sftpc -/- mice were decreased relative to 55.3 SP-C/Sftpc -/- mice without dox (p = 0.01). The cytokine response of Sftpc -/- type II cells to RSV was increased over that of Sftpc +/+ cells. Conclusions Transgenic restoration of SP-C reduced inflammation and improved viral clearance in the lungs of SP-C deficient mice. The loss of SP-C in alveolar type II cells compromises their response to infection. These findings show that the restoration of SP-C in Sftpc -/- mice in response to RSV infection is a useful model to determine parameters for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan W Glasser
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Perinatal Institute, Division of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, MLC7029, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA.
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45
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CDC42 is required for structural patterning of the lung during development. Dev Biol 2012; 374:46-57. [PMID: 23219958 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2012.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2012] [Revised: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 11/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The formation of highly branched epithelial structures is critical for the development of many essential organs, including lung, liver, pancreas, kidney and mammary glands. Elongation and branching of these structures require precise control of complex morphogenetic processes that are dependent upon coordinate regulation of cell shape, apical-basal polarity, proliferation, migration, and interactions among multiple cell types. Herein, we demonstrate that temporal-spatial regulation of epithelial cell polarity by the small GTPase, CDC42, is essential for branching morphogenesis of the developing lung. Epithelial cell-specific deletion of CDC42 in fetal mice disrupted epithelial cell polarity, the actin cytoskeleton, intercellular contacts, directional trafficking of proteins, proliferation and mitotic spindle orientation, impairing the organization and patterning of the developing respiratory epithelium and adjacent mesenchyme. Transition from a pseudostratified to a simple columnar epithelium was impaired, consistent with coordinate dysregulation of epithelial cell polarity, mitotic spindle orientation, and repositioning of mitotic cells within the epithelium during cell cycle progression. Expression of sonic hedgehog and its receptor, patched-1, was decreased, while fibroblast growth factor 10 expression in the mesenchyme was expanded, resulting in disruption of branching morphogenesis and bronchiolar smooth muscle formation in this model. CDC42 is required for spatial positioning of proliferating epithelial cells, as well as signaling interactions between the epithelium and mesenchyme and is, therefore, essential for formation and maintenance of the respiratory tract during morphogenesis of the fetal lung.
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46
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Speer AL, Alam DA, Sala FG, Ford HR, Bellusci S, Grikscheit TC. Fibroblast growth factor 10-fibroblast growth factor receptor 2b mediated signaling is not required for adult glandular stomach homeostasis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e49127. [PMID: 23133671 PMCID: PMC3486796 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The signaling pathways that are essential for gastric organogenesis have been studied in some detail; however, those that regulate the maintenance of the gastric epithelium during adult homeostasis remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of Fibroblast growth factor 10 (FGF10) and its main receptor, Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2b (FGFR2b), in adult glandular stomach homeostasis. We first showed that mouse adult glandular stomach expressed Fgf10, its receptors, Fgfr1b and Fgfr2b, and most of the other FGFR2b ligands (Fgf1, Fgf7, Fgf22) except for Fgf3 and Fgf20. Fgf10 expression was mesenchymal whereas FGFR1 and FGFR2 expression were mostly epithelial. Studying double transgenic mice that allow inducible overexpression of Fgf10 in adult mice, we showed that Fgf10 overexpression in normal adult glandular stomach increased epithelial proliferation, drove mucous neck cell differentiation, and reduced parietal and chief cell differentiation. Although a similar phenotype can be associated with the development of metaplasia, we found that Fgf10 overexpression for a short duration does not cause metaplasia. Finally, investigating double transgenic mice that allow the expression of a soluble form of Fgfr2b, FGF10's main receptor, which acts as a dominant negative, we found no significant changes in gastric epithelial proliferation or differentiation in the mutants. Our work provides evidence, for the first time, that the FGF10-FGFR2b signaling pathway is not required for epithelial proliferation and differentiation during adult glandular stomach homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison L. Speer
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Department of Pediatric Surgery/Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Denise Al Alam
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Department of Pediatric Surgery/Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Frederic G. Sala
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Department of Pediatric Surgery/Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Henri R. Ford
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Department of Pediatric Surgery/Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Department of Pediatric Surgery/Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- University of Giessen Lung Center, Department of Internal Medicine II, Giessen, Germany
| | - Tracy C. Grikscheit
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Department of Pediatric Surgery/Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Fang X, Bai C, Wang X. Potential clinical application of KGF-2 (FGF-10) for acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2012; 3:797-805. [PMID: 22111782 DOI: 10.1586/ecp.10.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is an acute life-threatening form of hypoxemic respiratory failure with a high mortality rate, and there is still a great need for more effective therapies for such a severe and lethal disease. Dysfunction of endothelial and epithelial barriers is one of the most important mechanisms in hypoxia-associated ALI/ARDS. The acceleration of the epithelial repair process in the injured lung may provide an effective therapeutic target. KGF-2, a potent alveolar epithelial cell mitogen, plays an important role in organ morphogenesis and epithelial differentiation, and modulates a variety of mechanisms recognized to be important in alveolar repair and resolution in ALI/ARDS. Preclinical and clinical studies have suggested that KGF-2 may be the candidate of novel therapies for alveolar epithelial damage during ALI/ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocong Fang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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48
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Pan J, Zhang Q, Xiong D, Vedell P, Yan Y, Jiang H, Cui P, Ding F, Tichelaar JW, Wang Y, Lubet RA, You M. Transcriptomic analysis by RNA-seq reveals AP-1 pathway as key regulator that green tea may rely on to inhibit lung tumorigenesis. Mol Carcinog 2012; 53:19-29. [PMID: 24343902 DOI: 10.1002/mc.21941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Revised: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Green tea is a promising chemopreventive agent for lung cancer. Multiple signaling events have been reported, however, the relative importance of these mechanisms in mediating the chemopreventive function of green tea is unclear. In the present study, to examine the involvement of AP-1 in green tea polyphenols induced tumor inhibition, human NSCLC cell line H1299 and mouse SPON 10 cells were identified as AP-1 dependent, as these two lines exhibit high constitutive AP-1 activity, and when TAM67 expression was induced with doxycycline, cell growth was inhibited and correlated with suppressed AP-1 activity. RNA-seq was used to determine the global transcriptional effects of AP-1 inhibition and also uncover the possible involvement of AP-1 in tea polyphenols induced chemoprevention. TAM67 mediated changes in gene expression were identified, and within down-regulated genes, AP-1 was identified as a key transcription regulator. RNA-seq analysis revealed that Polyphenon E-treated cells shared 293 commonly down-regulated genes within TAM67 expressing H1299 cells, and by analysis of limited Chip-seq data, over 10% of the down-regulated genes contain a direct AP-1 binding site, indicating that Polyphenon E elicits chemopreventive activity by regulating AP-1 target genes. Conditional TAM67 expressing transgenic mice and NSCLC cell lines were used to further confirm that the chemopreventive activity of green tea is AP-1 dependent. Polyphenon E lost its chempreventive function both in vitro and in vivo when AP-1 was inhibited, indicating that AP-1 inhibition is a major pathway through which green tea exhibits chemopreventive effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Pan
- Department of Surgery, The Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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Masunaga A, Nagashio R, Iwamoto S, Takeyama N, Sato Y, Miyazaki A, Mitsuya T. A case of pulmonary papillary adenoma: possible relationship between tumor histogenesis/tumorigenesis and fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 IIIb. Pathol Int 2012; 62:640-5. [PMID: 22924850 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.2012.02841.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary papillary adenoma is a rare tumor. We analyzed a tumor which appeared in a 16-year-old Japanese woman. The tumor histologically showed papillary proliferation of one-layered tumor cells coating inflammatory fibrovascular cores. At the periphery of the tumor, the tumor cells grew in a lepidic fashion. The tumor cells were confirmed as type-II pneumocytes with electron-microscope. In this study, using immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, we examined the expressions and quantities of fibroblast growth factor 10 (FGF10), keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) and fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) IIIb, based on the extent of their abilities of proliferation and differentiation of type II pneumocytes. The tumor cells expressed FGFR 2 and produced 350 times more FGFR2IIIb messenger RNA (mRNA) than did the nontumorous lung. The quantity of KGF mRNA in the tumor tissue was twice that of the nontumorous lung. Moreover, there was dysregulation of FGFR2IIIb transcription in the tumor. According to these findings, we expect overexpression of FGFR2IIIb to play an important role in causing tumor. Because FGFR is suspected to be connected with lung carcinoma, we also treat similar tumorigenesis via FGFR as carcinoma; complete resection of adenoma might be indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Masunaga
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Japan.
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Hadchouel-Duvergé A, Lezmi G, de Blic J, Delacourt C. [Congenital lung malformations: natural history and pathophysiological mechanisms]. Rev Mal Respir 2012; 29:601-11. [PMID: 22542416 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2011.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2011] [Accepted: 09/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Congenital lung lesions comprise a broad spectrum of various malformations including congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM), bronchopulmonary sequestration (BPS), congenital lobar emphysema, bronchial atresia and bronchogenic cyst. This review aims at the description of their natural history, and of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. STATE OF THE ART Congenital lung lesions are frequently diagnosed antenatally and many remain asymptomatic after birth. In the absence of antenatal identification, they are usually revealed by the occurrence of infection. In some cases, spontaneous resolution of the malformation can occur. Different pathogenic hypotheses are discussed for the origin of these abnormalities, and common processes appear likely to all of these malformations. Factors involved in the process of branching seem to play a particularly important role. PERSPECTIVES Prospective follow-up of operated and unoperated children would complete our knowledge about the natural history of these lesions. The contribution of experimental models has led to advances in the understanding of pathogenic mechanisms. Further studies are needed to identify the factors initiating the malformative process.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hadchouel-Duvergé
- Service de pneumologie et d'allergologie pédiatriques, hôpital Necker-Enfants-Malades, 149 rue de Sévres, Paris cedex 15, France
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