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Gómez-Hernández A, de las Heras N, Gálvez BG, Fernández-Marcelo T, Fernández-Millán E, Escribano Ó. New Mediators in the Crosstalk between Different Adipose Tissues. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4659. [PMID: 38731880 PMCID: PMC11083914 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a multifunctional organ that regulates many physiological processes such as energy homeostasis, nutrition, the regulation of insulin sensitivity, body temperature, and immune response. In this review, we highlight the relevance of the different mediators that control adipose tissue activity through a systematic review of the main players present in white and brown adipose tissues. Among them, inflammatory mediators secreted by the adipose tissue, such as classical adipokines and more recent ones, elements of the immune system infiltrated into the adipose tissue (certain cell types and interleukins), as well as the role of intestinal microbiota and derived metabolites, have been reviewed. Furthermore, anti-obesity mediators that promote the activation of beige adipose tissue, e.g., myokines, thyroid hormones, amino acids, and both long and micro RNAs, are exhaustively examined. Finally, we also analyze therapeutic strategies based on those mediators that have been described to date. In conclusion, novel regulators of obesity, such as microRNAs or microbiota, are being characterized and are promising tools to treat obesity in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almudena Gómez-Hernández
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.-H.); (B.G.G.); (T.F.-M.); (E.F.-M.)
| | - Natalia de las Heras
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Beatriz G. Gálvez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.-H.); (B.G.G.); (T.F.-M.); (E.F.-M.)
| | - Tamara Fernández-Marcelo
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.-H.); (B.G.G.); (T.F.-M.); (E.F.-M.)
| | - Elisa Fernández-Millán
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.-H.); (B.G.G.); (T.F.-M.); (E.F.-M.)
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Óscar Escribano
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.-H.); (B.G.G.); (T.F.-M.); (E.F.-M.)
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Al Ashmar S, Anwardeen NR, Anlar GG, Pedersen S, Elrayess MA, Zeidan A. Metabolomic profiling reveals key metabolites associated with hypertension progression. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1284114. [PMID: 38390445 PMCID: PMC10881871 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1284114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pre-hypertension is a prevalent condition among the adult population worldwide. It is characterized by asymptomatic elevations in blood pressure beyond normal levels but not yet reaching the threshold for hypertension. If left uncontrolled, pre-hypertension can progress to hypertension, thereby increasing the risk of serious complications such as heart disease, stroke, kidney damage, and others. Objective The precise mechanisms driving the progression of hypertension remain unknown. Thus, identifying the metabolic changes associated with this condition can provide valuable insights into potential markers or pathways implicated in the development of hypertension. Methods In this study, we utilized untargeted metabolomics profiling, which examines over 1,000 metabolites to identify novel metabolites contributing to the progression from pre-hypertension to hypertension. Data were collected from 323 participants through Qatar Biobank. Results By comparing metabolic profiles between pre-hypertensive, hypertensive and normotensive individuals, six metabolites including stearidonate, hexadecadienoate, N6-carbamoylthreonyladenosine, 9 and 13-S-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (HODE), 2,3-dihydroxy-5-methylthio- 4-pentenoate (DMTPA), and linolenate were found to be associated with increased risk of hypertension, in both discovery and validation cohorts. Moreover, these metabolites showed a significant diagnostic performance with area under curve >0.7. Conclusion These findings suggest possible biomarkers that can predict the risk of progression from pre-hypertension to hypertension. This will aid in early detection, diagnosis, and management of this disease as well as its associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Al Ashmar
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Gulsen Guliz Anlar
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shona Pedersen
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohamed A Elrayess
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Asad Zeidan
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Li X, Zhang Y, Ding X, Jin Y, Wei C, Xu J. Mass Spectrometry Chromatography-Based Metabolomics: The Effect of Long-Term Aerobic Exercise on Learning Ability and the Metabolism of Intestinal Contents in Mice with Alzheimer's Disease. Metabolites 2023; 13:1150. [PMID: 37999246 PMCID: PMC10673277 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13111150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of long-term aerobic exercise on the metabolism of intestinal contents in APP/PS1 mice was studied using a non-targeted metabolomics technique based on high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) coupling, providing a theoretical basis for exercise to regulate the metabolism of Alzheimer's disease (AD) organisms. Three-month-old male C57BL/6JNju mice, six wild-type (NC, n = 6); 12 APP/PS1 double transgenic species in total, were randomly divided into AD model (AM, n = 6) and AD model exercise (AE, n = 6) groups. The mice in the NC group were fed naturally, the mice in the AM group were statically placed on a running platform, and the mice in the AE group received a 20-week long-term moderate intensity running platform exercise intervention. Following the exercise intervention, the cecum contents of the mice in each group were collected and analyzed using the HPLC-MS technique, with those meeting both variable important in projection (VIP)> 1.5 and p < 0.05 being screened as differential metabolites. A total of 32 different metabolites were detected between the AM and NC groups, with 19 up-regulated in the AM group such as phosphatidic acid (PA) (18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/21:0) and 13 down-regulated in the AM group, such as 4,8-dimethylnonanoyl, compared to the NC group; 98 different metabolites were found between the AM and AE groups, 41 of which were upregulated such as Lyso phosphatidylcholine (LysoPC) and 57 of which were downregulated compared to the AM group such as Phosphatidylinositol (PI). The regulation of linoleic acid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, bile secretion, phenylalanine metabolism, and other pathways was predominantly regulated by nine metabolites, which were subsequently identified as indicators of exercise intervention to enhance metabolism in AD mice. The metabolomic technique can identify the metabolic problems of intestinal contents in AD mice and initially screen the biomarkers of exercise to improve the metabolic disorders in AD. These findings can help us better understand the impact of aerobic exercise on AD metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Y.Z.); (X.D.); (Y.J.); (C.W.); (J.X.)
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Jones AW, Mironas A, Mur LAJ, Beckmann M, Thatcher R, Davison G. Vitamin D status modulates innate immune responses and metabolomic profiles following acute prolonged cycling. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:2977-2990. [PMID: 37458775 PMCID: PMC10468936 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03181-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The influence of vitamin D status on exercise-induced immune dysfunction remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of vitamin D status (circulating 25(OH)D) on innate immune responses and metabolomic profiles to prolonged exercise. METHODS Twenty three healthy, recreationally active males (age 25 ± 7 years; maximal oxygen uptake [[Formula: see text]max] 56 ± 9 mL·kg-1·min-1), classified as being deficient (n = 7) or non-deficient n = 16) according to plasma concentrations of 25(OH)D, completed 2.5 h of cycling at 15% Δ (~ 55-60% [Formula: see text]max). Venous blood and unstimulated saliva samples were obtained before and after exercise. RESULTS Participants with deficient plasma 25(OH)D on average had lower total lymphocyte count (mean difference [95% confidence interval], 0.5 cells × 109 L [0.1, 0.9]), p = 0.013) and greater neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio (1.3 cells × 109 L, [0.1, 2.5], p = 0.033). The deficient group experienced reductions from pre-exercise to 1 h post-exercise (- 43% [- 70, - 15], p = 0.003) in bacterial stimulated elastase in blood neutrophils compared to non-deficient participants (1% [- 20, 21], p = 1.000) Multivariate analyses of plasma metabolomic profiles showed a clear separation of participants according to vitamin D status. Prominent sources of variation between groups were purine/pyrimidine catabolites, inflammatory markers (linoleic acid pathway), lactate and tyrosine/adrenaline. CONCLUSION These findings provide evidence of the influence of vitamin D status on exercise-induced changes in parameters of innate immune defence and metabolomic signatures such as markers of inflammation and metabolic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arwel W Jones
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK.
- Respiratory Research@Alfred, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Adrian Mironas
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - Luis A J Mur
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - Manfred Beckmann
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - Rhys Thatcher
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - Glen Davison
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Division of Natural Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
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Félix-Soriano E, Stanford KI. Exerkines and redox homeostasis. Redox Biol 2023; 63:102748. [PMID: 37247469 PMCID: PMC10236471 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise physiology has gained increasing interest due to its wide effects to promote health. Recent years have seen a growth in this research field also due to the finding of several circulating factors that mediate the effects of exercise. These factors, termed exerkines, are metabolites, growth factors, and cytokines secreted by main metabolic organs during exercise to regulate exercise systemic and tissue-specific effects. The metabolic effects of exerkines have been broadly explored and entail a promising target to modulate beneficial effects of exercise in health and disease. However, exerkines also have broad effects to modulate redox signaling and homeostasis in several cellular processes to improve stress response. Since redox biology is central to exercise physiology, this review summarizes current evidence for the cross-talk between redox biology and exerkines actions. The role of exerkines in redox biology entails a response to oxidative stress-induced pathological cues to improve health outcomes and to modulate exercise adaptations that integrate redox signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Félix-Soriano
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kristin I Stanford
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Meng J, Huang F, Shi J, Zhang C, Feng L, Wang S, Li H, Guo Y, Hu X, Li X, He W, Cheng J, Wu Y. Integrated biomarker profiling of the metabolome associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus among Tibetan in China. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2023; 15:146. [PMID: 37393287 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-023-01124-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metabolomic signatures of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Tibetan Chinese population, a group with high diabetes burden, remain largely unclear. Identifying the serum metabolite profile of Tibetan T2DM (T-T2DM) individuals may provide novel insights into early T2DM diagnosis and intervention. METHODS Hence, we conducted untargeted metabolomics analysis of plasma samples from a retrospective cohort study with 100 healthy controls and 100 T-T2DM patients by using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS The T-T2DM group had significant metabolic alterations that are distinct from known diabetes risk indicators, such as body mass index, fasting plasma glucose, and glycosylated hemoglobin levels. The optimal metabolite panels for predicting T-T2DM were selected using a tenfold cross-validation random forest classification model. Compared with the clinical features, the metabolite prediction model provided a better predictive value. We also analyzed the correlation of metabolites with clinical indices and found 10 metabolites that were independently predictive of T-T2DM. CONCLUSION By using the metabolites identified in this study, we may provide stable and accurate biomarkers for early T-T2DM warning and diagnosis. Our study also provides a rich and open-access data resource for optimizing T-T2DM management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinli Meng
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of Chengdu Office of People's Government of Tibetan Autonomous Region (Hospital. C.T.), No. 20, Xi Mian Qiao Heng Jie, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Fangfang Huang
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Jing Shi
- Department of Science and Education Section, Hospital of Chengdu Office of People's Government of Tibetan Autonomous Region (Hospital. C.T.), No. 20, Xi Mian Qiao Heng Jie, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chenghui Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hospital of Chengdu Office of People's Government of Tibetan Autonomous Region (Hospital. C.T.), No. 20, Xi Mian Qiao Heng Jie, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Feng
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of Chengdu Office of People's Government of Tibetan Autonomous Region (Hospital. C.T.), No. 20, Xi Mian Qiao Heng Jie, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Suyuan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hospital of Chengdu Office of People's Government of Tibetan Autonomous Region (Hospital. C.T.), No. 20, Xi Mian Qiao Heng Jie, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hengyan Li
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of Chengdu Office of People's Government of Tibetan Autonomous Region (Hospital. C.T.), No. 20, Xi Mian Qiao Heng Jie, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongyue Guo
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of Chengdu Office of People's Government of Tibetan Autonomous Region (Hospital. C.T.), No. 20, Xi Mian Qiao Heng Jie, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Hu
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of Chengdu Office of People's Government of Tibetan Autonomous Region (Hospital. C.T.), No. 20, Xi Mian Qiao Heng Jie, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaomei Li
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of Chengdu Office of People's Government of Tibetan Autonomous Region (Hospital. C.T.), No. 20, Xi Mian Qiao Heng Jie, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wanlin He
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of Chengdu Office of People's Government of Tibetan Autonomous Region (Hospital. C.T.), No. 20, Xi Mian Qiao Heng Jie, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yunhong Wu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hospital of Chengdu Office of People's Government of Tibetan Autonomous Region (Hospital. C.T.), No. 20, Xi Mian Qiao Heng Jie, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Csader S, Ismaiah MJ, Kuningas T, Heinäniemi M, Suhonen J, Männistö V, Pentikäinen H, Savonen K, Tauriainen MM, Galano JM, Lee JCY, Rintamäki R, Karisola P, El-Nezami H, Schwab U. Twelve Weeks of High-Intensity Interval Training Alters Adipose Tissue Gene Expression but Not Oxylipin Levels in People with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108509. [PMID: 37239856 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Lifestyle modifications, including increased physical activity and exercise, are recommended for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Inflamed adipose tissue (AT) contributes to the progression and development of NAFLD and oxylipins such as hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETE), hydroxydocosahexanenoic acids (HDHA), prostaglandins (PEG2), and isoprostanoids (IsoP), which all may play a role in AT homeostasis and inflammation. To investigate the role of exercise without weight loss on AT and plasma oxylipin concentrations in NAFLD subjects, we conducted a 12-week randomized controlled exercise intervention. Plasma samples from 39 subjects and abdominal subcutaneous AT biopsy samples from 19 subjects were collected both at the beginning and the end of the exercise intervention. In the AT of women, a significant reduction of gene expression of hemoglobin subunits (HBB, HBA1, HBA2) was observed within the intervention group during the 12-week intervention. Their expression levels were negatively associated with VO2max and maxW. In addition, pathways involved in adipocyte morphology alterations significantly increased, whereas pathways in fat metabolism, branched-chain amino acids degradation, and oxidative phosphorylation were suppressed in the intervention group (p < 0.05). Compared to the control group, in the intervention group, the ribosome pathway was activated, but lysosome, oxidative phosphorylation, and pathways of AT modification were suppressed (p < 0.05). Most of the oxylipins (HETE, HDHA, PEG2, and IsoP) in plasma did not change during the intervention compared to the control group. 15-F2t-IsoP significantly increased in the intervention group compared to the control group (p = 0.014). However, this oxylipin could not be detected in all samples. Exercise intervention without weight loss may influence the AT morphology and fat metabolism at the gene expression level in female NAFLD subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Csader
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70200 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Marsena Jasiel Ismaiah
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Tiina Kuningas
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Merja Heinäniemi
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Janne Suhonen
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ville Männistö
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Heikki Pentikäinen
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kai Savonen
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Milla-Maria Tauriainen
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70200 Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jean-Marie Galano
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, F-34093 Montpellier, France
| | - Jetty Chung-Yung Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Reeta Rintamäki
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Piia Karisola
- Faculty of Medicine, Human Microbiome Research Program, University of Helsinki, FI-00100 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hani El-Nezami
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70200 Kuopio, Finland
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Ursula Schwab
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70200 Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland
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Stein JA, Farina EK, Karl JP, Thompson LA, Knapik JJ, Pasiakos SM, McClung JP, Lieberman HR. Biomarkers of oxidative stress, diet and exercise distinguish soldiers selected and non-selected for special forces training. Metabolomics 2023; 19:39. [PMID: 37041398 PMCID: PMC10090007 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-023-01998-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The metabolomic profiles of Soldiers entering the U.S. Special Forces Assessment and Selection course (SFAS) have not been evaluated. OBJECTIVES To compare pre-SFAS blood metabolomes of Soldiers selected during SFAS versus those not selected, and explore the relationships between the metabolome, physical performance, and diet quality. METHODS Fasted blood samples and food frequency questionnaires were collected from 761 Soldiers prior to entering SFAS to assess metabolomic profiles and diet quality, respectively. Physical performance was assessed throughout SFAS. RESULTS Between-group differences (False Discovery Rate < 0.05) in 108 metabolites were detected. Selected candidates had higher levels of compounds within xenobiotic, pentose phosphate, and corticosteroid metabolic pathways, while non-selected candidates had higher levels of compounds potentially indicative of oxidative stress (i.e., sphingomyelins, acylcarnitines, glutathione, amino acids). Multiple compounds higher in non-selected versus selected candidates included: 1-carboxyethylphenylalanine; 4-hydroxy-nonenal-glutathione; α-hydroxyisocaproate; hexanoylcarnitine; sphingomyelin and were associated with lower diet quality and worse physical performance. CONCLUSION: Candidates selected during SFAS had higher pre-SFAS levels of circulating metabolites that were associated with resistance to oxidative stress, higher physical performance and higher diet quality. In contrast, non-selected candidates had higher levels of metabolites potentially indicating elevated oxidative stress. These findings indicate that Soldiers who were selected for continued Special Forces training enter the SFAS course with metabolites associated with healthier diets and better physical performance. Additionally, the non-selected candidates had higher levels of metabolites that may indicate elevated oxidative stress, which could result from poor nutrition, non-functional overreaching/overtraining, or incomplete recovery from previous physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse A Stein
- Military Nutrition Division, United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 10 General Greene Ave, Bldg. 42, Natick, MA, 01760, USA.
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Belcamp, MD, USA.
| | - Emily K Farina
- Military Nutrition Division, United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 10 General Greene Ave, Bldg. 42, Natick, MA, 01760, USA
| | - J Philip Karl
- Military Nutrition Division, United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 10 General Greene Ave, Bldg. 42, Natick, MA, 01760, USA
| | - Lauren A Thompson
- Military Nutrition Division, United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 10 General Greene Ave, Bldg. 42, Natick, MA, 01760, USA
| | - Joseph J Knapik
- Military Nutrition Division, United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 10 General Greene Ave, Bldg. 42, Natick, MA, 01760, USA
| | - Stefan M Pasiakos
- Military Nutrition Division, United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 10 General Greene Ave, Bldg. 42, Natick, MA, 01760, USA
| | - James P McClung
- Military Nutrition Division, United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 10 General Greene Ave, Bldg. 42, Natick, MA, 01760, USA
| | - Harris R Lieberman
- Military Nutrition Division, United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 10 General Greene Ave, Bldg. 42, Natick, MA, 01760, USA
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Muli S, Brachem C, Alexy U, Schmid M, Oluwagbemigun K, Nöthlings U. Exploring the association of physical activity with the plasma and urine metabolome in adolescents and young adults. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2023; 20:23. [PMID: 37020289 PMCID: PMC10074825 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-023-00742-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regular physical activity elicits many health benefits. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms through which physical activity influences overall health are less understood. Untargeted metabolomics enables system-wide mapping of molecular perturbations which may lend insights into physiological responses to regular physical activity. In this study, we investigated the associations of habitual physical activity with plasma and urine metabolome in adolescents and young adults. METHODS This cross-sectional study included participants from the DONALD (DOrtmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed) study with plasma samples n = 365 (median age: 18.4 (18.1, 25.0) years, 58% females) and 24 h urine samples n = 215 (median age: 18.1 (17.1, 18.2) years, 51% females). Habitual physical activity was assessed using a validated Adolescent Physical Activity Recall Questionnaire. Plasma and urine metabolite concentrations were determined using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy (UPLC-MS/MS) methods. In a sex-stratified analysis, we conducted principal component analysis (PCA) to reduce the dimensionality of metabolite data and to create metabolite patterns. Multivariable linear regression models were then applied to assess the associations between self-reported physical activity (metabolic equivalent of task (MET)-hours per week) with single metabolites and metabolite patterns, adjusted for potential confounders and controlling the false discovery rate (FDR) at 5% for each set of regressions. RESULTS Habitual physical activity was positively associated with the "lipid, amino acids and xenometabolite" pattern in the plasma samples of male participants only (β = 1.02; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.04, p = 0.001, adjusted p = 0.042). In both sexes, no association of physical activity with single metabolites in plasma and urine and metabolite patterns in urine was found (all adjusted p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our explorative study suggests that habitual physical activity is associated with alterations of a group of metabolites reflected in the plasma metabolite pattern in males. These perturbations may lend insights into some of underlying mechanisms that modulate effects of physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Muli
- Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Friedrich-Hirzebruch- Allee 7, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Christian Brachem
- Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Friedrich-Hirzebruch- Allee 7, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ute Alexy
- Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Friedrich-Hirzebruch- Allee 7, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Matthias Schmid
- Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology (IMBIE), University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kolade Oluwagbemigun
- Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Friedrich-Hirzebruch- Allee 7, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ute Nöthlings
- Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Friedrich-Hirzebruch- Allee 7, 53115, Bonn, Germany
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10
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Lipid mediators generated by the cytochrome P450—Epoxide hydrolase pathway. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 97:327-373. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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11
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Jurado-Fasoli L, Di X, Sanchez-Delgado G, Yang W, Osuna-Prieto FJ, Ortiz-Alvarez L, Krekels E, Harms AC, Hankemeier T, Schönke M, Aguilera CM, Llamas-Elvira JM, Kohler I, Rensen PCN, Ruiz JR, Martinez-Tellez B. Acute and long-term exercise differently modulate plasma levels of oxylipins, endocannabinoids, and their analogues in young sedentary adults: A sub-study and secondary analyses from the ACTIBATE randomized controlled-trial. EBioMedicine 2022; 85:104313. [PMID: 36374769 PMCID: PMC9626892 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatty acid-derived lipid mediators including oxylipins, endocannabinoids (eCBs), and their analogues, have emerged as key metabolites in the inflammatory and immune response to physiological stressors. METHODS This report was based on a sub-study and secondary analyses the ACTIBATE single-center unblinded randomized controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02365129). The study was performed in the Sport and Health University Research Institute and the Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital of the University of Granada. Eligible participants were young, sedentary adults with no chronic diseases. Here, we performed both an acute endurance and resistance exercise sub-studies (n.ß=.ß14 and 17 respectively), and a 24-week supervised exercise intervention, combining endurance and resistance exercise training at moderate-intensity (MOD-EX) or vigorous-intensity (VIG-EX) exercise groups, in young sedentary adults. Randomization was performed by unrestricted randomization. Plasma levels of oxylipins, eCBs, and their analogues were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. FINDINGS Both endurance and resistance exercise increased by.ß+50% the plasma levels of dihomo-..-linolenic acid and arachidonic acid (AA) omega-6 derived oxylipins, as well as eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid omega-3 derived after 3 and 120.ßmin of the bout of exercise (all ..2.ß....ß0.219 and P.ß..±.ß0.039). These exercise modalities also increased the levels of anandamide and eCBs analogues (+25%). 145 young sedentary adults were assigned to a control (CON, n.ß=.ß54), a MOD-EX (n.ß=.ß48) or a VIG-EX (n.ß=.ß43). 102 participants were included in the final long-term analyses (CON, n.ß=.ß36; MOD-EX, n.ß=.ß33; and VIG-EX, n.ß=.ß33) of the trial. After 24-week of supervised exercise, MOD-EX decreased plasma levels of omega-6 oxylipins, concretely linoleic acid (LA) and adrenic acid derived oxylipins, and the eCBs analogues OEA and LEA in comparison to the CON (all P.ß..±.ß0.021). VIG-EX decreased LA-derived oxylipins and LEA compared to CON. No relevant adverse events were recorded. INTERPRETATION Endurance and resistance exercises acutely increased plasma levels of oxylipins, eCBs, and their analogues, whereas 24 weeks of exercise training decreased fasting plasma levels of omega-6 oxylipins, and eCBs analogues in young, sedentary adults. FUNDING See Acknowledgments section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Jurado-Fasoli
- PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Xinyu Di
- Department of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Guillermo Sanchez-Delgado
- PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Francisco J Osuna-Prieto
- PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Research and Development of Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), Granada, Spain
| | - Lourdes Ortiz-Alvarez
- PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Elke Krekels
- Department of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Amy C Harms
- Department of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas Hankemeier
- Department of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Milena Schönke
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Concepcion M Aguilera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, ..úJos.. Mataix Verd....Ñ Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INYTA), Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada 18016, Spain; Instituto de Investigaci..n Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatolog.ía de la Obesidad y la Nutrici..n (CIBEROBN), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Jose M Llamas-Elvira
- Instituto de Investigaci..n Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain; Servicio de Medicina Nuclear, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | - Isabelle Kohler
- Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Center for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick C N Rensen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jonatan R Ruiz
- PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigaci..n Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - Borja Martinez-Tellez
- PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Education, Faculty of Education Sciences and SPORT Research Group (CTS-1024), CERNEP Research Center, University of Almer.ía, Almer.ía, Spain.
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12
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Hoshi RA, Liu Y, Luttmann-Gibson H, Tiwari S, Giulianini F, Andres AM, Watrous JD, Cook NR, Costenbader KH, Okereke OI, Ridker PM, Manson JE, Lee IM, Vinayagamoorthy M, Cheng S, Copeland T, Jain M, Chasman DI, Demler OV, Mora S. Association of Physical Activity With Bioactive Lipids and Cardiovascular Events. Circ Res 2022; 131:e84-e99. [PMID: 35862024 PMCID: PMC9357171 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.320952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To clarify the mechanisms underlying physical activity (PA)-related cardioprotection, we examined the association of PA with plasma bioactive lipids (BALs) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) events. We additionally performed genome-wide associations. METHODS PA-bioactive lipid associations were examined in VITAL (VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL)-clinical translational science center (REGISTRATION: URL: https://www. CLINICALTRIALS gov; Unique identifier: NCT01169259; N=1032) and validated in JUPITER (Justification for the Use of statins in Prevention: an Intervention Trial Evaluating Rosuvastatin)-NC (NCT00239681; N=589), using linear models adjusted for age, sex, race, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, total-C, and smoking. Significant BALs were carried over to examine associations with incident CVD in 2 nested CVD case-control studies: VITAL-CVD (741 case-control pairs) and JUPITER-CVD (415 case-control pairs; validation). RESULTS We detected 145 PA-bioactive lipid validated associations (false discovery rate <0.1). Annotations were found for 6 of these BALs: 12,13-diHOME, 9,10-diHOME, lysoPC(15:0), oxymorphone-3b-D-glucuronide, cortisone, and oleoyl-glycerol. Genetic analysis within JUPITER-NC showed associations of 32 PA-related BALs with 22 single-nucleotide polymorphisms. From PA-related BALs, 12 are associated with CVD. CONCLUSIONS We identified a PA-related bioactive lipidome profile out of which 12 BALs also had opposite associations with incident CVD events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosangela A Hoshi
- Center for Lipid Metabolomics, Division of Preventive Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. (R.A.H., Y.L., H.L.-G., P.M.R., O.V.D., S.M.).,Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. (R.A.H., Y.L., H.L.-G., F.G., N.R.C., P.M.R., J.E.M., I.-M.L., M.V., T.C., D.I.C., O.V.D., S.M.)
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Center for Lipid Metabolomics, Division of Preventive Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. (R.A.H., Y.L., H.L.-G., P.M.R., O.V.D., S.M.).,Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. (R.A.H., Y.L., H.L.-G., F.G., N.R.C., P.M.R., J.E.M., I.-M.L., M.V., T.C., D.I.C., O.V.D., S.M.)
| | - Heike Luttmann-Gibson
- Center for Lipid Metabolomics, Division of Preventive Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. (R.A.H., Y.L., H.L.-G., P.M.R., O.V.D., S.M.).,Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. (R.A.H., Y.L., H.L.-G., F.G., N.R.C., P.M.R., J.E.M., I.-M.L., M.V., T.C., D.I.C., O.V.D., S.M.).,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (H.L.-G., O.I.O., J.E.M., I.-M.L., M.J.)
| | - Saumya Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (S.T., A.M.A., J.D.W.)
| | - Franco Giulianini
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. (R.A.H., Y.L., H.L.-G., F.G., N.R.C., P.M.R., J.E.M., I.-M.L., M.V., T.C., D.I.C., O.V.D., S.M.)
| | - Allen M Andres
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (S.T., A.M.A., J.D.W.)
| | - Jeramie D Watrous
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (S.T., A.M.A., J.D.W.)
| | - Nancy R Cook
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. (R.A.H., Y.L., H.L.-G., F.G., N.R.C., P.M.R., J.E.M., I.-M.L., M.V., T.C., D.I.C., O.V.D., S.M.)
| | - Karen H Costenbader
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. (K.H.C.)
| | - Olivia I Okereke
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (H.L.-G., O.I.O., J.E.M., I.-M.L., M.J.).,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (O.I.O.)
| | - Paul M Ridker
- Center for Lipid Metabolomics, Division of Preventive Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. (R.A.H., Y.L., H.L.-G., P.M.R., O.V.D., S.M.).,Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. (R.A.H., Y.L., H.L.-G., F.G., N.R.C., P.M.R., J.E.M., I.-M.L., M.V., T.C., D.I.C., O.V.D., S.M.)
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. (R.A.H., Y.L., H.L.-G., F.G., N.R.C., P.M.R., J.E.M., I.-M.L., M.V., T.C., D.I.C., O.V.D., S.M.).,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (H.L.-G., O.I.O., J.E.M., I.-M.L., M.J.)
| | - I-Min Lee
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. (R.A.H., Y.L., H.L.-G., F.G., N.R.C., P.M.R., J.E.M., I.-M.L., M.V., T.C., D.I.C., O.V.D., S.M.).,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (H.L.-G., O.I.O., J.E.M., I.-M.L., M.J.)
| | - Manickavasagar Vinayagamoorthy
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. (R.A.H., Y.L., H.L.-G., F.G., N.R.C., P.M.R., J.E.M., I.-M.L., M.V., T.C., D.I.C., O.V.D., S.M.)
| | - Susan Cheng
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (S.C.)
| | - Trisha Copeland
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. (R.A.H., Y.L., H.L.-G., F.G., N.R.C., P.M.R., J.E.M., I.-M.L., M.V., T.C., D.I.C., O.V.D., S.M.)
| | - Mohit Jain
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (H.L.-G., O.I.O., J.E.M., I.-M.L., M.J.)
| | - Daniel I Chasman
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. (R.A.H., Y.L., H.L.-G., F.G., N.R.C., P.M.R., J.E.M., I.-M.L., M.V., T.C., D.I.C., O.V.D., S.M.)
| | - Olga V Demler
- Center for Lipid Metabolomics, Division of Preventive Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. (R.A.H., Y.L., H.L.-G., P.M.R., O.V.D., S.M.).,Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. (R.A.H., Y.L., H.L.-G., F.G., N.R.C., P.M.R., J.E.M., I.-M.L., M.V., T.C., D.I.C., O.V.D., S.M.).,Department of Computer Science, ETH Zurich, Switzerland (O.V.D.)
| | - Samia Mora
- Center for Lipid Metabolomics, Division of Preventive Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. (R.A.H., Y.L., H.L.-G., P.M.R., O.V.D., S.M.).,Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. (R.A.H., Y.L., H.L.-G., F.G., N.R.C., P.M.R., J.E.M., I.-M.L., M.V., T.C., D.I.C., O.V.D., S.M.)
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13
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Research in the Field of Exercise and Metabolomics: A Bibliometric and Visual Analysis. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12060542. [PMID: 35736475 PMCID: PMC9230385 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12060542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this article was to conduct a bibliometric analysis of global research trends in the field of exercise and metabolomics between 2005 and 2020. Systematic articles were obtained from the literature in the Web of Science core collection database from 2005 to 2020. The relationship between the number of publications, citations, countries, journals, authors, and the evolution of research hotspots was analyzed. A total of 807 studies were included in the analysis. From 2005 to 2020, the number of citations and the number of published articles showed an upward trend. Keyword co-occurrence indicates that research hotspots are focused on exercise, physical activity, metabolomics, obesity, insulin resistance, inflammation, and cardiovascular disease. Keyword clustering indicates that the research frontier is focused on the field of sports medicine, which includes molecular-level studies of exercise interventions in disease and studies of the physiological mechanisms by which exercise alters the body. Overall, this trinity of models, combining chronic disease with exercise interventions and molecular-level studies of metabolomics, has become the forefront of research in the field. This historical review of the field of exercise and metabolomics will further provide a useful basis for hot issues and future development trends.
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Identification of Non-Volatile Compounds That Impact Flavor Disliking of Whole Wheat Bread Made with Aged Flours. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27041331. [PMID: 35209115 PMCID: PMC8876722 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Whole wheat flour has a shorter shelf life than refined wheat flour due to off-flavor development. An untargeted liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) flavoromics approach was applied to identify compounds that negatively impact the flavor liking in whole wheat bread made from aged flours. The chemical profiles of thirteen breads made from aged flours were obtained using LC/MS and modeled by orthogonal partial least squares (OPLS) to predict flavor liking. Top predictive chemical features (negatively correlated) were identified as pinellic acid (9S,12S,13S-trihydroxy-10E-octadecenoic acid), 12,13-dihydroxy-9Z-octadecenoic acid, and 1-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine. The sensory analysis confirmed the three compounds increased the bitterness intensity of the bread samples. The formation of the trihydroxy fatty acid bitter compound, pinellic acid (9S,12S,13S-trihydroxy-10E-octadecenoic acid), was impacted by the lipoxygenase activity of the flour; however, there was no influence on the formation of 12,13-dihydroxy-9Z-octadecenoic acid or 1-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine. Additionally, the concentrations of all bitter compounds were significantly higher in bread made from aged flour versus non-aged flour.
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15
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Stander Z, Luies L, van Reenen M, Howatson G, Keane KM, Clifford T, Stevenson EJ, Loots DT. Beetroot juice - a suitable post-marathon metabolic recovery supplement? J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2021; 18:72. [PMID: 34861868 PMCID: PMC8642879 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-021-00468-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Red beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) is a multifunctional functional food that reportedly exhibits potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, vasodilation, and cellular regulatory properties. This vegetable has gained a fair amount of scientific attention as a possible cost-effective supplement to enhance performance and expedite recovery after physical exercise. To date, no study has investigated the effects of incremental beetroot juice ingestion on the metabolic recovery of athletes after an endurance race. Considering this, as well as the beneficial glucose and insulin regulatory roles of beetroot, this study investigated the effects of beetroot juice supplementation on the metabolic recovery trend of athletes within 48 h after completing a marathon. METHODS By employing an untargeted two-dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry approach, serum samples (collected pre-, post-, 24 h post-, and 48 h post-marathon) of 31 marathon athletes that ingested a series (n = 7; 250 ml) of either beetroot juice (n = 15 athletes) or isocaloric placebo (n = 16 athletes) supplements within 48 h post-marathon, were analysed and statistically compared. RESULTS The metabolic profiles of the beetroot-ingesting cohort recovered to a pre-marathon-related state within 48 h post-marathon, mimicking the metabolic recovery trend observed in the placebo cohort. Since random inter-individual variation was observed immediately post-marathon, only metabolites with large practical significance (p-value ≤0.05 and d-value ≥0.5) within 24 h and 48 h post-marathon were considered representative of the effects of beetroot juice on metabolic recovery. These (n = 4) mainly included carbohydrates (arabitol and xylose) and odd-chain fatty acids (nonanoate and undecanoate). The majority of these were attributed to beetroot content and possible microbial fermentation thereof. CONCLUSION Apart from the global metabolic recovery trends of the two opposing cohorts, it appears that beetroot ingestion did not expedite metabolic recovery in athletes within 48 h post-marathon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zinandré Stander
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2531 South Africa
- North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Private Bag X6001, Box 269, Potchefstroom, 2520 South Africa
| | - Laneke Luies
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2531 South Africa
| | - Mari van Reenen
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2531 South Africa
| | - Glyn Howatson
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST UK
- Water Research Group, School of Environmental Sciences and Development, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2531 South Africa
| | - Karen M. Keane
- School of Science and computing, Department of Sport Exercise and Nutrition, Galway Mayo Institute of Technology, Galway, Republic of Ireland
| | - Tom Clifford
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, England
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Emma J. Stevenson
- School of Science and computing, Department of Sport Exercise and Nutrition, Galway Mayo Institute of Technology, Galway, Republic of Ireland
| | - Du Toit Loots
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2531 South Africa
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16
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Margolis LM, Karl JP, Wilson MA, Coleman JL, Whitney CC, Pasiakos SM. Serum Branched-Chain Amino Acid Metabolites Increase in Males When Aerobic Exercise Is Initiated with Low Muscle Glycogen. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11120828. [PMID: 34940586 PMCID: PMC8708125 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11120828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This study used global metabolomics to identify metabolic factors that might contribute to muscle anabolic resistance, which develops when aerobic exercise is initiated with low muscle glycogen using global metabolomics. Eleven men completed this randomized, crossover study, completing two cycle ergometry glycogen depletion trials, followed by 24 h of isocaloric refeeding to elicit low (LOW; 1.5 g/kg carbohydrate, 3.0 g/kg fat) or adequate (AD; 6.0 g/kg carbohydrate 1.0 g/kg fat) glycogen. Participants then performed 80 min of cycling (64 ± 3% VO2 peak) while ingesting 146 g carbohydrate. Serum was collected before glycogen depletion under resting and fasted conditions (BASELINE), and before (PRE) and after (POST) exercise. Changes in metabolite profiles were calculated by subtracting BASELINE from PRE and POST within LOW and AD. There were greater increases (p < 0.05, Q < 0.10) in 64% of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) metabolites and 69% of acyl-carnitine metabolites in LOW compared to AD. Urea and 3-methylhistidine had greater increases (p < 0.05, Q < 0.10) in LOW compared to AD. Changes in metabolomics profiles indicate a greater reliance on BCAA catabolism for substrate oxidation when exercise is initiated with low glycogen stores. These findings provide a mechanistic explanation for anabolic resistance associated with low muscle glycogen, and suggest that exogenous BCAA requirements to optimize muscle recovery are likely greater than current recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee M. Margolis
- U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA 01760, USA; (J.P.K.); (M.A.W.); (J.L.C.); (C.C.W.); (S.M.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +508-206-2335
| | - J Philip Karl
- U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA 01760, USA; (J.P.K.); (M.A.W.); (J.L.C.); (C.C.W.); (S.M.P.)
| | - Marques A. Wilson
- U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA 01760, USA; (J.P.K.); (M.A.W.); (J.L.C.); (C.C.W.); (S.M.P.)
| | - Julie L. Coleman
- U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA 01760, USA; (J.P.K.); (M.A.W.); (J.L.C.); (C.C.W.); (S.M.P.)
- Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
| | - Claire C. Whitney
- U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA 01760, USA; (J.P.K.); (M.A.W.); (J.L.C.); (C.C.W.); (S.M.P.)
| | - Stefan M. Pasiakos
- U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA 01760, USA; (J.P.K.); (M.A.W.); (J.L.C.); (C.C.W.); (S.M.P.)
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Castro A, Duft RG, de Oliveira-Nunes SG, de Andrade ALL, Cavaglieri CR, Chacon-Mikahil MPT. Association Between Changes in Serum and Skeletal Muscle Metabolomics Profile With Maximum Power Output Gains in Response to Different Aerobic Training Programs: The Times Study. Front Physiol 2021; 12:756618. [PMID: 34744794 PMCID: PMC8563999 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.756618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: High heterogeneity of the response of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) to standardized exercise doses has been reported in different training programs, but the associated mechanisms are not widely known. This study investigated whether changes in the metabolic profile and pathways in blood serum and the skeletal muscle are associated with the inter-individual variability of CRF responses to 8-wk of continuous endurance training (ET) or high-intensity interval training (HIIT). Methods: Eighty men, young and sedentary, were randomized into three groups, of which 70 completed 8 wk of intervention (> 90% of sessions): ET, HIIT, or control. Blood and vastus lateralis muscle tissue samples, as well as the measurement of CRF [maximal power output (MPO)] were obtained before and after the intervention. Blood serum and skeletal muscle samples were analyzed by 600 MHz 1H-NMR spectroscopy (metabolomics). Associations between the pretraining to post-training changes in the metabolic profile and MPO gains were explored via three analytical approaches: (1) correlation between pretraining to post-training changes in metabolites' concentration levels and MPO gains; (2) significant differences between low and high MPO responders; and (3) metabolite contribution to significantly altered pathways related to MPO gains. After, metabolites within these three levels of evidence were analyzed by multiple stepwise linear regression. The significance level was set at 1%. Results: The metabolomics profile panel yielded 43 serum and 70 muscle metabolites. From the metabolites within the three levels of evidence (15 serum and 4 muscle metabolites for ET; 5 serum and 1 muscle metabolites for HIIT), the variance in MPO gains was explained: 77.4% by the intervention effects, 6.9, 2.3, 3.2, and 2.2% by changes in skeletal muscle pyruvate and valine, serum glutamine and creatine phosphate, respectively, in ET; and 80.9% by the intervention effects; 7.2, 2.2, and 1.2% by changes in skeletal muscle glycolate, serum creatine and creatine phosphate, respectively, in HIIT. The most changed and impacted pathways by these metabolites were: arginine and proline metabolism, glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, and glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism for both ET and HIIT programs; and additional alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and pyruvate metabolism for ET. Conclusion: These results suggest that regulating the metabolism of amino acids and carbohydrates may be a potential mechanism for understanding the inter-individual variability of CRF in responses to ET and HIIT programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Castro
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil.,Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata G Duft
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Claudia R Cavaglieri
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
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18
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Penner AL, Waytt V, Winter T, Leng S, Duhamel TA, Aukema HM. Oxylipin profiles and levels vary by skeletal muscle type, dietary fat and sex in young rats. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2021; 46:1378-1388. [PMID: 34115947 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2021-0161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)-derived bioactive lipid mediators called oxylipins have been shown to influence muscle growth, inflammation and repair in select muscles. Since individual oxylipins have varying effects and potencies, broad profiling in differing muscle types is required to further understand their overall effects. In addition, diet and sex are key determinants of oxylipin levels. Therefore, to provide comprehensive data on oxylipin profiles in rat soleus (SO), red gastrocnemius (RG), and white gastrocnemius (WG) muscles, female and male weanling Sprague-Dawley rats were provided control or experimental diets enriched in n-3 (ω-3) or n-6 (ω-6) PUFA for 6 weeks. Free oxylipin analysis by HPLC/MS/MS revealed that SO muscle had 25% more oxylipins and 4-13 times greater oxylipin mass than WG muscle. Dietary n-3 PUFA (α-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid) each increased n-3 oxylipins derived directly from their precursors and several that were not direct precursors, while reducing arachidonic acid derived oxylipins. Dietary linoleic acid had few effects on oxylipins. Oxylipins with a sex effect were higher in females in SO and RG. Oxylipins generally reflected the effects of diet and sex on PUFA, but there were exceptions. These fundamental oxylipin profile data provide groundwork knowledge and context for future research on muscle oxylipin functions. Novelty: Rat SO compared with RG and WG muscles have a higher number and greater mass of oxylipins. Oxylipins generally reflect diet effects on PUFA in all muscles, but there are notable exceptions. Oxylipins in SO and RG are higher in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avery L Penner
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Victoria Waytt
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Tanja Winter
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Shan Leng
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Todd A Duhamel
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface General Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Harold M Aukema
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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19
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Khoramipour K, Sandbakk Ø, Keshteli AH, Gaeini AA, Wishart DS, Chamari K. Metabolomics in Exercise and Sports: A Systematic Review. Sports Med 2021; 52:547-583. [PMID: 34716906 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-021-01582-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolomics is a field of omics science that involves the comprehensive measurement of small metabolites in biological samples. It is increasingly being used to study exercise physiology and exercise-associated metabolism. However, the field of exercise metabolomics has not been extensively reviewed or assessed. OBJECTIVE This review on exercise metabolomics has three aims: (1) to provide an introduction to the general workflow and the different metabolomics technologies used to conduct exercise metabolomics studies; (2) to provide a systematic overview of published exercise metabolomics studies and their findings; and (3) to discuss future perspectives in the field of exercise metabolomics. METHODS We searched electronic databases including Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the SpringerLink academic journal database between January 1st 2000 and September 30th 2020. RESULTS Based on our detailed analysis of the field, exercise metabolomics studies fall into five major categories: (1) exercise nutrition metabolism; (2) exercise metabolism; (3) sport metabolism; (4) clinical exercise metabolism; and (5) metabolome comparisons. Exercise metabolism is the most popular category. The most common biological samples used in exercise metabolomics studies are blood and urine. Only a small minority of exercise metabolomics studies employ targeted or quantitative techniques, while most studies used untargeted metabolomics techniques. In addition, mass spectrometry was the most commonly used platform in exercise metabolomics studies, identified in approximately 54% of all published studies. Our data indicate that biomarkers or biomarker panels were identified in 34% of published exercise metabolomics studies. CONCLUSION Overall, there is an increasing trend towards better designed, more clinical, mass spectrometry-based metabolomics studies involving larger numbers of participants/patients and larger numbers of metabolites being identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayvan Khoramipour
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. .,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Blvd. 22 Bahman, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Øyvind Sandbakk
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Centre for Elite Sports Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Abbas Ali Gaeini
- Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - David S Wishart
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E9, Canada.,Department of Computing Science, University of Alberta, AB, T6G 2E9, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Karim Chamari
- ASPETAR, Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
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20
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Sommariva E, Stadiotti I, Casella M, Catto V, Dello Russo A, Carbucicchio C, Arnaboldi L, De Metrio S, Milano G, Scopece A, Casaburo M, Andreini D, Mushtaq S, Conte E, Chiesa M, Birchmeier W, Cogliati E, Paolin A, König E, Meraviglia V, De Musso M, Volani C, Cattelan G, Rauhe W, Turnu L, Porro B, Pedrazzini M, Camera M, Corsini A, Tondo C, Rossini A, Pompilio G. Oxidized LDL-dependent pathway as new pathogenic trigger in arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e14365. [PMID: 34337880 PMCID: PMC8422076 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202114365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is hallmarked by ventricular fibro-adipogenic alterations, contributing to cardiac dysfunctions and arrhythmias. Although genetically determined (e.g., PKP2 mutations), ACM phenotypes are highly variable. More data on phenotype modulators, clinical prognosticators, and etiological therapies are awaited. We hypothesized that oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL)-dependent activation of PPARγ, a recognized effector of ACM adipogenesis, contributes to disease pathogenesis. ACM patients showing high plasma concentration of oxLDL display severe clinical phenotypes in terms of fat infiltration, ventricular dysfunction, and major arrhythmic event risk. In ACM patient-derived cardiac cells, we demonstrated that oxLDLs are major cofactors of adipogenesis. Mechanistically, the increased lipid accumulation is mediated by oxLDL cell internalization through CD36, ultimately resulting in PPARγ upregulation. By boosting oxLDL in a Pkp2 heterozygous knock-out mice through high-fat diet feeding, we confirmed in vivo the oxidized lipid dependency of cardiac adipogenesis and right ventricle systolic impairment, which are counteracted by atorvastatin treatment. The modulatory role of oxidized lipids on ACM adipogenesis, demonstrated at cellular, mouse, and patient levels, represents a novel risk stratification tool and a target for ACM pharmacological strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Sommariva
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative MedicineCentro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCSMilanItaly
| | - Ilaria Stadiotti
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative MedicineCentro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCSMilanItaly
| | - Michela Casella
- Heart Rhythm CenterCentro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCSMilanItaly
| | - Valentina Catto
- Heart Rhythm CenterCentro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCSMilanItaly
| | | | | | - Lorenzo Arnaboldi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular SciencesUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Simona De Metrio
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular SciencesUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Giuseppina Milano
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative MedicineCentro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCSMilanItaly
- Department of Heart and VesselsLaboratory of Cardiovascular ResearchUniversity Hospital of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Alessandro Scopece
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative MedicineCentro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCSMilanItaly
| | - Manuel Casaburo
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative MedicineCentro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCSMilanItaly
| | - Daniele Andreini
- Unit of Cardiovascular ImagingCentro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCSMilanItaly
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community HealthUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Saima Mushtaq
- Unit of Cardiovascular ImagingCentro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCSMilanItaly
| | - Edoardo Conte
- Unit of Cardiovascular ImagingCentro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCSMilanItaly
| | - Mattia Chiesa
- Bioinformatics and Artificial Intelligence facilityCentro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCSMilanItaly
| | | | | | | | - Eva König
- Institute for BiomedicineEurac ResearchAffiliated Institute of the University of LübeckBozenItaly
| | - Viviana Meraviglia
- Institute for BiomedicineEurac ResearchAffiliated Institute of the University of LübeckBozenItaly
| | - Monica De Musso
- Institute for BiomedicineEurac ResearchAffiliated Institute of the University of LübeckBozenItaly
| | - Chiara Volani
- Institute for BiomedicineEurac ResearchAffiliated Institute of the University of LübeckBozenItaly
| | - Giada Cattelan
- Institute for BiomedicineEurac ResearchAffiliated Institute of the University of LübeckBozenItaly
| | | | - Linda Turnu
- Unit of Metabolomics and Cellular Biochemistry of AtherothrombosisCentro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCSMilanItaly
| | - Benedetta Porro
- Unit of Metabolomics and Cellular Biochemistry of AtherothrombosisCentro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCSMilanItaly
| | - Matteo Pedrazzini
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular GeneticsIstituto Auxologico ItalianoIRCCSMilanItaly
| | - Marina Camera
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular SciencesUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
- Unit of Cell and Molecular Biology in Cardiovascular DiseasesCentro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCSMilanItaly
| | - Alberto Corsini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular SciencesUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
- IRCCS MultiMedicaMilanItaly
| | - Claudio Tondo
- Heart Rhythm CenterCentro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCSMilanItaly
- Department of BiomedicalSurgical and Dental SciencesUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Alessandra Rossini
- Institute for BiomedicineEurac ResearchAffiliated Institute of the University of LübeckBozenItaly
| | - Giulio Pompilio
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative MedicineCentro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCSMilanItaly
- Department of BiomedicalSurgical and Dental SciencesUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
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21
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Azbukina NV, Chistyakov DV, Goriainov SV, Kotelin VI, Fedoseeva EV, Petrov SY, Sergeeva MG, Iomdina EN, Zernii EY. Targeted Lipidomic Analysis of Aqueous Humor Reveals Signaling Lipid-Mediated Pathways in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10070658. [PMID: 34356513 PMCID: PMC8301454 DOI: 10.3390/biology10070658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Analysis of the eye liquids collected from a cohort of primary open-angle glaucoma patients identified signaling lipids, the pattern of which suggests a role of arachidonic acid/platelet activating-factor (PAF)-dependent pathways and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of the disease and provides novel targets for its diagnostics and treatment. Abstract Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is characterized by degeneration of retinal ganglion cells associated with an increase in intraocular pressure (IOP) due to hindered aqueous humor (AH) drainage through the trabecular meshwork and uveoscleral pathway. Polyunsaturated fatty acids and oxylipins are signaling lipids regulating neuroinflammation, neuronal survival and AH outflow. Among them, prostaglandins have been previously implicated in glaucoma and employed for its treatment. This study addressed the role of signaling lipids in glaucoma by determining their changes in AH accompanying IOP growth and progression of the disease. Eye liquids were collected from patients with POAG of different stages and cataract patients without glaucoma. Lipids were identified and quantified by UPLC-MS/MS. The compounds discriminating glaucoma groups were recognized using ANCOVA and PLS-DA statistic approaches and their biosynthetic pathways were predicted by bioinformatics. Among 22 signaling lipids identified in AH, stage/IOP-dependent alterations in glaucoma were provided by a small set of mediators, including 12,13-DiHOME, 9- and 13-HODE/KODE, arachidonic acid and lyso-PAF. These observations correlated with the expression of cytochromes P450 (CYPs) and phospholipases A2 in the ocular tissues. Interestingly, tear fluid exhibited similar lipidomic alterations in POAG. Overall, POAG may involve arachidonic acid/PAF-dependent pathways and oxidative stress as evidenced from an increase in its markers, KODEs and 12,13-DiHOME. The latter is a product of CYPs, one of which, CYP1B1, is known as POAG and primary congenital glaucoma-associated gene. These data provide novel targets for glaucoma treatment. Oxylipin content of tear fluid may have diagnostic value in POAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda V. Azbukina
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Moscow Lomonosov State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Dmitry V. Chistyakov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia;
- Correspondence: (D.V.C.); (E.Y.Z.); Tel.: +7-9030011751 (E.Y.Z.)
| | | | - Vladislav I. Kotelin
- Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases, 105062 Moscow, Russia; (V.I.K.); (E.V.F.); (S.Y.P.); (E.N.I.)
| | - Elena V. Fedoseeva
- Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases, 105062 Moscow, Russia; (V.I.K.); (E.V.F.); (S.Y.P.); (E.N.I.)
| | - Sergey Yu. Petrov
- Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases, 105062 Moscow, Russia; (V.I.K.); (E.V.F.); (S.Y.P.); (E.N.I.)
| | - Marina G. Sergeeva
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Elena N. Iomdina
- Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases, 105062 Moscow, Russia; (V.I.K.); (E.V.F.); (S.Y.P.); (E.N.I.)
| | - Evgeni Yu. Zernii
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia;
- Correspondence: (D.V.C.); (E.Y.Z.); Tel.: +7-9030011751 (E.Y.Z.)
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22
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Cardiac Biomarkers and Autoantibodies in Endurance Athletes: Potential Similarities with Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy Pathogenic Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126500. [PMID: 34204386 PMCID: PMC8235133 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The “Extreme Exercise Hypothesis” states that when individuals perform training beyond the ideal exercise dose, a decline in the beneficial effects of physical activity occurs. This is due to significant changes in myocardial structure and function, such as hemodynamic alterations, cardiac chamber enlargement and hypertrophy, myocardial inflammation, oxidative stress, fibrosis, and conduction changes. In addition, an increased amount of circulating biomarkers of exercise-induced damage has been reported. Although these changes are often reversible, long-lasting cardiac damage may develop after years of intense physical exercise. Since several features of the athlete’s heart overlap with arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM), the syndrome of “exercise-induced ACM” has been postulated. Thus, the distinction between ACM and the athlete’s heart may be challenging. Recently, an autoimmune mechanism has been discovered in ACM patients linked to their characteristic junctional impairment. Since cardiac junctions are similarly impaired by intense physical activity due to the strong myocardial stretching, we propose in the present work the novel hypothesis of an autoimmune response in endurance athletes. This investigation may deepen the knowledge about the pathological remodeling and relative activated mechanisms induced by intense endurance exercise, potentially improving the early recognition of whom is actually at risk.
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23
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Dietary Annatto-Extracted Tocotrienol Reduces Inflammation and Oxidative Stress, and Improves Macronutrient Metabolism in Obese Mice: A Metabolic Profiling Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041267. [PMID: 33924335 PMCID: PMC8069008 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and its related complications are a world-wide health problem. Dietary tocotrienols (TT) have been shown to improve obesity-associated metabolic disorders, such as hypercholesterolemia, hyperglycemia, and gut dysbiosis. This study examined the hypothesis that the antioxidant capacity of TT alters metabolites of oxidative stress and improves systemic metabolism. C57BL/6J mice were fed either a high-fat diet (HFD control) or HFD supplemented with 800 mg annatto-extracted TT/kg (HFD+TT800) for 14 weeks. Sera from obese mice were examined by non-targeted metabolite analysis using UHPLC/MS. Compared to the HFD group, the HFD+TT800 group had higher levels of serum metabolites, essential amino acids (lysine and methionine), sphingomyelins, phosphatidylcholine, lysophospholipids, and vitamins (pantothenate, pyridoxamine, pyridoxal, and retinol). TT-treated mice had lowered levels of serum metabolites, dicarboxylic fatty acids, and inflammatory/oxidative stress markers (trimethylamine N-oxide, kynurenate, 12,13-DiHOME, and 13-HODE + 9-HODE) compared to the control. The results suggest that TT supplementation lowered inflammation and oxidative stress (oxidized glutathione and GSH/GSSH) and improved macronutrient metabolism (carbohydrates) in obese mice. Thus, TT actions on metabolites were beneficial in reducing obesity-associated hypercholesterolemia/hyperglycemia. The effects of a non-toxic dose of TT in mice support the potential for clinical applications in obesity and metabolic disease.
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Metabolomics and Lipidomics: Expanding the Molecular Landscape of Exercise Biology. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11030151. [PMID: 33799958 PMCID: PMC8001908 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11030151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dynamic changes in circulating and tissue metabolites and lipids occur in response to exercise-induced cellular and whole-body energy demands to maintain metabolic homeostasis. The metabolome and lipidome in a given biological system provides a molecular snapshot of these rapid and complex metabolic perturbations. The application of metabolomics and lipidomics to map the metabolic responses to an acute bout of aerobic/endurance or resistance exercise has dramatically expanded over the past decade thanks to major analytical advancements, with most exercise-related studies to date focused on analyzing human biofluids and tissues. Experimental and analytical considerations, as well as complementary studies using animal model systems, are warranted to help overcome challenges associated with large human interindividual variability and decipher the breadth of molecular mechanisms underlying the metabolic health-promoting effects of exercise. In this review, we provide a guide for exercise researchers regarding analytical techniques and experimental workflows commonly used in metabolomics and lipidomics. Furthermore, we discuss advancements in human and mammalian exercise research utilizing metabolomic and lipidomic approaches in the last decade, as well as highlight key technical considerations and remaining knowledge gaps to continue expanding the molecular landscape of exercise biology.
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25
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Elejalde E, Villarán MC, Alonso RM. Grape polyphenols supplementation for exercise-induced oxidative stress. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2021; 18:3. [PMID: 33413451 PMCID: PMC7789302 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-020-00395-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise induces free radicals’ overproduction and therefore, an enhancement of oxidative stress, defined as an imbalance between the production of reactive species and the intrinsic antioxidant defense. Redox activity of reactive species plays an important and a positive role on exercise adaptation, but these species at very high concentrations have detrimental effects. As a result, the use of antioxidant supplements for reducing oxidative stress can be an effective health strategy to maintain an optimal antioxidant status. In this sense, grapes are an important source of natural antioxidants due to their high content in polyphenols. They have shown antioxidant potential benefits for the reduction of intense exercise effect in athletes of different sport disciplines. Consequently, it is plausible to hypothesize that a strategic supplementation with grape based products may be a good approach to mitigate the exercise induced oxidative stress. The goal of this review is to present the state of the art of supplementation effects with grape beverages and grape extracts on the oxidative stress markers in athletes. The data of polyphenolic dosages, participant characteristics and exercise protocols are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edurne Elejalde
- TECNALIA, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Álava c/ Leonardo Da Vinci, 11, 01510 Miñano (Álava), Spain.
| | - Mari Carmen Villarán
- TECNALIA, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Álava c/ Leonardo Da Vinci, 11, 01510 Miñano (Álava), Spain
| | - Rosa María Alonso
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
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26
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Pla R, Pujos-Guillot E, Durand S, Brandolini-Bunlon M, Centeno D, Pyne DB, Toussaint JF, Hellard P. Non-targeted metabolomics analyses by mass spectrometry to explore metabolic stress after six training weeks in high level swimmers. J Sports Sci 2020; 39:969-978. [PMID: 33320058 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1851933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to compare the metabolic responses of high-level national swimmers to threshold or polarised training. 22 swimmers (n = 12 males and 10 females) participated in a 28-week cross-over intervention study consisting of 2 × 6 period weeks of training. Swimmers were assigned randomly to either training group for the first period: polarised (POL) (81% in energetic zone 1: blood lactate [La]b ≤ 2 mmol.L-1; 4% in zone 2: 2 mmol.L-1 <[La]b ≤ 4 mmol.L-1; 15% in zone 3: [La]b > 4 mmol.L-1) or threshold (THR) (65%/25%/10%). Before and after each training period, urine samples were collected for non-targeted metabolomics analysis. Mixed model analysis was performed on metabolomics data including fatigue class factors and/or training and/or interaction. Ion intensities of 6-keto-decanoylcarnitine (+31%), pregnanediol-3-glucuronide (+81%), P-cresol sulphate (+18%) were higher in the threshold group (P < 0.05) indicating higher glycogenic depletion and inflammation without alteration of the neuroendocrine stress axis. 4-phenylbutanic acid sulphate was 200% higher in less fatigued swimmers (P < 0.01) linking the anti-inflammatory activity at the cell membrane level to the subjective perception of fatigue. This research suggests the importance of replenishing glycogen stores and reducing inflammation during high thresholds training loads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Pla
- French Institute of Sport (INSEP), Research Department, Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance (EA 7370), Paris, France.,French Swimming Federation, Clichy, France.,Institut de Recherche bioMédicale et d'Epidémiologie du Sport (IRMES), Paris, France
| | - Estelle Pujos-Guillot
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, Plateforme d'Exploration du Métabolisme, MetaboHUB Clermont, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Stéphanie Durand
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, Plateforme d'Exploration du Métabolisme, MetaboHUB Clermont, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marion Brandolini-Bunlon
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, Plateforme d'Exploration du Métabolisme, MetaboHUB Clermont, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Delphine Centeno
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, Plateforme d'Exploration du Métabolisme, MetaboHUB Clermont, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - David B Pyne
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
| | - Jean-François Toussaint
- Institut de Recherche bioMédicale et d'Epidémiologie du Sport (IRMES), Paris, France.,EA 7329, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,CIMS, Centre for Investigation in Sports Medicine Paris, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Hellard
- French Swimming Federation, Clichy, France.,CREPS- Sport Resource and Expertise Center, Bordeaux, France
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Hildreth K, Kodani SD, Hammock BD, Zhao L. Cytochrome P450-derived linoleic acid metabolites EpOMEs and DiHOMEs: a review of recent studies. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 86:108484. [PMID: 32827665 PMCID: PMC7606796 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Linoleic acid (LA) is the most abundant polyunsaturated fatty acid found in the Western diet. Cytochrome P450-derived LA metabolites 9,10-epoxyoctadecenoic acid (9,10-EpOME), 12,13-epoxyoctadecenoic acid (12,13-EpOME), 9,10-dihydroxy-12Z-octadecenoic acid (9,10-DiHOME) and 12,13-dihydroxy-9Z-octadecenoic acid (12,13-DiHOME) have been studied for their association with various disease states and biological functions. Previous studies of the EpOMEs and DiHOMEs have focused on their roles in cytotoxic processes, primarily in the inhibition of the neutrophil respiratory burst. More recent research has suggested the DiHOMEs may be important lipid mediators in pain perception, altered immune response and brown adipose tissue activation by cold and exercise. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current understanding of the physiological and pathophysiological roles and modes of action of the EpOMEs and DiHOMEs in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Hildreth
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN
| | - Sean D Kodani
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - Ling Zhao
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN.
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Inflammation, Peripheral Signals and Redox Homeostasis in Athletes Who Practice Different Sports. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9111065. [PMID: 33143147 PMCID: PMC7693221 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of training in regulating body mass and performance is well known. Physical training induces metabolic changes in the organism, leading to the activation of adaptive mechanisms aimed at establishing a new dynamic equilibrium. However, exercise can have both positive and negative effects on inflammatory and redox statuses. In recent years, attention has focused on the regulation of energy homeostasis and most studies have reported the involvement of peripheral signals in influencing energy and even inflammatory homeostasis due to overtraining syndrome. Among these, leptin, adiponectin, ghrelin, interleukin-6 (IL6), interleukin-1β (IL1β) and tumour necrosis factor a (TNFa) were reported to influence energy and even inflammatory homeostasis. However, most studies were performed on sedentary individuals undergoing an aerobic training program. Therefore, the purpose of this review was to focus on high-performance exercise studies performed in athletes to correlate peripheral mediators and key inflammation markers with physiological and pathological conditions in different sports such as basketball, soccer, swimming and cycling.
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Blackburn G, Hay J, Skagen C, Paul E, Achcar F, Wilson J, Best C, Manson E, Burgess K, Barrett MP, Gill JMR. Running on Empty: A Metabolomics Approach to Investigating Changing Energy Metabolism during Fasted Exercise and Rest. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10100399. [PMID: 33050077 PMCID: PMC7600507 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10100399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the metabolic processes in energy metabolism, particularly during fasted exercise, is a growing area of research. Previous work has focused on measuring metabolites pre and post exercise. This can provide information about the final state of energy metabolism in the participants, but it does not show how these processes vary during the exercise and any subsequent post-exercise period. To address this, the work described here took fasted participants and subjected them to an exercise and rest protocol under laboratory settings, which allowed for breath and blood sampling both pre, during and post exercise. Analysis of the data produced from both the physiological measurements and the untargeted metabolomics measurements showed clear switching between glycolytic and ketolytic metabolism, with the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) data showing the separate stages of ketolytic metabolism, notably the transport, release and breakdown of long chain fatty acids. Several signals, putatively identified as short peptides, were observed to change in a pattern similar to that of the ketolytic metabolites. This work highlights the power of untargeted metabolomic methods as an investigative tool for exercise science, both to follow known processes in a more complete way and discover possible novel biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin Blackburn
- Glasgow Polyomics, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; (E.M.); (M.P.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Joshua Hay
- Center for Preventive Cardiology, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd. Portland, OR 97239, USA;
| | - Christine Skagen
- Muscle Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Sem Sælands vei 3, 0371 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Elizabeth Paul
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre (GCRC), Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK; (E.P.); (J.W.); (J.M.R.G.)
| | - Fiona Achcar
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK;
| | - John Wilson
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre (GCRC), Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK; (E.P.); (J.W.); (J.M.R.G.)
| | - Cameron Best
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Sir Graeme Davis Building, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK;
| | - Erin Manson
- Glasgow Polyomics, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; (E.M.); (M.P.B.)
| | - Karl Burgess
- Institute of Quantitative Biology, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, UK;
| | - Michael P. Barrett
- Glasgow Polyomics, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; (E.M.); (M.P.B.)
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK;
| | - Jason M. R. Gill
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre (GCRC), Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK; (E.P.); (J.W.); (J.M.R.G.)
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Zeki ÖC, Eylem CC, Reçber T, Kır S, Nemutlu E. Integration of GC–MS and LC–MS for untargeted metabolomics profiling. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 190:113509. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Nieman DC, Pence BD. Exercise immunology: Future directions. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2020; 9:432-445. [PMID: 32928447 PMCID: PMC7498623 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Several decades of research in the area of exercise immunology have shown that the immune system is highly responsive to acute and chronic exercise training. Moderate exercise bouts enhance immunosurveillance and when repeated over time mediate multiple health benefits. Most of the studies prior to 2010 relied on a few targeted outcomes related to immune function. During the past decade, technologic advances have created opportunities for a multi-omics and systems biology approach to exercise immunology. This article provides an overview of metabolomics, lipidomics, and proteomics as they pertain to exercise immunology, with a focus on immunometabolism. This review also summarizes how the composition and diversity of the gut microbiota can be influenced by exercise, with applications to human health and immunity. Exercise-induced improvements in immune function may play a critical role in countering immunosenescence and the development of chronic diseases, and emerging omics technologies will more clearly define the underlying mechanisms. This review summarizes what is currently known regarding a multi-omics approach to exercise immunology and provides future directions for investigators.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Nieman
- Human Performance Laboratory, Appalachian State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA.
| | - Brandt D Pence
- School of Health Studies, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
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Kelly RS, Kelly MP, Kelly P. Metabolomics, physical activity, exercise and health: A review of the current evidence. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165936. [PMID: 32827647 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) and exercise are among the most important determinants of health. However, PA is a complex and heterogeneous behavior and the biological mechanisms through which it impacts individuals and populations in different ways are not well understood. Genetics and environment likely play pivotal roles but further work is needed to understand their relative contributions and how they may be mediated. Metabolomics offers a promising approach to explore these relationships. In this review, we provide a comprehensive appraisal of the PA-metabolomics literature to date. This overwhelmingly supports the hypothesis of a metabolomic response to PA, which can differ between groups and individuals. It also suggests a biological gradient in this response based on PA intensity, with some evidence for global longer-term changes in the metabolome of highly active individuals. However, many questions remain and we conclude by highlighting future critical research avenues to help elucidate the role of PA in the maintenance of health and the development of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel S Kelly
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Michael P Kelly
- Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Forvie Site, Cambridge CB2 0SR. UK.
| | - Paul Kelly
- Physical Activity for Health Research Center (PAHRC), University of Edinburgh, St Leonard's Land, Edinburgh EH8 8AQ, UK.
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Liang N, Tang K, Curtis JM, Gänzle MG. Identification and Quantitation of Hydroxy Fatty Acids in Fermented Sausage Samples. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:8648-8657. [PMID: 32672946 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c02688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The quality of fermented sausage is strongly influenced by its fatty acid (FA). However, the role of a defined starter culture in modifying sausage FA composition, and especially in the production of hydroxy FAs (HFAs), has not been determined. In this study, the FA compositions of sausages fermented with Latilactobacillus sakei, with L. sakei plus Staphylococcus carnosus, and with an aseptic control were characterized by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (MS)/MS and gas chromatography-MS. The sausages fermented with L. sakei, and with L. sakei plus S. carnosus, showed a reduced accumulation of poly and/or diunsaturated FAs and distinct composition of HFAs compared to the aseptic control. 2-HFAs were enriched via high-speed counter-current chromatography and identified uniquely in the L. sakei plus S. carnosus fermented sausage. Through lipid analyses, this study illustrated how the choice of a defined starter culture affected the observed FA metabolism in fermented sausages, facilitating the development of starter cultures or additives that impart desirable characteristics to sausage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuanyi Liang
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Kaixing Tang
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Jonathan M Curtis
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Michael G Gänzle
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2P5, Canada
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Mendez-Gutierrez A, Osuna-Prieto FJ, Aguilera CM, Ruiz JR, Sanchez-Delgado G. Endocrine Mechanisms Connecting Exercise to Brown Adipose Tissue Metabolism: a Human Perspective. Curr Diab Rep 2020; 20:40. [PMID: 32725289 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-020-01319-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To summarize the state-of-the-art regarding the exercise-regulated endocrine signals that might modulate brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity and/or white adipose tissue (WAT) browning, or through which BAT communicates with other tissues, in humans. RECENT FINDINGS Exercise induces WAT browning in rodents by means of a variety of physiological mechanism. However, whether exercise induces WAT browning in humans is still unknown. Nonetheless, a number of protein hormones and metabolites, whose signaling can influence thermogenic adipocyte's metabolism, are secreted during and/or after exercise in humans from a variety of tissues and organs, such as the skeletal muscle, the adipose tissue, the liver, the adrenal glands, or the cardiac muscle. Overall, it seems plausible to hypothesize that, in humans, exercise secretes an endocrine cocktail that is likely to induce WAT browning, as it does in rodents. However, even if exercise elicits a pro-browning endocrine response, this might result in a negligible effect if blood flow is restricted in thermogenic adipocyte-rich areas during exercise, which is still to be determined. Future studies are needed to fully characterize the exercise-induced secretion (i.e., to determine the effect of the different exercise frequency, intensity, type, time, and volume) of endocrine signaling molecules that might modulate BAT activity and/or WAT browning or through which BAT communicates with other tissues, during exercise. The exercise effect on BAT metabolism and/or WAT browning could be one of the still unknown mechanisms by which exercise exerts beneficial health effects, and it might be pharmacologically mimicked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Mendez-Gutierrez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, "José Mataix Verdú" Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INYTA), Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Biohealth Research Institute in Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J Osuna-Prieto
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Technology Centre for Functional Food Research and Development (CIDAF), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Concepcion M Aguilera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, "José Mataix Verdú" Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INYTA), Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Biohealth Research Institute in Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jonatan R Ruiz
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - Guillermo Sanchez-Delgado
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
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Signini ÉF, Nieman DC, Silva CD, Sakaguchi CA, Catai AM. Oxylipin Response to Acute and Chronic Exercise: A Systematic Review. Metabolites 2020; 10:E264. [PMID: 32630487 PMCID: PMC7345129 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10060264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxylipins are oxidized compounds of polyunsaturated fatty acids that play important roles in the body. Recently, metabololipidomic-based studies using advanced mass spectrometry have measured the oxylipins generated during acute and chronic physical exercise and described the related physiological effects. The objective of this systematic review was to provide a panel of the primary exercise-related oxylipins and their respective functions in healthy individuals. Searches were performed in five databases (Cochrane, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus and Web of Science) using combinations of the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms: "Humans", "Exercise", "Physical Activity", "Sports", "Oxylipins", and "Lipid Mediators". An adapted scoring system created in a previous study from our group was used to rate the quality of the studies. Nine studies were included after examining 1749 documents. Seven studies focused on the acute effect of physical exercise while two studies determined the effects of exercise training on the oxylipin profile. Numerous oxylipins are mobilized during intensive and prolonged exercise, with most related to the inflammatory process, immune function, tissue repair, cardiovascular and renal functions, and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Étore F. Signini
- Physical Therapy Department, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil; (C.D.S.); (C.A.S.); (A.M.C.)
| | - David C. Nieman
- North Carolina Research Campus, Appalachian State University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA;
| | - Claudio D. Silva
- Physical Therapy Department, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil; (C.D.S.); (C.A.S.); (A.M.C.)
| | - Camila A. Sakaguchi
- Physical Therapy Department, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil; (C.D.S.); (C.A.S.); (A.M.C.)
| | - Aparecida M. Catai
- Physical Therapy Department, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil; (C.D.S.); (C.A.S.); (A.M.C.)
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Klein DJ, Anthony TG, McKeever KH. Metabolomics in equine sport and exercise. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2020; 105:140-148. [PMID: 32511844 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
metabolomics is the high-throughput, multiparametric identification and classification of hundreds of low molecular weight metabolites in a biological sample. Ultimately, metabolites are the downstream readouts of cellular signalling, transcriptomic and proteomic changes that can provide a comprehensive view of tissue and organismal phenotype. The popularity of metabolomics in human sport and exercise has been gaining over the past decade and has provided important insights into the energetic demands and mechanistic underpinnings of exercise and training. To the contrary, metabolomics in the field of equine exercise physiology is lagging despite the horse's superior aerobic and muscular capabilities, as well as its prominence in competitive sport. As such, this narrative review aims to describe metabolomics, its routine implementation, the various analytical methods applied and the state of its use in the equine athlete. Sufficient attention will be paid to methodological considerations, as well as gaps in the equine literature, particularly with regard to the skeletal muscle metabolome. Finally, there will be a brief discussion of the future directions and barriers to metabolomics use in the athletic horse. A thorough understanding of the metabolomics changes that occur in the equine athlete with exercise will undoubtedly help to improve horse management and health across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan J Klein
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey, USA
| | - Tracy G Anthony
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.,New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Kenneth H McKeever
- Rutgers Equine Science Center, Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
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Sanford JA, Nogiec CD, Lindholm ME, Adkins JN, Amar D, Dasari S, Drugan JK, Fernández FM, Radom-Aizik S, Schenk S, Snyder MP, Tracy RP, Vanderboom P, Trappe S, Walsh MJ, Adkins JN, Amar D, Dasari S, Drugan JK, Evans CR, Fernandez FM, Li Y, Lindholm ME, Nogiec CD, Radom-Aizik S, Sanford JA, Schenk S, Snyder MP, Tomlinson L, Tracy RP, Trappe S, Vanderboom P, Walsh MJ, Lee Alekel D, Bekirov I, Boyce AT, Boyington J, Fleg JL, Joseph LJ, Laughlin MR, Maruvada P, Morris SA, McGowan JA, Nierras C, Pai V, Peterson C, Ramos E, Roary MC, Williams JP, Xia A, Cornell E, Rooney J, Miller ME, Ambrosius WT, Rushing S, Stowe CL, Jack Rejeski W, Nicklas BJ, Pahor M, Lu CJ, Trappe T, Chambers T, Raue U, Lester B, Bergman BC, Bessesen DH, Jankowski CM, Kohrt WM, Melanson EL, Moreau KL, Schauer IE, Schwartz RS, Kraus WE, Slentz CA, Huffman KM, Johnson JL, Willis LH, Kelly L, Houmard JA, Dubis G, Broskey N, Goodpaster BH, Sparks LM, Coen PM, Cooper DM, Haddad F, Rankinen T, Ravussin E, Johannsen N, Harris M, Jakicic JM, Newman AB, Forman DD, Kershaw E, Rogers RJ, Nindl BC, Page LC, Stefanovic-Racic M, Barr SL, Rasmussen BB, Moro T, Paddon-Jones D, Volpi E, Spratt H, Musi N, Espinoza S, Patel D, Serra M, Gelfond J, Burns A, Bamman MM, Buford TW, Cutter GR, Bodine SC, Esser K, Farrar RP, Goodyear LJ, Hirshman MF, Albertson BG, Qian WJ, Piehowski P, Gritsenko MA, Monore ME, Petyuk VA, McDermott JE, Hansen JN, Hutchison C, Moore S, Gaul DA, Clish CB, Avila-Pacheco J, Dennis C, Kellis M, Carr S, Jean-Beltran PM, Keshishian H, Mani D, Clauser K, Krug K, Mundorff C, Pearce C, Ivanova AA, Ortlund EA, Maner-Smith K, Uppal K, Zhang T, Sealfon SC, Zaslavsky E, Nair V, Li S, Jain N, Ge Y, Sun Y, Nudelman G, Ruf-zamojski F, Smith G, Pincas N, Rubenstein A, Anne Amper M, Seenarine N, Lappalainen T, Lanza IR, Sreekumaran Nair K, Klaus K, Montgomery SB, Smith KS, Gay NR, Zhao B, Hung CJ, Zebarjadi N, Balliu B, Fresard L, Burant CF, Li JZ, Kachman M, Soni T, Raskind AB, Gerszten R, Robbins J, Ilkayeva O, Muehlbauer MJ, Newgard CB, Ashley EA, Wheeler MT, Jimenez-Morales D, Raja A, Dalton KP, Zhen J, Suk Kim Y, Christle JW, Marwaha S, Chin ET, Hershman SG, Hastie T, Tibshirani R, Rivas MA. Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium (MoTrPAC): Mapping the Dynamic Responses to Exercise. Cell 2020; 181:1464-1474. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Zare MM, Ghram A, Akbarnejad A, Soori R, Charkhi Sahl Abad A, Azizi Ghuchan F, Nunes-Silva A. Effect of purslane seed supplementation on inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress and muscle damage in response to high-intensity intermittent exercise in national athlete runners. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-019-00572-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Hernández-Saavedra D, Stanford KI. The Regulation of Lipokines by Environmental Factors. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2422. [PMID: 31614481 PMCID: PMC6835582 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a highly metabolically-active tissue that senses and secretes hormonal and lipid mediators that facilitate adaptations to metabolic tissues. In recent years, the role of lipokines, which are lipid species predominantly secreted from adipose tissue that act as hormonal regulators in many metabolic tissues, has been an important area of research for obesity and diabetes. Previous studies have identified that these secreted lipids, including palmitoleate, 12,13-diHOME, and fatty acid-hydroxy-fatty acids (FAHFA) species, are important regulators of metabolism. Moreover, environmental factors that directly affect the secretion of lipokines such as diet, exercise, and exposure to cold temperatures constitute attractive therapeutic strategies, but the mechanisms that regulate lipokine stimulation have not been thoroughly reviewed. In this study, we will discuss the chemical characteristics of lipokines that position them as attractive targets for chronic disease treatment and prevention and the emerging roles of lipokines as regulators of inter-tissue communication. We will define the target tissues of lipokines, and explore the ability of lipokines to prevent or delay the onset and development of chronic diseases. Comprehensive understanding of the lipokine synthesis and lipokine-driven regulation of metabolic outcomes is instrumental for developing novel preventative and therapeutic strategies that harness adipose tissue-derived lipokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Hernández-Saavedra
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Kristin I Stanford
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Abstract
Adaptive thermogenesis is a catabolic process that consumes energy-storing molecules and expends that energy as heat in response to environmental changes. This process occurs primarily in brown and beige adipose tissue. Thermogenesis is regulated by many factors, including lipid derived paracrine and endocrine hormones called lipokines. Recently, technologic advances for identifying new lipid biomarkers of thermogenic activity have shed light on a diverse set of lipokines that act through different pathways to regulate energy expenditure. In this review, we highlight a few examples of lipokines that regulate thermogenesis. The biosynthesis, regulation, and effects of the thermogenic lipokines in several families are reviewed, including oloeylethanolamine, endocannabinoids, prostaglandin E2, and 12,13-diHOME. These thermogenic lipokines present potential therapeutic targets to combat states of excess energy storage, such as obesity and related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Lynes
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sean D Kodani
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yu-Hua Tseng
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Correspondence: Yu-Hua Tseng, PhD, Joslin Diabetes Center, One Joslin Place, Boston, Massachusetts 02215. E-mail:
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Sakaguchi CA, Nieman DC, Signini EF, Abreu RM, Catai AM. Metabolomics-Based Studies Assessing Exercise-Induced Alterations of the Human Metabolome: A Systematic Review. Metabolites 2019; 9:metabo9080164. [PMID: 31405020 PMCID: PMC6724094 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9080164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This systematic review provides a qualitative appraisal of 24 high-quality metabolomics-based studies published over the past decade exploring exercise-induced alterations of the human metabolome. Of these papers, 63% focused on acute metabolite changes following intense and prolonged exercise. The best studies utilized liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analytical platforms with large chemical standard libraries and strong, multivariate bioinformatics support. These studies reported large-fold changes in diverse lipid-related metabolites, with more than 100 increasing two-fold or greater within a few hours post-exercise. Metabolite shifts, even after strenuous exercise, typically return to near pre-exercise levels after one day of recovery. Few studies investigated metabolite changes following acute exercise bouts of shorter durations (< 60 min) and workload volumes. Plasma metabolite shifts in these types of studies are modest in comparison. More cross-sectional and exercise training studies are needed to improve scientific understanding of the human system’s response to varying, chronic exercise workloads. The findings derived from this review provide direction for future investigations focused on the body’s metabolome response to exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila A Sakaguchi
- Physical Therapy Department, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil.
| | - David C Nieman
- North Carolina Research Campus, Appalachian State University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Etore F Signini
- Physical Therapy Department, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Raphael M Abreu
- Physical Therapy Department, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Aparecida M Catai
- Physical Therapy Department, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil
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Ye Y, Wu T, Zhang T, Han J, Habazi D, Saxena R, Mohan C. Elevated oxidized lipids, anti-lipid autoantibodies and oxidized lipid immune complexes in active SLE. Clin Immunol 2019; 205:43-48. [PMID: 31075396 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Here, we explore the serum levels of anti-oxidized lipid autoantibodies as well as immune complexes in patients with SLE and determine their correlation with disease. METHODS Serum levels of oxidized-LDL immune complexes, autoantibodies to dsDNA, ox-LDL, MDA-LDL, 9-HODE, 13-HODE and POVPC were detected by ELISA in 64 SLE patients and 9 healthy controls. RESULTS Active SLE patients exhibited increased serum levels of autoantibodies compared to healthy controls, including anti-MDA-LDL-IgG (p = .003), anti-ox-LDL-IgG (p = .004), anti-9-HODE-IgG (p = .001), anti-13-HODE-IgG (p = .0003), anti-POVPC-IgG (p = .001) and ox-LDL-IC (p = .003). Serum anti-ox-LDL-IgG was positively correlated with SLEDAI (r = 0.34; p = .01), and negatively with C3 (r = -0.40; p = .01). Anti-9-HODE-IgG and anti-POVPC-IgG were positively correlated with SLEDAI and negatively with C4. CONCLUSIONS Active SLE patients exhibit significantly increased serum levels of IgG anti-oxidized-lipid autoantibodies. Coordinated elevation of oxidized lipids, autoantibodies to these lipids, and immune complexes of these lipid-antibody components could potentially serve as pathogenic drivers and serum markers of SLE disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Ye
- Department of Internal Medicine and Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Tianfu Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jie Han
- Department of Internal Medicine and Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Deena Habazi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ramesh Saxena
- Department of Internal Medicine and Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Chandra Mohan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
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Nieman DC, Wentz LM. The compelling link between physical activity and the body's defense system. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2019; 8:201-217. [PMID: 31193280 PMCID: PMC6523821 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 592] [Impact Index Per Article: 118.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes research discoveries within 4 areas of exercise immunology that have received the most attention from investigators: (1) acute and chronic effects of exercise on the immune system, (2) clinical benefits of the exercise-immune relationship, (3) nutritional influences on the immune response to exercise, and (4) the effect of exercise on immunosenescence. These scientific discoveries can be organized into distinctive time periods: 1900-1979, which focused on exercise-induced changes in basic immune cell counts and function; 1980-1989, during which seminal papers were published with evidence that heavy exertion was associated with transient immune dysfunction, elevated inflammatory biomarkers, and increased risk of upper respiratory tract infections; 1990-2009, when additional focus areas were added to the field of exercise immunology including the interactive effect of nutrition, effects on the aging immune system, and inflammatory cytokines; and 2010 to the present, when technological advances in mass spectrometry allowed system biology approaches (i.e., metabolomics, proteomics, lipidomics, and microbiome characterization) to be applied to exercise immunology studies. The future of exercise immunology will take advantage of these technologies to provide new insights on the interactions between exercise, nutrition, and immune function, with application down to the personalized level. Additionally, these methodologies will improve mechanistic understanding of how exercise-induced immune perturbations reduce the risk of common chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C. Nieman
- Human Performance Laboratory, Appalachian State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
- Corresponding author.
| | - Laurel M. Wentz
- Department of Nutrition and Health Care Management, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA
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Nieman DC, Gillitt ND, Chen GY, Zhang Q, Sakaguchi CA, Stephan EH. Carbohydrate intake attenuates post-exercise plasma levels of cytochrome P450-generated oxylipins. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213676. [PMID: 30883596 PMCID: PMC6422332 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Oxylipins are bioactive oxidation products derived from n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the linoleic acid and α-linolenic desaturation pathways. Purpose This study determined if carbohydrate intake during prolonged and intensive cycling countered post-exercise increases in n-6 and n-3 PUFA-derived oxylipins. Methods The research design utilized a randomized, crossover, counterbalanced approach with cyclists (N = 20, overnight fasted state, 7:00 am start) who engaged in four 75-km time trials while ingesting two types of bananas (Cavendish, Mini-yellow), a 6% sugar beverage, and water only. Carbohydrate intake was set at 0.2 g/kg every 15 minutes, and blood samples were collected pre-exercise and 0 h-, 0.75 h-,1.5 h-, 3 h-, 4.5 h-, 21 h-, 45 h-post-exercise. Oxylipins were measured with a targeted liquid chromatography-multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometric method. Results Significant time effects and substantial fold-increases (immediately post-exercise/pre-exercise) were measured for plasma levels of arachidonic acid (ARA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and 43 of 45 oxylipins. Significant interaction effects (4 trials x 8 time points) were found for plasma ARA (P<0.001) and DHA (P<0.001), but not EPA (P = 0.255), with higher post-exercise values found in the water trial compared to the carbohydrate trials. Significant interaction effects were also measured for 12 of 45 oxylipins. The data supported a strong exercise-induced increase in plasma levels of these oxylipins during the water trial, with carbohydrate ingestion (both bananas types and the sugar beverage) attenuating oxylipin increases, especially those (9 of 12) generated from the cytochrome P-450 (CYP) enzyme system. These trials differences were especially apparent within the first three hours of recovery from the 75-km cycling bout. Conclusions Prolonged and intensive exercise evoked a transient but robust increase in plasma levels of oxylipins, with a significant attenuation effect linked to acute carbohydrate ingestion for 28% of these, especially those generated through the CYP enzyme system. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, U.S. National Institutes of Health, NCT02994628
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Affiliation(s)
- David C. Nieman
- Human Performance Laboratory, Appalachian State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Nicholas D. Gillitt
- Dole Nutrition Research Laboratory, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Guan-Yuan Chen
- UNCG Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Qibin Zhang
- UNCG Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Camila A. Sakaguchi
- Physical Therapy Department, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Ella H. Stephan
- Department of Nutrition, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
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Nieman DC, Lila MA, Gillitt ND. Immunometabolism: A Multi-Omics Approach to Interpreting the Influence of Exercise and Diet on the Immune System. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2019; 10:341-363. [PMID: 30633566 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-032818-121316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Immunometabolism is an evolving field of scientific endeavor that merges immunology and metabolism and has provided valuable context when evaluating the influence of dietary interventions on exercise-induced immune dysfunction. Metabolomics, lipidomics, and proteomics provide a system-wide view of the metabolic response to exercise by simultaneously measuring and identifying a large number of small-molecule metabolites, lipids, and proteins. Many of these are involved with immune function and regulation and are sensitive to dietary influences, especially acute carbohydrate ingestion from either sugar beverages or fruits such as bananas. Emerging evidence using large multi-omics data sets supports the combined intake of fruit sugars and phytochemicals by athletes during heavy exertion as an effective strategy to improve metabolic recovery, augment viral defense, and counter postexercise inflammation and immune dysfunction at the cell level. Multi-omics methodologies have given investigators new outcome targets to assess the efficacy of various dietary interventions for physiologically stressed athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Nieman
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Health and Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, USA;
| | - Mary Ann Lila
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Department of Food, Bioprocessing & Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, USA
| | - Nicholas D Gillitt
- Dole Nutrition Research Laboratory, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, USA
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Zhang J, Bhattacharyya S, Hickner RC, Light AR, Lambert CJ, Gale BK, Fiehn O, Adams SH. Skeletal muscle interstitial fluid metabolomics at rest and associated with an exercise bout: application in rats and humans. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 316:E43-E53. [PMID: 30398905 PMCID: PMC6417688 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00156.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Blood or biopsies are often used to characterize metabolites that are modulated by exercising muscle. However, blood has inputs derived from multiple tissues, biopsies cannot discriminate between secreted and intracellular metabolites, and their invasive nature is challenging for frequent collections in sensitive populations (e.g., children and pregnant women). Thus, minimally invasive approaches to interstitial fluid (IF) metabolomics would be valuable. A catheter was designed to collect IF from the gastrocnemius muscle of acutely anesthetized adult male rats at rest or immediately following 20 min of exercise (~60% of maximal O2 uptake). Nontargeted, gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis was used to detect 299 metabolites, including nonannotated metabolites, sugars, fatty acids, amino acids, and purine metabolites and derivatives. Just 43% of all detected metabolites were common to IF and blood plasma, and only 20% of exercise-modified metabolites were shared in both pools, highlighting that the blood does not fully reflect the metabolic outcomes in muscle. Notable exercise patterns included increased IF amino acids (except leucine and isoleucine), increased α-ketoglutarate and citrate (which may reflect tricarboxylic acid cataplerosis or shifts in nonmitochondrial pathways), and higher concentration of the signaling lipid oleamide. A preliminary study of human muscle IF was conducted using a 20-kDa microdialysis catheter placed in the vastus lateralis of five healthy adults at rest and during exercise (65% of estimated maximal heart rate). Approximately 70% of commonly detected metabolites discriminating rest vs. exercise in rats were also changed in exercising humans. Interstitium metabolomics may aid in the identification of molecules that signal muscle work (e.g., exertion and fatigue) and muscle health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah School of Medicine , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Sudeepa Bhattacharyya
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center , Little Rock, Arkansas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Robert C Hickner
- Department of Nutrition, Food, and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida
- College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, South Africa
| | - Alan R Light
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah School of Medicine , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | | | - Bruce K Gale
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California , Davis, California
| | - Sean H Adams
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center , Little Rock, Arkansas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock, Arkansas
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Nieman DC, Gillitt ND, Sha W. Identification of a select metabolite panel for measuring metabolic perturbation in response to heavy exertion. Metabolomics 2018; 14:147. [PMID: 30830401 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-018-1444-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE Databases from three global metabolomics-based studies (N = 59) (PMID: 25409020, 26561314, 29566095) were evaluated for metabolite shifts following heavy exertion (75-km cycling) to generate a representative, select panel of metabolites identified by variable importance in projection (VIP) scores. METHODS AND RESULTS OPLS-DA was used to separate samples at pre- and post-exercise during the water-only trial in one of the studies (PMID: 26561314), and of 590 metabolites, 26 (all but one from the lipid pathway) had a VIP > 2 and were selected for the panel. A second OPLS-DA based on the 26 metabolites was performed to separate pre- and post-exercise samples, and this model performed as well as the one with 590 metabolites (Q2Y = 0.923, 0.925 respectively); this model also showed a complete separation using OPLS-DA plots between pre- and post-exercise samples for the other two studies. A latent variable t1 (a linear combination of the 26 metabolites), was generated and the metabolite data at each time point were projected to t1 with the relative distance on t1 and area under the curve (AUC) determined from the three databases. Acute carbohydrate compared to water-only ingestion was linked to a 28-47% reduction in AUCs following exercise depending on the carbohydrate source and recovery time period. CONCLUSIONS These data support that a panel of 26 metabolites can be used to represent global metabolite increases induced by prolonged, intensive exercise. This select panel includes metabolites primarily from the lipid super pathway, and exercise-induced increases are sensitive to the moderating effect of acute carbohydrate ingestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Nieman
- Human Performance Laboratory, Appalachian State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA.
| | - Nicholas D Gillitt
- Dole Nutrition Research Laboratory, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Wei Sha
- Bioinformatics Services Division, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA.
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Håkansson I, Gouveia-Figueira S, Ernerudh J, Vrethem M, Ghafouri N, Ghafouri B, Nording M. Oxylipins in cerebrospinal fluid in clinically isolated syndrome and relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2018; 138:41-47. [PMID: 30118859 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Although oxylipins are involved in inflammation, data on these lipid mediators in multiple sclerosis are sparse. In this study, a panel of oxylipins were analysed swith liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 41 treatment naïve patients with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) or relapsing remitting MS (RRMS) and 22 healthy controls. CSF levels of 9-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (9-HODE) and 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (13-HODE) were significantly higher in patients than in healthy controls (9-HODE median 380 nM (interquartile range 330-450 nM) in patients and 290 nM (interquartile range 250-340 nM) in controls, 13-HODE median 930 nM (interquartile range 810-1080 nM) in patients and 690 nM (interquartile range 570-760 nM) in controls, p < 0.001 in Mann-Whitney U tests). 9-HODE and 13-HODE performed well for separation of patients and healthy controls (AUC 0.85 and 0.88, respectively, in ROC curve analysis). However, baseline CSF levels of the oxylipins did not differ between patients with signs of disease activity during one, two and four years of follow-up and patients without. In conclusion, this study indicates that 9-HODE and 13-HODE levels are increased in CSF from CIS and RRMS patients compared with healthy controls, but does not support 9-HODE or 13-HODE as prognostic biomarkers of disease activity in patients during follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Håkansson
- Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
| | | | - Jan Ernerudh
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Magnus Vrethem
- Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Nazdar Ghafouri
- Pain and Rehabilitation Centre and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Bijar Ghafouri
- Pain and Rehabilitation Centre and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Malin Nording
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, USA
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Effect of 4-Week Ingestion of Tomato-Based Carotenoids on Exercise-Induced Inflammation, Muscle Damage, and Oxidative Stress in Endurance Runners. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2018; 28:266-273. [DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.2017-0272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover trial determined if ingestion of a supplement containing a tomato complex with lycopene, phytoene, and phytofluene (T-LPP) and other compounds for 4 weeks would attenuate inflammation, muscle damage, and oxidative stress postexercise and during recovery from a 2-hr running bout that included 30 min of −10% downhill running. Study participants ingested the T-LPP supplement or placebo with the evening meal for 4 weeks prior to running 2 hr at high intensity. Blood samples and delayed onset muscle soreness ratings were taken pre- and post-4-week supplementation, and immediately following the 2-hr run, and then 1-hr, 24-hr, and 48-hr postrun. After a 2-week washout period, participants crossed over to the opposite treatment and repeated all procedures. Plasma lycopene, phytoene, and phytofluene increased significantly in T-LPP compared with placebo (p < .001 for each). Significant time effects were shown for serum creatine kinase, delayed onset muscle soreness, C-reactive protein, myoglobin, 9- and 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acids, ferric reducing ability of plasma, and six plasma cytokines (p < .001 for each). The pattern of increase for serum myoglobin differed between T-LPP and placebo (interaction effect, p = .016, with lower levels in T-LPP), but not for creatine kinase, delayed onset muscle soreness, C-reactive protein, the six cytokines, 9- and 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acids, and ferric reducing ability of plasma. No significant time or interaction effects were measured for plasma-oxidized low-density lipoprotein or serum 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine. In summary, supplementation with T-LPP over a 4-week period increased plasma carotenoid levels 73% and attenuated postexercise increases in the muscle damage biomarker myoglobin, but not inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Stanford KI, Lynes MD, Takahashi H, Baer LA, Arts PJ, May FJ, Lehnig AC, Middelbeek RJW, Richard JJ, So K, Chen EY, Gao F, Narain NR, Distefano G, Shettigar VK, Hirshman MF, Ziolo MT, Kiebish MA, Tseng YH, Coen PM, Goodyear LJ. 12,13-diHOME: An Exercise-Induced Lipokine that Increases Skeletal Muscle Fatty Acid Uptake. Cell Metab 2018; 27:1111-1120.e3. [PMID: 29719226 PMCID: PMC5935136 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Circulating factors released from tissues during exercise have been hypothesized to mediate some of the health benefits of regular physical activity. Lipokines are circulating lipid species that have recently been reported to affect metabolism in response to cold. Here, lipidomics analysis revealed that a bout of moderate-intensity exercise causes a pronounced increase in the circulating lipid 12,13-dihydroxy-9Z-octadecenoic acid (12,13-diHOME) in male, female, young, old, sedentary, and active human subjects. In mice, both a single bout of exercise and exercise training increased circulating 12,13-diHOME and surgical removal of brown adipose tissue (BAT) negated the increase in 12,13-diHOME, suggesting that BAT is the tissue source for exercise-stimulated 12,13-diHOME. Acute 12,13-diHOME treatment of mice in vivo increased skeletal muscle fatty acid uptake and oxidation, but not glucose uptake. These data reveal that lipokines are novel exercise-stimulated circulating factors that may contribute to the metabolic changes that occur with physical exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin I Stanford
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 460 W. 12(th) Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Matthew D Lynes
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Hirokazu Takahashi
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Lisa A Baer
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 460 W. 12(th) Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Peter J Arts
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 460 W. 12(th) Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Francis J May
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 460 W. 12(th) Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Adam C Lehnig
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 460 W. 12(th) Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Roeland J W Middelbeek
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Richard
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Kawai So
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | - Fei Gao
- BERG, Framingham, MA 01701, USA
| | | | - Giovanna Distefano
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute at Lake Nona, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Vikram K Shettigar
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 460 W. 12(th) Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Michael F Hirshman
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Mark T Ziolo
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 460 W. 12(th) Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | | | - Yu-Hua Tseng
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Paul M Coen
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute at Lake Nona, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Laurie J Goodyear
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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