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Wuttiputhanun T, Phannajit J, Susantitaphong P, Katavetin P. Paradoxical effect of colchicine on urine monocyte chemoattractant protein 1: results from an exploratory randomized controlled trial. J Nephrol 2024:10.1007/s40620-024-01969-w. [PMID: 38836999 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-024-01969-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Thunyatorn Wuttiputhanun
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, 1873 Rama 4 Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Excellence Center for Organ Transplantation (ECOT), King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jeerath Phannajit
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, 1873 Rama 4 Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Metabolic Bone Disease in CKD Patients, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Paweena Susantitaphong
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, 1873 Rama 4 Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Metabolic Bone Disease in CKD Patients, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pisut Katavetin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, 1873 Rama 4 Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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Zhang Z, Zhanghuang C, Mi T, Jin L, Liu J, Li M, Wu X, Wang J, Li M, Wang Z, Guo P, He D. The PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway mediates the cytoskeletal remodeling and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in bladder outlet obstruction. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21281. [PMID: 38027933 PMCID: PMC10663759 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Partial bladder outlet obstruction(pBOO) is the most common cause of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and significantly affects the quality of life. Long-term pBOO can cause changes in bladder structure and function, referred to as bladder remodeling. The pathogenesis of pBOO-induced bladder remodeling has yet to be fully understood, so effective treatment options are lacking. Our study aimed to explore how pBOO-induced bladder remodeling brings new strategies for treating pBOO. Methods A rat model of pBOO was established by partial ligation of the bladder neck, and the morphological changes and fibrosis changes in the bladder tissues were detected by H&E and Masson trichrome staining. Furthermore, EMT(epithelial-mesenchymal transition) related indicators and related pathway changes were further examined after TGF- β treatment of urothelial cells SV-HUC-1. Finally, the above indicators were tested again after using the PI3K inhibitor. Subsequently, RNA sequencing of bladder tissues to identify differential genes and related pathways enrichment and validated by immunofluorescence and western blotting analysis. Results The pBOO animal model was successfully established by partially ligating the bladder neck. H&E staining showed significant changes in the bladder structure, and Masson trichrome staining showed significantly increased collagen fibers. RNA sequencing results significantly enriched in the cytoskeleton, epithelial-mesenchymal transformation, and the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway. Immunofluorescence and western blotting revealed EMT and cytoskeletal remodeling in SV-HUC-1 cells after induction of TGF- β and in the pBOO bladder tissues. The western blotting showed significant activation of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway in SV-HUC-1 cells after induction of TGF-β and in pBOO bladder tissues. Furthermore, EMT and cytoskeletal damage were partially reversed after PI3K pathway inhibition using PI3K inhibitors. Conclusions In the pBOO rat model, the activation of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway can mediate the cytoskeletal remodeling and the EMT to induce fibrosis in the bladder tissues. PI3K inhibitors partially reversed EMT and cytoskeletal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxia Zhang
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, 400014, PR China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, PR China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, PR China
| | - Chenghao Zhanghuang
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, 400014, PR China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, PR China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, PR China
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650103, PR China
| | - Tao Mi
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, 400014, PR China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, PR China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, PR China
| | - Liming Jin
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, 400014, PR China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, PR China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, PR China
| | - Jiayan Liu
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, 400014, PR China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, PR China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, PR China
| | - Maoxian Li
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, 400014, PR China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, PR China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, PR China
| | - Xin Wu
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, 400014, PR China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, PR China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, PR China
| | - Jinkui Wang
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, 400014, PR China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, PR China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, PR China
| | - Mujie Li
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, 400014, PR China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, PR China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, PR China
| | - Zhang Wang
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, 400014, PR China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, PR China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, PR China
| | - Peng Guo
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, 400014, PR China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, PR China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, PR China
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, PR China
| | - Dawei He
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, 400014, PR China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, PR China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, PR China
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Garg AX, Cuerden M, Cata J, Chan MTV, Devereaux PJ, Fleischmann E, Grande AM, Kabon B, Landoni G, Maziak DE, McLean S, Parikh C, Popova E, Reimer C, Trujillo Reyes JC, Roshanov P, Sessler DI, Srinathan S, Sontrop JM, Gonzalez Tallada A, Wang MK, Wells JR, Conen D. Effect of Colchicine on the Risk of Perioperative Acute Kidney Injury: Clinical Protocol of a Substudy of the Colchicine for the Prevention of Perioperative Atrial Fibrillation Randomized Clinical Trial. Can J Kidney Health Dis 2023; 10:20543581231185427. [PMID: 37457622 PMCID: PMC10338661 DOI: 10.1177/20543581231185427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammation during and after surgery can lead to organ damage including acute kidney injury. Colchicine, an established inexpensive anti-inflammatory medication, may help to protect the organs from pro-inflammatory damage. This protocol describes a kidney substudy of the colchicine for the prevention of perioperative atrial fibrillation (COP-AF) study, which is testing the effect of colchicine versus placebo on the risk of atrial fibrillation and myocardial injury among patients undergoing thoracic surgery. Objective Our kidney substudy of COP-AF will determine whether colchicine reduces the risk of perioperative acute kidney injury compared with a placebo. We will also examine whether colchicine has a larger absolute benefit in patients with pre-existing chronic kidney disease, the most prominent risk factor for acute kidney injury. Design and Setting Randomized, superiority clinical trial conducted in 40 centers in 11 countries from 2018 to 2023. Patients Patients (~3200) aged 55 years and older having major thoracic surgery. Intervention Patients are randomized 1:1 to receive oral colchicine (0.5 mg tablet) or a matching placebo, given twice daily starting 2 to 4 hours before surgery for a total of 10 days. Patients, health care providers, data collectors, and outcome adjudicators will be blinded to the randomized treatment allocation. Methods Serum creatinine concentrations will be measured before surgery and on postoperative days 1, 2, and 3 (or until hospital discharge). The primary outcome of the substudy is perioperative acute kidney injury, defined as an increase (from the prerandomization value) in serum creatinine concentration of either ≥26.5 μmol/L (≥0.3 mg/dL) within 48 hours of surgery or ≥50% within 7 days of surgery. The primary analysis (intention-to-treat) will examine the relative risk of acute kidney injury in patients allocated to receive colchicine versus placebo. We will repeat the primary analysis using alternative definitions of acute kidney injury and examine effect modification by pre-existing chronic kidney disease, defined as a prerandomization estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min per 1.73 m2. Limitations The substudy will be underpowered to detect small effects on more severe forms of acute kidney injury treated with dialysis. Results Substudy results will be reported in 2024. Conclusions This substudy will estimate the effect of colchicine on the risk of perioperative acute kidney injury in older adults undergoing major thoracic surgery. Clinical trial registration number NCT03310125.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Juan Cata
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sean McLean
- Vancouver Acute Department of Anesthesiology, Vancouver General Hospital, BC, Canada
| | - Chirag Parikh
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | - Pavel Roshanov
- London Health Sciences Centre, ON, Canada
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - David Conen
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Landau D, Shukri N, Arazi E, Tobar A, Segev Y. Beneficiary Effects of Colchicine on Inflammation and Fibrosis in a Mouse Model of Kidney Injury. Nephron Clin Pract 2023; 147:693-700. [PMID: 37263257 DOI: 10.1159/000531313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Low-grade inflammation is seen in many chronic illnesses, including chronic kidney disease (CKD). We have recently reported on beneficiary effects of anti-inflammatory treatment in the interleukin (IL-) 1 pathway on anemia as well as CKD extent in a mouse model. Colchicine has been shown to have beneficiary effects in several inflammatory conditions through various mechanisms, including inhibition of tubulin polymerization as well as caspase-1-mediated IL-1 activation. METHODS Kidney injury (KI) was induced by administering an adenine diet to 8-week-old C57BL/6J mice treated with colchicine (Col) (30 µg/kg) or saline injections for 3 weeks, generating 4 groups: C, Ccol, KI, and KIcol. RESULTS KI animals had an increase in inflammation indices in the blood (neutrophils), liver, and kidneys (uromodulin, IL-6, pSTAT3). Increased kidney tubulin polymerization and caspase-1 in KI, as well as kidney Mid88 and IRAK4 (downstream of IL-1), were inhibited in KIcol. Kidney macrophage and polymorphonuclear infiltration (positive for F4/80 and MPO, respectively), the percentage of fibrotic area, and TGFβ mRNA levels were lower in KIcol versus KI. CONCLUSIONS Colchicine inhibited tubulin polymerization and caspase-1 activation and attenuated kidney inflammation and fibrosis in a mouse model of adenine-induced KI. Given its reported safety profile for long-term anti-inflammatory therapy without increasing infection tendency, it may serve as novel therapeutic approach in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Landau
- Institute of Nephrology, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nehoray Shukri
- Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Eden Arazi
- Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Ana Tobar
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Institute of Pathology, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Yael Segev
- Institute of Pathology, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
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Integrin β1/Cell Surface GRP78 Complex Regulates TGFβ1 and Its Profibrotic Effects in Response to High Glucose. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092247. [PMID: 36140347 PMCID: PMC9496450 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading cause of kidney failure worldwide. Characterized by overproduction and accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, glomerular sclerosis is its earliest manifestation. High glucose (HG) plays a central role by increasing matrix production by glomerular mesangial cells (MC). We previously showed that HG induces translocation of GRP78 from the endoplasmic reticulum to the cell surface (csGRP78), where it acts as a signaling molecule to promote intracellular profibrotic FAK/Akt activation. Here, we identify integrin β1 as a key transmembrane signaling partner for csGRP78. We show that it is required for csGRP78-regulated FAK/Akt activation in response to HG, as well as downstream production, secretion and activity of the well characterized profibrotic cytokine transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1). Intriguingly, integrin β1 also itself promotes csGRP78 translocation. Furthermore, integrin β1 effects on cytoskeletal organization are not required for its function in csGRP78 translocation and signaling. These data together support an important pathologic role for csGRP78/integrin β1 in mediating key profibrotic responses to HG in kidney cells. Inhibition of their interaction will be further evaluated as a therapeutic target to limit fibrosis progression in DKD.
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Shen S, Duan J, Hu J, Qi Y, Kang L, Wang K, Chen J, Wu X, Xu B, Gu R. Colchicine alleviates inflammation and improves diastolic dysfunction in heart failure rats with preserved ejection fraction. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 929:175126. [PMID: 35779623 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Several studies have reported that colchicine attenuates cardiac inflammation and improves cardiac function in myocardial infarction and atrial fibrillation. However, no study has investigated its effect on heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Hence, this study aimed to assess its efficacy in a high salt diet (HSD)-induced HFpEF rat model. METHODS A rat hypertension-induced HFpEF model was created by treating Dahl/SS salt-sensitive rats with an HSD for 6 weeks. Colchicine was given via gavage daily as treatment. Cardiac function and inflammation were assessed using echocardiography, histology, and ELISA. Furthermore, the expression levels of NLRP3 and NF-κB signaling pathways were examined. RESULTS Treatment with colchicine increased survival and attenuated cardiac dysfunction, as indicated by decreased echocardiographic E/A ratio and longer exercise endurance along with reduced ventricular fibrosis and remodeling in HSD-induced Dahl rats. The treatment also reduced cardiac oxidative stress and inflammatory cell infiltration, as inferred from lower mRNA expressions of TNFα and CCL2 as well as protein expressions of NLRP3 and NF-κB pathways. CONCLUSION The findings signify that colchicine plays a crucial role in alleviating systemic inflammation and NLRP3 inflammation activation as well as in attenuating cardiac dysfunction and fibrosis in HSD-induced HFpEF model. Colchicine, therefore, holds therapeutic potential for further clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, PR China
| | - Junfeng Duan
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, PR China
| | - Jiaxin Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, PR China
| | - Yu Qi
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, PR China
| | - Lina Kang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, PR China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, PR China
| | - Jianzhou Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, PR China
| | - Xiang Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, PR China
| | - Biao Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, PR China.
| | - Rong Gu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, PR China.
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Therapeutic potential of colchicine in cardiovascular medicine: a pharmacological review. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:2173-2190. [PMID: 35046517 PMCID: PMC8767044 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00835-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Colchicine is an ancient herbal drug derived from Colchicum autumnale. It was first used to treat familial Mediterranean fever and gout. Based on its unique efficacy as an anti-inflammatory agent, colchicine has been used in the therapy of cardiovascular diseases including coronary artery disease, atherosclerosis, recurrent pericarditis, vascular restenosis, heart failure, and myocardial infarction. More recently, colchicine has also shown therapeutic efficacy in alleviating cardiovascular complications of COVID-19. COLCOT and LoDoCo2 are two milestone clinical trials that confirm the curative effect of long-term administration of colchicine in reducing the incidence of cardiovascular events in patients with coronary artery disease. There is growing interest in studying the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of colchicine. The anti-inflammatory action of colchicine is mediated mainly through inhibiting the assembly of microtubules. At the cellular level, colchicine inhibits the following: (1) endothelial cell dysfunction and inflammation; (2) smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration; (3) macrophage chemotaxis, migration, and adhesion; (4) platelet activation. At the molecular level, colchicine reduces proinflammatory cytokine release and inhibits NF-κB signaling and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. In this review, we summarize the current clinical trials with proven curative effect of colchicine in treating cardiovascular diseases. We also systematically discuss the mechanisms of colchicine action in cardiovascular therapeutics. Altogether, colchicine, a bioactive constituent from an ancient medicinal herb, exerts unique anti-inflammatory effects and prominent cardiovascular actions, and will charter a new page in cardiovascular medicine.
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Abdelsalam M, Abd El Wahab AM, Nassar MK, Samaan E, Eldeep A, Abdalbary M, Tawfik M, Saleh M, Shemies RS, Sabry A. Kidneys in SARS-CoV-2 Era; a challenge of multiple faces. Ther Apher Dial 2022; 26:552-565. [PMID: 34989119 DOI: 10.1111/1744-9987.13792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION With the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, it was believed to be a direct respiratory virus. But, its deleterious effects were observed on different body systems, including kidneys. AIM OF WORK In this review, we tried as much as we can to summarize what has been discussed in the literature about the relation between SARS-CoV-2 infection and kidneys since December, 2019. METHODS Each part of the review was assigned to one or two authors to search for relevant articles in three databases (Pubmed, Scopus and Google scholar) and collected data were summarized and revised by two independent researchers. CONCLUSION The complexity of COVID-19 pandemic and kidney could be attributed to the direct effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the kidneys, different clinical presentation, difficulties confronting dialysis patients, restrictions of the organ transplant programs, poor outcomes and bad prognosis in patients with known history of kidney diseases who got infected with SARS-CoV-2. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Abdelsalam
- Mansoura Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | | | | | - Emad Samaan
- Mansoura Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Eldeep
- Mansoura Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdalbary
- Mansoura Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.,Division of Nephrology, Bone and Mineral Metabolism, University of Kentucky, US
| | - Mona Tawfik
- Mansoura Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Marwa Saleh
- Mansoura Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | | | - Alaa Sabry
- Mansoura Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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OUP accepted manuscript. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2022; 61:4314-4323. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keac077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Colchicine reduces atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability in rabbits. ATHEROSCLEROSIS PLUS 2021; 45:1-9. [PMID: 36643998 PMCID: PMC9833268 DOI: 10.1016/j.athplu.2021.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Background and aims The anti-inflammatory agent colchicine is gaining interest as a treatment for coronary artery disease. However, the effects of colchicine in atherosclerotic animal models are mostly unknown. This study aimed to evaluate colchicine in a rabbit model of atherosclerosis. Methods Twenty-two rabbits were fed a 0.5% cholesterol-enriched diet for 10 weeks and then randomized to receive either oral saline (n=11) or colchicine (350 μg/kg/day; n=11) for 6 weeks, with 0.2% cholesterol-diet during the treatment period. We performed intravascular ultrasound imaging (at start and end of treatment) and histology analyses of the descending thoracic aorta. Leucocyte activation was assessed in vitro on blood samples obtained during treatment. Results Colchicine prevented positive aortic vascular remodelling (p=0.029 vs placebo). This effect was even more marked at high plasma cholesterol level (third quartile of plasma cholesterol, p=0.020). At high cholesterol level, both atherosclerotic plaque and media areas on histomorphology were reduced by colchicine compared to placebo (p=0.031 and p=0.039, respectively). Plaque fibrosis and macrophage area were reduced by colchicine (Masson's trichrome stain: p=0.038; RAM-11: p=0.026). The plaque vulnerability index, assessed by histology, was reduced by colchicine (p=0.040). Elastin/type I collagen ratio in media was significantly higher with colchicine compared to placebo (p=0.013). At a high level of plasma cholesterol, in vitro LPS challenge revealed a decrease in monocyte activation following treatment with colchicine (p<0.001) and no change in the placebo group (p=0.353). Conclusions Colchicine decreases plaque vulnerability with reductions in plaque inflammation, medial fibrosis, outward vascular remodelling and ex vivo monocyte activation.
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Forkosh E, Kenig A, Ilan Y. Introducing variability in targeting the microtubules: Review of current mechanisms and future directions in colchicine therapy. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2021; 8:e00616. [PMID: 32608157 PMCID: PMC7327382 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubules (MTs) are highly dynamic polymers that constitute the cellular cytoskeleton and play a role in multiple cellular functions. Variability characterizes biological systems and is considered a part of the normal function of cells and organs. Variability contributes to cell plasticity and is a mechanism for overcoming errors in cellular level assembly and function, and potentially the whole organ level. Dynamic instability is a feature of biological variability that characterizes the function of MTs. The dynamic behavior of MTs constitutes the basis for multiple biological processes that contribute to cellular plasticity and the timing of cell signaling. Colchicine is a MT‐modifying drug that exerts anti‐inflammatory and anti‐cancer effects. This review discusses some of the functions of colchicine and presents a platform for introducing variability while targeting MTs in intestinal cells, the microbiome, the gut, and the systemic immune system. This platform can be used for implementing novel therapies, improving response to chronic MT‐based therapies, overcoming drug resistance, exerting gut‐based systemic immune responses, and generating patient‐tailored dynamic therapeutic regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Forkosh
- Department of Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Centre, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ariel Kenig
- Department of Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Centre, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yaron Ilan
- Department of Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Centre, Jerusalem, Israel
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OKTAY V, CIRALI IC, SARILAR M, MIRZAYEV K, JAFAROV U, ABACI O. The role of colchicine in preventing contrast-induced acute kidney injury in patients undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention. GAZZETTA MEDICA ITALIANA ARCHIVIO PER LE SCIENZE MEDICHE 2021. [DOI: 10.23736/s0393-3660.19.04196-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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13
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Mehta N, Li R, Zhang D, Soomro A, He J, Zhang I, MacDonald M, Gao B, Krepinsky JC. miR299a-5p promotes renal fibrosis by suppressing the antifibrotic actions of follistatin. Sci Rep 2021; 11:88. [PMID: 33420269 PMCID: PMC7794215 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80199-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Caveolin-1 (cav-1), an integral protein of the membrane microdomains caveolae, is required for synthesis of matrix proteins by glomerular mesangial cells (MC). Previously, we demonstrated that the antifibrotic protein follistatin (FST) is transcriptionally upregulated in cav-1 knockout MC and that its administration is protective against renal fibrosis. Here, we screened cav-1 wild-type and knockout MC for FST-targeting microRNAs in order to identity novel antifibrotic therapeutic targets. We identified that miR299a-5p was significantly suppressed in cav-1 knockout MC, and this was associated with stabilization of the FST 3'UTR. Overexpression and inhibition studies confirmed the role of miR299a-5p in regulating FST expression. Furthermore, the profibrotic cytokine TGFβ1 was found to stimulate the expression of miR299a-5p and, in turn, downregulate FST. Through inhibition of FST, miR299a-5p overexpression augmented, while miR299a-5p inhibition diminished TGFβ1 profibrotic responses, whereas miR299a-5p overexpression re-enabled cav-1 knockout MC to respond to TGFβ1. In vivo, miR299a-5p was upregulated in the kidneys of mice with chronic kidney disease (CKD). miR299a-5p inhibition protected these mice against renal fibrosis and CKD severity. Our data demonstrate that miR299a-5p is an important post-transcriptional regulator of FST, with its upregulation an important pathogenic contributor to renal fibrosis. Thus, miR299a-5p inhibition offers a potential novel therapeutic approach for CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neel Mehta
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Renzhong Li
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Dan Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Asfia Soomro
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Juehua He
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Ivan Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Melissa MacDonald
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Bo Gao
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Joan C Krepinsky
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.
- St. Joseph's Hospital, 50 Charlton Ave East, Rm T3311, Hamilton, ON, L8N 4A6, Canada.
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M. Mounika S, Manne R, Kannan N, Beeraka S, Sarath P, Saikiran K. Colchicine as a therapeutic drug in the management of oral submucous fibrosis - A randomized clinical study. JOURNAL OF INDIAN ACADEMY OF ORAL MEDICINE AND RADIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/jiaomr.jiaomr_108_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Misra DP, Gasparyan AY, Zimba O. Benefits and adverse effects of hydroxychloroquine, methotrexate and colchicine: searching for repurposable drug candidates. Rheumatol Int 2020; 40:1741-1751. [PMID: 32880032 PMCID: PMC7467139 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-020-04694-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Repurposing of antirheumatic drugs has garnered global attention. The aim of this article is to overview available evidence on the use of widely used antirheumatic drugs hydroxychloroquine, methotrexate and colchicine for additional indications. Hydroxychloroquine has endothelial stabilizing and anti-thrombotic effects. Its use has been explored as an adjunctive therapy in refractory thrombosis in antiphospholipid syndrome. It may also prevent recurrent pregnancy losses in the absence of antiphospholipid antibodies. Hydroxychloroquine favourably modulates atherogenic lipid and glycaemic profiles. Methotrexate has been tried for modulation of cardiovascular events in non-rheumatic clinical conditions, although a large clinical trial failed to demonstrate a benefit. Colchicine has been shown to successfully reduce the risk of recurrent cardiovascular events in a large multicentric trial. Potential antifibrotic effects of colchicine require further exploration. Hydroxychloroquine, methotrexate and colchicine are also being tried at different stages of the ongoing Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic for prophylaxis and treatment. While the use of these agents is being diversified, their adverse effects should be timely diagnosed and prevented. Hydroxychloroquine can cause retinopathy and rarely cardiac and auditory toxicity, retinopathy being dose and time dependent. Methotrexate can cause transaminitis, cytopenias and renal failure, particularly in acute overdoses. Colchicine can rarely cause myopathies, cardiomyopathy, cytopenias and transaminitis. Strong evidence is warranted to keep balance between benefits of repurposing these old antirheumatic drugs and risk of their adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durga Prasanna Misra
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Rae Bareli Road, Lucknow, 226014 India
| | - Armen Yuri Gasparyan
- Departments of Rheumatology and Research and Development, Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust (Teaching Trust of the University of Birmingham, UK), Russells Hall Hospital, Dudley, West Midlands UK
| | - Olena Zimba
- Department of Internal Medicine #2, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
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Fiolet ATL, Silvis MJM, Opstal TSJ, Bax WA, van der Horst FAL, Mosterd A, de Kleijn D, Cornel JH. Short-term effect of low-dose colchicine on inflammatory biomarkers, lipids, blood count and renal function in chronic coronary artery disease and elevated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237665. [PMID: 32866166 PMCID: PMC7458326 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Inflammation plays a pivotal role in atherothrombosis. Colchicine is an anti-inflammatory drug that may attenuate this process. Cardiovascular protective effects of anti-inflammatory drugs, however, seem to be limited to patients with a biochemical response. We therefore investigated whether short-term exposure to colchicine reduced inflammatory markers and whether additional laboratory changes occur in patients with chronic coronary artery disease. Methods & results In 138 consecutive patients with chronic coronary artery disease and a high sensitivity C-reactive Protein (hs-CRP) ≥ 2 mg/L, inflammatory markers, lipids, haematologic parameters and renal function were measured at baseline and after 30 days exposure to colchicine 0.5mg once daily. Hs-CRP decreased from baseline 4.40 mg/L (interquartile range [IQR] 2.83–6.99 mg/L) to 2.33 mg/L (IQR 1.41–4.17, median of the differences -1.66 mg/L, 95% confidence interval [CI] -2.17 – -1.22 mg/L, p-value <0.01), corresponding to a median change from baseline of -40%. Interleukin-6 decreased from 2.51 ng/L (IQR 1.59–4.32 ng/L) to 2.22 ng/L (median of the differences -0.36 ng/L, 95%CI -0.70 – -0.01 ng/L, p-value 0.04), corresponding to a median change from baseline of -16%. No clinically relevant changes in lipid fractions were observed. Both leukocyte and thrombocyte count decreased (median change from baseline -7% and -4% respectively). Estimated glomerular filtration rate decreased with a mean change from baseline of -2%. Conclusion In patients with chronic coronary artery disease and elevated hs-CRP, one-month exposure to colchicine 0.5 mg once daily was associated with a reduction of inflammatory markers. A small effect was seen on white blood cell count and platelet count, as well as a small decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aernoud T. L. Fiolet
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Dutch Network for Cardiovascular Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- The Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Max J. M. Silvis
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Willem A. Bax
- Department of Internal Medicine, Northwest Clinics, Alkmaar, The Netherlands
| | | | - Arend Mosterd
- Dutch Network for Cardiovascular Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Meander Medisch Centrum, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dominique de Kleijn
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan H. Cornel
- Dutch Network for Cardiovascular Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Northwest Clinics, Alkmaar, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Buchanan S, Combet E, Stenvinkel P, Shiels PG. Klotho, Aging, and the Failing Kidney. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:560. [PMID: 32982966 PMCID: PMC7481361 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Klotho has been recognized as a gene involved in the aging process in mammals for over 30 years, where it regulates phosphate homeostasis and the activity of members of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family. The α-Klotho protein is the receptor for Fibroblast Growth Factor-23 (FGF23), regulating phosphate homeostasis and vitamin D metabolism. Phosphate toxicity is a hallmark of mammalian aging and correlates with diminution of Klotho levels with increasing age. As such, modulation of Klotho activity is an attractive target for therapeutic intervention in the diseasome of aging; in particular for chronic kidney disease (CKD), where Klotho has been implicated directly in the pathophysiology. A range of senotherapeutic strategies have been developed to directly or indirectly influence Klotho expression, with varying degrees of success. These include administration of exogenous Klotho, synthetic and natural Klotho agonists and indirect approaches, via modulation of the foodome and the gut microbiota. All these approaches have significant potential to mitigate loss of physiological function and resilience accompanying old age and to improve outcomes within the diseasome of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Buchanan
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Emilie Combet
- School of Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing, Human Nutrition, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Stenvinkel
- Division of Renal Medicine M99, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paul G. Shiels
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Li YY, Jiang GT, Chen LJ, Jiang YH, Jiao JD. Formin mDia1 contributes to migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of tubular epithelial cells exposed to TGF-β1. J Cell Biochem 2020; 121:3861-3870. [PMID: 31692057 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Renal tubular epithelial cells may undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in response to stimuli, such as transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, leading to myofibroblast activation and renal fibrosis. The formin mDia1 is required for nucleation and polymerization of actin and the microtubule cytoskeleton. The present study sought to explore the role of mDia1 in EMT of tubular epithelial cells. A rat model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) was established. The expression of TGF-β1, collagen I, collagen III, and mDia1 in the kidneys was examined at day 7 after surgery. The effect of mDia1 on EMT was explored in NRK-52E cells by exposing them to TGF-β1. Increased expression of TGF-β1, collagen I, collagen III, and mDia1 was found in obstructive kidneys of UUO model rats. Exposing rat tubular epithelial cells to TGF-β1 promoted collagen I and collagen III expression but had no effect on mDia1 expression. Silencing mDia1 expression impeded epithelial cell migration as well as reduced TGF-β1, collagen, and Profilin1 expression, whereas mDia1 overexpression exerted an opposite effect. Furthermore, mDia1 regulated the expression of vimentin, α-smooth muscle actin, and E-cadherin and focal adhesion-kinase (FAK)/Src activation through Profilin1. Inhibition of the mDia1 activator RhoA by fasudil reversed EMT, and FAK/Src activation induced by mDia1. In conclusion, mDia1 regulated tubular epithelial cell migration, collagen expression, and EMT in NRK-52E cells exposed to TGF-β1. Thus, suppression of mDia1 activation might be a strategy to counteract renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ying Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.,Department of Nephrology, The 962 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Guo-Tao Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Li-Jie Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Harbin, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yan-Hong Jiang
- Department of Paediatrics, Hefei BOE Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jun-Dong Jiao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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Akodad M, Sicard P, Fauconnier J, Roubille F. Colchicine and myocardial infarction: A review. Arch Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 113:652-659. [PMID: 32712201 DOI: 10.1016/j.acvd.2020.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The inflammatory response is frequent after acute myocardial infarction, and may worsen ischaemia-reperfusion injuries, leading to increased infarct size and poor prognosis. Therefore, inflammation may be a promising therapeutic target, and anti-inflammatory drugs appear to be potential additional treatments in this context. Among these treatments, colchicine-a well-known drug that has been used for centuries in clinical practice for rheumatism-may represent the ideal candidate. Indeed, colchicine exerts direct anti-inflammatory and pleiotropic effects, with potential anti-arrhythmic, anti-fibrotic and anti-atherosclerotic effects, which are particularly interesting in this population of patients. The effects of colchicine in the context of acute myocardial infarction were first studied in preclinical models, with a decrease in inflammation demonstrated in several in vitro and in vivo models. Moreover, a decrease in infarct size and positive effects on haemodynamic variables were also recently demonstrated in a mouse model. Regarding clinical studies, the positive effect of colchicine in stable coronary disease and atherosclerosis was assessed initially. More recently, the value of colchicine in acute myocardial infarction has been studied, showing a positive effect on inflammation and infarct size reduction. Finally, a randomised trial (the COLCOT study) has shown a reduction in outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome treated with colchicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariama Akodad
- Department of Cardiology, Montpellier University Hospital, 34295 Montpellier, France; PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, 34295 Montpellier, France.
| | - Pierre Sicard
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Jérémy Fauconnier
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - François Roubille
- Department of Cardiology, Montpellier University Hospital, 34295 Montpellier, France; PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, 34295 Montpellier, France
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Yue Q, Liu T, Cheng Z. Protective Effect of Colchicine on LPS-Induced Lung Injury in Rats via Inhibition of P-38, ERK1/2, and JNK Activation. Pharmacology 2020; 105:639-644. [PMID: 32688359 DOI: 10.1159/000504759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute lung injury (ALI), a commonly detected syndrome, is characterized by the accumulation of neutrophils and leucocytes, and inflammation of pulmonary tissues. OBJECTIVE The present study was designed to investigate the effect and underlying mechanism of colchicine on LPS-induced lung injury. METHODS The rats were divided randomly into 6 groups of 10 each: normal control, untreated, and 4 colchicine (5, 10, 15, and 20 mg/kg) treatment groups. ALI was induced in rats by the administration of 20 μg LPS intratracheally. Rats in the normal control and untreated groups were injected normal saline, while those in the treatment groups received 5, 10, 15, and 20 mg/kg doses of colchicine daily for 1 month. ELISA was used for determination of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and leucocytes in the rat bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). The expression of P-38, JNK, and Erk-1/2 was analysed by Western blotting. RESULTS In LPS-administered TC-1 cells, the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were markedly higher. Treatment with colchicine reduced the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in LPS-administered TC-1 cells. Colchicine treatment caused a marked reduction in LPS-induced accumulation of inflammatory cells in the rat lungs. The LPS-induced aggregation of leucocytes and neutrophils in the rat BALF was also suppressed markedly on treatment with colchicine. Treatment of the lung injury in rats with colchicine caused a marked decrease in the level of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in BALF. The LPS-mediated suppression of SOD in the rat BALF was prevented by treatment with colchicine. Treatment of the rats with colchicine attenuated the LPS-induced activation of P-38, Erk1/2, and JNK in pulmonary tissues. CONCLUSION In summary, colchicine treatment prevents LPS-induced lung damage in rats through targeting activation of P-38, ERK1/2, and JNK. Therefore, colchicine may be used for the development of treatment for ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyu Yue
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Tian Liu
- Respiratory Medicine, People's Hospital of Qingyuan County, Baoding, China
| | - Zhongfeng Cheng
- Emergency Department, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China,
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Inhibition of respiratory syncytial virus replication and suppression of RSV-induced airway inflammation in neonatal rats by colchicine. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:392. [PMID: 31656730 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1917-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the role of colchicine in the treatment of RSV infection. Treatment of BEAS-2B cells following RSV infection with colchicine caused a significant decrease in the number of viral plaques. In RSV-infected BEAS-2B cells' treatment with colchicine leads to a significant up-regulation of both IFN-β1 and RIG-I genes. The levels of interleukin, NO, and MDA were suppressed in BEAS-2B cells infected with RSV by colchicine. The phosphorylation of Stat3, COX-2, and p38 was also suppressed significantly by colchicine. The phosphorylation of IkBα was promoted in RSV-infected BEAS-2B cells' oncolchicine treatment. In neonatal rats, replication of RSV was inhibited significantly by colchicine treatment which was evident by suppression of RSV-L gene expression. A significant decrease in the level of IL-6 and TNF-α was caused in neonatal rat BALF by colchicine treatment. The production of MDA, NO and MPO in the neonatal rat BALF was suppressed markedly by colchicine treatment. Treatment of the neonatal rats infected by RSV with colchicine suppressed the release of IκBα and COX-2 in the pulmonary epithelial cells. Colchicine treatment of the neonatal rats promoted the expression of IFN-α and IFN-β1. In summary, the current study showed that colchicine inhibited RSV infection in neonatal rats through regulation of anti-oxidative factor production. The expression of IFN-β1 and RIG-I genes was also up-regulated in the RSV-infected alveolar epithelial cells by treatment with colchicine. Therefore, colchicine may be developed as the therapeutic agent for the treatment of RSV infection.
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Ilan-Ber T, Ilan Y. The role of microtubules in the immune system and as potential targets for gut-based immunotherapy. Mol Immunol 2019; 111:73-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2019.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Cao Y, Pan T, Chen X, Wu J, Guo N, Wang B. EP4 knockdown alleviates glomerulosclerosis through Smad and MAPK pathways in mesangial cells. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:5141-5150. [PMID: 30320390 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 has exhibited pleiotropic effects in the regulation of glomerulosclerosis progression through its four receptors. The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of prostaglandin receptor EP4 on mesangial cell proliferation. In vivo, 5/6 nephrectomy was introduced into EP4+/‑ and wild‑type (WT) mice. Clinical parameters were monitored post‑surgery. At 8 weeks post‑surgery, glomerular fibrosis‑associated indicators were measured by immunohistochemical staining and trichrome staining. In vitro, mesangial cells in different groups (transfected with green fluorescent protein, AD‑EF4 or AD‑CRE) were exposed to transforming growth factor (TGF)‑β1 for 24 h to detect the level of downstream signaling. Corresponding signaling inhibitors were also used to validate the signaling effects. Following surgery, EP4+/‑ mice presented a higher survival rate and normal urine volume compared with the WT group, and serum creatinine level and 24 h urine protein were lower in the EP4+/‑ mice. Furthermore, associated profibrotic indicators were identified to have decreased at 8 weeks post‑surgery along with less tubule‑interstitial fibrosis. In vivo, the inhibition of extracellular signal‑regulated kinase and P38 phosphorylation alleviated the accumulation of mesangial matrix, and these signals were enhanced when EP4 was overexpressed. EP4 enhancement aggravated imbalanced mesangial cell proliferation stimulated by TGF‑β1 and GS of mice treated with 5/6 nephrectomy through the Smad and mitogen‑activated protein kinase pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Cao
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226000, P.R. China
| | - Tianyi Pan
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolan Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226000, P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Wu
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226000, P.R. China
| | - Naifeng Guo
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226000, P.R. China
| | - Bicheng Wang
- Basic Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
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Allinovi M, De Chiara L, Angelotti ML, Becherucci F, Romagnani P. Anti-fibrotic treatments: A review of clinical evidence. Matrix Biol 2018; 68-69:333-354. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Abstract
Colchicine is an alkaloid which was originally extracted from bulbs of a plant called Colchicum autumnale (meadow saffron). Its active pharmacological component was isolated in 1820 and in 1833 the active ingredient was purified and named colchicine. It consists of three hexameric rings termed A, B, and C. It was first recommended for the treatment of gout by Alexander of Tralles in the sixth century AD. Later it has been employed for suggested and approved indications including primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), alcohol induced hepatitis, psoriasis, Behçet disease, Sweet syndrome, scleroderma, sarcoidosis and amyloidosis. Perhaps the most effective results have been obtained in the prophylaxis of familial Mediterranean fever (FMF). Colchicine is absorbed in the jejunum and ileum and is trapped in the body tissues. It is metabolized in the liver and the intestine by cytochrome P (CYP) 450 3A4 and P-glycoprotein (PGY) 1. Colchicine is excreted mainly by the biliary system, intestines and the kidneys. It has a narrow therapeutic range, but with normal liver and kidney functions is relatively safe and can be used during pregnancy, nursing and in infants. The main mechanism of action of colchicine is probably through interaction with microtubules affecting leukocyte chemotaxis, thereby suppressing inflammation. The blood level of colchicine may be affected by concomitant drug administration and therefore, caution should be exercised when such medications are added.
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Kim S, Jung ES, Lee J, Heo NJ, Na KY, Han JS. Effects of colchicine on renal fibrosis and apoptosis in obstructed kidneys. Korean J Intern Med 2018; 33:568-576. [PMID: 28298077 PMCID: PMC5943651 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2016.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Colchicine is an established drug for microtubule stabilization that may reduce tissue injury. No data were available that its effects may depend on the dosage of colchicine. We investigated the anti-fibrotic and apoptotic effects of various dose of colchicine in a unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model. METHODS Thirty-six Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into six groups. Two sham groups were divided into a vehicle-treated or colchicine-treated group (100 μg/kg/day). Four UUO groups were treated with either vehicle or three different doses of colchicine for 7 days (30, 60, and 100 μg/kg/day, intraperitoneally). All of the animals were sacrificed on day 7. RESULTS Colchicine treatment diminished acetylated α-tubulin and tumor growth factor-β immunoreactivities in the cortical area of the 7-day obstructed kidneys, which was in dose dependent manner. Colchicine attenuated tubulointerstitial damage and apoptosis in both cortical and medullary area, and beneficial effects of colchicine therapy were dramatically shown at the higher dosage of colchicine. The expression levels of cleaved caspase-3, ED-1, and fibronectin were decreased in UUO animals. CONCLUSIONS We found that the proper dosage of colchicine may have anti-fibrotic and anti-apoptotic effects in obstructed kidneys. For clinical applications, an optimal dose of colchicine should be evaluated to maximize the prevention of renal disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sejoong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Eun Sook Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeonghwan Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nam Ju Heo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki Young Na
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jin Suk Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Correspondence to Jin Suk Han, M.D. Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea Tel: +82-2-2072-2392 Fax: +82-2-741-4876 E-mail:
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Blockade of histone deacetylase 6 protects against cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury. Clin Sci (Lond) 2018; 132:339-359. [PMID: 29358506 DOI: 10.1042/cs20171417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) has been shown to be involved in various pathological conditions, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders and inflammatory diseases. Nonetheless, its specific role in drug-induced nephrotoxicity is poorly understood. Cisplatin (dichlorodiamino platinum) belongs to an inorganic platinum - fundamental chemotherapeutic drug utilized in the therapy of various solid malignant tumors. However, the use of cisplatin is extremely limited by obvious side effects, for instance bone marrow suppression and nephrotoxicity. In the present study, we utilized a murine model of cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) and a highly selective inhibitor of HDAC6, tubastatin A (TA), to assess the role of HDAC6 in nephrotoxicity and its associated mechanisms. Cisplatin-induced AKI was accompanied by increased expression and activation of HDAC6; blocking HDAC6 with TA lessened renal dysfunction, attenuated renal pathological changes, reduced expression of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and kidney injury molecule 1, and decreased tubular cell apoptosis. In cultured human epithelial cells, TA or HDAC6 siRNA treatment also inhibited cisplatin-induced apoptosis. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that cisplatin treatment induced phosphorylation of AKT and loss of E-cadherin in the nephrotoxic kidney, and administration of TA enhanced AKT phosphorylation and preserved E-cadherin expression. HDAC6 inhibition also potentiated autophagy as evidenced by increased expression of autophagy-related gene (Atg) 7 (Atg7), Beclin-1, and decreased renal oxidative stress as demonstrated by up-regulation of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and down-regulation of malondialdehyde levels. Moreover, TA was effective in inhibiting nuclear factor-κ B (NF-κB) phosphorylation and suppressing the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Collectively, these data provide strong evidence that HDAC6 inhibition is protective against cisplatin-induced AKI and suggest that HDAC6 may be a potential therapeutic target for AKI treatment.
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Itano S, Satoh M, Kadoya H, Sogawa Y, Uchida A, Sasaki T, Kashihara N. Colchicine attenuates renal fibrosis in a murine unilateral ureteral obstruction model. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:4169-4175. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Parrish AR. The cytoskeleton as a novel target for treatment of renal fibrosis. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 166:1-8. [PMID: 27343756 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing, with an estimated prevalence of 12% in the United States (Synder et al., 2009). While CKD may progress to end-stage renal disease (ESRD), which necessitates renal replacement therapy, i.e. dialysis or transplantation, most CKD patients never reach ESRD due to the increased risk of death from cardiovascular disease. It is well-established that regardless of the initiating insult - most often diabetes or hypertension - fibrosis is the common pathogenic pathway that leads to progressive injury and organ dysfunction (Eddy, 2014; Duffield, 2014). As such, there has been extensive research into the molecular and cellular mechanisms of renal fibrosis; however, translation to effective therapeutic strategies has been limited. While a role for the disruption of the cytoskeleton, most notably the actin network, has been established in acute kidney injury over the past two decades, a role in regulating renal fibrosis and CKD is only recently emerging. This review will focus on the role of the cytoskeleton in regulating pro-fibrotic pathways in the kidney, as well as data suggesting that these pathways represent novel therapeutic targets to manage fibrosis and ultimately CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan R Parrish
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
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Inhibition of microtubule dynamics impedes repair of kidney ischemia/reperfusion injury and increases fibrosis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27775. [PMID: 27270990 PMCID: PMC4897697 DOI: 10.1038/srep27775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The microtubule cytoskeleton is composed of α-tubulin and β-tubulin heterodimers, and it serves to regulate the shape, motility, and division of a cell. Post-translational modifications including acetylation are closely associated with the functional aspects of the microtubule, involving in a number of pathological diseases. However, the role of microtubule acetylation in acute kidney injury (AKI) and progression of AKI to chronic kidney disease have yet to be understood. In this study, ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), a major cause of AKI, resulted in deacetylation of the microtubules with a decrease in α-tubulin acetyltransferase 1 (α-TAT1). Paclitaxel (taxol), an agent that stabilizes microtubules by tubulin acetylation, treatment during the recovery phase following I/R injury inhibited tubular cell proliferation, impaired renal functional recovery, and worsened fibrosis. Taxol induced α-tubulin acetylation and post-I/R cell cycle arrest. Taxol aggregated the microtubule in the cytoplasm, resulting in suppression of microtubule dynamics. Our studies have demonstrated for the first time that I/R induced deacetylation of the microtubules, and that inhibition of microtubule dynamics retarded repair of injured tubular epithelial cells leading to an acceleration of fibrosis. This suggests that microtubule dynamics plays an important role in the processes of repair and fibrosis after AKI.
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Slobodnick A, Shah B, Pillinger M, Krasnokutsky S. The reply. Am J Med 2015. [PMID: 26210456 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2015.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Slobodnick
- Rheumatology Section, Department of Medicine, VA New York Harbor Health Care System, New York; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, NYU School of Medicine/NYU Langone Medical Center, New York
| | - Binita Shah
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, NYU School of Medicine/NYU Langone Medical Center, New York
| | - Michael Pillinger
- Rheumatology Section, Department of Medicine, VA New York Harbor Health Care System, New York; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, NYU School of Medicine/NYU Langone Medical Center, New York
| | - Svetlana Krasnokutsky
- Rheumatology Section, Department of Medicine, VA New York Harbor Health Care System, New York; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, NYU School of Medicine/NYU Langone Medical Center, New York
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Leung YY, Yao Hui LL, Kraus VB. Colchicine--Update on mechanisms of action and therapeutic uses. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2015; 45:341-50. [PMID: 26228647 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2015.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 494] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To review the literature and provide an update on the mechanisms of action and therapeutic uses of oral colchicine in arthritis and inflammatory conditions. METHODS We performed PubMed database searches through June 2014 for relevant studies in the English literature published since the last update of colchicine in 2008. Searches encompassed colchicine mechanisms of action and clinical applications in medical conditions. A total of 381 articles were reviewed. RESULTS The primary mechanism of action of colchicine is tubulin disruption. This leads to subsequent down regulation of multiple inflammatory pathways and modulation of innate immunity. Newly described mechanisms include various inhibitory effects on macrophages including the inhibition of the NACHT-LRRPYD-containing protein 3 (NALP3) inflammasome, inhibition of pore formation activated by purinergic receptors P2X7 and P2X2, and stimulation of dendritic cell maturation and antigen presentation. Colchicine also has anti-fibrotic activities and various effects on endothelial function. The therapeutic use of colchicine has extended beyond gouty arthritis and familial Mediterranean fever, to osteoarthritis, pericarditis, and atherosclerosis. CONCLUSION Further understanding of the mechanisms of action underlying the therapeutic efficacy of colchicine will lead to its potential use in a variety of conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ying Leung
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, The Academia, Level 4, 20 College Rd, Singapore 169856; Department of Clinical Sciences, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore.
| | - Laura Li Yao Hui
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, The Academia, Level 4, 20 College Rd, Singapore 169856
| | - Virginia B Kraus
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
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