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Schulz N, Dischereit G, Henke L, Lange U, Klemm P. Prevalence and effects of Vitamin D receptor polymorphism on bone mineral density and metabolism in patients with systemic sclerosis: a preliminary study. Clin Exp Med 2024; 24:121. [PMID: 38847864 PMCID: PMC11161438 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-024-01385-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) have a disproportionately high prevalence of reduced bone mineral density (BMD). Polymorphisms of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene have been associated with osteoporosis in patients with autoimmune diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and possible effects of VDR polymorphism on BMD and bone metabolism in patients with SSc. In patients with SSc measurement of BMD was performed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. VDR polymorphisms (FokI, BsmI) were genotyped using restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Markers of bone metabolism (calcium, osteocalcin, β-crosslaps) were determined. Primary endpoint was the prevalence of VDR gene polymorphisms and the association with reduced BMD. Secondary endpoints included associations between bone metabolism and VDR gene polymorphism. 79 Caucasian patients with SSc were included. Overall, 83.5% had reduced BMD (51.9% osteopenia, 31.6% osteoporosis). The prevalence of VDR gene polymorphism (73% BsmI, 77% FokI) was comparable to studies in healthy and rheumatic populations. The homozygous presence of FokI polymorphism, but not BsmI, was significantly associated with reduced axial BMD. Fokl polymorphism was significantly associated with reduced CTX levels, although changes remained within the reference limits. VDR polymorphisms can frequently be found in patients with SSc in comparable prevalence to healthy and rheumatic populations. The homozygous presence of FokI polymorphism, but not BsmI, was significantly associated with reduced axial BMD. This could be a possible contributor for the high prevalence of reduced BMD in 83.5% of patients with SSc in this study.Trial registration. DRKS00032768, date: 05.10.2023, retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Schulz
- Department of Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology, Osteology and Physical Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Campus Kerckhoff, Benekestr. 2-8, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany.
| | - Gabriel Dischereit
- Department of Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology, Osteology and Physical Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Campus Kerckhoff, Benekestr. 2-8, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Laura Henke
- Department of Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology, Osteology and Physical Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Campus Kerckhoff, Benekestr. 2-8, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Uwe Lange
- Department of Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology, Osteology and Physical Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Campus Kerckhoff, Benekestr. 2-8, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Philipp Klemm
- Department of Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology, Osteology and Physical Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Campus Kerckhoff, Benekestr. 2-8, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
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2
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Sha S, Nguyen TMN, Kuznia S, Niedermaier T, Zhu A, Brenner H, Schöttker B. Real-world evidence for the effectiveness of vitamin D supplementation in reduction of total and cause-specific mortality. J Intern Med 2023; 293:384-397. [PMID: 36208176 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have demonstrated the efficacy of vitamin D supplementation for reduced cancer mortality, all-cause mortality, and respiratory tract infections. However, whether and to what extent this translates into effectiveness in real-world practice is unknown. METHODS We assessed the association of vitamin D supplement use (as an over-the-counter drug or as part of a multivitamin product), vitamin D deficiency (25-hydroxyvitamin D, 25[OH]D <30 nmol/L), and insufficiency (25[OH]D 30 to <50 nmol/L) with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in 445,601 participants, aged 40-73 years, from the UK Biobank cohort. RESULTS A total of 4.3% and a further 20.4% of the study participants reported regularly taking vitamin D or multivitamin supplements, respectively. Still, the majority had either vitamin D deficiency (21.0%) or insufficiency (34.3%). We detected 49 independent determinants of vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D supplement use and used them to adjust Cox regression models for all mortality outcomes. A total of 29,107 (6.5%) participants died during a median follow-up time of 11.8 years. Both vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency were strongly associated with all mortality outcomes. Self-reported vitamin D supplement use (83% over-the-counter/17% prescription drugs) and multivitamin intake were significantly associated with 10% and 5% lower all-cause mortality, respectively. Furthermore, regular vitamin D supplement users had 11%, 11%, and 29% lower cancer, cardiovascular disease, and respiratory disease mortality than nonusers, respectively (not significant for cardiovascular disease mortality). CONCLUSION This large study suggests that in the real world, the efficacy of vitamin D supplements in reducing mortality may be at least as good as observed in RCTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Sha
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thi Mai Ngoc Nguyen
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Kuznia
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Niedermaier
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Zhu
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Network Ageing Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ben Schöttker
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Network Ageing Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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3
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Wang H, Wang HJ, Jiao M, Han N, Xu J, Bao H, Liu Z, Ji Y. Associations between Dynamic Vitamin D Level and Thyroid Function during Pregnancy. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183780. [PMID: 36145156 PMCID: PMC9504818 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Optimal Vitamin D (VitD) status and thyroid function are essential for pregnant women. This study aimed to explore associations between dynamic VitD status and thyroid function parameters in each trimester and throughout the pregnancy period. Information on all 8828 eligible participants was extracted from the Peking University Retrospective Birth Cohort in Tongzhou. Dynamic VitD status was represented as a combination of deficiency/sufficiency in the first and second trimesters. Thyroid function was assessed in three trimesters. The associations between VitD and thyroid function were assessed by multiple linear regression and generalized estimating equation models in each trimester and throughout the pregnancy period, respectively. The results indicated that both free thyroxine (fT4; β = 0.004; 95%CI: 0.003, 0.006; p < 0.001) and free triiodothyronine (fT3; β = 0.009; 95%CI: 0.004, 0.015; p = 0.001) had positive associations with VitD status in the first trimester. A VitD status that was sufficient in the first trimester and deficient in the second trimester had a lower TSH (β = −0.370; 95%CI: −0.710, −0.031; p = 0.033) compared with the group with sufficient VitD for both first and second trimesters. In conclusion, the associations between VitD and thyroid parameters existed throughout the pregnancy. Maintaining an adequate concentration of VitD is critical to support optimal thyroid function during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hai-Jun Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Mingyuan Jiao
- Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Tongzhou District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Na Han
- Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Tongzhou District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jinhui Xu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Heling Bao
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yuelong Ji
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-010-82801222
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Effect of Vitamin D on Graft-versus-Host Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10050987. [PMID: 35625724 PMCID: PMC9138416 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10050987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The different cell subsets of the immune system express the vitamin D receptor (VDR). Through the VDR, vitamin D exerts different functions that influence immune responses, as previously shown in different preclinical models. Based on this background, retrospective studies explored the impacts of vitamin D levels on the outcomes of patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation, showing that vitamin D deficiency is related to an increased risk of complications, especially graft-versus-host disease. These results were confirmed in a prospective cohort trial, although further studies are required to confirm this data. In addition, the role of vitamin D on the treatment of hematologic malignancies was also explored. Considering this dual effect on both the immune systems and tumor cells of patients with hematologic malignancies, vitamin D might be useful in this setting to decrease both graft-versus-host disease and relapse rates.
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5
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Molecular mechanisms altering tubular calcium reabsorption. Pediatr Nephrol 2022; 37:707-718. [PMID: 33796889 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-021-05049-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
The majority of calcium filtered by the glomerulus is reabsorbed along the nephron. Most is reabsorbed from the proximal tubule (> 60%) via a paracellular pathway composed of the tight junction proteins claudins-2 and -12, a process driven by sodium and consequently water reabsorption. The thick ascending limb reabsorbs the next greatest amount of calcium (20-25%), also by a paracellular pathway composed of claudins-16 and -19. This pathway is regulated by the CaSR, whose activity increases the expression of claudin-14, a protein that blocks paracellular calcium reabsorption. The fine tuning of urinary calcium excretion occurs in the distal convoluted and connecting tubule by a transcellular pathway composed of the apical calcium channel TRPV5, the calcium shuttling protein calbindin-D28K and the basolateral proteins PMCA1b and the sodium calcium exchanger, NCX. Not surprisingly, mutations in a subset of these genes cause monogenic disorders with hypercalciuria as a part of the phenotype. More commonly, "idiopathic" hypercalciuria is encountered clinically with genetic variations in CLDN14, the CASR and TRPV5 associating with kidney stones and increased urinary calcium excretion. An understanding of the molecular pathways conferring kidney tubular calcium reabsorption is employed in this review to help explain how dietary and medical interventions for this disorder lower urinary calcium excretion.
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Kazemi SM, Esmaieli-Bandboni A, Veisi Malekshahi Z, Shahbaz Sardood M, Hashemi M, Majidzadeh K, Kadkhodazadeh M, Esmaili R, Negahdari B. Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and risk of breast cancer in Iranian women. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2021; 73:103150. [PMID: 34917354 PMCID: PMC8666522 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2021.103150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Vitamin D deficiency is a driving force of common cancers like breast cancer. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) can play a tumor suppressor role by helping the precise function of vitamin D in cells such as modulation TGF-β signaling pathway. This study aimed to investigate the association of VDR gene variants and susceptibility to breast cancer in Iranian women. Methods Genomic DNAs were isolated from blood samples of 161 women with breast cancer and 150 healthy women. After amplification of five positions of VDR gene, the prepared amplicons were digested with TaqI, ApaI, BsmI, Cdx2, and FokI restriction enzymes. Results Subsequently, the digested products were electrophoresed on the 1.5% agarose gel. Odds ratios (ORs) for breast cancer were calculated for genotypes and estimated haplotypes. Binary logistic regression analysis showed FokI (rs2228570), BsmI (rs1544410), and ApaI (rs7975232) polymorphisms had the significant distribution in patients than to the normal group. Analysis of linkage disequilibrium for all pairs of SNPs showed that D'-value between SNP TaqI and SNP BsmI was significantly (p ≤ 0.05). We observed that four major haplotypes of ApaI, BsmI, FokI, Cdx2, and TaqI SNPs significantly were in high frequency than predicted frequency. Among these four haplotypes, CGTAT haplotype was in a higher significant association than others with breast cancer risk (p-value = 0.0001). Conclusion Our results showed that FokI, BsmI, and ApaI of VDR polymorphisms associated with the risk of breast cancer in Iranian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Maryam Kazemi
- Department of Genetics, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.,Toxicology and Chemotherapy Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Aghil Esmaieli-Bandboni
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Ziba Veisi Malekshahi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shahbaz Sardood
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Department of Genetics, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Keivan Majidzadeh
- Genetics Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Rezvan Esmaili
- Genetics Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Negahdari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Amiri M, Rostami M, Bidhendi-Yarandi R, Fallahzadeh A, Simbar M, Ramezani Tehrani F. Relationship between vitamin D status in the first trimester of the pregnancy and gestational weight gain: a mediation analysis. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2021; 305:495-504. [PMID: 34333703 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-021-06163-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the total, and direct effects of vitamin D, measured by circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels, on GWG after adjustment for confounding variables, and then assess the indirect effects by demonstrating the role of gestational age at birth as a mediator in this association. METHODS Data collected in "Khuzestan Vitamin D Deficiency Screening Program in Pregnancy" were used for the present study; it included the data of 900 pregnant women referred to the health centers of Shushtar (Khuzestan Province, Iran), whose vitamin D status during the third trimester of pregnancy was available. A mediation analysis was applied to detect the causal relationship between serum level of 25(OH)D, covariates (maternal age, parity, education level, and baseline maternal weight), mediator (gestational age), and outcome (GWG). RESULTS Of 900 pregnant women referred to the health centers, a total of 726 eligible participants were analyzed for the study. The adjusted total effect of vitamin D on GWG was estimated 0.07 (95% CI 0.06, 0.09; P = 0.000). This study also revealed adjusted direct effect of vitamin D on GWG was statistically significant 0.02 (95% CI: 0.003, 0.04; P = 0.021). In addition, the adjusted indirect effect of this micronutrient on GWG by considering gestational age as a mediator was found to be significant [0.05 (95% CI 0.04, 0.06; P = 0.000)]. This study revealed an increase in the trend of weight gain during pregnancy trimesters for women with different levels of 25(OH)D; however, women with severe vitamin D deficiency had the lowest speed as compared to moderate and normal levels. CONCLUSION This study shows that maternal vitamin D status directly affects the gestational weight gain independent of gestational age. Therefore, the detection and treatment of women with vitamin D inadequacy can directly improve the trend of their weight gain in addition to its indirect effect on reducing the risk of preterm delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Amiri
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No 24, Parvane Street, Yaman Street, Velenjak, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Rostami
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Razieh Bidhendi-Yarandi
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aida Fallahzadeh
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Simbar
- Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Ramezani Tehrani
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No 24, Parvane Street, Yaman Street, Velenjak, Tehran, Iran.
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8
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Abu Halim NH, Zakaria N, Theva Das K, Lin J, Lim MN, Fakiruddin KS, Yahaya BH. The Effects of Lentivirus-Mediated Gene Silencing of RARβ on the Stemness Capability of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. J Cancer 2021; 12:3468-3485. [PMID: 33995625 PMCID: PMC8120186 DOI: 10.7150/jca.50793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid receptor beta is a nuclear receptor protein that binds to retinoic acid (RA) to mediate cellular signalling in embryogenic morphogenesis, cell growth, and differentiation. However, the function of RARβ in cancer stem cells (CSCs) has yet to be determined. This study aimed to understand the role of RARβ in regulating cell growth and differentiation of lung cancer stem cells. Based on the clonogenic assay, spheroid assay, mRNA levels of stem cell transcription factors, and cell cycle being arrested at the G0/G1 phase, the suppression of RARβ resulted in significant inhibition of A549 parental cell growth. This finding was contradictory to the results seen in CSCs, where RARβ inhibition enhanced the cell growth of putative and non-putative CSCs. These results suggest that RARβ suppression may act as an essential regulator in A549 parental cells, but not in the CSCs population. The findings in this study demonstrated that the loss of RARβ promotes tumorigenicity in CSCs. Microarray analysis revealed that various cancer pathways were significantly activated following the suppression of RARβ. The changes seen might compensate for the loss of RARβ function, CSCs population's aggressiveness, which led to the CSCs population's aggressiveness. Thus, understanding the role of RARβ in regulating the stemness of CSCs may lead to targeted therapy for lung CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Hanis Abu Halim
- Lung Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Group, Regenerative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (IPPT), Sains@Bertam, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas Penang, 13200, Malaysia
| | - Norashikin Zakaria
- Lung Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Group, Regenerative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (IPPT), Sains@Bertam, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas Penang, 13200, Malaysia
| | - Kumitaa Theva Das
- Infectomics Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (IPPT), Sains@Bertam, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas Penang, 13200, Malaysia
| | - Juntang Lin
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Stem Cell Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University (XXMU), Henan Province 453000, China.,Stem Cell and Biotherapy Technology Research Centre of Henan Province, Xinxiang Medical University (XXMU), Henan Province 453000, China
| | - Moon Nian Lim
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Haematology Unit, Cancer Research Centre (CaRC), Institute for Medical Research (IMR), National Institute of Health, Setia Alam, 40170 Shah Alam, Selangor
| | - Kamal Shaik Fakiruddin
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Haematology Unit, Cancer Research Centre (CaRC), Institute for Medical Research (IMR), National Institute of Health, Setia Alam, 40170 Shah Alam, Selangor
| | - Badrul Hisham Yahaya
- Lung Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Group, Regenerative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (IPPT), Sains@Bertam, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas Penang, 13200, Malaysia
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Soh V, Tan SJX, Sehgal R, Shirke MM, Ashry A, Harky A. The Relationship Between Vitamin D Status and Cardiovascular Diseases. Curr Probl Cardiol 2021; 46:100836. [PMID: 33848960 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2021.100836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
With cardiovascular conditions being a leading cause of mortality and morbidity globally, several studies have identified that there is an important correlation between the level of Vitamin D and cardiovascular diseases, including an increased risk of hypertension, heart failure, and coronary artery diseases. Current published studies are in the form of both in vivo and in vitro studies and they primarily showed the evidence of how Vitamin D can downregulate Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system activity and therefore providing a cardioprotective role. Nevertheless, most of these studies are observational, and there yet to be large-scale randomized controlled trials which would increase the evidence of the findings.This review aims to capture the current evidence of Vitamin D as a metabolite which is critical in reducing cardiovascular conditions and the possible physiological pathways that it works via.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vernie Soh
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, School of Medicine, Belfast, UK
| | - Shawn Jia Xiang Tan
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, School of Medicine, Belfast, UK
| | - Rijuvani Sehgal
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, School of Medicine, Belfast, UK
| | - Manasi Mahesh Shirke
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, School of Medicine, Belfast, UK
| | - Amr Ashry
- Department of Paediatric Cardiac Surgery, Alder Hey Children Hospital, Liverpool, UK; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Assiut University Hospital, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Amer Harky
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK.
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Jeong SH, Lee SU, Kim JS. Prevention of recurrent benign paroxysmal positional vertigo with vitamin D supplementation: a meta-analysis. J Neurol 2020; 269:619-626. [DOI: 10.1007/s00415-020-09952-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Lumbers ER, Kandasamy Y, Delforce SJ, Boyce AC, Gibson KJ, Pringle KG. Programming of Renal Development and Chronic Disease in Adult Life. Front Physiol 2020; 11:757. [PMID: 32765290 PMCID: PMC7378775 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) can have an insidious onset because there is a gradual decline in nephron number throughout life. There may be no overt symptoms of renal dysfunction until about two thirds or more of the nephrons have been destroyed and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) falls to below 25% of normal (often in mid-late life) (Martinez-Maldonaldo et al., 1992). Once End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) has been reached, survival depends on renal replacement therapy (RRT). CKD causes hypertension and cardiovascular disease; and hypertension causes CKD. Albuminuria is also a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The age of onset of CKD is partly determined during fetal life. This review describes the mechanisms underlying the development of CKD in adult life that results from abnormal renal development caused by an adverse intrauterine environment. The basis of this form of CKD is thought to be mainly due to a reduction in the number of nephrons formed in utero which impacts on the age dependent decline in glomerular function. Factors that affect the risk of reduced nephron formation during intrauterine life are discussed and include maternal nutrition (malnutrition and obesity, micronutrients), smoking and alcohol, use of drugs that block the maternal renin-angiotensin system, glucocorticoid excess and maternal renal dysfunction and prematurity. Since CKD, hypertension and cardiovascular disease add to the disease burden in the community we recommend that kidney size at birth should be recorded using ultrasound and those individuals who are born premature or who have small kidneys at this time should be monitored regularly by determining GFR and albumin:creatinine clearance ratio. Furthermore, public health measures aimed at limiting the prevalence of obesity and diabetes mellitus as well as providing advice on limiting the amount of protein ingested during a single meal, because they are all associated with increased glomerular hyperfiltration and subsequent glomerulosclerosis would be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenie R Lumbers
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Yoga Kandasamy
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,Department of Neonatology, Townsville University Hospital, Douglas, QLD, Australia
| | - Sarah J Delforce
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Amanda C Boyce
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Karen J Gibson
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kirsty G Pringle
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
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Ahmed OM, Ali TM, Abdel Gaid MA, Elberry AA. Effects of enalapril and paricalcitol treatment on diabetic nephropathy and renal expressions of TNF-α, p53, caspase-3 and Bcl-2 in STZ-induced diabetic rats. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214349. [PMID: 31527864 PMCID: PMC6748411 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the renopreventive effect of enalapril and/or paricalcitol on streptozotocin (STZ) diabetes-induced nephropathy and to elucidate their mechanisms of action through investigation of the effects on renal oxidative stress, antioxidant defense system and expressions of TNF-α, p53, caspase-3, and Bcl-2. Diabetes mellitus was induced in fasting male Wistar rats by single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (45 mg /kg b.w.) dissolved in citrate buffer (pH 4.5). Ten days after STZ injection, the diabetic rats were treated with enalapril (25 mg/l of drinking water) and/or paricalcitol (8 μg/kg b.w. per os) dissolved in 5% DMSO daily for 4 weeks. The obtained data revealed that the treatment of diabetic Wistar rats with enalapril and/or paricalcitol led to significant decreases in the elevated serum urea, uric acid, creatinine, sodium and potassium levels; thereby reflecting the improvement of the impaired kidney function. The deteriorated kidney lipid peroxidation, GSH content and GST and catalase activities in diabetic rats were significantly ameliorated as a result of treatment with enalapril and/or paricalcitol. The elevated fasting and post-prandial serum glucose levels and the lowered serum insulin and C-peptide levels were also improved. The treatment with enalapril and paricalcitol in combination was the most potent in decreasing the elevated serum glucose levels. Moreover, the treatment of diabetic rats successfully prevented the diabetes-induced histopathological deleterious changes of kidney and islets of Langerhans of pancreas. In association, the immunohistochemically detected pro-inflammatory cytokine, TNF-α, and apoptotic mediators, p53 and caspase-3, were remarkably decreased in kidney of diabetic rats as a result of treatment while the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 was increased. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that enalapril and paricalcitol alone or in combination can prevent STZ diabetes-induced nephropathy through amelioration of the glycemic state and antioxidant defense system together with the suppression of oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. However, the treatment of diabetic rats with enalapril and paricalcitol in combination has no further significant improvement effects on renal function and damage when compared with enalapril or paclitaxel treated diabetic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama M. Ahmed
- Experimental Obesity and Diabetes Research Lab, Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Tarek M. Ali
- Department of Clinical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Abdel Gaid
- Experimental Obesity and Diabetes Research Lab, Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A. Elberry
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-suef, Egypt
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13
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Wang G, Liu X, Bartell TR, Pearson C, Cheng TL, Wang X. Vitamin D Trajectories From Birth to Early Childhood and Elevated Systolic Blood Pressure During Childhood and Adolescence. Hypertension 2019; 74:421-430. [PMID: 31256718 PMCID: PMC6938578 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.119.13120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is associated with hypertension in adults. It is unknown to what degree vitamin D status in early life can affect blood pressure (BP) a decade later. This study investigated the effect of vitamin D trajectory through early life on systolic BP (SBP) in childhood. This is a prospective birth cohort study of 775 children enrolled from 2005 to 2012 and followed prospectively up to age 18 years at the Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA. Persistent low vitamin D status is defined as plasma 25(OH)D <11 ng/mL at birth and <25 ng/mL in early childhood. Elevated SBP is defined as SBP ≥75th percentile. Low vitamin D status at birth was associated with higher risk of elevated SBP at ages 3 to 18 years: odds ratio, 1.38; (95% CI, 1.01-1.87) compared to those with sufficient vitamin D. Low vitamin D status in early childhood was associated with a 1.59-fold (95% CI, 1.02-2.46) higher risk of elevated SBP at age 6 to 18 years. Persistent low vitamin D status from birth to early childhood was associated with higher risk of elevated SBP (odds ratio, 2.04; [95% CI, 1.13-3.67]) at ages 3 to 18 years. These results suggest that low vitamin D status and trajectory in early life were associated with increased risk of elevated SBP during childhood and adolescence. Our findings will help inform future clinical and public health strategies for vitamin D screening and supplementation in pregnancy and childhood to prevent or reduce risk of elevated BP across the lifespan and generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoying Wang
- From the Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Center on Early Life Origins of Disease, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD (G.W., X.W.)
| | - Xin Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (X.L.)
| | - Tami R Bartell
- Mary Ann & J. Milburn Smith Child Health Research, Outreach and Advocacy Center, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, IL (T.R.B.)
| | - Colleen Pearson
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, MA (C.P.)
| | - Tina L Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (T.L.C., X.W.)
| | - Xiaobin Wang
- From the Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Center on Early Life Origins of Disease, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD (G.W., X.W.).,Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (T.L.C., X.W.)
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14
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Hartwiger J, Schären M, Frahm J, Kersten S, Hüther L, Sauerwein H, Meyer U, Breves G, Dänicke S. Effects of a Change from an Indoor-Based Total Mixed Ration to a Rotational Pasture System Combined with a Moderate Concentrate Feed Supply on Immunological Cell and Blood Parameters of Dairy Cows. Vet Sci 2019; 6:vetsci6020047. [PMID: 31137610 PMCID: PMC6632113 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci6020047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In spring, transition from a total mixed ration (TMR) to a full grazing ration with moderate concentrate supply influences cow's metabolism. It has been shown that feeding moderate amounts of concentrate during fulltime grazing did not prevent energy shortage and lipomobilization, alterations in energy metabolism, decreasing milk production and loss in body weight. As diet change and energy balance are closely related to immune reactivity, in this trial the effect of transition to pasture on specific immune parameters of cows was documented. Over a 12-week trial 43 dairy cows were observed during transition from confinement to pasture (PG; n = 22) and compared to cows fed TMR indoor (CG; n = 21). The CG stayed on a TMR based ration (35% corn silage, 35% grass silage, 30% concentrate; dry matter (DM) basis), whereas the PG slowly switched to a pasture -based ration (week 0 and 1 = TMR, week 2 = TMR and 3 h pasture·day-1, week 3 and 4 = TMR and 12 h pasture·day-1, and week 5 to 11 = pasture combined with 4.5 kg DM concentrate·cow-1·day-1). Inflammatory markers like blood haptoglobin or tryptophan to kynurenine ratio did not indicate acute phase reaction. Proportions of CD4+ (T-helper cells) and CD8+ cells (cytotoxic T-cells) remained uninfluenced as well. White blood cell concentration and its subpopulation of granulocytes increased over time in the PG. Stimulation ability of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to mount an oxidative burst significantly increased during the trial, too. The endogenous antioxidant state as characterized by glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in blood of the PG did not change, whereas the vitamin E concentration reached the highest level at the end of the trial. The 25-CHO metabolites of vitamin D increased as soon as the PG had pasture access, whereas the other metabolite 25-ERG decreased. The results of this study indicate that transition to pasture affects immune related parameters. However, the consequences of the observed effects on health status of the pasture group need to be clarified in further studies with a defined concurrent immune challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Hartwiger
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Bundesallee 37, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Melanie Schären
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Bundesallee 37, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Jana Frahm
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Bundesallee 37, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Susanne Kersten
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Bundesallee 37, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Liane Hüther
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Bundesallee 37, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Helga Sauerwein
- Institute for Animal Science Physiology & Hygiene, University of Bonn, Katzenburgweg 7-9, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Ulrich Meyer
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Bundesallee 37, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Gerhard Breves
- Institute of Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Sven Dänicke
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Bundesallee 37, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany.
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15
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Sikora-Klak J, Narvy SJ, Yang J, Makhni E, Kharrazi FD, Mehran N. The Effect of Abnormal Vitamin D Levels in Athletes. Perm J 2019; 22:17-216. [PMID: 30005732 DOI: 10.7812/tpp/17-216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D is a lipophilic prohormone integral to musculoskeletal, autoimmune, oncologic, cardiovascular, and mental health. Of particular importance to the orthopedic surgeon is the role of vitamin D in the regulation of bone mass, muscle strength, and physical performance. Although vitamin D-related skeletal pathologies are rare in industrialized nations, emerging research in the field has shown that most American adults have inadequate levels of vitamin D. Even among athletes, there is a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, which may place competitors at risk of stress fractures, illness, and delayed muscle recovery. Adequately identifying vitamin D-deficient individuals in need of supplementation is important to help optimize performance and prevent future injury. The goal of this review is to describe the epidemiology of vitamin D deficiency and its effects on athletic performance and musculoskeletal health. Future double-blinded studies of vitamin D supplementation in athletes are needed. We recommend treating athletes who have insufficient or deficient vitamin D levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Sikora-Klak
- Orthopedist for the University of California, San Diego Health System.
| | - Steven J Narvy
- Orthopedist at the Providence Little Company of Mary Medical Center in Torrance, CA.
| | - Justin Yang
- Orthopedist at the Sunset Medical Center in Los Angeles, CA.
| | - Eric Makhni
- Orthopedist at the Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic in Los Angeles, CA.
| | | | - Nima Mehran
- Orthopedist at the Sunset Medical Center in Los Angeles, CA.
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16
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Timalsina S, Sigdel MR, Baniya S, Subedee S. Status of vitamin D and parameters of calcium homeostasis in renal transplant recipients in Nepal: a cross sectional study. BMC Nephrol 2018; 19:290. [PMID: 30348109 PMCID: PMC6198466 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-018-1088-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D, apart from being an important part of the "calcium-vitamin D-parathyroid hormone" endocrine axis, has diverse range of "non-calcemic" biological actions. A high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency has been observed in renal transplant recipients (RTRs) worldwide. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in Nepalese RTRs and interrelations between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH) D] and other biochemical parameters. METHODS A total of 80 adult RTRs visiting a university hospital were enrolled in this cross sectional study. Serum 25(OH) D and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) were measured using Enhanced Chemiluminiscent Immunoassay. The RTR population was categorized into recent transplant recipients (≤1 year) and long term recipients (> 1 year). The vitamin D status was defined as per NKF/KDOQI guidelines. SPSS version 20.0 was used to analyze the data. Appropriate statistical tests were applied to compare variables between groups and establish correlation. P < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. RESULTS The mean age of the recipients was 38.11 ± 11.47 years (68 males, 85.0%). Chronic glomerulonephritis was the leading cause of CKD. The two RTR groups (recent and long term) didn't differ in demographic and biochemical characteristics. 83.75% of the recipients had PTH levels above the upper limit of the recommended range for their stage of CKD. 57.5% had hypocalcemia and none of the recipients had hypercalcemia. The median serum 25(OH) D was 24.15 ng/ml (8.00-51.50 ng/ml). Only 27.5% had sufficient vitamin D status whereas 53.8% were vitamin D insufficient and 18.8% were vitamin D deficient, the distribution almost comparable in the 2 transplant group. The serum 25(OH) D was not significantly affected by the time post-transplant, gender and sunlight avoidance. There was a significant negative correlation between serum 25(OH) D and iPTH (Pearson's r = - 0.35, P = 0.001), but not so with the graft function. CONCLUSION There is a high prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in RTRs. The deficiency status is not corrected despite of nutritional improvement and normalization of GFR post-transplantation and likely exacerbates secondary hyperparathyroidism. Vitamin D supplementation coupled with sensible sun exposure could be important strategies in optimization of the vitamin D status in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Timalsina
- Department of Biochemistry, Chitwan Medical College, Bharatpur, Nepal
| | - Mahesh Raj Sigdel
- Department of Nephrology, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Santosh Baniya
- Department of General Practice and Emergency Medicine, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
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17
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Miliku K, Felix JF, Voortman T, Tiemeier H, Eyles DW, Burne TH, McGrath JJ, Jaddoe VWV. Associations of maternal and fetal vitamin D status with childhood body composition and cardiovascular risk factors. MATERNAL AND CHILD NUTRITION 2018; 15:e12672. [PMID: 30238610 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.12672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Maternal vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy may have persistent adverse effects on childhood growth and development. We examined whether 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations during pregnancy and at cord blood were associated with childhood body composition and cardiovascular outcomes. This study was embedded in a population-based prospective cohort in Rotterdam, The Netherlands, among 4,903 mothers and their offspring. We measured 25(OH)D concentrations at a median gestational age of 20.4 weeks (95% range 18.5-23.4 weeks) and at birth (40.1 weeks [95% range 35.8-42.3 weeks]). 25(OH)D concentrations were categorized into severely deficient (<25.0 nmol/L); deficient (25.0 to 49.9 nmol/L); sufficient (50.0 to 74.9 nmol/L) and optimal (≥75.0 nmol/L). At 6 years, we measured childhood body mass index; fat and lean mass by Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry; blood pressure; and serum cholesterol, triglycerides, and insulin concentrations. Compared with children from mothers with optimal 25(OH)D concentrations (≥75.0 nmol/L), those of severely deficient vitamin D (<25.0 nmol/L) mothers had a 0.12 standard deviation score (SDS); (95% Confidence Interval (CI) [0.03, 0.21]) higher fat mass percentage and a 0.13 SDS (95% CI [-0.22, -0.04]) lower lean mass percentage. These associations remained after adjustment for current child vitamin D status. Maternal and cord blood 25(OH)D concentrations were not associated with cardiovascular risk factors in childhood. In conclusion, severe maternal 25(OH)D deficiency (<25.0 nmol/L) during pregnancy is associated with an adverse childhood body composition profile, but we did not observe evidence for an association with childhood cardiovascular risk factors. Further studies are needed to replicate our findings, to examine the underlying mechanisms, the causality of the associations, and the potential for public health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kozeta Miliku
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Janine F Felix
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Trudy Voortman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Darryl W Eyles
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Park Centre for Mental Health, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Thomas H Burne
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Park Centre for Mental Health, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - John J McGrath
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Park Centre for Mental Health, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Vincent W V Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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18
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Föcker M, Antel J, Grasemann C, Führer D, Timmesfeld N, Öztürk D, Peters T, Hinney A, Hebebrand J, Libuda L. Effect of an vitamin D deficiency on depressive symptoms in child and adolescent psychiatric patients - a randomized controlled trial: study protocol. BMC Psychiatry 2018; 18:57. [PMID: 29490621 PMCID: PMC5831612 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-018-1637-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a significant health and economic burden worldwide affecting not only adults but also children and adolescents. Current treatment options for this group are scarce and show moderate effect sizes. There is emerging evidence that dietary patterns and specific nutritional components might play a role in the risk for developing depression. This study protocol focusses on the role of vitamin D which is for long known to be relevant for calcium and phosphorous homeostasis and bone health but might also impact on mental health. However, the assessment of the vitamin D status of depressed juvenile patients, or supplementation of vitamin D is currently not part of routine treatment. Controlled intervention studies are indispensable to prove whether a vitamin D deficiency ameliorates depressive symptoms. METHODS/DESIGN This double blinded, randomized controlled trial will enroll 200 inpatients from a child and adolescent psychiatric department with a vitamin D deficiency defined by a 25(OH)-vitamin D-level < 30 nmol/l (12 ng/ml) and a Beck Depressions Inventory (BDI-II) score > 13 (indicating at least: mild depression). Upon referral, all patients will be screened, checked for inclusion criteria, and those eligible will be randomized after written consent into a supplementation or placebo group. Both study-arms will receive treatment-as-usual for their psychiatric disorder according to established clinical guidelines. The participants of the vitamin D supplementation group will receive 2640 I.E. vitamin D3 q.d. for 28 days in accordance with best practice in pediatric endocrinology. We hypothesize that delaying supplementation of vitamin D in the placebo arm will affect the treatment success of the depressive symptomatology in comparison to the vitamin D supplementation group. Patients will be enrolled for a period of 28 days based on the mean length of hospitalization of juveniles with depression. DISCUSSION Randomized controlled trials in children and adolescents with depression are needed to elucidate the role of a vitamin D deficiency for mental disorders and to investigate the relevance of a routine assessment and supplementation of vitamin D deficits. TRIAL REGISTRATION DRKS00009758, 16/06/2016 (retrospectively registered).
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Föcker
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Wickenburgstr. 21, D-45147, Essen, Germany.
| | - Jochen Antel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Wickenburgstr. 21, D-45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Corinna Grasemann
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Kinderklinik II, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Dagmar Führer
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical Center and Central Laboratory, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Nina Timmesfeld
- 0000 0004 1936 9756grid.10253.35Institute for Medical Biometry und Epidemiology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Dana Öztürk
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Wickenburgstr. 21, D-45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Triinu Peters
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Wickenburgstr. 21, D-45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Anke Hinney
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Wickenburgstr. 21, D-45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Johannes Hebebrand
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Wickenburgstr. 21, D-45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Lars Libuda
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Wickenburgstr. 21, D-45147 Essen, Germany
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19
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Sahin N, Altun H, Kurutas EB, Balkan D. Vitamin D and vitamin D receptor levels in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2018; 14:581-585. [PMID: 29497301 PMCID: PMC5822841 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s158228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to evaluate vitamin D and vitamin D receptor levels in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). PATIENTS AND METHODS In this cross-sectional study, a total of 80 children including 40 ADHD patients (aged 6-12 years; 28 males and 12 females) and 40 age-, sex-, and season of blood collection-matched controls (aged 6-12 years; 25 males and 15 females) were enrolled. Serum vitamin D and vitamin D receptor levels and calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase were measured. The vitamin D receptor levels in the serum were measured using the quantitative sandwich enzyme immunoassay technique. RESULTS Serum vitamin D and vitamin D receptor levels were found to be significantly lower in children with ADHD compared to healthy controls. No significant differences were found in serum calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase levels. No significant differences were found among the ADHD subtypes in terms of serum vitamin D, vitamin D receptor, calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase levels. CONCLUSION This study suggests that children with ADHD have lower levels of vitamin D and vitamin D receptor. According to the authors' knowledge, this is the first study to describe vitamin D receptor levels in ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilfer Sahin
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Turkey
| | - Hatice Altun
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
| | - Ergül Belge Kurutas
- Department of Biochemistry, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
| | - Damla Balkan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Turkey
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20
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Jamali N, Sorenson CM, Sheibani N. Vitamin D and regulation of vascular cell function. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2017; 314:H753-H765. [PMID: 29351464 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00319.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is linked to pathogenesis of many diseases including cardiovascular, cancer, and various eye diseases. In recent years, important roles for vitamin D in regulation of immune function, inflammation, angiogenesis, and aging have been demonstrated. Thus, vitamin D and its analogs have been evaluated for the treatment of various types of cancer and chronic diseases. We have previously shown that the active form of vitamin D [1,25(OH)2D3] is a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis. This activity is consistent with the important role proposed for vitamin D and its analogs in the mitigation of tumor growth through inhibition of angiogenesis. Here, we review the important nutritional value of vitamin D and the abnormalities linked to its deficiency. We will explore its potential role as a regulator of angiogenesis and vascular cell function and the role vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression plays in these activities during vascular development and neovascularization. Our studies have established an important role for 1,25(OH)2D3 and VDR in the regulation of perivascular supporting cell function. In addition, the interaction of 1,25(OH)2D3 and VDR is essential for these activities and inhibition of neovascularization. Delineating the signaling pathways involved and identification of genes that are the target of 1,25(OH)2D3 regulation in vascular cells will allow us to identify novel pathways that are targets for regulation of vascular function and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Jamali
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health , Madison, Wisconsin.,McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health , Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Christine M Sorenson
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health , Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health , Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Nader Sheibani
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health , Madison, Wisconsin.,McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health , Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health , Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health , Madison, Wisconsin
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21
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Functional Analysis of VDR Gene Mutation R343H in A Child with Vitamin D-Resistant Rickets with Alopecia. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15337. [PMID: 29127362 PMCID: PMC5681508 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15692-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The functional study of different mutations on vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene causing hereditary vitamin D-resistant rickets (HVDRR) remains limited. This study was to determine the VDR mutation and the mechanisms of this mutation-causing phenotype in a family with HVDRR and alopecia. Phenotype was analyzed, and in vitro functional studies were performed. The proband and his affected sister exhibited typical HVDRR with alopecia, and their biochemical and radiographic abnormalities but not alopecia responded to supraphysiological doses of active vitamin D3. A novel homozygous missense R343H mutation in the exon 9 of VDR residing in the retinoid X receptor (RXR)-binding domain was identified. The expression level and C-terminal conformation of R343H mutant are not different from the wild-type VDR. This mutant had no effect on the nuclear localization of VDR, VDR-RXR heterodimerization, but it impaired CYP24A1 promoter activity in the presence of 1,25 (OH)2 vitamin D3, at least in part, mediated through specific nuclear receptor coactivator. Simulation models revealed the vanished interaction between guanidinium group of R343 and carboxyl group of E269. Without affecting the expression, conformation, nuclear location of VDR or heteridimerization with RXR, VDR-R343H impairs the transactivation activity of VDR on downstream transcription, accounting for HVDRR features with alopecia.
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Föcker M, Antel J, Ring S, Hahn D, Kanal Ö, Öztürk D, Hebebrand J, Libuda L. Vitamin D and mental health in children and adolescents. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2017; 26:1043-1066. [PMID: 28176022 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-017-0949-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
While vitamin D is known to be relevant for bone health, evidence has recently accumulated for an impact on mental health. To identify the potential benefits and limitations of vitamin D for mental health, an understanding of the physiology of vitamin D, the cut-off values for vitamin D deficiency and the current status of therapeutic trials is paramount. Results of a systematic PUBMED search highlight the association of vitamin D levels and mental health conditions. Here, we focus on children and adolescents studies as well as randomized controlled trials on depression in adults. 41 child and adolescent studies were identified including only 1 randomized controlled and 7 non-controlled supplementation trials. Overall, results from 25 cross-sectional studies as well as from 8 longitudinal studies suggest a role of vitamin D in the pathogenesis of mental disorders in childhood and adolescence. Findings from supplementation trials seem to support this hypothesis. However, randomized controlled trials in adults revealed conflicting results. Randomized controlled trials in childhood and adolescents are urgently needed to support the potential of vitamin D as a complementary therapeutic option in mental disorders. Study designs should consider methodological challenges, e.g., hypovitaminosis D at baseline, appropriate supplementation doses, sufficient intervention periods, an adequate power, clinically validated diagnostic instruments, and homogenous, well-defined risk groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Föcker
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Wickenburgstr. 21, 45147, Essen, Germany.
| | - Jochen Antel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Wickenburgstr. 21, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Ring
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Wickenburgstr. 21, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Denise Hahn
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Wickenburgstr. 21, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Özlem Kanal
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Wickenburgstr. 21, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Dana Öztürk
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Wickenburgstr. 21, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Johannes Hebebrand
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Wickenburgstr. 21, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Lars Libuda
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Wickenburgstr. 21, 45147, Essen, Germany
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Streeten EA, Mohtasebi Y, Konig M, Davidoff L, Ryan K. Hypoparathyroidism: Less Severe Hypocalcemia With Treatment With Vitamin D2 Compared With Calcitriol. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017; 102:1505-1510. [PMID: 28324108 PMCID: PMC6283446 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2016-3712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Context Options for chronic treatment of hypoparathyroidism include calcitriol, recombinant human parathyroid hormone, and high-dose vitamin D (D2). D2 is used in a minority of patients because of fear of prolonged hypercalcemia and renal toxicity. There is a paucity of recent data about D2 use in hypoparathyroidism. Objective Compare renal function, hypercalcemia, and hypocalcemia in patients with hypoparathyroidism treated chronically with either D2 (D2 group) or calcitriol. Design, Setting, and Patients A retrospective study of patients with hypoparathyroidism treated at the University of Maryland Hospital. Participants were identified by a billing record search with diagnosis confirmed by chart review. Thirty patients were identified; 16 were treated chronically with D2, 14 with calcitriol. Data were extracted from medical records. Main Outcome Measures Serum creatinine and calcium, hospitalizations, and emergency department (ED) visits for hypercalcemia and hypocalcemia. Results D2 and calcitriol groups were similar in age (58.9 ± 16.7 vs 50.9 ± 22.6 years, P = 0.28), sex, and treatment duration (17.8 ± 14.2 vs 8.5 ± 4.4 years, P = 0.076). Hospitalization or ED visits for hypocalcemia occurred in none of the D2 group vs four of 14 in the calcitriol group (P = 0.03); three in the calcitriol group had multiple ED visits. There were no differences between D2 and calcitriol groups in hospitalizations or ED visits for hypercalcemia, serum creatinine or calcium, or kidney stones. Conclusion We found less morbidity from hypocalcemia in hypoparathyroid patients treated chronically with D2 compared with calcitriol and found no difference in renal function or morbidity from hypercalcemia. Treatment with D2 should be considered in patients with hypoparathyroidism, particularly in those who experience recurrent hypocalcemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Streeten
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Yasaman Mohtasebi
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Manige Konig
- St. Vincent Hospital, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46260
| | - Lisa Davidoff
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Kathleen Ryan
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
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Ding YH, Wei TM, Qian LY, Ma Y, Lao DB, Yao B, Pang J. Association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and carotid atherosclerotic plaque in Chinese type 2 diabetic patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e6445. [PMID: 28353575 PMCID: PMC5380259 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000006445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the distribution of vitamin D and its association with carotid atherosclerotic plaque (CP) in Chinese type 2 diabetic (T2D) patients. We performed a cross-sectional study in 210 T2D and 94 age- and gender-matched nondiabetic patients during winter months, by determining serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels in both diabetic and nondiabetic controls. We carried out measurements of B-mode ultrasonography of carotid arteries in each T2D patient. The 25(OH)D concentration was 26.25 nmol/L among the T2D patients. About 93.3% T2D patients suffered from hypovitaminosis D. First, we found a clear inverse correlation between the 25(OH)D concentration and CP (P <0.001). Second, an association between 25(OH)D and macrovascular disease was significant (P = 0.005). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, decreasing 25(OH)D concentration was markedly associated with CP in T2D patients. Third, after adjusting for the confounding factors, we also observed a positive correlation between low levels of 25(OH)D in T2D patients with CP, when the following parameters were measured: old age (odds ratio [OR] = 2.533, P = 0.013); smoking (OR = 3.872, P = 0.001); and high level of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (OR = 2.776, P = 0.009). Thus, we concluded that high prevalence of hypovitaminosis D exists in Chinese T2D patients. Further, we found a significant association between low concentration of serum 25(OH)D and the existence of high body mass index, and high circulating LDL to be substantially positive predictors of patients with CP in T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Hui Ding
- Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital
| | - Tie-Ming Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Lishui Central Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang Province
| | - Lin-Yan Qian
- Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital
| | - Yuan Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital
| | | | - Bin Yao
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Pang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital
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Torremadé N, Bozic M, Goltzman D, Fernandez E, Valdivielso JM. Effects of the Administration of 25(OH) Vitamin D3 in an Experimental Model of Chronic Kidney Disease in Animals Null for 1-Alpha-Hydroxylase. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170654. [PMID: 28107527 PMCID: PMC5249163 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The final step in vitamin D activation is catalyzed by 1-alpha-hydroxylase (CYP27B1). Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by low levels of both 25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3 provoking secondary hyperparathyroidism (2HPT). Therefore, treatments with active or native vitamin D compounds are common in CKD to restore 25(OH)D3 levels and also to decrease PTH. This study evaluates the dose of 25(OH)D3 that restores parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcium levels in a model of CKD in CYP27B1-/- mice. Furthermore, we compare the safety and efficacy of the same dose in CYP27B1+/+ animals. The dose needed to decrease PTH levels in CYP27B1-/- mice with CKD was 50 ng/g. That dose restored blood calcium levels without modifying phosphate levels, and increased the expression of genes responsible for calcium absorption (TRPV5 and calbindinD- 28K in the kidney, TRPV6 and calbindinD-9k in the intestine). The same dose of 25(OH)D3 did not modify PTH in CYP27B1+/+ animals with CKD. Blood calcium remained normal, while phosphate increased significantly. Blood levels of 25(OH)D3 in CYP27B1-/- mice were extremely high compared to those in CYP27B1+/+ animals. CYP27B1+/+ animals with CKD showed increases in TRPV5, TRPV6, calbindinD-28K and calbindinD-9K, which were not further elevated with the treatment. Furthermore, CYP27B1+/+ animals displayed an increase in vascular calcification. We conclude that the dose of 25(OH)D3 effective in decreasing PTH levels in CYP27B1-/- mice with CKD, has a potentially toxic effect in CYP27B1+/+ animals with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Torremadé
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, REDinREN del ISCIII, IRBLleida, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Spain
| | - Milica Bozic
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, REDinREN del ISCIII, IRBLleida, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Spain
| | - David Goltzman
- Calcium Research Laboratory, McGill University Health Center and Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Elvira Fernandez
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, REDinREN del ISCIII, IRBLleida, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Spain
| | - José M. Valdivielso
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, REDinREN del ISCIII, IRBLleida, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Longitudinal, observational study on associations between postoperative nutritional vitamin D supplementation and clinical outcomes in esophageal cancer patients undergoing esophagectomy. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38962. [PMID: 27958342 PMCID: PMC5154179 DOI: 10.1038/srep38962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D can exert anticancer effect beyond bone and calcium metabolism. We aimed to investigate whether postoperative vitamin D supplementation affects quality of life (QOL) and survival in esophageal cancer (EC) patients. We utilized the widely used EORTC QLQ-C30 and QLQ-OES18 to assess QOL at EC diagnosis and 24 months after surgery. Generalized estimating equations (GEEs) were used to analysis the association of vitamin D supplement use with QOL. Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression model were used to evaluate the prognostic value of vitamin D supplementation. The notably improved QOL were found among vitamin D supplementation users compared with non-users (p < 0.05). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that vitamin D supplement use was significantly associated with improved disease-free survival (DFS) (p = 0.030), but not related to overall survival (OS) (p = 0.303). The multivariable analysis further demonstrated vitamin D supplement use as an independent prognostic factor for DFS (p = 0.040; HR 0.610; 95% CI 0.381-0.978). In conclusion, these results showed that vitamin D supplement use could serve as a promising intervention to enhancing QOL and prolonging DFS in EC.
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Shiratsuchi H, Wang Z, Chen G, Ray P, Lin J, Zhang Z, Zhao L, Beer D, Ray D, Ramnath N. Oncogenic Potential of CYP24A1 in Lung Adenocarcinoma. J Thorac Oncol 2016; 12:269-280. [PMID: 27793774 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We have previously demonstrated that a subset of lung cancer cells express higher CYP24A1 mRNA, a metabolizing enzyme for 1,25-D3, compared to benign tumors or surrounding normal lung and that high CYP24A1 mRNA expression is associated with poor prognosis in resected lung adenocarcinoma (AC). We hypothesized that CYP24A1 has oncogenic potential and increased CYP24A1 expression may contribute to tumor growth, whereas, CYP24A1 targeting may reduce tumor burden. METHODS Two low CYP24A1 expressing human lung cancer cell lines (SK-LU-1 and Calu-6) were stably transfected either with an empty lentiviral vector or with the CYP24A1 expressing vector. Over-expression of mRNA and protein levels of CYP24A1 in SK-LU-1 and Calu-6 were confirmed using qRT-PCR and immunoblotting respectively. Next, effects of targeting CYP24A1 were examined in lung cancer cells (A549 and H441), which express higher basal levels of CYP24A1. Finally, we studied the effects of stable knockdown of CYP24A1 in xenograft models. RESULTS Over-expression of CYP24A1 correlated with accelerated cell growth and invasion compared to control vector-transfected cells. CYP24A1 over-expression also increased RAS protein expression. Knockdown of CYP24A1 using either si- or shRNA reduced CYP24A1 mRNA and protein expression and significantly decreased cell proliferation (30-60%) and reduced mitochondrial DNA content compared to non-targeting (NT) si-/shRNA transfected/transduced cells. Transfection with CYP24A1 siRNA also decreased total RAS protein, thus reducing phosphorylated AKT. Importantly, stable knockdown of CYP24A1 in A549 and H441 lung tumor xenograft models resulted in tumor growth delay and smaller tumor size as evident from tumor bioluminescence and tumor volume measurement studies. Such observations were correlated with decreased tumor cell proliferation as evidenced by reduced Ki67 and Cyclin D staining. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that CYP24A1 has oncogenic properties mediated by increasing RAS signaling, targeting of which may provide an alternate strategy to treat a subset of lung AC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroe Shiratsuchi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Zhuwen Wang
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Guoan Chen
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Paramita Ray
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jules Lin
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Lili Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - David Beer
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Dipankar Ray
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Nithya Ramnath
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Ann Arbor Veterans Administration Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
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Larijani B, Hossein-Nezhad A, Feizabad E, Maghbooli Z, Adibi H, Ramezani M, Taheri E. Vitamin D deficiency, bone turnover markers and causative factors among adolescents: a cross-sectional study. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2016; 15:46. [PMID: 27752482 PMCID: PMC5062858 DOI: 10.1186/s40200-016-0266-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This cross-sectional population-based study was conducted to elucidate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, bone turnover marker's variation and its influencing factors among adolescents of Tehran. METHODS Totally 444 middle and high school (53.6 % in high school) students (both girls and boys) were recruited. A short food frequency questionnaire designed to estimate dietary calcium and vitamin D consumption. Serum levels of calcium, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone (PTH), bone specific alkaline phosphates, 25 (OH) vitamin D, osteocalcin, cross-linked C-telopeptide (CTX), total protein, albumin and creatinine were determined. RESULTS Vitamin D deficiency was prevalent in adolescents and only 22.4 % of students had normal serum vitamin D. Results revealed that vitamin D insufficiency reported in 34.2 % of students and vitamin D deficiency was in 43.3 % of them. Serum vitamin D, osteocalcin, CTX and bone specific alkaline phosphates were significantly higher in boys in all different ages. Serum levels of 25 (OH) vitamin D had positive influences on bone turnover markers and had negative correlation with PTH. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency is common among healthy adolescents of Tehran. There is a pressing need to improve vitamin D status among adolescents. Increasing vitamin D fortification of dairy products can be considered as a population-wide public health strategy in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bagher Larijani
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 5th floor, shariati Hospital, North Kargar, Tehran, 141142386 Iran
| | - Arash Hossein-Nezhad
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 5th floor, shariati Hospital, North Kargar, Tehran, 141142386 Iran
| | - Elham Feizabad
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 5th floor, shariati Hospital, North Kargar, Tehran, 141142386 Iran
| | - Zhila Maghbooli
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 5th floor, shariati Hospital, North Kargar, Tehran, 141142386 Iran
| | - Hossein Adibi
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 5th floor, shariati Hospital, North Kargar, Tehran, 141142386 Iran
| | - Majid Ramezani
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 5th floor, shariati Hospital, North Kargar, Tehran, 141142386 Iran
| | - Eghbal Taheri
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 5th floor, shariati Hospital, North Kargar, Tehran, 141142386 Iran
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Torremadé N, Bozic M, Panizo S, Barrio-Vazquez S, Fernandez-Martín JL, Encinas M, Goltzman D, Arcidiacono MV, Fernandez E, Valdivielso JM. Vascular Calcification Induced by Chronic Kidney Disease Is Mediated by an Increase of 1α-Hydroxylase Expression in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. J Bone Miner Res 2016; 31:1865-1876. [PMID: 27074284 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is a complication of chronic kidney disease that predicts morbidity and mortality. Uremic serum promotes VC, but the mechanism involved is unknown. A role for 1,25(OH)2 D3 in VC has been proposed, but the mechanism is unclear because both low and high levels have been shown to increase it. In this work we investigate the role of 1,25(OH)2 D3 produced in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in VC. Rats with subtotal nephrectomy and kidney recipient patients showed increased arterial expression of 1α-hydroxylase in vivo. VSMCs exposed in vitro to serum obtained from uremic rats also showed increased 1α-hydroxylase expression. Those increases were parallel to an increase in VC. After 6 days with high phosphate media, VSMCs overexpressing 1α-hydroxylase show significantly higher calcium content and RUNX2 expression than control cells. 1α-hydroxylase null mice (KO) with subtotal nephrectomy and treated with calcitriol (400 ng/kg) for 2 weeks showed significantly lower levels of vascular calcium content, Alizarin red staining, and RUNX2 expression than wild-type (WT) littermates. Serum calcium, phosphorus, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), PTH, and 1,25(OH)2 D3 levels were similar in both calcitriol-treated groups. In vitro, WT VSMCs treated with uremic serum also showed a significant increase in 1α-hydroxylase expression and higher calcification that was not observed in KO cells. We conclude that local activation of 1α-hydroxylase in the artery mediates VC observed in uremia. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Torremadé
- Nephrology Research Department, REDinREN del ISCIII, IRBLleida, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Spain
| | - Milica Bozic
- Nephrology Research Department, REDinREN del ISCIII, IRBLleida, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Spain
| | - Sara Panizo
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación, REDinREN del ISCIII, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Sara Barrio-Vazquez
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación, REDinREN del ISCIII, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Jose L Fernandez-Martín
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación, REDinREN del ISCIII, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Mario Encinas
- Oncogenic Signaling and Development group. IRBLleida, University of Lleida, Spain
| | - David Goltzman
- Calcium Research Laboratory, McGill University Health Center and Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Maria V Arcidiacono
- Nephrology Research Department, REDinREN del ISCIII, IRBLleida, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Spain
| | - Elvira Fernandez
- Nephrology Research Department, REDinREN del ISCIII, IRBLleida, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Spain
| | - José M Valdivielso
- Nephrology Research Department, REDinREN del ISCIII, IRBLleida, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Spain.
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Miliku K, Vinkhuyzen A, Blanken LM, McGrath JJ, Eyles DW, Burne TH, Hofman A, Tiemeier H, Steegers EA, Gaillard R, Jaddoe VW. Maternal vitamin D concentrations during pregnancy, fetal growth patterns, and risks of adverse birth outcomes. Am J Clin Nutr 2016; 103:1514-22. [PMID: 27099250 PMCID: PMC5410992 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.115.123752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy may affect fetal outcomes. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to examine whether maternal 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations in pregnancy affect fetal growth patterns and birth outcomes. DESIGN This was a population-based prospective cohort in Rotterdam, Netherlands in 7098 mothers and their offspring. We measured 25(OH)D concentrations at a median gestational age of 20.3 wk (range: 18.5-23.3 wk). Vitamin D concentrations were analyzed continuously and in quartiles. Fetal head circumference and body length and weight were estimated by repeated ultrasounds, and preterm birth (gestational age <37 wk) and small size for gestational age (less than the fifth percentile) were determined. RESULTS Adjusted multivariate regression analyses showed that, compared with mothers with second-trimester 25(OH)D concentrations in the highest quartile, those with 25(OH)D concentrations in the lower quartiles had offspring with third-trimester fetal growth restriction, leading to a smaller head circumference, shorter body length, and lower body weight at birth (all P < 0.05). Mothers who had 25(OH)D concentrations in the lowest quartile had an increased risk of preterm delivery (OR: 1.72; 95% CI: 1.14, 2.60) and children who were small for gestational age (OR: 2.07; 95% CI: 1.33, 3.22). The estimated population attributable risk of 25(OH)D concentrations <50 nmol/L for preterm birth or small size for gestational age were 17.3% and 22.6%, respectively. The observed associations were not based on extreme 25(OH)D deficiency, but presented within the common ranges. CONCLUSIONS Low maternal 25(OH)D concentrations are associated with proportional fetal growth restriction and with an increased risk of preterm birth and small size for gestational age at birth. Further studies are needed to investigate the causality of these associations and the potential for public health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kozeta Miliku
- Generation R Study Group, Department of Epidemiology, Department of Paediatrics
| | - Anna Vinkhuyzen
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; and Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Park Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, Australia
| | - Laura Me Blanken
- Generation R Study Group, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, and
| | - John J McGrath
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; and Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Park Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, Australia
| | - Darryl W Eyles
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; and Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Park Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, Australia
| | - Thomas H Burne
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; and Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Park Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, Australia
| | | | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Epidemiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, and
| | - Eric Ap Steegers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Romy Gaillard
- Generation R Study Group, Department of Epidemiology, Department of Paediatrics
| | - Vincent Wv Jaddoe
- Generation R Study Group, Department of Epidemiology, Department of Paediatrics,
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Miliku K, Voortman T, Franco OH, McGrath JJ, Eyles DW, Burne TH, Hofman A, Tiemeier H, Jaddoe VWV. Vitamin D status during fetal life and childhood kidney outcomes. Eur J Clin Nutr 2015; 70:629-34. [PMID: 26695721 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2015.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Maternal vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy may influence offspring kidney health. We aimed to examine the associations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) blood levels during fetal life with kidney outcomes at school age. SUBJECTS/METHODS This study was embedded in a population-based prospective cohort study among 4212 mother-child pairs. We measured maternal second trimester (18-25 weeks) and fetal cord blood (at birth) 25(OH)D levels. At a median age of 6.0 years, we measured children's combined kidney volume, glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) from creatinine and cystatin C serum levels, and microalbuminuria from albumin and creatinine urine levels. RESULTS Of all mothers, 21.9% had severely deficient levels (25(OH)D <25.0 nmol/l), 25.7% had deficient levels (25.0-49.9 nmol/l), 25% had sufficient levels (50.0-74.9 nmol/l) and 27.4% had optimal levels (⩾75.0 nmol/l). Maternal 25(OH)D levels were not consistently associated with childhood combined kidney volume. Higher maternal 25(OH)D levels were associated with lower childhood eGFR (difference -0.94 ml/min per 1.73 m(2) (95% confidence interval, -1.73; -0.15) per 1 standard deviation (s.d.) increase in 25(OH)D). Maternal 25(OH)D levels were not associated with microalbuminuria. Cord blood 25(OH)D levels were not associated with childhood kidney outcomes. The associations of maternal 25(OH)D levels with childhood eGFR were partly explained by childhood vitamin D status. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that maternal 25(OH)D levels during pregnancy may influence childhood kidney outcomes. These results should be considered hypothesis generating. Further studies are needed to replicate the observations, to examine the underlying mechanisms and to identify the long-term clinical consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Miliku
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T Voortman
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - O H Franco
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J J McGrath
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Park Centre for Mental Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - D W Eyles
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Park Centre for Mental Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - T H Burne
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Park Centre for Mental Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - A Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H Tiemeier
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - V W V Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Baron JA, Barry EL, Mott LA, Rees JR, Sandler RS, Snover DC, Bostick RM, Ivanova A, Cole BF, Ahnen DJ, Beck GJ, Bresalier RS, Burke CA, Church TR, Cruz-Correa M, Figueiredo JC, Goodman M, Kim AS, Robertson DJ, Rothstein R, Shaukat A, Seabrook ME, Summers RW. A Trial of Calcium and Vitamin D for the Prevention of Colorectal Adenomas. N Engl J Med 2015; 373:1519-30. [PMID: 26465985 PMCID: PMC4643064 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1500409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiologic and preclinical data suggest that higher intake and serum levels of vitamin D and higher intake of calcium reduce the risk of colorectal neoplasia. To further study the chemopreventive potential of these nutrients, we conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of supplementation with vitamin D, calcium, or both for the prevention of colorectal adenomas. METHODS We recruited patients with recently diagnosed adenomas and no known colorectal polyps remaining after complete colonoscopy. We randomly assigned 2259 participants to receive daily vitamin D3 (1000 IU), calcium as carbonate (1200 mg), both, or neither in a partial 2×2 factorial design. Women could elect to receive calcium plus random assignment to vitamin D or placebo. Follow-up colonoscopy was anticipated to be performed 3 or 5 years after the baseline examinations, according to the endoscopist's recommendation. The primary end point was adenomas diagnosed in the interval from randomization through the anticipated surveillance colonoscopy. RESULTS Participants who were randomly assigned to receive vitamin D had a mean net increase in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels of 7.83 ng per milliliter, relative to participants given placebo. Overall, 43% of participants had one or more adenomas diagnosed during follow-up. The adjusted risk ratios for recurrent adenomas were 0.99 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.89 to 1.09) with vitamin D versus no vitamin D, 0.95 (95% CI, 0.85 to 1.06) with calcium versus no calcium, and 0.93 (95% CI, 0.80 to 1.08) with both agents versus neither agent. The findings for advanced adenomas were similar. There were few serious adverse events. CONCLUSIONS Daily supplementation with vitamin D3 (1000 IU), calcium (1200 mg), or both after removal of colorectal adenomas did not significantly reduce the risk of recurrent colorectal adenomas over a period of 3 to 5 years. (Funded by the National Cancer Institute; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00153816.).
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Baron
- From the Departments of Medicine (J.A.B., D.J.R., R.R.) and Epidemiology (J.A.B., E.L.B., L.A.M., J.R.R.), Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, and Department of Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon (D.J.R., R.R.) - both in New Hampshire; the Departments of Medicine (J.A.B., R.S.S.) and Biostatistics (A.I.), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill; the Department of Pathology, Fairview Southdale Hospital, Edina (D.C.S.), and the Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Minnesota School of Public Health (T.R.C.), Minnesota Gastroenterology (A.S.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota (A.S.), and Minneapolis Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center (A.S.), Minneapolis - all in Minnesota; the Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.B., M.G.); the Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Vermont, Burlington (B.F.C.), and VA Outcomes Group, White River Junction (D.J.R.) - both in Vermont; the Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver (D.J.A.); the Departments of Quantitative Health Sciences (G.J.B.) and Gastroenterology and Hepatology (C.A.B.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland; the Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (R.S.B.); Puerto Rico Cancer Center, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan (M.C.-C.); the Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (J.C.F.); Consultants in Gastroenterology, West Columbia, SC (M.E.S.); and the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City (R.W.S.)
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33
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Vaishya R, Vijay V, Agarwal AK, Jahangir J. Resurgence of vitamin D: Old wine in new bottle. J Clin Orthop Trauma 2015; 6:173-83. [PMID: 26155053 PMCID: PMC4488032 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcot.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
There are early references of it in ancient text and physicians have discussed its importance and features of its deficiency in the past. Vitamin D has again regained interest with recent dramatic rise in the incidence of deficiency in the developing as well as developing world. In this review article, we discuss the biochemical and role of vitamin D in the skeletal system. We also discuss the recommended dietary requirements and features of skeletal deficiency. Extra-skeletal roles of vitamin D deficiency have been a matter of debate lately and it has also been discussed in detail in this article. In conclusion, it would not be wrong to label vitamin D as one of the most important vitamin involved in the metabolism of the musculoskeletal system and any clinician, especially the orthopaedician, should be well versed with its overall mechanism and roles in the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju Vaishya
- Senior Consultant, Department of Orthopaedics, Indraprastha Apollo Hospital, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Vipul Vijay
- Consultant, Department of Orthopaedics, Indraprastha Apollo Hospital, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Amit Kumar Agarwal
- Consultant, Department of Orthopaedics, Indraprastha Apollo Hospital, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Jabed Jahangir
- Clinical Fellow, Department of Orthopaedics, Indraprastha Apollo Hospital, New Delhi 110067, India
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34
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Bozic M, Álvarez Á, de Pablo C, Sanchez-Niño MD, Ortiz A, Dolcet X, Encinas M, Fernandez E, Valdivielso JM. Impaired Vitamin D Signaling in Endothelial Cell Leads to an Enhanced Leukocyte-Endothelium Interplay: Implications for Atherosclerosis Development. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136863. [PMID: 26322890 PMCID: PMC4556440 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell activation leading to leukocyte recruitment and adhesion plays an essential role in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. Vitamin D has cardioprotective actions, while its deficiency is a risk factor for the progression of cardiovascular damage. Our aim was to assess the role of basal levels of vitamin D receptor (VDR) on the early leukocyte recruitment and related endothelial cell-adhesion-molecule expression, as essential prerequisites for the onset of atherosclerosis. Knockdown of VDR in endothelial cells (shVDR) led to endothelial cell activation, characterized by upregulation of VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and IL-6, decreased peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) rolling velocity and increased PBMC rolling flux and adhesion to the endothelium. shVDR cells showed decreased IκBα levels and accumulation of p65 in the nucleus compared to shRNA controls. Inhibition of NF-κB activation with super-repressor IκBα blunted all signs of endothelial cell activation caused by downregulation of VDR in endothelial cells. In vivo, deletion of VDR led to significantly larger aortic arch and aortic root lesions in apoE-/- mice, with higher macrophage content. apoE-/-VDR-/-mice showed higher aortic expression of VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and IL-6 when compared to apoE-/-VDR+/+ mice. Our data demonstrate that lack of VDR signaling in endothelial cells leads to a state of endothelial activation with increased leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions that may contribute to the more severe plaque accumulation observed in apoE-/-VDR-/- mice. The results reveal an important role for basal levels of endothelial VDR in limiting endothelial cell inflammation and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Bozic
- Nephrology Research Department, IRB Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Ángeles Álvarez
- Department of Pharmacology and CIBERehd, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carmen de Pablo
- Department of Pharmacology and CIBERehd, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Alberto Ortiz
- IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, School of Medicine, UAM and IRSIN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Xavier Dolcet
- Pathology Group, Pathology and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, University of Lleida and IRB Lleida, Spain
| | - Mario Encinas
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida and IRB Lleida, Lleida, Spain
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35
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Wierzbicka JM, Binek A, Ahrends T, Nowacka JD, Szydłowska A, Turczyk Ł, Wąsiewicz T, Wierzbicki PM, Sądej R, Tuckey RC, Slominski AT, Chybicki J, Adrych K, Kmieć Z, Żmijewski MA. Differential antitumor effects of vitamin D analogues on colorectal carcinoma in culture. Int J Oncol 2015; 47:1084-96. [PMID: 26260259 PMCID: PMC4532196 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is an emerging global problem with the rapid increase in its incidence being associated with an unhealthy lifestyle. Epidemiological studies have shown that decreased levels of vitamin D3 significantly increases the risk of CRC. Furthermore, negative effects of vitamin D3 deficiency can be compensated by appropriate supplementation. Vitamin D3 was shown to inhibit growth and induce differentiation of cancer cells, however, excessive vitamin D3 intake leads to hypercalcemia. Thus, development of efficient vitamin D3 analogues with limited impact on calcium homeostasis is an important scientific and clinically relevant task. The aims of the present study were to compare the antiproliferative potential of classic vitamin D3 metabolites (1α,25(OH)2D3 and 25(OH)D3) with selected low calcemic analogues (calcipotriol and 20(OH)D3) on CRC cell lines and to investigate the expression of vitamin D-related genes in CRC cell lines and clinical samples. Vitamin D3 analogues exerted anti-proliferative effects on all CRC cell lines tested. Calcipotriol proved to be as potent as 1α,25(OH)2D3 and had more efficacy than 20-hydroxyvitamin D3. In addition, the analogs tested effectively inhibited the formation of colonies in Matrigel. The expression of genes involved in 1α,25(OH)2D3 signaling and metabolism varied in cell lines analysed, which explains in part their different sensitivities to the various analogues. In CRC biopsies, there was decreased VDR expression in tumor samples in comparison to the surgical margin and healthy colon samples (p<0.01). The present study indicates that vitamin D3 analogues which have low calcemic activity, such as calcipotriol or 20(OH)D3, are very promising candidates for CRC therapy. Moreover, expression profiling of vitamin D-related genes is likely to be a powerful tool in the planning of anticancer therapy. Decreased levels of VDR and increased CYP24A1 expression in clinical samples underline the importance of deregulation of vitamin D pathways in the development of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Wierzbicka
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - A Binek
- Students Scientific Association BIO‑MED, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of the University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - T Ahrends
- Students Scientific Association BIO‑MED, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of the University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - J D Nowacka
- Students Scientific Association BIO‑MED, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of the University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - A Szydłowska
- Students Scientific Association BIO‑MED, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of the University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Ł Turczyk
- Students Scientific Association BIO‑MED, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of the University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - T Wąsiewicz
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - P M Wierzbicki
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - R Sądej
- Department of Molecular Enzymology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of the University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - R C Tuckey
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Western Australia, Crawley WA, Australia
| | - A T Slominski
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama Birmingham, VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - J Chybicki
- Department of General Surgery, Hospital Ministry Internal Affairs, 80104 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - K Adrych
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80210 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Z Kmieć
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - M A Żmijewski
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
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36
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Bushinsky DA, Messa P. Efficacy of early treatment with calcimimetics in combination with reduced doses of vitamin d sterols in dialysis patients. NDT Plus 2015; 1:i18-i23. [PMID: 25983951 PMCID: PMC4421152 DOI: 10.1093/ndtplus/sfm040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2007] [Accepted: 09/10/2007] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is an important physiologic regulator of bone and mineral metabolism. In chronic kidney disease, reduced renal production of calcitriol contributes to secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT). Consequently, supplementation with vitamin D sterols is an important treatment for SHPT and its associated mineral and bone disorders. However, doses of vitamin D sterols required to suppress parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion often promote hypercalcaemia and hyperphosphataemia. Therefore, there is a trade-off between reduced serum PTH and increased levels of serum calcium, phosphorus and calcium–phosphorus product. It has been suggested that treatment of SHPT with cinacalcet, a type II calcimimetic, with reduced doses of vitamin D sterols could enhance achievement of calcium and phosphorus treatment targets while maintaining goals for PTH. Recent clinical trials have evaluated this hypothesis and demonstrated that treatment with cinacalcet in combination with reduced doses of vitamin D sterols is an effective treatment for the management of SHPT.
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37
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Schöttker B, Brenner H. Vitamin D as a Resilience Factor, Helpful for Survival of Potentially Fatal Conditions: A Hypothesis Emerging from Recent Findings of the ESTHER Cohort Study and the CHANCES Consortium. Nutrients 2015; 7:3264-78. [PMID: 25954901 PMCID: PMC4446751 DOI: 10.3390/nu7053264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There is debate on whether vitamin D deficiency is a risk factor for major chronic diseases and premature death or whether observed associations were just confounded by general health status. Here, we review recent results from the Epidemiologische Studie zu Chancen der Verhütung, Früherkennung und optimierten Therapie chronischer Erkrankungen in der älteren Bevölkerung (ESTHER) cohort study and the Consortium on Heatlh and Ageing: Network of Cohorts from Europe and the United States (CHANCES) that suggest that vitamin D deficiency may not be a risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases and cancer but may be a risk factor for fatal instances of these diseases. Furthermore, analyses comprehensively adjusted for the health status showed that the association of vitamin D and mortality was very likely not confounded by general health status. These results suggest that vitamin D could be a marker of resilience to fatality of potentially fatal diseases. Sufficient vitamin D serum concentrations may be needed to regulate the response of the immune system when it is challenged by severe diseases to prevent a fatal course of the disease. If this hypothesis can be verified through basic research studies and adequately designed randomized controlled trials, it could have important public health implications because vitamin D deficiency is very common worldwide, and interventions could be implemented easily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Schöttker
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)-Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Hermann Brenner
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)-Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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38
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Vitamin D Potentiates the Inhibitory Effect of MicroRNA-130a in Hepatitis C Virus Replication Independent of Type I Interferon Signaling Pathway. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:508989. [PMID: 26060358 PMCID: PMC4427768 DOI: 10.1155/2015/508989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcitriol, the bioactive metabolite of vitamin D, was reported to inhibit HCV production in a synergistic fashion with interferon, a treatment in vitro. Our previous study established that miR-130a inhibits HCV replication by restoring the host innate immune response. We aimed to determine whether there is additive inhibitory effect of calcitriol and miR-130a on HCV replication. Here we showed that calcitriol potentiates the anti-HCV effect of miR-130a in both Con1b replicon and J6/JFH1 culture systems. Intriguingly, this potentiating effect of calcitriol on miR-130a was not through upregulating the expression of cellular miR-130a or through increasing the miR-130a-mediated IFNα/β production. All these findings may contribute to the development of novel anti-HCV therapeutic strategies although the antiviral mechanism needs to be further investigated.
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39
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Mann MC, Hollenberg MD, Hanley DA, Ahmed SB. Vitamin D, the autonomic nervous system, and cardiovascular risk. Physiol Rep 2015; 3:e12349. [PMID: 25902783 PMCID: PMC4425957 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David A Hanley
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sofia B Ahmed
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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40
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Ma Y, Hu Q, Luo W, Pratt RN, Glenn ST, Liu S, Trump DL, Johnson CS. 1α,25(OH)2D3 differentially regulates miRNA expression in human bladder cancer cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 148:166-71. [PMID: 25263658 PMCID: PMC4361310 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Bladder cancer is the fourth most commonly diagnosed cancer in men and eighth leading cause of cancer-related death in the US. Epidemiological and experimental studies strongly suggest a role for 1α,25(OH)2D3 in cancer prevention and treatment. The antitumor activities of 1α,25(OH)2D3 are mediated by the induction of cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, differentiation and the inhibition of angiogenesis and metastasis. miRNAs play important regulatory roles in cancer development and progression. However, the role of 1α,25(OH)2D3 in the regulation of miRNA expression and the potential impact in bladder cancer has not been investigated. Therefore, we studied 1α,25(OH)2D3-regulated miRNA expression profiles in human bladder cancer cell line 253J and the highly tumorigenic and metastatic derivative line 253J-BV by miRNA qPCR panels. 253J and 253J-BV cells express endogenous vitamin D receptor (VDR), which can be further induced by 1α,25(OH)2D3. VDR target gene 24-hydroxylase was induced by 1α,25(OH)2D3 in both cell lines, indicating functional 1α,25(OH)2D3 signaling. The miRNA qPCR panel assay results showed that 253J and 253J-BV cells have distinct miRNA expression profiles. Further, 1α,25(OH)2D3 differentially regulated miRNA expression profiles in 253J and 253J-BV cells in a dynamic manner. Pathway analysis of the miRNA target genes revealed distinct patterns of contribution to the molecular functions and biological processes in the two cell lines. In conclusion, 1α,25(OH)2D3 differentially regulates the expression of miRNAs, which may contribute to distinct biological functions, in human bladder 253J and 253J-BV cells. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled '17th Vitamin D Workshop'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyu Ma
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Elm and Carlton Streets, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
| | - Qiang Hu
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Elm and Carlton Streets, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
| | - Wei Luo
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Elm and Carlton Streets, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
| | - Rachel N Pratt
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Elm and Carlton Streets, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
| | - Sean T Glenn
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Elm and Carlton Streets, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
| | - Song Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Elm and Carlton Streets, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
| | - Donald L Trump
- Department of Medicine, Elm and Carlton Streets, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
| | - Candace S Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Elm and Carlton Streets, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
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41
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Jones KS, Assar S, Vanderschueren D, Bouillon R, Prentice A, Schoenmakers I. Predictors of 25(OH)D half-life and plasma 25(OH)D concentration in The Gambia and the UK. Osteoporos Int 2015; 26:1137-46. [PMID: 25278297 PMCID: PMC4331602 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-014-2905-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Predictors of 25(OH)D3 half-life were factors associated with vitamin D metabolism, but were different between people in The Gambia and the UK. Country was the strongest predictor of plasma 25(OH)D concentration, probably as a marker of UVB exposure. 25(OH)D3 half-life may be applied as a tool to investigate vitamin D expenditure. INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to investigate predictors of 25(OH)D3 half-life and plasma 25(OH)D concentration. METHODS Plasma half-life of an oral tracer dose of deuterated-25(OH)D3 was measured in healthy men aged 24-39 years, resident in The Gambia, West Africa (n = 18) and in the UK during the winter (n = 18), countries that differ in calcium intake and vitamin D status. Plasma and urinary markers of vitamin D, calcium, phosphate and bone metabolism, nutrient intakes and anthropometry were measured. RESULTS Normally distributed data are presented as mean (SD) and non-normal data as geometric mean (95% CI). Gambian compared to UK men had higher plasma concentrations of 25(OH)D (69 (13) vs. 29 (11) nmol/L; P < 0.0001); 1,25(OH)2D (181 (165, 197) vs. 120 (109, 132) pmol/L; P < 0.01); and parathyroid hormone (PTH) (50 (42, 60) vs. 33 (27, 39); P < 0.0001). There was no difference in 25(OH)D3 half-life (14.7 (3.5) days vs. 15.6 (2.5) days) between countries (P = 0.2). In multivariate analyses, 25(OH)D, 1,25(OH)2D, vitamin D binding protein and albumin-adjusted calcium (Caalb) explained 79% of variance in 25(OH)D3 half-life in Gambians, but no significant predictors were found in UK participants. For the countries combined, Caalb, PTH and plasma phosphate explained 39 % of half-life variability. 1,25(OH)2D, weight, PTH and country explained 81% of variability in 25(OH)D concentration; however, country alone explained 74%. CONCLUSION Factors known to affect 25(OH)D metabolism predict 25(OH)D3 half-life, but these differed between countries. Country predicted 25(OH)D, probably as a proxy measure for UVB exposure and vitamin D supply. This study supports the use of 25(OH)D half-life to investigate vitamin D metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Jones
- Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Fulbourn Road, Cambridge, CB1 9NL, UK,
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Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphism and the Risk of Multiple Sclerosis in South Eastern of Iran. J Mol Neurosci 2015; 56:572-6. [PMID: 25854779 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-015-0513-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is one of the most widespread demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system. Environmental and genetic factors are collaborating in triggering MS. The role of vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene and its polymorphisms are highlighted as susceptible components. The aim of the present study was to examine the association of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-BsmI and FokI-in VDR gene and MS susceptibility in the South Eastern Iranian population. Therefore, 113 MS patients and 122 controls were recruited in the study. Restriction fragment length polymorphism was performed to detect the SNPs. There were no significant differences in the polymorphism of FokI (rs2228570) in VDR gene among patients and controls (P > 0.05), while a significant difference was observed in BsmI (rs1544410) polymorphism in healthy subjects and homozygous genotype-b/b- with MS (P = 0.025). Results showed a protective association of homozygous genotype-b/b- of BsmI with MS susceptibility in a population in South Eastern of Iran.
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Radhakrishnan VM, Kojs P, Ramalingam R, Midura-Kiela MT, Angeli P, Kiela PR, Ghishan FK. Experimental colitis is associated with transcriptional inhibition of Na+/Ca2+ exchanger isoform 1 (NCX1) expression by interferon γ in the renal distal convoluted tubules. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:8964-74. [PMID: 25648899 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.616516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
NCX1 is a Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger, which is believed to provide a key route for basolateral Ca(2+) efflux in the renal epithelia, thus contributing to renal Ca(2+) reabsorption. Altered mineral homeostasis, including intestinal and renal Ca(2+) transport may represent a significant component of the pathophysiology of the bone mineral density loss associated with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD). The objective of our research was to investigate the effects of TNBS and DSS colitis and related inflammatory mediators on renal Ncx1 expression. Colitis was associated with decreased renal Ncx1 expression, as examined by real-time RT-PCR, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence. In mIMCD3 cells, IFNγ significantly reduced Ncx1 mRNA and protein expression. Similar effects were observed in cells transiently transfected with a reporter construct bearing the promoter region of the kidney-specific Ncx1 gene. This inhibitory effect of IFNγ is mediated by STAT1 recruitment to the proximal promoter region of Ncx1. Further in vivo study with Stat1(-/-) mice confirmed that STAT1 is indeed required for the IFNγ mediated Ncx1 gene regulation. These results strongly support the hypothesis that impaired renal Ca(2+) handling occurs in experimental colitis. Negative regulation of NCX1- mediated renal Ca(2+) absorption by IFNγ may significantly contribute to the altered Ca(2+) homeostasis in IBD patients and to IBD-associated loss of bone mineral density.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pawel Kojs
- From the Departments of Pediatrics, Steele Children's Research Center and
| | | | | | - Peter Angeli
- Zanvyl Krieger School of Arts and Sciences Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218
| | - Pawel R Kiela
- From the Departments of Pediatrics, Steele Children's Research Center and Immunobiology, University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, Tucson, Arizona 85724, and
| | - Fayez K Ghishan
- From the Departments of Pediatrics, Steele Children's Research Center and
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Jin Z, Li X, Wan Y. Minireview: nuclear receptor regulation of osteoclast and bone remodeling. Mol Endocrinol 2014; 29:172-86. [PMID: 25549044 DOI: 10.1210/me.2014-1316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts are bone-resorbing cells essential for skeletal remodeling and regeneration. However, excessive osteoclasts often contribute to prevalent bone degenerative diseases such as osteoporosis, arthritis, and cancer bone metastasis. Osteoclast dysregulation is also associated with rare disorders such as osteopetrosis, pycnodysostosis, Paget's disease, and Gorham-Stout syndrome. The nuclear receptor (NR) family of transcription factors functions as metabolic sensors that control a variety of physiological processes including skeletal homeostasis and serves as attractive therapeutic targets for many diseases. In this review, we highlight recent findings on the new players and the new mechanisms for how NRs regulate osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption. An enhanced understanding of NR functions in osteoclastogenesis will facilitate the development of not only novel osteoprotective medicine but also prudent strategies to minimize the adverse skeletal effects of certain NR-targeting drugs for a better treatment of cancer and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixue Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
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Vitamin D and Cardiometabolic Disorders. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2014; 21:251-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s40292-014-0060-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Hao Z, Zhang L, Zhou J, Zhang X, Shi H, Zhang Y, Wei P, Liang C. Successful management of repetitive urinary obstruction and anuria caused by double j stent calculi formation after renal transplantation. Case Rep Transplant 2014; 2014:245724. [PMID: 25110605 PMCID: PMC4109115 DOI: 10.1155/2014/245724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This report firstly describes an extremely rare case of repetitive double J stent calculi formation after renal transplantation caused by the antihyperparathyroidism (HPT) drug calcitriol. In 2012, a woman initially presented to our hospital for anuria with lower abdominal pain. She was diagnosed with allograft hydronephrosis and double J stents obstruction by calculi formation after transplantation and treated with triplicate stents replacements in another hospital without clinical manifestations improvements. Through detailed exploration of medical history, we conclude that the abnormal calculi formation is due to the calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3) administration, a drug which can increase renal tubular reabsorption of calcium for treating posttransplant HPT bone disease. After discontinuing calcitriol, the patient was stone-free and had a good recovery without severe complications during the 9-month follow-up. Our novel findings may provide an important clue and approach to managing formidable repetitive double J stent calculi formation in the clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongyao Hao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University and Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University and Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University and Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
| | - Xiansheng Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University and Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
| | - Haoqiang Shi
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University and Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
| | - Yifei Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University and Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
| | - Pengfei Wei
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Chaozhao Liang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University and Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
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Vimaleswaran KS, Cavadino A, Berry DJ, Mangino M, Andrews P, Moore JH, Spector TD, Power C, Järvelin MR, Hyppönen E. Interaction between allelic variations in vitamin D receptor and retinoid X receptor genes on metabolic traits. BMC Genet 2014; 15:37. [PMID: 24641809 PMCID: PMC4004151 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2156-15-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Low vitamin D status has been shown to be a risk factor for several metabolic traits such as obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The biological actions of 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D, are mediated through the vitamin D receptor (VDR), which heterodimerizes with retinoid X receptor, gamma (RXRG). Hence, we examined the potential interactions between the tagging polymorphisms in the VDR (22 tag SNPs) and RXRG (23 tag SNPs) genes on metabolic outcomes such as body mass index, waist circumference, waist-hip ratio (WHR), high- and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterols, serum triglycerides, systolic and diastolic blood pressures and glycated haemoglobin in the 1958 British Birth Cohort (1958BC, up to n = 5,231). We used Multifactor- dimensionality reduction (MDR) program as a non-parametric test to examine for potential interactions between the VDR and RXRG gene polymorphisms in the 1958BC. We used the data from Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 (NFBC66, up to n = 5,316) and Twins UK (up to n = 3,943) to replicate our initial findings from 1958BC. Results After Bonferroni correction, the joint-likelihood ratio test suggested interactions on serum triglycerides (4 SNP - SNP pairs), LDL cholesterol (2 SNP - SNP pairs) and WHR (1 SNP - SNP pair) in the 1958BC. MDR permutation model testing analysis showed one two-way and one three-way interaction to be statistically significant on serum triglycerides in the 1958BC. In meta-analysis of results from two replication cohorts (NFBC66 and Twins UK, total n = 8,183), none of the interactions remained after correction for multiple testing (Pinteraction >0.17). Conclusions Our results did not provide strong evidence for interactions between allelic variations in VDR and RXRG genes on metabolic outcomes; however, further replication studies on large samples are needed to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karani S Vimaleswaran
- Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK.
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Salomón DG, Fermento ME, Gandini NA, Ferronato MJ, Arévalo J, Blasco J, Andrés NC, Zenklusen JC, Curino AC, Facchinetti MM. Vitamin D receptor expression is associated with improved overall survival in human glioblastoma multiforme. J Neurooncol 2014; 118:49-60. [PMID: 24584679 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-014-1416-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D and its analogs have been shown to display anti-proliferative effects in a wide variety of cancer types including glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). These anticancer effects are mediated by its active metabolite, 1α, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calcitriol) acting mainly through vitamin D receptor (VDR) signaling. In addition to its involvement in calcitriol action, VDR has also been demonstrated to be useful as a prognostic factor for some types of cancer. However, to our knowledge, there are no studies evaluating the expression of VDR protein and its association with outcome in gliomas. Therefore, we investigated VDR expression by using immunohistochemical analysis in human glioma tissue microarrays, and analyzed the association between VDR expression and clinico-pathological parameters. We further investigated the effects of genetic and pharmacologic modulation of VDR on survival and migration of glioma cell lines. Our data demonstrate that VDR is increased in tumor tissues when compared with VDR in non-malignant brains, and that VDR expression is associated with an improved outcome in patients with GBM. We also show that both genetic and pharmacologic modulation of VDR modulates GBM cellular migration and survival and that VDR is necessary for calcitriol-mediated effects on migration. Altogether these results provide some limited evidence supporting a role for VDR in glioma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora G Salomón
- Laboratorio de Biología del Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB - CONICET), Centro Científico Tecnológico Bahía Blanca, Camino La Carrindanga Km 7 - C.C. 857, 8000, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
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Stein SH, Livada R, Tipton DA. Re-evaluating the role of vitamin D in the periodontium. J Periodontal Res 2013; 49:545-53. [PMID: 24256576 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The importance of vitamin D in maintaining skeletal health via the regulation of calcium has long been recognized as a critical function of this secosteroid. An abundance of literature shows an association between oral bone mineral density and some measure of systemic osteoporosis and suggests that osteoporosis/low bone mass may be a risk factor for periodontal disease. Recently, nonskeletal functions of vitamin D have gained notoriety for several reasons. Many cells that are not associated with calcium homeostasis have been demonstrated to possess membrane receptors for vitamin D. These include activated T and B lymphocytes, and skin, placenta, pancreas, prostate and colon cancer cells. In addition, vitamin D "insufficiency" is a worldwide epidemic and epidemiologic evidence has linked this condition to multiple chronic health problems, including cardiovascular and autoimmune diseases, hypertension and a variety of cancers. Interestingly, there is mounting evidence connecting diminished serum levels of vitamin D with increased gingival inflammation and supporting the concept of "continual vitamin D sufficiency" in maintaining periodontal health. The ability of vitamin D to regulate both the innate and the adaptive components of the host response may play an important role in this process. This review will examine the skeletal and nonskeletal functions of vitamin D, and explore its potential role in protecting the periodontium as well as in regulating periodontal wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Stein
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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Cheng Z, Liang N, Chen TH, Li A, Maria CS, You M, Ho H, Song F, Bikle D, Tu C, Shoback D, Chang W. Sex and age modify biochemical and skeletal manifestations of chronic hyperparathyroidism by altering target organ responses to Ca2+ and parathyroid hormone in mice. J Bone Miner Res 2013; 28:1087-100. [PMID: 23239173 PMCID: PMC3617088 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.1846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Revised: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We studied mice with or without heterozygous deletion of the Casr in the parathyroid gland (PTG) [(PTG) CaSR(+/-)] to delineate effects of age and sex on manifestations of hyperparathyroidism (HPT). In control mice, aging induced a left-shift in the Ca(2+) /parathyroid hormone (PTH) set point accompanied by increased PTG CaSR expression along with lowered serum Ca(2+) and mildly increased PTH levels, suggesting adaptive responses of PTGs to aging-induced changes in mineral homeostasis. The aging effects on Ca(2+) /PTH set point and CaSR expression were significantly blunted in (PTG) CaSR(+/-) mice, who showed instead progressively elevated PTH levels with age, especially in 12-month-old females. These 12-month-old knockout mice demonstrated resistance to their high PTH levels in that serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25-D) levels and RNA expression of renal Cyp27b1 and expression of genes involved in Ca(2+) transport in kidney and intestine were unresponsive to the rising PTH levels. Such changes may promote negative Ca(2+) balance, which further exacerbate the HPT. Skeletal responses to HPT were age-, sex-, and site-dependent. In control mice of either sex, trabecular bone in the distal femur decreased whereas cortical bone in the tibiofibular junction increased with age. In male (PTG) CaSR(+/-) mice, anabolic actions of the elevated PTH levels seemed to protect against trabecular bone loss at ≥ 3 months of age at the expense of cortical bone loss. In contrast, HPT produced catabolic effects on trabecular bone and anabolic effects on cortical bone in 3-month-old females; but these effects reversed by 12 months, preserving trabecular bone in aging mice. We demonstrate that the CaSR plays a central role in the adaptive responses of parathyroid function to age-induced changes in mineral metabolism and in target organ responses to calciotropic hormones. Restraining the ability of the PTG to upregulate CaSRs by heterozygous gene deletion contributes to biochemical and skeletal manifestations of HPT, especially in aging females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Cheng
- Endocrine Research Unit, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | - Nathan Liang
- Endocrine Research Unit, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | - Tsui-Hua Chen
- Endocrine Research Unit, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | - Alfred Li
- Endocrine Research Unit, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | - Christian Santa Maria
- Endocrine Research Unit, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | - Michael You
- Endocrine Research Unit, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | - Hanson Ho
- Endocrine Research Unit, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | - Fuqing Song
- Endocrine Research Unit, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | - Daniel Bikle
- Endocrine Research Unit, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | - Chialing Tu
- Endocrine Research Unit, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | - Dolores Shoback
- Endocrine Research Unit, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | - Wenhan Chang
- Endocrine Research Unit, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
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