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McConn BR, Kpodo KR, Rivier JE, Behan DP, Richert BT, Radcliffe JS, Lay DC, Johnson JS. Interactions between corticotropin releasing factor signaling and prophylactic antibiotics on measures of intestinal function in weaned and transported pigs. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1266409. [PMID: 37908333 PMCID: PMC10615255 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1266409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The study objective was to evaluate the interaction between corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF) receptor signaling and prophylactic antibiotic administration on intestinal physiology in newly weaned and transported pigs. Pigs (n = 56; 5.70 ± 1.05 kg) were weaned (20.49 ± 0.64 d), a blood sample was taken, and then pigs were given an intraperitoneal injection of saline (SAL; n = 28 pigs) or a CRF receptor antagonist (CRFA; n = 28 pigs; 30 μg/kg body weight; Astressin B), and then were transported in a livestock trailer for 12 h and 49 min. A second and third intraperitoneal injection was given at 4 h 42 min and 11 h 36 min into the transport process, respectively. Following transport, 4 SAL and 4 CRFA pigs were blood sampled and euthanized. The remaining 48 pigs were individually housed and given dietary antibiotics [AB; n = 12 SAL and 12 CRFA pigs; chlortetracycline (441 ppm) + tiamulin (38.6 ppm)] or no dietary antibiotics (NAB; n = 12 SAL and 12 CRFA pigs) for 14 d post-transport. Blood was collected at 12 h and on d 3, 7, and 14, and then pigs were euthanized on d 7 (n = 24) and d 14 (n = 24) post-weaning and transport. Circulating cortisol was reduced (p = 0.05) in CRFA pigs when compared to SAL pigs post-weaning and transport. On d 7, jejunal villus height and crypt depth was greater overall (p < 0.05) in AB-fed pigs versus NAB-fed pigs. On d 14, ileal crypt depth was reduced (p = 0.02) in CRFA pigs when compared to SAL pigs. Jejunal CRF mRNA abundance tended to be reduced (p = 0.09) on d 7 in CRFA pigs versus SAL pigs. On d 14, jejunal tumor necrosis factor-alpha was reduced (p = 0.01) in AB-fed pigs versus NAB-fed pigs. On d 7, change in glucose short-circuit current tended to be increased (p = 0.07) in CRFA pigs fed the AB diet when compared to CRFA pigs fed the NAB diet. In conclusion, CRFA pigs and pigs fed AB had some similar biological intestinal function measures post-weaning and transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty R. McConn
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | | | - Jean E. Rivier
- Sentia Medical Sciences Inc, San Diego, CA, United States
| | | | | | | | - Donald C. Lay
- Livestock Behavior Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service (USDA), West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Jay S. Johnson
- Livestock Behavior Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service (USDA), West Lafayette, IN, United States
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2
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Jia M, Reynolds KL, Wong EA. Effects of high incubation temperature on tight junction proteins in the yolk sac and small intestine of embryonic broilers. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102875. [PMID: 37406432 PMCID: PMC10339051 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
During the transition from incubation to hatch, the chicks shift from obtaining nutrients from the yolk sac to the intestine. The yolk sac tissue (YST) and small intestine serve as biological barriers between the yolk or gut contents and the blood circulation. These barriers must maintain structural integrity for optimal nutrient uptake as well as protection from pathogens. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of high incubation temperature on mRNA abundance of the tight junction (TJ) proteins zona occludens 1 (ZO1), occludin (OCLN), claudin 1 (CLDN1), and junctional adhesion molecules A and 2 (JAMA, JAM2) and the heat shock proteins (HSP70 and HSP90) in the YST and small intestine of embryonic broilers. Broiler eggs were incubated at 37.5°C. On embryonic day 12 (E12), half of the eggs were switched to 39.5°C. YST samples were collected from E7 to day of hatch (DOH), while small intestinal samples were collected from E17 to DOH. The temporal expression of TJ protein mRNA from E7 to DOH at 37.5°C and the effect of incubation temperature from E13 to DOH were analyzed by one-way and two-way ANOVA, respectively and Tukey's test. Significance was set at P < 0.05. The temporal expression pattern of ZO1, OCLN, and CLDN1 mRNA showed a pattern of decreased expression from E7 to E13 followed by an increase to DOH. High incubation temperature caused an upregulation of ZO1 and JAM2 mRNA in the YST and small intestine. Using in situ hybridization, OCLN and JAMA mRNA were detected in the epithelial cells of the YST. In addition, JAMA mRNA was detected in epithelial cells of the small intestine, whereas JAM2 mRNA was detected in the vascular system of the villi and lamina propria. In conclusion, the YST expressed mRNA for TJ proteins and high incubation temperature increased ZO1 and JAM2 mRNA. This suggests that the TJ in the vasculature of the YST and intestine is affected by high incubation temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jia
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - K L Reynolds
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - E A Wong
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
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Lee JY, Yoon JH, An SH, Cho IH, Lee CW, Jeon YJ, Joo SS, Ban BC, Lee JY, Jung HJ, Kim M, Kim ZH, Jung JY, Kim M, Kong C. Intestinal Immune Cell Populations, Barrier Function, and Microbiomes in Broilers Fed a Diet Supplemented with Chlorella vulgaris. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2380. [PMID: 37508157 PMCID: PMC10376636 DOI: 10.3390/ani13142380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary Chlorella vulgaris (CV) on the distribution of immune cells, intestinal morphology, intestinal barrier function, antioxidant markers, and the cecal microbiome in 10-day-old broiler chickens. A total of 120 day-old Ross 308 male broiler chicks were assigned to two dietary treatments using a randomized complete block design, with body weight as the blocking factor. Birds fed a diet containing CV showed an increase in CD4+ T cells (p < 0.05) compared to those fed the control diet. The relative mRNA expression of intestinal epithelial barrier function-related markers (occludin and avian β-defensin 5) was elevated (p < 0.05) in the CV-supplemented group compared to the control group. The alpha diversity indices (Chao1 and observed features) of the cecal microbiome in 10-day-old birds increased (p < 0.05), indicating higher richness within the cecal bacterial community. In the microbiome analysis, enriched genera abundance of Clostridium ASF356 and Coriobacteriaceae CHKCI002 was observed in birds fed the diet containing CV compared to those fed the control diet. Taken together, dietary CV supplementation might alter intestinal barrier function, immunity, and microbiomes in 10-day-old broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Lee
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - June Hyeok Yoon
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Hyun An
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Republic of Korea
| | - In Ho Cho
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Won Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Ji Jeon
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Seok Joo
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong Cheol Ban
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Yeong Lee
- Animal Genetic Resources Research Center, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Jung
- Animal Nutrition and Physiology Team, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Minji Kim
- Animal Nutrition and Physiology Team, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Z-Hun Kim
- Microbial Research Department, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources (NNIBR), Sangju 37242, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Jung
- Microbial Research Department, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources (NNIBR), Sangju 37242, Republic of Korea
| | - Myunghoo Kim
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
- Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Changsu Kong
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Republic of Korea
- Department of Animal Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Horse Industry, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Republic of Korea
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4
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Dahlgren D, Lennernäs H. Review on the effect of chemotherapy on the intestinal barrier: Epithelial permeability, mucus and bacterial translocation. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114644. [PMID: 37018992 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy kills fast-growing cells including gut stem cells. This affects all components of the physical and functional intestinal barrier, i.e., the mucus layer, epithelium, and immune system. This results in an altered intestinal permeability of toxic compounds (e.g., endotoxins) as well as luminal bacterial translocation into the mucosa and central circulation. However, there is uncertainty regarding the relative contributions of the different barrier components for the development of chemotherapy-induced gut toxicity. This review present an overview of the intestinal mucosal barrier determined with various types of molecular probes and methods, and how they are affected by chemotherapy based on reported rodent and human data. We conclude that there is overwhelming evidence that chemotherapy increases bacterial translocation, and that it affects the mucosal barrier by rendering the mucosa more permeable to large permeability probes. Chemotherapy also seems to impede the intestinal mucus barrier, even though this has been less clearly evaluated from a functional standpoint but certainly plays a role in bacteria translocation. Combined, it is however difficult to outline a clear temporal or succession between the different gastrointestinal events and barrier functions, especially as chemotherapy-induced neutropenia is also involved in intestinal immunological homeostasis and bacterial translocation. A thorough characterization of this would need to include a time dependent development of neutropenia, intestinal permeability, and bacterial translocation, ideally after a range of chemotherapeutics and dosing regimens.
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Rojas-Ortega DA, Rojas-Hernández S, Sánchez-Mendoza ME, Gómez-López M, Sánchez-Camacho JV, Rosales-Cruz E, Yépez MMC. Role of FcγRIII in the nasal cavity of BALB/c mice in the primary amebic meningoencephalitis protection model. Parasitol Res 2023; 122:1087-1105. [PMID: 36913025 PMCID: PMC10009362 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-07810-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Different mechanisms of the host immune response against the primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) in the mouse protection model have been described. It has been proposed that antibodies opsonize Naegleria fowleri trophozoites; subsequently, the polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) surround the trophozoites to avoid the infection. FcγRs activate signaling pathways of adapter proteins such as Syk and Hck on PMNs to promote different effector cell functions which are induced by the Fc portion of the antibody-antigen complexes. In this work, we analyzed the activation of PMNs, epithelial cells, and nasal passage cells via the expression of Syk and Hck genes. Our results showed an increment of the FcγRIII and IgG subclasses in the nasal cavity from immunized mice as well as Syk and Hck expression was increased, whereas in the in vitro assay, we observed that when the trophozoites of N. fowleri were opsonized with IgG anti-N. fowleri and interacted with PMN, the expression of Syk and Hck was also increased. We suggest that PMNs are activated via their FcγRIII, which leads to the elimination of the trophozoites in vitro, while in the nasal cavity, the adhesion and consequently infection are avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Alexander Rojas-Ortega
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Molecular, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Salvador Diaz Mirón Esq. Plan de San Luis S/N, Miguel Hidalgo, Casco de Santo Tomas, Ciudad de Mexico, México
| | - Saúl Rojas-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Molecular, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Salvador Diaz Mirón Esq. Plan de San Luis S/N, Miguel Hidalgo, Casco de Santo Tomas, Ciudad de Mexico, México
| | - María Elena Sánchez-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Molecular, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Salvador Diaz Mirón Esq. Plan de San Luis S/N, Miguel Hidalgo, Casco de Santo Tomas, Ciudad de Mexico, México
| | - Modesto Gómez-López
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Molecular, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Salvador Diaz Mirón Esq. Plan de San Luis S/N, Miguel Hidalgo, Casco de Santo Tomas, Ciudad de Mexico, México
| | - Jennifer Viridiana Sánchez-Camacho
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Molecular, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Salvador Diaz Mirón Esq. Plan de San Luis S/N, Miguel Hidalgo, Casco de Santo Tomas, Ciudad de Mexico, México
| | - Erika Rosales-Cruz
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Hematopatología, Departamento de Morfología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Ciudad de Mexico, México
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von Buchholz JS, Ruhnau D, Hess C, Aschenbach JR, Hess M, Awad WA. Paracellular intestinal permeability of chickens induced by DON and/or C. jejuni is associated with alterations in tight junction mRNA expression. Microb Pathog 2022; 168:105509. [PMID: 35367310 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Toxins, antigens, and harmful pathogens continuously challenge the intestinal mucosa. Therefore, regulation of the intestinal barrier is crucial for the maintenance of mucosal homeostasis and gut health. Intercellular complexes, namely, tight junctions (TJs), regulate paracellular permeability. TJs are mainly composed of claudins (CLDN), occludin (OCLN), tight junction associated MARVEL-domain proteins (TAMPS), the scaffolding zonula occludens (ZO) proteins and junction-adhesion molecules (JAMs). Different studies have shown that a Campylobacter infection can lead to a phenomenon so-called "leaky gut", including the translocation of luminal bacteria to the underlying tissue and internal organs. Based on the effects of C. jejuni on the chicken gut, we hypothesize that impacts on TJ proteins play a crucial role in the destructive effects of the intestinal barrier. Likewise, the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) can also alter gut permeability in chickens. Albeit DON and C. jejuni are widely distributed, no data are available on their effect on the tight junctions' barrier in the broiler intestine and consequences for permeability. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the interaction between DON and C. jejuni on the gut barrier by linking permeability with gene expression of TJ proteins and to determine the relationships between the measurements. Following oral infection of birds with C. jejuni NCTC 12744 at 14 days of age, we demonstrate that the co-exposure with DON has considerable consequences on gut permeability as well as on gut TJ mRNA expression. Co-exposure of DON and C. jejuni enhanced the negative effect on paracellular permeability of the intestine, which was also noticed for the bacteria or the mycotoxin alone by the Ussing chamber technique at certain time points in both jejunum and caecum. Furthermore, the increased paracellular permeability was associated with significant changes in TJ mRNA expression in the small and large intestine. The actual study demonstrates that co-exposure of broiler chickens to DON and C. jejuni resulted in a decreased barrier function via up-regulation of pore-forming tight junctions (CLDN7 and CLDN10), as well as the cytosolic TJ protein occludin (OCLN) that can shift to various paracellular locations and are therefore able to alter the epithelial permeability. These findings indicate that the co-exposure of broiler chickens to DON and C. jejuni affects the paracellular permeability of the gut by altering the tight junction proteins. Furthermore, analysing of correlations between TJs revealed that the mRNA expression levels of most tight junctions were correlated with each other in both jejunum and caecum. Finally, the findings indicate that the molecular composition of tight junctions can be used as a marker for gut health and integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sophia von Buchholz
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel Ruhnau
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Claudia Hess
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jörg R Aschenbach
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Hess
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wageha A Awad
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.
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Richter JF, Hildner M, Mrowka R, Schmauder R. Probing the leak pathway: Live-cell imaging of macromolecule passage through epithelia. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2022; 1516:151-161. [PMID: 35766317 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Epithelia compartmentalize multicellular organisms and provide interfacing between the inside and outside. Apart from regulating the exchange of solutes, uptake of nutrients, and excretion of waste products, their major function is to prevent uncontrolled access of foreign material to immune-competent compartments. Progress in understanding this barrier function toward larger solutes and its possible defects, as can be seen in a variety of diseases, is largely hampered by a lack of methods to spatiotemporally resolve transepithelial passage of macromolecules. Using different cell culture epithelia, we applied biotinylated dextran tracers carrying an acceptor fluorophore. These bind to cell-adherent avidin carrying donor fluorophore at the basolateral membranes of single-layered epithelial sheets. Confocal fluorescence microscopy was applied to living epithelia in order to image apical-to-basolateral tracer passage as a Förster resonance energy transfer signal of the fluorescent dextran-avidin pair over time. Stimulated macromolecule passage using barrier-perturbing agents proved its effectiveness for the leak imaging method presented herein. Over hours of imaging, spontaneous leaks were rare, occurring transiently on the scale of minutes and for the most part associated with rearranging cell junctions. The discussed approach to leak imaging is expected to promote the understanding of epithelial barriers, particularly, the nature and dynamics of the epithelial cell leak pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan F Richter
- Jena University Hospital, Institute of Anatomy II, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Markus Hildner
- Jena University Hospital, Institute of Anatomy II, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Ralf Mrowka
- Jena University Hospital, KIM III Department of Experimental Nephrology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Ralf Schmauder
- Jena University Hospital, Institute of Physiology II, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
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8
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Solaymani-Mohammadi S. Mucosal Defense Against Giardia at the Intestinal Epithelial Cell Interface. Front Immunol 2022; 13:817468. [PMID: 35250996 PMCID: PMC8891505 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.817468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Human giardiasis, caused by the protozoan parasite Giardia duodenalis (syn. Giardia lamblia, Giardia intestinalis, Lamblia intestinalis), is one of the most commonly-identified parasitic diseases worldwide. Chronic G. duodenalis infections cause a malabsorption syndrome that may lead to failure to thrive and/or stunted growth, especially in children in developing countries. Understanding the parasite/epithelial cell crosstalk at the mucosal surfaces of the small intestine during human giardiasis may provide novel insights into the mechanisms underlying the parasite-induced immunopathology and epithelial tissue damage, leading to malnutrition. Efforts to identify new targets for intervening in the development of intestinal immunopathology and the progression to malnutrition are critical. Translating these findings into a clinical setting will require analysis of these pathways in cells and tissues from humans and clinical trials could be devised to determine whether interfering with unwanted mucosal immune responses developed during human giardiasis provide better therapeutic benefits and clinical outcomes for G. duodenalis infections in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahram Solaymani-Mohammadi
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United States
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Liu G, Xu X, Wu C, Jia G, Zhao H, Chen X, Tian G, Cai J, Wang J. Spermine protects intestinal barrier integrity through ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1/phospholipase C-γ1 signaling pathway in piglets. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2022; 8:135-143. [PMID: 34977383 PMCID: PMC8683656 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Weaning stress can cause tight junctions damage and intestinal permeability enhancement, which leads to intestinal imbalance and growth retardation, thereby causing damage to piglet growth and development. Spermine can reduce stress. However, the mechanism of spermine modulating the intestinal integrity in pigs remains largely unknown. This study aims to examine whether spermine protects the intestinal barrier integrity of piglets through ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1)/phospholipase C-γ1 (PLC-γ1) signaling pathway. In vivo, 80 piglets were categorised into 4 control groups and 4 spermine groups (10 piglets per group). The piglets were fed with normal saline or spermine at 0.4 mmol/kg BW for 7 h and 3, 6 and 9 d. In vitro, we investigated whether spermine protects the intestinal barrier after a tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) challenge through Rac1/PLC-γ1 signaling pathway. The in vivo study found that spermine supplementation increased tight junction protein mRNA levels and Rac1/PLC-γ1 signaling pathway gene expression in the jejunum of piglets. The serum D-lactate content was significantly decreased after spermine supplementation (P < 0.05). The in vitro study found that 0.1 μmol/L spermine increased the levels of tight junction protein expression, Rac1/PLC-γ1 signaling pathway and transepithelial electrical resistance, and decreased paracellular permeability (P < 0.05). Further experiments demonstrated that spermine supplementation enhanced the levels of tight junction protein expression, Rac1/PLC-γ1 signaling pathway and transepithelial electrical resistance, and decreased paracellular permeability compared with the NSC-23766 and U73122 treatment with spermine after TNF-α challenge (P < 0.05). Collectively, spermine protects intestinal barrier integrity through Rac1/PLC-γ1 signaling pathway in piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangmang Liu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiaomei Xu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Caimei Wu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Gang Jia
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Gang Tian
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jingyi Cai
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
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Zouache MA. Variability in Retinal Neuron Populations and Associated Variations in Mass Transport Systems of the Retina in Health and Aging. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:778404. [PMID: 35283756 PMCID: PMC8914054 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.778404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with a broad range of visual impairments that can have dramatic consequences on the quality of life of those impacted. These changes are driven by a complex series of alterations affecting interactions between multiple cellular and extracellular elements. The resilience of many of these interactions may be key to minimal loss of visual function in aging; yet many of them remain poorly understood. In this review, we focus on the relation between retinal neurons and their respective mass transport systems. These metabolite delivery systems include the retinal vasculature, which lies within the inner portion of the retina, and the choroidal vasculature located externally to the retinal tissue. A framework for investigation is proposed and applied to identify the structures and processes determining retinal mass transport at the cellular and tissue levels. Spatial variability in the structure of the retina and changes observed in aging are then harnessed to explore the relation between variations in neuron populations and those seen among retinal metabolite delivery systems. Existing data demonstrate that the relation between inner retinal neurons and their mass transport systems is different in nature from that observed between the outer retina and choroid. The most prominent structural changes observed across the eye and in aging are seen in Bruch's membrane, which forms a selective barrier to mass transfers at the interface between the choroidal vasculature and the outer retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moussa A. Zouache
- John A. Moran Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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11
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An Overview of Nanotechnologies for Drug Delivery to the Brain. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020224. [PMID: 35213957 PMCID: PMC8875260 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug delivery to the brain has been one of the toughest challenges researchers have faced to develop effective treatments for brain diseases. Owing to the blood–brain barrier (BBB), only a small portion of administered drug can reach the brain. A consequence of that is the need to administer a higher dose of the drug, which, expectedly, leads to a variety of unwanted side effects. Research in a variety of different fields has been underway for the past couple of decades to address this very serious and frequently lethal problem. One area of research that has produced optimistic results in recent years is nanomedicine. Nanomedicine is the science birthed by fusing the fields of nanotechnology, chemistry and medicine into one. Many different types of nanomedicine-based drug-delivery systems are currently being studied for the sole purpose of improved drug delivery to the brain. This review puts together and briefly summarizes some of the major breakthroughs in this crusade. Inorganic nanoparticle-based drug-delivery systems, such as gold nanoparticles and magnetic nanoparticles, are discussed, as well as some organic nanoparticulate systems. Amongst the organic drug-delivery nanosystems, polymeric micelles and dendrimers are discussed briefly and solid polymeric nanoparticles are explored in detail.
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12
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Zhang D, Man X, Li L, Tang J, Liu F. Radiocontrast agent and intraductal pressure promote the progression of post-ERCP pancreatitis by regulating inflammatory response, cellular apoptosis, and tight junction integrity. Pancreatology 2022; 22:74-82. [PMID: 34810073 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2021.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis (PEP) is the most common complication following ERCP and the mechanism is not fully understood. This study evaluated the changes in the inflammatory response, cellular apoptosis, and tight junction integrity in a rat model of pancreatitis to explore the underlying mechanism. METHODS PEP was induced in rats by retrograde biliopancreatic ductal infusion of contrast agents or saline. Pancreatic tissues were harvested and evaluated by histopathologic, immunohistochemical, immunofluorescence, and Western blot analyses. In addition, amylase and proinflammatory cytokines in plasma were quantified by ELISA assay. RESULTS PEP rats developed more severe acute pancreatitis than the sham group after injection of the contrast agent or isotonic saline. PEP rats exhibited increased tissue damage, plasma amylase, proinflammatory cytokines, necrosis, inflammatory infiltrates, apoptosis, and tight junction disruption. At the molecular level, contrast agent and isotonic saline-injected PEP rats demonstrated elevated NF-κB p65 and STAT3 pathways activation, altered expression and activation of apoptosis-related proteins, and suppressed expression of tight junction molecules. However, the contrast agent concentration had no effect on these changes. CONCLUSIONS In models of acute pancreatitis induced using contrast agent and hydrostatic pressure, the contrast agent and high hydrostatic pressure easily induced the inflammatory response, apoptosis, and tight junction disruption. It is noteworthy that no significant difference in damaged pancreatic acinar cells was observed with different concentrations of the contrast agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhang
- Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, China
| | - Xiaohua Man
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Li
- Digestive Endoscopy Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Digestive Endoscopy Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Kaminsky LW, Al-Sadi R, Ma TY. IL-1β and the Intestinal Epithelial Tight Junction Barrier. Front Immunol 2021; 12:767456. [PMID: 34759934 PMCID: PMC8574155 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.767456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelial tight junction (TJ) barrier controls the paracellular permeation of contents from the intestinal lumen into the intestinal tissue and systemic circulation. A defective intestinal TJ barrier has been implicated as an important pathogenic factor in inflammatory diseases of the gut including Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, necrotizing enterocolitis, and celiac disease. Previous studies have shown that pro-inflammatory cytokines, which are produced during intestinal inflammation, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α, and interferon-γ, have important intestinal TJ barrier-modulating actions. Recent studies have shown that the IL-1β-induced increase in intestinal TJ permeability is an important contributing factor of intestinal inflammation. The IL-1β-induced increase in intestinal TJ permeability is mediated by regulatory signaling pathways and activation of nuclear transcription factor nuclear factor-κB, myosin light chain kinase gene activation, and post-transcriptional occludin gene modulation by microRNA and contributes to the intestinal inflammatory process. In this review, the regulatory role of IL-1β on intestinal TJ barrier, the intracellular mechanisms that mediate the IL-1β modulation of intestinal TJ permeability, and the potential therapeutic targeting of the TJ barrier are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren W Kaminsky
- Section of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Rana Al-Sadi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Thomas Y Ma
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
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Wagener BM, Hu R, Wu S, Pittet JF, Ding Q, Che P. The Role of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Virulence Factors in Cytoskeletal Dysregulation and Lung Barrier Dysfunction. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:776. [PMID: 34822560 PMCID: PMC8625199 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13110776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas (P.) aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that causes serious infections and hospital-acquired pneumonia in immunocompromised patients. P. aeruginosa accounts for up to 20% of all cases of hospital-acquired pneumonia, with an attributable mortality rate of ~30-40%. The poor clinical outcome of P. aeruginosa-induced pneumonia is ascribed to its ability to disrupt lung barrier integrity, leading to the development of lung edema and bacteremia. Airway epithelial and endothelial cells are important architecture blocks that protect the lung from invading pathogens. P. aeruginosa produces a number of virulence factors that can modulate barrier function, directly or indirectly, through exploiting cytoskeleton networks and intercellular junctional complexes in eukaryotic cells. This review summarizes the current knowledge on P. aeruginosa virulence factors, their effects on the regulation of the cytoskeletal network and associated components, and molecular mechanisms regulating barrier function in airway epithelial and endothelial cells. A better understanding of these processes will help to lay the foundation for new therapeutic approaches against P. aeruginosa-induced pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brant M. Wagener
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (B.M.W.); (R.H.); (S.W.); (J.-F.P.); (Q.D.)
- Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Ruihan Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (B.M.W.); (R.H.); (S.W.); (J.-F.P.); (Q.D.)
- Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Guiqian International General Hospital, Guiyang 550024, China
| | - Songwei Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (B.M.W.); (R.H.); (S.W.); (J.-F.P.); (Q.D.)
- Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Jean-Francois Pittet
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (B.M.W.); (R.H.); (S.W.); (J.-F.P.); (Q.D.)
- Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Qiang Ding
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (B.M.W.); (R.H.); (S.W.); (J.-F.P.); (Q.D.)
- Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Pulin Che
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (B.M.W.); (R.H.); (S.W.); (J.-F.P.); (Q.D.)
- Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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Wang Z, Cantrell LS, Schey KL. Spatially Resolved Proteomic Analysis of the Lens Extracellular Diffusion Barrier. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:25. [PMID: 34554179 PMCID: PMC8475287 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.12.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The presence of a physical barrier to molecular diffusion through lenticular extracellular space has been repeatedly detected. This extracellular diffusion barrier has been proposed to restrict the movement of solutes into the lens and to direct nutrients into the lens core via the sutures at both poles. The purpose of this study is to characterize the molecular components that could contribute to the formation of this barrier. Methods Three distinct regions in the bovine lens cortex were captured by laser capture microdissection guided by dye penetration. Proteins were digested by Lys C and trypsin. Mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis followed by gene ontology and protein interaction network analysis was performed. Results Dye penetration showed that fiber cells first shrink the extracellular spaces of the broad sides followed by closure of the extracellular space between narrow sides at a normalized lens distance (r/a) of 0.9. Accompanying the closure of extracellular space of the broad sides, dramatic proteomic changes were detected, including upregulation of several cell junctional proteins. AQP0 and its interacting partners, Ezrin and Radixin, were among a few proteins that were upregulated, accompanying the closure of extracellular space of the narrow sides, suggesting a particularly important role for AQP0 in controlling the narrowing of the extracellular spaces between fiber cells. The results also provided important information related to biological processes that occur during fiber cell differentiation such as organelle degradation, cytoskeletal remodeling, and glutathione synthesis. Conclusions The formation of a lens extracellular diffusion barrier is accompanied by significant membrane and cytoskeletal protein remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Lee S. Cantrell
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Kevin L. Schey
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
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Gong J, Qian P, Hu Y, Guo C, Wei G, Wang C, Cai C, Wang H, Liu D. Claudin h Is Essential for Hair Cell Morphogenesis and Auditory Function in Zebrafish. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:663995. [PMID: 34046408 PMCID: PMC8147561 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.663995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary hearing loss caused by defective hair cells is one of the most common congenital diseases, whose nosogenesis is still unclear because many of the causative genes remain unidentified. Claudins are one kind of transmembrane proteins that constitute the most important components of the tight junctions and paracellular barrier and play important roles in neurodevelopment. In this study, we investigated the function of claudin h in morphogenesis and auditory function of the hair cell in zebrafish. The results of in situ hybridization showed that claudin h was specifically localized in the otic vesicle and neuromasts in zebrafish embryos. The deficiency of claudin h caused significant reduction of otic vesicle size and loss of utricle otolith. Moreover, the startle response and vestibulo-ocular reflex experiments revealed that loss of claudin h led to serious hearing loss and vestibular dysfunction. Importantly, the confocal microscopy observation found that compared to the control zebrafish, the claudin h morphants and mutants displayed significantly reduced the number of cristae hair cells and shortened kinocilia. Besides, the deficiency of claudin h also caused the loss of hair cells in neuromasts which could be rescued by injecting claudin h mRNA into the mutant embryos at one cell stage. Furthermore, the immunohistochemistry experiments demonstrated remarkable apoptosis of hair cells in the neuromasts, which might contribute to the loss of hair cells number. Overall, these data indicated that claudin h is indispensable for the development of hair cells, vestibular function, and hearing ability of zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gong
- Nantong Laboratory of Development and Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and MOE, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Peipei Qian
- Nantong Laboratory of Development and Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and MOE, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yuebo Hu
- Nantong Laboratory of Development and Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and MOE, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Chao Guo
- Nantong Laboratory of Development and Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and MOE, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Guanyun Wei
- Nantong Laboratory of Development and Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and MOE, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Nantong Laboratory of Development and Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and MOE, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Chengyun Cai
- Nantong Laboratory of Development and Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and MOE, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Haibo Wang
- Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Nantong Laboratory of Development and Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and MOE, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Dahlgren D, Sjöblom M, Hellström PM, Lennernäs H. Chemotherapeutics-Induced Intestinal Mucositis: Pathophysiology and Potential Treatment Strategies. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:681417. [PMID: 34017262 PMCID: PMC8129190 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.681417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract is particularly vulnerable to off-target effects of antineoplastic drugs because intestinal epithelial cells proliferate rapidly and have a complex immunological interaction with gut microbiota. As a result, up to 40-100% of all cancer patients dosed with chemotherapeutics experience gut toxicity, called chemotherapeutics-induced intestinal mucositis (CIM). The condition is associated with histological changes and inflammation in the mucosa arising from stem-cell apoptosis and disturbed cellular renewal and maturation processes. In turn, this results in various pathologies, including ulceration, pain, nausea, diarrhea, and bacterial translocation sepsis. In addition to reducing patient quality-of-life, CIM often leads to dose-reduction and subsequent decrease of anticancer effect. Despite decades of experimental and clinical investigations CIM remains an unsolved clinical issue, and there is a strong consensus that effective strategies are needed for preventing and treating CIM. Recent progress in the understanding of the molecular and functional pathology of CIM had provided many new potential targets and opportunities for treatment. This review presents an overview of the functions and physiology of the healthy intestinal barrier followed by a summary of the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the development of CIM. Finally, we highlight some pharmacological and microbial interventions that have shown potential. Conclusively, one must accept that to date no single treatment has substantially transformed the clinical management of CIM. We therefore believe that the best chance for success is to use combination treatments. An optimal combination treatment will likely include prophylactics (e.g., antibiotics/probiotics) and drugs that impact the acute phase (e.g., anti-oxidants, apoptosis inhibitors, and anti-inflammatory agents) as well as the recovery phase (e.g., stimulation of proliferation and adaptation).
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Affiliation(s)
- David Dahlgren
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Markus Sjöblom
- Department of Neuroscience, Division of Physiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per M Hellström
- Department of Medical Sciences, Gastroenterology/Hepatology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hans Lennernäs
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Kim YH, Kim KJ, D’Argenio DZ, Crandall ED. Characteristics of Passive Solute Transport across Primary Rat Alveolar Epithelial Cell Monolayers. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:331. [PMID: 33946241 PMCID: PMC8145727 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11050331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Primary rat alveolar epithelial cell monolayers (RAECM) were grown without (type I cell-like phenotype, RAECM-I) or with (type II cell-like phenotype, RAECM-II) keratinocyte growth factor to assess passive transport of 11 hydrophilic solutes. We estimated apparent permeability (Papp) in the absence/presence of calcium chelator EGTA to determine the effects of perturbing tight junctions on "equivalent" pores. Papp across RAECM-I and -II in the absence of EGTA are similar and decrease as solute size increases. We modeled Papp of the hydrophilic solutes across RAECM-I/-II as taking place via heterogeneous populations of equivalent pores comprised of small (0.41/0.32 nm radius) and large (9.88/11.56 nm radius) pores, respectively. Total equivalent pore area is dominated by small equivalent pores (99.92-99.97%). The number of small and large equivalent pores in RAECM-I was 8.55 and 1.29 times greater, respectively, than those in RAECM-II. With EGTA, the large pore radius in RAECM-I/-II increased by 1.58/4.34 times and the small equivalent pore radius increased by 1.84/1.90 times, respectively. These results indicate that passive diffusion of hydrophilic solutes across an alveolar epithelium occurs via small and large equivalent pores, reflecting interactions of transmembrane proteins expressed in intercellular tight junctions of alveolar epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Ho Kim
- Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center and Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033-0906, USA; (Y.H.K.); (K.-J.K.)
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033-0906, USA
| | - Kwang-Jin Kim
- Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center and Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033-0906, USA; (Y.H.K.); (K.-J.K.)
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033-0906, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-1111, USA;
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9037, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9121, USA
| | - David Z. D’Argenio
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-1111, USA;
| | - Edward D. Crandall
- Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center and Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033-0906, USA; (Y.H.K.); (K.-J.K.)
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033-0906, USA
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033-9092, USA
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-1211, USA
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von Buchholz JS, Bilic I, Aschenbach JR, Hess M, Mitra T, Awad WA. Establishment of a novel probe-based RT-qPCR approach for detection and quantification of tight junctions reveals age-related changes in the gut barriers of broiler chickens. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248165. [PMID: 33667266 PMCID: PMC7935255 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tight junctions (TJs) play a dominant role in gut barrier formation, therefore, resolving the structures of TJs in any animal species is crucial but of major importance in fast growing broilers. They are regulated in molecular composition, ultrastructure and function by intracellular proteins and the cytoskeleton. TJ proteins are classified according to their function into barrier-forming, scaffolding and pore-forming types with deductible consequences for permeability. In spite of their importance for gut health and its integrity limited studies have investigated the TJs in chickens, including the comprehensive evaluation of TJs molecular composition and function in the chicken gut. In the actual study sequence-specific probes to target different TJ genes (claudin 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 19, zonula occludens 1 (ZO1), occludin (OCLN) and tricellulin (MD2)) were designed and probe-based RT-qPCRs were newly developed. Claudin (CLDN) 1, 5, ZO1 and CLDN 3, 7, MD2 were engulfed in multiplex RT-qPCRs, minimizing the number of separate reactions and enabling robust testing of many samples. All RT-qPCRs were standardized for chicken jejunum and caecum samples, which enabled specific detection and quantification of the gene expression. Furthermore, the newly established protocols were used to investigate the age developmental changes in the TJs of broiler chickens from 1-35 days of age in the same organ samples. Results revealed a significant increase in mRNA expression between 14 and 21days of age of all tested TJs in jejunum. However, in caecum, mRNA expression of some TJs decreased after 1 day of age whereas some TJs mRNA remained constant till 35 days of age. Taken together, determining the segment-specific changes in the expression of TJ- proteins by RT-qPCR provides a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underpinning pathophysiological changes in the gut of broiler chickens with various etiologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Sophia von Buchholz
- Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ivana Bilic
- Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jörg R. Aschenbach
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Hess
- Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Taniya Mitra
- Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wageha A. Awad
- Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
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Behrens JL, Schnepel N, Hansen K, Hustedt K, Burmester M, Klinger S, Breves G, Muscher-Banse AS. Modulation of Intestinal Phosphate Transport in Young Goats Fed a Low Phosphorus Diet. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020866. [PMID: 33467106 PMCID: PMC7831023 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal absorption of phosphate (Pi) takes place transcellularly through the active NaPi-cotransporters type IIb (NaPiIIb) and III (PiT1 and PiT2) and paracellularly by diffusion through tight junction (TJ) proteins. The localisation along the intestines and the regulation of Pi absorption differ between species and are not fully understood. It is known that 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D3) and phosphorus (P) depletion modulate intestinal Pi absorption in vertebrates in different ways. In addition to the apical uptake into the enterocytes, there are uncertainties regarding the basolateral excretion of Pi. Functional ex vivo experiments in Ussing chambers and molecular studies of small intestinal epithelia were carried out on P-deficient goats in order to elucidate the transepithelial Pi route in the intestine as well as the underlying mechanisms of its regulation and the proteins, which may be involved. The dietary P reduction had no effect on the duodenal and ileal Pi transport rate in growing goats. The ileal PiT1 and PiT2 mRNA expressions increased significantly, while the ileal PiT1 protein expression, the mid jejunal claudin-2 mRNA expression and the serum 1,25-(OH)2D3 levels were significantly reduced. These results advance the state of knowledge concerning the complex mechanisms of the Pi homeostasis in vertebrates.
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Rubashkin AA, Iserovich P, Vorotyntsev MA. A Theory of Charge Selectivity Reversal in Cation- or Anion-Selective Tight Junctions between Epithelial Cells: A Nonlocal Electrostatic Approach. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350921010127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Physical origin of Na+/Cl− selectivity of tight junctions between epithelial cells. Nonlocal electrostatic approach. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Stapleton EM, Kizhakke Puliyakote A, Metwali N, Jeronimo M, Thornell IM, Manges RB, Bilas M, Kamal Batcha MA, Kumaravel MS, Durairaj K, Karuppusamy K, Kathiresan G, Rahim SA, Shanmugam K, Thorne PS, Peters TM, Hoffman EA, Comellas AP. Lung function of primary cooks using LPG or biomass and the effect of particulate matter on airway epithelial barrier integrity. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 189:109888. [PMID: 32979995 PMCID: PMC7525042 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cooks exposed to biomass fuel experience increased risk of respiratory disease and mortality. We sought to characterize lung function and environmental exposures of primary cooking women using two fuel-types in southeastern India, as well as to investigate the effect of particulate matter (PM) from kitchens on human airway epithelial (HAE) cells in vitro. METHODS We assessed pre- and post-bronchodilator lung function on 25 primary female cooks using wood biomass or liquified petroleum gas (LPG), and quantified exposures from 34 kitchens (PM2.5, PM < 40 μm, black carbon, endotoxin, and PM metal and bacterial content). We then challenged HAE cells with PM, assessing its cytotoxicity to small-airway cells (A549) and its effect on: transepithelial conductance and macromolecule permeability (NuLi cells), and antimicrobial activity (using airway surface liquid, ASL, from primary HAE cells). RESULTS Lung function was impaired in cooks using both fuel-types. 60% of participants in both fuel-types had respiratory restriction (post bronchodilator FEV1/FVC>90). The remaining 40% in the LPG group had normal spirometry (post FEV1/FVC = 80-90), while only 10% of participants in the biomass group had normal spirometry, and the remaining biomass cooks (30%) had respiratory obstruction (post FEV1/FVC<80). Significant differences were found in environmental parameters, with biomass kitchens containing greater PM2.5, black carbon, zirconium, arsenic, iron, vanadium, and endotoxin concentrations. LPG kitchens tended to have more bacteria (p = 0.14), and LPG kitchen PM had greater sulphur concentrations (p = 0.02). In vitro, PM induced cytotoxicity in HAE A549 cells in a dose-dependent manner, however the effect was minimal and there were no differences between fuel-types. PM from homes of participants with a restrictive physiology increased electrical conductance of NuLi HAE cells (p = 0.06) and decreased macromolar permeability (p ≤ 0.05), while PM from homes of those with respiratory obstruction tended to increase electrical conductance (p = 0.20) and permeability (p = 0.07). PM from homes of participants with normal spirometry did not affect conductance or permeability. PM from all homes tended to inhibit antimicrobial activity of primary HAE cell airway surface liquid (p = 0.06). CONCLUSIONS Biomass cooks had airway obstruction, and significantly greater concentrations of kitchen environmental contaminants than LPG kitchens. PM from homes of participants with respiratory restriction and obstruction altered airway cell barrier function, elucidating mechanisms potentially responsible for respiratory phenotypes observed in biomass cooks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma M Stapleton
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.
| | | | - Nervana Metwali
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.
| | - Matthew Jeronimo
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T1Z3, Canada.
| | - Ian M Thornell
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.
| | - Robert B Manges
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.
| | - Monalisa Bilas
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.
| | | | | | - Kumar Durairaj
- Centre for Research and Development, Ponnaiah Ramajayam Institute of Science and Technology, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Kesavan Karuppusamy
- Department of Physics, Periyar Maniammai Institute of Science and Technology, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Geetha Kathiresan
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Periyar Maniammai Institute of Science and Technology, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Sirajunnisa Abdul Rahim
- Department of Chemistry, Periyar Maniammai Institute of Science and Technology, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Kumaran Shanmugam
- Department of Biotechnology, Periyar Maniammai Institute of Science and Technology, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Peter S Thorne
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.
| | - Thomas M Peters
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.
| | - Eric A Hoffman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States; Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.
| | - Alejandro P Comellas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.
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Claudin-1 Is a Valuable Prognostic Biomarker in Colorectal Cancer: A Meta-Analysis. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2020; 2020:4258035. [PMID: 32855635 PMCID: PMC7443231 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4258035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Claudin-1 plays an important part in maintaining the mucosal structures and physiological functions. Several studies showed a relationship between claudin-1 and colorectal cancer (CRC), but its prognostic significance is inconsistent. This meta-analysis assessed the prognostic value and clinical significance of claudin-1 in CRC. Materials and Methods We retrieved eligible studies from PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science databases before February 10, 2020. The hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was applied to assess the correlation between claudin-1 and prognosis and clinical features. Heterogeneity was assessed by the Cochran Q test and I-square (I2), while publication bias was evaluated by the Begg test and Egger test. Test sequence analysis (TSA) was used to estimate whether the included studies' number is sufficient. The stability of the results was judged by sensitivity analysis. Metaregression was utilized to explore the possible covariance which may impact on heterogeneity among studies. Results Eight studies incorporating 1704 patients met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis showed that the high expression of claudin-1 was associated with better overall survival (HR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.28–0.76; P = 0.002) and disease-free survival (HR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.29–0.65; P = 0.003) in CRC. In addition, we found that claudin-1 was related to the better tumor type (n = 6; RR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.49–0.73; P < 0.00001), negative venous invasion (n = 4; RR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.70–0.95; P = 0.001), and negative lymphatic invasion (n = 4; RR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.74–0.92; P = 0.0009). Conclusion The increased claudin-1 expression in CRC is associated with better prognosis. In addition, claudin-1 was related to the better tumor type and the less venous invasion and lymphatic invasion.
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Anwer S, Szaszi K. Immunofluorescent Staining of Claudin-2 in Cultured Kidney Tubular Cells. Bio Protoc 2020; 10:e3678. [PMID: 33659349 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.3678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the claudin family of tight junction proteins regulate paracellular permeability and modulate cell signaling. During junction remodeling, these proteins are selectively inserted into or retrieved from the tight junctions, but the control and coordination of these processes remain incompletely understood. Visualization of claudins allows the assessment of changes in their localization and abundance. We use the described protocol to stain claudin-2, but it can also be adapted to stain any tight junction protein. We found that using methanol for fixing allows the best preservation of claudin-2 both at the membrane and in cytoplasmic vesicles. Staining is done using a claudin-2 specific primary and a fluorescently labelled secondary antibody, along with DAPI to label nuclei. The samples are then imaged using confocal microscopy, and a z-stack is obtained allowing visualization of both junctional and intracellular claudin-2. Total claudin-2 signal can be quantified after 3D reconstruction of the images using the Imaris software.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaista Anwer
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Katalin Szaszi
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Dept. of Surgery, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
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Zhang Y, Zheng A, Lu H, Jin Z, Peng Z, Jin F. The Expression and Prognostic Significance of Claudin-8 and Androgen Receptor in Breast Cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:3437-3448. [PMID: 32425547 PMCID: PMC7188512 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s242406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Claudin-8 (CLDN8) has been identified as an androgen-regulated gene in prostate cancer. However, the role of CLDN8 has not been fully explored in breast cancer. We aimed to explore the expression of CLDN8 and androgen receptor (AR), determine the correlation between CLDN8 and AR, assess the prognostic value of CLDN8 and AR co-expression, and investigate the possible CLDN8 expression molecular mechanism in breast cancer. Materials and Methods Twenty-eight pairs of fresh tumor tissues and adjacent noncancerous tissues were evaluated by Western blot for CLDN8. Then, 142 breast cancer samples were determined by immunohistochemistry for CLDN8 and AR. The association of clinicopathological features with CLDN8, AR and CLDN8, and AR co-expression was examined. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was used to demonstrate the expression of CLDN8 and correlation between CLDN8 and AR. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was performed to assess the prognostic impact of CLDN8 and AR co-expression. The mechanisms related to CLDN8 expression in breast cancer were explored by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). Results CLDN8 was downregulated in breast cancer tissues and positively correlated with none lymph node metastasis (P=0.016), low histological grade (P=0.006), positive ER (P=0.014), positive PR (P=0.003), low Ki-67 index (P=0.017) and molecular subtypes (P=0.012). CLDN8 level was significantly associated with AR level (r=0.348; P<0.001). CLDN8 and AR co-expression was positively correlated with none lymph node metastasis (P=0.007), low histological grade (P=0.017), positive ER (P=0.019), positive PR (P=0.015) and low Ki-67 index group (P=0.038). CLDN8 and AR co-expression had a better clinical prognosis. Conclusion The expression of CLDN8 is directly related to the expression of AR. CLDN8 and AR co-expression might be a potential prognostic evaluation factor for breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqi Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ang Zheng
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zining Jin
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziqi Peng
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Jin
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
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Prot-Bertoye C, Houillier P. Claudins in Renal Physiology and Pathology. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11030290. [PMID: 32164158 PMCID: PMC7140793 DOI: 10.3390/genes11030290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Claudins are integral proteins expressed at the tight junctions of epithelial and endothelial cells. In the mammalian kidney, every tubular segment express a specific set of claudins that give to that segment unique properties regarding permeability and selectivity of the paracellular pathway. So far, 3 claudins (10b, 16 and 19) have been causally traced to rare human syndromes: variants of CLDN10b cause HELIX syndrome and variants of CLDN16 or CLDN19 cause familial hypomagnesemia with hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis. The review summarizes our current knowledge on the physiology of mammalian tight junctions and paracellular ion transport, as well as on the role of the 3 above-mentioned claudins in health and disease. Claudin 14, although not having been causally linked to any rare renal disease, is also considered, because available evidence suggests that it may interact with claudin 16. Some single-nucleotide polymorphisms of CLDN14 are associated with urinary calcium excretion and/or kidney stones. For each claudin considered, the pattern of expression, the function and the human syndrome caused by pathogenic variants are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Prot-Bertoye
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France;
- Service de Physiologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, F-75015 Paris, France
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Rénales Héréditaires de l’Enfant et de l’Adulte (MARHEA), F-75015 Paris, France
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares du Calcium et du Phosphate, F-75015 Paris, France
- CNRS, ERL8228, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Pascal Houillier
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France;
- Service de Physiologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, F-75015 Paris, France
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Rénales Héréditaires de l’Enfant et de l’Adulte (MARHEA), F-75015 Paris, France
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares du Calcium et du Phosphate, F-75015 Paris, France
- CNRS, ERL8228, F-75006 Paris, France
- Correspondence:
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Development of Human Monoclonal Antibody for Claudin-3 Overexpressing Carcinoma Targeting. Biomolecules 2019; 10:biom10010051. [PMID: 31905631 PMCID: PMC7022679 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Most malignant tumors originate from epithelial tissues in which tight junctions mediate cell-cell interactions. Tight junction proteins, especially claudin-3 (CLDN3), are overexpressed in various cancers. Claudin-3 is exposed externally during tumorigenesis making it a potential biomarker and therapeutic target. However, the development of antibodies against specific CLDN proteins is difficult, because CLDNs are four-transmembrane domain proteins with high homology among CLDN family members and species. Here, we developed a human IgG1 monoclonal antibody (h4G3) against CLDN3 through scFv phage display using CLDN3-overexpressing stable cells and CLDN3-embedded lipoparticles as antigens. The h4G3 recognized the native conformation of human and mouse CLDN3 without cross-reactivity to other CLDNs. The binding kinetics of h4G3 demonstrated a sub-nanomolar affinity for CLDN3 expressed on the cell surface. The h4G3 showed antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) according to CLDN3 expression levels in various cancer cells by the activation of FcγRIIIa (CD16a). The biodistribution of h4G3 was analyzed by intravenous injection of fluorescence-conjugated h4G3 which showed that it localized to the tumor site in xenograft mice bearing CLDN3-expressing tumors. These results indicate that h4G3 recognizes CLDN3 specifically, suggesting its value for cancer diagnosis, antibody-drug conjugates, and potentially as a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) for CLDN3-expressing pan-carcinoma.
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Farnesol contributes to intestinal epithelial barrier function by enhancing tight junctions via the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway in differentiated Caco-2 cells. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2019; 51:403-412. [PMID: 31845097 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-019-09817-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Candida albicans causes mucosal diseases and secretes farnesol, a quorum-sensing molecule, which plays a vital role in suppressing the yeast-to-mycelia switch. Farnesol can also regulate immune cell function. However, how farnesol interacts with the intestinal epithelium remains unknown. Herein, we identified that farnesol promotes intestinal barrier function, by promoting transepithelial electrical resistance, reducing paracellular flux, inducing the Zonula Occludens-1 Protein (ZO-1) and occludin expression. Moreover, the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway was activated after farnesol treatment, and inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation by stattic remarkably suppressed the expression level of ZO-1. Additionally, chromatin immunoprecipitation assay (Chip) revealed that farnesol facilitated the transcriptional activation of STAT3 to significantly enhance the expression of ZO-1. Taken together, our findings demonstrated that farnesol facilitated intestinal epithelial barrier transcriptional regulation via activating JAK/STAT3 signaling. The involved molecules may be potentially targeted for treatment of Candida albicans invasion.
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Blueberry Attenuates Liver Fibrosis, Protects Intestinal Epithelial Barrier, and Maintains Gut Microbiota Homeostasis. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 2019:5236149. [PMID: 31886154 PMCID: PMC6893245 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5236149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recently, blueberry has been identified as a candidate for the treatment of liver fibrosis. Given the role of gut-liver axis in liver fibrosis and the importance of the gut microbiota homeostasis to the maintenance of the intestinal epithelial barrier, this study aimed to investigate whether blueberry could attenuate liver fibrosis and protect the intestinal epithelial barrier by maintaining the homeostasis of the gut microbiota. METHOD A CCl4-induced rat liver fibrosis model was used to detect the roles of blueberry in liver fibrosis and intestinal epithelial barrier. The liver weight and body weight were measured, the liver function was monitored by ALT and AST activity, protein and mRNA were determined by western blot and RT-qPCR, and the gut microbiome was detected by Miseq. RESULTS The results showed that blueberry could reduce the rate of liver weight/body weight gain (p < 0.05), ALT (p < 0.01) and AST (p < 0.05) activity, and the expression of collagen I (p < 0.01), collagen IV (p < 0.01), and α-SMA (p < 0.01) expression in CCl4-induced rat liver. CCl4 impaired the intestinal epithelial barrier and decreased the expression of the tight junction protein. Blueberry restored the intestinal epithelial barrier and increased the expression of the tight junction protein. The gut microbiota homeostasis was impaired by CCl4, but after treatment with blueberry, the intestinal flora returned to normal. CONCLUSION Blueberry attenuated liver fibrosis, protected intestinal epithelial barrier, and maintained the homeostasis of the gut microbiota in a CCl4-induced injury rat model.
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A truncating CLDN9 variant is associated with autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss. Hum Genet 2019; 138:1071-1075. [PMID: 31175426 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-019-02037-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
While the importance of tight junctions in hearing is well established, the role of Claudin- 9 (CLDN9), a tight junction protein, in human hearing and deafness has not been explored. Through whole-genome sequencing, we identified a one base pair deletion (c.86delT) in CLDN9 in a consanguineous family from Turkey with autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss. Three affected members of the family had sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) ranging from moderate to profound in severity. The variant is predicted to cause a frameshift and produce a truncated protein (p.Leu29ArgfsTer4) in this single-exon gene. It is absent in public databases as well as in over 1000 Turkish individuals, and co-segregates with SNHL in the family. Our in vitro studies demonstrate that the mutant protein does not localize to cell membrane as demonstrated for the wild-type protein. Mice-lacking Cldn9 have been shown to develop SNHL. We conclude that CLDN9 is essential for proper audition in humans and its disruption leads to SNHL in humans.
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Zhou S, Piao X, Wang C, Wang R, Song Z. Identification of claudin‑1, ‑3, ‑7 and ‑8 as prognostic markers in human laryngeal carcinoma. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:393-400. [PMID: 31115553 PMCID: PMC6580001 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Various genomic and epigenetic modifications that occur during the development of cancer act as potential biomarkers for early diagnosis and treatment. Previous studies have demonstrated abnormal expression of the claudin (CLDN) tight junction (TJ) proteins in numerous types of human cancer. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were employed to investigate variations in the expression of the CLDN TJ proteins in laryngeal non-neoplastic tissues and laryngeal squamous carcinoma tissues. It was revealed that CLDN2, CLDN4, CLDN5, CLDN6, CLDN9, CLDN11 and CLDN12 were undetectable in laryngeal squamous carcinoma tissues and laryngeal non-neoplastic tissues. Additionally, CLDN10 was expressed in laryngeal squamous carcinoma tissues and laryngeal non-neoplastic tissues; however, no significant difference was reported. Conversely, the expression levels of CLDN1 and CLDN7 mRNA and protein were downregulated in laryngeal squamous carcinoma tissues compared with in adjacent non-neoplastic tissues, whereas those of CLDN3 and CLDN8 were upregulated. A total of 80 samples of laryngeal squamous carcinoma and non-neoplastic tissues were analyzed for the expression of CLDN1, −3, −7 and −8 via streptavidin-peroxidase immunohistochemical staining. It was revealed that the expression levels of CLDN1 and CLDN7 were downregulated in laryngeal squamous carcinoma tissues compared with in non-neoplastic mucosal tissues, whereas those of CLDN3 and CLDN8 were upregulated. Furthermore, the associations between CLDN expression and the clinicopathological factors of patients were analyzed. The expression levels of CLDN3 and CLDN7 were reported to be associated with distant metastasis and serve as potential predictors of poor prognosis. In conclusion, the findings of the present study demonstrated that the expression levels of CLDN1, −3, −7 and −8 varied between laryngeal squamous carcinoma tissues and non-neoplastic tissues. The expression levels of these CLDNs may be useful molecular markers for the diagnosis of laryngeal carcinoma, and determining the metastasis and prognosis of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Xue Piao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Maternity Hospital of Changchun City, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Chengyan Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Zhimin Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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Tervonen A, Ihalainen TO, Nymark S, Hyttinen J. Structural dynamics of tight junctions modulate the properties of the epithelial barrier. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214876. [PMID: 30964903 PMCID: PMC6456171 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Tight junctions are dynamic structures that are crucial in establishing the diffusion and electrical barrier of epithelial monolayers. Dysfunctions in the tight junctions can impede this barrier function and lead to many pathological conditions. Unfortunately, detailed understanding of the non-specific permeation pathway through the tight junctions, the so-called leak pathway, is lacking. We created computational models of the leak pathway to describe the two main barrier measures, molecular permeability and transepithelial electric resistance while using common structural dynamics. Our results showed that the proposed alternatives for the leak pathway, the bicellular strand opening dynamics and the tricellular pores, contribute together with distinct degrees, depending on the epithelium. The models can also capture changes in the tight junction barrier caused by changes in tight junction protein composition. In addition, we observed that the molecular permeability was markedly more sensitive to changes in the tight junction structure and strand dynamics compared with transepithelial electric resistance. The results highlight that our model creates a good methodological framework to integrate knowledge on the tight junction structure as well as to provide insights and tools to advance tight junction research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aapo Tervonen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology and BioMediTech Institute, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- * E-mail:
| | - Teemu O. Ihalainen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology and BioMediTech Institute, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Soile Nymark
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology and BioMediTech Institute, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jari Hyttinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology and BioMediTech Institute, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
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Bhat AA, Uppada S, Achkar IW, Hashem S, Yadav SK, Shanmugakonar M, Al-Naemi HA, Haris M, Uddin S. Tight Junction Proteins and Signaling Pathways in Cancer and Inflammation: A Functional Crosstalk. Front Physiol 2019; 9:1942. [PMID: 30728783 PMCID: PMC6351700 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of epithelial cells to organize through cell–cell adhesion into a functioning epithelium serves the purpose of a tight epithelial protective barrier. Contacts between adjacent cells are made up of tight junctions (TJ), adherens junctions (AJ), and desmosomes with unique cellular functions and a complex molecular composition. These proteins mediate firm mechanical stability, serves as a gatekeeper for the paracellular pathway, and helps in preserving tissue homeostasis. TJ proteins are involved in maintaining cell polarity, in establishing organ-specific apical domains and also in recruiting signaling proteins involved in the regulation of various important cellular functions including proliferation, differentiation, and migration. As a vital component of the epithelial barrier, TJs are under a constant threat from proinflammatory mediators, pathogenic viruses and bacteria, aiding inflammation and the development of disease. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients reveal loss of TJ barrier function, increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines, and immune dysregulation; yet, the relationship between these events is partly understood. Although TJ barrier defects are inadequate to cause experimental IBD, mucosal immune activation is changed in response to augmented epithelial permeability. Thus, the current studies suggest that altered barrier function may predispose or increase disease progression and therapies targeted to specifically restore the barrier function may provide a substitute or supplement to immunologic-based therapies. This review provides a brief introduction about the TJs, AJs, structure and function of TJ proteins. The link between TJ proteins and key signaling pathways in cell proliferation, transformation, and metastasis is discussed thoroughly. We also discuss the compromised intestinal TJ integrity under inflammatory conditions, and the signaling mechanisms involved that bridge inflammation and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajaz A Bhat
- Division of Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Srijayaprakash Uppada
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Iman W Achkar
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sheema Hashem
- Division of Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Santosh K Yadav
- Division of Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Hamda A Al-Naemi
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohammad Haris
- Division of Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar.,Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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Rajagopal N, Irudayanathan FJ, Nangia S. Palmitoylation of Claudin-5 Proteins Influences Their Lipid Domain Affinity and Tight Junction Assembly at the Blood–Brain Barrier Interface. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:983-993. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b09535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nandhini Rajagopal
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse 13244, United States
| | | | - Shikha Nangia
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse 13244, United States
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Eisenhardt M, Schlupp P, Höfer F, Schmidts T, Hoffmann D, Czermak P, Pöppel AK, Vilcinskas A, Runkel F. The therapeutic potential of the insect metalloproteinase inhibitor against infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Pharm Pharmacol 2018; 71:316-328. [PMID: 30408181 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to investigate the therapeutic potential of the insect metalloproteinase inhibitor (IMPI) from Galleria mellonella, the only known specific inhibitor of M4 metalloproteinases. METHODS The fusion protein IMPI-GST (glutathione-S-transferase) was produced by fermentation in Escherichia coli and was tested for its ability to inhibit the proteolytic activity of the M4 metalloproteinases thermolysin and Pseudomonas elastase (PE), the latter a key virulence factor of the wound-associated and antibiotic-resistant pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We also tested the ability of IMPI to inhibit the secretome (Sec) of a P. aeruginosa strain obtained from a wound. KEY FINDINGS We found that IMPI-GST inhibited thermolysin and PE in vitro and increased the viability of human keratinocytes exposed to Sec by inhibiting detachment caused by changes in cytoskeletal morphology. IMPI-GST also improved the cell migration rate in an in vitro wound assay and reduced the severity of necrosis caused by Sec in an ex vivo porcine wound model. CONCLUSIONS The inhibition of virulence factors is a novel therapeutic approach against antibiotic resistant bacteria. Our results indicate that IMPI is a promising drug candidate for the treatment of P. aeruginosa infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Eisenhardt
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Peggy Schlupp
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Frank Höfer
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmidts
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Daniel Hoffmann
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Peter Czermak
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen, Giessen, Germany.,Department of Bio-Resources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Giessen, Germany
| | - Anne-Kathrin Pöppel
- Department of Bio-Resources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Giessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Vilcinskas
- Department of Bio-Resources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Giessen, Germany.,Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Frank Runkel
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen, Giessen, Germany
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Rowart P, Wu J, Caplan MJ, Jouret F. Implications of AMPK in the Formation of Epithelial Tight Junctions. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2040. [PMID: 30011834 PMCID: PMC6073107 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19072040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Tight junctions (TJ) play an essential role in the epithelial barrier. By definition, TJ are located at the demarcation between the apical and baso-lateral domains of the plasma membrane in epithelial cells. TJ fulfill two major roles: (i) TJ prevent the mixing of membrane components; and (ii) TJ regulate the selective paracellular permeability. Disruption of TJ is regarded as one of the earliest hallmarks of epithelial injury, leading to the loss of cell polarity and tissue disorganization. Many factors have been identified as modulators of TJ assembly/disassembly. More specifically, in addition to its role as an energy sensor, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) participates in TJ regulation. AMPK is a ubiquitous serine/threonine kinase composed of a catalytic α-subunit complexed with regulatory β-and γ-subunits. AMPK activation promotes the early stages of epithelial TJ assembly. AMPK phosphorylates the adherens junction protein afadin and regulates its interaction with the TJ-associated protein zonula occludens (ZO)-1, thereby facilitating ZO-1 distribution to the plasma membrane. In the present review, we detail the signaling pathways up-and down-stream of AMPK activation at the time of Ca2+-induced TJ assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Rowart
- Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA), Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Liège (ULiège), Avenue de L'Hôpital 11, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
| | - Jingshing Wu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Michael J Caplan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - François Jouret
- Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA), Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Liège (ULiège), Avenue de L'Hôpital 11, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
- Division of Nephrology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège (CHU of Liège), University of Liège (CHU ULiège), 13-B4000 Liège, Belgium.
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Yang L, Sun X, Meng X. Differences in the expression profiles of claudin proteins in human gastric carcinoma compared with non‑neoplastic mucosa. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:1271-1278. [PMID: 29901188 PMCID: PMC6072183 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous genetic alterations associated with cancer progression have the potential to serve as biomarkers for the early diagnosis of cancer. Numerous studies have suggested that claudin proteins, which are the primary components of tight junction structures, are associated with the regulation of cell polarity and cell differentiation. To investigate the expression profiles of the tight junction proteins claudin-2, −5, −7 and −8 in gastric carcinoma, immunohistochemical analysis, western blotting and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis was used to detect the expression profiles of these claudin proteins in gastric carcinoma tissues and in homologous non-neoplastic mucosal tissues. According to the present study, the expression levels of claudin-7 and claudin-8 were downregulated, while the expression of claudin-5 was upregulated in gastric carcinoma tissues compared with in non-neoplastic mucosal tissues. Additionally, no notable difference was observed between claudin-2 expression in gastric carcinoma tissues and non-neoplastic mucosae. Correlations between claudin-7 and −8 expression and lymphatic metastasis in gastric carcinoma tissues were additionally reported. In summary, the present study revealed the distinct expression profiles of claudin-5, −7 and −8 in non-neoplastic mucosal tissues and gastric carcinoma tissues. Furthermore, the expression of these claudin proteins was highly associated with metastatic progression and prognosis in patients with gastric carcinoma, and had predictive value for the metastasis and survival of patients with gastric carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luoluo Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Xun Sun
- Department of Pathology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Xiangwei Meng
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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Weikard R, Hadlich F, Hammon HM, Frieten D, Gerbert C, Koch C, Dusel G, Kuehn C. Long noncoding RNAs are associated with metabolic and cellular processes in the jejunum mucosa of pre-weaning calves in response to different diets. Oncotarget 2018; 9:21052-21069. [PMID: 29765519 PMCID: PMC5940403 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) emerged as important regulatory component of mechanisms involved in gene expression, chromatin modification and epigenetic processes, but they are rarely annotated in the bovine genome. Our study monitored the jejunum transcriptome of German Holstein calves fed two different milk diets using transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq). To identify potential lncRNAs within the pool of unknown transcripts, four bioinformatic lncRNA prediction tools were applied. The intersection of the alignment-free lncRNA prediction tools (CNCI, PLEK and FEELnc) predicted 1,812 lncRNA transcripts concordantly comprising a catalogue of 1,042 putative lncRNA loci expressed in the calves’ intestinal mucosa. Nine lncRNA loci were differentially expressed (DE lncRNAs) between both calf groups. To elucidate their biological function, we applied a systems biology approach that combines weighted gene co-expression network analysis with functional enrichment and biological pathway analysis. Four DE lncRNAs were found to be strongly correlated with a gene network module (GNM) enriched for genes from canonical pathways of remodeling of epithelial adherens junction, tight junction and integrin signaling. Another DE lncRNA was strongly correlated with a GNM enriched for genes associated with energy metabolism and maintaining of cellular homeostasis with a focus on mitochondrial processes. Our data suggest that these DE lncRNAs may play potential regulatory roles in modulating biological processes associated with energy metabolism pathways and cellular signaling processes affecting the barrier function of intestinal epithelial cells of calves in response to different feeding regimens in the pre-weaning period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemarie Weikard
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Frieder Hadlich
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Harald M Hammon
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | | | - Caroline Gerbert
- Educational and Research Centre for Animal Husbandry, Hofgut Neumühle, Münchweiler, Germany
| | - Christian Koch
- Educational and Research Centre for Animal Husbandry, Hofgut Neumühle, Münchweiler, Germany
| | - Georg Dusel
- University of Applied Sciences, Bingen, Germany
| | - Christa Kuehn
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany.,Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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Corsini M, Ravaggi A, Odicino F, Santin AD, Ravelli C, Presta M, Romani C, Mitola S. Claudin3 is localized outside the tight junctions in human carcinomas. Oncotarget 2018; 9:18446-18453. [PMID: 29719617 PMCID: PMC5915084 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Claudin3 is an integral component of the tight junction proteins in polarized epithelia. The expression of claudin3 was assessed in epithelial-derived tumors using Oncomine database. To determine the gene alteration during carcinogenesis, copy number alterations and mutations of claudin3 were evaluated using cBioPortal database. Claudin3 is overexpressed in several tumors including gynecological, bladder, breast and prostate carcinomas. 38% of the 163 evaluated studies show mutations and/or amplification of claudin3. 3D reconstruction of tissue samples following immunofluorescence analysis clearly demonstrated that, unlike in healthy tissues, claudin3 is mislocalized and unengaged in the formation of tight junction in tumor samples. These data strongly support the evaluation of unengaged claudin3 as a target for the development of novel diagnostic probes, optical approaches for real time detection of tumoral tissues during surgery, and target therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Corsini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Antonella Ravaggi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, 'Angelo Nocivelli' Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Franco Odicino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, 'Angelo Nocivelli' Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Davide Santin
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Cosetta Ravelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.,Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Laboratory for Preventive e Personalized Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Presta
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Chiara Romani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, 'Angelo Nocivelli' Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Stefania Mitola
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.,Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Laboratory for Preventive e Personalized Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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41
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Zhang X, Wang H, Li Q, Liu Y, Zhao P, Li T. Differences in the expression profiles of claudin proteins in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma compared with non-neoplastic mucosa. Diagn Pathol 2018; 13:11. [PMID: 29402318 PMCID: PMC5800018 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-018-0685-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several studies have suggested that claudin proteins, which are the main components of tight junction structures, are related to the regulation of cell polarity and cell differentiation. Method To explore the expression profiles of the tight junction proteins claudin-2, − 5, − 8 and − 9 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma, IHC (immunohistochemical analysis), Western blot and real-time PCR were used to detect the expression profiles of these claudin proteins in nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues and in non-neoplastic mucosal tissues. Results According to our study, the expression levels of claudin-2 and claudin-5 were reduced, while the expression of claudin-8 was increased in nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues in comparison with non-neoplastic mucosal tissues. Correlations between claudin-2 and -5 expression and metastatic progression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients were also found. Conclusion In summary, our research reveals distinct expression profiles of claudin-2, − 5 and − 8 in non-neoplastic mucosal tissues and nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues. In addition, the expression of these claudin proteins was highly correlated with metastatic progression and prognosis in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma and had predictive value for the metastasis and survival of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Zhang
- Center for Translational Medicine; Department of Spinal Surgery, Central Hospital of Zibo, Affiliated with Shandong University, Gongqingtuan Road 54Hao, Zibo, Shandong Province, China
| | - Haiming Wang
- Department of General Surgery, People's Hospital of Linzi District, Affiliated with Binzhou Medical College, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Central Hospital of Zibo, Affiliated with Shandong University, Zibo, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yunpeng Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Peiqing Zhao
- Center for Translational Medicine; Department of Spinal Surgery, Central Hospital of Zibo, Affiliated with Shandong University, Gongqingtuan Road 54Hao, Zibo, Shandong Province, China
| | - Tao Li
- Center for Translational Medicine; Department of Spinal Surgery, Central Hospital of Zibo, Affiliated with Shandong University, Gongqingtuan Road 54Hao, Zibo, Shandong Province, China.
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42
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Phospholipase Cγ1 links inflammation and tumorigenesis in colitis-associated cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 9:5752-5763. [PMID: 29464031 PMCID: PMC5814171 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. Colorectal cancer is linked to inflammation and phospholipase Cγ1 (PLCγ1) is associated with tumorigenesis and the development of colorectal cancer; however, evidence of mechanisms connecting them remains unclear. The tight junctions (TJ), as intercellular junctional complexes, have an important role for integrity of the epithelial barrier to regulate the cellular permeability. Here we found that PLCγ1 regulated colitis and tumorigenesis in intestinal epithelial cells (IEC). To induce the colitis-associated cancer (CAC), we used the AOM/DSS model. Mice were sacrificed at 100 days (DSS three cycles) and 120 days (DSS one cycle). In a CAC model, we showed that the deletion of PLCγ1 in IEC decreased the incidence of tumors by enhancing apoptosis and inhibiting proliferation during tumor development. Accordingly, the deletion of PLCγ1 in IEC reduced colitis-induced epithelial inflammation via inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators. The PLCγ1 pathway in IEC accelerated colitis-induced epithelial damage via regulation of TJ proteins. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that PLCγ1 is a critical regulator of colitis and colorectal cancer and could further help in the development of therapy for colitis-associated cancer.
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Amoozadeh Y, Dan Q, Anwer S, Huang HH, Barbieri V, Waheed F, Maishan M, Szászi K. Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Increases Claudin-1, 4, and 7 Expression in Tubular Cells: Role in Permeability Changes. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:2210-2220. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Amoozadeh
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael's Hospital; Ontario Canada
| | - Qinghong Dan
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael's Hospital; Ontario Canada
| | - Shaista Anwer
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael's Hospital; Ontario Canada
| | - Hsiao Han Huang
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael's Hospital; Ontario Canada
| | - Vanessa Barbieri
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael's Hospital; Ontario Canada
| | - Faiza Waheed
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael's Hospital; Ontario Canada
| | - Mazharul Maishan
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael's Hospital; Ontario Canada
- Department of Physiology; University of Toronto; Ontario Canada
| | - Katalin Szászi
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael's Hospital; Ontario Canada
- Department of Surgery; University of Toronto; Ontario Canada
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Wang J, Chen J, Tang Z, Li Y, Hu L, Pan J. The Effects of Copper on Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells and Claudin Via Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 174:132-141. [PMID: 27038183 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0685-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Many neurodegenerative diseases are related to copper although the effects on brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) are poorly understood. In the present study, a primary BMEC culture model was established to evaluate the effects of copper on brain microvascular endothelial cells and whether claudin-1, claudin-3, claudin-5, and claudin-12 isoforms contribute to apoptosis and intrinsic antioxidant activity. Our results showed that copper ions had dual effects on BMECs by regulating intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Copper levels between 30 and 120 μM could enhance viability and promote proliferation. On the other hand, copper cytotoxicity was a result of apoptosis indicating a redox-independent manner of cell death. Expression levels of claudins were also regulated by copper in a concentration-dependent manner. We identified four claudin isoforms (1, 3, 5, and 12) and showed that their expression levels were regulated as a group by copper. Antioxidant activity of BMECs was also copper regulated, and superoxide dismutase and catalase were the main contributors to BMEC antioxidant functions. Together, our results indicated that copper had dual effects on BMEC growth and intrinsic antioxidant activities played a crucial role in BMEC survival and tight junction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agriculture University, WuShan Road 483, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Junquan Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agriculture University, WuShan Road 483, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zhaoxin Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agriculture University, WuShan Road 483, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioproducts Development for Animal Epidemic Prevention, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhaoqing, 526238, China.
| | - Ying Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agriculture University, WuShan Road 483, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Lianmei Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agriculture University, WuShan Road 483, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jiaqiang Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agriculture University, WuShan Road 483, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510642, China
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Toxicity of antimony, copper, cobalt, manganese, titanium and zinc oxide nanoparticles for the alveolar and intestinal epithelial barrier cells in vitro. Cytotechnology 2016; 68:2363-2377. [PMID: 27761772 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-016-0032-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy metals are found naturally on Earth and exposure to them in the living environment is increasing as a consequence of human activity. The toxicity of six different metal oxide nanoparticles (NP) at different points in time was compared using resazurin assay. After incubating Caco2 and A549 cells with 100 μg/mL of Sb2O3, Mn3O4 and TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) for 24 h no toxic effects were observed while Co3O4 and ZnO NPs had moderate effects and CuO NPs were toxic below 100 μg/mL (24 h EC25 = 11 for A549 and 71 μg/mL for Caco2). The long-term monitoring (up to 9 days) of cells to NPs revealed that the toxic effects of Mn3O4 and Sb2O3 NPs remarkably increased over time. The 9 day EC50 values for Sb2O3 NPs were 22 and 48 μg/mL for A549 and Caco2 cells; and for Mn3O4 NPs were 47 and 29 μg/mL for A549 and Caco2 cells, respectively. In general, the sensitivity of the cell lines in the resazurin assay was comparable. Trans epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) measurements were performed for both cell types exposed to Co3O4, Sb2O3 and CuO NPs. In TEER assay, the Caco2 cells were more susceptible to the toxic effects of these NPs than A549 cells, where the most toxic NPs were the Sb2O3 NPs: the permeability of the Caco2 cell layer exposed to 10 μg/mL Sb2O3 NPs already increased after 24 h of exposure.
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Al-Quraishy SA, Dkhil MA, Abdel-Baki AAA, Delic D, Wunderlich F. Protective Vaccination against Blood-Stage Malaria of Plasmodium chabaudi: Differential Gene Expression in the Liver of Balb/c Mice toward the End of Crisis Phase. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1087. [PMID: 27471498 PMCID: PMC4943960 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Protective vaccination induces self-healing of otherwise fatal blood-stage malaria of Plasmodium chabaudi in female Balb/c mice. To trace processes critically involved in self-healing, the liver, an effector against blood-stage malaria, is analyzed for possible changes of its transcriptome in vaccination-protected in comparison to non-protected mice toward the end of the crisis phase. Gene expression microarray analyses reveal that vaccination does not affect constitutive expression of mRNA and lincRNA. However, malaria induces significant (p < 0.01) differences in hepatic gene and lincRNA expression in vaccination-protected vs. non-vaccinated mice toward the end of crisis phase. In vaccination-protected mice, infections induce up-regulations of 276 genes and 40 lincRNAs and down-regulations of 200 genes and 43 lincRNAs, respectively, by >3-fold as compared to the corresponding constitutive expressions. Massive up-regulations, partly by >100-fold, are found for genes as RhD, Add2, Ank1, Ermap, and Slc4a, which encode proteins of erythrocytic surface membranes, and as Gata1 and Gfi1b, which encode transcription factors involved in erythrocytic development. Also, Cldn13 previously predicted to be expressed on erythroblast surfaces is up-regulated by >200-fold, though claudins are known as main constituents of tight junctions acting as paracellular barriers between epithelial cells. Other genes are up-regulated by <100- and >10-fold, which can be subgrouped in genes encoding proteins known to be involved in mitosis, in cell cycle regulation, and in DNA repair. Our data suggest that protective vaccination enables the liver to respond to P. chabaudi infections with accelerated regeneration and extramedullary erythropoiesis during crisis, which contributes to survival of otherwise lethal blood-stage malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh A Al-Quraishy
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A Dkhil
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud UniversityRiyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan UniversityCairo, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Azeem A Abdel-Baki
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud UniversityRiyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef UniversityBeni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Denis Delic
- Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharma Biberach, Germany
| | - Frank Wunderlich
- Department of Biology, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Germany
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Pummi KP, Aho HJ, Laato MK, Peltonen JTK, Peltonen SA. Tight Junction Proteins and Perineurial Cells in Neurofibromas. J Histochem Cytochem 2016; 54:53-61. [PMID: 16087703 DOI: 10.1369/jhc.5a6671.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous neurofibromas consist of axonal processes, Schwann cells, fibroblasts, perineurial cells, mast cells, and abundant extracellular matrix. The distribution and role of perineurial cells in neurofibromas has been uncertain, partly because there has not been a specific immunohistochemical marker for perineurial cells. In this study, tight junctions (TJs) of 16 neurofibromas from 12 patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) were analyzed using electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and Western transfer analysis. Cell-cell contacts with typical ultrastructural morphology of TJs were seen between adjacent perineurial cells surrounding the small nerves and between contacting perineurial cell processes embedded in tumor stroma. Immunohistochemistry showed expression of claudin-1, claudin-3, and ZO-1 in the intercellular junctions of a subpopulation of tumor cells. Occludin was present mainly in perineurium and claudin-5 localized to the blood vessels. Double immunolabelings were used to identify the cell types expressing claudin-1. The results showed that claudin-1 positive cells were also positive for type IV collagen and epithelial membrane antigen but not for S-100 protein. This labeling pattern is consistent with perineurial cell phenotype. Using claudin-1 as a marker, our results showed that clusters of perineurial cells are distributed around the rudimentary nerves within cutaneous neurofibromas and at the periphery of some neurofibromas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kati P Pummi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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Elfers K, Marr I, Wilkens MR, Breves G, Langeheine M, Brehm R, Muscher-Banse AS. Expression of Tight Junction Proteins and Cadherin 17 in the Small Intestine of Young Goats Offered a Reduced N and/or Ca Diet. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154311. [PMID: 27120348 PMCID: PMC4847856 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diets fed to ruminants should contain nitrogen (N) as low as possible to reduce feed costs and environmental pollution. Though possessing effective N-recycling mechanisms to maintain the N supply for rumen microbial protein synthesis and hence protein supply for the host, an N reduction caused substantial changes in calcium (Ca) and phosphate homeostasis in young goats including decreased intestinal transepithelial Ca absorption as reported for monogastric species. In contrast to the transcellular component of transepithelial Ca transport, the paracellular route has not been investigated in young goats. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to characterise the effects of dietary N and/or Ca reduction on paracellular transport mechanisms in young goats. Electrophysiological properties of intestinal epithelia were investigated by Ussing chamber experiments. The expression of tight junction (TJ) and adherens junction (AJ) proteins in intestinal epithelia were examined on mRNA level by qPCR and on protein level by western blot analysis. Dietary N reduction led to a segment specific increase in tissue conductances in the proximal jejunum which might be linked to concomitantly decreased expression of cadherin 17 mRNA. Expression of occludin (OCLN) and zonula occludens protein 1 was increased in mid jejunal epithelia of N reduced fed goats on mRNA and partly on protein level. Reduced dietary Ca supply resulted in a segment specific increase in claudin 2 and claudin 12 expression and decreased the expression of OCLN which might have been mediated at least in part by calcitriol. These data show that dietary N as well as Ca reduction affected expression of TJ and AJ proteins in a segment specific manner in young goats and may thus be involved in modulation of paracellular Ca permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Elfers
- Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bischofsholer Damm 15/102, 30173, Hannover, Germany
| | - Isabell Marr
- Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bischofsholer Damm 15/102, 30173, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mirja R. Wilkens
- Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bischofsholer Damm 15/102, 30173, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gerhard Breves
- Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bischofsholer Damm 15/102, 30173, Hannover, Germany
| | - Marion Langeheine
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bischofsholer Damm 15/122, 30173, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ralph Brehm
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bischofsholer Damm 15/122, 30173, Hannover, Germany
| | - Alexandra S. Muscher-Banse
- Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bischofsholer Damm 15/102, 30173, Hannover, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Dong Y, Simske JS. Vertebrate Claudin/PMP22/EMP22/MP20 family protein TMEM47 regulates epithelial cell junction maturation and morphogenesis. Dev Dyn 2016; 245:653-66. [PMID: 26990309 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND TMEM47 is the vertebrate orthologue of C. elegans VAB-9, a tetraspan adherens junction protein in the PMP22/EMP/Claudin family of proteins. VAB-9 regulates cell morphology and adhesion in C. elegans and TMEM47 is expressed during kidney development and regulates the activity of Fyn. The conserved functions of VAB-9 and TMEM47 are not well understood. RESULTS expression of TMEM47 in C. elegans functionally rescues vab-9 mutations. Unlike Claudins, expression of TMEM47 in L fibroblasts does not generate tight junction strands; instead, membrane localization requires E-cadherin expression. Temporally, TMEM47 localizes at cell junctions first with E-cadherin before ZO-1 colocalization and in polarized epithelia, TMEM47 colocalizes with adherens junction proteins. By immunoprecipitation, TMEM47 associates with classical adherens junction proteins, but also with tight junction proteins Par6B and aPKCλ. Over-expression of TMEM47 in MDCK cells decreases apical surface area, increases activated myosin light chain at cell-cell contacts, disrupts cell polarity and morphology, delays cell junction reassembly following calcium switch, and selectively interferes with tight junction assembly. Reduced TMEM47 expression results in opposite phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS TMEM47 regulates the localization of a subset of tight junction proteins, associated actomyosin structures, cell morphology, and participates in developmental transitions from adherens to tight junctions. Developmental Dynamics 245:653-666, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Dong
- Rammelkamp Center for Education and Research, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jeffrey S Simske
- Rammelkamp Center for Education and Research, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
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Sherif LS, Raouf RKA, Sayede RME, Wakkadd ASE, Shoaib AR, Ali HM, Refay ASE. Glutathione Transferase as a Potential Marker for Gut Epithelial Injury versus the Protective Role of Breast Milk sIgA in Infants with Rota Virus Gastroenteritis. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2015; 3:676-80. [PMID: 27275307 PMCID: PMC4877907 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2015.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) plays an important protective role in the recognition and clearance of enteric pathogens. AIM: This study was designed to assess if mucosal integrity “measured by secretory IgA (SIgA)” is a protective factor from more epithelial alteration “measured by glutathione transferase” in infants with Rota gastroenteritis and its relation to infants’ feeding pattern. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This study was conducted on 79 infants aged 6 months and less from those diagnosed as having gastroenteritis and admitted to Gastroenteritis Department in Abo El Rish Pediatric Hospital, Cairo University. Plasma glutathione s-transferases and Stool SIgA were measured using ELISA technique. Rota virus detection was done by Reverse transcriptase PCR. RESULTS: SIgA was found to be significantly positive in exclusive breast fed infants, Glutathione transferase was significantly more frequently positive in Rota positive cases than Rota negative cases by Reverse transcriptase PCR. A significant negative correlation between Glutathione transferase and Secretory IgA was found, (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Breast feeding should be encouraged and highly recommended in the first two years of life as it provides Secretory IgA to breast fed infants who in turn protect them against epithelial damage caused by Rota viral gastroenteritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lobna S Sherif
- National Research Centre, Department of Child Health, Giza, Egypt
| | - Randaa K Abdel Raouf
- Institute of Postgraduate Childhood Studies - Department of Medical Studies, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | | - Ashraf R Shoaib
- National Research Centre, Department of Virology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hanan M Ali
- National Research Centre, Department of Cell Biology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Amira S El Refay
- National Research Centre, Department of Child Health, Giza, Egypt
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