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Meier C, Eastell R, Pierroz DD, Lane NE, Al-Daghri N, Suzuki A, Napoli N, Mithal A, Chakhtoura M, Fuleihan GEH, Ferrari S. Biochemical Markers of Bone Fragility in Patients with Diabetes. A Narrative Review by the IOF and the ECTS. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:dgad255. [PMID: 37155585 PMCID: PMC10505554 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The risk of fragility fractures is increased in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Numerous biochemical markers reflecting bone and/or glucose metabolism have been evaluated in this context. This review summarizes current data on biochemical markers in relation to bone fragility and fracture risk in diabetes. METHODS Literature review by a group of experts from the International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF) and European Calcified Tissue Society (ECTS) focusing on biochemical markers, diabetes, diabetes treatments and bone in adults. RESULTS Although bone resorption and bone formation markers are low and poorly predictive of fracture risk in diabetes, osteoporosis drugs seem to change bone turnover markers in diabetics similarly to non-diabetics, with similar reductions in fracture risk. Several other biochemical markers related to bone and glucose metabolism have been correlated with BMD and/or fracture risk in diabetes, including osteocyte-related markers such as sclerostin, HbA1c and advanced glycation end products (AGEs), inflammatory markers and adipokines, as well as IGF-1 and calciotropic hormones. CONCLUSION Several biochemical markers and hormonal levels related to bone and/or glucose metabolism have been associated with skeletal parameters in diabetes. Currently, only HbA1c levels seem to provide a reliable estimate of fracture risk, while bone turnover markers could be used to monitor the effects of anti-osteoporosis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Meier
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Richard Eastell
- Academic Unit of Bone Metabolism, Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, University of Sheffield, S57AU Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Nancy E Lane
- Department of Medicine and Rheumatology, Davis School of Medicine, University of California, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Nasser Al-Daghri
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atsushi Suzuki
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Nicola Napoli
- Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Ambrish Mithal
- Institute of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Max Healthcare, Saket, New Delhi 110017, India
| | - Marlene Chakhtoura
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Calcium Metabolism and Osteoporosis Program, WHO Collaborating Center for Metabolic Bone Disorders, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Riad El Solh, Beirut 6044, Lebanon
| | - Ghada El-Hajj Fuleihan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Calcium Metabolism and Osteoporosis Program, WHO Collaborating Center for Metabolic Bone Disorders, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Riad El Solh, Beirut 6044, Lebanon
| | - Serge Ferrari
- Service and Laboratory of Bone Diseases, Geneva University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
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Ning K, Wang Z, Zhang XA. Exercise-induced modulation of myokine irisin in bone and cartilage tissue—Positive effects on osteoarthritis: A narrative review. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:934406. [PMID: 36062149 PMCID: PMC9439853 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.934406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a chronic degenerative musculoskeletal disease characterized by pathological changes in joint structures along with the incidence of which increases with age. Exercise is recommended for all clinical treatment guidelines of osteoarthritis, but the exact molecular mechanisms are still unknown. Irisin is a newly discovered myokine released mainly by skeletal muscle in recent years—a biologically active protein capable of being released into the bloodstream as an endocrine factor, the synthesis and secretion of which is specifically induced by exercise-induced muscle contraction. Although the discovery of irisin is relatively recent, its role in affecting bone density and cartilage homeostasis has been reported. Here, we review the production and structural characteristics of irisin and discuss the effects of the different types of exercise involved in the current study on irisin and the role of irisin in anti-aging. In addition, the role of irisin in the regulation of bone mineral density, bone metabolism, and its role in chondrocyte homeostasis and metabolism is reviewed. A series of studies on irisin have provided new insights into the mechanisms of exercise training in improving bone density, resisting cartilage degeneration, and maintaining the overall environmental homeostasis of the joint. These studies further contribute to the understanding of the role of exercise in the fight against osteoarthritis and will provide an important reference and aid in the development of the field of osteoarthritis prevention and treatment.
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López-Bermudo L, Luque-Sierra A, Maya-Miles D, Gallego-Durán R, Ampuero J, Romero-Gómez M, Berná G, Martín F. Contribution of Liver and Pancreatic Islet Crosstalk to β-Cell Function/Dysfunction in the Presence of Fatty Liver. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:892672. [PMID: 35651973 PMCID: PMC9148952 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.892672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-to-tissue crosstalk regulates organ function, according to growing data. This phenomenon is relevant for pancreatic β-cells and the liver, as both tissues are involved in glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism. The ability to fine-tune regulation and adaptive responses is enabled through communication between pancreatic β-cells and the liver. However, the crosstalk between both tissues changes when metabolic dysregulation is present. Factors and cargo from extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by liver and pancreatic β-cells that reach the circulation form the words of this interaction. The molecules released by the liver are called hepatokines and are usually secreted in response to the metabolic state. When hepatokines reach the pancreatic islets several mechanisms are initiated for their protection or damage. In the case of the crosstalk between pancreatic β-cells and the liver, only one factor has been found to date. This protein, pancreatic derived factor (PANDER) has been proposed as a novel linker between insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and could be considered a biomarker for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and T2D. Furthermore, the cargo released by EVs, mainly miRNAs, plays a significant role in this crosstalk. A better knowledge of the crosstalk between liver and pancreatic β-cells is essential to understand both diseases and it could lead to better prevention and new therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía López-Bermudo
- Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), University Pablo Olavide, University of Seville, CSIC, Seville, Spain
- Biomedical Research Network on Diabetes and Related Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Amparo Luque-Sierra
- Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), University Pablo Olavide, University of Seville, CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Douglas Maya-Miles
- Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío de Sevilla, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- Biomedical Research Network on Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Gallego-Durán
- Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío de Sevilla, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- Biomedical Research Network on Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Ampuero
- Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío de Sevilla, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- Biomedical Research Network on Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Romero-Gómez
- Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío de Sevilla, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- Biomedical Research Network on Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Genoveva Berná
- Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), University Pablo Olavide, University of Seville, CSIC, Seville, Spain
- Biomedical Research Network on Diabetes and Related Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Franz Martín, ; Genoveva Berná,
| | - Franz Martín
- Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), University Pablo Olavide, University of Seville, CSIC, Seville, Spain
- Biomedical Research Network on Diabetes and Related Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Franz Martín, ; Genoveva Berná,
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Langlois A, Dumond A, Vion J, Pinget M, Bouzakri K. Crosstalk Communications Between Islets Cells and Insulin Target Tissue: The Hidden Face of Iceberg. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:836344. [PMID: 35185804 PMCID: PMC8851682 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.836344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of insulin secretion is under control of a complex inter-organ/cells crosstalk involving various metabolites and/or physical connections. In this review, we try to illustrate with current knowledge how β-cells communicate with other cell types and organs in physiological and pathological contexts. Moreover, this review will provide a better understanding of the microenvironment and of the context in which β-cells exist and how this can influence their survival and function. Recent studies showed that β-cell insulin secretion is regulated also by a direct and indirect inter-organ/inter-cellular communication involving various factors, illustrating the idea of "the hidden face of the iceberg". Moreover, any disruption on the physiological communication between β-cells and other cells or organs can participate on diabetes onset. Therefore, for new anti-diabetic treatments' development, it is necessary to consider the entire network of cells and organs involved in the regulation of β-cellular function and no longer just β-cell or pancreatic islet alone. In this context, we discuss here the intra-islet communication, the β-cell/skeletal muscle, β-cell/adipose tissue and β-cell/liver cross talk.
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5
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Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a proinflammatory pathology that leads to the specific destruction of insulin producing β-cells and hyperglycaemia. Much of the knowledge about type 1 diabetes (T1D) has focused on mechanisms of disease progression such as adaptive immune cells and the cytokines that control their function, whereas mechanisms linked with the initiation of the disease remain unknown. It has been hypothesized that in addition to genetics, environmental factors play a pivotal role in triggering β-cell autoimmunity. The BioBreeding Diabetes Resistant (BBDR) and LEW1.WR1 rats have been used to decipher the mechanisms that lead to virus-induced T1D. Both animals develop β-cell inflammation and hyperglycemia upon infection with the parvovirus Kilham Rat Virus (KRV). Our earlier in vitro and in vivo studies indicated that KRV-induced innate immune upregulation early in the disease course plays a causal role in triggering β-cell inflammation and destruction. Furthermore, we recently found for the first time that infection with KRV induces inflammation in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) detectable as early as day 1 post-infection prior to insulitis and hyperglycemia. The proinflammatory response in VAT is associated with macrophage recruitment, proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine upregulation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and oxidative stress responses, apoptosis, and downregulation of adipokines and molecules that mediate insulin signaling. Downregulation of inflammation suppresses VAT inflammation and T1D development. These observations are strikingly reminiscent of data from obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in which VAT inflammation is believed to play a causal role in disease mechanisms. We propose that VAT inflammation and dysfunction may be linked with the mechanism of T1D progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Zipris
- Innate Biotechnologies LLC, Denver, CO, United States
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6
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Kamal MM, Adel A, Sayed GH, Ragab S, Kassem DH. New emerging roles of the novel hepatokine SERPINB1 in type 2 diabetes mellitus: Crosstalk with β-cell dysfunction and dyslipidemia. Transl Res 2021; 231:1-12. [PMID: 33326860 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a devastating metabolic disease. Recently, the cross-talk between insulin-secreting-β-cells and various organs has sparked much interest. SerpinB1 emerged as a novel hepatokine inducing β-cell proliferation. However, its role in type-2-DM (T2DM) patients has not been adequately studied. This study was designed to investigate its circulating levels in subjects with/without T2DM, and to study its association with β-cell function, as well as various glycemic-control and lipid-profile parameters. Anthropometric data and biochemical markers including fasting plasma glucose (FPG), HbA1C % and lipid profile parameters were measured in 55 T2DM patients, as well as 30 healthy nondiabetic subjects. Serum serpinB1, insulin and C-peptide levels were measured by ELISA. The homeostasis model assessment of both β-cell function (HOMA2-β%) and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were calculated. SerpinB1 levels were found to be significantly lower in T2DM patients 0.7 (0.2-12.4) ng/mL, compared to nondiabetic subjects 1.2 (0.94-24) ng/mL, P < 0.001, regardless of glycemic control, obesity, or insulin resistance. Additionally, serpinB1 levels were found to be positively associated with C-peptide, HOMA2-β% in all subjects; and BMI only in non-DM subjects; while negatively associated with FPG, HbA1C% and lipid-profile parameters. Higher serum serpinB1 levels were found to be associated with lower susceptibility for T2DM. Conclusively, serpinB1 is associated with various aspects of β-cell dysfunction, glycemic-control, and dyslipidemia with a possible role in β-cell compensation in obese nondiabetic subjects. The results of the current study shed lights on potential novel roles of serpinB1 in T2DM besides its action as an inducer for β-cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Mostafa Kamal
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt; The Center for Drug Research and Development (CDRD), Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aya Adel
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt; The Center for Drug Research and Development (CDRD), Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghada Hussein Sayed
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, National Institute of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shadia Ragab
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Medical Division, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dina Hamada Kassem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
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7
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Gao R, Fu Q, Jiang HM, Shen M, Zhao RL, Qian Y, He YQ, Xu KF, Xu XY, Chen H, Zhang Q, Yang T. Temporal metabolic and transcriptomic characteristics crossing islets and liver reveal dynamic pathophysiology in diet-induced diabetes. iScience 2021; 24:102265. [PMID: 33817571 PMCID: PMC8008187 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying islet dysfunction and insulin resistance in diet-induced diabetes, we conducted temporal RNA sequencing of tissues responsible for insulin secretion (islets) and action (liver) every 4 weeks in mice on high-fat (HFD) or chow diet for 24 weeks, linking to longitudinal profile of metabolic characteristics. The diverse responses of α, β, and δ cells to glucose and palmitate indicated HFD-induced dynamic deterioration of islet function from dysregulation to failure. Insulin resistance developed with variable time course in different tissues. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis implicated islets and liver jointly programmed β-cell compensatory adaption via cell proliferation at early phase and irreversible islet dysfunction by inappropriate immune response at later stage, and identified interconnected molecules including growth differentiation factor 15. Frequencies of T cell subpopulation showed an early decrement in Tregs followed by increases in Th1 and Th17 cells during progression to diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Gao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China.,Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX37LE, UK
| | - Qi Fu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - He-Min Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Min Shen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Rui-Ling Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yu Qian
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yun-Qiang He
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Kuan-Feng Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Xin-Yu Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Heng Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Quan Zhang
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX37LE, UK
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
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Al-Mrabeh A. β-Cell Dysfunction, Hepatic Lipid Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Health in Type 2 Diabetes: New Directions of Research and Novel Therapeutic Strategies. Biomedicines 2021; 9:226. [PMID: 33672162 PMCID: PMC7927138 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a major problem for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and dyslipidemia is one of the main drivers for both metabolic diseases. In this review, the major pathophysiological and molecular mechanisms of β-cell dysfunction and recovery in T2DM are discussed in the context of abnormal hepatic lipid metabolism and cardiovascular health. (i) In normal health, continuous exposure of the pancreas to nutrient stimulus increases the demand on β-cells. In the long term, this will not only stress β-cells and decrease their insulin secretory capacity, but also will blunt the cellular response to insulin. (ii) At the pre-diabetes stage, β-cells compensate for insulin resistance through hypersecretion of insulin. This increases the metabolic burden on the stressed β-cells and changes hepatic lipoprotein metabolism and adipose tissue function. (iii) If this lipotoxic hyperinsulinemic environment is not removed, β-cells start to lose function, and CVD risk rises due to lower lipoprotein clearance. (iv) Once developed, T2DM can be reversed by weight loss, a process described recently as remission. However, the precise mechanism(s) by which calorie restriction causes normalization of lipoprotein metabolism and restores β-cell function are not fully established. Understanding the pathophysiological and molecular basis of β-cell failure and recovery during remission is critical to reduce β-cell burden and loss of function. The aim of this review is to highlight the link between lipoprotein export and lipid-driven β-cell dysfunction in T2DM and how this is related to cardiovascular health. A second aim is to understand the mechanisms of β-cell recovery after weight loss, and to explore new areas of research for developing more targeted future therapies to prevent T2DM and the associated CVD events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Al-Mrabeh
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Magnetic Resonance Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
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9
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Abstract
The endocrine cells confined in the islets of Langerhans are responsible for the maintenance of blood glucose homeostasis. In particular, beta cells produce and secrete insulin, an essential hormone regulating glucose uptake and metabolism. An insufficient amount of beta cells or defects in the molecular mechanisms leading to glucose-induced insulin secretion trigger the development of diabetes, a severe disease with epidemic spreading throughout the world. A comprehensive appreciation of the diverse adaptive procedures regulating beta cell mass and function is thus of paramount importance for the understanding of diabetes pathogenesis and for the development of effective therapeutic strategies. While significant findings were obtained by the use of islets isolated from the pancreas, in vitro studies are inherently limited since they lack the many factors influencing pancreatic islet cell function in vivo and do not allow for longitudinal monitoring of islet cell plasticity in the living organism. In this respect a number of imaging methodologies have been developed over the years for the study of islets in situ in the pancreas, a challenging task due to the relatively small size of the islets and their location, scattered throughout the organ. To increase imaging resolution and allow for longitudinal studies in individual islets, another strategy is based on the transplantation of islets into other sites that are more accessible for imaging. In this review we present the anterior chamber of the eye as a transplantation and imaging site for the study of pancreatic islet cell plasticity, and summarize the major research outcomes facilitated by this technological platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwin Ilegems
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Erwin Ilegems, ; Per-Olof Berggren,
| | - Per-Olof Berggren
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Diabetes Research Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolism Research, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Erwin Ilegems, ; Per-Olof Berggren,
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Oyebode O, Zuma L, Lucky Erukainure O, Koorbanally N, Islam MS. Bridelia ferruginea inhibits key carbohydrate digesting enzyme and intestinal glucose absorption and modulates glucose metabolism in diabetic rats. Arch Physiol Biochem 2020; 129:671-681. [PMID: 33370536 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1861026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The antidiabetic potentials of the dichloromethene, ethyl acetate, butanol and aqueous fractions of Bridelia ferruginea leaves were investigated using in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo models. In vitro and ex vivo antidiabetic activities revealed the butanol (BFBF) to be the most active of the fractions, and thus selected for in vivo study. Diabetes was induced using the fructose-streptozotocin model. Treatments with BFBF significantly reduced blood glucose level and improved glucose tolerance, serum insulin level and sensitivity as well as suppressed hyperlipidaemia and serum nephropathy markers. Histopathological analysis revealed the ability of BFBF to protect and regenerate pancreatic β-cells. BFBF significantly elevated glutathione level, catalase and superoxide dismutase activities, while depleting MDA level in serums and kidney of diabetic rats. Phenols, steroids, terpenoids, aliphatic and aromatic compounds were identified in the fractions following GC-MS analysis. Overall, results from this study propose that BFBF possess potent antidiabetic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olajumoke Oyebode
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, South Africa
| | - Lindiwe Zuma
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Ochuko Lucky Erukainure
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Neil Koorbanally
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Md Shahidul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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11
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Cruz AF, Rohban R, Esni F. Macrophages in the pancreas: Villains by circumstances, not necessarily by actions. Immun Inflamm Dis 2020; 8:807-824. [PMID: 32885589 PMCID: PMC7654401 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Mounting evidence suggest that macrophages play crucial roles in disease and tissue regeneration. However, despite much efforts during the past decade, our knowledge about the extent of macrophages' contribution to adult pancreatic regeneration after injury or during pancreatic disease progression is still limited. Nevertheless, it is generally accepted that some macrophage features that normally would contribute to healing and regeneration may be detrimental in pancreatic cancer. Altogether, the current literature contains conflicting reports on whether macrophages act as friends or foe in these conditions. Methods and Results In this review, we briefly review the origins of tissue resident and infiltrating macrophages and the importance of cellular crosstalking between macrophages and other resident cells in tissue regeneration. The primary objective of this review is to summarize our knowledge of the distinct roles of tissue resident and infiltrating macrophages, the impact of M1 and M2 macrophage phenotypes, and emerging evidence on macrophage crosstalking in pancreatic injury, regeneration, and disease. Conclusion Macrophages are involved with various stages of pancreatic cancer development, pancreatitis, and diabetes. Elucidating their role in these conditions will aid the development of targeted therapeutic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea F Cruz
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Rokhsareh Rohban
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Farzad Esni
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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12
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Ryu KY, Jeon EJ, Leem J, Park JH, Cho H. Regulation of Adipsin Expression by Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Adipocytes. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10020314. [PMID: 32079203 PMCID: PMC7072197 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adpsin is an adipokine that stimulates insulin secretion from β-cells and improves glucose tolerance. Its expression has been found to be markedly reduced in obese animals. However, it remains unclear what factors lead to downregulation of adipsin in the context of obesity. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response is activated in various tissues under obesity-related conditions and can induce transcriptional reprogramming. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the relationship between adipsin expression and ER stress in adipose tissues during obesity. We observed that obese mice exhibited decreased levels of adipsin in adipose tissues and serum and increased ER stress markers in adipose tissues compared to lean mice. We also found that ER stress suppressed adipsin expression via adipocytes-intrinsic mechanisms. Moreover, the ER stress-mediated downregulation of adipsin was at least partially attributed to decreased expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), a key transcription factor in the regulation of adipocyte function. Finally, treatment with chemical chaperones recovered the ER stress-mediated downregulation of adipsin and PPARγ in vivo and in vitro. Our findings suggest that activated ER stress in adipose tissues is an important cause of the suppression of adipsin expression in the context of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka-Young Ryu
- Department of Physiology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 42601, Korea;
| | - Eon Ju Jeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 42472, Korea;
| | - Jaechan Leem
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 42472, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (J.-H.P.)
| | - Jae-Hyung Park
- Department of Physiology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 42601, Korea;
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (J.-H.P.)
| | - Hochan Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 42601, Korea;
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Kassem DH, Adel A, Sayed GH, Kamal MM. A Novel SERPINB1 Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism Associated With Glycemic Control and β-Cell Function in Egyptian Type 2 Diabetic Patients. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:450. [PMID: 32903749 PMCID: PMC7438810 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims: Serine protease inhibitor B1 (SerpinB1) is a neutrophil elastase inhibitor that has been proved to be associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus and pancreatic β-cell proliferation. In this study, we investigated 2 SERPINB1 SNPs, rs114597282 and rs15286, regarding their association with diabetes risk and various anthropometric and biochemical parameters in Egyptian type 2 diabetic patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 160 subjects (62 control and 98 type 2 diabetic patients) participated in this study. Various anthropometric and biochemical parameters were assessed. Genotyping assay for the two SNPs was done using TaqMan genotyping assays. The association of rs15286 variants with risk of diabetes, various biochemical parameters, and glycemic control in diabetic patients was assessed. Results: All genotyped subjects were found to be homozygous TT for SERPINB1 rs114597282. All genotype variants of SERPINB1 rs15286 were found in our Egyptian subjects with A being the minor allele. The SNP rs15286 was not found to be associated with risk of diabetes. The AA genotype was found to be associated with lower fasting plasma glucose, lower HbA1c%, and better β-cell function and glycemic control in diabetic patients. The G allele was associated with poor glycemic control. Conclusions: The genotypes AA, AG, and GG of SERPINB1 gene SNP rs15286 are all represented in the studied sample; however, it is not associated with risk of diabetes. Genotype AA of SNP rs15286 is associated with better glycemic control and better β-cell function in diabetic patients, while the G allele potentially represents the "risk allele" of poor glycemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina H. Kassem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aya Adel
- Pharmacology and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
- The Center for Drug Research and Development (CDRD), Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghada H. Sayed
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, National Institute of Diabetes & Endocrinology, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M. Kamal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
- Pharmacology and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
- The Center for Drug Research and Development (CDRD), Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Mohamed M. Kamal
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Lima-Cabello E, Alché JD, Morales-Santana S, Clemente A, Jimenez-Lopez JC. Narrow-Leafed Lupin ( Lupinus angustifolius L.) Seeds Gamma-Conglutin is an Anti-Inflammatory Protein Promoting Insulin Resistance Improvement and Oxidative Stress Amelioration in PANC-1 Pancreatic Cell-Line. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 9:E12. [PMID: 31877933 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Inflammation molecular cues and insulin resistance development are some of the main contributors for the development and advance of the pathogenesis of inflammatory-related diseases; (2) Methods: We isolated and purified γ-conglutin protein from narrow-leafed lupin (NLL or blue lupin) mature seeds using affinity-chromatography to evaluate its anti-inflammatory activities at molecular level using both, a bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation and an insulin resistance pancreatic cell models; (3) Results: NLL γ-conglutin achieved a plethora of functional effects as the strong reduction of cell oxidative stress induced by inflammation through decreasing proteins carbonylation, nitric oxide synthesis and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) transcriptional levels, and raising glutathione (GSH) levels and modulation of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase enzymes activities. γ-conglutin induced up-regulated transcriptomic and protein levels of insulin signalling pathway IRS-1, Glut-4, and PI3K, improving glucose uptake, while decreasing pro-inflammatory mediators as iNOs, TNFα, IL-1β, INFγ, IL-6, IL-12, IL-17, and IL-27; (4) Conclusion: These results suggest a promising use of NLL γ-conglutin protein in functional foods, which could also be implemented in alternative diagnosis and therapeutic molecular tools helping to prevent and treat inflammatory-related diseases.
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Armutcu F. Organ crosstalk: the potent roles of inflammation and fibrotic changes in the course of organ interactions. Inflamm Res 2019; 68:825-39. [PMID: 31327029 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-019-01271-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Organ crosstalk can be defined as the complex and mutual biological communication between distant organs mediated by signaling factors. Normally, crosstalk helps to coordinate and maintain homeostasis, but sudden or chronic dysfunction in any organ causes dysregulation in another organ. Many signal molecules, including cytokines and growth factors, are involved in the metabolic dysregulation, and excessive or inappropriate release of these molecules leads to organ dysfunction or disease (e.g., obesity, type 2 diabetes). AIM AND METHOD The aim of this review is to reveal the impact of organ crosstalk on the pathogenesis of diseases associated with organ interactions and the role of inflammatory and fibrotic changes in the organ dysfunction. After searching in MEDLINE, PubMed and Google Scholar databases using 'organ crosstalk' as a keyword, studies related to organ crosstalk and organ interaction were compiled and examined. CONCLUSION The organ crosstalk and the functional integration of organ systems are exceedingly complex processes. Organ crosstalk contributes to metabolic homeostasis and affects the inflammatory response, related pathways and fibrotic changes. As in the case of interactions between adipose tissue and intestine, stimulation of inflammatory mechanisms plays an active role in the development of diseases including insulin resistance, obesity, type 2 diabetes and hepatic steatosis. The increased level of knowledge about the 'crosstalk' between any organ and distant organs will facilitate the early diagnosis of the disease as well as the management of the treatment practices in the short- and long-term organ dysfunction.
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Marthandam Asokan S, Wang T, Su WT, Lin WT. Antidiabetic Effects of a Short Peptide of Potato Protein Hydrolysate in STZ-Induced Diabetic Mice. Nutrients 2019; 11:E779. [PMID: 30987324 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcalase- generated potato protein hydrolysate (APPH) is a potential bioactive peptide against diabetes mellitus (DM) and DM-associated secondary effects in animal models. The aim of the present study was to find the efficiency of a deca-peptide DIKTNKPVIF (DF) from APPH against DM. Six-week-old male ICR mice were divided into the following groups: Control, Control+DF (received 50 mg/kg DF), streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DM group, DM+Acarbose group (20 mg/kg of acarbose), DM+DF-L (25 mg/kg of DF), DM+DF-H (50 mg/kg of DF), and DM+APPH (50 mg/kg of APPH). Comparable to APPH, treatment with DF effectively regulated blood glucose level and also controlled plasma total glycerol (TG), total cholesterol (TC), insulin, and HbA1c levels in DM animals. DF treatment also showed evidence of ameliorating DM-associated damages in the pancreatic islets and in the liver, heart, and kidney tissues. Therefore, the results demonstrate that the short synthetic peptide-DF may effectively provide protection against DM-associated damages.
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Bou Karam J, Cai W, Mohamed R, Huang T, Meng L, Homan EP, Dirice E, Kahn CR, El Ouaamari A. TRPV1 neurons regulate β-cell function in a sex-dependent manner. Mol Metab 2018; 18:60-67. [PMID: 30473098 PMCID: PMC6308974 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is emerging evidence to support an important role for the transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) sensory innervation in glucose homeostasis. However, it remains unknown whether the glucoregulatory action of these afferent neurons is sex-biased and whether it is pancreatic β-cell-mediated. OBJECTIVE We investigated in male and female mice whether denervation of whole-body or pancreas-projecting TRPV1 sensory neurons regulates adult functional β-cell mass and alters systemic glucose homeostasis. METHODS We used a combination of pharmacological and surgical approaches to ablate whole-body or pancreatic TRPV1 sensory neurons and assessed islet β-cell function and mass, aspects of glucose and insulin homeostasis, and energy expenditure. RESULTS Capsaicin-induced chemodenervation of whole-body TRPV1 sensory neurons improved glucose clearance and enhanced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion without alterations in β-cell proliferation and mass, systemic insulin sensitivity, body composition, and energy expenditure. Similarly, denervation of intrapancreatic TRPV1 afferents by pancreas intraductal injection of capsaicin or surgical removal of the dorsal root ganglia projecting into the pancreas lowered post-absorptive glucose levels and increased insulin release upon glucose stimulation. The beneficial effects of TRPV1 sensory denervation on glucose tolerance and β-cell function were observed in male but not female mice. CONCLUSION Collectively, these findings suggest that TRPV1 neurons regulate glucose homeostasis, at least partly, through direct modulation of glucose-induced insulin secretion and that this regulation operates in a sex-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joey Bou Karam
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; The Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Weikang Cai
- Section in Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rowaida Mohamed
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; The Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Tianwen Huang
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lingqiong Meng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; The Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Erica Paige Homan
- Section in Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ercument Dirice
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C Ronald Kahn
- Section in Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Abdelfattah El Ouaamari
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; The Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
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Mabhida SE, Dludla PV, Johnson R, Ndlovu M, Louw J, Opoku AR, Mosa RA. Protective effect of triterpenes against diabetes-induced β-cell damage: An overview of in vitro and in vivo studies. Pharmacol Res 2018; 137:179-192. [PMID: 30315968 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Accumulative evidence shows that chronic hyperglycaemia is a major factor implicated in the development of pancreatic β-cell dysfunction in diabetic patients. Furthermore, most of these patients display impaired insulin signalling that is responsible for accelerated pancreatic β-cell damage. Indeed, prominent pathways involved in glucose metabolism such as phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/ protein kinase B (PI3-K/AKT) and 5' AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) are impaired in an insulin resistant state. The impairment of this pathway is associated with over production of reactive oxygen species and pro-inflammatory factors that supersede pancreatic β-cell damage. Although several antidiabetic drugs can improve β-cell function by modulating key regulators such as PI3-K/AKT and AMPK, evidence of their β-cell regenerative and protective effect is scanty. As a result, there has been continued exploration of novel antidiabetic therapeutics with abundant antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties that are essential in protecting against β-cell damage. Such therapies include triterpenes, which have displayed robust effects to improve glycaemic tolerance, insulin secretion, and pancreatic β-cell function. This review summarises most relevant effects of various triterpenes on improving pancreatic β-cell function in both in vitro and in vivo experimental models. A special focus falls on studies reporting on the ameliorative properties of these compounds against insulin resistance, oxidative stress and inflammation, the well-known factors involved in hyperglycaemia associated tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihle E Mabhida
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, 3886, South Africa; Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa.
| | - Phiwayinkosi V Dludla
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, 60121, Italy; Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa
| | - Rabia Johnson
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa; Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Musawenkosi Ndlovu
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, 3886, South Africa
| | - Johan Louw
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, 3886, South Africa; Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa
| | - Andy R Opoku
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, 3886, South Africa
| | - Rebamang A Mosa
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, 3886, South Africa
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Ribeiro RA, Bonfleur ML, Batista TM, Borck PC, Carneiro EM. Regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism by the pancreatic and extra-pancreatic actions of taurine. Amino Acids 2018; 50:1511-1524. [PMID: 30206707 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-018-2650-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The beneficial actions of L-taurine (Tau) against glucose intolerance, obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and non-alcoholic fat liver disease (NAFLD) have been linked to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, which ameliorate tissue insulin sensitivity. Importantly, there are several lines of evidence that indicate a direct action of Tau on the endocrine pancreas to regulate the secretion and paracrine actions of insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin. Furthermore, Tau can also ameliorate glucose metabolism through the enhancement of insulin signaling. However, some of the benefits of Tau upon intermediary metabolism may manifest via considerable antagonism of the action of insulin. Therefore, this review discusses the mechanisms of action by which Tau may regulate endocrine pancreatic morphofunction, and glucose and lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosane A Ribeiro
- NUPEM, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Campus UFRJ-Macaé, Avenida São José do Barreto, 764, Macaé, RJ, CEP: 27965-045, Brazil.
| | - Maria L Bonfleur
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE), Cascavel, PR, Brazil
| | - Thiago M Batista
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Patricia C Borck
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Everardo M Carneiro
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Liu M, Weiss MA, Arunagiri A, Yong J, Rege N, Sun J, Haataja L, Kaufman RJ, Arvan P. Biosynthesis, structure, and folding of the insulin precursor protein. Diabetes Obes Metab 2018; 20 Suppl 2:28-50. [PMID: 30230185 PMCID: PMC6463291 DOI: 10.1111/dom.13378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Insulin synthesis in pancreatic β-cells is initiated as preproinsulin. Prevailing glucose concentrations, which oscillate pre- and postprandially, exert major dynamic variation in preproinsulin biosynthesis. Accompanying upregulated translation of the insulin precursor includes elements of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) translocation apparatus linked to successful orientation of the signal peptide, translocation and signal peptide cleavage of preproinsulin-all of which are necessary to initiate the pathway of proper proinsulin folding. Evolutionary pressures on the primary structure of proinsulin itself have preserved the efficiency of folding ("foldability"), and remarkably, these evolutionary pressures are distinct from those protecting the ultimate biological activity of insulin. Proinsulin foldability is manifest in the ER, in which the local environment is designed to assist in the overall load of proinsulin folding and to favour its disulphide bond formation (while limiting misfolding), all of which is closely tuned to ER stress response pathways that have complex (beneficial, as well as potentially damaging) effects on pancreatic β-cells. Proinsulin misfolding may occur as a consequence of exuberant proinsulin biosynthetic load in the ER, proinsulin coding sequence mutations, or genetic predispositions that lead to an altered ER folding environment. Proinsulin misfolding is a phenotype that is very much linked to deficient insulin production and diabetes, as is seen in a variety of contexts: rodent models bearing proinsulin-misfolding mutants, human patients with Mutant INS-gene-induced Diabetes of Youth (MIDY), animal models and human patients bearing mutations in critical ER resident proteins, and, quite possibly, in more common variety type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China 300052
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor 48105 MI USA
| | - Michael A. Weiss
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis 46202 IN USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Case-Western Reserve University, Cleveland 44016 OH USA
| | - Anoop Arunagiri
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor 48105 MI USA
| | - Jing Yong
- Degenerative Diseases Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92307 USA
| | - Nischay Rege
- Department of Biochemistry, Case-Western Reserve University, Cleveland 44016 OH USA
| | - Jinhong Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China 300052
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor 48105 MI USA
| | - Leena Haataja
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor 48105 MI USA
| | - Randal J. Kaufman
- Degenerative Diseases Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92307 USA
| | - Peter Arvan
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor 48105 MI USA
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Lima-Cabello E, Morales-Santana S, Foley RC, Melser S, Alché V, Siddique KH, Singh KB, Alché JD, Jimenez-Lopez JC. Ex vivo and in vitro assessment of anti-inflammatory activity of seed β-conglutin proteins from Lupinus angustifolius. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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El-Shemi AG, Kensara OA, Alsaegh A, Mukhtar MH. Pharmacotherapy with Thymoquinone Improved Pancreatic β-Cell Integrity and Functional Activity, Enhanced Islets Revascularization, and Alleviated Metabolic and Hepato-Renal Disturbances in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes in Rats. Pharmacology 2017; 101:9-21. [DOI: 10.1159/000480018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Aims: This study is aimed at evaluating the antidiabetic effects of thymoquinone (TQ) on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes in rats, and exploring the possible underlying mechanisms. Methods: Diabetes was induced in adult male Wistar rats by intraperitoneal injection of freshly prepared STZ (65 mg/kg). After disease induction, 42 rats were equally assigned to: controls, STZ-diabetic group, and STZ-diabetic group treated with oral TQ (35 mg/kg/day) for 5 weeks. Fasting blood glucose levels were determined weekly, and the animals were euthanized at day 38 post-STZ injection. Blood samples were assessed for glucose-insulin homeostasis parameters (plasma glucose, glycated hemoglobin, serum insulin, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, and insulin sensitivity index) and lipid profile. Resected pancreases were subjected to histological examination and immunohistochemical or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay assessment to determine the pancreatic expression of insulin sensitizing β-cells, anti-apoptotic protein “survivin,” apoptosis-inducer “caspase-3,” prototypic angiogenic factors (vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF] and endothelial cluster of differentiation 31 [CD31]), pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1beta [IL-1β] and interleukin-10 [IL-10], respectively), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), total glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). The hepato-renal statuses were assessed biochemically and histologically. Results: Therapy with TQ markedly improved the integrity of pancreatic islets, glucose-insulin homeostasis-related parameters, lipid profile parameters, and hepato-renal functional and histomorphological statuses that collectively were severely deteriorated in untreated diabetic group. Mechanistically, TQ therapy efficiently increased insulin producing β-cells, upregulated survivin, VEGF, CD31, IL-10, GSH and SOD, and downregulated caspase-3, IL-1β, and TBARSs in the pancreatic tissues of STZ-diabetic rats. Conclusions: These findings prove the anti-diabetic potential of TQ and its efficacy in regenerating pancreatic β-cells and ameliorating pancreatic inflammation and oxidative stress, and highlight its novelty in repressing apoptosis of β-cells and enhancing islet revascularization in STZ-diabetic rats. Further studies are required to support these findings and realize their possible clinical significance.
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