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Li ZL, Ma AX, Liu JQ, Wang K, Zhu BC, Pang DW, Kong DM. A translocation fluorescent probe for analyzing cellular physiological parameters in neurological disease models. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:4398-4408. [PMID: 38651348 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00557k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Neurological disorders are closely linked to the alterations in cell membrane permeability (CMP) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Changes in CMP and MMP may lead to damage and death of nerve cells, thus triggering the onset and progression of neurological diseases. Therefore, monitoring the changes of these two physiological parameters not only benefits the accurate assessment of nerve cell health status, but also enables providing key information for the diagnosis and treatment of neurological diseases. However, the simultaneous monitoring of these two cellular physiological parameters is still challenging. Herein, we design and synthesize two quinolinium-carbazole-derivated fluorescent probes (OQ and PQ). As isomers, the only difference in their chemical structures is the linking position of the carbazole unit in quinoline rings. Strikingly, such a subtle difference endows OQ and PQ with significantly different organelle-staining behaviors. PQ mainly targets at the nucleus, OQ can simultaneously stain cell membranes and mitochondria in normal cells, and performs CMP and MMP-dependent translocation from the cell membrane to mitochondria then to the nucleus, thus holding great promise as an intracellular translocation probe to image the changes of CMP and MMP. After unraveling the intrinsic mechanism of their different translocation abilities by combining experiments with molecular dynamics simulations and density functional theory calculations, we successfully used OQ to monitor the continuous changes of CMP and MMP in three neurological disease-related cell models, including oxidative stress-damaged, Parkinson's disease, and virus-infected ones. Besides providing a validated imaging tool for monitoring cellular physiological parameters, this work paves a promising route for designing intracellular translocation probes to analyze cellular physiological parameters associated with various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Lu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China.
| | - Ai-Xin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China.
| | - Jing-Qi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China.
| | - Kun Wang
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China.
| | - Bao-Cun Zhu
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China.
| | - Dai-Wen Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China.
| | - De-Ming Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China.
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qinghai Minzu University, Xining 810007, Qinghai Province, P. R. China
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Li Z, Zhang Y, Sun M, Zhang Y, Lu Z, Deng Y, Huang X, Shen G. La(OTf) 3-Catalyzed [3+2] Cycloaddition Reactions for the Synthesis of Benzo[ d]oxazoles/Benzofurans. J Org Chem 2024; 89:3809-3820. [PMID: 38395778 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
The La(OTf)3-catalyzed [3+2] cycloaddition reactions for the synthesis of benzo[d]oxazoles/benzofurans via quinones and 1,2-di-tert-butyl-3-(cyanimino)diaziridine (1,3-di-tert-butyl-2-cyanoguanidine)/vinyl azides have been explored. A series of 5-hydroxybenzofuran-4-carboxylic acid derivatives and 5-hydroxybenzo[d]oxazole-4-carboxylic acid derivatives were conveniently obtained with high yields and good stereoselectivities, which could be used for further transformations to valuable compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanjun Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, 1 Hunan Avenue, Liaocheng 252000, Shandong, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, E-208 West Campus, 2 Ling Gong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Yalin Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, 1 Hunan Avenue, Liaocheng 252000, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Manman Sun
- Advanced Research Institute and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang, Zhejiang 318000, P. R. China
| | - Ye Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, 1 Hunan Avenue, Liaocheng 252000, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoxiang Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, 1 Hunan Avenue, Liaocheng 252000, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Yupeng Deng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, 1 Hunan Avenue, Liaocheng 252000, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xianqiang Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, 1 Hunan Avenue, Liaocheng 252000, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Guodong Shen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, 1 Hunan Avenue, Liaocheng 252000, Shandong, P. R. China
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3
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Kowalski S, Karska J, Tota M, Skinderowicz K, Kulbacka J, Drąg-Zalesińska M. Natural Compounds in Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer: Prevention and Treatment. Molecules 2024; 29:728. [PMID: 38338469 PMCID: PMC10856721 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29030728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The elevated occurrence of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) and the adverse effects associated with available treatments adversely impact the quality of life in multiple dimensions. In connection with this, there is a necessity for alternative approaches characterized by increased tolerance and lower side effects. Natural compounds could be employed due to their safety profile and effectiveness for inflammatory and neoplastic skin diseases. These anti-cancer drugs are often derived from natural sources such as marine, zoonotic, and botanical origins. Natural compounds should exhibit anti-carcinogenic actions through various pathways, influencing apoptosis potentiation, cell proliferation inhibition, and metastasis suppression. This review provides an overview of natural compounds used in cancer chemotherapies, chemoprevention, and promotion of skin regeneration, including polyphenolic compounds, flavonoids, vitamins, alkaloids, terpenoids, isothiocyanates, cannabinoids, carotenoids, and ceramides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szymon Kowalski
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteura 1, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (S.K.); (M.T.); (K.S.)
| | - Julia Karska
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteura 10, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Maciej Tota
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteura 1, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (S.K.); (M.T.); (K.S.)
| | - Katarzyna Skinderowicz
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteura 1, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (S.K.); (M.T.); (K.S.)
| | - Julita Kulbacka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Immunology and Bioelectrochemistry, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Santariškių 5, 08410 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Małgorzata Drąg-Zalesińska
- Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Division of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, T. Chalubińskiego 6a, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland;
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Xu Z, Li X, Rose JA, Herzon SB. Finding activity through rigidity: syntheses of natural products containing tricyclic bridgehead carbon centers. Nat Prod Rep 2023; 40:1393-1431. [PMID: 37140079 PMCID: PMC10472132 DOI: 10.1039/d3np00008g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Covering: up to 2022Tricyclic bridgehead carbon centers (TBCCs) are a synthetically challenging substructure found in many complex natural products. Here we review the syntheses of ten representative families of TBCC-containing isolates, with the goal of outlining the strategies and tactics used to install these centers, including a discussion of the evolution of the successful synthetic design. We provide a summary of common strategies to inform future synthetic endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA.
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA.
| | - John A Rose
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA.
| | - Seth B Herzon
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA.
- Departments of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA
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Nisar A, Jagtap S, Vyavahare S, Deshpande M, Harsulkar A, Ranjekar P, Prakash O. Phytochemicals in the treatment of inflammation-associated diseases: the journey from preclinical trials to clinical practice. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1177050. [PMID: 37229273 PMCID: PMC10203425 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1177050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in biomedical research have demonstrated that inflammation and its related diseases are the greatest threat to public health. Inflammatory action is the pathological response of the body towards the external stimuli such as infections, environmental factors, and autoimmune conditions to reduce tissue damage and improve patient comfort. However, when detrimental signal-transduction pathways are activated and inflammatory mediators are released over an extended period of time, the inflammatory process continues and a mild but persistent pro-inflammatory state may develop. Numerous degenerative disorders and chronic health issues including arthritis, diabetes, obesity, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases, among others, are associated with the emergence of a low-grade inflammatory state. Though, anti-inflammatory steroidal, as well as non-steroidal drugs, are extensively used against different inflammatory conditions, they show undesirable side effects upon long-term exposure, at times, leading to life-threatening consequences. Thus, drugs targeting chronic inflammation need to be developed to achieve better therapeutic management without or with a fewer side effects. Plants have been well known for their medicinal use for thousands of years due to their pharmacologically active phytochemicals belonging to diverse chemical classes with a number of these demonstrating potent anti-inflammatory activity. Some typical examples include colchicine (alkaloid), escin (triterpenoid saponin), capsaicin (methoxy phenol), bicyclol (lignan), borneol (monoterpene), and quercetin (flavonoid). These phytochemicals often act via regulating molecular mechanisms that synergize the anti-inflammatory pathways such as increased production of anti-inflammatory cytokines or interfere with the inflammatory pathways such as to reduce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and other modulators to improve the underlying pathological condition. This review describes the anti-inflammatory properties of a number of biologically active compounds derived from medicinal plants, and their mechanisms of pharmacological intervention to alleviate inflammation-associated diseases. The emphasis is given to information on anti-inflammatory phytochemicals that have been evaluated at the preclinical and clinical levels. Recent trends and gaps in the development of phytochemical-based anti-inflammatory drugs have also been included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akib Nisar
- Biochemical Sciences Division, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of IT and Biotechnology, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Suresh Jagtap
- Herbal Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Suresh Vyavahare
- Shatayu Ayurved and Research Centre, Solapur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Manasi Deshpande
- Department of Dravyagun Vigyan, College of Ayurved, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Abhay Harsulkar
- Herbal Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Om Prakash
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
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Kikuyama F, Suzuki S, Jibiki A, Yokoyama Y, Kawazoe H, Kitanaka S, Nakamura T. Ingenol mebutate inhibits the growth of pancreatic cancer cells in vitro via STING with an efficacy comparable to that of clinically used anticancer agents. J Nat Med 2023; 77:343-351. [PMID: 36694038 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-023-01682-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is associated with a poor prognosis; thus, there is an urgent need to develop new and effective treatments. Ingenol mebutate (IM), which is isolated from the latex of Euphorbia peplus, was recently shown to be effective against pancreatic cancer cell lines; however, its mechanism of action has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we focused on the less drug-sensitive pancreatic cancer cell line Panc-1 and compared IM to commercially available anticancer drugs using cell survival assays. In addition, we aimed to identify novel biomolecules that may be involved in the mechanism of action of IM using RNA sequencing, western blotting, and inhibition assays. The IC50 values after 72 h of exposure to IM and SN-38, drugs to which the Panc-1 cells are most sensitive among the tested anticancer agents, were 43.1 ± 16.8 nM and 165 ± 37 nM, respectively. IM showed a cytostatic effect equal to or greater than that of the clinically used pancreatic cancer therapeutic drugs. RNA sequencing and protein expression analysis revealed that expression of stimulator of interferon genes (STING) increased at low IM concentration, whereas cell viability decreased. Co-exposure of IM and STING inhibitor, H-151, to Panc-1 or MIA PaCa-2 cell lines canceled the growth-inhibitory effects of IM alone. In conclusion, IM may have an efficacy comparable to that of existing pancreatic cancer therapeutic agents on the less drug-sensitive Panc-1 cell line and the immune-related molecule STING plays a role in the mechanism of action of IM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiro Kikuyama
- Division of Pharmaceutical Care Sciences, Keio University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Sayo Suzuki
- Division of Pharmaceutical Care Sciences, Keio University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan.
- Center for Social Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Care Sciences Division of Pharmaceutical Care Sciences, Keio University Faculty of Pharmacy, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan.
| | - Aya Jibiki
- Center for Social Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Care Sciences Division of Pharmaceutical Care Sciences, Keio University Faculty of Pharmacy, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Yuta Yokoyama
- Division of Pharmaceutical Care Sciences, Keio University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
- Center for Social Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Care Sciences Division of Pharmaceutical Care Sciences, Keio University Faculty of Pharmacy, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kawazoe
- Division of Pharmaceutical Care Sciences, Keio University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
- Center for Social Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Care Sciences Division of Pharmaceutical Care Sciences, Keio University Faculty of Pharmacy, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Susumu Kitanaka
- Dios Medical Science Institute, 4-3-21 Mimomi, Narashino, Chiba, 275-0002, Japan
| | - Tomonori Nakamura
- Division of Pharmaceutical Care Sciences, Keio University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
- Center for Social Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Care Sciences Division of Pharmaceutical Care Sciences, Keio University Faculty of Pharmacy, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
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Ahmad F, Nadeem H. Mass Spectroscopy as an Analytical Tool to Harness the Production of Secondary Plant Metabolites: The Way Forward for Drug Discovery. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2575:77-103. [PMID: 36301472 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2716-7_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The molecular map of diverse biological molecules linked with structure, function, signaling, and regulation within a cell can be elucidated using an analytically demanding omic approach. The latest trend of using "metabolomics" technologies has explained the natural phenomenon of opening a new avenue to understand and enhance bioactive compounds' production. Examination of sequenced plant genomes has revealed that a considerable portion of these encodes genes of secondary metabolism. In addition to genetic and molecular tools developed in the current era, the ever-increasing knowledge about plant metabolism's biochemistry has initiated an approach for wisely designed, more productive genetic engineering of plant secondary metabolism for improved defense systems and enhanced biosynthesis of beneficial metabolites. Secondary plant metabolites are natural products synthesized by plants that are not directly involved with their average growth and development but play a vital role in plant defense mechanisms. Plant secondary metabolites are classified into four major classes: terpenoids, phenolic compounds, alkaloids, and sulfur-containing compounds. More than 200,000 secondary metabolites are synthesized by plants having a unique and complex structure. Secondary plant metabolites are well characterized and quantified by omics approaches and therefore used by humans in different sectors such as agriculture, pharmaceuticals, chemical industries, and biofuel. The aim is to establish metabolomics as a comprehensive and dynamic model of diverse biological molecules for biomarkers and drug discovery. In this chapter, we aim to illustrate the role of metabolomic technology, precisely liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, specifically as a research tool in the production and identification of novel bioactive compounds for drug discovery and to obtain a unified insight of secondary metabolism in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faheem Ahmad
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Hera Nadeem
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Jedlowski PM. Ingenol Mebutate Is Associated With Increased Reporting Odds for Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Actinic Keratosis Patients, a Pharmacovigilance Study of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). J Cutan Med Surg 2023; 27:39-43. [PMID: 36495205 DOI: 10.1177/12034754221143091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently the production and marketing of ingenol mebutate in the European Union (EU) and Canada was halted due to a possible increased risk of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in patients with actinic keratosis (AK). OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between SCC and topical AK medications including ingenol mebutate in the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). METHODS Case/non-case analyses were performed in FAERS using data from 2012 to 2020 to examine the reporting odds ratio (ROR) signal for SCC for ingenol mebutate and all classes of topical AK medications under multiple conditions: i. comparison to all other drugs in FAERs, ii. comparison to other topical AK medications, iii. comparison to all other topical AK medications where only a single agent was implicated, iv. comparison of ingenol mebutate vs. imiquimod. RESULTS A statistically significant ROR for SCC was found for ingenol mebutate under all conditions (i. 31.57 (25.45, 39.16), ii. 50.35 (32.21, 78.82), iii 61.09 (35.36, 105.56), iv. 2.53 (1.27, 5.05). A significant but substantially smaller signal was observed for imiquimod (i. 12.38 (6.42, 32.84), ii. 5.18 (2.61, 10.26), iii 5.42 (2.49, 11.78), but not for fluorouracil or diclofenac. When compared to imiquimod directly, ingenol mebutate had a statistically significant ROR for SCC (2.53 (1.27, 5.05). CONCLUSION Our findings support an association between SCC and ingenol mebutate. This association is maintained under controls to limit bias and falsely elevated signal including controlling for disease state and cases with multiple drug exposures and when compared to imiquimod as in Phase IV studies of ingenol mebutate.
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Lin MH, Li D, Tang B, Li L, Suhrbier A, Harrich D. Defective Interfering Particles with Broad-Acting Antiviral Activity for Dengue, Zika, Yellow Fever, Respiratory Syncytial and SARS-CoV-2 Virus Infection. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0394922. [PMID: 36445148 PMCID: PMC9769664 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03949-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 100 arboviruses, almost all of which have an RNA genome, cause disease in humans. RNA viruses are causing unprecedented health system challenges worldwide, many with little or no specific therapies or vaccines available. Certain species of mosquito can carry dengue virus (DENV), Zika virus (ZIKV) and yellow fever virus (YFV), where co-infection of these viruses has occurred. Here, we found that purified synthetic defective interfering particles (DIPs) derived from DENV type 2 (DENV-2) strongly suppressed replication of the aforementioned viruses, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and also the novel emerging virus SARS-CoV-2 in human cells. DENV DIPs produced in bioreactors, purified by column chromatography, and concentrated are virus-like particles that are about half the diameter of a typical DENV particle, but with similar ratios of the viral structural proteins envelope and capsid. Overall, DIP-treated cells inhibited DENV, ZIKV, YFV, RSV, and SARS-CoV-2 by at least 98% by mechanisms which included interferon (IFN)-dependent cellular antiviral responses. IMPORTANCE DIPs are spontaneously derived virus mutants with deletions in genes that block viral replication. DIPs play important roles in modulation of viral disease, innate immune responses, virus persistence and virus evolution. Here, we investigated the antiviral activity of highly purified synthetic DIPs derived from DENV, which were produced in bioreactors. DENV DIPs purified by column chromatography strongly inhibited five different RNA viruses, including DENV, ZIKV, YFV, RSV, and SARS-CoV-2 in human cells. DENV DIPs inhibited virus replication via delivery of a small, noninfectious viral RNA that activated cellular innate immunity, resulting in robust type 1 interferon responses. The work here presents a pathway for DIP production which is adaptable to Good Manufacturing Practice, so that their preclinical testing should be suitable for evaluation in subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Hsuan Lin
- Program of Infection and Inflammation, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Dongsheng Li
- Program of Infection and Inflammation, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Bing Tang
- Program of Infection and Inflammation, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Li Li
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, the University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andreas Suhrbier
- Program of Infection and Inflammation, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, GVN Center of Excellence, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - David Harrich
- Program of Infection and Inflammation, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, GVN Center of Excellence, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Braun SA, Bauer AT, Németh C, Rózsa A, Rusch L, Erpenbeck L, Schloer S, Silling S, Metze D, Gerber PA, Schneider SW, Gyulai R, Homey B. Immunothrombotic Mechanisms Induced by Ingenol Mebutate Lead to Rapid Necrosis and Clearance of Anogenital Warts. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113377. [PMID: 36362165 PMCID: PMC9656782 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ingenol mebutate (IM) is highly effective in the treatment of human papillomavirus (HPV)-induced anogenital warts (AGW) leading to fast ablation within hours. However, the exact mode of action is still largely unknown. We performed dermoscopy, in vivo confocal microscopy (CLM), histology, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence to gain insights in mechanisms of IM treatment in AGW. In addition, we used in vitro assays (ELISA, HPV-transfection models) to further investigate in vivo findings. IM treatment leads to a strong recruitment of neutrophils with thrombosis of small skin vessels within 8 h, in a sense of immunothrombosis. In vivo and in vitro analyses showed that IM supports a prothrombotic environment by endothelial cell activation and von Willebrand factor (VWF) secretion, in addition to induction of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETosis). IM superinduces CXCL8/IL-8 expression in HPV-E6/E7 transfected HaCaT cells when compared to non-infected keratinocytes. Rapid ablation of warts after IM treatment can be well explained by the observed immunothrombosis. This new mechanism has so far only been observed in HPV-induced lesions and is completely different from the mechanisms we see in the treatment of transformed keratinocytes in actinic keratosis. Our initial findings indicate an HPV-specific effect, which could be also of interest for the treatment of other HPV-induced lesions. Larger studies are now needed to further investigate the potential of IM in different HPV tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan A. Braun
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-2351-83-58637
| | - Alexander T. Bauer
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Csongor Németh
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Oncodermatology, University of Pécs, Medical Center, 7632 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Annamária Rózsa
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Oncodermatology, University of Pécs, Medical Center, 7632 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Louisa Rusch
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Luise Erpenbeck
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schloer
- Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Virology, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Steffi Silling
- Institute of Virology, National Reference Center for Papilloma- and Polyomaviruses, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50935 Cologne, Germany
| | - Dieter Metze
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Peter A. Gerber
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Stefan W. Schneider
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rolland Gyulai
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Oncodermatology, University of Pécs, Medical Center, 7632 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Bernhard Homey
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
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11
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Chaib M, Sipe LM, Yarbro JR, Bohm MS, Counts BR, Tanveer U, Pingili AK, Daria D, Marion TN, Carson JA, Thomas PG, Makowski L. PKC agonism restricts innate immune suppression, promotes antigen cross-presentation and synergizes with agonistic CD40 antibody therapy to activate CD8 + T cells in breast cancer. Cancer Lett 2022; 531:98-108. [PMID: 35074498 PMCID: PMC9867936 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are an immature innate cell population that expands in pathological conditions such as cancer and suppresses T cells via production of immunosuppressive factors. Conversely, efficient cytotoxic T cell priming is dependent on the ability of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to cross-present tumor antigens to CD8+ T cells, a process that requires a specific subtype of dendritic cells (DCs) called conventional DC1 (cDC1) which are often dysfunctional in cancer. One way to activate cDC1 is ligation of CD40 which is abundantly expressed by myeloid cells and its agonism leads to myeloid cell activation. Thus, targeting MDSCs while simultaneously expanding cross-presenting DCs represents a promising strategy that, when combined with agonistic CD40, may result in long-lasting protective immunity. In this study, we investigated the effect of PKC agonists PEP005 and prostratin on MDSC expansion, differentiation, and recruitment to the tumor microenvironment. Our findings demonstrate that PKC agonists decreased MDSC expansion from hematopoietic progenitors and induced M-MDSC differentiation to an APC-like phenotype that expresses cDC1-related markers via activation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Simultaneously, PKC agonists favored cDC1 expansion at the expense of cDC2 and plasmacytoid DCs (pDC). Functionally, PKC agonists blunted MDSC suppressive activity and enhanced MDSC cross-priming capacity both in vitro and in vivo. Finally, combination of PKC agonism with agonistic CD40 mAb resulted in a marked reduction in tumor growth with a significant increase in intratumoral activated CD8+ T cells and tissue-resident memory CD8+ T cells in a syngeneic breast cancer mouse model. In sum, this work proposes a novel promising strategy to simultaneously target MDSCs and promote APC function that may have highly impactful clinical relevance in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Chaib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Laura M. Sipe
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Johnathan R. Yarbro
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Margaret S. Bohm
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Brittany R. Counts
- Division of Regenerative and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health Professions, UTHSC Memphis, USA
| | - Ubaid Tanveer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Ajeeth K. Pingili
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Deidre Daria
- Office of Vice Chancellor for Research, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Tony N. Marion
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA,Office of Vice Chancellor for Research, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - James A. Carson
- Division of Regenerative and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health Professions, UTHSC Memphis, USA,UTHSC Center for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Paul G. Thomas
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA,Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA,UTHSC Center for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Liza Makowski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA,Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA,Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA,UTHSC Center for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA,Corresponding author. Cancer Research Building Room 322, UTHSC Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 19 South Manassas, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA. (L. Makowski)
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12
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Luque A, Groß J, Zähringer TJB, Kerzig C, Opatz T. Vinylcyclopropane [3+2] Cycloaddition with Acetylenic Sulfones Based on Visible Light Photocatalysis**. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202104329. [PMID: 35133690 PMCID: PMC9314945 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The first intermolecular visible light [3+2] cycloaddition reaction performed on a meta photocycloadduct employing acetylenic sulfones is described. The developed methodology exploits the advantages of combining UV and visible‐light in a two‐step sequence that provides a photogenerated cyclopropane which, through a strain‐release process, generates a new cyclopentane ring while significantly increasing the molecular complexity. Mechanistic studies and DFT calculations indicate an energy transfer pathway for the visible light‐driven reaction step. This strategy could be extended to simpler vinylcyclopropanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Luque
- Johannes Gutenberg University Department of Chemistry Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Jonathan Groß
- Johannes Gutenberg University Department of Chemistry Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Till J. B. Zähringer
- Johannes Gutenberg University Department of Chemistry Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Christoph Kerzig
- Johannes Gutenberg University Department of Chemistry Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Till Opatz
- Johannes Gutenberg University Department of Chemistry Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
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13
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Rawle DJ, Dumenil T, Tang B, Bishop CR, Yan K, Le TT, Suhrbier A. Microplastic consumption induces inflammatory signatures in the colon and prolongs a viral arthritis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 809:152212. [PMID: 34890673 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Global microplastic (MP) contamination and the effects on the environment are well described. However, the potential for MP consumption to affect human health remains controversial. Mice consuming ≈80 μg/kg/day of 1 μm polystyrene MPs via their drinking water showed no weight loss, nor were MPs detected in internal organs. The microbiome was also not significantly changed. MP consumption did lead to small transcriptional changes in the colon suggesting plasma membrane perturbations and mild inflammation. Mice were challenged with the arthritogenic chikungunya virus, with MP consumption leading to a significantly prolonged arthritic foot swelling that was associated with elevated Th1, NK cell and neutrophil signatures. Immunohistochemistry also showed a significant increase in the ratio of neutrophils to monocyte/macrophages. The picture that emerges is reminiscent of enteropathic arthritis, whereby perturbations in the colon are thought to activate innate lymphoid cells that can inter alia migrate to joint tissues to promote inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Rawle
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Troy Dumenil
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Bing Tang
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Cameron R Bishop
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Kexin Yan
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Thuy T Le
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Andreas Suhrbier
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia; Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, GVN Center of Excellence, Brisbane, Queensland 4029 and 4072, Australia.
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14
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Discovery of a novel megakaryopoiesis enhancer, ingenol, promoting thrombopoiesis through PI3K-Akt signaling independent of thrombopoietin. Pharmacol Res 2022; 177:106096. [PMID: 35077844 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Thrombocytopenia, a most common complication of radiotherapy and chemotherapy, is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in cancer patients. However, there are still no approved agents for the treatment of radiation- and chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia (RIT and CIT, respectively). In this study, a drug screening model for predicting compounds with activity in promoting megakaryocyte (MK) differentiation and platelet production was established based on machine learning (ML), and a natural product ingenol was predicted as a potential active compound. Then, in vitro experiments showed that ingenol significantly promoted MK differentiation in K562 and HEL cells. Furthermore, a RIT mice model and c-MPL knock-out (c-MPL-/-) mice constructed by CRISPR/Cas9 technology were used to assess the therapeutic action of ingenol on thrombocytopenia. The results showed that ingenol accelerated megakaryopoiesis and thrombopoiesis both in RIT mice and c-MPL-/- mice. Next, RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) was carried out to analyze the gene expression profile induced by ingenol during MK differentiation. Finally, through experimental verifications, we demonstrated that the activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway was involved in ingenol-induced MK differentiation. Blocking PI3K/Akt signaling pathway abolished the promotion of ingenol on MK differentiation. Nevertheless, inhibition of TPO/c-MPL signaling pathway could not suppress ingenol-induced MK differentiation. In conclusion, our study builds a drug screening model to discover active compounds against thrombocytopenia, reveals the critical roles of ingenol in promoting MK differentiation and platelet production, and provides a promising avenue for the treatment of RIT.
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15
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Wang Z, Sun C, Wu H, Xie J, Zhang T, Li Y, Xu X, Wang P, Wang C. Cascade targeting codelivery of ingenol-3-angelate and doxorubicin for enhancing cancer chemoimmunotherapy through synergistic effects in prostate cancer. Mater Today Bio 2022; 13:100189. [PMID: 34977528 PMCID: PMC8686035 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2021.100189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has led to an expansion of the treatment of malignancies, but its effect in prostate cancer (PCa) patients is modest. Chemoimmunotherapy is a promising approach that has attracted substantial attention. Although the widely used clinical chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin (DOX) elicits immunogenic cell death (ICD), its weak ICD effect and the abnormal vasculature of tumors severely limit its efficacy in chemoimmunotherapy. Ingenol-3-angelate (I3A), an emerging antitumor drug with dual chemotherapeutic and immune response-eliciting effects, is expected to exert synergistic effects when administered in combination with DOX. I3A induces the ICD of PCa cells by triggering mitophagy and apoptosis and promotes the normalization of tumor vessels, resulting in sufficient infiltration of immune cells into tumors. A synergistic effect of I3A and DOX was observed in vitro at a molar ratio of 1:4. To codeliver this ratio of I3A and DOX to tumor and ensure their uptake, we designed a dual-targeting delivery system, polylactide-poly(ethylene) glycol-2-(3-((S)-5-amino-1-carboxypentyl)-ureido) pentanedioate/triphenylphosphonium (PLA-PEG-ACUPA/TPP), which targets prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) and mitochondria. Delivery of these nanomedicines led to inhibited tumor growth and a strong antitumor immune response. This study sheds light on the mitophagic and antiangiogenic mechanisms underlying I3A treatment of PCa and provides a strategy for combining vascular normalization and chemoimmunotherapy for PCa treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Chao Sun
- Central Research Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250033, PR China
| | - Haijun Wu
- Shandong Center for Food and Drug Evaluation and Inspection, Ji'nan, 250013, PR China
| | - Jizhen Xie
- Shandong Center for Food and Drug Evaluation and Inspection, Ji'nan, 250013, PR China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Yumin Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Xuelian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Peilin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250033, PR China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, PR China
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16
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van der Westhuizen D, Bezuidenhout DI, Munro OQ. Cancer molecular biology and strategies for the design of cytotoxic gold(I) and gold(III) complexes: a tutorial review. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:17413-17437. [PMID: 34693422 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02783b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This tutorial review highlights key principles underpinning the design of selected metallodrugs to target specific biological macromolecules (DNA and proteins). The review commences with a descriptive overview of the eukaryotic cell cycle and the molecular biology of cancer, particularly apoptosis, which is provided as a necessary foundation for the discovery, design, and targeting of metal-based anticancer agents. Drugs which target DNA have been highlighted and clinically approved metallodrugs discussed. A brief history of the development of mainly gold-based metallodrugs is presented prior to addressing ligand systems for stabilizing and adding functionality to bio-active gold(I) and gold(III) complexes, particularly in the burgeoning field of anticancer metallodrugs. Concepts such as multi-modal and selective cytotoxic agents are covered where necessary for selected compounds. The emerging role of carbenes as the ligand system of choice to achieve these goals for gold-based metallodrug candidates is highlighted prior to closing the review with comments on some future directions that this research field might follow. The latter section ultimately emphasizes the importance of understanding the fate of metal complexes in cells to garner key mechanistic insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle van der Westhuizen
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa.
| | - Daniela I Bezuidenhout
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, University of Oulu, P. O. Box 3000, 90014 Oulu, Finland.
| | - Orde Q Munro
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa.
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17
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Abstract
We herein describe a new approach for the efficient and asymmetric construction of the tricyclic core of eurifoloid A, which possesses a unique and highly strained bicyclo[4.4.1] ring system. A rhodium-catalyzed intramolecular [3 + 2] dipolar cycloaddition was developed to install synthetically challenging bridged bicyclo[4.3.1] ring systems. The reported chemistry shows the feasibility of constructing the eurifoloid A framework using a diastereoselective intramolecular [3 + 2] cycloaddition and a ring enlargement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Long Hou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Small Molecule Drug Discovery and Synthesis, Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Li-Xuan Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Small Molecule Drug Discovery and Synthesis, Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chuang-Chuang Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Small Molecule Drug Discovery and Synthesis, Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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18
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Hammadi R, Kúsz N, Dávid CZ, Behány Z, Papp L, Kemény L, Hohmann J, Lakatos L, Vasas A. Ingol and Ingenol-Type Diterpenes from Euphorbia trigona Miller with Keratinocyte Inhibitory Activity. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10061206. [PMID: 34198524 PMCID: PMC8231945 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ingenol mebutate, isolated from Euphorbia peplus, is an ingenane-type diterpenoid, primarily used for the topical treatment of actinic keratosis, a premalignant skin condition. The aim of our work was to investigate other Euphorbia species to find structurally similar diterpenes that can be used as alternatives to ingenol mebutate. Pharmacological investigation of Euphorbia candelabrum, Euphorbia cotinifolia, Euphorbia ramipressa, and Euphorbia trigona revealed the potent keratinocyte (HPV-Ker cell line) inhibitory activity of these spurge species. From the methanolic extract of the aerial parts of Euphorbia trigona Miller, the most active species, five ingol (1–5) and four ingenane-type diterpenoids (6–9) were isolated by various chromatographic separation techniques, including open column chromatography, vacuum liquid chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, and high-performance liquid chromatography. The structures of the compounds were determined by NMR spectroscopic analysis and by comparison of the assignations with the literature data. The cytotoxic activity of the compounds against keratinocytes was tested in vitro by using ingenol mebutate as a positive control. Among the isolated compounds, two ingenane derivatives (6 and 7) exhibited remarkably stronger cytotoxic activity (IC50 values 0.39 μM and 0.32 μM, respectively) on keratinocytes than ingenol mebutate (IC50 value 0.84 μM). These compounds could serve as starting materials for further investigations to find alternatives to Picato® (with active substance ingenol mebutate), which was withdrawn from marketing authorization in the European Union.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham Hammadi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (R.H.); (N.K.); (C.Z.D.); (J.H.)
| | - Norbert Kúsz
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (R.H.); (N.K.); (C.Z.D.); (J.H.)
| | - Csilla Zsuzsanna Dávid
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (R.H.); (N.K.); (C.Z.D.); (J.H.)
| | - Zoltán Behány
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Korányi fasor 6, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (Z.B.); (L.K.)
| | - László Papp
- Botanical Garden, Eötvös Loránd University, Illés u. 25, 1083 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Lajos Kemény
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Korányi fasor 6, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (Z.B.); (L.K.)
| | - Judit Hohmann
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (R.H.); (N.K.); (C.Z.D.); (J.H.)
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Natural Products, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Lóránt Lakatos
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Korányi fasor 6, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (Z.B.); (L.K.)
- Photo- and Chronobiology Group Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Center Szeged, Temesvári krt. 62, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
- Correspondence: (L.L.); (A.V.); Tel.: +36-62546451 (A.V.)
| | - Andrea Vasas
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (R.H.); (N.K.); (C.Z.D.); (J.H.)
- Correspondence: (L.L.); (A.V.); Tel.: +36-62546451 (A.V.)
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19
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Erin N, Tavşan E, Akdeniz Ö, Isca VMS, Rijo P. Rebound increases in chemokines by CXCR2 antagonist in breast cancer can be prevented by PKCδ and PKCε activators. Cytokine 2021; 142:155498. [PMID: 33773907 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Activation of CXCR2 by chemokines such as CXCL1 and CXCL2 increases aggressiveness of breast cancer, inducing chemoresistance, hence CXCR2 antagonists are in clinical trials. We previously reported that inhibition of CXCR2 increases MIP-2 (CXCL2), which may inhibit anti-tumoral effects of CXCR2 antagonists. This seems to be due to inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC) by CXCR2 antagonist since specific inhibitor of PKC also enhances MIP-2 secretion. We here examined whether CXCR2 inhibitor also increases KC (CXCL1) secretion, ligand for CXCR2 involved in metastasis and PKC activators can prevent increases in chemokine secretion. We used SB 225002, which is a specific CXCR2 antagonist. The effects of PKC activators that have documented anti-tumoral effects and activates multiple isozymes of PKC such as Ingenol-3-angelate (I3A) and bryostatin-1 were examined here. In addition, FR236924, PKCε selective and 7α-acetoxy-6β-benzoyloxy-12-O-benzoylroyleanone (Roy-Bz), PKCδ selective activators were also tested. The effects of activators were determined using brain metastatic (4TBM) and heart metastatic (4THM) subset of 4T1 breast carcinoma cells because these aggressive carcinoma cells with cancer stem cell features secrete high levels of KC and MIP-2. Inhibition of CXCR-2 activity increased KC (CXCL1) secretion. PKC activators prevented SB225002-induced increases in KC and MIP-2 secretion. Different activators/modulators induce differential changes in basal and SB225002-induced chemokine secretion as well as cell proliferation and the activators that act on PKCδ and/or PKCε such as bryostatin 1, FR236924 and Roy-Bz are the most effective. These activators alone also decrease cell proliferation or chemokine secretion or both. Given the role of KC and MIP-2 in drug resistance including chemotherapeutics, activators of PKCε and PKCδ may prevent emerging of resistance to CXCR2 inhibitors as well as other chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuray Erin
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Antalya, Turkey; Immunopharmacology and Immunooncology Unit, Antalya, Turkey.
| | - Esra Tavşan
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Antalya, Turkey; Immunopharmacology and Immunooncology Unit, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Özlem Akdeniz
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Vera M S Isca
- CBIOS-Center for Research in Biosciences & Health Technologies, Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Patricia Rijo
- CBIOS-Center for Research in Biosciences & Health Technologies, Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal.
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20
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Easy ultrastructural insight into the internal morphology of biological specimens by Atomic Force Microscopy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10214. [PMID: 33986350 PMCID: PMC8119718 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89633-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
As a topographical technique, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) needs to establish direct interactions between a given sample and the measurement probe in order to create imaging information. The elucidation of internal features of organisms, tissues and cells by AFM has therefore been a challenging process in the past. To overcome this hindrance, simple and fast embedding, sectioning and dehydration techniques are presented, allowing the easy access to the internal morphology of virtually any organism, tissue or cell by AFM. The study at hand shows the applicability of the proposed protocol to exemplary biological samples, the resolution currently allowed by the approach as well as advantages and shortcomings compared to classical ultrastructural microscopic techniques like electron microscopy. The presented cheap, facile, fast and non-toxic experimental protocol might introduce AFM as a universal tool for the elucidation of internal ultrastructural detail of virtually any given organism, tissue or cell.
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21
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Koch EAT, Wessely A, Steeb T, Berking C, Heppt MV. Safety of topical interventions for the treatment of actinic keratosis. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2021; 20:801-814. [PMID: 33834933 DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2021.1915280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Actinic keratosis (AK) are proliferations of atypical keratinocytes that may eventually progress to cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Therefore, AK requires consequent and early treatment. Areas covered: A variety of effective approaches is currently available for the clearance of AK. These interventions may be applied either in a lesion-directed or field-directed mode as AK can occur as single or multiple lesions. Field-directed approaches typically comprise topical drug-mediated interventions which aim at eliminating all visible lesions and also at clearing subclinical changes of the actinically damaged field. However, most treatment options are associated with local adverse events such as erythema, scaling, pain, and rarely with systemic symptoms. This expert review provides a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the safety considerations of the commonly prescribed topical treatment agents cyclooxygenase inhibitors, 5-fluorouracil, imiquimod, ingenol mebutate, and photodynamic therapy. All these therapies have been proven efficient, yet they differ considerably regarding their safety profile. Expert opinion: In the future, safety concerns will relate to long-term and irreversible adverse drug events instead of application site reactions. In particular, the rate of treatment-associated non-melanoma skin cancers will increasingly come into focus and warrant investigation in postmarketing surveillance trials with a long-term follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias A T Koch
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anja Wessely
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Theresa Steeb
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carola Berking
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus V Heppt
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany
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Sumarni U, Reidel U, Eberle J. Targeting Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma Cells by Ingenol Mebutate (PEP005) Correlates with PKCδ Activation, ROS Induction as Well as Downregulation of XIAP and c-FLIP. Cells 2021; 10:cells10050987. [PMID: 33922439 PMCID: PMC8146015 DOI: 10.3390/cells10050987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
New therapeutic strategies are needed for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), and the plant extract ingenol mebutate (PEP005) may be considered. PEP005 has been approved for actinic keratosis, and proapoptotic activities were described in different cancer cells. Here, we aimed to investigate its efficacy in four CTCL cell lines and its mode of action. While HuT-78 and HH responded with induced apoptosis as well as with loss of cell viability and cell proliferation, MyLa and SeAx remained resistant. Interestingly, both sensitive and resistant cells showed caspase-8 activation and enhanced levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), while final caspase-3 activation was restricted to sensitive cells. Apoptosis induction was prevented by the caspase inhibitor QVD-Oph as well as by the antioxidant vitamin E. Caspase activation by PEP005 may be explained to some extent by the downregulation of the caspase antagonistic proteins c-FLIP and XIAP in sensitive cells, whereas both proteins were strongly expressed in resistant cells. Finally, PEP005 resulted in the activation of proapoptotic PKCδ, and the PKC inhibitor bisindolylmaleimide I reduced apoptosis, caspase-3 processing and ROS production, as well as restored cell viability. In conclusion, PKCδ appeared as a central player in apoptosis regulation in CTCL cells, also suggesting its therapeutic targeting.
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MESH Headings
- Apoptosis
- CASP8 and FADD-Like Apoptosis Regulating Protein/antagonists & inhibitors
- Cell Cycle
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation
- Diterpenes/pharmacology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Humans
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/genetics
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/metabolism
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/pathology
- Protein Kinase C-delta/genetics
- Protein Kinase C-delta/metabolism
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Skin Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Skin Neoplasms/genetics
- Skin Neoplasms/metabolism
- Skin Neoplasms/pathology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- X-Linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein/antagonists & inhibitors
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Noh JI, Mun SK, Lim EH, Kim H, Chang DJ, Hur JS, Yee ST. Induction of Apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 Cells Treated with the Methanol Extract of Lichen Physconia hokkaidensis. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7030188. [PMID: 33807853 PMCID: PMC8000577 DOI: 10.3390/jof7030188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Physconia hokkaidensis methanol extract (PHE) was studied to identify anticancer effects and reveal its mechanism of action by an analysis of cytotoxicity, cell cycles, and apoptosis biomarkers. PHE showed strong cytotoxicity in various cancer cells, including HL-60, HeLa, A549, Hep G2, AGS, MDA-MB-231, and MCF-7. Of these cell lines, the growth of MDA-MB-231 was concentration-dependently suppressed by PHE, but MCF-7 was not affected. MDA-MB-231 cells, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells, do not express estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2), whereas MCF-7 cells are ER-positive, PR-positive, and HER-2-negative breast cancer cells. The number of cells in sub-G1 phase was increased after 24 h of treatment, and annexin V/PI staining showed that the population size of apoptotic cells was increased by prolonged exposure to PHE. Moreover, PHE treatment downregulated the transcriptional levels of Bcl-2, AMPK, and p-Akt, whereas it significantly upregulated the levels of cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-9, and cleaved-PARP. In conclusion, it was confirmed that the PHE exhibited selective cytotoxicity toward MDA-MB-231, not toward MCF-7, and its cytotoxic activity is based on induction of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-In Noh
- Department of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Jungang-Ro, Suncheon 549-742, Korea; (J.-I.N.); (S.-K.M.); (E.H.L.); (H.K.); (D.-J.C.)
| | - Seul-Ki Mun
- Department of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Jungang-Ro, Suncheon 549-742, Korea; (J.-I.N.); (S.-K.M.); (E.H.L.); (H.K.); (D.-J.C.)
| | - Eui Hyeon Lim
- Department of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Jungang-Ro, Suncheon 549-742, Korea; (J.-I.N.); (S.-K.M.); (E.H.L.); (H.K.); (D.-J.C.)
| | - Hangun Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Jungang-Ro, Suncheon 549-742, Korea; (J.-I.N.); (S.-K.M.); (E.H.L.); (H.K.); (D.-J.C.)
| | - Dong-Jo Chang
- Department of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Jungang-Ro, Suncheon 549-742, Korea; (J.-I.N.); (S.-K.M.); (E.H.L.); (H.K.); (D.-J.C.)
| | - Jae-Seoun Hur
- Department of Environmental Education, Korea Lichen Research Institute, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 549-742, Korea;
| | - Sung-Tae Yee
- Department of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Jungang-Ro, Suncheon 549-742, Korea; (J.-I.N.); (S.-K.M.); (E.H.L.); (H.K.); (D.-J.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-61-750-3752; Fax: +82-61-750-3708
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Liu Z, Ding Z, Chen K, Xu M, Yu T, Tong G, Zhang H, Li P. Balancing skeleton and functional groups in total syntheses of complex natural products: a case study of tigliane, daphnane and ingenane diterpenoids. Nat Prod Rep 2021; 38:1589-1617. [PMID: 33508045 DOI: 10.1039/d0np00086h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Total synthesis of natural products has greatly contributed to natural product research, organic synthesis and drug discovery and development. However, in most cases, the efficiency of total synthesis is far from sufficient for direct practical industrial application. Thus, designing a concise and efficient synthetic route with balanced efforts between building the complex skeleton and introducing functional groups is highly desirable. In this critical review, we first present an introduction of this issue and a philosophical framework that cover possible synthetic approaches. Next, we have chosen the biogenetically closely related, biologically important and synthetically extremely challenging natural products, tiglianes, daphnanes and ingenanes as the particular case for the discussion, since in the past 40 years many synthetic approaches have been reported. The successes and pitfalls included therefore serve as the basis to draw some conclusions that may inspire future development in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Liu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China.
| | - Zhengwei Ding
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.
| | - Ming Xu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China.
| | - Tao Yu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China.
| | - Guanghu Tong
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, LaJolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Hailong Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.
| | - Pengfei Li
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China. and State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China and Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
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25
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Wang Z, Liu J. All-carbon [3 + 2] cycloaddition in natural product synthesis. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:3015-3031. [PMID: 33363670 PMCID: PMC7736699 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Many natural products possess interesting medicinal properties that arise from their intriguing chemical structures. The highly-substituted carbocycle is one of the most common structural features in many structurally complicated natural products. However, the construction of highly-substituted, stereo-congested, five-membered carbocycles containing all-carbon quaternary center(s) is, at present, a distinct challenge in modern synthetic chemistry, which can be accessed through the all-carbon [3 + 2] cycloaddition. More importantly, the all-carbon [3 + 2] cycloaddition can forge vicinal all-carbon quaternary centers in a single step and has been demonstrated in the synthesis of complex natural products. In this review, we present the development of all-carbon [3 + 2] cycloadditions and illustrate their application in natural product synthesis reported in the last decade covering 2011-2020 (inclusive).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Wang
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Junyang Liu
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
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26
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Min L, Hu YJ, Fan JH, Zhang W, Li CC. Synthetic applications of type II intramolecular cycloadditions. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:7015-7043. [PMID: 32869796 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00365d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Type II intramolecular cycloadditions ([4+2], [4+3], [4+4] and [5+2]) have emerged recently as an efficient and powerful strategy for the construction of bridged ring systems. In general, type II cycloadditions provide access to a wide range of bridged bicyclo[m.n.1] ring systems with high regio- and diastereoselectivity in an easy and straightforward manner. In each section of this review, an overview of the corresponding type II cycloadditions is presented, which is followed by highlights of method development and synthetic applications in natural product synthesis. The goal of this review is to provide a survey of recent advances in the field covering literature up to 2020. The review will serve as a useful reference for organic chemists engaged in the total synthesis of natural products containing bridged bicyclo[m.n.1] ring systems and provide strong stimulus for invention and further advances in this exciting research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Min
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China.
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27
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Deka SJ, Trivedi V. Potentials of PKC in Cancer Progression and Anticancer Drug Development. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2020; 16:135-147. [PMID: 29468974 DOI: 10.2174/1570163815666180219113614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PKC is a family of serine-threonine kinases which play crucial roles in the regulation of important signal transduction pathways in mammalian cell-biology. These enzymes are themselves regulated by various molecules that can serve as ligands to the regulatory domains and translocate PKC to membrane for activity. The role of PKC in the modulation of both proliferative and apoptotic signaling in cancer has become a subject of immense interest after it was discovered that PKC regulates a myriad of enzymes and transcription factors involved in carcinogenic signaling. Therefore, PKC has served as an attractive target for the development of newer generation of anti-cancer drugs. The following review discusses the potential of PKC to be regarded as a target for anti-cancer therapy. We also review all the molecules that have been discovered so far to be regulators/activators/inhibitors of PKC and also how far these molecules can be considered as potential candidates for anti-cancer drug development based on PKC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman J Deka
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, Assam, India
| | - Vishal Trivedi
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, Assam, India
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28
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An L, Tong FF, Zhang S, Zhang X. Stereoselective Functionalization of Racemic Cyclopropylzinc Reagents via Enantiodivergent Relay Coupling. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:11884-11892. [PMID: 32530615 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c04462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lun An
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Fei-Fei Tong
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 2006 Xiyuan Avenue, West High-Tech Zone, Chengdu, Sichuan 611731, China
| | - Xingang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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29
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Li G, Li B, Song J, Wang N, Gao Z. Endomorphin-2 Analog Inhibits the Growth of DLD-1 and RKO Human Colon Cancer Cells by Inducing Cell Apoptosis. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e921251. [PMID: 32336747 PMCID: PMC7199432 DOI: 10.12659/msm.921251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In developed countries, colon cancer is a leading cause of cancer-associated mortality. Dietary changes have resulted in an increased incidence of colon cancer in Asia. This study aimed to investigate the effects of the structural analog of endomorphin-2 (H-Tyr-Pro-Phe-Phe-NH2) on human colon cancer cells in vitro. Material/Methods Human DLD-1 and RKO colon cancer cells and CCD-18Co normal human colonic fibroblasts were treated with increasing doses of the structural analog of endomorphin-2. Cells underwent the MTT assay, fluorescence confocal flow cytometry, and Hoechst 33258 staining to investigate cell proliferation, the cell cycle, and apoptosis. Western blot was used to measure the expression levels of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1), cytochrome c, caspase-3, and caspase-9. The 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) fluorescence method measured reactive oxygen species (ROS). Results Cell proliferation of DLD-1 and RKO cells was inhibited by the endomorphin-2 analog in a dose-dependent manner, and a 100 μM dose reduced DLD-1 and RKO cell proliferation by 28% and 23%, respectively, at 72 h. Endomorphin-2 analog induced cell apoptosis and the generation of ROS, activated caspase-3 and caspase-9, and increased the levels of p53 and cytochrome c release, and down-regulated of Akt activation in DLD-1 and RKO cells in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment of the DLD-1 and RKO cells with the endomorphin-2 analog increased the expression of Bax and reduced the expression of Bcl-2. Conclusions Endomorphin-2 analog inhibited colon cancer cell proliferation, activated apoptosis, and down-regulated Akt phosphorylation of human DLD-1 and RKO colon cancer cells in vitro in a dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghua Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Electrocardiography, Peoples' Hospital of Zhangqiu, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Jingang Song
- Department of General Surgery, Dezhou Peoples' Hospital, Dezhou, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Na Wang
- Department of Oncology, Peoples' Hospital of Zhangqiu, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Zhuanglei Gao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
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30
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Yang SX, Song CG, Kuang Y, Liu B, Zhang YX, Zhang MZ, Zhang CY, Ding G, Qin JC. Cytotoxic Activity of Inositol Angelates and Tirucallane-Type Alkaloids from Amoora Dasyclada. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25051222. [PMID: 32182779 PMCID: PMC7179408 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25051222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Three new inositol angelate compounds (1–3) and two new tirucallane-type alkaloids (4 and 5) were isolated from the Amoora dasyclada, and their structures were established mainly by means of combination of 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance and HR-ESI-MS. Based on cytotoxicity testing, compounds 4 and 5 exhibited significant cytotoxic activity against human cancer cell line HepG2 with IC50 value at 8.4 and 13.2 μM. In addition, compounds 4 and 5 also showed remarkable growth inhibitory activity to Artemia salina larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Xiang Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Utilization of Forestry Biomass, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an 311300, Zhejiang, China; (S.-X.Y.); (Y.K.)
| | - Cheng-Gang Song
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Xi’an Road No. 5333, Changchun 130062, Jilin, China; (C.-G.S.); (B.L.); (Y.-X.Z.); (M.-Z.Z.)
| | - Yi Kuang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Utilization of Forestry Biomass, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an 311300, Zhejiang, China; (S.-X.Y.); (Y.K.)
| | - Bing Liu
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Xi’an Road No. 5333, Changchun 130062, Jilin, China; (C.-G.S.); (B.L.); (Y.-X.Z.); (M.-Z.Z.)
| | - Yan-Xin Zhang
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Xi’an Road No. 5333, Changchun 130062, Jilin, China; (C.-G.S.); (B.L.); (Y.-X.Z.); (M.-Z.Z.)
| | - Ming-Zhe Zhang
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Xi’an Road No. 5333, Changchun 130062, Jilin, China; (C.-G.S.); (B.L.); (Y.-X.Z.); (M.-Z.Z.)
| | - Chun-Ying Zhang
- The clinical medicine department of Changchun Medical College, Jilin Road No. 6177, Changchun 130013, Jilin, China;
| | - Gang Ding
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Department, Chinese Academy of medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: (G.D.); (J.-C.Q.); Tel./Fax: +86-431-87835722 (J.-C.Q.)
| | - Jian-Chun Qin
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Xi’an Road No. 5333, Changchun 130062, Jilin, China; (C.-G.S.); (B.L.); (Y.-X.Z.); (M.-Z.Z.)
- Correspondence: (G.D.); (J.-C.Q.); Tel./Fax: +86-431-87835722 (J.-C.Q.)
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Cullen JK, Simmons JL, Parsons PG, Boyle GM. Topical treatments for skin cancer. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 153:54-64. [PMID: 31705912 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Skin cancer is a broad term used to describe a number of different malignant indications of the skin. Skin cancers mostly comprise of the keratinocyte cancers [Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) and cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC)], and melanoma. Surgical excision of these malignancies has been the preferred treatment of patients for decades. However, the decision to perform surgery can be affected by various considerations, including co-morbidities of the patient, the anatomical site of the lesion and potential intolerance for repeated excisions. Topical treatment of skin cancer may therefore be more appropriate in certain instances. Topical treatment potentially allows for higher drug levels at the tumor site, and may result in less overall toxicity than systemic agents. This review will specifically address the current agents used in topical treatment of skin cancers, and introduce emerging treatments from the natural product field that may also find utility in these indications.
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Ingenol mebutate treatment in actinic keratosis - clinical effectiveness and potential side effects. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2019; 36:468-471. [PMID: 31616223 PMCID: PMC6791158 DOI: 10.5114/ada.2019.87450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Actinic keratosis is a common skin disease that occurs in response to prolonged exposure to ultraviolet radiation. This problem affects up to 60% of the population over 40 years of age. Actinic keratosis is considered to be a precancerous lesion leading to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The new therapeutic option for the treatment of actinic keratosis is ingenol mebutate gel (0.015%, 0.05%). Aim Retrospective evaluation of response and potential side effects of ingenol mebutate treatment in clinical practice. Material and methods Eight patients with actinic keratosis lesions on the face or scalp self-applied a 0.015% gel for 3 consecutive days on the 25 cm2 marked area. They were assessed at baseline and on day 4, 7, 14 and 57. Results All patients on day 57 presented a complete absence of AK lesions in the area of ingenol mebutate application. No adverse events were observed. Conclusions Our study shows that ingenol mebutate is highly efficacious field treatment for actinic keratosis.
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33
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Long Y, Wang D. Inhibition of Colon Cancer Cell Growth by Imidazole Through Activation of Apoptotic Pathway. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:7597-7604. [PMID: 31597910 PMCID: PMC6798726 DOI: 10.12659/msm.917779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of imidazole on colon cancer cell proliferation and understand the mechanism involved. Material/Methods MTT assay and flow cytometry using Hoechst 33258 staining were used to assess cell proliferation and morphology, respectively. Changes in protein expression was determined by western blotting assay. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in DLD-1 cells was analyzed by flow cytometry using DCFH-DA (2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate) stain. Results DLD-1 and HCT-116 cell viability was suppressed by imidazole in a concentration-based manner. At the concentration of 36 μM, imidazole reduced DLD-1 and HCT-116 cell viability to 22% and 28%, respectively. Treatment with imidazole led to chromatin material condensation, detaching of cells, and apoptotic nuclei. In imidazole treated cells, the G1/G0 phase cell proportion increased, whereas in the S and G2/M phases the cell proportion decreased. Imidazole treatment of DLD-1 cells markedly promoted activation of caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9. The level of cleaved PARP1 was also upregulated in DLD-1 cells with imidazole treatment. Treatment of DLD-1 cells with imidazole suppressed Bcl-2 and promoted Bax, p53, and cytc expression. The Akt activation was suppressed by imidazole treatment in DLD-1 cells. ROS generation in DLD-1 cells was enhanced markedly by treatment with imidazole. Conclusions The present study demonstrated that imidazole inhibited colon cancer cell viability through activation of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest by increasing the generation of ROS, caspase activation, and apoptotic protein expression. Therefore, imidazole can act as a therapeutic molecule for the treatment of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Long
- Department of General Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Duo Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
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Tan K, Chen Y, Ma K, Wang Q, Liu X, Wang F. Spatiotemporally Tracking the Programmable Mitochondrial Membrane Potential Evolutions by a Robust Molecular Rotor. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1903266. [PMID: 31389181 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201903266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) represents an essential parameter of cellular activities, and even a minute MMP variation could significantly affect the biological functions of living organisms. Thus, convenient and accurate MMP detection is highly desirable since conventional MMP probes are always constrained by photobleaching, inconvenience, and irreversibility. Herein, a spatial-dependent fluorescent molecular rotor Mito-Cy is introduced for efficiently tracking the varied MMP status through its restricted intramolecular rotation in mitochondria and nucleus compartments. Based on a systematic investigation, the specifically lit up fluorescent Mito-Cy enables us to explore different MMP situations by determining their varied distributions. Accordingly, Mito-Cy concentrates in mitochondria under normal MMP status. Yet Mito-Cy starts to migrate gradually from mitochondria to the nucleus in decreasing MMP status, as represented by the increasing distribution levels of fluorescent Mito-Cy in the nucleus. Mito-Cy exclusively accumulates in the nucleus at ultimate vanishing MMP status. The facile operation of Mito-Cy, together with its high photostability and sensitivity, facilitates the monitoring of the reversible and programmable MMP evolutions in living cells. The Mito-Cy-involved logic control over MMP, e.g., AND and OR gates, indicates that the robust and versatile Mito-Cy holds great potential for illuminating mitochondrial viscosity-related bioprocesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyue Tan
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430000, P. R. China
| | - Yingying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430000, P. R. China
| | - Kang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430000, P. R. China
| | - Qing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430000, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430000, P. R. China
| | - Fuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430000, P. R. China
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Tan Y, Hou L, Zhou Y, Mo Z. Inhibition of Colon Cancer Cell Viability and Tumor Growth by Benzoximemethyl Amine Through Apoptosis. INT J PHARMACOL 2019. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2019.716.723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Reinholz M, Clanner-Engelshofen BM, Heppt MV, Hirai Y, Ruzicka T, Berking C, von Braunmühl T. Successful Treatment of Genital Warts with Ingenol Mebutate Monitored with Optical Coherence Tomography and Reflectance Confocal Microscopy. Ann Dermatol 2019; 31:434-437. [PMID: 33911622 PMCID: PMC7992764 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2019.31.4.434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Ingenol mebutate (IM) is approved for the treatment of actinic keratosis and induces cell death in precancerous lesions. The efficacy of IM in the treatment of genital warts was investigated in a therapy-refractory patient. The 74-year-old male was treated with IM gel for three consecutive days. Treatment course and efficacy were evaluated by clinical inspection and non-invasive diagnostics namely optical coherence tomography (OCT) and reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM). Within 24 to 48 hours IM induced a strong local inflammatory reaction. One week later a complete response was observed. OCT and RCM showed a strong reaction after treatment with erosions, swelling of cells, and a subepidermal dark band in representative lesions. IM has the advantage of a short treatment period in contrast to other topical treatments and shows a promising clinical outcome. Larger studies are needed to validate the data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Reinholz
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | | | - Markus V Heppt
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Yoji Hirai
- Department of Dermatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Thomas Ruzicka
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Carola Berking
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Tanja von Braunmühl
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
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Hanke CW, Albrecht L, Skov T, Larsson T, Østerdal ML, Spelman L. Efficacy and safety of ingenol mebutate gel in field treatment of actinic keratosis on full face, balding scalp, or approximately 250 cm 2 on the chest: A phase 3 randomized controlled trial. J Am Acad Dermatol 2019; 82:642-650. [PMID: 31374304 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2019.07.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ingenol mebutate (IngMeb) 0.015% or 0.05% is approved for actinic keratosis (AK) areas of 25 cm2 or less; some patients require treatment of larger fields. OBJECTIVE To determine efficacy and safety of IngMeb 0.027% in areas of AK of up to 250 cm2 during an 8-week initial assessment period and extended 12-month follow-up. METHODS This phase 3, randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled trial (NCT02361216) enrolled adult patients with 5 to 20 AK lesions on the face/scalp (25-250 cm2) or chest (approximately 250 cm2). Patients received once-daily IngMeb or vehicle for 3 consecutive days on the full face, full balding scalp, or approximately 250 cm2 on the chest. The primary endpoint was complete AK clearance (AKCLEAR 100; week 8). Additional endpoints included partial AK clearance (AKCLEAR 75), recurrence, patient satisfaction, cosmetic outcome, and safety. RESULTS IngMeb was superior to vehicle for complete AK clearance (21.4% vs 3.4%, P < .001) and AK clearance of 75% or greater (59.4% vs 8.9%, P < .001) at week 8. Probability of sustained clearance during the 12-month follow-up was 22.9% for patients treated with IngMeb. Increased treatment satisfaction and cosmetic outcomes were observed with IngMeb versus vehicle. No unexpected safety signals were identified. LIMITATIONS Localized skin responses hindered maintenance of double-blinding. CONCLUSIONS IngMeb 0.027% was superior to vehicle for treatment of AK areas of up to 250 cm2. The safety profile of IngMeb was as expected.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Lynda Spelman
- Veracity Clinical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Gameiro L, Tovo LFR, Sanches Júnior JA, Aprahamian I. Treatment of actinic keratoses and cancerization field of the face and scalp with 0.015% ingenol mebutate gel in Brazilian individuals: safety, tolerability and patients' perspectives. An Bras Dermatol 2019; 94:313-319. [PMID: 31365660 PMCID: PMC6668952 DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20197938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Actinic keratosis (AK) represents a risk of progression to squamous cell carcinoma. Ingenol mebutate gel is a novel therapeutic option for field-directed treatment. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the safety, tolerability and patients' perspectives, related to the therapeutic success of managing AKs on the face and scalp with ingenol mebutate gel in Brazilian individuals. METHODS This was an observational, retrospective and descriptive study of 68 areas of actinic keratosis on the face and scalp treated with Ingenol mebutate gel involving a total of 37 patients. The drug was applied for three consecutive days on an area of of 25 cm2 and documentation was performed on baseline and days 4, 8, 15, 60 and 180. On day 4, the composite local skin reaction score was calculated. At the end, a questionnaire was applied to evaluate patients' perspectives about the treatment. RESULTS Adherence was 100%, no serious adverse events were recorded and the mean composite local skin reaction score (standard deviation) was 8.61±4.22. The treatment was considered optimum by 75.68% of the patients. STUDY LIMITATIONS Calculation of composite local skin reaction score performed only on the fourth day. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with ingenol mebutate gel was considered safe and tolerable in Brazilian subjects. Patients had a maximum adherence rate and a great improvement in self-esteem. The results of this research reproduce the findings of the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Gameiro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina de
Jundiaí, Jundiaí (SP), Brazil
| | | | | | - Ivan Aprahamian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina de
Jundiaí, Jundiaí (SP), Brazil
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Morrill LA, Susick RB, Chari JV, Garg NK. Total Synthesis as a Vehicle for Collaboration. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:12423-12443. [PMID: 31356068 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b05588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
"Collaboration" is not the first word most would associate with the field of total synthesis. In fact, the spirit of total synthesis is all-too-often reputed as being more competitive, rather than collaborative, sometimes even within individual laboratories. However, recent studies in total synthesis have inspired a number of collaborative efforts that strategically blend synthetic methodology, biocatalysis, biosynthesis, computational chemistry, and drug discovery with complex molecule synthesis. This Perspective highlights select recent advances in these areas, including collaborative syntheses of chlorolissoclimide, nigelladine A, artemisinin, ingenol, hippolachnin A, communesin A, and citrinalin B. The legendary Woodward-Eschenmoser collaboration that led to the total synthesis of vitamin B12 is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas A Morrill
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
| | - Robert B Susick
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
| | - Jason V Chari
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
| | - Neil K Garg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
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Yu M, Zhao M, Yu R, Chu S, Xu J, Xia M, Wang C. Nanotechnology-mediated immunochemotherapy with Ingenol-3-Mebutate for Systematic Anti-tumor Effects. J Control Release 2019; 304:242-258. [PMID: 31071376 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer-Immunotherapy was the most exciting topic. However, either insensitivity due to singleness of therapeutic target or immune evasion leads to the failure of the treatment. Ingenol-3-mebutate (I3A) can inhibit cancer through synergy between immunotherapy and chemotherapy, however, the speculation and accurate mechanism haven't been confirmed in vivo limited by its hydrophobicity and pH-instability, which also hindered its clinical translation. Herein we developed a polymeric micelle with 'acidic core' provided by single alcoholic hydroxyl (-CH(CH3)-OH) encapsulating I3A (I3A-PM), which successfully overcome the aforementioned problems and reduce the toxicity in vivo. To test the synergy, S180 tumor-bearing mice were subjected to I3A-PM through intravenous and intratumoral administration, we found I3A-PM presented significant antitumor effect, and promoted Th1 polarization by upregulating the level of Th1 cytokines (IL-12, IL-2, IFN-γ and TNF-α), and accelerated the expansion of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, meanwhile, I3A-PM depleted regulatory T cells, Th2 cytokine IL-6 through inhibiting TGF-β signaling pathway. Furthermore, we appealed to virtual screening of tumor target, and found a new pathway of I3A as a TGF-β receptor type I inhibitor to improve immunostimulatory effects. These results demonstrated I3A-PM as a promising nanoagent for cancer immunotherapy strategy. The synergistic therapeutic effects are encouraged to further evaluate in different cancer model compared with commercial products to facilitate research finding (I3A-PM) entering the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mian Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Miaoqing Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Key Laboratory for Kidney Regeneration of Shandong Province, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Rilei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Shaochen Chu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jiahao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Ming Xia
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Key Laboratory for Kidney Regeneration of Shandong Province, Jinan 250021, China.
| | - Cheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
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Grandi V, di Gennaro P, Torrigiani S, Basco L, Lastrucci I, Pimpinelli N. Ingenol mebutate-mediated reduction in p53-positive keratinocytes in skin cancerization field directly correlates with clinical response in patients with multiple actinic keratoses. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2019; 33:1297-1303. [PMID: 30801837 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND UV radiation represents the main risk factor for non-melanoma skin cancers. Chronic UV exposure induces 'p53 patches', i.e. clonal outgrowths of keratinocytes with high nuclear expression of mutated p53, which might progress to actinic keratosis (AK) and ultimately squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). AIMS Analysis of ingenol mebutate gel (150 and 500 mcg/g) effects in the reduction in 'p53 patches' inside skin cancerization field (CF) in patients with multiple AKs of face/scalp or trunk/extremities, in order to investigate whether the expected reduction in p53+ keratinocytes might have a direct role in the long-term AK reduction in treated areas. RESULTS We enrolled n = 10 patients, treated with ingenol mebutate and evaluated at 2 and 6 months after treatment. We observed clinical responses in the majority of patients (n = 7), with AK reduction or complete clearance (n = 6 and n = 1, respectively). Notably, two patients did not respond to the treatment, and in one patient, after initial partial response, new lesion was recorded. In untreated skin CF samples (n = 3), we observed numerous p53+ keratinocytes, similar to those observed in invasive SCC samples (53.56 ± 8.79 and 74.34 ± 22.05, respectively; P = 0.2). After treatment, we observed a variable p53+ keratinocyte reduction in CF samples at 2 months (24.67 ± 31.19; P = 0.19). Importantly, the amount of p53+ keratinocytes strongly and directly correlated with AK number (R2 = 0.81). CONCLUSION Untreated skin CF expresses high level of p53+ keratinocytes as invasive SCC. Ingenol mebutate is able to reduce p53+ keratinocytes with variable efficacy, this reduction degree directly correlating with clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Grandi
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, Division of Dermatology, University of Florence School of Human Health Sciences, Florence, Italy
| | - P di Gennaro
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, Division of Dermatology, University of Florence School of Human Health Sciences, Florence, Italy.,Melanoma & Skin Cancer Unit, Tuscan Tumour Institute (ITT) - Santa Maria Annunziata Hospital, Central Tuscany District, Florence, Italy
| | - S Torrigiani
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, Division of Dermatology, University of Florence School of Human Health Sciences, Florence, Italy
| | - L Basco
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, Division of Dermatology, University of Florence School of Human Health Sciences, Florence, Italy
| | - I Lastrucci
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, Division of Dermatology, University of Florence School of Human Health Sciences, Florence, Italy
| | - N Pimpinelli
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, Division of Dermatology, University of Florence School of Human Health Sciences, Florence, Italy.,Melanoma & Skin Cancer Unit, Tuscan Tumour Institute (ITT) - Santa Maria Annunziata Hospital, Central Tuscany District, Florence, Italy
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Modified ingenol semi-synthetic derivatives from Euphorbia tirucalli induce cytotoxicity on a large panel of human cancer cell lines. Invest New Drugs 2019; 37:1029-1035. [DOI: 10.1007/s10637-019-00728-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Voiculescu VM, Lisievici CV, Lupu M, Vajaitu C, Draghici CC, Popa AV, Solomon I, Sebe TI, Constantin MM, Caruntu C. Mediators of Inflammation in Topical Therapy of Skin Cancers. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:8369690. [PMID: 30766448 PMCID: PMC6350587 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8369690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Taking into consideration that the immune system plays a very important role in the development of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers, which have a high prevalence in immunosuppressed patients and after prolonged ultraviolet radiation, the interest in developing novel therapies, in particular targeting the inflammation in cancer, has increased in the past years. The latest data suggest that therapies such as imiquimod (IMQ), ingenol mebutate (IM), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), retinoids, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been used with success in the topical treatment of some cancers. Herein, we review the topical treatment targeting the inflammation in skin cancer and the mechanisms involved in these processes. Currently, various associations have shown a superior success rate than monotherapy, such as systemic acitretin and topical IMQ, topical 5-FU with tretinoin cream, or IMQ with checkpoint inhibitor cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4. Novel therapies targeting Toll-like receptor-7 (TLR-7) with higher selectivity than IMQ are also of great interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlad Mihai Voiculescu
- Department of Dermatology, “ELIAS” University Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, Romania, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Mihai Lupu
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, Romania, Bucharest, Romania
- Dermatology Clinic, MedAs Medical Center, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristina Vajaitu
- Department of Dermatology, “ELIAS” University Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | | | - Iulia Solomon
- Department of Dermatology, “ELIAS” University Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Teona Ioana Sebe
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, Romania, Bucharest, Romania
- The Clinic of Plastic Surgery Reconstructive Microsurgery, Emergency Hospital Bucharest, Romania
| | - Maria Magdalena Constantin
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, Romania, Bucharest, Romania
- 2nd Department of Dermatology, “Colentina” Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Constantin Caruntu
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, Romania, Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Dermatology, Prof. “N Paulescu” National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Bucharest, Romania
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Campione E, Ventura A, Diluvio L, Mazzeo M, Mazzilli S, Garofalo V, Di Prete M, Bianchi L. Current developments in pharmacotherapy for actinic keratosis. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2018; 19:1693-1704. [PMID: 30222011 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2018.1523896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Actinic keratosis (AK) is a superficial squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) where chronic sun exposure playing central role in its pathogenesis. UVB causes direct damage to DNA, producing pyrimidine dimers, and suppressing the protective role of p53. The stepwise progression of AK, with increased expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2, favors progression to SCC. Moreover, the dermal response characterized by inflammation and mediated by prostaglandins is a critical component of tumorigenesis that promotes tumor growth, tissue invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis. Other risk factors are represented by age, gender, phototype and drugs. AREAS COVERED In this review, the authors document the recent developments of different therapies used to treat AK and provide their perspectives on current and future treatment strategies. EXPERT OPINION The usefulness of long-term treatment with piroxicam and sun filters or diclofenac targeting the inflammation phases of skin tumorigenesis favors AK's healing and provides greater control of the cancerization field. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can be safely used in patients who use photosensitizing drugs and, therefore, are more at risk of developing skin tumors. Immunomodulatory therapies, which require shorter treatment, are characterized by more common local side effects, and need more attention by the dermatologist in the concern of patient education, resulting essential to improve adherence and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Campione
- a Dermatology Clinic , University of Rome Tor Vergata , Italy
| | | | - Laura Diluvio
- a Dermatology Clinic , University of Rome Tor Vergata , Italy
| | - Mauro Mazzeo
- a Dermatology Clinic , University of Rome Tor Vergata , Italy
| | - Sara Mazzilli
- a Dermatology Clinic , University of Rome Tor Vergata , Italy
| | | | - Monia Di Prete
- b Department of Anatomic Pathology , University of Rome Tor Vergata , Italy
| | - Luca Bianchi
- a Dermatology Clinic , University of Rome Tor Vergata , Italy
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Braun SA, Baran J, Schrumpf H, Buhren BA, Bölke E, Homey B, Gerber PA. Ingenol mebutate induces a tumor cell-directed inflammatory response and antimicrobial peptides thereby promoting rapid tumor destruction and wound healing. Eur J Med Res 2018; 23:45. [PMID: 30266096 PMCID: PMC6161468 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-018-0343-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ingenol mebutat (IM)-gel is effective for the topical treatment of epithelial tumors, including actinic keratoses (AKs) or anogenital warts (AGW). AK patients treated with IM develop intensified inflammatory reactions on sights of prior clinical visible or palpable AKs as compared to the surrounding actinically damaged skin, suggesting the induction of a tumor cell-directed inflammation. AGW patients treated with IM develop even stronger inflammatory reactions with large erosions, suggesting a directed inflammatory response against HPV-infected keratinocytes. Of note, even widespread erosions heal very fast without any superinfections. Here, we set out to elucidate underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms of these clinical observations. METHODS The effects of IM (10-9-10-5 M) on the expression and translation of a comprehensive set of chemokines (CXCL1, CXCL8, CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, CXCL14, CCL2, CCL5, CCL20, CCL27) and antimicrobial peptides (AMP) (HBD1, HBD2, HBD3, LL37, RNase7) were analyzed in primary human epithelial keratinocytes (HEK) and a set of epithelial cancer cell lines by RT-qPCR and ELISA in vitro. To study the possible effects of different concentrations of IM on migratory, respectively wound healing responses, an in vitro scratch assay was conducted on HEK. RESULTS Ingenol mebutat significantly and dose-dependently induced the expression of proinflammatory chemokines (CXCL8, CCL2) and AMP (RNase7, HBD3) in HEK and epithelial cancer cell lines. A significantly stronger induction of CXCL8 and CCL2 was observed in our tested tumor cells as compared to HEK. We did not observe any significant effect of IM on HEK migration, respectively wound healing responses in vitro for any tested concentration (10-9, 10-8, 10-6 M) except 10-7 M, which induced a significant inhibition. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that tumor cells are more susceptible to IM as compared to differentiated HEK. This is evident by a stronger IM-mediated induction of proinflammatory chemokines in tumor cells, which may result in a tumor cell-directed inflammatory response and rapid tumor destruction. In addition, IM induces AMP in keratinocytes and seems not to severely interfere with keratinocyte migration, which contributes to a fast and uncomplicated wound healing. Surprising is a selective inhibition of keratinocyte migration by IM at the concentration of 10-7 M pointing to very dose depending biological effects, induced by IM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julia Baran
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Holger Schrumpf
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Orthopedics, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bettina Alexandra Buhren
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Orthopedics, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Edwin Bölke
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bernhard Homey
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Peter Arne Gerber
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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46
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Stockfleth E, Bastian M. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation of ingenol mebutate for the treatment of actinic keratosis. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2018; 14:911-918. [DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2018.1508449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eggert Stockfleth
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, St. Josef-Hospital, Bochum, Germany
| | - Mike Bastian
- Scientific Affairs, LEO Pharma GmbH, Neu-Isenburg, Germany
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Lombardi M, Rossi A, Fortuna MC, Garelli V, Sama E, Senis D, Costa C. Treatment of facial actinic keratoses with a cream containing octatrienoic acid: a multicenter clinical experience. GIORN ITAL DERMAT V 2018; 153:860-865. [PMID: 29963806 DOI: 10.23736/s0392-0488.18.06064-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Actinic keratosis (AKs) are premalignant skin lesions characterized by high rate of transformation in squamous cell carcinoma if not treated. Preclinical published data on parrodiene-derivative 2,4,6-octatrienoic acid, encourages us to study and to evaluate the effect of a topical product containing it in patients affected by mild to moderate actinic keratosis. METHODS Seventy subjects with at least 1-3 clinically diagnosed actinic keratosis lesions, non-hyperkeratotic, non-hypertrophic, localized on the face (I-II degree actinic keratosis) were enrolled in the study. The product was applied twice/day for 60 consecutive days. RESULTS After 60 days of treatment, a significant improvement in lesions occurred as shown by the decrease in the AKESA Score (P<0.05). Moreover, octatrienoic acid containing cream induced a 90% response rate (63/70 patients P<0.5; 95% confidence interval) with 20% complete remission (14/70 patients, P<0.05). Compared to baseline, a significant number of patients reported improvement of each AKESA sub-score after 60 days of treatment: skin thickness improved in 46 patients (P<0.0001), erythema in 21 patients (P<0.0001) and atrophy in 57 patients (P<0.0348). The average pigmentation score significantly decreased from 1.50 to 0.79 (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The results of the study, confirmed also by self-assessment, allow us not only to state that the use of topical octatrienoic acid was effective and well tolerated for topical treatment of AKs leading to overall clinical improvement in approximately 90% of subjects treated for 60 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Lombardi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Alfredo Rossi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria C Fortuna
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Garelli
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Sama
- Department of Dermatology, M. Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Forlì-Cesena, Italy
| | - Daniela Senis
- Department of Dermatology, Businco Hospital, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Claudia Costa
- Unit of Dermatology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy -
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48
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Bejcek LP, Murelli RP. Oxidopyrylium [5+2] Cycloaddition Chemistry: Historical Perspective and Recent Advances (2008-2018). Tetrahedron 2018; 74:2501-2521. [PMID: 30455508 PMCID: PMC6238658 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren P Bejcek
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY
| | - Ryan P Murelli
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY
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49
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Mushtaq S, Abbasi BH, Uzair B, Abbasi R. Natural products as reservoirs of novel therapeutic agents. EXCLI JOURNAL 2018; 17:420-451. [PMID: 29805348 PMCID: PMC5962900 DOI: 10.17179/excli2018-1174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Since ancient times, natural products from plants, animals, microbial and marine sources have been exploited for treatment of several diseases. The knowledge of our ancestors is the base of modern drug discovery process. However, due to the presence of extensive biodiversity in natural sources, the percentage of secondary metabolites screened for bioactivity is low. This review aims to provide a brief overview of historically significant natural therapeutic agents along with some current potential drug candidates. It will also provide an insight into pros and cons of natural product discovery and how development of recent approaches has answered the challenges associated with it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Mushtaq
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad-45320, Pakistan
| | - Bilal Haider Abbasi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad-45320, Pakistan.,EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Bushra Uzair
- Department of Bioinformatics & Biotechnology, Faculty of Basic & Applied Sciences, International Islamic University, Sector H-8, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rashda Abbasi
- Institute of Biomedical & Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Sector G-9/1, Islamabad, Pakistan
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50
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Benati E, Pampena R, Bombonato C, Borsari S, Lombardi M, Longo C. Dermoscopy and reflectance confocal microscopy for monitoring the treatment of actinic cheilitis with ingenol mebutate gel: Report of three cases. Dermatol Ther 2018; 31:e12613. [PMID: 29687567 DOI: 10.1111/dth.12613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Actinic cheilitis (AC) can precede the development of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the lip, a location with higher risk of invasiveness and metastasis. Herein, we reported the use of ingenol mebutate (IngMeb) 0.015% gel on three consecutive days to treat three patients suffering from AC. All the three patients achieved complete clearance of AC with rapid clinical effect, favorable safety profile, good patient's compliance related to short time of applications, and few local skin reactions. So IngMeb is an attractive new therapy for AC. Moreover, the present case report adds further evidence to the usefulness of dermoscopy and Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) in the assessment and monitoring of treatment outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Benati
- Dermatology and Skin Cancer Unit, Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova-IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - R Pampena
- Dermatology and Skin Cancer Unit, Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova-IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - C Bombonato
- Dermatology and Skin Cancer Unit, Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova-IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - S Borsari
- Dermatology and Skin Cancer Unit, Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova-IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - M Lombardi
- Dermatology and Skin Cancer Unit, Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova-IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - C Longo
- Dermatology and Skin Cancer Unit, Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova-IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy.,Dermatology Department, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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