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Garcha J, Huang J, Martinez Pomier K, Melacini G. Amyloid-Driven Allostery. Biophys Chem 2024; 315:107320. [PMID: 39278064 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2024.107320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
The fields of allostery and amyloid-related pathologies, such as Parkinson's disease (PD), have been extensively explored individually, but less is known about how amyloids control allostery. Recent advancements have revealed that amyloids can drive allosteric effects in both intrinsically disordered proteins, such as alpha-synuclein (αS), and multi-domain signaling proteins, such as protein kinase A (PKA). Amyloid-driven allostery plays a central role in explaining the mechanisms of gain-of-pathological-function mutations in αS (e.g. E46K, which causes early PD onset) and loss-of-physiological-function mutations in PKA (e.g. A211D, which predisposes to tumors). This review highlights allosteric effects of disease-related mutations and how they can cause exposure of amyloidogenic regions, leading to amyloids that are either toxic or cause aberrant signaling. We also discuss multiple potential modulators of these allosteric effects, such as MgATP and kinase substrates, opening future opportunities to improve current pharmacological interventions against αS and PKA-related pathologies. Overall, we show that amyloid-driven allosteric models are useful to explain the mechanisms underlying disease-related mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaskiran Garcha
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Jinfeng Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Karla Martinez Pomier
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Giuseppe Melacini
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada.
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2
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Zimpfer A, Abel LM, Alozie A, Etz CD, Schneider B. Frequent protein kinase A regulatory subunit A1 mutations but no GNAS mutations as potential driver in sporadic cardiac myxomas. Cardiovasc Pathol 2024; 71:107632. [PMID: 38492686 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2024.107632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Cardiac myxomas (CMs) are the second most common benign primary cardiac tumors, mainly originating within the left atrium. Approximately 5% of CM cases are associated with Carney Complex (CNC), an autosomal dominant multiple neoplasia syndrome often caused by germline mutations in the protein kinase A regulatory subunit 1A (PRKAR1A). Data concerning PRKAR1A alterations in sporadic myxomas are variable and sparse, with PRKAR1A mutations reported to range from 0% to 87%. Therefore, we investigated the frequency of PRKAR1A mutations in sporadic CM using next-generation sequencing (NGS). Additionally, we explored mutations in the catalytic domain of the Protein Kinase A complex (PRKACA) and examined the presence of GNAS mutations as another potential driver. METHODS AND RESULTS This study retrospectively collected histological and clinical data from 27 patients with CM. First, we ruled out the possibility of underlying CNC through clinical evaluations and standardized interviews for each patient. Second, we performed PRKAR1A immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis and graded the reactivity of myxoma cells semi-quantitatively. NGS was then applied to analyze the coding regions of PRKAR1A, PRKACA, and GNAS in all 27 cases. Of the 27 sporadic CM cases, 13 (48%) harbored mutations in PRKAR1A. Among these 13 mutant cases, six displayed more than one mutation in PRKAR1A. Most of the identified mutations resulted in premature stop codons or affected splicing. In PRKAR1A mutant CM cases, the loss of PRKAR1A protein expression was significantly more common. In two cases with missense mutations, protein expression remained preserved. Furthermore, a single mutation was detected in the catalytic domain of the protein kinase A complex, while no GNAS mutations were found. CONCLUSION We identified a relatively high frequency of PRKAR1A mutations in sporadic CM. These PRKAR1A mutations may also represent an important oncogenic mechanism in sporadic myxomas, as already known in CM cases associated with CNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Zimpfer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Rostock, Strempelstr. 14, Rostock, 18055 Germany.
| | - Liza M Abel
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Rostock, Strempelstr. 14, Rostock, 18055 Germany
| | - Anthony Alozie
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Rostock Heart Center, University Medical Center Rostock, Schillingallee 35, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Christian D Etz
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Rostock Heart Center, University Medical Center Rostock, Schillingallee 35, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Björn Schneider
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Rostock, Strempelstr. 14, Rostock, 18055 Germany
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3
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Lao A, Silva J, Chiu B, Sergi CM. Carney complex: A clinicopathologic study on a single family from several Canadian provinces. Cardiovasc Pathol 2024; 69:107599. [PMID: 38072094 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2023.107599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Carney syndrome is an autosomal dominant complex involving endocrinopathy, mucocutaneous hyperpigmentation, and different tumors, including cardiac myxomas. We report on a single family with several members affected with Carney syndrome. Family and individual medical histories were investigated in several Canadian provinces. The histology slides were also reviewed. Four family members (two young women, both sisters, their mother, and maternal grandmother) were found to harbor Carney syndrome. Everyone was presented with multiple and recurrent atrial myxomas of the heart, requiring multiple open cardiac surgeries. Breast myxomas and cutaneous hyperpigmentation were also revealed in one of the sisters and their mother. Interestingly, genetic testing was positive for the female family members and negative for the father and brother. We cannot rule out that the brother may have had a new mutation or harboring a mosaic. The young woman's brother did not have cardiac myxoma but developed a unilateral Sertoli cell tumor of testis. Carney syndrome is a rare complex multisystemic genetic disorder, including multiple and recurrent cardiac myxomas. We strongly suggest that reporting familial Carney syndrome is still critical in the 21st century to augment the awareness of this situation among clinicians and pathologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Lao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Hôpital de Saint-Georges; CISSS - Chaudière-Appalaches, Quebec, Canada
| | - Julio Silva
- Medicine Hat Regional Hospital, Alberta Precision Laboratories Ltd. (APL) - South Sector, Alberta, Canada
| | - Brian Chiu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Consolato M Sergi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Anatomic Pathology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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4
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Choi HR, Kim K. Mouse Models to Examine Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Pathogenesis: Recent Updates. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11138. [PMID: 37446316 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the overall prognosis of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), the most common endocrine malignancy, is favorable, a subset of patients exhibits aggressive features. Therefore, preclinical models that can be utilized to investigate DTC pathogenesis and novel treatments are necessary. Various mouse models have been developed based on advances in thyroid cancer genetics. This review focuses on recent progress in mouse models that have been developed to elucidate the molecular pathogenesis of DTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Ryeon Choi
- Department of Surgery, Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul 01830, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangsoon Kim
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
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Watson S, Gruel N, Le Loarer F. New developments in the pathology and molecular biology of retroperitoneal sarcomas. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY 2023; 49:1053-1060. [PMID: 35151525 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2022.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Retroperitoneal sarcomas (RPS) refer to a heterogeneous group of malignancies of mesenchymal origin developing from retroperitoneal tissues and vessels. The most frequent RPS are well differentiated/dedifferentiated liposarcomas and leiomyosarcomas, but other rare histological subtypes can be observed. Over the last decade, significant advances have been made in the pathological and molecular characterization of sarcomas. These advances have led to major changes in their diagnostic management as well as in the development of new therapeutic strategies based on tumor biology and microenvironment. This review describes the current knowledge and recent findings in the pathology and molecular biology of the most frequent RPS subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Watson
- INSERM U830, Équipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Diversity and Plasticity of Childhood Tumors Lab, PSL Research University, Institut Curie Research Center, Paris, France; Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie Hospital, Paris, France.
| | - Nadege Gruel
- INSERM U830, Équipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Diversity and Plasticity of Childhood Tumors Lab, PSL Research University, Institut Curie Research Center, Paris, France; Department of Translational Research, PSL Research University, Institut Curie Research Center, Paris, France
| | - François Le Loarer
- Department of Pathology, Institut Bergonie, Bordeaux, France; INSERM U1218, Unité ACTION, Institut Bergonie, Bordeaux, France; University of Bordeaux, Talence, France
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Baronas JM, Bartell E, Eliasen A, Doench JG, Yengo L, Vedantam S, Marouli E, Kronenberg HM, Hirschhorn JN, Renthal NE. Genome-wide CRISPR screening of chondrocyte maturation newly implicates genes in skeletal growth and height-associated GWAS loci. CELL GENOMICS 2023; 3:100299. [PMID: 37228756 PMCID: PMC10203046 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2023.100299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in the growth and maturation of chondrocytes can lead to variation in human height, including monogenic disorders of skeletal growth. We aimed to identify genes and pathways relevant to human growth by pairing human height genome-wide association studies (GWASs) with genome-wide knockout (KO) screens of growth-plate chondrocyte proliferation and maturation in vitro. We identified 145 genes that alter chondrocyte proliferation and maturation at early and/or late time points in culture, with 90% of genes validating in secondary screening. These genes are enriched in monogenic growth disorder genes and in KEGG pathways critical for skeletal growth and endochondral ossification. Further, common variants near these genes capture height heritability independent of genes computationally prioritized from GWASs. Our study emphasizes the value of functional studies in biologically relevant tissues as orthogonal datasets to refine likely causal genes from GWASs and implicates new genetic regulators of chondrocyte proliferation and maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M. Baronas
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric Bartell
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anders Eliasen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Health Technology, Section for Bioinformatics, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - John G. Doench
- Genetic Perturbation Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Loic Yengo
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Sailaja Vedantam
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Eirini Marouli
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - GIANT Consortium
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Health Technology, Section for Bioinformatics, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- Genetic Perturbation Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Henry M. Kronenberg
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Joel N. Hirschhorn
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nora E. Renthal
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Xu H, Wang Y, Kwon H, Shah A, Kalemba K, Su X, He L, Wondisford FE. Glucagon changes substrate preference in gluconeogenesis. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102708. [PMID: 36402444 PMCID: PMC9747632 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fasting hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus is caused by unregulated glucagon secretion that activates gluconeogenesis (GNG) and increases the use of pyruvate, lactate, amino acids, and glycerol. Studies of GNG in hepatocytes, however, tend to test a limited number of substrates at nonphysiologic concentrations. Therefore, we treated cultured primary hepatocytes with three identical substrate mixtures of pyruvate/lactate, glutamine, and glycerol at serum fasting concentrations, where a different U-13C- or 2-13C-labeled substrate was substituted in each mix. In the absence of glucagon stimulation, 80% of the glucose produced in primary hepatocytes incorporated either one or two 13C-labeled glycerol molecules in a 1:1 ratio, reflecting the high overall activity of this pathway. In contrast, glucose produced from 13C-labeled pyruvate/lactate or glutamine rarely incorporated two labeled molecules. While glucagon increased the glycerol and pyruvate/lactate contributions to glucose carbon by 1.6- and 1.8-fold, respectively, the glutamine contribution to glucose carbon was increased 6.4-fold in primary hepatocytes. To account for substrate 13C carbon loss during metabolism, we also performed a metabolic flux analysis, which confirmed that the majority of glucose carbon produced by primary hepatocytes was from glycerol. In vivo studies using a PKA-activation mouse model that represents elevated glucagon activity confirmed that most circulating lactate carbons originated from glycerol, but very little glycerol was derived from lactate carbons, reflecting glycerol's importance as a carbon donor to GNG. Given the diverse entry points for GNG substrates, hepatic glucagon action is unlikely to be due to a single mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiting Xu
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Yujue Wang
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA; Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Hyokjoon Kwon
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Ankit Shah
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Katarzyna Kalemba
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Su
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA; Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Ling He
- Departments of Pediatrics and Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Fredric E Wondisford
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA; Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.
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8
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Nishiyama M, Iwasaki Y, Makino S. Animal Models of Cushing's Syndrome. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6761324. [PMID: 36240318 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous Cushing's syndrome is characterized by unique clinical features and comorbidities, and progress in the analysis of its genetic pathogenesis has been achieved. Moreover, prescribed glucocorticoids are also associated with exogenous Cushing's syndrome. Several animal models have been established to explore the pathophysiology and develop treatments for Cushing's syndrome. Here, we review recent studies reporting animal models of Cushing's syndrome with different features and complications induced by glucocorticoid excess. Exogenous corticosterone (CORT) administration in drinking water is widely utilized, and we found that CORT pellet implantation in mice successfully leads to a Cushing's phenotype. Corticotropin-releasing hormone overexpression mice and adrenal-specific Prkar1a-deficient mice have been developed, and AtT20 transplantation methods have been designed to examine the medical treatments for adrenocorticotropic hormone-producing pituitary neuroendocrine tumors. We also review recent advances in the molecular pathogenesis of glucocorticoid-induced complications using animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuru Nishiyama
- Health Care Center, Kochi University, Kochi city, Kochi 780-8520, Japan
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku city, Kochi 783-8505, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Iwasaki
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku city, Kochi 783-8505, Japan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka city, Mie 510-0293Japan
| | - Shinya Makino
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku city, Kochi 783-8505, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Gyomeikan Hospital, Osaka city, Osaka 554-0012Japan
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9
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Zhou X, Torres VE. Emerging therapies for autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease with a focus on cAMP signaling. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:981963. [PMID: 36120538 PMCID: PMC9478168 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.981963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), with an estimated genetic prevalence between 1:400 and 1:1,000 individuals, is the third most common cause of end stage kidney disease after diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Over the last 3 decades there has been great progress in understanding its pathogenesis. This allows the stratification of therapeutic targets into four levels, gene mutation and polycystin disruption, proximal mechanisms directly caused by disruption of polycystin function, downstream regulatory and signaling pathways, and non-specific pathophysiologic processes shared by many other diseases. Dysfunction of the polycystins, encoded by the PKD genes, is closely associated with disruption of calcium and upregulation of cyclic AMP and protein kinase A (PKA) signaling, affecting most downstream regulatory, signaling, and pathophysiologic pathways altered in this disease. Interventions acting on G protein coupled receptors to inhibit of 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production have been effective in preclinical trials and have led to the first approved treatment for ADPKD. However, completely blocking cAMP mediated PKA activation is not feasible and PKA activation independently from cAMP can also occur in ADPKD. Therefore, targeting the cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway beyond cAMP production makes sense. Redundancy of mechanisms, numerous positive and negative feedback loops, and possibly counteracting effects may limit the effectiveness of targeting downstream pathways. Nevertheless, interventions targeting important regulatory, signaling and pathophysiologic pathways downstream from cAMP/PKA activation may provide additive or synergistic value and build on a strategy that has already had success. The purpose of this manuscript is to review the role of cAMP and PKA signaling and their multiple downstream pathways as potential targets for emergent therapies for ADPKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhou
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Nephrology, Rochester, MN, United States
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10
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Wang X, Jiang L, Thao K, Sussman C, LaBranche T, Palmer M, Harris P, McKnight GS, Hoeflich K, Schalm S, Torres V. Protein Kinase A Downregulation Delays the Development and Progression of Polycystic Kidney Disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 2022; 33:1087-1104. [PMID: 35236775 PMCID: PMC9161799 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2021081125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Upregulation of cAMP-dependent and -independent PKA signaling is thought to promote cystogenesis in polycystic kidney disease (PKD). PKA-I regulatory subunit RIα is increased in kidneys of orthologous mouse models. Kidney-specific knockout of RIα upregulates PKA activity, induces cystic disease in wild-type mice, and aggravates it in Pkd1 RC/RC mice. Methods: PKA-I activation or inhibition was compared to EPAC activation or PKA-II inhibition using Pkd1 RC/RC metanephric organ cultures. The effect of constitutive PKA (preferentially PKA-I) downregulation in vivo was ascertained by kidney-specific expression of a dominant negative RIαB allele in Pkd1 RC/RC mice obtained by crossing Prkar1α R1αB/WT, Pkd1 RC/RC, and Pkhd1-Cre mice (C57BL/6 background). The effect of pharmacologic PKA inhibition using a novel, selective PRKACA inhibitor (BLU2864) was tested in mIMCD3 3D cultures, metanephric organ cultures, and Pkd1 RC/RC mice on a C57BL/6 x 129S6/Sv F1 background. Mice were sacrificed at 16 weeks of age. Results: PKA-I activation promoted and inhibition prevented ex vivo P-Ser133 CREB expression and cystogenesis. EPAC activation or PKA-II inhibition had no or only minor effects. BLU2864 inhibited in vitro mIMCD3 cystogenesis and ex vivo P-Ser133 CREB expression and cystogenesis. Genetic downregulation of PKA activity and BLU2864 directly and/or indirectly inhibited many pro-proliferative pathways and were both protective in vivo BLU2864 had no detectable on- or off-target adverse effects. Conclusions: PKA-I is the main PKA isozyme promoting cystogenesis. Direct PKA inhibition may be an effective strategy to treat PKD and other conditions where PKA signaling is upregulated. By acting directly on PKA, the inhibition may be more effective than or substantially increase the efficacy of treatments that only affect PKA activity by lowering cAMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Wang
- X Wang, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States
| | - Li Jiang
- L Jiang, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States
| | - Ka Thao
- K Thao, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States
| | - Caroline Sussman
- C Sussman, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States
| | | | | | - Peter Harris
- P Harris, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States
| | - G Stanley McKnight
- G McKnight, Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Klaus Hoeflich
- K Hoeflich, Blueprint Medicines, Cambridge, United States
| | | | - Vicente Torres
- V Torres, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States
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11
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Djari C, Sahut-Barnola I, Septier A, Plotton I, Montanier N, Dufour D, Levasseur A, Wilmouth J, Pointud JC, Faucz FR, Kamilaris C, Lopez AG, Guillou F, Swain A, Vainio SJ, Tauveron I, Val P, Lefebvre H, Stratakis CA, Martinez A, Lefrançois-Martinez AM. Protein kinase A drives paracrine crisis and WNT4-dependent testis tumor in Carney complex. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:146910. [PMID: 34850745 DOI: 10.1172/jci146910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Large-cell calcifying Sertoli cell tumors (LCCSCTs) are among the most frequent lesions occurring in male Carney complex (CNC) patients. Although they constitute a key diagnostic criterion for this rare multiple neoplasia syndrome resulting from inactivating mutations of the tumor suppressor PRKAR1A, leading to unrepressed PKA activity, LCCSCT pathogenesis and origin remain elusive. Mouse models targeting Prkar1a inactivation in all somatic populations or separately in each cell type were generated to decipher the molecular and paracrine networks involved in the induction of CNC testis lesions. We demonstrate that the Prkar1a mutation was required in both stromal and Sertoli cells for the occurrence of LCCSCTs. Integrative analyses comparing transcriptomic, immunohistological data and phenotype of mutant mouse combinations led to the understanding of human LCCSCT pathogenesis and demonstrated PKA-induced paracrine molecular circuits in which the aberrant WNT4 signal production is a limiting step in shaping intratubular lesions and tumor expansion both in a mouse model and in human CNC testes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Djari
- iGReD, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS6293, INSERM U1103, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Amandine Septier
- iGReD, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS6293, INSERM U1103, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Ingrid Plotton
- UM Pathologies Endocriniennes Rénales Musculaires et Mucoviscidose, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Nathanaëlle Montanier
- iGReD, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS6293, INSERM U1103, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Université Clermont-Auvergne, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Damien Dufour
- iGReD, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS6293, INSERM U1103, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Adrien Levasseur
- iGReD, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS6293, INSERM U1103, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - James Wilmouth
- iGReD, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS6293, INSERM U1103, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Fabio R Faucz
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Crystal Kamilaris
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Antoine-Guy Lopez
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1239, Rouen University Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolic Diseases and CIC-CRB 140h4, Rouen, France
| | | | - Amanda Swain
- Division of Cancer Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Seppo J Vainio
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Igor Tauveron
- iGReD, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS6293, INSERM U1103, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Université Clermont-Auvergne, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pierre Val
- iGReD, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS6293, INSERM U1103, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Hervé Lefebvre
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1239, Rouen University Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolic Diseases and CIC-CRB 140h4, Rouen, France
| | - Constantine A Stratakis
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Antoine Martinez
- iGReD, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS6293, INSERM U1103, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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12
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Chevalier B, Vantyghem MC, Espiard S. Bilateral Adrenal Hyperplasia: Pathogenesis and Treatment. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101397. [PMID: 34680514 PMCID: PMC8533142 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bilateral adrenal hyperplasia is a rare cause of Cushing’s syndrome. Micronodular adrenal hyperplasia, including the primary pigmented micronodular adrenal dysplasia (PPNAD) and the isolated micronodular adrenal hyperplasia (iMAD), can be distinguished from the primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (PBMAH) according to the size of the nodules. They both lead to overt or subclinical CS. In the latter case, PPNAD is usually diagnosed after a systematic screening in patients presenting with Carney complex, while for PBMAH, the diagnosis is often incidental on imaging. Identification of causal genes and genetic counseling also help in the diagnoses. This review discusses the last decades’ findings on genetic and molecular causes of bilateral adrenal hyperplasia, including the several mechanisms altering the PKA pathway, the recent discovery of ARMC5, and the role of the adrenal paracrine regulation. Finally, the treatment of bilateral adrenal hyperplasia will be discussed, focusing on current data on unilateral adrenalectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Chevalier
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolism and Nutrition, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (B.C.); (M.-C.V.)
| | - Marie-Christine Vantyghem
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolism and Nutrition, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (B.C.); (M.-C.V.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1190, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Stéphanie Espiard
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolism and Nutrition, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (B.C.); (M.-C.V.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1190, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
- Correspondence:
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13
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Schernthaner-Reiter MH, Trivellin G, Roetzer T, Hainfellner JA, Starost MF, Stratakis CA. Prkar1a haploinsufficiency ameliorates the growth hormone excess phenotype in Aip-deficient mice. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 29:2951-2961. [PMID: 32821937 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations of the regulatory subunit (PRKAR1A) of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase (PKA), leading to activation of the PKA pathway, are the genetic cause of Carney complex which is frequently accompanied by somatotroph tumors. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor-interacting protein (AIP) mutations lead to somatotroph tumorigenesis in mice and humans. The mechanisms of AIP-dependent pituitary tumorigenesis are still under investigation and evidence points to a connection between the AIP and PKA pathways. In this study, we explore the combined effects of Aip and Prkar1a deficiency on mouse phenotype and, specifically, pituitary histopathology. Aip+/- mice were compared with double heterozygous Aip+/-, Prkar1a+/- mice. The phenotype (including histopathology and serological studies) was recorded at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of age. Detailed pituitary histological and immunohistochemical studies were performed at 12 months. Twelve-month old Aip+/- mice demonstrated phenotypic and biochemical evidence of GH excess including significantly elevated insulin-like growth factor 1 levels, larger weight and body length, higher hemoglobin and cholesterol levels and a higher frequency of growth plate thickening in comparison to Aip+/, Prkar1a+/- mice. Pituitary histopathology did not uncover any pituitary adenomas or somatotroph hyperplasia in either group. These results demonstrate a slow progression from elevated GH release to the formation of overt somatotropinomas in Aip+/- mice; the acromegalic phenotype of these mice is surprisingly ameliorated in Aip+/-, Prkar1a+/- mice. This highlights the complexities of interaction between the AIP and PKA pathway. Specifically targeting GH secretion rather than somatotroph proliferation may be an advantage in the medical treatment of AIP-dependent human acromegaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Helene Schernthaner-Reiter
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.,Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Giampaolo Trivellin
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Endocrinology and Laboratory of Pharmacology and Brain Pathology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - Thomas Roetzer
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes A Hainfellner
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthew F Starost
- Office of Research Services (ORS), Division of Veterinary Resources (DVR), Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Constantine A Stratakis
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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14
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Pitsava G, Stratakis CA, Faucz FR. PRKAR1A and Thyroid Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153834. [PMID: 34359735 PMCID: PMC8345073 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In 2021 it is estimated that there will be 44,280 new cases of thyroid cancer in the United States and the incidence rate is higher in women than in men by almost 3 times. Well-differentiated thyroid cancer is the most common subtype of thyroid cancer and includes follicular (FTC) and papillary (PTC) carcinomas. Over the last decade, researchers have been able to better understand the molecular mechanisms involved in thyroid carcinogenesis, identifying genes including but not limited to RAS, BRAF, PAX8/PPARγ chromosomal rearrangements and others, as well as several tumor genes involved in major signaling pathways regulating cell cycle, differentiation, growth, or proliferation. Patients with Carney complex (CNC) have increased incidence of thyroid tumors, including cancer, yet little is known about this association. CNC is a familial multiple neoplasia and lentiginosis syndrome cause by inactivating mutations in the PRKAR1A gene which encodes the regulatory subunit type 1α of protein kinase A. This work summarizes what we know today about PRKAR1A defects in humans and mice and their role in thyroid tumor development, as the first such review on this issue. Abstract Thyroid cancer is the most common type of endocrine malignancy and the incidence is rapidly increasing. Follicular (FTC) and papillary thyroid (PTC) carcinomas comprise the well-differentiated subtype and they are the two most common thyroid carcinomas. Multiple molecular genetic and epigenetic alterations have been identified in various types of thyroid tumors over the years. Point mutations in BRAF, RAS as well as RET/PTC and PAX8/PPARγ chromosomal rearrangements are common. Thyroid cancer, including both FTC and PTC, has been observed in patients with Carney Complex (CNC), a syndrome that is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner and predisposes to various tumors. CNC is caused by inactivating mutations in the tumor-suppressor gene encoding the cyclic AMP (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) type 1α regulatory subunit (PRKAR1A) mapped in chromosome 17 (17q22–24). Growth of the thyroid is driven by the TSH/cAMP/PKA signaling pathway and it has been shown in mouse models that PKA activation through genetic ablation of the regulatory subunit Prkar1a can cause FTC. In this review, we provide an overview of the molecular mechanisms contributing to thyroid tumorigenesis associated with inactivation of the RRKAR1A gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Pitsava
- Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institutes of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Constantine A. Stratakis
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Fabio R. Faucz
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-301-451-7177
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15
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Liu Y, Chen J, Xia P, Stratakis CA, Cheng Z. Loss of PKA regulatory subunit 1α aggravates cardiomyocyte necrosis and myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:100850. [PMID: 34087234 PMCID: PMC8233231 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Reperfusion therapy, the standard treatment for acute myocardial infarction, can trigger necrotic death of cardiomyocytes and provoke ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, signaling pathways that regulate cardiomyocyte necrosis remain largely unknown. Our recent genome-wide RNAi screen has identified a potential necrosis suppressor gene PRKAR1A, which encodes PKA regulatory subunit 1α (R1α). R1α is primarily known for regulating PKA activity by sequestering PKA catalytic subunits in the absence of cAMP. Here, we showed that depletion of R1α augmented cardiomyocyte necrosis in vitro and in vivo, resulting in exaggerated myocardial I/R injury and contractile dysfunction. Mechanistically, R1α loss downregulated the Nrf2 antioxidant transcription factor and aggravated oxidative stress following I/R. Degradation of the endogenous Nrf2 inhibitor Keap1 through p62-dependent selective autophagy was blocked by R1α depletion. Phosphorylation of p62 at Ser349 by mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), a critical step in p62-Keap1 interaction, was induced by I/R, but diminished by R1α loss. Activation of PKA by forskolin or isoproterenol almost completely abolished hydrogen-peroxide-induced p62 phosphorylation. In conclusion, R1α loss induces unrestrained PKA activation and impairs the mTORC1-p62-Keap1-Nrf2 antioxidant defense system, leading to aggravated oxidative stress, necrosis, and myocardial I/R injury. Our findings uncover a novel role of PKA in oxidative stress and necrosis, which may be exploited to develop new cardioprotective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuening Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington, USA
| | - Jingrui Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington, USA
| | - Peng Xia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington, USA
| | - Constantine A Stratakis
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Zhaokang Cheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington, USA.
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16
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Liu Y, Xia P, Chen J, Bandettini WP, Kirschner LS, Stratakis CA, Cheng Z. PRKAR1A deficiency impedes hypertrophy and reduces heart size. Physiol Rep 2021; 8:e14405. [PMID: 32212257 PMCID: PMC7093752 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase A (PKA) activity is pivotal for proper functioning of the human heart, and its dysregulation has been implicated in a variety of cardiac pathologies. PKA regulatory subunit 1α (R1α, encoded by the PRKAR1A gene) is highly expressed in the heart, and controls PKA kinase activity by sequestering PKA catalytic subunits. Patients with PRKAR1A mutations are often diagnosed with Carney complex (CNC) in early adulthood, and may die later in life from cardiac complications such as heart failure. However, it remains unknown whether PRKAR1A deficiency interferes with normal heart development. Here, we showed that left ventricular mass was reduced in young CNC patients with PRKAR1A mutations or deletions. Cardiac-specific heterozygous ablation of PRKAR1A in mice increased cardiac PKA activity, and reduced heart weight and cardiomyocyte size without altering contractile function at 3 months of age. Silencing of PRKAR1A, or stimulation with the PKA activator forskolin completely abolished α1-adrenergic receptor-mediated cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Mechanistically, depletion of PRKAR1A provoked PKA-dependent inactivating phosphorylation of Drp1 at S637, leading to impaired mitochondrial fission. Pharmacologic inhibition of Drp1 with Mdivi 1 diminished hypertrophic growth of cardiomyocytes. In conclusion, PRKAR1A deficiency suppresses cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and impedes heart growth, likely through inhibiting Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission. These findings provide a potential novel mechanism for the cardiac manifestations associated with CNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuening Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Peng Xia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Jingrui Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - W Patricia Bandettini
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lawrence S Kirschner
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Constantine A Stratakis
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, NIH-Clinical Research Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zhaokang Cheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
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17
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Leal LF, Szarek E, Berthon A, Nesterova M, Faucz FR, London E, Mercier C, Abu-Asab M, Starost MF, Dye L, Bilinska B, Kotula-Balak M, Antonini SR, Stratakis CA. Pde8b haploinsufficiency in mice is associated with modest adrenal defects, impaired steroidogenesis, and male infertility, unaltered by concurrent PKA or Wnt activation. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 522:111117. [PMID: 33338547 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.111117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PDE8B, PRKAR1A and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling are involved in endocrine disorders. However, how PDEB8B interacts with both Wnt and protein kinase A (PKA) signaling in vivo remains unknown. We created a novel Pde8b knockout mouse line (Pde8b-/-); Pde8b haploinsufficient (Pde8b+/-) mice were then crossed with mice harboring: (1) constitutive beta-catenin activation (Pde8b+/-;ΔCat) and (2) Prkar1a haploinsufficieny (Pde8b+/-;Prkar1a+/-). Adrenals and testes from mice (3-12-mo) were evaluated in addition to plasma corticosterone, aldosterone and Dkk3 concentrations, and the examination of expression of steroidogenesis-, Wnt- and cAMP/PKA-related genes. Pde8b-/- male mice were infertile with down-regulation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway which did not change significantly in the Pde8b+/-;ΔCat mice. Prkar1a haploinsufficiency also did not change the phenotype significantly. In vitro studies showed that PDE8B knockdown upregulated the Wnt pathway and increased proliferation in CTNNB1-mutant cells, whereas it downregulated the Wnt pathway in PRKAR1A-mutant cells. These data support an overall weak, if any, role for PDE8B in adrenocortical tumorigenesis, even when co-altered with Wnt signaling or PKA upregulation; on the other hand, PDE8B appears to play a significant role in male fertility.
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MESH Headings
- 3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases/genetics
- 3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases/metabolism
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/blood
- Adrenal Glands/drug effects
- Adrenal Glands/pathology
- Adrenal Glands/physiopathology
- Aldosterone/blood
- Animals
- Cell Line
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Corticosterone/blood
- Crosses, Genetic
- Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Dexamethasone/pharmacology
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Haploinsufficiency/genetics
- Infertility, Male/blood
- Infertility, Male/genetics
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Phenotype
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Spermatogenesis/drug effects
- Spermatogenesis/genetics
- Steroids/biosynthesis
- Testis/drug effects
- Testis/ultrastructure
- Wnt Proteins/metabolism
- beta Catenin/metabolism
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Ferro Leal
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Program on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics (PDEGEN), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA; Departments of Pediatrics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, 14049-900, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil; Barretos School of Health Sciences, Dr. Paulo Prata - FACISB, Barretos, Brazil
| | - Eva Szarek
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Program on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics (PDEGEN), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Annabel Berthon
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Program on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics (PDEGEN), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Maria Nesterova
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Program on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics (PDEGEN), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Fabio R Faucz
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Program on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics (PDEGEN), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Edra London
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Program on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics (PDEGEN), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Christopher Mercier
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Program on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics (PDEGEN), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Mones Abu-Asab
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Program on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics (PDEGEN), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Matthew F Starost
- National Institutes of Health, Division of Veterinary Resources, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Louis Dye
- Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Microscopy and Imaging Core Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Barbara Bilinska
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa, Krakow, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Kotula-Balak
- University Centre of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Mickiewicza, Krakow, Poland
| | - Sonir R Antonini
- Departments of Pediatrics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, 14049-900, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Constantine A Stratakis
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Program on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics (PDEGEN), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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18
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Amaya JM, Suidgeest E, Sahut-Barnola I, Dumontet T, Montanier N, Pagès G, Keller C, van der Weerd L, Pereira AM, Martinez A, Meijer OC. Effects of Long-Term Endogenous Corticosteroid Exposure on Brain Volume and Glial Cells in the AdKO Mouse. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:604103. [PMID: 33642975 PMCID: PMC7902940 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.604103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure to high circulating levels of glucocorticoids has detrimental effects on health, including metabolic abnormalities, as exemplified in Cushing’s syndrome (CS). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have found volumetric changes in gray and white matter of the brain in CS patients during the course of active disease, but also in remission. In order to explore this further, we performed MRI-based brain volumetric analyses in the AdKO mouse model for CS, which presents its key traits. AdKO mice had reduced relative volumes in several brain regions, including the corpus callosum and cortical areas. The medial amygdala, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, and hypothalamus were increased in relative volume. Furthermore, we found a lower immunoreactivity of myelin basic protein (MBP, an oligodendrocyte marker) in several brain regions but a paradoxically increased MBP signal in the male cingulate cortex. We also observed a decrease in the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP, a marker for reactive astrocytes) and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (IBA1, a marker for activated microglia) in the cingulate regions of the anterior corpus callosum and the hippocampus. We conclude that long-term hypercorticosteronemia induced brain region-specific changes that might include aberrant myelination and a degree of white matter damage, as both repair (GFAP) and immune (IBA1) responses are decreased. These findings suggest a cause for the changes observed in the brains of human patients and serve as a background for further exploration of their subcellular and molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Miguel Amaya
- Department of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Ernst Suidgeest
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Isabelle Sahut-Barnola
- Génétique Reproduction et Développement, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, INSERM, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Typhanie Dumontet
- Génétique Reproduction et Développement, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, INSERM, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nathanaëlle Montanier
- Génétique Reproduction et Développement, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, INSERM, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Guilhem Pagès
- INRAE, AgroResonance, QuaPA UR370, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Cécile Keller
- INRAE, AgroResonance, QuaPA UR370, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Louise van der Weerd
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.,Human Genetics Department, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Alberto M Pereira
- Department of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Antoine Martinez
- INRAE, AgroResonance, QuaPA UR370, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Onno C Meijer
- Department of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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19
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Glioneuronal Hamartomas in the Central Nervous System of Two Goats. J Comp Pathol 2020; 178:10-15. [PMID: 32800102 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two goats (6 months old and 5 years old) were evaluated for neurological signs including laboured breathing, stiffness and obtundation. Solitary masses were noted in the brainstem and spinal cord, respectively. Histopathology of both cases revealed the lesions were composed of a mixture of glial and neuronal cells, consistent with glioneuronal hamartomas. The cause of death was attributed to the mass in the 6-month-old, while the cause of death in the 5-year-old was attributed to listeriosis. Hamartomas of neural origin are rarely described in veterinary species, and this report represents the first report of glioneuronal hamartomas in goats.
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20
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Sussman CR, Wang X, Chebib FT, Torres VE. Modulation of polycystic kidney disease by G-protein coupled receptors and cyclic AMP signaling. Cell Signal 2020; 72:109649. [PMID: 32335259 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) is a systemic disorder associated with polycystic liver disease (PLD) and other extrarenal manifestations, the most common monogenic cause of end-stage kidney disease, and a major burden for public health. Many studies have shown that alterations in G-protein and cAMP signaling play a central role in its pathogenesis. As for many other diseases (35% of all approved drugs target G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) or proteins functioning upstream or downstream from GPCRs), treatments targeting GPCR have shown effectiveness in slowing the rate of progression of ADPKD. Tolvaptan, a vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist is the first drug approved by regulatory agencies to treat rapidly progressive ADPKD. Long-acting somatostatin analogs have also been effective in slowing the rates of growth of polycystic kidneys and liver. Although no treatment has so far been able to prevent the development or stop the progression of the disease, these encouraging advances point to G-protein and cAMP signaling as a promising avenue of investigation that may lead to more effective and safe treatments. This will require a better understanding of the relevant GPCRs, G-proteins, cAMP effectors, and of the enzymes and A-kinase anchoring proteins controlling the compartmentalization of cAMP signaling. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of general GPCR signaling; the function of polycystin-1 (PC1) as a putative atypical adhesion GPCR (aGPCR); the roles of PC1, polycystin-2 (PC2) and the PC1-PC2 complex in the regulation of calcium and cAMP signaling; the cross-talk of calcium and cAMP signaling in PKD; and GPCRs, adenylyl cyclases, cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases, and protein kinase A as therapeutic targets in ADPKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline R Sussman
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Xiaofang Wang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Fouad T Chebib
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Vicente E Torres
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America.
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21
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Rizk-Rabin M, Chaoui-Ibadioune S, Vaczlavik A, Ribes C, Polak M, Ragazzon B, Bertherat J. Link between steroidogenesis, the cell cycle, and PKA in adrenocortical tumor cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 500:110636. [PMID: 31678420 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Adrenocortical tumors (ACTs) frequently cause steroid excess and present cell-cycle dysregulation. cAMP/PKA signaling is involved in steroid synthesis and play a role in cell-cycle regulation. We investigated, by cell synchronization in the different phases of the cell-cycle, the control of steroidogenesis and the contribution of PKA in adrenocortical cells (H295R and culture of primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease cells). Cells showed increased steroidogenesis and a maximal PKA activity at G2 phase, and a reduction at G1 phase. PRKACA overexpression, or cAMP stimulation, enhanced PKA activity and induced steroidogenesis in all synchronized groups but is not sufficient to drive cell-cycle progression. PRKAR1A inactivation enhanced PKA activity and induced STAR gene expression, only in cells in G1, and triggered cell-cycle progression in all groups. These findings provide evidence for a tight association between steroidogenesis and cell-cycle in ACTs. Moreover, PRKAR1A is essential for mediating the function of PKA activity on both steroidogenesis and cell-cycle progression in adrenocortical cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marthe Rizk-Rabin
- Institut Cochin, U1016, CNRS (UMR 8104), Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.
| | | | - Anna Vaczlavik
- Institut Cochin, U1016, CNRS (UMR 8104), Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Christopher Ribes
- Institut Cochin, U1016, CNRS (UMR 8104), Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Michel Polak
- Institut Cochin, U1016, CNRS (UMR 8104), Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France; Hopital Necker Enfants Maladies, Department of Endocrinology, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Ragazzon
- Institut Cochin, U1016, CNRS (UMR 8104), Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Jerôme Bertherat
- Institut Cochin, U1016, CNRS (UMR 8104), Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France; Hôpital Cochin, Department of Endocrinology. Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases, Paris, France
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22
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Presta I, Donato A, Chirchiglia D, Malara N, Donato G. Cardiac myxoma and neural crests: a tense relationship. Cardiovasc Pathol 2019; 44:107163. [PMID: 31760243 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2019.107163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In cardiac myxomas, the malignant transformation process, selecting incidental gene mutations and leading to loss of proliferation control, has not a so drastic effects in terms of growth rate of tumor mass, but frequently the particular location of lesion engrosses the high risk for health. For accurate cancer cell profiling, it is important to establish the embryologic origin of malignant cells and their initial commitments, above all, in the sight of therapeutic strategies and solutions. Here, we advance, for cardiac myxoma, the hypothesis of an origin from cardiac neural crest cells and we attempt to support it by an integrated discussion of current knowledge about embryological characteristics of neural crest cells and most recent studies focusing cardiac myxomas. We discuss the relationship between the basic plasticity of cardiac neural crest cells and some typical mutations arising in neoplastic lesions as well as the expression of typical cell markers of neural crests derivatives. Dysfunctions in proliferative and migratory programs, focused in other studies, are evaluated in the context of the topological and histopathological characteristics of cardiac myxomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Presta
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Annalidia Donato
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Domenico Chirchiglia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Natalia Malara
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Donato
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
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23
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Kari S, Vasko VV, Priya S, Kirschner LS. PKA Activates AMPK Through LKB1 Signaling in Follicular Thyroid Cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:769. [PMID: 31798532 PMCID: PMC6874117 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer affects about one percent of the population, and has seen rising incidence in recent years. Follicular thyroid cancer (FTC) comprises 10-15% of all thyroid cancers. Although FTC is often localized, it can behave aggressively with hematogenous metastasis, leading to an increased risk of cancer death. We previously described a mouse model for FTC caused by tissue-specific ablation of the Protein Kinase A (PKA) regulatory subunit Prkar1a, either by itself or in combination with knockout of Pten. Loss of Prkar1a causes enhanced activity of PKA, whereas ablation of Pten causes activation of Akt signaling. At the molecular level, these genetic manipulations caused activation of mTOR signaling, which was also observed in human FTC cases. To understand the mechanism by which PKA activates mTOR, we began by studying intracellular kinases known to modulate mTOR function. Although AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) has been characterized as a negative regulator of mTOR activity, our tumor model exhibited activation of both AMPK and mTOR. To understand the mechanism by which AMPK was turned on, we next studied kinases known to cause its phosphorylation. In this paper, we report that PKA leads to AMPK activation through the LKB1 kinase. Although LKB1 has traditionally been considered a tumor suppressor, our data indicates that it may have a complex role in the thyroid gland, where its activation appears to be frequently associated with follicular thyroid carcinoma in both mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Kari
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Vasyl V. Vasko
- Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Shivam Priya
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Lawrence S. Kirschner
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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24
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Lu TW, Wu J, Aoto PC, Weng JH, Ahuja LG, Sun N, Cheng CY, Zhang P, Taylor SS. Two PKA RIα holoenzyme states define ATP as an isoform-specific orthosteric inhibitor that competes with the allosteric activator, cAMP. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:16347-16356. [PMID: 31363049 PMCID: PMC6697891 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1906036116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase A (PKA) holoenzyme, comprised of a cAMP-binding regulatory (R)-subunit dimer and 2 catalytic (C)-subunits, is the master switch for cAMP-mediated signaling. Of the 4 R-subunits (RIα, RIβ, RIIα, RIIβ), RIα is most essential for regulating PKA activity in cells. Our 2 RIα2C2 holoenzyme states, which show different conformations with and without ATP, reveal how ATP/Mg2+ functions as a negative orthosteric modulator. Biochemical studies demonstrate how the removal of ATP primes the holoenzyme for cAMP-mediated activation. The opposing competition between ATP/cAMP is unique to RIα. In RIIβ, ATP serves as a substrate and facilitates cAMP-activation. The isoform-specific RI-holoenzyme dimer interface mediated by N3A-N3A' motifs defines multidomain cross-talk and an allosteric network that creates competing roles for ATP and cAMP. Comparisons to the RIIβ holoenzyme demonstrate isoform-specific holoenzyme interfaces and highlights distinct allosteric mechanisms for activation in addition to the structural diversity of the isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsan-Wen Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Phillip C Aoto
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Jui-Hung Weng
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Lalima G Ahuja
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Nicholas Sun
- Department of Biological Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Cecilia Y Cheng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Ping Zhang
- Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Susan S Taylor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093;
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
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25
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Pepe S, Korbonits M, Iacovazzo D. Germline and mosaic mutations causing pituitary tumours: genetic and molecular aspects. J Endocrinol 2019; 240:R21-R45. [PMID: 30530903 DOI: 10.1530/joe-18-0446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
While 95% of pituitary adenomas arise sporadically without a known inheritable predisposing mutation, in about 5% of the cases they can arise in a familial setting, either isolated (familial isolated pituitary adenoma or FIPA) or as part of a syndrome. FIPA is caused, in 15-30% of all kindreds, by inactivating mutations in the AIP gene, encoding a co-chaperone with a vast array of interacting partners and causing most commonly growth hormone excess. While the mechanisms linking AIP with pituitary tumorigenesis have not been fully understood, they are likely to involve several pathways, including the cAMP-dependent protein kinase A pathway via defective G inhibitory protein signalling or altered interaction with phosphodiesterases. The cAMP pathway is also affected by other conditions predisposing to pituitary tumours, including X-linked acrogigantism caused by duplications of the GPR101 gene, encoding an orphan G stimulatory protein-coupled receptor. Activating mosaic mutations in the GNAS gene, coding for the Gα stimulatory protein, cause McCune-Albright syndrome, while inactivating mutations in the regulatory type 1α subunit of protein kinase A represent the most frequent genetic cause of Carney complex, a syndromic condition with multi-organ manifestations also involving the pituitary gland. In this review, we discuss the genetic and molecular aspects of isolated and syndromic familial pituitary adenomas due to germline or mosaic mutations, including those secondary to AIP and GPR101 mutations, multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 and 4, Carney complex, McCune-Albright syndrome, DICER1 syndrome and mutations in the SDHx genes underlying the association of familial paragangliomas and phaeochromocytomas with pituitary adenomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pepe
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Márta Korbonits
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Donato Iacovazzo
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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26
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Cuello F, Eaton P. Cysteine-Based Redox Sensing and Its Role in Signaling by Cyclic Nucleotide-Dependent Kinases in the Cardiovascular System. Annu Rev Physiol 2018; 81:63-87. [PMID: 30216743 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-020518-114417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Oxidant molecules are produced in biological systems and historically have been considered causal mediators of damage and disease. While oxidants may contribute to the pathogenesis of disease, evidence continues to emerge that shows these species also play important regulatory roles in health. A major mechanism of oxidant sensing and signaling involves their reaction with reactive cysteine thiols within proteins, inducing oxidative posttranslational modifications that can couple to altered function to enable homeostatic regulation. Protein kinase A and protein kinase G are regulated by oxidants in this way, and this review focuses on our molecular-level understanding of these events and their role in regulating cardiovascular physiology during health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Cuello
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - Philip Eaton
- King's College London, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, The British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, The Rayne Institute, St. Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom;
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27
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Anxiety-like behavior and other consequences of early life stress in mice with increased protein kinase A activity. Behav Brain Res 2018; 348:22-30. [PMID: 29625227 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety disorders are associated with abnormalities in fear-learning and bias to threat; early life experiences are influential to the development of an anxiety-like phenotype in adulthood. We recently reported that adult mice (Prkar1a+/-) with haploinsufficiency for the main regulatory subunit of the protein kinase A (PKA) exhibit an anxiety-like phenotype associated with increased PKA activity in the amygdala. PKA is the main effector of cyclic adenosine mono-phosphate signaling, a key pathway involved in the regulation of fear learning. Since anxiety has developmental and genetic components, we sought to examine the interaction of a genetic defect associated with anxiety phenotype and early life experiences. We investigated the effects of neonatal maternal separation or tactile stimulation on measures of behavior typical to adolescence as well as developmental changes in the behavioral phenotype between adolescent and adult wild-type (WT) and Prkar1a+/- mice. Our results showed developmental differences in assays of anxiety and novelty behavior for both genotypes. Adolescent mice showed increased exploratory and novelty seeking behavior compared to adult counterparts. However, early life experiences modulated behavior in adolescent WT differently than in adolescent Prkar1a+/- mice. Adolescent WT mice exposed to early life tactile stimulation showed attenuation of anxiety-like behavior, whereas an increase in exploratory behavior was found in Prkar1a+/- adolescent mice. The finding of behavioral differences that are apparent during adolescence in Prkar1a+/- mice suggests that long-term exposure of the brain to increased PKA activity during critical developmental periods contributes to the anxiety-like phenotype noted in the adult animals with increased PKA activity.
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28
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Zheng H, Xu J, Hao S, Liu X, Ning J, Song X, Jiang L, Liu Z. Expression of BANCR promotes papillary thyroid cancer by targeting thyroid stimulating hormone receptor. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:2009-2015. [PMID: 30034553 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common form of non-medullary thyroid cancer, accounting for ~80% of all cases of thyroid cancer. The aim of the present study was to explore the role of BRAF-activated long noncoding RNA (BANCR) in the development of PTC. Using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), the mRNA expression levels of BANCR, thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) and cyclin D1 between PTC and benign control thyroid nodule tissue samples from 60 patients were determined. Using RT-qPCR and western blot analysis, the expression levels of TSHR and cyclin D1 mRNA and protein were determined in cells transfected with BANCR-small interfering (si)RNA. An MTT assay and flow cytometry were used to analyze the effect of BANCR knockdown on the proliferation and cell cycle distribution of IHH-4 PTC cells. The expression of BANCR, TSHR and cyclin D1 was increased in the PTC group compared with the control group based on the RT-qPCR data. The transfection of IHH-4 cells with BANCR-siRNA induced the inhibition of TSHR and cyclin D1 expression compared with a transfection control. In addition, the proliferation of the IHH-4 cells transfected with BANCR-siRNA was suppressed, relative to the transfection control, and cells arrested in the G0/G1 phase, potentially due to the inhibition of the expression of cyclin D1. The data suggested that the expression of BANCR may promote the development of malignant thyroid nodules via the modulation of TSHR expression and its downstream effector, cyclin D1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Zheng
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shangdong 264099, P.R. China
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shangdong 264099, P.R. China
| | - Shaolong Hao
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shangdong 264099, P.R. China
| | - Xincheng Liu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shangdong 264099, P.R. China
| | - Jinrao Ning
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shangdong 264099, P.R. China
| | - Xicheng Song
- Department of Ear, Nose and Throat & Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shangdong 264099, P.R. China
| | - Lixin Jiang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shangdong 264099, P.R. China
| | - Zongying Liu
- Department of Laboratory, People's Hospital of Pingyi County, Pingyi, Shangdong 273399, P.R. China
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29
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Karaca A, Malladi VR, Zhu Y, Tafaj O, Paltrinieri E, Wu JY, He Q, Bastepe M. Constitutive stimulatory G protein activity in limb mesenchyme impairs bone growth. Bone 2018; 110:230-237. [PMID: 29471062 PMCID: PMC5878747 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
GNAS mutations leading to constitutively active stimulatory G protein alpha-subunit (Gsα) cause different tumors, fibrous dysplasia of bone, and McCune-Albright syndrome, which are typically not associated with short stature. Enhanced signaling of the parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor, which couples to multiple G proteins including Gsα, leads to short bones with delayed endochondral ossification. It has remained unknown whether constitutive Gsα activity also impairs bone growth. Here we generated mice expressing a constitutively active Gsα mutant (Gsα-R201H) conditionally upon Cre recombinase (cGsαR201H mice). Gsα-R201H was expressed in cultured bone marrow stromal cells from cGsαR201H mice upon adenoviral-Cre transduction. When crossed with mice in which Cre is expressed in a tamoxifen-regulatable fashion (CAGGCre-ER™), tamoxifen injection resulted in mosaic expression of the transgene in double mutant offspring. We then crossed the cGsαR201H mice with Prx1-Cre mice, in which Cre is expressed in early limb-bud mesenchyme. The double mutant offspring displayed short limbs at birth, with narrow hypertrophic chondrocyte zones in growth plates and delayed formation of secondary ossification center. Consistent with enhanced Gsα signaling, bone marrow stromal cells from these mice demonstrated increased levels of c-fos mRNA. Our findings indicate that constitutive Gsα activity during limb development disrupts endochondral ossification and bone growth. Given that Gsα haploinsufficiency also leads to short bones, as in patients with Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy, these results suggest that a tight control of Gsα activity is essential for normal growth plate physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anara Karaca
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Vijayram Reddy Malladi
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Yan Zhu
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Olta Tafaj
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Elena Paltrinieri
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Joy Y Wu
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Qing He
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Murat Bastepe
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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30
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Dumontet T, Sahut-Barnola I, Septier A, Montanier N, Plotton I, Roucher-Boulez F, Ducros V, Lefrançois-Martinez AM, Pointud JC, Zubair M, Morohashi KI, Breault DT, Val P, Martinez A. PKA signaling drives reticularis differentiation and sexually dimorphic adrenal cortex renewal. JCI Insight 2018; 3:98394. [PMID: 29367455 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.98394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The adrenal cortex undergoes remodeling during fetal and postnatal life. How zona reticularis emerges in the postnatal gland to support adrenarche, a process whereby higher primates increase prepubertal androgen secretion, is unknown. Using cell-fate mapping and gene deletion studies in mice, we show that activation of PKA has no effect on the fetal cortex, while it accelerates regeneration of the adult cortex, triggers zona fasciculata differentiation that is subsequently converted into a functional reticularis-like zone, and drives hypersecretion syndromes. Remarkably, PKA effects are influenced by sex. Indeed, testicular androgens increase WNT signaling that antagonizes PKA, leading to slower adrenocortical cell turnover and delayed phenotype whereas gonadectomy sensitizes males to hypercorticism and reticularis-like formation. Thus, reticularis results from ultimate centripetal conversion of adult cortex under the combined effects of PKA and cell turnover that dictate organ size. We show that PKA-induced progenitor recruitment is sexually dimorphic and may provide a paradigm for overrepresentation of women in adrenal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Typhanie Dumontet
- GReD, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, INSERM, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Amandine Septier
- GReD, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, INSERM, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Ingrid Plotton
- Molecular Endocrinology and Rare Diseases, University Hospital, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Bron, France
| | - Florence Roucher-Boulez
- Molecular Endocrinology and Rare Diseases, University Hospital, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Bron, France
| | - Véronique Ducros
- Unit of Hormone and Nutrition, Department of Biochemistry, Toxicology and Pharmacology, University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | | | | | - Mohamad Zubair
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichirou Morohashi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - David T Breault
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Pierre Val
- GReD, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, INSERM, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Antoine Martinez
- GReD, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, INSERM, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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31
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Ye H, Wang X, Constans MM, Sussman CR, Chebib FT, Irazabal MV, Young WF, Harris PC, Kirschner LS, Torres VE. The regulatory 1α subunit of protein kinase A modulates renal cystogenesis. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2017; 313:F677-F686. [PMID: 28615245 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00119.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The failure of the polycystins (PCs) to function in primary cilia is thought to be responsible for autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Primary cilia integrate multiple cellular signaling pathways, including calcium, cAMP, Wnt, and Hedgehog, which control cell proliferation and differentiation. It has been proposed that mutated PCs result in reduced intracellular calcium, which in turn upregulates cAMP, protein kinase A (PKA) signaling, and subsequently other proliferative signaling pathways. However, the role of PKA in ADPKD has not been directly ascertained in vivo, although the expression of the main regulatory subunit of PKA in cilia and other compartments (PKA-RIα, encoded by PRKAR1A) is increased in a mouse model orthologous to ADPKD. Therefore, we generated a kidney-specific knockout of Prkar1a to examine the consequences of constitutive upregulation of PKA on wild-type and Pkd1 hypomorphic (Pkd1RC) backgrounds. Kidney-specific loss of Prkar1a induced renal cystic disease and markedly aggravated cystogenesis in the Pkd1RC models. In both settings, it was accompanied by upregulation of Src, Ras, MAPK/ERK, mTOR, CREB, STAT3, Pax2 and Wnt signaling. On the other hand, Gli3 repressor activity was enhanced, possibly contributing to hydronephrosis and impaired glomerulogenesis in some animals. To assess the relevance of these observations in humans we looked for and found evidence for kidney and liver cystic phenotypes in the Carney complex, a tumoral syndrome caused by mutations in PRKAR1A These observations expand our understanding of the pathogenesis of ADPKD and demonstrate the importance of PRKAR1A highlighting PKA as a therapeutic target in ADPKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Ye
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester Minnesota; and
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32
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Penny MK, Finco I, Hammer GD. Cell signaling pathways in the adrenal cortex: Links to stem/progenitor biology and neoplasia. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 445:42-54. [PMID: 27940298 PMCID: PMC5508551 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The adrenal cortex is a dynamic tissue responsible for the synthesis of steroid hormones, including mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, and androgens in humans. Advances have been made in understanding the role of adrenocortical stem/progenitor cell populations in cortex homeostasis and self-renewal. Recently, large molecular profiling studies of adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) have given insights into proteins and signaling pathways involved in normal tissue homeostasis that become dysregulated in cancer. These data provide an impetus to examine the cellular pathways implicated in adrenocortical disease and study connections, or lack thereof, between adrenal homeostasis and tumorigenesis, with a particular focus on stem and progenitor cell pathways. In this review, we discuss evidence for stem/progenitor cells in the adrenal cortex, proteins and signaling pathways that may regulate these cells, and the role these proteins play in pathologic and neoplastic conditions. In turn, we also examine common perturbations in adrenocortical tumors (ACT) and how these proteins and pathways may be involved in adrenal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan K Penny
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Isabella Finco
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Gary D Hammer
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Endocrine Oncology Program, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Health System, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, 1528 BSRB, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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33
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Saloustros E, Liu S, Mertz EL, Bhattacharyya N, Starost MF, Salpea P, Nesterova M, Collins M, Leikin S, Stratakis CA. Celecoxib treatment of fibrous dysplasia (FD) in a human FD cell line and FD-like lesions in mice with protein kinase A (PKA) defects. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 439:165-174. [PMID: 27498419 PMCID: PMC5123938 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Osteochondromyxomas (OMX) in the context of Carney complex (CNC) and fibrous dysplasia (FD)-like lesions (FDLL) in mice, as well as isolated myxomas in humans may be caused by inactivation of PRKAR1A, the gene coding for the type 1a regulatory subunit (R1α) of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA). OMXs and FDLL in mice lacking Prkar1a grow from abnormal proliferation of adult bone stromal cells (aBSCs). Prkar1a and Prkaca (coding for Cα) haploinsufficiency leads to COX2 activation and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production that, in turn, activates proliferation of aBSCs. Celecoxib is a cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) inhibitor. We hypothesized that COX-2 inhibition may have an effect in FD and FDLL. In vitro treatment of a human cell line prepared from a FD patient with Celecoxib resulted in decreased PGE2 and cell proliferation. Treatment of mice haploinsufficient for R1α and Cα with 1500 mg/kg Celecoxib led to decreased PGE2 and proliferation and increased apoptosis, with a corresponding gene expression profile, resulting in dramatic reduction of tumor growth. Furthermore, the treatment improved the organization of cortical bone that was adjacent to the tumor. We conclude that, in vitro and in vivo, Celecoxib had an inhibitory effect on FD cell proliferation and in mouse FDLL structure, respectively. We speculate that COX-2 inhibitors offer an attractive alternative to current treatments for benign tumors such as OMX and FD that, apart from tumor suppression, may mechanically stabilize affected bones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouil Saloustros
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics (SEGEN), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sisi Liu
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics (SEGEN), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Edward L Mertz
- Section on Physical Biochemistry, Office of the Scientific Director, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nisan Bhattacharyya
- Craniofacial and Skeletal Diseases Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Matthew F Starost
- Office of Research Services (ORS), Division of Veterinary Resources (DVR), Office of the Director (OD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Paraskevi Salpea
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics (SEGEN), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Maria Nesterova
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics (SEGEN), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michael Collins
- Craniofacial and Skeletal Diseases Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sergey Leikin
- Section on Physical Biochemistry, Office of the Scientific Director, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Constantine A Stratakis
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics (SEGEN), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Saloustros E, Salpea P, Starost M, Liu S, Faucz FR, London E, Szarek E, Song WJ, Hussain M, Stratakis CA. Prkar1a gene knockout in the pancreas leads to neuroendocrine tumorigenesis. Endocr Relat Cancer 2017; 24:31-40. [PMID: 27803029 PMCID: PMC5123945 DOI: 10.1530/erc-16-0443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Carney complex (CNC) is a rare disease associated with multiple neoplasias, including a predisposition to pancreatic tumors; it is caused most frequently by the inactivation of the PRKAR1A gene, a regulator of the cyclic AMP (cAMP)-dependent kinase (PKA). The method used was to create null alleles of prkar1a in mouse cells expressing pdx1 (Δ-Prkar1a). We found that these mice developed endocrine or mixed endocrine/acinar cell carcinomas with 100% penetrance by the age of 4-5 months. Malignant behavior of the tumors was seen as evidenced by stromal invasion and metastasis to locoregional lymph nodes. Histologically, most tumors exhibited an organoid pattern as seen in the islet-cell tumors. Biochemically, the lesions exhibited high PKA activity, as one would expect from deleting prkar1a The primary neuroendocrine nature of these tumor cells was confirmed by immunohistochemical staining and electron microscopy, the latter revealing the characteristic granules. Although the Δ-Prkar1a mice developed hypoglycemia after overnight fasting, insulin and glucagon levels in the plasma were normal. Negative immunohistochemical staining for the most commonly produced peptides (insulin, c-peptide, glucagon, gastrin and somatostatin) suggested that these tumors were non-functioning. We hypothesize that the recently identified multipotent pdx1+/insulin- cell in adult pancreas, gives rise to endocrine or mixed endocrine/acinar pancreatic malignancies with complete prkar1a deficiency. In conclusion, this mouse model supports the role of prkar1a as a tumor suppressor gene in the pancreas and points to the PKA pathway as a possible therapeutic target for these lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouil Saloustros
- Section on Endocrinology and GeneticsProgram on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics (PDEGEN) & Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Paraskevi Salpea
- Section on Endocrinology and GeneticsProgram on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics (PDEGEN) & Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Matthew Starost
- Diagnostic and Research Services BranchDivision of Veterinary Resources (DVR), Office of Research Services (ORS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sissi Liu
- Section on Endocrinology and GeneticsProgram on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics (PDEGEN) & Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Fabio R Faucz
- Section on Endocrinology and GeneticsProgram on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics (PDEGEN) & Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Edra London
- Section on Endocrinology and GeneticsProgram on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics (PDEGEN) & Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Eva Szarek
- Section on Endocrinology and GeneticsProgram on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics (PDEGEN) & Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Woo-Jin Song
- Department of PediatricsMetabolism Division, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mehboob Hussain
- Department of PediatricsMetabolism Division, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Constantine A Stratakis
- Section on Endocrinology and GeneticsProgram on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics (PDEGEN) & Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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35
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Jedidi H, Rostomyan L, Potorac L, Depierreux-Lahaye F, Petrossians P, Beckers A. Advances in diagnosis and management of familial pituitary adenomas. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINE ONCOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.2217/ije-2016-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial pituitary adenomas account for approximately 5–8% of all pituitary adenomas. Besides the adenomas occurring as part of syndromic entities that group several endocrine or nonendocrine disorders (multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or 4, Carney complex and McCune–Albright syndrome), 2–3% of familial pituitary adenomas fit into the familial isolated pituitary adenomas (FIPA) syndrome, an autosomal dominant condition with incomplete penetrance. About 20% of FIPA cases are due to mutations in the AIP gene and have distinct clinical characteristics. Recent findings have isolated a new non-AIP FIPA syndrome called X-linked acrogigantism, resulting from a microduplication that always includes the GPR101 gene. These new advances in the field of pituitary disease are opening up a new challenging domain to both clinicians and researchers. This review will focus on these recent findings and their contribution to the diagnosis and the management of familial pituitary adenomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haroun Jedidi
- Neurology Department, CHU of Liège, 1 Avenue de l'hopital, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Liliya Rostomyan
- Endocrinology Department, CHU of Liège, 1 Avenue de l'hopital, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - lulia Potorac
- Endocrinology Department, CHU of Liège, 1 Avenue de l'hopital, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Patrick Petrossians
- Endocrinology Department, CHU of Liège, 1 Avenue de l'hopital, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Albert Beckers
- Endocrinology Department, CHU of Liège, 1 Avenue de l'hopital, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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36
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Ihara T, Hosokawa Y, Kumazawa K, Ishikawa K, Fujimoto J, Yamamoto M, Muramkami T, Goshima N, Ito E, Watanabe S, Semba K. An in vivo screening system to identify tumorigenic genes. Oncogene 2016; 36:2023-2029. [PMID: 27694896 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Screening for oncogenes has mostly been performed by in vitro transformation assays. However, some oncogenes might not exhibit their transforming activities in vitro unless putative essential factors from in vivo microenvironments are adequately supplied. Here, we have developed an in vivo screening system that evaluates the tumorigenicity of target genes. This system uses a retroviral high-efficiency gene transfer technique, a large collection of human cDNA clones corresponding to ~70% of human genes and a luciferase-expressing immortalized mouse mammary epithelial cell line (NMuMG-luc). From 845 genes that were highly expressed in human breast cancer cell lines, we focused on 205 genes encoding membrane proteins and/or kinases as that had the greater possibility of being oncogenes or drug targets. The 205 genes were divided into five subgroups, each containing 34-43 genes, and then introduced them into NMuMG-luc cells. These cells were subcutaneously injected into nude mice and monitored for tumor development by in vivo imaging. Tumors were observed in three subgroups. Using DNA microarray analyses and individual tumorigenic assays, we found that three genes, ADORA2B, PRKACB and LPAR3, were tumorigenic. ADORA2B and LPAR3 encode G-protein-coupled receptors and PRKACB encodes a protein kinase A catalytic subunit. Cells overexpressing ADORA2B, LPAR3 or PRKACB did not show transforming phenotypes in vitro, suggesting that transformation by these genes requires in vivo microenvironments. In addition, several clinical data sets, including one for breast cancer, showed that the expression of these genes correlated with lower overall survival rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ihara
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Hosokawa
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Kumazawa
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Ishikawa
- Japan Biological Informatics Consortium (JBiC), Tokyo, Japan
| | - J Fujimoto
- Japan Biological Informatics Consortium (JBiC), Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Yamamoto
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Muramkami
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Takasaki, Japan
| | - N Goshima
- Quantitative Proteomics Team, Molecular Profiling Research Center for Drug Discovery (molprof), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Transcriptome Analysis, Fukushima, Japan
| | - E Ito
- Division of Gene Expression Analysis, Fukushima, Japan
| | - S Watanabe
- Division of Gene Expression Analysis, Fukushima, Japan
| | - K Semba
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of gene function analysis, Translational Research Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
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37
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Chen Y, Di Grappa MA, Molyneux SD, McKee TD, Waterhouse P, Penninger JM, Khokha R. RANKL blockade prevents and treats aggressive osteosarcomas. Sci Transl Med 2016; 7:317ra197. [PMID: 26659571 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aad0295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary bone cancer, which occurs primarily in children and adolescents, severely affecting survivors' quality of life. Despite its chemosensitivity and treatment advances, long-term survival rates for OS patients have stagnated over the last 20 years. Thus, it is necessary to develop new molecularly targeted therapies for this metastatic bone cancer. Mutations in TP53 and RB are linked to OS predisposition and to the evolution of spontaneous OS. We established receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) as a therapeutic target for suppression and prevention of OS. Combined conditional osteoblast-specific deletions of Rb, p53, and the protein kinase A (PKA) regulatory subunit Prkar1α genes in genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) generate aggressive osteosarcomas, characterized by PKA, RANKL, and osteoclast hyperactivity. Whole-body Rankl deletion completely abrogates tumorigenesis. Although osteoblastic Rank deletion has little effect, osteoclastic Rank deletion delays tumorigenesis and prolongs life span. The latter is associated with inactivation of osteoclastogenesis and up-regulation of the tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN). Further, we use these GEMMs as preclinical platforms to show that RANKL blockade with RANK-Fc arrests tumor progression and improves survival and also inhibits lung metastasis. Moreover, preemptive administration of RANK-Fc completely prevents tumorigenesis in mice highly predisposed to this aggressive cancer. Denosumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody against RANKL, is currently used to treat patients with osteoporosis or bone metastases. Our studies provide a strong rationale to consider RANKL blockade for the treatment and prevention of aggressive RANKL-overexpressing OS in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Marco A Di Grappa
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Sam D Molyneux
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Trevor D McKee
- Spatio-Temporal Targeting and Amplification of Radiation Response (STTARR) Program, University Health Network, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Paul Waterhouse
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Josef M Penninger
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rama Khokha
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada.
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Drelon C, Berthon A, Sahut-Barnola I, Mathieu M, Dumontet T, Rodriguez S, Batisse-Lignier M, Tabbal H, Tauveron I, Lefrançois-Martinez AM, Pointud JC, Gomez-Sanchez CE, Vainio S, Shan J, Sacco S, Schedl A, Stratakis CA, Martinez A, Val P. PKA inhibits WNT signalling in adrenal cortex zonation and prevents malignant tumour development. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12751. [PMID: 27624192 PMCID: PMC5027289 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Adrenal cortex physiology relies on functional zonation, essential for production of aldosterone by outer zona glomerulosa (ZG) and glucocorticoids by inner zona fasciculata (ZF). The cortex undergoes constant cell renewal, involving recruitment of subcapsular progenitors to ZG fate and subsequent lineage conversion to ZF identity. Here we show that WNT4 is an important driver of WNT pathway activation and subsequent ZG differentiation and demonstrate that PKA activation prevents ZG differentiation through WNT4 repression and WNT pathway inhibition. This suggests that PKA activation in ZF is a key driver of WNT inhibition and lineage conversion. Furthermore, we provide evidence that constitutive PKA activation inhibits, whereas partial inactivation of PKA catalytic activity stimulates β-catenin-induced tumorigenesis. Together, both lower PKA activity and higher WNT pathway activity lead to poorer prognosis in adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) patients. These observations suggest that PKA acts as a tumour suppressor in the adrenal cortex, through repression of WNT signalling. The adrenal cortex undergoes functional zonation to generate an outer zona glomerulosa (ZG) and inner zona fasciculata (ZF), but how this is regulated at a molecular level is unclear. Here, the authors show that ZG differentiation is stimulated by WNT signalling and that PKA blocks WNT signalling to allow ZF differentiation and also prevents WNT-induced cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coralie Drelon
- CNRS, UMR 6293, GReD, Inserm U1103, Clermont Université, F-63171 Aubière Cedex, France
| | - Annabel Berthon
- CNRS, UMR 6293, GReD, Inserm U1103, Clermont Université, F-63171 Aubière Cedex, France.,Developmental Endocrine Oncology and Genetics, Section on Genetics and Endocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1103, USA
| | | | - Mickaël Mathieu
- CNRS, UMR 6293, GReD, Inserm U1103, Clermont Université, F-63171 Aubière Cedex, France
| | - Typhanie Dumontet
- CNRS, UMR 6293, GReD, Inserm U1103, Clermont Université, F-63171 Aubière Cedex, France
| | - Stéphanie Rodriguez
- CNRS, UMR 6293, GReD, Inserm U1103, Clermont Université, F-63171 Aubière Cedex, France
| | - Marie Batisse-Lignier
- CNRS, UMR 6293, GReD, Inserm U1103, Clermont Université, F-63171 Aubière Cedex, France.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Service d'Endocrinologie, Faculté de Médecine, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Houda Tabbal
- CNRS, UMR 6293, GReD, Inserm U1103, Clermont Université, F-63171 Aubière Cedex, France
| | - Igor Tauveron
- CNRS, UMR 6293, GReD, Inserm U1103, Clermont Université, F-63171 Aubière Cedex, France.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Service d'Endocrinologie, Faculté de Médecine, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | | | - Celso E Gomez-Sanchez
- Division of Endocrinology, G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery VA Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216, USA.,Department of Medicine-Endocrinology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216, USA
| | - Seppo Vainio
- Biocenter Oulu, Laboratory of Developmental Biology, InfoTech Oulu, Center for cell Matrix Research, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - Jingdong Shan
- Biocenter Oulu, Laboratory of Developmental Biology, InfoTech Oulu, Center for cell Matrix Research, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - Sonia Sacco
- Inserm UMR1091, CNRS UMR 7277, Institute of Biology Valrose, F-06108 Nice, France
| | - Andreas Schedl
- Inserm UMR1091, CNRS UMR 7277, Institute of Biology Valrose, F-06108 Nice, France
| | - Constantine A Stratakis
- Developmental Endocrine Oncology and Genetics, Section on Genetics and Endocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1103, USA
| | - Antoine Martinez
- CNRS, UMR 6293, GReD, Inserm U1103, Clermont Université, F-63171 Aubière Cedex, France
| | - Pierre Val
- CNRS, UMR 6293, GReD, Inserm U1103, Clermont Université, F-63171 Aubière Cedex, France
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Abstract
Carney complex is a familial lentiginosis syndrome; these disorders cover a wide phenotypic spectrum ranging from a benign inherited predisposition to develop cutaneous spots not associated with systemic disease to associations with several syndromes. Carney complex is caused by PRKAR1A mutations and perturbations of the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) signaling pathway. In addition to the cutaneous findings, the main tumors associated with Carney complex are endocrine: 1) primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease, a bilateral adrenal hyperplasia leading to Cushing syndrome; 2) growth-hormone secreting pituitary adenoma or pituitary somatotropic hyperplasia leading to acromegaly; 3) thyroid and gonadal tumors, including a predisposition to thyroid cancer. Other tumors associated with Carney complex include: 1) myxomas of the heart, breast and other sites; 2) psamommatous melanotic schwannomas which can become malignant; 4) a predisposition to a variety of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantine A Stratakis
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room East 1330, CRC, 10 Center Dr. MSC1862, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1862, USA.
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40
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Bandettini WP, Karageorgiadis AS, Sinaii N, Rosing DR, Sachdev V, Schernthaner-Reiter MH, Gourgari E, Papadakis GZ, Keil MF, Lyssikatos C, Carney JA, Arai AE, Lodish M, Stratakis CA. Growth hormone and risk for cardiac tumors in Carney complex. Endocr Relat Cancer 2016; 23:739-46. [PMID: 27535175 PMCID: PMC4991637 DOI: 10.1530/erc-16-0246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Carney complex (CNC) is a multiple neoplasia syndrome that is caused mostly by PRKAR1A mutations. Cardiac myxomas are the leading cause of mortality in CNC patients who, in addition, often develop growth hormone (GH) excess. We studied patients with CNC, who were observed for over a period of 20 years (1995-2015) for the development of both GH excess and cardiac myxomas. GH secretion was evaluated by standard testing; dedicated cardiovascular imaging was used to detect cardiac abnormalities. Four excised cardiac myxomas were tested for the expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). A total of 99 CNC patients (97 with a PRKAR1A mutation) were included in the study with a mean age of 25.8 ± 16.6 years at presentation. Over an observed mean follow-up of 25.8 years, 60% of patients with GH excess (n = 46) developed a cardiac myxoma compared with only 36% of those without GH excess (n = 54) (P = 0.016). Overall, patients with GH excess were also more likely to have a tumor vs those with normal GH secretion (OR: 2.78, 95% CI: 1.23-6.29; P = 0.014). IGF-1 mRNA and protein were higher in CNC myxomas than in normal heart tissue. We conclude that the development of cardiac myxomas in CNC may be associated with increased GH secretion, in a manner analogous to the association between fibrous dysplasia and GH excess in McCune-Albright syndrome, a condition similar to CNC. We speculate that treatment of GH excess in patients with CNC may reduce the likelihood of cardiac myxoma formation and/or recurrence of this tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Patricia Bandettini
- National HeartLung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Alexander S Karageorgiadis
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA Department of PediatricsGeorgetown University Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Ninet Sinaii
- Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology ServiceClinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Douglas R Rosing
- National HeartLung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Vandana Sachdev
- National HeartLung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Evgenia Gourgari
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA Department of PediatricsGeorgetown University Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Georgios Z Papadakis
- Department of Radiology and Imaging SciencesClinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Meg F Keil
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Charalampos Lyssikatos
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - J Aidan Carney
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyMayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Andrew E Arai
- National HeartLung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Maya Lodish
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Constantine A Stratakis
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Riggle KM, Turnham R, Scott JD, Yeung RS, Riehle KJ. Fibrolamellar Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Mechanistic Distinction From Adult Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2016; 63:1163-7. [PMID: 26990031 PMCID: PMC4877189 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.25970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma (FL-HCC) has historically been classified as a rare subtype of HCC. However, unlike "classic" HCC, it occurs in children and young adults without underlying liver disease. The recent discovery of a deletion mutation in all FL-HCCs represented a major advancement in understanding the pathogenesis of this disease. This deletion results in the fusion of the genes encoding a heat shock protein (DNAJB1) and the catalytic subunit of protein kinase A (PKA, PRKACA), and overexpression of PRKACA and enhanced cAMP-dependent PKA activity. This review summarizes recent advancements in FL-HCC pathogenesis and characteristics of the HSP40-PKA C protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M. Riggle
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashington,Division of General and Thoracic SurgerySeattle Children's HospitalSeattleWashington
| | - Rigney Turnham
- Howard Hughes Medical InstituteUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashington,Department of PharmacologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashington
| | - John D. Scott
- Howard Hughes Medical InstituteUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashington,Department of PharmacologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashington
| | - Raymond S. Yeung
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashington,Northwest Liver Research ProgramUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashington
| | - Kimberly J. Riehle
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashington,Division of General and Thoracic SurgerySeattle Children's HospitalSeattleWashington,Northwest Liver Research ProgramUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashington,Department of PathologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashington
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A siRNA screen reveals the prosurvival effect of protein kinase A activation in conditions of unresolved endoplasmic reticulum stress. Cell Death Differ 2016; 23:1670-80. [PMID: 27341185 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2016.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has a crucial role in the proper folding of proteins that are synthesized in the secretory pathway. Physiological and pathological conditions can induce accumulation of mis- or unfolded proteins in the ER lumen and thereby generate a state of cellular stress known as ER stress. The unfolded protein response aims at restoring protein-folding homeostasis, but turns into a toxic signal when ER stress is too severe or prolonged. ER stress-induced cellular dysfunction and death is associated with several human diseases, but the molecular mechanisms regulating death under unresolved ER stress are still unclear. We performed a siRNA-based screen to identify new regulators of ER stress-induced death and found that repression of the Carney complex-associated protein PRKAR1A specifically protected the cells from ER stress-induced apoptosis, and not from apoptosis induced by etoposide or TNF. We demonstrate that the protection results from PKA activation and associate it, at least in part, with the phosphorylation-mediated inhibition of the PKA substrate Drp1 (dynamin-related protein 1). Our results therefore provide new information on the complex regulation of cellular death under ER stress conditions and bring new insights on the conditions that regulate the pro- versus anti-death functions of PKA.
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43
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He L, Chang E, Peng J, An H, McMillin SM, Radovick S, Stratakis CA, Wondisford FE. Activation of the cAMP-PKA pathway Antagonizes Metformin Suppression of Hepatic Glucose Production. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:10562-70. [PMID: 27002150 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.719666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin is the most commonly prescribed oral anti-diabetic agent worldwide. Surprisingly, about 35% of diabetic patients either lack or have a delayed response to metformin treatment, and many patients become less responsive to metformin over time. It remains unknown how metformin resistance or insensitivity occurs. Recently, we found that therapeutic metformin concentrations suppressed glucose production in primary hepatocytes through AMPK; activation of the cAMP-PKA pathway negatively regulates AMPK activity by phosphorylating AMPKα subunit at Ser-485, which in turn reduces AMPK activity. In this study, we find that metformin failed to suppress glucose production in primary hepatocytes with constitutively activated PKA and did not improve hyperglycemia in mice with hyperglucagonemia. Expression of the AMPKα1(S485A) mutant, which is unable to be phosphorylated by PKA, increased both AMPKα activation and the suppression of glucose production in primary hepatocytes treated with metformin. Intriguingly, salicylate/aspirin prevents the phosphorylation of AMPKα at Ser-485, blocks cAMP-PKA negative regulation of AMPK, and improves metformin resistance. We propose that aspirin/salicylate may augment metformin's hepatic action to suppress glucose production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling He
- From the Division of Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287,
| | - Evan Chang
- From the Division of Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287
| | - Jinghua Peng
- From the Division of Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287
| | - Hongying An
- From the Division of Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287
| | | | - Sally Radovick
- Pediatrics, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, and
| | - Constantine A Stratakis
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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Briassoulis G, Keil MF, Naved B, Liu S, Starost MF, Nesterova M, Gokarn N, Batistatos A, Wu TJ, Stratakis CA. Studies of mice with cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) defects reveal the critical role of PKA's catalytic subunits in anxiety. Behav Brain Res 2016; 307:1-10. [PMID: 26992826 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic adenosine mono-phosphate-dependent protein kinase (PKA) is critically involved in the regulation of behavioral responses. Previous studies showed that PKA's main regulatory subunit, R1α, is involved in anxiety-like behaviors. The purpose of this study was to determine how the catalytic subunit, Cα, might affect R1α's function and determine its effects on anxiety-related behaviors. The marble bury (MB) and elevated plus maze (EPM) tests were used to assess anxiety-like behavior and the hotplate test to assess nociception in wild type (WT) mouse, a Prkar1a heterozygote (Prkar1a(+/-)) mouse with haploinsufficiency for the regulatory subunit (R1α), a Prkaca heterozygote (Prkaca(+/-)) mouse with haploinsufficiency for the catalytic subunit (Cα), and a double heterozygote mouse (Prkar1a(+/-)/Prkaca(+/-)) with haploinsufficiency for both R1α and Cα. We then examined specific brain nuclei involved in anxiety. Results of MB test showed a genotype effect, with increased anxiety-like behavior in Prkar1a(+/-) and Prkar1a(+/-)/Prkaca(+/-) compared to WT mice. In the EPM, Prkar1a(+/-) spent significantly less time in the open arms, while Prkaca(+/-) and Prkar1a(+/-)/Prkaca(+/-) mice displayed less exploratory behavior compared to WT mice. The loss of one Prkar1a allele was associated with a significant increase in PKA activity in the basolateral (BLA) and central (CeA) amygdala and ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) in both Prkar1a(+/-) and Prkar1a(+/-)/Prkaca(+/-) mice. Alterations of PKA activity induced by haploinsufficiency of its main regulatory or most important catalytic subunits result in anxiety-like behaviors. The BLA, CeA, and VMH are implicated in mediating these PKA effects in brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Briassoulis
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, United States; Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Margaret F Keil
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, United States.
| | - Bilal Naved
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Sophie Liu
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Matthew F Starost
- Division of Veterinary Resources, Office of Research Services (ORS), Office of the Director (OD), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Maria Nesterova
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Nirmal Gokarn
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Anna Batistatos
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - T John Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Constantine A Stratakis
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
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Kirschner LS, Qamri Z, Kari S, Ashtekar A. Mouse models of thyroid cancer: A 2015 update. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 421:18-27. [PMID: 26123589 PMCID: PMC4691568 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine neoplasm, and its rate is rising at an alarming pace. Thus, there is a compelling need to develop in vivo models which will not only enable the confirmation of the oncogenic potential of driver genes, but also point the way towards the development of new therapeutics. Over the past 20 years, techniques for the generation of mouse models of human diseases have progressed substantially, accompanied by parallel advances in the genetics and genomics of human tumors. This convergence has enabled the development of mouse lines carrying mutations in the genes that cause thyroid cancers of all subtypes, including differentiated papillary and follicular thyroid cancers, poorly differentiated/anaplastic cancers, and medullary thyroid cancers. In this review, we will discuss the state of the art of mouse modeling of thyroid cancer, with the eventual goal of providing insight into tumor biology and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence S Kirschner
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Zahida Qamri
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Suresh Kari
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Amruta Ashtekar
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Basham KJ, Hung HA, Lerario AM, Hammer GD. Mouse models of adrenocortical tumors. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 421:82-97. [PMID: 26678830 PMCID: PMC4720156 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The molecular basis of the organogenesis, homeostasis, and tumorigenesis of the adrenal cortex has been the subject of intense study for many decades. Specifically, characterization of tumor predisposition syndromes with adrenocortical manifestations and molecular profiling of sporadic adrenocortical tumors have led to the discovery of key molecular pathways that promote pathological adrenal growth. However, given the observational nature of such studies, several important questions regarding the molecular pathogenesis of adrenocortical tumors have remained. This review will summarize naturally occurring and genetically engineered mouse models that have provided novel tools to explore the molecular and cellular underpinnings of adrenocortical tumors. New paradigms of cancer initiation, maintenance, and progression that have emerged from this work will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin J Basham
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, USA; Endocrine Oncology Program, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Holly A Hung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, USA; Endocrine Oncology Program, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Antonio M Lerario
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, USA; Endocrine Oncology Program, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Gary D Hammer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, USA; Endocrine Oncology Program, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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Leccia F, Batisse-Lignier M, Sahut-Barnola I, Val P, Lefrançois-Martinez AM, Martinez A. Mouse Models Recapitulating Human Adrenocortical Tumors: What Is Lacking? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2016; 7:93. [PMID: 27471492 PMCID: PMC4945639 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2016.00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Adrenal cortex tumors are divided into benign forms, such as primary hyperplasias and adrenocortical adenomas (ACAs), and malignant forms or adrenocortical carcinomas (ACCs). Primary hyperplasias are rare causes of adrenocorticotropin hormone-independent hypercortisolism. ACAs are the most common type of adrenal gland tumors and they are rarely "functional," i.e., producing steroids. When functional, adenomas result in endocrine disorders, such as Cushing's syndrome (hypercortisolism) or Conn's syndrome (hyperaldosteronism). By contrast, ACCs are extremely rare but highly aggressive tumors that may also lead to hypersecreting syndromes. Genetic analyses of patients with sporadic or familial forms of adrenocortical tumors (ACTs) led to the identification of potentially causative genes, most of them being involved in protein kinase A (PKA), Wnt/β-catenin, and P53 signaling pathways. Development of mouse models is a crucial step to firmly establish the functional significance of candidate genes, to dissect mechanisms leading to tumors and endocrine disorders, and in fine to provide in vivo tools for therapeutic screens. In this article, we will provide an overview on the existing mouse models (xenografted and genetically engineered) of ACTs by focusing on the role of PKA and Wnt/β-catenin pathways in this context. We will discuss the advantages and limitations of models that have been developed heretofore and we will point out necessary improvements in the development of next generation mouse models of adrenal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia Leccia
- UMR6293, GReD, INSERM U1103, CNRS, Clermont Université, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marie Batisse-Lignier
- UMR6293, GReD, INSERM U1103, CNRS, Clermont Université, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolic Diseases Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, School of Medicine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Pierre Val
- UMR6293, GReD, INSERM U1103, CNRS, Clermont Université, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Antoine Martinez
- UMR6293, GReD, INSERM U1103, CNRS, Clermont Université, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- *Correspondence: Antoine Martinez,
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48
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Tascau L, Gardner T, Anan H, Yongpravat C, Cardozo CP, Bauman WA, Lee FY, Oh DS, Tawfeek HA. Activation of Protein Kinase A in Mature Osteoblasts Promotes a Major Bone Anabolic Response. Endocrinology 2016; 157:112-26. [PMID: 26488807 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinase A (PKA) regulates osteoblast cell function in vitro and is activated by important bone mass modulating agents. We determined whether PKA activation in osteoblasts is sufficient to mediate a bone anabolic response. Thus, a mouse model conditionally expressing a constitutively active PKA (CA-PKA) in osteoblasts (CA-PKA-OB mouse) was developed by crossing a 2.3-kb α1 (I)-collagen promoter-Cre mouse with a floxed-CA-PKA mouse. Primary osteoblasts from the CA-PKA-OB mice exhibited higher basal PKA activity than those from control mice. Microcomputed tomographic analysis revealed that CA-PKA-OB female mice had an 8.6-fold increase in femoral but only 1.16-fold increase in lumbar 5 vertebral bone volume/total volume. Femur cortical thickness and volume were also higher in the CA-PKA-OB mice. In contrast, alterations in many femoral microcomputed tomographic parameters in male CA-PKA-OB mice were modest. Interestingly, the 3-dimensional structure model index was substantially lower both in femur and lumbar 5 of male and female CA-PKA-OB mice, reflecting an increase in the plate to rod-like structure ratio. In agreement, femurs from female CA-PKA-OB mice had greater load to failure and were stiffer compared with those of control mice. Furthermore, the CA-PKA-OB mice had higher levels of serum bone turnover markers and increased osteoblast and osteoclast numbers per total tissue area compared with control animals. In summary, constitutive activation of PKA in osteoblasts is sufficient to increase bone mass and favorably modify bone architecture and improve mechanical properties. PKA activation in mature osteoblasts is, therefore, an important target for designing anabolic drugs for treating diseases with bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liana Tascau
- National Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury (C.P.C., W.A.B., H.A.T.), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, New York 10468; Center for Orthopaedic Research (T.G., C.Y., F.Y.L.), College of Dental Medicine (D.S.O.), and Department of Molecular Medicine (L.T.), Columbia University, and Departments of Medicine (C.P.C., W.A.B., H.A.T.), Rehabilitation Medicine (C.P.C., W.A.B.), and Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics (C.P.C.), The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029; and Sacred Heart Hospital/Temple University (H.A.), Allentown, Pennsylvania 16102
| | - Thomas Gardner
- National Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury (C.P.C., W.A.B., H.A.T.), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, New York 10468; Center for Orthopaedic Research (T.G., C.Y., F.Y.L.), College of Dental Medicine (D.S.O.), and Department of Molecular Medicine (L.T.), Columbia University, and Departments of Medicine (C.P.C., W.A.B., H.A.T.), Rehabilitation Medicine (C.P.C., W.A.B.), and Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics (C.P.C.), The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029; and Sacred Heart Hospital/Temple University (H.A.), Allentown, Pennsylvania 16102
| | - Hussein Anan
- National Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury (C.P.C., W.A.B., H.A.T.), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, New York 10468; Center for Orthopaedic Research (T.G., C.Y., F.Y.L.), College of Dental Medicine (D.S.O.), and Department of Molecular Medicine (L.T.), Columbia University, and Departments of Medicine (C.P.C., W.A.B., H.A.T.), Rehabilitation Medicine (C.P.C., W.A.B.), and Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics (C.P.C.), The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029; and Sacred Heart Hospital/Temple University (H.A.), Allentown, Pennsylvania 16102
| | - Charlie Yongpravat
- National Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury (C.P.C., W.A.B., H.A.T.), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, New York 10468; Center for Orthopaedic Research (T.G., C.Y., F.Y.L.), College of Dental Medicine (D.S.O.), and Department of Molecular Medicine (L.T.), Columbia University, and Departments of Medicine (C.P.C., W.A.B., H.A.T.), Rehabilitation Medicine (C.P.C., W.A.B.), and Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics (C.P.C.), The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029; and Sacred Heart Hospital/Temple University (H.A.), Allentown, Pennsylvania 16102
| | - Christopher P Cardozo
- National Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury (C.P.C., W.A.B., H.A.T.), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, New York 10468; Center for Orthopaedic Research (T.G., C.Y., F.Y.L.), College of Dental Medicine (D.S.O.), and Department of Molecular Medicine (L.T.), Columbia University, and Departments of Medicine (C.P.C., W.A.B., H.A.T.), Rehabilitation Medicine (C.P.C., W.A.B.), and Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics (C.P.C.), The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029; and Sacred Heart Hospital/Temple University (H.A.), Allentown, Pennsylvania 16102
| | - William A Bauman
- National Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury (C.P.C., W.A.B., H.A.T.), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, New York 10468; Center for Orthopaedic Research (T.G., C.Y., F.Y.L.), College of Dental Medicine (D.S.O.), and Department of Molecular Medicine (L.T.), Columbia University, and Departments of Medicine (C.P.C., W.A.B., H.A.T.), Rehabilitation Medicine (C.P.C., W.A.B.), and Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics (C.P.C.), The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029; and Sacred Heart Hospital/Temple University (H.A.), Allentown, Pennsylvania 16102
| | - Francis Y Lee
- National Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury (C.P.C., W.A.B., H.A.T.), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, New York 10468; Center for Orthopaedic Research (T.G., C.Y., F.Y.L.), College of Dental Medicine (D.S.O.), and Department of Molecular Medicine (L.T.), Columbia University, and Departments of Medicine (C.P.C., W.A.B., H.A.T.), Rehabilitation Medicine (C.P.C., W.A.B.), and Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics (C.P.C.), The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029; and Sacred Heart Hospital/Temple University (H.A.), Allentown, Pennsylvania 16102
| | - Daniel S Oh
- National Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury (C.P.C., W.A.B., H.A.T.), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, New York 10468; Center for Orthopaedic Research (T.G., C.Y., F.Y.L.), College of Dental Medicine (D.S.O.), and Department of Molecular Medicine (L.T.), Columbia University, and Departments of Medicine (C.P.C., W.A.B., H.A.T.), Rehabilitation Medicine (C.P.C., W.A.B.), and Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics (C.P.C.), The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029; and Sacred Heart Hospital/Temple University (H.A.), Allentown, Pennsylvania 16102
| | - Hesham A Tawfeek
- National Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury (C.P.C., W.A.B., H.A.T.), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, New York 10468; Center for Orthopaedic Research (T.G., C.Y., F.Y.L.), College of Dental Medicine (D.S.O.), and Department of Molecular Medicine (L.T.), Columbia University, and Departments of Medicine (C.P.C., W.A.B., H.A.T.), Rehabilitation Medicine (C.P.C., W.A.B.), and Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics (C.P.C.), The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029; and Sacred Heart Hospital/Temple University (H.A.), Allentown, Pennsylvania 16102
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Keil MF, Briassoulis G, Stratakis CA, Wu TJ. Protein Kinase A and Anxiety-Related Behaviors: A Mini-Review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2016; 7:83. [PMID: 27445986 PMCID: PMC4925668 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2016.00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the anxiety related to cyclic AMP/protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathway that regulates stress responses. PKA regulates an array of diverse signals that interact with various neurotransmitter systems associated with alertness, mood, and acute and social anxiety-like states. Recent mouse studies support the involvement of the PKA pathway in common neuropsychiatric disorders characterized by heightened activation of the amygdala. The amygdala is critical for adaptive responses leading to fear learning and aberrant fear memory and its heightened activation is widely thought to underpin various anxiety disorders. Stress-induced plasticity within the amygdala is involved in the transition from normal vigilance responses to emotional reactivity, fear over-generalization, and deficits in fear inhibition resulting in pathological anxiety and conditions, such as panic and depression. Human studies of PKA signaling defects also report an increased incidence of psychiatric disorders, including anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, learning disorders, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. We speculate that the PKA system is uniquely suited for selective, molecularly targeted intervention that may be proven effective in anxiolytic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret F. Keil
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
- *Correspondence: Margaret F. Keil, ; T. John Wu,
| | - George Briassoulis
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Constantine A. Stratakis
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - T. John Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- *Correspondence: Margaret F. Keil, ; T. John Wu,
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Saloustros E, Salpea P, Qi CF, Gugliotti LA, Tsang K, Liu S, Starost MF, Morse HC, Stratakis CA. Hematopoietic neoplasms in Prkar2a-deficient mice. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2015; 34:143. [PMID: 26608815 PMCID: PMC4660639 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-015-0257-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Protein kinase A (PKA) is a holoenzyme that consists of a dimer of regulatory subunits and two inactive catalytic subunits that bind to the regulatory subunit dimer. Four regulatory subunits (RIα, RIβ, RIIα, RIIβ) and four catalytic subunits (Cα, Cβ, Cγ, Prkx) have been described in the human and mouse genomes. Previous studies showed that complete inactivation of the Prkar1a subunit (coding for RIα) in the germline leads to embryonic lethality, while Prkar1a–deficient mice are viable and develop schwannomas, thyroid, and bone neoplasms, and rarely lymphomas and sarcomas. Mice with inactivation of the Prkar2a and Prkar2b genes (coding for RIIα and RIIβ, respectively) are also viable but have not been studied for their susceptibility to any tumors. Methods Cohorts of Prkar1a+/−, Prkar2a+/−, Prkar2a−/−, Prkar2b+/− and wild type (WT) mice have been observed between 5 and 25 months of age for the development of hematologic malignancies. Tissues were studied by immunohistochemistry; tumor-specific markers were also used as indicated. Cell sorting and protein studies were also performed. Results Both Prkar2a−/− and Prkar2a+/− mice frequently developed hematopoietic neoplasms dominated by histiocytic sarcomas (HS) with rare diffuse large B cell lymphomas (DLBCL). Southern blot analysis confirmed that the tumors diagnosed histologically as DLBCL were clonal B cell neoplasms. Mice with other genotypes did not develop a significant number of similar neoplasms. Conclusions Prkar2a deficiency predisposes to hematopoietic malignancies in vivo. RIIα’s likely association with HS and DLBCL was hitherto unrecognized and may lead to better understanding of these rare neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouil Saloustros
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Program on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics (PDEGEN) & Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Paraskevi Salpea
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Program on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics (PDEGEN) & Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Chen-Feng Qi
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 5640 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA.
| | - Lina A Gugliotti
- Program in Genomics and Differentiation, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Kitman Tsang
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Program on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics (PDEGEN) & Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Sisi Liu
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Program on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics (PDEGEN) & Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Matthew F Starost
- Division of Veterinary Resources, Office of the Director (OD), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Herbert C Morse
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 5640 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA.
| | - Constantine A Stratakis
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Program on Developmental Endocrinology & Genetics (PDEGEN) & Pediatric Endocrinology Inter-institute Training Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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