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Zhang XJ, Yu Y, Zhao HP, Guo L, Dai K, Lv J. Mechanisms of tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment formation in esophageal cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2024; 30:2195-2208. [PMID: 38690024 PMCID: PMC11056912 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i16.2195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
As a highly invasive malignancy, esophageal cancer (EC) is a global health issue, and was the eighth most prevalent cancer and the sixth leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide in 2020. Due to its highly immunogenic nature, emer-ging immunotherapy approaches, such as immune checkpoint blockade, have demonstrated promising efficacy in treating EC; however, certain limitations and challenges still exist. In addition, tumors may exhibit primary or acquired resistance to immunotherapy in the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME); thus, understanding the TIME is urgent and crucial, especially given the im-portance of an immunosuppressive microenvironment in tumor progression. The aim of this review was to better elucidate the mechanisms of the suppressive TIME, including cell infiltration, immune cell subsets, cytokines and signaling pathways in the tumor microenvironment of EC patients, as well as the downregulated expression of major histocompatibility complex molecules in tumor cells, to obtain a better understanding of the differences in EC patient responses to immunotherapeutic strategies and accurately predict the efficacy of immunotherapies. Therefore, personalized treatments could be developed to maximize the advantages of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jun Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710054, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yan Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710054, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - He-Ping Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710054, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Lei Guo
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710054, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Kun Dai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yanliang Railway Hospital of Xi’an, Xi’an 710089, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jing Lv
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710054, Shaanxi Province, China
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Chen Y, Liu F, Chen X, Li W, Li K, Cai H, Wang S, Wang H, Xu K, Zhang C, Ye S, Shen Y, Mou T, Cai S, Zhou J, Yu J. microRNA-622 upregulates cell cycle process by targeting FOLR2 to promote CRC proliferation. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:26. [PMID: 38166756 PMCID: PMC10763126 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11766-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenetic alterations contribute greatly to the development and progression of colorectal cancer, and effect of aberrant miR-622 expression is still controversial. This study aimed to discover miR-622 regulation in CRC proliferation. METHODS miR-622 expression and prognosis were analyzed in clinical CRC samples from Nanfang Hospital. miR-622 regulation on cell cycle and tumor proliferation was discovered, and FOLR2 was screened as functional target of miR-622 using bioinformatics analysis, which was validated via dual luciferase assay and gain-of-function and loss-of-function experiments both in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS miR-622 overexpression in CRC indicated unfavorable prognosis and it regulated cell cycle to promote tumor growth both in vitro and in vivo. FOLR2 is a specific, functional target of miR-622, which negatively correlates with signature genes in cell cycle process to promote CRC proliferation. CONCLUSIONS miR-622 upregulates cell cycle process by targeting FOLR2 to promote CRC proliferation, proposing a novel mechanism and treatment target in CRC epigenetic regulation of miR-622.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xinhua Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Wenyi Li
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Kejun Li
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Hailang Cai
- Department of Radiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Shunyi Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Honglei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Chenxi Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Shengzhi Ye
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yunhao Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Tingyu Mou
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Shumin Cai
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Jianwei Zhou
- Department of Medical Imaging Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838, Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Jiang Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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Fang Y, Lu ZH, Liu BZ, Li N, Yang MZ, Wang P. IRF5 promotes glycolysis in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma and is regulated by TRIM35. J Dig Dis 2023; 24:480-490. [PMID: 37594849 DOI: 10.1111/1751-2980.13218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The interferon regulatory factor (IRF) family of proteins are involved in tumor progression. However, the role of IRF5 in tumorigenesis remains unknown. In this study we aimed to elucidate the functions of IRF5 in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS IRF5 expression in HCC was analyzed through quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), western blot, and immunohistochemistry (IHC), etc. The Cell Counting Kit 8 (CCK8) assay, anchorage-independent assay, and EdU assay were used to evaluate the role of IRF5. The molecular mechanisms were studied by analyzing the metabolites with mass spectrum and immunoprecipitation. RESULTS IRF5 was upregulated in HCC. Interfering with IRF5 inhibited the proliferation and tumorigenic potential of HCC cells. When studying the molecular mechanism, IRF5 was found to upregulate the expression of lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) and promoted glycolysis. Additionally, tripartite motif containing 35 (TRIM35) interacted with IRF5, promoting its ubiquitination and degradation. In the clinically obtained HCC samples, TRIM35 was negatively correlated with the expression of IRF5. CONCLUSION These findings reveal the oncogenic function of IRF5 in the progression of HCC by enhancing glycolysis, further supporting the potential of IRF5 as a viable target for HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Fang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi Hui Lu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bang Zhong Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Hepatic Surgery I (Ward I), Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Zhen Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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4
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Jiang B, Yuan Y, Yi T, Dang W. The Roles of Antisense Long Noncoding RNAs in Tumorigenesis and Development through Cis-Regulation of Neighbouring Genes. Biomolecules 2023; 13:684. [PMID: 37189431 PMCID: PMC10135817 DOI: 10.3390/biom13040684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Antisense long noncoding RNA (as-lncRNA) is a lncRNA transcribed in reverse orientation that is partially or completely complementary to the corresponding sense protein-coding or noncoding genes. As-lncRNAs, one of the natural antisense transcripts (NATs), can regulate the expression of their adjacent sense genes through a variety of mechanisms, affect the biological activities of cells, and further participate in the occurrence and development of a variety of tumours. This study explores the functional roles of as-lncRNAs, which can cis-regulate protein-coding sense genes, in tumour aetiology to understand the occurrence and development of malignant tumours in depth and provide a better theoretical basis for tumour therapy targeting lncRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binyuan Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha 410004, China
- Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Yeqin Yuan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha 410004, China
- Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Ting Yi
- Department of Science and Education, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Wei Dang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha 410004, China
- Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha 410004, China
- Department of Science and Education, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha 410004, China
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Shi R, Zhou X, Pang L, Wang M, Li Y, Chen C, Ning H, Zhang L, Yue G, Qiu L, Zhao W, Qi Y, Wu Y, Gao Y. Peptide vaccine from cancer-testis antigen ODF2 can potentiate the cytotoxic T lymphocyte infiltration through IL-15 in non-MSI-H colorectal cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2023; 72:985-1001. [PMID: 36251028 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-022-03307-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 03/20/2023]
Abstract
About 85% of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) have the non-microsatellite instability-high (non-MSI-H) subtype, and many cannot benefit from immune checkpoint blockade. A potential reason for this is that most non-MSI-H colorectal cancers are immunologically "cold" due to poor CD8+ T cell infiltration. In the present study, we screened for potential cancer-testis antigens (CTAs) by comparing the bioinformatics of CD8+ T effector memory (Tem) cell infiltration between MSI-H and non-MSI-H CRC. Two ODF2-derived epitope peptides, P433 and P609, displayed immunogenicity and increased the proportion of CD8+ T effector memory (Tem) cells in vitro and in vivo. The adoptive transfer of peptide pool-induced CTLs inhibited tumor growth and enhanced CD8+ T cell infiltration in tumor-bearing NOD/SCID mice. The mechanistic study showed that knockdown of ODF2 in CRC cells promoted interleukin-15 expression, which facilitated CD8+ T cell proliferation. In conclusion, ODF2, a CTA, was negatively correlated with CD8+ T cell infiltration in "cold" non-MSI-H CRC and was selected based on the results of bioinformatics analyses. The corresponding HLA-A2 restricted epitope peptide induced antigen-specific CTLs. Immunotherapy targeting ODF2 could improve CTA infiltration via upregulating IL-15 in non-MSI-H CRC. This tumor antigen screening strategy could be exploited to develop therapeutic vaccines targeting non-MSI-H CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xiuman Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Liwei Pang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Mingshuang Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yubing Li
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Chunxia Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Haoming Ning
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Lihan Zhang
- Department of Integrated Chinse and Western Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, China
| | - Guangxing Yue
- Department of Integrated Chinse and Western Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, China
| | - Lu Qiu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Wenshan Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Bioactive Macromolecules, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- International Joint Laboratory for Protein and Peptide Drugs of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yuanming Qi
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Bioactive Macromolecules, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- International Joint Laboratory for Protein and Peptide Drugs of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yahong Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
- Henan Key Laboratory of Bioactive Macromolecules, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
- International Joint Laboratory for Protein and Peptide Drugs of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Yanfeng Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
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Lukhele S, Rabbo DA, Guo M, Shen J, Elsaesser HJ, Quevedo R, Carew M, Gadalla R, Snell LM, Mahesh L, Ciudad MT, Snow BE, You-Ten A, Haight J, Wakeham A, Ohashi PS, Mak TW, Cui W, McGaha TL, Brooks DG. The transcription factor IRF2 drives interferon-mediated CD8 + T cell exhaustion to restrict anti-tumor immunity. Immunity 2022; 55:2369-2385.e10. [PMID: 36370712 PMCID: PMC9809269 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Type I and II interferons (IFNs) stimulate pro-inflammatory programs that are critical for immune activation, but also induce immune-suppressive feedback circuits that impede control of cancer growth. Here, we sought to determine how these opposing programs are differentially induced. We demonstrated that the transcription factor interferon regulatory factor 2 (IRF2) was expressed by many immune cells in the tumor in response to sustained IFN signaling. CD8+ T cell-specific deletion of IRF2 prevented acquisition of the T cell exhaustion program within the tumor and instead enabled sustained effector functions that promoted long-term tumor control and increased responsiveness to immune checkpoint and adoptive cell therapies. The long-term tumor control by IRF2-deficient CD8+ T cells required continuous integration of both IFN-I and IFN-II signals. Thus, IRF2 is a foundational feedback molecule that redirects IFN signals to suppress T cell responses and represents a potential target to enhance cancer control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabelo Lukhele
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9 Canada.
| | - Diala Abd Rabbo
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9 Canada
| | - Mengdi Guo
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9 Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8 Canada
| | - Jian Shen
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Heidi J Elsaesser
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9 Canada
| | - Rene Quevedo
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9 Canada
| | - Madeleine Carew
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9 Canada
| | - Ramy Gadalla
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9 Canada
| | - Laura M Snell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Lawanya Mahesh
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9 Canada
| | - M Teresa Ciudad
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9 Canada
| | - Bryan E Snow
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9 Canada
| | - Annick You-Ten
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9 Canada
| | - Jillian Haight
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9 Canada
| | - Andrew Wakeham
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9 Canada
| | - Pamela S Ohashi
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9 Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8 Canada
| | - Tak W Mak
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9 Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8 Canada
| | - Weiguo Cui
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Tracy L McGaha
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9 Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8 Canada
| | - David G Brooks
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9 Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8 Canada.
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Zhang M, Zheng S, Liang JQ. Transcriptional and reverse transcriptional regulation of host genes by human endogenous retroviruses in cancers. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:946296. [PMID: 35928153 PMCID: PMC9343867 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.946296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) originated from ancient retroviral infections of germline cells millions of years ago and have evolved as part of the host genome. HERVs not only retain the capacity as retroelements but also regulate host genes. The expansion of HERVs involves transcription by RNA polymerase II, reverse transcription, and re-integration into the host genome. Fast progress in deep sequencing and functional analysis has revealed the importance of domesticated copies of HERVs, including their regulatory sequences, transcripts, and proteins in normal cells. However, evidence also suggests the involvement of HERVs in the development and progression of many types of cancer. Here we summarize the current state of knowledge about the expression of HERVs, transcriptional regulation of host genes by HERVs, and the functions of HERVs in reverse transcription and gene editing with their reverse transcriptase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengwen Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Second Affiliated Hospital, Cancer Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shu Zheng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Second Affiliated Hospital, Cancer Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Shu Zheng,
| | - Jessie Qiaoyi Liang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Center for Gut Microbiota Research, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Jessie Qiaoyi Liang,
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A Novel Pyroptosis-Associated Gene Signature to Predict Prognosis in Patients with Colorectal Cancer. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:6965308. [PMID: 35620407 PMCID: PMC9129977 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6965308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Pyroptosis is a form of cell death characterized by cell swelling and plasma membrane bubbling in association with inflammatory and immune responses. To date, the association between pyroptosis and colorectal cancer remains unclear. We aimed to establish a novel pyroptosis-associated model for the prognosis of colorectal cancer. Methods Pyroptosis-related genes were extracted using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis. A least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression model was constructed to identify a pyroptosis-related gene signature using the Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases. Then, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and Gene Ontology and GSEA were performed to better understand the potential mechanisms and the functional pathways associated with pyroptosis involved in colorectal cancer. The relationship between the pyroptosis-related signature and immune infiltration was investigated using Cell-Type Identification by Estimating Relative Subsets of RNA Transcripts and MCPcounter. Results A 12 pyroptosis-related gene signature was identified. Then, patients were classified into high- and low-risk groups. Kaplan–Meier and receiver operating characteristic analyses confirmed that the high-risk groups showed worse overall survival, progression-free survival, or relapse-free survival probability. Functional enrichment analysis showed that pyroptosis was associated with extracellular matrix-related pathways. Furthermore, the pyroptosis risk score was associated with immune infiltration. The low-risk group exhibited a higher percentage of plasma cells, CD4 T cells, activated dendritic cells, and activated mast cells. M2 macrophages and M0 macrophages were positively related to the risk score. Conclusion Our research yielded a novel pyroptosis-related prognostic signature for colorectal cancer that was related to immune cell infiltration, and it provided an immunological perspective for developing personalized therapies.
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Liu T, Zhu C, Chen X, Wu J, Guan G, Zou C, Shen S, Chen L, Cheng P, Cheng W, Wu A. Dual role of ARPC1B in regulating the network between tumor-associated macrophages and tumor cells in glioblastoma. Oncoimmunology 2022; 11:2031499. [PMID: 35111386 PMCID: PMC8803105 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2022.2031499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Chen Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jianqi Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Gefei Guan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Cunyi Zou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Shuai Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese People’s Liberation Army of China (Pla) General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese Pla, Institute of Neurosurgery of Chinese Pla, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Wen Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Anhua Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Zhang K, Xu PL, Li YJ, Dong S, Gao HF, Chen LY, Chen H, Chen Z. Comprehensive analysis of expression profile and prognostic significance of interferon regulatory factors in pancreatic cancer. BMC Genom Data 2022; 23:5. [PMID: 35012444 PMCID: PMC8751298 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-021-01019-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a highly lethal disease and an increasing cause of cancer-associated mortality worldwide. Interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) play vital roles in immune response and tumor cellular biological processes. However, the specific functions of IRFs in PC and tumor immune response are far from systematically clarified. This study aimed to explorer the expression profile, prognostic significance, and biological function of IRFs in PC. RESULTS We observed that the levels of IRF2, 6, 7, 8, and 9 were elevated in tumor compared to normal tissues in PC. IRF7 expression was significantly associated with patients' pathology stage in PC. PC patients with high IRF2, low IRF3, and high IRF6 levels had significantly poorer overall survival. High mRNA expression, amplification and, deep deletion were the three most common types of genetic alterations of IRFs in PC. Low expression of IRF2, 4, 5, and 8 was resistant to most of the drugs or small molecules from Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer. Moreover, IRFs were positively correlated with the abundance of tumor infiltrating immune cells in PC, including B cells, CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, macrophages, Neutrophil, and Dendritic cells. Functional analysis indicated that IRFs were involved in T cell receptor signaling pathway, immune response, and Toll-like receptor signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that certain IRFs could serve as potential therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers for PC patients. Further basic and clinical studies are needed to validate our findings and generalize the clinical application of IRFs in PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhang
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032 China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Pan-Ling Xu
- Chinese Integrative Medicine Oncology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230000 Anhui China
| | - Yu-Jie Li
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032 China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Shu Dong
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032 China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Hui-Feng Gao
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032 China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Lian-Yu Chen
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032 China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032 China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032 China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
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11
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Li X, Yang W. IRF2-induced Claudin-7 suppresses cell proliferation, invasion and migration of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Exp Ther Med 2021; 23:7. [PMID: 34815759 PMCID: PMC8593875 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common type of malignant tumor worldwide. Claudin-7 (CLDN7) has been reported to exhibit low expression in tissues of patients with OSCC; however, the underlying mechanisms of CLDN7 remain to be elucidated. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of CLDN7 on the progression of OSCC and identify its potential regulatory mechanisms. CLDN7 and interferon regulatory factor-2 (IRF2) expression in several OSCC cell lines were detected using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and western blotting. Following CLDN7 overexpression, cell proliferation, invasion and migration were determined using a Cell Counting Kit-8, colony formation, Transwell and wound healing assays, respectively. The potential binding sites of IRF2 on the CLDN7 promoter were analyzed using the PROMO and JASPAR databases, which were verified via chromatin immunoprecipitation and RT-qPCR assays. The effects of IRF2 and CLDN7 on the biological functions of OSCC cells were examined by transfection with short hairpin RNA (shRNA) against CLDN7 (sh-CLDN7), or IRF2 and CLDN7 overexpression plasmids. The results revealed that CLDN7 and IRF2 expression were significantly downregulated in OSCC cell lines, and CLDN7 overexpression reduced the proliferation, invasion and migration of OSCC cells. Additionally, IRF2 was confirmed to combine with the CLDN7 promoter. CLDN7 silencing reversed the inhibitory effects of IRF2 overexpression on the proliferation, invasion and migration of OSCC cells. Taken together, these findings demonstrated that IRF2-induced CLDN7 upregulation suppressed the proliferation, invasion and migration of OSCC cells, suggesting the possibility of CLDN7 and IRF2 as novel targets for the treatment of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Endodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210018, P.R. China
| | - Weidong Yang
- Department of Endodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210018, P.R. China
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12
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Nakamura K, Shiozaki A, Kosuga T, Shimizu H, Kudou M, Ohashi T, Arita T, Konishi H, Komatsu S, Kubota T, Fujiwara H, Okamoto K, Kishimoto M, Konishi E, Otsuji E. The expression of the alpha1 subunit of Na +/K +-ATPase is related to tumor development and clinical outcomes in gastric cancer. Gastric Cancer 2021; 24:1278-1292. [PMID: 34251542 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-021-01212-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Na+/K+-ATPase alpha1 subunit (ATP1A1) is a critical component of Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA), a membrane pump that maintains a low intracellular Na+/K+ ratio and retains cellular volume and osmolarity. ATP1A1 was recently implicated in tumor behavior. Therefore, the present study investigated the role of ATP1A1 in patients with gastric cancer (GC). METHODS Knockdown experiments were conducted on human GC cell lines using ATP1A1 siRNA, and its effects on proliferation, the cell cycle, apoptosis, and cellular movement were examined. Gene expression profiling was performed by a microarray analysis. Primary tumor samples from 192 GC patients who underwent gastrectomy were subjected to an immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS High ATP1A1 expression levels were observed in NUGC4 and MKN74 cells. Cell proliferation was suppressed and apoptosis was induced by the siRNA-induced knockdown of ATP1A1. The microarray analysis showed that knockdown of ATP1A1 leads to the up-regulated expression of genes involved in the interferon (IFN) signaling pathway, such as STAT1, STAT2, IRF1, and IRF9. Furthermore, the depletion of ATP1A1 altered the phosphorylation of the MAPK pathway. The immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the expression of ATP1A1 was associated with the histological type, venous invasion, and the pathological T stage. Furthermore, the prognostic analysis showed a relationship between high ATP1A1 expression levels and poor postoperative survival. CONCLUSIONS ATP1A1 appears to regulate tumor progression by altering IFN signaling, and high ATP1A1 expression levels were associated with poor postoperative survival in GC patients. The present results provide novel insights into the function of ATP1A1 as a mediator and/or biomarker of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Nakamura
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shiozaki
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan.
| | - Toshiyuki Kosuga
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Hiroki Shimizu
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Michihiro Kudou
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Takuma Ohashi
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Arita
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Konishi
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Shuhei Komatsu
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kubota
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Fujiwara
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Kazuma Okamoto
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Kishimoto
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Kyoto City Hospital, Kyoto, 604-8845, Japan
| | - Eiichi Konishi
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Eigo Otsuji
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
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13
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Lu B, Xu H, Ding M, Yan C. Interferon Regulatory Factor 2 (IRF2) Inhibits the Invasion and Migration of Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma Cells by Downregulation of Spindle Pole Body Component 24 (SPC24). J BIOMATER TISS ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1166/jbt.2021.2769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
It has been reported that the increased expression of SPC24 (spindle pole body component 24) was involved in the initiation and development of various cancers. However, the role of SPC24 in ccRCC (clear cell renal cell carcinoma) remains largely unknown. In the present study, the changes
and correlation of SPC24 and IRF2 (interferon regulatory factor 2) with ccRCC were evaluated by using GEPIA, TCGA and GTEx database. Then the involvement of SPC24 and IRF2 in invasion and migration was investigated in CaKi-1 cells, a human renal adenocarcinoma cell line. The bioinformatics
assay revealed that the expression of SPC24 and IRF2 in kidney tissue of patients with renal clear cell cancer was significantly increased, and the expression of SPC24 and IRF2 in kidney tissue was positively and negatively related to cancer phase and survival rate in patients with ccRCC respectively.
Notably, in vitro experimental study demonstrated that SPC25 promoted the invasion and migration of CaKi-1 cells, a human renal adenocarcinoma cell line. Furthermore, IRF2 shows potential binding site with SPC24 promoter, IRF2 overexpression significantly decreased SPC24 mRNA level,
whereas inhibition of IRF2 with specific small hairpin RNA (shRNA) significantly increased SPC24 mRNA level. Functionally, inhibition of SPC24 with specific shRNA reversed the stimulatory effect of IRF2 shRNA on the invasion and migration of cells, whereas SPC24 over-expression reversed the
inhibitory effect of IRF2 overexpression on the invasion and migration of cells. Finally, ChIP (chromatin immunoprecipitation) assay shows that IRF2 could directly bind with SPC24 promoter. In conclusion, these results demonstrated that IRF2/SPC24 signaling pathway contributes to the increased
invasion and migration in ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Lu
- Department of Urology, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Medical Center of Soochow University, Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital, Suzhou, 215000, P. R. China
| | - Hongbo Xu
- Department of Urology, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Medical Center of Soochow University, Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital, Suzhou, 215000, P. R. China
| | - Meng Ding
- Department of Urology, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Medical Center of Soochow University, Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital, Suzhou, 215000, P. R. China
| | - Chunyin Yan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, P. R. China
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14
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Chang K, Han K, Qiu W, Hu Z, Chen X, Chen X, Xie X, Wang S, Hu C, Mao H. Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) interferon regulatory factor 8 down-regulates interferon1 expression via interaction with interferon regulatory factor 2 in vitro. Mol Immunol 2021; 137:202-211. [PMID: 34280770 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8), also known as interferon consensus sequence-binding protein (ICSBP), is a negative regulatory factor of interferon (IFN) and plays an important role in cell differentiation and innate immunity in mammals. In recent years, some irf8 homologous genes have been cloned and confirmed to take part in innate immune response in fish, but the mechanism still remains unclear. In this paper, a grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) irf8 gene (Ciirf8) was cloned and characterized. The deduced protein (CiIRF8) possesses a highly conserved N-terminal DNA binding domain but a less well-conserved C-terminal IRF association domain (IAD). Ciirf8 was widely expressed in all tested tissues of grass carp and up-regulated following poly(I:C) stimulation. Ciirf8 expression was also up-regulated in CIK cells upon treatment with poly(I:C). To explore the molecular mechanism of how fish IRF8 regulates ifn1 expression, the similarities and differences of grass carp IRF8 and IRF2 were compared and contrasted. Subcellular localization analysis showed that CiIRF8 is located both in the cytoplasm and nucleus; however, CiIRF2 is only located in the nucleus. The nuclear-cytoplasmic translocation of CiIRF8 was observed in CIK cells under stimulation with poly(I:C). The interaction of CiIRF8 and CiIRF2 was further confirmed by a co-immunoprecipitation assay in the nucleus. Dual-luciferase reporter assays showed that the promoter activity of Ciifn1 was significantly inhibited by co-transfection with CiIRF2 and CiIRF8. The transcription inhibition of Ciifn1 was alleviated by competitive binding of CiIRF2 and CiIRF8 to CiIRF1. In conclusion, CiIRF8 down-regulates Ciifn1 expression via interaction with CiIRF2 in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaile Chang
- School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Kun Han
- School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Weihua Qiu
- Teaching Material Research Office of Jiangxi Provincial Education Department, China
| | - Zhizhen Hu
- School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Xingxing Chen
- School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Xin Chen
- School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Xiaofen Xie
- School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Shanghong Wang
- School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Chengyu Hu
- School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China.
| | - Huiling Mao
- School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China.
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15
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Xue C, Chen X, Lin K, Tong Y, Wang X. Identification of Notch signaling pathway gene mutations as a prognostic biomarker for bladder cancer. Future Oncol 2021; 17:4307-4320. [PMID: 34338007 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2021-0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The authors aimed to identify Notch signaling pathway gene mutations as a prognostic biomarker for bladder cancer. Methods: First, critical Notch signaling pathway genes were screened using The Cancer Genome Atlas and validation sets. Second, immune infiltration, protein-protein interaction network, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis analyses were performed. Finally, potential immunotherapy drug targets were screened using T-cell receptors, B-cell receptors and CERES scores for bladder cancer. Results: The NOTCH7 gene was identified, with a significant difference in immune infiltration level between mutant and wild type in bladder cancer, mainly related to T cells. NOTCH7 was an immunotherapy prognostic factor, and IRF1 and B2M were the potential drug targets for NOTCH7 mutation in bladder cancer. Conclusion: NOTCH7 gene mutation can be used as an immunotherapy biomarker for bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Xue
- Department of Urology, Zhejiang Greentown Cardiovascular Hospital, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Urology, Zhejiang Greentown Cardiovascular Hospital, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - KaoXing Lin
- Department of Urology, Zhejiang Greentown Cardiovascular Hospital, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - YunGuang Tong
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China.,Omigen Inc., Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - XinHong Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhejiang Greentown Cardiovascular Hospital, Hangzhou 310000, China
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16
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Guo Y, Xu J, Du Q, Yan Y, Geller DA. IRF2 regulates cellular survival and Lenvatinib-sensitivity of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) through regulating β-catenin. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:101059. [PMID: 33735820 PMCID: PMC7988337 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
IRF2 and β-catenin are highly expressed in HCC tissues. IRF2 upregulation of β-catenin promotes HCC cell proliferation. IRF2 enhances lenvatinib resistance in HCC cells.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Lenvatinib oral chemotherapy is approved as a first-line treatment of patients with unresectable HCC. The efficacy and therapeutic duration of lenvatinib are limited by drug resistance, and the mechanism is unclear. IRF2 is a constitutive transcription factor associated with the development of various cancers by regulating cancer cell growth, apoptosis, and drug resistance. However, the potential role of IRF2 in lenvatinib resistance in HCC has not been explored. In this study, we found that IRF2 promoted proliferation, inhibited apoptosis, and increased lenvatinib resistance of HCC cells by regulating β-catenin expression. Silencing IRF2 downregulated the expression of β-catenin, while overexpressing IRF2 upregulated β-catenin. Moreover, the expression of β-catenin and IRF2 was positively correlated in HCC tissues. Inhibiting β-catenin with XAV-939 effectively abrogated β-catenin expression caused by lenvatinib treatment. These findings identify an important function of IRF2 in HCC and demonstrate a mechanism of lenvatinib resistance of HCC cells. Targeting IRF2 may be a potential strategy to improve the therapeutic effect of lenvatinib on HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yarong Guo
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States; Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Qiang Du
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States
| | - Yihe Yan
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States
| | - David A Geller
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States.
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17
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Ehrlich M, Bacharach E. Oncolytic Virotherapy: The Cancer Cell Side. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13050939. [PMID: 33668131 PMCID: PMC7956656 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13050939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are a promising immunotherapy that specifically target and kill cancer cells and stimulate anti-tumor immunity. While different OVs are endowed with distinct features, which enhance their specificity towards tumor cells; attributes of the cancer cell also critically contribute to this specificity. Such features comprise defects in innate immunity, including antiviral responses, and the metabolic reprogramming of the malignant cell. The tumorigenic features which support OV replication can be intrinsic to the transformation process (e.g., a direct consequence of the activity of a given oncogene), or acquired in the course of tumor immunoediting—the selection process applied by antitumor immunity. Oncogene-induced epigenetic silencing plays an important role in negative regulation of immunostimulatory antiviral responses in the cancer cells. Reversal of such silencing may also provide a strong immunostimulant in the form of viral mimicry by activation of endogenous retroelements. Here we review features of the cancer cell that support viral replication, tumor immunoediting and the connection between oncogenic signaling, DNA methylation and viral oncolysis. As such, this review concentrates on the malignant cell, while detailed description of different OVs can be found in the accompanied reviews of this issue. Abstract Cell autonomous immunity genes mediate the multiple stages of anti-viral defenses, including recognition of invading pathogens, inhibition of viral replication, reprogramming of cellular metabolism, programmed-cell-death, paracrine induction of antiviral state, and activation of immunostimulatory inflammation. In tumor development and/or immunotherapy settings, selective pressure applied by the immune system results in tumor immunoediting, a reduction in the immunostimulatory potential of the cancer cell. This editing process comprises the reduced expression and/or function of cell autonomous immunity genes, allowing for immune-evasion of the tumor while concomitantly attenuating anti-viral defenses. Combined with the oncogene-enhanced anabolic nature of cancer-cell metabolism, this attenuation of antiviral defenses contributes to viral replication and to the selectivity of oncolytic viruses (OVs) towards malignant cells. Here, we review the manners by which oncogene-mediated transformation and tumor immunoediting combine to alter the intracellular milieu of tumor cells, for the benefit of OV replication. We also explore the functional connection between oncogenic signaling and epigenetic silencing, and the way by which restriction of such silencing results in immune activation. Together, the picture that emerges is one in which OVs and epigenetic modifiers are part of a growing therapeutic toolbox that employs activation of anti-tumor immunity for cancer therapy.
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18
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Shen P, Zhang TY, Wang SY. TRIB3 promotes oral squamous cell carcinoma cell proliferation by activating the AKT signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:313. [PMID: 33717256 PMCID: PMC7885083 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tribbles pseudokinase 3 (TRIB3), a member of the tribbles-related family, has biological roles such as by acting as an oncogene or tumor suppressor gene, in various types of cancer, including colorectal cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer and renal cell carcinoma. However, the role of TRIB3 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is remains unclear. The current was aimed to determine the biological function of TRIB3 in OSCC progression. TRIB3 expression was examined in OSCC surgical specimens using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and the role of TRIB3 in the proliferation capacities of OSCC cell lines was examined using crystal violet and MTT assays in vitro and tumorigenicity assays in vivo. The underlying mechanism by which TRIB3 exerts its function was investigated using western blotting. The results demonstrated that the mRNA and protein expression levels of TRIB3 were higher in human OSCC tissues compared with normal tissues. The role of TRIB3 in cell proliferation was also determined. TRIB3 overexpression significantly promoted OSCC cell proliferation, whereas TRIB3 knockdown inhibited OSCC cell proliferation compared with control cells. TRIB3 knockdown also suppressed tumor growth and decreased tumor volume in vivo compared with control cells. Moreover, the results suggested that TRIB3 overexpression increased the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (AKT) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), whereas TRIB3 knockdown decreased the phosphorylation of AKT and mTOR compared with control cells. To summarize, the present study indicated that TRIB3 promoted OSCC cell proliferation by activating the AKT signaling pathway; therefore, TRIB3 may serve as a potential target for the diagnosis and treatment of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Shen
- Department of Stomatology, Clinical Center of Spaceport, the Northern Medical District, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100094, P.R. China
| | - Tian-Yang Zhang
- The 7th Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
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19
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Li Y, Yang J, Zhang X, Liu H, Guo J. KDM6A suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation by negatively regulating the TGF-β/SMAD signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:2774-2782. [PMID: 32765772 PMCID: PMC7401926 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysine demethylase 6A (KDM6A) is a Jumonji-C domain-containing histone demethylase that specifically catalyzes the removal of histone H3 lysine-27 trimethylation. KDM6A is a member of the KDM6 family, the biological role of which has been reported in various types of cancer, including bladder and lung cancer, as well as pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. However, the role of KDM6A in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is not completely understood. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the biological function of KDM6A in HCC progression. The expression profile of KDM6A was examined in HCC surgical specimens using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. In addition, the role of KDM6A in the proliferation capacities of HCC cell lines was examined in vitro and in vivo using crystal violet and MTT assays. The underlying mechanism by which KDM6A exerts its function was explored by western blotting. The present study indicated that KDM6A was significantly downregulated in HCC tissues compared with normal control tissues. The role of KDM6A in HCC cell proliferation was also determined. KDM6A overexpression significantly inhibited HCC cell proliferation, whereas KDM6A knockdown significantly promoted HCC cell proliferation compared with the corresponding control groups. Consistently, KDM6A overexpression suppressed HCC cell tumorigenesis in vivo. The western blotting results indicated that KDM6A overexpression decreased the phosphorylation levels of smad2, whereas KDM6A knockdown increased the phosphorylation levels of smad2 compared with the corresponding control groups. Therefore, the present study suggested that KDM6A may inhibit HCC cell proliferation by negatively regulating the TGF-β/SMAD signaling pathway, suggesting that KDM6A may serve as a potential target for the diagnosis and treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China.,Clinical Center of General Surgery, People's Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China.,Clinical Center of General Surgery, People's Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China.,Clinical Center of General Surgery, People's Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China.,Clinical Center of General Surgery, People's Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Jin Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China.,Clinical Center of General Surgery, People's Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
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20
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B Cell-Intrinsic Expression of Interferon Regulatory Factor 1 Supports Chronic Murine Gammaherpesvirus 68 Infection. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.00399-20. [PMID: 32321819 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00399-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gammaherpesviruses are ubiquitous pathogens that are associated with cancers, including B cell lymphomas. These viruses are unique in that they infect naive B cells and subsequently drive a robust polyclonal germinal center response in order to amplify the latent reservoir and to establish lifelong infection in memory B cells. The gammaherpesvirus-driven germinal center response in combination with robust infection of germinal center B cells is thought to precipitate lymphomagenesis. Importantly, host and viral factors that selectively affect the gammaherpesvirus-driven germinal center response remain poorly understood. Global deficiency of antiviral tumor-suppressive interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1) selectively promotes the murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV68)-driven germinal center response and expansion of the viral latent reservoir. To determine the extent to which antiviral effects of IRF-1 are B cell intrinsic, we generated mice with conditional IRF-1 deficiency. Surprisingly, B cell-specific IRF-1 deficiency attenuated the establishment of chronic infection and the germinal center response, indicating that MHV68 may, in a B cell-intrinsic manner, usurp IRF-1 to promote the germinal center response and expansion of the latent reservoir. Further, we found that B cell-specific IRF-1 deficiency led to reduced levels of active tyrosine phosphatase SHP1, which plays a B cell-intrinsic proviral function during MHV68 infection. Finally, results of this study indicate that the antiviral functions of IRF-1 unveiled in MHV68-infected mice with global IRF-1 deficiency are mediated via IRF-1 expression by non-B cell populations.IMPORTANCE Gammaherpesviruses establish lifelong infection in over 95% of all adults and are associated with B cell lymphomas. The virus's manipulation of the germinal center response and B cell differentiation to establish lifelong infection is thought to also precipitate malignant transformation, through a mechanism that remains poorly understood. The host transcription factor IRF-1, a well-established tumor suppressor, selectively attenuates MHV68-driven germinal center response, a phenotype that we originally hypothesized to occur in a B cell-intrinsic manner. In contrast, in testing, B cell-intrinsic IRF-1 expression promoted the MHV68-driven germinal center response and the establishment of chronic infection. Our report highlights the underappreciated multifaceted role of IRF-1 in MHV68 infection and pathogenesis.
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Zhu LJ, Pan Y, Chen XY, Hou PF. BUB1 promotes proliferation of liver cancer cells by activating SMAD2 phosphorylation. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:3506-3512. [PMID: 32269624 PMCID: PMC7114935 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Budding uninhibited by benzimidazoles 1 (BUB1) is a mitotic checkpoint serine/threonine kinase that has been reported as an oncogene or tumor suppressor gene in various types of cancer, including breast cancer, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, prostate and gastric cancers. However, its role in liver cancer remains unclear. The present study aimed to explore the biological function of BUB1 in liver cancer. The present study demonstrated that BUB1 mRNA expression levels and the intensity of immunohistochemical staining were significantly increased in liver cancer tissues compared with normal tissues. The role of BUB1 in cell proliferation was also determined. Overexpression of BUB1 significantly promoted cell proliferation, whereas knockdown of BUB1 expression inhibited the proliferation of liver cancer cell lines. In experiments investigating the underlying mechanism, overexpression of BUB1 increased the levels of SMAD2 phosphorylation, whereas knockdown of BUB1 reduced the levels of SMAD2 phosphorylation. Therefore, BUB1 may promote proliferation of liver cancer cells by activating phosphorylation of SMAD2, and BUB1 may serve as a potential target in the diagnosis and/or treatment of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jing Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Lianshui County People's Hospital, Huaian, Jiangsu 223400, P.R. China
| | - Yan Pan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Lianshui County People's Hospital, Huaian, Jiangsu 223400, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Ying Chen
- Clinical Laboratory, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Pan-Fei Hou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Lianshui County People's Hospital, Huaian, Jiangsu 223400, P.R. China
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22
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IRF-2 Inhibits Gastric Cancer Invasion and Migration by Down-Regulating MMP-1. Dig Dis Sci 2020; 65:168-177. [PMID: 31350707 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-019-05739-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The interferon regulatory factor 2 (IRF-2) acted as a tumor suppressor. We inspected IRF-2 as a predictor of prognosis in gastric cancer (GC) patients and tried to find out the potential molecular mechanism. METHODS In this study, the association between IRF-2 expression and clinical or prognosis significance was investigated in 86 pairs of tumor and the adjacent normal gastric tissues from GC patients. After establishing the stable cell lines, the Transwell assays were deduced to evaluate the malignancy of tumor. Then, microarray assay was carried out and the GO/KEGG pathway analyses were conducted to identify IRF-2's target gene. The relationship between IRF-2 and matrix metalloproteinases 1 (MMP-1) was also investigated by the immunohistochemistry in 15 pairs of tumor and adjacent normal gastric tissues. RESULTS We found that IRF-2 expression level in GC was significantly correlated with the prognosis of the patients. Transwell assays suggested an impaired ability of invasion and migration in IRF-2-overexpressed GC cells and a progressive malignant phenotype in IRF-2-knockdown GC cells. Ninety differentially expressed genes were found between IRF-2-overexpressed GC cells and its normal control sets by microarray. We demonstrated that MMP-1 was canonical in the network of differentially expressed genes by GO and KEGG pathway analysis and its expression level was markedly decreased in IRF-2-overexpressed cells of MKN-45 and increased in IRF-2-knockdown cells of SGC-7901. The expression of MMP-1 was inversely correlated with IRF-2 in GAC TMA specimens. CONCLUSION IRF-2 may inhibit GC progression by down-regulating MMP-1 level.
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AL-Eitan LN, Alghamdi MA, Tarkhan AH, Al-Qarqaz FA. Genome-Wide Tiling Array Analysis of HPV-Induced Warts Reveals Aberrant Methylation of Protein-Coding and Non-Coding Regions. Genes (Basel) 2019; 11:E34. [PMID: 31892232 PMCID: PMC7017144 DOI: 10.3390/genes11010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The human papillomaviruses (HPV) are a group of double-stranded DNA viruses that exhibit an exclusive tropism for squamous epithelia. HPV can either be low- or high-risk depending on its ability to cause benign lesions or cancer, respectively. Unsurprisingly, the majority of epigenetic research has focused on the high-risk HPV types, neglecting the low-risk types in the process. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to better understand the epigenetics of wart formation by investigating the differences in methylation between HPV-induced cutaneous warts and normal skin. A number of clear and very significant differences in methylation patterns were found between cutaneous warts and normal skin. Around 55% of the top-ranking 100 differentially methylated genes in warts were protein coding, including the EXOC4, KCNU, RTN1, LGI1, IRF2, and NRG1 genes. Additionally, non-coding RNA genes, such as the AZIN1-AS1, LINC02008, and MGC27382 genes, constituted 11% of the top-ranking 100 differentially methylated genes. Warts exhibited a unique pattern of methylation that is a possible explanation for their transient nature. Since the genetics of cutaneous wart formation are not completely known, the findings of the present study could contribute to a better understanding of how HPV infection modulates host methylation to give rise to warts in the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laith N. AL-Eitan
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan;
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Mansour A. Alghamdi
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Amneh H. Tarkhan
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan;
| | - Firas A. Al-Qarqaz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan;
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, King Abdullah University Hospital, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
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Ni Q, Chen P, Zhu B, Li J, Xie D, Ma X. Expression levels of EPHB4, EFNB2 and caspase-8 are associated with clinicopathological features and progression of esophageal squamous cell cancer. Oncol Lett 2019; 19:917-929. [PMID: 31885720 PMCID: PMC6924202 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.11160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The upregulation of EPH receptor B4 (EPHB4) results in a survival advantage for tumor cells via the inhibition of the casapse-8-mediated apoptotic pathway, which begins from the cell membrane. The present study investigated the expression patterns of EPHB4, ephrin B2 (EFNB2) and caspase-8 in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The association between the expression patterns and certain clinicopathological characteristics of the patients was also determined. mRNA levels of EPHB4, EFNB2 and caspase-8 in paired primary ESCC samples and adjacent esophageal tissues collected from 96 patients with ESCC were quantified using quantitative PCR. Upregulation of EPHB4 and EFNB2 mRNA expression, and downregulation of caspase-8 mRNA were detected in ESCC samples compared with that in the adjacent esophageal tissues. The expression levels of EPHB4 and EFNB2 were positively correlated with each other, whereas the mRNA levels of both EPHB4 and EFNB2 exhibited a negative correlation with that of caspase-8. The mRNA levels of both EPHB4 and EFNB2 demonstrated a significant positive association with certain clinicopathological features of patients with ESCC, including family history, tumor size, metastasis and stage. Conversely, a negative association was revealed between the expression level of caspase-8 and clinicopathological features of patients with ESCC. Moreover, mRNA expression levels of EPHB4 and EFNB2 were negatively associated with survival times of patients with ESCC, whereas the level of caspase-8 was positively associated with patient outcome. The results from the present study suggested that EPHB4, EFNB2 and caspase-8 may be implicated in the tumorigenesis and progression of ESCC, and that consequently, they may serve as useful prognostic markers, as well as potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianzhi Ni
- School of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - Pingping Chen
- Department of Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 45001, P.R. China
| | - Bing Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - Jingjing Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - Dong Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, P.R. China
| | - Xingyuan Ma
- School of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China
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Ohsugi T, Yamaguchi K, Zhu C, Ikenoue T, Takane K, Shinozaki M, Tsurita G, Yano H, Furukawa Y. Anti-apoptotic effect by the suppression of IRF1 as a downstream of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in colorectal cancer cells. Oncogene 2019; 38:6051-6064. [PMID: 31292489 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0856-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Impaired Wnt signaling pathway plays a crucial role in the development of colorectal cancer through activation of the β-catenin/TCF7L2 complex. Although genes upregulated by Wnt/β-catenin signaling have been intensively studied, the roles of downregulated genes are poorly understood. Previously, we reported that interferon-induced proteins with tetratricopeptide repeats 2 (IFIT2) was downregulated by the Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and that the suppressed expression of IFIT2 conferred antiapoptotic property to colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. However, the mechanisms underlying how Wnt/β-catenin signaling regulates IFIT2 remain to be elucidated. In this study, we have uncovered that the expression of IFIT2 is induced by IRF1, which is negatively regulated by the Wnt/β-catenin signaling. In addition, we found that downregulation of IRF1 is mediated by its degradation through the ubiquitination-proteasome pathway, and that decreased activity of a deubiquitinase complex containing USP1 and UAF1 is involved in the degradation of IRF1 by Wnt/β-catenin signaling. These data should provide better understanding of the Wnt signaling pathway and human carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Ohsugi
- Division of Clinical Genome Research, Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Yamaguchi
- Division of Clinical Genome Research, Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Chi Zhu
- Division of Clinical Genome Research, Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Ikenoue
- Division of Clinical Genome Research, Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Kiyoko Takane
- Division of Clinical Genome Research, Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Masaru Shinozaki
- Department of Surgery, IMSUT Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Giichiro Tsurita
- Department of Surgery, IMSUT Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Hideaki Yano
- Department of Surgery, Center Hospital of the National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Yoichi Furukawa
- Division of Clinical Genome Research, Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan.
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26
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Huang J, Li J, Li Y, Lu Z, Che Y, Mao S, Lei Y, Zang R, Zheng S, Liu C, Wang X, Li N, Sun N, He J. Interferon-inducible lncRNA IRF1-AS represses esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by promoting interferon response. Cancer Lett 2019; 459:86-99. [PMID: 31173852 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) play crucial roles in the development and treatment of cancer. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging molecules involved in cancer progression. Here, we identified and characterized an IFN-inducible nuclear lncRNA IRF1-AS (Interferon Regulatory Factor 1 Antisense RNA) which was positively correlated with IRF1 expression. IFNs upregulate IRF1-AS via the JAK-STAT pathway. Knockdown and overexpression of IRF1-AS revealed that IRF1-AS inhibits oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) proliferation and promotes apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, IRF1-AS activates IRF1 (Interferon Regulatory Factor 1) transcription through interacting with ILF3 (Interleukin Enhancer Binding Factor 3) and DHX9 (DExH-Box Helicase 9). In turn, IRF1 binds to the IRF1-AS promoter directly and activates IRF1-AS transcription. Global analysis of IRF1-AS-regulated genes indicated that IRF1-AS activates the IFN response in vitro and in vivo. IRF1 knockdown in IRF1-AS-overexpressing cells abolished the antiproliferative effect and activation of the IFN response. Furthermore, IRF1-AS was downregulated in ESCC tissues, and low expression correlated with poor prognosis. In conclusion, the interferon-inducible lncRNA IRF1-AS represses esophageal squamous cell carcinoma progression by promoting interferon response through a positive regulatory loop with IRF1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbing Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Jiagen Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Zhiliang Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yun Che
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Shuangshuang Mao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yuanyuan Lei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Ruochuan Zang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Sufei Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Chengming Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xinfeng Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Nan Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Jie He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
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27
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Samiei H, Sadighi-Moghaddam B, Mohammadi S, Gharavi A, Abdolmaleki S, Khosravi A, Kokhaei P, Bazzazi H, Memarian A. Dysregulation of helper T lymphocytes in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients is highly associated with aberrant production of miR-21. Immunol Res 2019; 67:212-222. [PMID: 31278653 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-019-09079-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of helper T (Th) cell subsets has been contributed to the initiation and propagation of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Different microRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to control the development and functions of tumor-associated immune cells in ESCC. Here, we aimed to assess the IL-10, TGF-β, IFN-γ, and IL-17a-producing CD3+CD8- T cells in association whit miR-21, miR-29b, miR-106a, and miR-155 expression in ESCC patients. A total of 34 ESCC patients including 12 newly diagnosed (ND) and 22 under-treatment (UT) cases and also 34 age-matched healthy donors were enrolled. Flow cytometric characterization of stimulated T cells was performed by staining of the cells with fluorescent conjugated specific anti-human CD3 and CD8 cell surface markers as well as IL-17a, IFN-γ, IL-10, and TGF-β intracytoplasmic cytokines. Circulating RNA was extracted from the plasma, and qRT-PCR was used to evaluate the expression of microRNAs. TGF-β plasma levels were also assessed by ELISA. Results showed that the frequency of Th cells was significantly reduced in patients. A significant increase in Treg as well as Th17 cells population in both patient subgroups was observed. ND patients showed elevated level of Th1 cells and IL-10. However the mean expression of IFN-γ was significantly decreased in Th cells. We also detected higher level of miR-21 in the ESCC patients which was significantly correlated with different subsets of Th cells. Our findings revealed that immune response related to the Th cells is highly impaired in ESCC patients. Association between miR-21 and Th subsets could be correlated with the impairment of anti-tumor immunity and ESCC pathogenesis, which could be potentially used as an important target for immunotherapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadiseh Samiei
- Student Research Committee, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Bizhan Sadighi-Moghaddam
- Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Saeed Mohammadi
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
- Stem Cell Research center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Abdolsamad Gharavi
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Sara Abdolmaleki
- Student Research Committee, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ayyoob Khosravi
- Stem Cell Research center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Parviz Kokhaei
- Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Immune and Gene Therapy Laboratory, Cancer Centre Karolinska, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hadi Bazzazi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Gorgan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Ali Memarian
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
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Li X, Zhou C, Zhang C, Xie X, Zhou Z, Zhou M, Chen L, Ding Z. MicroRNA-664 functions as an oncogene in cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (cSCC) via suppressing interferon regulatory factor 2. J Dermatol Sci 2019; 94:330-338. [PMID: 31138473 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant expression of microRNA-664 was involved in tumor growth and metastasis of various cancers. The specific role of miR-664 in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is yet to be elucidated. OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms underpinning of cSCC development and provide translational insights for future therapeutics. METHODS Human cSCC specimens were used to determine the miR-664 by in situhybridization and IRF2 by immunohistochemistry. To study the potential mechanisms in tumorigenesis, three cSCC cell lines including HSC-5, HSC-1 and A431 as well as BALB/C mouse tumor model was utilized. RESULTS We found that miR-664 was remarkably high in cSCC patient specimens and cSCC cell lines. Overexpression of miR-664 promotes tumorigenic behaviors such as increased cell proliferation, migration and invasion capacities in vitro and enhanced tumorigenicity in xenograft mouse model. Our data further identified IRF2 as a direct downstream target of miR-664. Knockdown of IRF2 reverses pro-tumorigenesis phenotype of miR-664; whereas IRF2 over-expression inhibits miR-664 tumorigenesis in cSCC. Together, it revealed miR-664 functions as an oncogene in cSCC via suppression of IRF2. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrates that aberrant expression of miR-664 plays a critical role in carcinogenesis of cSCC. The discovery of novel targets such as miR-664 and IRF2 will facilitate future development of therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangzhi Li
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiongxiong Xie
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoming Zhou
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meijuan Zhou
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Longhua Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zhenhua Ding
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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29
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Stoltz KP, Jondle CN, Pulakanti K, Sylvester PA, Urrutia R, Rao S, Tarakanova VL. Tumor suppressor Interferon Regulatory Factor 1 selectively blocks expression of endogenous retrovirus. Virology 2019; 526:52-60. [PMID: 30342302 PMCID: PMC6875439 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) comprise 10% of the genome, with many of these transcriptionally silenced post early embryogenesis. Several stimuli, including exogenous virus infection and cellular transformation can reactivate ERV expression via a poorly understood mechanism. We identified Interferon Regulatory Factor 1 (IRF-1), a tumor suppressor and an antiviral host factor, as a suppressor of ERV expression. IRF-1 decreased expression of a specific mouse ERV in vitro and in vivo. IRF-3, but not IRF-7, also decreased expression of distinct ERV families, suggesting that suppression of ERVs is a relevant biological function of the IRF family. Given the emerging appreciation of the physiological relevance of ERV expression in cancer, IRF-1-mediated suppression of specific ERVs may contribute to the overall tumor suppressor activity of this host factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- K P Stoltz
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - C N Jondle
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - K Pulakanti
- Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, a Part of Versiti, 8727 West Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
| | - P A Sylvester
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - R Urrutia
- Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States; Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - S Rao
- Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, a Part of Versiti, 8727 West Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States.
| | - V L Tarakanova
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States; Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States.
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30
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Huang J, Li Y, Lu Z, Che Y, Sun S, Mao S, Lei Y, Zang R, Li N, Sun N, He J. Long non-coding RNA GAS5 is induced by interferons and plays an antitumor role in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Med 2018; 7:3157-3167. [PMID: 29745062 PMCID: PMC6051207 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The long non-coding RNA GAS5 has been reported as a tumor suppressor in many cancers. However, its functions and mechanisms remain largely unknown in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). In this study, we found that GAS5 was over-expressed in ESCC tissue compared with that in normal esophageal tissue in a public database. Functional studies showed that GAS5 could inhibit ESCC cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro. Further analysis revealed that GAS5 was regulated by interferon (IFN) responses via the JAK-STAT pathway. Moreover, as an IFN-stimulated gene (ISG), GAS5 was a positive regulator of IFN responses. The feedback loop between GAS5 and the IFN signaling pathway plays an important antitumor role in ESCC, thus providing novel potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbing Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiliang Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Che
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shouguo Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shuangshuang Mao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Lei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ruochuan Zang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jie He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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31
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Interferon regulatory factor 1 inactivation in human cancer. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20171672. [PMID: 29599126 PMCID: PMC5938431 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20171672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) are a group of closely related proteins collectively referred to as the IRF family. Members of this family were originally recognized for their roles in inflammatory responses; however, recent research has suggested that they are also involved in tumor biology. This review focusses on current knowledge of the roles of IRF-1 and IRF-2 in human cancer, with particular attention paid to the impact of IRF-1 inactivation. The different mechanisms underlying IRF-1 inactivation and their implications for human cancers and the potential importance of IRF-1 in immunotherapy are also summarized.
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32
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Zhong CQ, Zhang XP, Ma N, Zhang EB, Li JJ, Jiang YB, Gao YZ, Yuan YM, Lan SQ, Xie D, Cheng SQ. FABP4 suppresses proliferation and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma cells and predicts a poor prognosis for hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Med 2018; 7:2629-2640. [PMID: 29733540 PMCID: PMC6010697 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (FABP4) is abundant in macrophage and adipocyte. It is known to be involved in lipid metabolism. The role of FABP4 has been reported in various cancers, such as non-small cell lung cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and prostatic cancer. However, its role remains unclear in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In our study, we investigated the expression of FABP4 at both mRNA and protein levels, and by examining 175 cases of patients with cancer of the liver tissue microarray, the significance between the expression of FABP4 and clinical characteristics had been discussed. We found that FABP4 was lowly expressed in HCC tissues compared to the corresponding tissue adjacent, and the expression of FABP4 was significantly associated with the tumor size, PVTT, recurrence-free survival and overall survival. Moreover, multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that the expression of FABP4, Alb, AFP, HBsAg, and PVTT were independent risk factors for overall survival, and the expression of FABP4, AFP, GGT, tumor size, and encapsulation were independent risk factors for HCC recurrence. In addition, we revealed that FABP4 suppressed HCC cell proliferation and invasion in vitro. Moreover, overexpression of FABP4 led to inhibit tumor growth and decreased tumor volume in vivo. These phenotypes were associated with altered expression of Snail and p-STAT3. Our studies thus suggest that FABP4 could be a potential target for HCC chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Qian Zhong
- Department of Hepatic Surgery VI, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,LongYan First Hospital, Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Xiu-Ping Zhang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery VI, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Ma
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Er-Bin Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Jing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-Bo Jiang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery VI, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Zhen Gao
- Department of Molecular Diagnosis, Clinical Medical School of YangZhou University, Subei People's Hospital, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Mei Yuan
- Department of Hepatic Surgery VI, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-Qian Lan
- LongYan First Hospital, Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Dong Xie
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Qun Cheng
- Department of Hepatic Surgery VI, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Zhang M, Zhang L, Cui M, Ye W, Zhang P, Zhou S, Wang J. miR-302b inhibits cancer-related inflammation by targeting ERBB4, IRF2 and CXCR4 in esophageal cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 8:49053-49063. [PMID: 28467773 PMCID: PMC5564748 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer related inflammation (CRI) plays an important role in the development of esophageal cancer (EC), and the target gene analysis shows that miR-302b potential target genes closely correlated to CRI important signaling pathways. The present study was to evaluate the inhibition of miR-302b on CRI in EC and its mechanism. We found that the expression levels of miR-302b in EC cells were lower than that in Het-1A cells, while TE11 with the lowest expression and OE33 with the highest. Inflammatory stimuli at 48 h significantly reduced expression of miR-302b in EC cells, but had no effect in Het-1A. After up-regulation of miR-302b in TE11 and down-regulation of miR-302b in OE33, it was found that miR-302b reduced CRI key transcription factors and representative cytokines. Then, over-expressed of miR-302b significantly altered potential target genes protein expressions and there was a negative correlation between miR-302b and potential target genes protein expressions (ERBB4, IRF2 and CXCR4) in EC tissues. Then reporter gene analysis revealed that miR-302b post-transcriptionally regulated expression of target genes by specific area of 3′-UTR. Transfected by target genes shRNA plasmids together could get the same effects of miR-302b on protein expression of CRI key transcription factors. Furthermore, miR-302b was able to repress tumor growth and transcription factors protein expression in vivo. These finding suggests that miR-302b inhibits key transcription factors and cytokines by targeting ERBB4, IRF2 and CXCR4, implicating its role in the inhibition of CRI in EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxin Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Lingmin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Manli Cui
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Wenguang Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Pengjiang Zhang
- Second Department of Cadre's Ward, Lanzhou General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Suna Zhou
- Department of Radiotherapy, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jingjie Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi Province, China
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34
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Mei Z, Wang G, Liang Z, Cui A, Xu A, Liu Y, Liu C, Yang Y, Cui L. Prognostic value of IRF-2 expression in colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 8:38969-38977. [PMID: 28465494 PMCID: PMC5503587 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factor 2 (IRF-2) is known to play a pivotal role in the development and progression of several malignancies. As a crucial member of interferon regulatory factor family, the association between the expression of IRF-2 and clinical prognostic significance has not been fully explored in colorectal cancer (CRC). The purpose of our study was to investigate the expression profile of IRF-2 in CRC and to examine its association with clinical features. The expression levels of IRF-2 in 18 paired CRC and non-cancerous colorectal tissues were measured by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and those in 4 paired samples by Western blotting. The results showed a significant increase in IRF-2 mRNA expression and protein expression in CRC tissues compared to those in paired normal tissues. Besides, high expression of IRF-2 was significantly associated with distant metastasis (P = 0.041) and preoperative serum CEA level (P = 0.045). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that patients with high expression of IRF-2 had a significantly worse overall survival than those with low expression of IRF-2 (P = 0.006). Further multivariate analysis indicated that IRF-2 and TNM stage were independent prognostic factors for overall survival in patients with CRC. Our study primarily suggests IRF-2 as a potential prognostic biomarker in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zubing Mei
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Colorectal Cancer Research Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Guanghui Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Colorectal Cancer Research Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhonglin Liang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Colorectal Cancer Research Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Ang Cui
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Colorectal Cancer Research Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Andong Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital to Yangzhou University School of Medicine, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Colorectal Cancer Research Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenying Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Colorectal Cancer Research Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yili Yang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Colorectal Cancer Research Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Long Cui
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Colorectal Cancer Research Center, Shanghai, China
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Kawaguchi M, Oka T, Sugaya M, Suga H, Kimura T, Morimura S, Fujita H, Sato S. IRF-2 haploinsufficiency causes enhanced imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation. J Dermatol Sci 2018; 90:35-45. [PMID: 29305258 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2017.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS IFN regulatory factor (IRF)-2 is one of the potential susceptibility genes for psoriasis, but how this gene influences psoriasis pathogenesis is unclear. Topical application of imiquimod (IMQ), a TLR7 ligand, induces psoriasis-like skin lesions in mice. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate whether IRF-2 gene status would influence severity of skin disease in IMQ-treated mice. METHODS Imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation was assessed by clinical findings, histology, and cytokine expression. The effects of imiquimod or IFN on peritoneal macrophages were analyzed in vitro. RESULTS IMQ-induced skin inflammation assessed by clinical findings and histology was more severe in IRF-2+/- mice than in wild-type mice. In inflamed skin, mRNA expression levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-12/23p40, IL-17A, and IL-22 were significantly elevated in IRF-2+/- mice compared to wild-type mice. Stimulation of peritoneal macrophages by IMQ significantly increased mRNA levels of TNF-α, IL-12/23p40, IL-23p19, IL-12p35, and IL-36. Interestingly, macrophages from IRF-2+/- mice expressed higher levels of TNF-α, IL-12/23p40, and IL-36 compared to those from wild-type mice 24 h after stimulation, while they expressed similar levels of IL-12p35 and IL-23p19. Moreover, elevated mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase was observed only in IMQ-stimulated macrophages derived from IRF-2+/- mice, which correlated with angiogenesis in IMQ-treated ears of IRF-2+/- mice. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that IRF-2 haploinsufficiency creates heightened biologic responses to IFN-α that phenotypically lead to enhanced angiogenesis and psoriasis-like inflammation within skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makiko Kawaguchi
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomonori Oka
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Sugaya
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Hiraku Suga
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kimura
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sohshi Morimura
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Fujita
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Sato
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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36
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Fujishima H, Fumoto S, Shibata T, Nishiki K, Tsukamoto Y, Etoh T, Moriyama M, Shiraishi N, Inomata M. A 17-molecule set as a predictor of complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy with docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil in esophageal cancer. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188098. [PMID: 29136005 PMCID: PMC5685591 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recently, neoadjuvant chemotherapy with docetaxel/cisplatin/5-fluorouracil (NAC-DCF) was identified as a novel strong regimen with a high rate of pathological complete response (pCR) in advanced esophageal cancer in Japan. Predicting pCR will contribute to the therapeutic strategy and the prevention of surgical invasion. However, a predictor of pCR after NAC-DCF has not yet been developed. The aim of this study was to identify a novel predictor of pCR in locally advanced esophageal cancer treated with NAC-DCF. Patients and methods A total of 32 patients who received NAC-DCF followed by esophagectomy between June 2013 and March 2016 were enrolled in this study. We divided the patients into the following 2 groups: pCR group (9 cases) and non-pCR group (23 cases), and compared gene expressions between these groups using DNA microarray data and KeyMolnet. Subsequently, a validation study of candidate molecular expression was performed in 7 additional cases. Results Seventeen molecules, including transcription factor E2F, T-cell-specific transcription factor, Src (known as “proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase of sarcoma”), interferon regulatory factor 1, thymidylate synthase, cyclin B, cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4, CDK, caspase-1, vitamin D receptor, histone deacetylase, MAPK/ERK kinase, bcl-2-associated X protein, runt-related transcription factor 1, PR domain zinc finger protein 1, platelet-derived growth factor receptor, and interleukin 1, were identified as candidate molecules. The molecules were mainly associated with pathways, such as transcriptional regulation by SMAD, RB/E2F, and STAT. The validation study indicated that 12 of the 17 molecules (71%) matched the trends of molecular expression. Conclusions A 17-molecule set that predicts pCR after NAC-DCF for locally advanced esophageal cancer was identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Fujishima
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Oita, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Shoichi Fumoto
- Department of Surgery, Oita Nakamura Hospital, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Tomotaka Shibata
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Kohei Nishiki
- Department of Surgery, Oita Nakamura Hospital, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Tsukamoto
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Etoh
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Moriyama
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Norio Shiraishi
- Comprehensive Surgery for Community Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Masafumi Inomata
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Oita, Japan
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37
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Kanayama M, Hayano T, Koebis M, Maeda T, Tabe Y, Horie S, Aiba A. Hyperactive mTOR induces neuroendocrine differentiation in prostate cancer cell with concurrent up-regulation of IRF1. Prostate 2017; 77:1489-1498. [PMID: 28905415 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroendocrine-differentiated prostate cancer (NEPCa) is refractory to androgen deprivation therapy and shows a poor prognosis. The underlying mechanisms responsible for neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) are yet to be clarified. In this study, we investigated the role of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in NEPCa. METHODS We utilized a gain-of-function analysis by establishing a human PCa LNCaP stable line that expresses hyperactive mTOR (LNCaP-mTOR). Then, we employed a comprehensive mass spectrometric analysis to identify a key transcription factor in LNCaP-mTOR, followed by a loss-of-function analysis using CRISPR/Cas system. RESULTS The activation of mTOR induced NED. We observed significant cell growth arrest in NED of LNCaP-mTOR, which accompanied increased expression of p21WAF1/CIP1 . A comprehensive mass spectrometric analysis identified interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1) as a key transcription factor in growth arrest of LNCaP-mTOR. The disruption of IRF1 gene in LNCaP-mTOR reversed cell growth arrest along with the suppression of its target p21WAF1/CIP1 . These results indicate that the growth arrest in NED is at least in part dependent on IRF1 through the induction of p21WAF1/CIP1 . CONCLUSIONS We identified active mTOR as a novel inducer of NED, and elucidated a mechanism underlying the malignant transformation of NEPCa by recapitulating NED in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuko Kanayama
- Department of Urology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory of Animal Resources, Center for Disease Biology and Integrated Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiya Hayano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| | - Michinori Koebis
- Laboratory of Animal Resources, Center for Disease Biology and Integrated Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Maeda
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Tabe
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeo Horie
- Department of Urology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsu Aiba
- Laboratory of Animal Resources, Center for Disease Biology and Integrated Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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38
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Ke L, Zhou H, Wang C, Xiong G, Xiang Y, Ling Y, Khabir A, Tsao GS, Zeng Y, Zeng M, Busson P, Kieff E, Guo X, Zhao B. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma super-enhancer-driven ETV6 correlates with prognosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:9683-9688. [PMID: 28831010 PMCID: PMC5594663 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1705236114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) most frequently occurs in southern China and southeast Asia. Epidemiology studies link NPC to genetic predisposition, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, and environmental factors. Genetic studies indicate that mutations in chromatin-modifying enzymes are the most frequent genetic alterations in NPC. Here, we used H3K27ac chromatin immune precipitation followed by deep sequencing (ChIP-seq) to define the NPC epigenome in primary NPC biopsies, NPC xenografts, and an NPC cell line, and compared them to immortalized normal nasopharyngeal or oral epithelial cells. We identified NPC-specific enhancers and found these enhancers were enriched with nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), IFN-responsive factor 1 (IRF1) and IRF2, and ETS family members ETS1 motifs. Normal cell-specific enhancers were enriched with basic leucine zipper family members and TP53 motifs. NPC super-enhancers with extraordinarily broad and high H3K27ac signals were also identified, and they were linked to genes important for oncogenesis including ETV6. ETV6 was also highly expressed in NPC biopsies by immunohistochemistry. High ETV6 expression correlated with a poor prognosis. Furthermore, we defined the EBV episome epigenetic landscapes in primary NPC tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangru Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, People's Republic of China
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Hufeng Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Chong Wang
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Geng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, People's Republic of China
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Yanqun Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihong Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Abdelmajid Khabir
- Pathology Department, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, 4100 Medenine, Tunisia
- School of Medicine, University of Sfax, 3029 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - George S Tsao
- Department of Anatomy, Center for Cancer Research, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Musheng Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, People's Republic of China;
| | - Pierre Busson
- CNRS, UMR 8126, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, F-94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Elliott Kieff
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115;
| | - Xiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, People's Republic of China;
| | - Bo Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115;
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Interferon regulatory factors: A key to tumour immunity. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 49:1-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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40
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MicroRNA-18a-5p functions as an oncogene by directly targeting IRF2 in lung cancer. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2764. [PMID: 28471447 PMCID: PMC5520692 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the major form of cancer resulting in cancer-related mortality around the world. MicroRNAs are endogenous small non-coding single-stranded RNAs, which can engage in the regulation of gene expression. In this study, miR-18a-5p significantly upregulated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues and NSCLC cell lines, suggesting an oncogenic function in lung cancer. Additionally, miR-18a-5p can promote carcinogenesis by directly targeting interferon regulatory factor 2 (IRF2). Further experiments indicated that IRF2 can increase cell apoptosis, inhibit cell proliferation and migration ability. Our study demonstrates that miR-18a-5p promotes autophagy in NSCLC. Collectively, these results indicate that miR-18a-5p can not only promote NSCLC by suppressing IRF2, but also will be a promising target in the near future.
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Li YR, Wen LQ, Wang Y, Zhou TC, Ma N, Hou ZH, Jiang ZP. MicroRNA-520c enhances cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by suppressing IRF2 in gastric cancer. FEBS Open Bio 2016; 6:1257-1266. [PMID: 28203525 PMCID: PMC5302056 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of microRNA (miRNA) is actively involved in the development and progression of gastric cancer (GC). MiR‐520c was previously found to be overexpressed in GC specimens and cells. However, the clinical significance of miR‐520c and its biological function in GC remain largely unknown. Here, we found that miR‐520c expression in GC tissues was significantly increased compared to normal adjacent gastric tissues. Its increased level was prominently correlated with poor clinical parameters and prognosis of GC patients. Accordingly, the expression of miR‐520c was obviously elevated in GC cell lines as compared with gastric epithelial cells. Overexpression of miR‐520c in N‐87 cells significantly increased the proliferative ability, migration, and invasion of cancer cells, while miR‐520c silencing suppressed MKN‐45 cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro. Mechanically, miR‐520c inversely regulated interferon regulatory factor 2 (IRF2) abundance in GC cells. Herein, IRF2 was found to be a downstream target of miR‐520c in GC. Furthermore, IRF2 was down‐regulated in GC tissues compared to nontumor tissues. An inverse correlation between IRF2 and miR‐520c expression was observed in GC cases. Taken together, miR‐520c may serve as a prognostic predictor and a therapeutic target for GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ru Li
- Department of Gastroenterology Hernia and Abdominal Wall Surgery The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Li-Qiang Wen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of General Surgery Shenzhen Hospital of Armed Police Frontier Corps China
| | - Tai-Cheng Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology Hernia and Abdominal Wall Surgery The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Ning Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology Hernia and Abdominal Wall Surgery The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Ze-Hui Hou
- Department of Gastroenterology Hernia and Abdominal Wall Surgery The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Zhi-Peng Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology Hernia and Abdominal Wall Surgery The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou China
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Liu F, Yu X, Huang H, Chen X, Wang J, Zhang X, Lin Q. Upregulation of microRNA-450 inhibits the progression of lung cancer in vitro and in vivo by targeting interferon regulatory factor 2. Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:283-90. [PMID: 27246609 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non‑coding RNAs that play pivotal roles in human lung cancer development. The majority of studies have focused on either non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) or small cell lung cancer (SCLC). In the present study, we investigated a plausible mechanism of action of miR‑450 in these types of lung cancer. We found that the level of miR‑450 was decreased in lung cancer cell lines, as well as in solid tumors. As exemplified in the H510A (SCLC) and H2291 (NSCLC) cells, transfection with lentivirus carrying miR‑450 upregulated miR‑450 expression and significantly attenuated lung cancer cell proliferation and invasion, as well as the growth of implantated tumors. Interferon regulatory factor 2 (IRF2) was also verified to be a direct target of miR‑450 in lung cancer cells. The overexpression of IRF2 in the H510A and H2291 cells abrogated the inhibitory effects of miR‑450 on lung cancer cell proliferation and invasion. Taken together, in this study, we identified a novel role of miR‑450 in lung cancer. miR-450 targets IRF2 and thus supresses lung cancer cell proliferation and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabing Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobo Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Haihua Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomiao Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
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Feng M, Dai M, Xie T, Li Z, Shi M, Zhang X. Innate Immune Responses in ALV-J Infected Chicks and Chickens with Hemangioma In Vivo. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:786. [PMID: 27252695 PMCID: PMC4879323 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) infection can cause tumors and immunosuppression. Since the precise mechanism of the innate immune response induced by ALV-J is unknown, we investigated the antiviral innate immune responses induced by ALV-J in chicks and chickens that had developed tumors. Spleen levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10, IL-1β, and interferon-β (IFN-β) were not significantly different between the infected chick groups and the control groups from 1 day post hatch to 7 days post hatch. However, IL-6, IL-1β, and IFN-β protein levels in the three clinical samples with hemangiomas were dramatically increased compared to the healthy samples. In addition, the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 increased sharply in two of three clinical samples. We also found a more than 20-fold up-regulation of ISG12-1 mRNA at 1 day post infection (d.p.i.) and a twofold up-regulation of ZC3HAV1 mRNA at 4 d.p.i. However, there were no statistical differences in ISG12-1 and ZC3HAV1 mRNA expression levels in the tumorigenesis phase. ALV-J infection induced a significant increase of Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR-7) at 1 d.p.i. and dramatically increased the mRNA levels of melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) in the tumorigenesis phase. Moreover, the protein levels of interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) were decreased in chickens with tumors. These results suggest that ALV-J was primarily recognized by chicken TLR7 and MDA5 at early and late in vivo infection stages, respectively. ALV-J strain SCAU-HN06 did not induce any significant antiviral innate immune response in 1 week old chicks. However, interferon-stimulated genes were not induced normally during the late phase of ALV-J infection due to a reduction of IRF1 and STAT1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Feng
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of AgricultureGuangzhou, China
| | - Manman Dai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Xie
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of AgricultureGuangzhou, China
| | - Zhenhui Li
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of AgricultureGuangzhou, China
| | - Meiqing Shi
- Division of Immunology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park MD, USA
| | - Xiquan Zhang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of AgricultureGuangzhou, China
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Chen YJ, Wu H, Zhu JM, Li XD, Luo SW, Dong L, Liu TT, Shen XZ. MicroRNA-18a modulates P53 expression by targeting IRF2 in gastric cancer patients. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016; 31:155-63. [PMID: 26173586 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.13041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM MicroRNA-18a (miR-18a) has been reported to be upregulated in gastric cancer (GC) tissues compared with normal gastric tissues. However, little is known about its prognostic value and biological roles. METHODS In this study, miR-18a expression in gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) tissues and adjacent non-tumor tissues was validated by in situ hybridization, and the predictive values of miR-18a were explored. The biological roles of miR-18a and the underlying signal pathway were investigated in GC cell lines. RESULTS Overexpressed intra-tumoral miR-18a was associated with poor survival rate and was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival rate (P < 0.001) in GC patients. Forced expression of miR-18a remarkably enhanced cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in GC cells, while inhibition of miR-18a caused the opposite effects. Further study showed that miR-18a suppressed the expression of interferon regulatory factor 2 (IRF2) by directly binding to its 3'-untranslated region. Moreover, miR-18a expression levels are inversely correlated with IRF2 in human GC tissues. Western blot showed that forced expression of miR-18a could not only downregulate the expression of IRF2, but also inhibit the expression of P53, suggesting that IRF2 might play as a tumor suppressor by regulating P53 signaling in GC. CONCLUSION miR-18a modulated P53 expression by directly targeting IRF2 and had a high predictive value for prognosis of GAC patients. These results may lead to identification of therapeutic candidates of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Jie Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology.,Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology.,Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji-Min Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology.,Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Dan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology.,Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Si-Wei Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology.,Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology.,Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao-Tao Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology.,Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi-Zhong Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology.,Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Tumor Suppressor Interferon-Regulatory Factor 1 Counteracts the Germinal Center Reaction Driven by a Cancer-Associated Gammaherpesvirus. J Virol 2015; 90:2818-29. [PMID: 26719266 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02774-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Gammaherpesviruses are ubiquitous pathogens that are associated with the development of B cell lymphomas. Gammaherpesviruses employ multiple mechanisms to transiently stimulate a broad, polyclonal germinal center reaction, an inherently mutagenic stage of B cell differentiation that is thought to be the primary target of malignant transformation in virus-driven lymphomagenesis. We found that this gammaherpesvirus-driven germinal center expansion was exaggerated and lost its transient nature in the absence of interferon-regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1), a transcription factor with antiviral and tumor suppressor functions. Uncontrolled and persistent expansion of germinal center B cells led to pathological changes in the spleens of chronically infected IRF-1-deficient animals. Additionally, we found decreased IRF-1 expression in cases of human posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder, a malignant condition associated with gammaherpesvirus infection. The results of our study define an unappreciated role for IRF-1 in B cell biology and provide insight into the potential mechanism of gammaherpesvirus-driven lymphomagenesis. IMPORTANCE Gammaherpesviruses establish lifelong infection in most adults and are associated with B cell lymphomas. While the infection is asymptomatic in many hosts, it is critical to identify individuals who may be at an increased risk of virus-induced cancer. Such identification is currently impossible, as the host risk factors that predispose individuals toward viral lymphomagenesis are poorly understood. The current study identifies interferon-regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1) to be one of such candidate host factors. Specifically, we found that IRF-1 enforces long-term suppression of an inherently mutagenic stage of B cell differentiation that gammaherpesviruses are thought to target for transformation. Correspondingly, in the absence of IRF-1, chronic gammaherpesvirus infection induced pathological changes in the spleens of infected animals. Further, we found decreased IRF-1 expression in human gammaherpesvirus-induced B cell malignancies.
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IFNg-induced Irgm1 promotes tumorigenesis of melanoma via dual regulation of apoptosis and Bif-1-dependent autophagy. Oncogene 2015; 34:5363-71. [PMID: 25619828 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Interferon gamma (IFNg) has been known as the regulator for both tumor immune surveillance and tumorgenesis. However, mechanisms underlying the resistance of tumor cell to IFNg have yet been fully understood. In the current study, we showed that immunity-related GTPase family member 1 (mouse: Irgm1; human: IRGM) is essential for IFNg-mediated regulation of tumor cell growth in melanoma. IRGM/Irgm1 was highly expressed in human and mouse melanoma. IFNg and starvation synergistically induced Irgm1 expression in melanoma B16 cells. In vivo, injection of Irgm1-siRNA-treated cells significantly reduced the number of tumor nodules and prolonged the mice survival. In vitro, knockdown endogenous or IFNg-induced Irgm1 significantly decreases the proliferation and increases apoptosis of B16 cells. In addition, suppressing Irgm1 decreased the IFNg/starvation-induced autophagy, while overexpressing Irgm1 significantly increased autophagy and rescued starvation-challenged cells. Moreover, IFNg and starvation-induced the co-localization of Irgm1 with Bax-interacting factor 1 (Bif-1). Knockdown of Bif-1 decreased Irgm1-mediated tumor cell autophagy. Taken together, these data reveal an Irgm1-dependent mechanism that promotes the tumorigenesis of melanoma via dual regulation of apoptosis and Bif-1-dependent autophagy.
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The regulation role of interferon regulatory factor-1 gene and clinical relevance. Hum Immunol 2014; 75:1110-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2014.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 09/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Hendry WJ, Hariri HY, Alwis ID, Gunewardena SS, Hendry IR. Altered gene expression patterns during the initiation and promotion stages of neonatally diethylstilbestrol-induced hyperplasia/dysplasia/neoplasia in the hamster uterus. Reprod Toxicol 2014; 50:68-86. [PMID: 25242112 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal treatment of hamsters with diethylstilbestrol (DES) induces uterine hyperplasia/dysplasia/neoplasia (endometrial adenocarcinoma) in adult animals. We subsequently determined that the neonatal DES exposure event directly and permanently disrupts the developing hamster uterus (initiation stage) so that it responds abnormally when it is stimulated with estrogen in adulthood (promotion stage). To identify candidate molecular elements involved in progression of the disruption/neoplastic process, we performed: (1) immunoblot analyses and (2) microarray profiling (Affymetrix Gene Chip System) on sets of uterine protein and RNA extracts, respectively, and (3) immunohistochemical analysis on uterine sections; all from both initiation stage and promotion stage groups of animals. Here we report that: (1) progression of the neonatal DES-induced hyperplasia/dysplasia/neoplasia phenomenon in the hamster uterus involves a wide spectrum of specific gene expression alterations and (2) the gene products involved and their manner of altered expression differ dramatically during the initiation vs. promotion stages of the phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Hendry
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS 67260-0026, United States.
| | - Hussam Y Hariri
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS 67260-0026, United States
| | - Imala D Alwis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS 67260-0026, United States
| | - Sumedha S Gunewardena
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, United States; Bioinformatics Core, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, United States
| | - Isabel R Hendry
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS 67260-0026, United States
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Yang X, Cheng L, Yao L, Ren H, Zhang S, Min X, Chen X, Zhang J, Li M. Involvement of chromosome region maintenance 1 (CRM1) in the formation and progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Med Oncol 2014; 31:155. [PMID: 25148895 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-014-0155-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chromosome region maintenance 1 (CRM1) has been related to several malignancies. The predictive value of CRM1 in the malignance and prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), however, is not clear yet. In this study, we displayed that CRM1 expression was up-regulated in ESCC using immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Statistical analysis demonstrated that patients with high CRM1 levels indicated shorter survival period. We further found that silencing CRM1 caused apoptosis in ESCC cell lines. Moreover, knockdown of CRM1 disturbed the expression of tumor suppressor proteins and inhibited NF-κB activity in ESCC cell lines, especially if the cell line was treated with 5-fluorouracil. In consequence, our results for the first time indicated that CRM1 was dysregulated in ESCC, and suppression of CRM1 expression which resulted in inhibiting of NF-κB signaling might be developed into a new strategy in ESCC therapy.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/mortality
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Disease Progression
- Esophageal Neoplasms/chemistry
- Esophageal Neoplasms/metabolism
- Esophageal Neoplasms/mortality
- Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
- Esophagus/chemistry
- Esophagus/metabolism
- Female
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Karyopherins/analysis
- Karyopherins/genetics
- Karyopherins/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Middle Aged
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Prognosis
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/analysis
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/genetics
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism
- Survival Analysis
- Exportin 1 Protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Yang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pancreatic cancer is one of the most malignant diseases worldwide. Interferon regulatory factor (IRF) 1 and IRF2 function as a tumor suppressor and oncoprotein, respectively, in several types of cancers. We investigated whether IRF1 and IRF2 are involved in the progression of pancreatic cancer. METHODS We examined the expressions of IRF1 and IRF2 in pancreatic cancer specimens and analyzed the association with clinicopathologic features. We evaluated the biological effects of IRF1 and IRF2 using a pancreatic cancer cell line. RESULTS The expression levels of IRF1 and IRF2 were decreased and increased, respectively, in the pancreatic cancer cells compared with those observed in the paired normal areas. A higher expression of IRF1 was associated with better features of tumor differentiation, infiltration depth, tumor size, and survival, whereas that of IRF2 was associated with a worse feature of tumor infiltration depth. Interferon regulatory factor 2-overexpressing PANC-1 cells exhibited an increase in cell growth, less apoptotic features, and chemoresistance to gemcitabine treatment. In contrast, IRF1-overexpressing cells exhibited the opposite characteristics. CONCLUSIONS Interferon regulatory factors 1 and 2 may regulate the progression of pancreatic cancer by functioning as an antioncoprotein and oncoprotein, respectively. These molecules may serve as potential targets of therapy.
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