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Lai C, Xu L, Dai S. The nuclear export protein exportin-1 in solid malignant tumours: From biology to clinical trials. Clin Transl Med 2024; 14:e1684. [PMID: 38783482 PMCID: PMC11116501 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exportin-1 (XPO1), a crucial protein regulating nuclear-cytoplasmic transport, is frequently overexpressed in various cancers, driving tumor progression and drug resistance. This makes XPO1 an attractive therapeutic target. Over the past few decades, the number of available nuclear export-selective inhibitors has been increasing. Only KPT-330 (selinexor) has been successfully used for treating haematological malignancies, and KPT-8602 (eltanexor) has been used for treating haematologic tumours in clinical trials. However, the use of nuclear export-selective inhibitors for the inhibition of XPO1 expression has yet to be thoroughly investigated in clinical studies and therapeutic outcomes for solid tumours. METHODS We collected numerous literatures to explain the efficacy of XPO1 Inhibitors in preclinical and clinical studies of a wide range of solid tumours. RESULTS In this review, we focus on the nuclear export function of XPO1 and results from clinical trials of its inhibitors in solid malignant tumours. We summarized the mechanism of action and therapeutic potential of XPO1 inhibitors, as well as adverse effects and response biomarkers. CONCLUSION XPO1 inhibition has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy in the fight against cancer, offering a novel approach to targeting tumorigenic processes and overcoming drug resistance. SINE compounds have demonstrated efficacy in a wide range of solid tumours, and ongoing research is focused on optimizing their use, identifying response biomarkers, and developing effective combination therapies. KEY POINTS Exportin-1 (XPO1) plays a critical role in mediating nucleocytoplasmic transport and cell cycle. XPO1 dysfunction promotes tumourigenesis and drug resistance within solid tumours. The therapeutic potential and ongoing researches on XPO1 inhibitors in the treatment of solid tumours. Additional researches are essential to address safety concerns and identify biomarkers for predicting patient response to XPO1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanxi Lai
- Department of Colorectal SurgerySir Run Run Shaw HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
| | - Lingna Xu
- Department of Colorectal SurgerySir Run Run Shaw HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
| | - Sheng Dai
- Department of Colorectal SurgerySir Run Run Shaw HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
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2
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Alitongbieke G, Zhang X, Zhu F, Wu Q, Lin Z, Li X, Xue Y, Lai X, Feng J, Huang R, Pan Y. Glucan from Oudemansiella raphanipes suppresses breast cancer proliferation and metastasis by regulating macrophage polarization and the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway. J Cancer 2024; 15:1169-1181. [PMID: 38356709 PMCID: PMC10861828 DOI: 10.7150/jca.89873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The glucan extract of Oudemansiella raphanipes (Orp) has multiple biological properties, similar to extracts of other natural edible fungi. Drugs traditionally used in cancer treatment are associated with several drawbacks, such as side effects, induction of resistance, and poor prognosis, and many recent studies have focused on polysaccharides extracted from natural sources as alternatives. Our study focuses on the therapeutic role and molecular mechanism of action of Orp in breast cancer progression. Methods: MMTV-PyMT transgenic mice were used as the spontaneous breast cancer mice model. Immunoblotting, hematoxylin-eosin staining, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence were used to evaluate the tumor behaviors in breast cancer. The inflammatory cell model was constructed using TNF-α. Macrophage activation and WNT/β-catenin signaling were assayed using western blotting and immunofluorescence. Results: Orp management significantly inhibited tumor growth and promoted tumor cell apoptosis in MMTV-PyMT transgenic mice. Besides, the Orp challenge also attenuated the ability of breast tumors to metastasize into lung tissues. Mechanistically, Orp treatment restrained the polarization of M1 macrophages to M2 macrophages and suppressed WNT/β-catenin signaling in mouse tumor tissues, which implied that Orp-mediated tumor inhibition partly occurred via regulating the inflammatory response. Findings from in vitro experiments confirmed that Orp inhibited the TNF-α-induced nuclear transportation of β-catenin, thus preventing inflammation signaling and the expression of c-Myc in MCF-7 cells. Conclusion: Orp inhibits breast cancer growth and metastasis by regulating macrophage polarization and the WNT/β-catenin signaling axis. The findings of this study suggest that Orp may be a promising therapeutic strategy for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulimiran Alitongbieke
- Engineering Technological Center of Mushroom Industry, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, Fujian 363000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuru Zhang
- Engineering Technological Center of Mushroom Industry, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, Fujian 363000, People's Republic of China
| | - Fukai Zhu
- Engineering Technological Center of Mushroom Industry, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, Fujian 363000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qici Wu
- Engineering Technological Center of Mushroom Industry, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, Fujian 363000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhichao Lin
- Engineering Technological Center of Mushroom Industry, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, Fujian 363000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiumin Li
- Engineering Technological Center of Mushroom Industry, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, Fujian 363000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Xue
- Engineering Technological Center of Mushroom Industry, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, Fujian 363000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuebin Lai
- Engineering Technological Center of Mushroom Industry, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, Fujian 363000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiexin Feng
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, Fujian 363099, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongjie Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, Fujian 363099, People's Republic of China
| | - Yutian Pan
- Engineering Technological Center of Mushroom Industry, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, Fujian 363000, People's Republic of China
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3
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Li C, Zhang Q, Huang W, Huang L, Long Q, Lei Y, Jia D, Yang S, Yang Y, Zhang X, Sun Q. Discovery of a Hidden Pocket beneath the NES Groove by Novel Noncovalent CRM1 Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2023; 66:17044-17058. [PMID: 38105606 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Protein localization is frequently manipulated to favor tumor initiation and progression. In cancer cells, the nuclear export factor CRM1 is often overexpressed and aberrantly localizes many tumor suppressors via protein-protein interactions. Although targeting protein-protein interactions is usually challenging, covalent inhibitors, including the FDA-approved drug KPT-330 (selinexor), were successfully developed. The development of noncovalent CRM1 inhibitors remains scarce. Here, by shifting the side chain of two methionine residues and virtually screening against a large compound library, we successfully identified a series of noncovalent CRM1 inhibitors with a stable scaffold. Crystal structures of inhibitor-protein complexes revealed that one of the compounds, B28, utilized a deeply hidden protein interior cavity for binding. SAR analysis guided the development of several B28 derivatives with enhanced inhibition on nuclear export and growth of multiple cancer cell lines. This work may benefit the development of new CRM1-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Li
- Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu 610032, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Sichuan Institute of Edible Fungi, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Wenxin Huang
- Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu 610032, China
| | - Luyi Huang
- Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Qing Long
- Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuqin Lei
- Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Da Jia
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shengyong Yang
- Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu 610032, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qingxiang Sun
- Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu 610032, China
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4
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Joseph BP, Weber V, Knüpfer L, Giorgetti A, Alfonso-Prieto M, Krauß S, Carloni P, Rossetti G. Low Molecular Weight Inhibitors Targeting the RNA-Binding Protein HuR. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13127. [PMID: 37685931 PMCID: PMC10488267 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The RNA-binding protein human antigen R (HuR) regulates stability, translation, and nucleus-to-cytoplasm shuttling of its target mRNAs. This protein has been progressively recognized as a relevant therapeutic target for several pathologies, like cancer, neurodegeneration, as well as inflammation. Inhibitors of mRNA binding to HuR might thus be beneficial against a variety of diseases. Here, we present the rational identification of structurally novel HuR inhibitors. In particular, by combining chemoinformatic approaches, high-throughput virtual screening, and RNA-protein pulldown assays, we demonstrate that the 4-(2-(2,4,6-trioxotetrahydropyrimidin-5(2H)-ylidene)hydrazineyl)benzoate ligand exhibits a dose-dependent HuR inhibition effect in binding experiments. Importantly, the chemical scaffold is new with respect to the currently known HuR inhibitors, opening up a new avenue for the design of pharmaceutical agents targeting this important protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Philipp Joseph
- Institute for Neuroscience and Medicine and Institute for Advanced Simulations (INM-9/IAS-5), Computational Biomedicine, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany; (B.P.J.); (V.W.); (A.G.); (M.A.-P.); (G.R.)
- Faculty of Mathematics, Computer Science and Natural Sciences, RWTH Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Verena Weber
- Institute for Neuroscience and Medicine and Institute for Advanced Simulations (INM-9/IAS-5), Computational Biomedicine, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany; (B.P.J.); (V.W.); (A.G.); (M.A.-P.); (G.R.)
- Faculty of Mathematics, Computer Science and Natural Sciences, RWTH Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Lisa Knüpfer
- Institute of Biology, University of Siegen, 57076 Siegen, Germany;
| | - Alejandro Giorgetti
- Institute for Neuroscience and Medicine and Institute for Advanced Simulations (INM-9/IAS-5), Computational Biomedicine, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany; (B.P.J.); (V.W.); (A.G.); (M.A.-P.); (G.R.)
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Mercedes Alfonso-Prieto
- Institute for Neuroscience and Medicine and Institute for Advanced Simulations (INM-9/IAS-5), Computational Biomedicine, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany; (B.P.J.); (V.W.); (A.G.); (M.A.-P.); (G.R.)
| | - Sybille Krauß
- Institute of Biology, University of Siegen, 57076 Siegen, Germany;
| | - Paolo Carloni
- Institute for Neuroscience and Medicine and Institute for Advanced Simulations (INM-9/IAS-5), Computational Biomedicine, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany; (B.P.J.); (V.W.); (A.G.); (M.A.-P.); (G.R.)
- Faculty of Mathematics, Computer Science and Natural Sciences, RWTH Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Giulia Rossetti
- Institute for Neuroscience and Medicine and Institute for Advanced Simulations (INM-9/IAS-5), Computational Biomedicine, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany; (B.P.J.); (V.W.); (A.G.); (M.A.-P.); (G.R.)
- Jülich Supercomputing Centre (JSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, 44517 Aachen, Germany
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5
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Udi Y, Zhang W, Stein ME, Ricardo-Lax I, Pasolli HA, Chait BT, Rout MP. A general method for quantitative fractionation of mammalian cells. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:213941. [PMID: 36920247 PMCID: PMC10040634 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202209062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Subcellular fractionation in combination with mass spectrometry-based proteomics is a powerful tool to study localization of key proteins in health and disease. Here we offered a reliable and rapid method for mammalian cell fractionation, tuned for such proteomic analyses. This method proves readily applicable to different cell lines in which all the cellular contents are accounted for, while maintaining nuclear and nuclear envelope integrity. We demonstrated the method's utility by quantifying the effects of a nuclear export inhibitor on nucleoplasmic and cytoplasmic proteomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Udi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Structural Biology, The Rockefeller University , New York, NY, USA
| | - Wenzhu Zhang
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry and Gaseous Ion Chemistry, The Rockefeller University , New York, NY, USA
| | - Milana E Stein
- Laboratory of Cellular and Structural Biology, The Rockefeller University , New York, NY, USA
| | - Inna Ricardo-Lax
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University , New York, NY, USA
| | - Hilda A Pasolli
- Electron Microscopy Resource Center, The Rockefeller University , New York, NY, USA
| | - Brian T Chait
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry and Gaseous Ion Chemistry, The Rockefeller University , New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael P Rout
- Laboratory of Cellular and Structural Biology, The Rockefeller University , New York, NY, USA
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6
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Rahman MM, van Oosterom F, Enow JA, Hossain M, Gutierrez-Jensen AD, Cashen M, Everts A, Lowe K, Kilbourne J, Daggett-Vondras J, Karr TL, McFadden G. Nuclear Export Inhibitor Selinexor Enhances Oncolytic Myxoma Virus Therapy against Cancer. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:952-968. [PMID: 37377603 PMCID: PMC10234290 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-22-0483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses exploited for cancer therapy have been developed to selectively infect, replicate, and kill cancer cells to inhibit tumor growth. However, in some cancer cells, oncolytic viruses are often limited in completing their full replication cycle, forming progeny virions, and/or spreading in the tumor bed because of the heterogeneous cell types within the tumor bed. Here, we report that the nuclear export pathway regulates oncolytic myxoma virus (MYXV) infection and cytoplasmic viral replication in a subclass of human cancer cell types where viral replication is restricted. Inhibition of the XPO-1 (exportin 1) nuclear export pathway with nuclear export inhibitors can overcome this restriction by trapping restriction factors in the nucleus and allow significantly enhanced viral replication and killing of cancer cells. Furthermore, knockdown of XPO-1 significantly enhanced MYXV replication in restrictive human cancer cells and reduced the formation of antiviral granules associated with RNA helicase DHX9. Both in vitro and in vivo, we demonstrated that the approved XPO1 inhibitor drug selinexor enhances the replication of MYXV and kills diverse human cancer cells. In a xenograft tumor model in NSG mice, combination therapy with selinexor plus MYXV significantly reduced the tumor burden and enhanced the survival of animals. In addition, we performed global-scale proteomic analysis of nuclear and cytosolic proteins in human cancer cells to identify the host and viral proteins that were upregulated or downregulated by different treatments. These results indicate, for the first time, that selinexor in combination with oncolytic MYXV can be used as a potential new therapy. Significance We demonstrated that a combination of nuclear export inhibitor selinexor and oncolytic MYXV significantly enhanced viral replication, reduced cancer cell proliferation, reduced tumor burden, and enhanced the overall survival of animals. Thus, selinexor and oncolytic MYXV can be used as potential new anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masmudur M. Rahman
- Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines, and Virotherapy, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Fleur van Oosterom
- Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines, and Virotherapy, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Junior A. Enow
- Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines, and Virotherapy, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Maksuda Hossain
- Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines, and Virotherapy, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Ami D. Gutierrez-Jensen
- Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines, and Virotherapy, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Mackenzie Cashen
- Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines, and Virotherapy, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Anne Everts
- Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines, and Virotherapy, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Kenneth Lowe
- Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines, and Virotherapy, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Jacquelyn Kilbourne
- Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines, and Virotherapy, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Juliane Daggett-Vondras
- Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines, and Virotherapy, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Timothy L. Karr
- Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines, and Virotherapy, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Grant McFadden
- Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines, and Virotherapy, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
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7
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Wang J, Zhao J, Ma F, Gong L, Lu Y, Xiao W, Tang H, Gao C, Chen Y, Ma J, Gao Z, Yan J, Han S. One Stone, Two Birds: A Peptide-Au(I) Infinite Coordination Supermolecule for the Confederate Physical and Biological Radiosensitization in Cancer Radiation Therapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2204238. [PMID: 36494177 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202204238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Over half of cancer patients are subjected to radiotherapy, but owing to the deficient amount of reactive oxygen radicals (ROS) and DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), a fair number of them suffer from radiotherapy resistance and the subsequent short-term survival opportunity. To overcome it, many successes have been achieved in radiosensitizer discovery using physical strategy and/or biological strategy, but significant challenges remain regarding developing clinically translational radiosensitizers. Herein, a peptide-Au(I) infinite coordination supermolecule termed PAICS is developed that combined both physical and biological radiosensitization and possessed pharmaceutical characteristics including adequate circulatory stability, controllable drug release, tumor-prioritized accumulation, and the favorable body eliminability. As expected, monovalent gold ion endowed this supermolecule with high X-ray absorption and the subsequent radiosensitization. Furthermore, a peptide targeting CRM1, is assembled into the supermolecule, which successfully activates p53 and apoptosis pathway, thereby further sensitizing radiotherapy. As a result, PAICS showed superior ability for radiotherapy sensitization in vivo and maintained a favorable safety profile. Thus, the PAICS reported here will offer a feasible solution to simultaneously overcome both the pharmaceutical obstacles of physical and biological radiosensitizers and will enable the development of a class of nanomedicines for tumor radiotherapy sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Fang Ma
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, P. R. China
| | - Liuyun Gong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, P. R. China
| | - Yinliang Lu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, P. R. China
| | - Weiping Xiao
- Department of Neonatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi 'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, P. R. China
| | - Hanmin Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, P. R. China
| | - Chengyi Gao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, P. R. China
| | - Yuetong Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, P. R. China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, P. R. China
| | - Zhan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China
| | - Jin Yan
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, P. R. China
| | - Suxia Han
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, P. R. China
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8
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Enhancement of MDM2 Inhibitory Effects through Blocking Nuclear Export Mechanisms in Ovarian Cancer Cells. Cancer Genet 2022; 266-267:57-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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9
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Tsai YL, Mu YC, Manley JL. Nuclear RNA transcript levels modulate nucleocytoplasmic distribution of ALS/FTD-associated protein FUS. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8180. [PMID: 35581240 PMCID: PMC9114323 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12098-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fused in Sarcoma (FUS) is a nuclear RNA/DNA binding protein that mislocalizes to the cytoplasm in the neurodegenerative diseases ALS and FTD. Despite the existence of FUS pathogenic mutations that result in nuclear import defects, a subset of ALS/FTD patients display cytoplasmic accumulation of wild-type FUS, although the underlying mechanism is unclear. Here we confirm that transcriptional inhibition, specifically of RNA polymerase II (RNAP II), induces FUS cytoplasmic translocation, but we show that several other stresses do not. We found unexpectedly that the epitope specificity of different FUS antibodies significantly affects the apparent FUS nucleocytoplasmic ratio as determined by immunofluorescence, explaining inconsistent observations in previous studies. Significantly, depletion of the nuclear mRNA export factor NXF1 or RNA exosome cofactor MTR4 promotes FUS nuclear retention, even when transcription is repressed, while mislocalization was independent of the nuclear protein export factor CRM1 and import factor TNPO1. Finally, we report that levels of nascent RNAP II transcripts, including those known to bind FUS, are reduced in sporadic ALS iPS cells, linking possible aberrant transcriptional control and FUS cytoplasmic mislocalization. Our findings thus reveal that factors that influence accumulation of nuclear RNAP II transcripts modulate FUS nucleocytoplasmic homeostasis, and provide evidence that reduced RNAP II transcription can contribute to FUS mislocalization to the cytoplasm in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueh-Lin Tsai
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Yu Chun Mu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - James L Manley
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
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10
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Guo Y, Liu Z, Duan L, Shen H, Ding K, Fu R. Selinexor synergizes with azacitidine to eliminate myelodysplastic syndrome cells through p53 nuclear accumulation. Invest New Drugs 2022; 40:738-746. [PMID: 35576022 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-022-01251-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are clonal malignancies of multipotent hematopoietic stem cells, characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis leading to cytopenia. Hypomethylating agents, including azacitidine, have been used for treating MDS with some success; however, the overall survival rate remains poor and, therefore, finding new therapies is necessary. Selinexor, which exerts anticancer effects against some hematologic tumors, is a nuclear export protein inhibitor that blocks cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in various cancer cell lines. We investigated the effects of combined selinexor and azacitidine administration on two MDS cell lines, namely SKM-1 and MUTZ-1. Cells were subjected to a proliferation assay, and the effects of each drug alone, and in combination, were compared. Changes in apoptosis and the cell cycle between groups were also analyzed. Western blotting was conducted to identify the underlying mechanism of action of combined selinexor and azacitidine therapy. The results revealed that the combination of selinexor and azacitidine synergistically inhibited MDS cell proliferation and arrested the cell cycle at the G2/M phase. This combination also promoted MDS cell apoptosis and enhanced p53 accumulation in the nucleus, thereby allowing p53 to be activated and to function as a tumor suppressor. Overall, our results indicate that the combination of selinexor and azacitidine may be a promising approach for treating MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Guo
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhaoyun Liu
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lixiang Duan
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Hematology, Yuncheng Central Hospital, Shanxi, China
| | - Hongli Shen
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Kai Ding
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Rong Fu
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
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11
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Liu S, Qiao W, Sun Q, Luo Y. Chromosome Region Maintenance 1 (XPO1/CRM1) as an Anticancer Target and Discovery of Its Inhibitor. J Med Chem 2021; 64:15534-15548. [PMID: 34669417 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Chromosome region maintenance 1 (CRM1) is a major nuclear export receptor protein and contributes to cell homeostasis by mediating the transport of cargo from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. CRM1 is a therapeutic target comprised of several tumor types, including osteosarcoma, multiple myeloma, gliomas, and pancreatic cancer. In the past decade, dozens of CRM1 inhibitors have been discovered and developed, including KPT-330, which received FDA approval for multiple myeloma (MM) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in 2019 and 2020, respectively. This review summarizes the biological functions of CRM1, the current understanding of the role CRM1 plays in cancer, the discovery of CRM1 small-molecule inhibitors, preclinical and clinical studies on KPT-330, and other recently developed inhibitors. A new CRM1 inhibition mechanism and structural dynamics are discussed. Through this review, we hope to guide the future design and optimization of CRM1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wenliang Qiao
- Lung Cancer Center, Laboratory of Lung Cancer, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qingxiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Youfu Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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12
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Karki R, Sundaram B, Sharma BR, Lee S, Malireddi RKS, Nguyen LN, Christgen S, Zheng M, Wang Y, Samir P, Neale G, Vogel P, Kanneganti TD. ADAR1 restricts ZBP1-mediated immune response and PANoptosis to promote tumorigenesis. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109858. [PMID: 34686350 PMCID: PMC8853634 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell death provides host defense and maintains homeostasis. Zα-containing molecules are essential for these processes. Z-DNA binding protein 1 (ZBP1) activates inflammatory cell death, PANoptosis, whereas adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1) serves as an RNA editor to maintain homeostasis. Here, we identify and characterize ADAR1's interaction with ZBP1, defining its role in cell death regulation and tumorigenesis. Combining interferons (IFNs) and nuclear export inhibitors (NEIs) activates ZBP1-dependent PANoptosis. ADAR1 suppresses this PANoptosis by interacting with the Zα2 domain of ZBP1 to limit ZBP1 and RIPK3 interactions. Adar1fl/flLysMcre mice are resistant to development of colorectal cancer and melanoma, but deletion of the ZBP1 Zα2 domain restores tumorigenesis in these mice. In addition, treating wild-type mice with IFN-γ and the NEI KPT-330 regresses melanoma in a ZBP1-dependent manner. Our findings suggest that ADAR1 suppresses ZBP1-mediated PANoptosis, promoting tumorigenesis. Defining the functions of ADAR1 and ZBP1 in cell death is fundamental to informing therapeutic strategies for cancer and other diseases.
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MESH Headings
- Adenosine Deaminase/genetics
- Adenosine Deaminase/metabolism
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/pharmacology
- Cell Death
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/immunology
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology
- Colorectal Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Colorectal Neoplasms/enzymology
- Colorectal Neoplasms/immunology
- Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Hydrazines/pharmacology
- Interferon-gamma/pharmacology
- Male
- Melanoma, Experimental/drug therapy
- Melanoma, Experimental/enzymology
- Melanoma, Experimental/immunology
- Melanoma, Experimental/pathology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Necroptosis
- Pyroptosis
- RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- RNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Skin Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Skin Neoplasms/enzymology
- Skin Neoplasms/immunology
- Skin Neoplasms/pathology
- Triazoles/pharmacology
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra Karki
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Balamurugan Sundaram
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Bhesh Raj Sharma
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - SangJoon Lee
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | | | - Lam Nhat Nguyen
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Shelbi Christgen
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Min Zheng
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Yaqiu Wang
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Parimal Samir
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Geoffrey Neale
- Hartwell Center for Bioinformatics & Biotechnology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Peter Vogel
- Animal Resources Center and Veterinary Pathology Core, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
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13
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Tang F, Tie Y, Wei YQ, Tu CQ, Wei XW. Targeted and immuno-based therapies in sarcoma: mechanisms and advances in clinical trials. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188606. [PMID: 34371128 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Sarcomas represent a distinct group of rare malignant tumors with high heterogeneity. Limited options with clinical efficacy for the metastatic or local advanced sarcoma existed despite standard therapy. Recently, targeted therapy according to the molecular and genetic phenotype of individual sarcoma is a promising option. Among these drugs, anti-angiogenesis therapy achieved favorable efficacy in sarcomas. Inhibitors targeting cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6, poly-ADP-ribose polymerase, insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor, mTOR, NTRK, metabolisms, and epigenetic drugs are under clinical evaluation for sarcomas bearing the corresponding signals. Immunotherapy represents a promising and favorable method in advanced solid tumors. However, most sarcomas are immune "cold" tumors, with only alveolar soft part sarcoma and undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma respond to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Cellular therapies with TCR-engineered T cells, chimeric antigen receptor T cells, tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, and nature killer cells transfer show therapeutic potential. Identifying tumor-specific antigens and exploring immune modulation factors arguing the efficacy of these immunotherapies are the current challenges. This review focuses on the mechanisms, advances, and potential strategies of targeted and immune-based therapies in sarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Tang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Orthopeadics, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Tie
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu-Quan Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chong-Qi Tu
- Department of Orthopeadics, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Xia-Wei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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14
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Park JH, Ryu SJ, Kim BJ, Cho HJ, Park CH, Choi HJC, Jang EJ, Yang EJ, Hwang JA, Woo SH, Lee JH, Park JH, Choi KM, Kwon YY, Lee CK, Park JT, Cho SC, Lee YI, Lee SB, Han JA, Cho KA, Kim MS, Hwang D, Lee YS, Park SC. Disruption of nucleocytoplasmic trafficking as a cellular senescence driver. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:1092-1108. [PMID: 34188179 PMCID: PMC8257587 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00643-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Senescent cells exhibit a reduced response to intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli. This diminished reaction may be explained by the disrupted transmission of nuclear signals. However, this hypothesis requires more evidence before it can be accepted as a mechanism of cellular senescence. A proteomic analysis of the cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions obtained from young and senescent cells revealed disruption of nucleocytoplasmic trafficking (NCT) as an essential feature of replicative senescence (RS) at the global level. Blocking NCT either chemically or genetically induced the acquisition of an RS-like senescence phenotype, named nuclear barrier-induced senescence (NBIS). A transcriptome analysis revealed that, among various types of cellular senescence, NBIS exhibited a gene expression pattern most similar to that of RS. Core proteomic and transcriptomic patterns common to both RS and NBIS included upregulation of the endocytosis-lysosome network and downregulation of NCT in senescent cells, patterns also observed in an aging yeast model. These results imply coordinated aging-dependent reduction in the transmission of extrinsic signals to the nucleus and in the nucleus-to-cytoplasm supply of proteins/RNAs. We further showed that the aging-associated decrease in Sp1 transcription factor expression was critical for the downregulation of NCT. Our results suggest that NBIS is a modality of cellular senescence that may represent the nature of physiological aging in eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hwan Park
- grid.249967.70000 0004 0636 3099Korea Bioinformation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Jin Ryu
- grid.419666.a0000 0001 1945 5898Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Suwon, 16677 Republic of Korea ,Present Address: UBLBio Corporation, Suwon, 16679 Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Ju Kim
- grid.417736.00000 0004 0438 6721Present Address: Well Aging Research Center, Division of Biotechnology, DGIST, Daegu, 42988 Republic of Korea ,Present Address: UBLBio Corporation, Suwon, 16679 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ji Cho
- grid.417736.00000 0004 0438 6721Present Address: Well Aging Research Center, Division of Biotechnology, DGIST, Daegu, 42988 Republic of Korea
| | - Chi Hyun Park
- grid.412010.60000 0001 0707 9039Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jei Claudia Choi
- grid.419666.a0000 0001 1945 5898Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Suwon, 16677 Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jin Jang
- grid.417736.00000 0004 0438 6721Present Address: Well Aging Research Center, Division of Biotechnology, DGIST, Daegu, 42988 Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jae Yang
- grid.417736.00000 0004 0438 6721Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, 42988 Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-A Hwang
- grid.417736.00000 0004 0438 6721Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, 42988 Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hwa Woo
- grid.417736.00000 0004 0438 6721Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, 42988 Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hyung Lee
- grid.417736.00000 0004 0438 6721Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, 42988 Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hwan Park
- grid.417736.00000 0004 0438 6721Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, 42988 Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Mi Choi
- grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Yon Kwon
- grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Koo Lee
- grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Tae Park
- grid.412977.e0000 0004 0532 7395Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012 Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Chun Cho
- grid.417736.00000 0004 0438 6721Present Address: Well Aging Research Center, Division of Biotechnology, DGIST, Daegu, 42988 Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Il Lee
- grid.417736.00000 0004 0438 6721Present Address: Well Aging Research Center, Division of Biotechnology, DGIST, Daegu, 42988 Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Bae Lee
- grid.417736.00000 0004 0438 6721Department of Brain & Cognitive Science, DGIST, Daegu, 42988 Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong A. Han
- grid.412010.60000 0001 0707 9039Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung A Cho
- grid.14005.300000 0001 0356 9399Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University, Medical School, Gwangju, 61469 Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Sik Kim
- grid.417736.00000 0004 0438 6721Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, 42988 Republic of Korea
| | - Daehee Hwang
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Sam Lee
- grid.417736.00000 0004 0438 6721Present Address: Well Aging Research Center, Division of Biotechnology, DGIST, Daegu, 42988 Republic of Korea ,grid.417736.00000 0004 0438 6721Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, 42988 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Chul Park
- grid.417736.00000 0004 0438 6721Present Address: Well Aging Research Center, Division of Biotechnology, DGIST, Daegu, 42988 Republic of Korea ,grid.14005.300000 0001 0356 9399The Future Life & Society Research Center, Advanced Institute of Aging Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61469 Republic of Korea
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15
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Goutas D, Pergaris A, Giaginis C, Theocharis S. HuR as Therapeutic Target in Cancer: What the Future Holds. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:56-65. [PMID: 34182901 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210628143430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ELAV-like protein 1, or HuR (human antigen R), is an RNA-binding protein encoded by the ELAVL1 gene in humans. One of its best functions is to stabilize mRNAs in order to regulate gene expression. HuR protein overexpression has undoubtedly been linked to an increased risk of tumor growth, progression, and metastasis, rendering it a potential therapeutic target candidate in cancer. Novel agents interfering with HuR expression have been tested, both in vitro and in vivo, with promising results. The aim of this paper is to review the existing literature regarding the potential agents that could actively act on and inhibit HuR expression. HuR molecule controls the expression of various proto-oncogenes, cytokines and growth factors, representing a major player in tumor progression, invasion, and metastasis and constituting an emerging target for cancer therapy. PubMed database was thoroughly searched, and all published articles providing scientific data on molecules that can exhibit antitumorigenic effects via HuR inhibition were included. According to these data, HuR inhibition should be a promising target in cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Goutas
- First Department of Pathology, The National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandros Pergaris
- First Department of Pathology, The National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Stamatios Theocharis
- First Department of Pathology, The National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
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16
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Nuclear Export Inhibitor KPT-8602 Synergizes with PARP Inhibitors in Escalating Apoptosis in Castration Resistant Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136676. [PMID: 34206543 PMCID: PMC8268282 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant nuclear protein transport, often observed in cancer, causes mislocalization-dependent inactivation of critical cellular proteins. Earlier we showed that overexpression of exportin 1 is linked to higher grade and Gleason score in metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). We also showed that a selective inhibitor of nuclear export (SINE) selinexor and second generation eltanexor (KPT-8602) could suppress mCRPC growth, reduce androgen receptor (AR), and re-sensitize to androgen deprivation therapy. Here we evaluated the combination of KPT-8602 with PARP inhibitors (PARPi) olaparib, veliparib and rucaparib in 22rv1 mCRPC cells. KPT-8602 synergized with PARPi (CI < 1) at pharmacologically relevant concentrations. KPT-8602-PARPi showed superior induction of apoptosis compared to single agent treatment and caused up-regulation of pro-apoptotic genes BAX, TP53 and CASPASE 9. Mechanistically, KPT-8602-PARPi suppressed AR, ARv7, PSA and AR targets FOXA1 and UBE2C. Western blot analysis revealed significant down-regulation of AR, ARv7, UBE2C, SAM68, FOXA1 and upregulation of cleaved PARP and cleaved CASPASE 3. KPT-8602 with or without olaparib was shown to reduce homologous recombination-regulated DNA damage response targets including BRCA1, BRCA2, CHEK1, EXO1, BLM, RAD51, LIG1, XRCC3 and RMI2. Taken together, this study revealed the therapeutic potential of a novel combination of KPT-8602 and PARP inhibitors for the treatment of mCRPC.
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17
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Ajayi-Smith A, van der Watt P, Mkwanazi N, Carden S, Trent JO, Leaner VD. Novel small molecule inhibitor of Kpnβ1 induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in cancer cells. Exp Cell Res 2021; 404:112637. [PMID: 34019908 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Karyopherin beta 1 (Kpnβ1) is a major nuclear import receptor that mediates the import of cellular cargoes into the nucleus. Recently it has been shown that Kpnβ1 is highly expressed in several cancers, and its inhibition by siRNA induces apoptotic cancer cell death, while having little effect on non-cancer cells. This study investigated the effect of a novel small molecule, Inhibitor of Nuclear Import-60 (INI-60), on cancer cell biology, as well as nuclear import activities associated with Kpnβ1, and cancer progression in vivo using cervical and oesophageal cancer cell lines. INI-60 treatment resulted in the inhibition of cancer cell proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion, and induced a G1/S cell cycle arrest, followed by cancer cell death via apoptosis. Non-cancer cells were minimally affected by INI-60 at concentrations that inhibited cancer cells. INI-60 treatment altered the localisation of Kpnβ1 and its cargoes, NFκB/p65, NFAT and AP-1, and the overexpression of Kpnβ1 reduced INI-60 cytotoxicity. INI-60 also inhibited KYSE 30 oesophageal cancer cell line growth in vivo. Taken together, these results show that INI-60 inhibits the nuclear import of Kpnβ1 cargoes and interferes with cancer cell biology. INI-60 presents as a potential therapeutic approach for cancers of different tissue origins and warrants further investigation as a novel anti-cancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aderonke Ajayi-Smith
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, #SAMRC Gynaecology Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Pauline van der Watt
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, #SAMRC Gynaecology Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nonkululeko Mkwanazi
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, #SAMRC Gynaecology Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sarah Carden
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, #SAMRC Gynaecology Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - John O Trent
- Department of Medicine, J.G. Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Virna D Leaner
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, #SAMRC Gynaecology Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
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18
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New Insights into the Link between Melanoma and Thyroid Cancer: Role of Nucleocytoplasmic Trafficking. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020367. [PMID: 33578751 PMCID: PMC7916461 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains a major public health concern, mainly because of the incompletely understood dynamics of molecular mechanisms for progression and resistance to treatments. The link between melanoma and thyroid cancer (TC) has been noted in numerous patients. Nucleocytoplasmic transport of oncogenes and tumor suppressor proteins is a common mechanism in melanoma and TC that promotes tumorigenesis and tumor aggressiveness. However, this mechanism remains poorly understood. Papillary TC (PTC) patients have a 1.8-fold higher risk for developing cutaneous malignant melanoma than healthy patients. Our group and others showed that patients with melanoma have a 2.15 to 2.3-fold increased risk of being diagnosed with PTC. The BRAF V600E mutation has been reported as a biological marker for aggressiveness and a potential genetic link between malignant melanoma and TC. The main mechanistic factor in the connection between these two cancer types is the alteration of the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK signaling pathway activation and translocation. The mechanisms of nucleocytoplasmic trafficking associated with RAS, RAF, and Wnt signaling pathways in melanoma and TC are reviewed. In addition, we discuss the roles of tumor suppressor proteins such as p53, p27, forkhead O transcription factors (FOXO), and NF-KB within the nuclear and cytoplasmic cellular compartments and their association with tumor aggressiveness. A meticulous English-language literature analysis was performed using the PubMed Central database. Search parameters included articles published up to 2021 with keyword search terms melanoma and thyroid cancer, BRAF mutation, and nucleocytoplasmic transport in cancer.
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19
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Turner JG, Cui Y, Bauer AA, Dawson JL, Gomez JA, Kim J, Cubitt CL, Nishihori T, Dalton WS, Sullivan DM. Melphalan and Exportin 1 Inhibitors Exert Synergistic Antitumor Effects in Preclinical Models of Human Multiple Myeloma. Cancer Res 2020; 80:5344-5354. [PMID: 33023948 PMCID: PMC7718436 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-0677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
High-dose chemotherapy with melphalan followed by autologous transplantation is a first-line treatment for multiple myeloma. Here, we present preclinical evidence that this treatment may be significantly improved by the addition of exportin 1 inhibitors (XPO1i). The XPO1i selinexor, eltanexor, and KOS-2464 sensitized human multiple myeloma cells to melphalan. Human 8226 and U266 multiple myeloma cell lines and melphalan-resistant cell lines (8226-LR5 and U266-LR6) were highly sensitized to melphalan by XPO1i. Multiple myeloma cells from newly diagnosed and relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma patients were also sensitized by XPO1i to melphalan. In NOD/SCIDγ mice challenged with either parental 8226 or U266 multiple myeloma and melphalan-resistant multiple myeloma tumors, XPO1i/melphalan combination treatments demonstrated stronger synergistic antitumor effects than single-agent melphalan with minimal toxicity. Synergistic cell death resulted from increased XPO1i/melphalan-induced DNA damage in a dose-dependent manner and decreased DNA repair. In addition, repair of melphalan-induced DNA damage was inhibited by selinexor, which decreased melphalan-induced monoubiquitination of FANCD2 in multiple myeloma cells. Knockdown of FANCD2 was found to replicate the effect of selinexor when used with melphalan, increasing DNA damage (γH2AX) by inhibiting DNA repair. Thus, combination therapies that include selinexor or eltanexor with melphalan may have the potential to improve treatment outcomes of multiple myeloma in melphalan-resistant and newly diagnosed patients. The combination of selinexor and melphalan is currently being investigated in the context of high-dose chemotherapy and autologous transplant (NCT02780609). SIGNIFICANCE: Inhibition of exportin 1 with selinexor synergistically sensitizes human multiple myeloma to melphalan by inhibiting Fanconi anemia pathway-mediated DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel G Turner
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Medicine Program, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida.
| | - Yan Cui
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Alexis A Bauer
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Medicine Program, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Jana L Dawson
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Medicine Program, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Juan A Gomez
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Medicine Program, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Jongphil Kim
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Christopher L Cubitt
- Translational Research Core, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Taiga Nishihori
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Medicine Program, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
- Department of Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Immunotherapy, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - William S Dalton
- Department of Malignant Hematology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Daniel M Sullivan
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Medicine Program, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida.
- Department of Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Immunotherapy, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
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20
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Guha S, Bhaumik SR. Viral regulation of mRNA export with potentials for targeted therapy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2020; 1864:194655. [PMID: 33246183 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2020.194655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Eukaryotic gene expression begins with transcription in the nucleus to synthesize mRNA (messenger RNA), which is subsequently exported to the cytoplasm for translation to protein. Like transcription and translation, mRNA export is an important regulatory step of eukaryotic gene expression. Various factors are involved in regulating mRNA export, and thus gene expression. Intriguingly, some of these factors interact with viral proteins, and such interactions interfere with mRNA export of the host cell, favoring viral RNA export. Hence, viruses hijack host mRNA export machinery for export of their own RNAs from nucleus to cytoplasm for translation to proteins for viral life cycle, suppressing host mRNA export (and thus host gene expression and immune/antiviral response). Therefore, the molecules that can impair the interactions of these mRNA export factors with viral proteins could emerge as antiviral therapeutic agents to suppress viral RNA transport and enhance host mRNA export, thereby promoting host gene expression and immune response. Thus, there has been a number of studies to understand how virus hijacks mRNA export machinery in suppressing host gene expression and promoting its own RNA export to the cytoplasm for translation to proteins required for viral replication/assembly/life cycle towards developing targeted antiviral therapies, as concisely described here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Guha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
| | - Sukesh R Bhaumik
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA.
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21
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Xu HW, Jia S, Liu M, Li X, Meng X, Wu X, Yu L, Wang M, Jin CY. A low toxic CRM1 degrader: Synthesis and anti-proliferation on MGC803 and HGC27. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 206:112708. [PMID: 32810752 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chromosome region maintenance 1 (CRM1) is the sole nuclear exporter of several tumor suppressor, a growth regulatory protein as an attractive cancer drug target. In the present work, a novel CRM1 degrader was discovered from newly synthesized α, β-unsaturated-δ-lactone based on a natural product Goniothalamin. It induces apoptosis of both MGC803 and HGC27 cell lines via degrading CRM1. Selective inhibition was observed for the proliferation of gastric cancer cell lines MGC803, HGC27 comparing to Human Gastric Mucosal Epithelial Cell Line (GES1). For the first time, CRM1 inhibitor or degrader inducing apoptosis in gastric carcinoma was investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Wei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Drug Preparation, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, No. 100, KeXueDaDao, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Shilong Jia
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Drug Preparation, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Mengbo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Drug Preparation, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Drug Preparation, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xia Meng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Drug Preparation, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xinxin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Drug Preparation, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Lu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Drug Preparation, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Menglin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Drug Preparation, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Cheng-Yun Jin
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Drug Preparation, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, No. 100, KeXueDaDao, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450052, PR China.
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22
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Ladds MJGW, Laín S. Small molecule activators of the p53 response. J Mol Cell Biol 2020; 11:245-254. [PMID: 30689917 PMCID: PMC6478124 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjz006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Drugging the p53 pathway has been a goal for both academics and pharmaceutical companies since the designation of p53 as the 'guardian of the genome'. Through growing understanding of p53 biology, we can see multiple routes for activation of both wild-type p53 function and restoration of mutant p53. In this review, we focus on small molecules that activate wild-type p53 and that do so in a non-genotoxic manner. In particular, we will describe potential approaches to targeting proteins that alter p53 stability and function through posttranslational modification, affect p53's subcellular localization, or target RNA synthesis or the synthesis of ribonucleotides. The plethora of pathways for exploitation of p53, as well as the wide-ranging response to p53 activation, makes it an attractive target for anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus J G W Ladds
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Biomedicum, Solnavägen 9, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,SciLifeLab, Tomtebodavägen 23A, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sonia Laín
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Biomedicum, Solnavägen 9, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,SciLifeLab, Tomtebodavägen 23A, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
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23
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Mazaira GI, Echeverria PC, Galigniana MD. Nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of the glucocorticoid receptor is influenced by tetratricopeptide repeat-containing proteins. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs238873. [PMID: 32467326 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.238873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that tetratricopeptide-repeat (TPR) domain proteins regulate the subcellular localization of glucocorticoid receptor (GR). This study analyses the influence of the TPR domain of high molecular weight immunophilins in the retrograde transport and nuclear retention of GR. Overexpression of the TPR peptide prevented efficient nuclear accumulation of the GR by disrupting the formation of complexes with the dynein-associated immunophilin FKBP52 (also known as FKBP4), the adaptor transporter importin-β1 (KPNB1), the nuclear pore-associated glycoprotein Nup62 and nuclear matrix-associated structures. We also show that nuclear import of GR was impaired, whereas GR nuclear export was enhanced. Interestingly, the CRM1 (exportin-1) inhibitor leptomycin-B abolished the effects of TPR peptide overexpression, although the drug did not inhibit GR nuclear export itself. This indicates the existence of a TPR-domain-dependent mechanism for the export of nuclear proteins. The expression balance of those TPR domain proteins bound to the GR-Hsp90 complex may determine the subcellular localization and nucleocytoplasmic properties of the receptor, and thereby its pleiotropic biological properties in different tissues and cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela I Mazaira
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina
| | - Pablo C Echeverria
- Département de Biologie Cellulaire, Université de Genève, Sciences III, Genève 1211, Switzerland
| | - Mario D Galigniana
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME)-CONICET, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina
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24
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Walker JS, Garzon R, Lapalombella R. Selinexor for advanced hematologic malignancies. Leuk Lymphoma 2020; 61:2335-2350. [DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2020.1775210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Janek S. Walker
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ramiro Garzon
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Rosa Lapalombella
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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25
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Azizian NG, Li Y. XPO1-dependent nuclear export as a target for cancer therapy. J Hematol Oncol 2020; 13:61. [PMID: 32487143 PMCID: PMC7268335 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-00903-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular homeostasis requires the proper nuclear-cytoplasmic partitioning of large molecules, which is often deregulated in cancer. XPO1 is an export receptor responsible for the nuclear-cytoplasmic transport of hundreds of proteins and multiple RNA species. XPO1 is frequently overexpressed and/or mutated in human cancers and functions as an oncogenic driver. Suppression of XPO1-mediated nuclear export, therefore, presents a unique therapeutic strategy. In this review, we summarize the physiological functions of XPO1 as well as the development of various XPO1 inhibitors and provide an update on the recent clinical trials of the SINE compounds. We also discuss potential future research directions on the molecular function of XPO1 and the clinical application of XPO1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy G Azizian
- Center for Immunotherapy Research, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Yulin Li
- Center for Immunotherapy Research, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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26
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Ferreira BI, Cautain B, Grenho I, Link W. Small Molecule Inhibitors of CRM1. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:625. [PMID: 32574233 PMCID: PMC7221118 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The transport through the nuclear pore complex is used by cancer cells to evade tumor-suppressive mechanisms. Several tumor-suppressors have been shown to be excluded from the cell nucleus in cancer cells by the nuclear export receptor CRM1 and abnormal expression of CRM1 is oncogenic. Inhibition of CRM1 has long been postulated as potential approach for the treatment of cancer and to overcome therapy resistance. Furthermore, the nuclear export of viral components mediated by the CRM1 is crucial in various stages of the viral lifecycle and assembly of many viruses from diverse families, including coronavirus. However, the first nuclear export inhibitors failed or never entered into clinical trials. More recently CRM1 reemerged as a cancer target and a successful proof of concept was achieved with the clinical approval of Selinexor. The chemical complexity of natural products is a promising perspective for the discovery of new nuclear export inhibitors with a favorable toxicity profile. Several screening campaigns have been performed and several natural product-based nuclear export inhibitors have been identified. With this review we give an overview over the role of CRM1-mediated nuclear export in cancer and the effort made to identify and develop nuclear export inhibitors in particular from natural sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibiana I Ferreira
- Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.,Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.,Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Bastien Cautain
- Fundacion MEDINA Parque tecnológico ciencias de la salud, Granada, Spain.,Evotec France, Toulouse, France
| | - Inês Grenho
- Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.,Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.,Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Wolfgang Link
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
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27
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Recent Synthetic Approaches towards Small Molecule Reactivators of p53. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10040635. [PMID: 32326087 PMCID: PMC7226499 DOI: 10.3390/biom10040635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor protein p53 is often called "the genome guardian" and controls the cell cycle and the integrity of DNA, as well as other important cellular functions. Its main function is to trigger the process of apoptosis in tumor cells, and approximately 50% of all cancers are related to the inactivation of the p53 protein through mutations in the TP53 gene. Due to the association of mutant p53 with cancer therapy resistance, different forms of restoration of p53 have been subject of intense research in recent years. In this sense, this review focus on the main currently adopted approaches for activation and reactivation of p53 tumor suppressor function, focusing on the synthetic approaches that are involved in the development and preparation of such small molecules.
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28
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Ding B, Akter M, Zhang CL. Differential Influence of Sample Sex and Neuronal Maturation on mRNA and Protein Transport in Induced Human Neurons. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:46. [PMID: 32317929 PMCID: PMC7146707 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleocytoplasmic transport (NCT) across thenuclear envelope (NE) is tightly regulated in eukaryotic cells and iscritical for maintaining cellular homeostasis. Its dysregulationleads to aging and neurodegeneration. Because they maintainaging-associated hallmarks, directly reprogrammed neurons from human fibroblasts are invaluable in understanding NCT. However, it is not clear whether NCT activity is influenced by neuronal maturation and sample sex [a key biological variable emphasized by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) policy]. We examined here NCT activity at the single-cell level by measuring mRNA subcellular distribution and protein transport in directly induced motor neurons (diMNs) from adult human fibroblasts. The results show that mRNA subcellular distribution but not protein transport is affected by neuronal maturation stages, whereas both transport processes are not influenced by the sample sex. This study also provides quantitative methods and optimized conditions for measuring NCTs of mRNAs or protein cargoes, establishing a robust way for future functional examinations of NCT activity in directly induced neurons from diseased human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baojin Ding
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, United States
| | - Masuma Akter
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, United States
| | - Chun-Li Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.,Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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29
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Podar K, Shah J, Chari A, Richardson PG, Jagannath S. Selinexor for the treatment of multiple myeloma. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2020; 21:399-408. [PMID: 31957504 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2019.1707184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Despite unprecedented advances in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM), almost all patients develop a disease that is resistant to the five most commonly used and active anti-MM agents. The prognosis for this patient population is particularly poor resulting in an unmet need for additional therapeutic options. Exportin-1 (XPO-1) is a major nuclear export protein of macromolecular cargo frequently overexpressed in MM. Selinexor is a first-in-class, oral Selective-Inhibitor-of-Nuclear-Export (SINE) compound that impedes XPO-1. Based on results of the STORM-trial, selinexor in combination with dexamethasone was granted accelerated FDA approval for patients with penta-refractory MM in July 2019.Areas covered: This article summarizes our up-to-date knowledge on the pathophysiologic role of XPO-1 in MM. Furthermore, it reviews the most recent clinical data on selinexor in combination with dexamethasone and other anti-MM agents; and discusses its safety profile, management strategies; and potential future developments.Expert opinion: Selinexor represents a next-generation-novel agent with an innovative mechanism of action that marks a significant advance in the treatment of heavily pretreated MM patients. Ongoing studies investigate its therapeutic potential also in earlier lines of therapy. Additional data is needed to confirm that selinexor and other SINE compounds are a valuable addition to our current therapeutic armamentarium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Podar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, University Hospital, Krems, Austria
| | - Jatin Shah
- Karyopharm Therapeutics, Newton, MA, USA
| | - Ajai Chari
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul G Richardson
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
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30
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Zhu H, Yang Y, Wang L, Xu X, Wang T, Qian H. Leptomycin B inhibits the proliferation, migration, and invasion of cultured gastric carcinoma cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2020; 84:290-296. [PMID: 31619134 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1673148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Chromosome region maintenance 1 (CRM1) plays a critical role in tumorigenesis and progression through modulating nuclear export of several proteins. However, the precise effects of CRM1 inhibitor on gastric carcinoma have not yet been illustrated. Here, we investigated the potential anti-cancer activities of leptomycin B, the most potent CRM1 antagonist, on cultured gastric carcinoma cells. Our findings demonstrate that CRM1 was highly expressed in four gastric carcinoma cell lines. Leptomycin B inhibited the viability of HGC-27 and AGS cells in a dose- and time-dependent pattern. Leptomycin B at the dose of 10 nM or 100 nM suppressed the migration and invasion of HGC-27 and AGS cells. Leptomycin B elevated the expressions of autophagy-related protein LC3-II and autophagy substrate p62. Moreover, leptomycin B enhanced the LC3-positive puncta formation in cells. Our data suggest that leptomycin B may exert an anti-cancer activity possibly through interfering autophagy function in gastric carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hepan Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of Micro-Invasive Surgery of Zhejiang University, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaobin Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haoran Qian
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of Micro-Invasive Surgery of Zhejiang University, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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31
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Schultz CW, Preet R, Dhir T, Dixon DA, Brody JR. Understanding and targeting the disease-related RNA binding protein human antigen R (HuR). WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2020; 11:e1581. [PMID: 31970930 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Altered gene expression is a characteristic feature of many disease states such as tumorigenesis, and in most cancers, it facilitates cancer cell survival and adaptation. Alterations in global gene expression are strongly impacted by post-transcriptional gene regulation. The RNA binding protein (RBP) HuR (ELAVL1) is an established regulator of post-transcriptional gene regulation and is overexpressed in most human cancers. In many cancerous settings, HuR is not only overexpressed, but it is "overactive" as denoted by increased subcellular localization within the cytoplasm. This dysregulation of HuR expression and cytoplasmic localization allows HuR to stabilize and increase the translation of various prosurvival messenger RNA (mRNAs) involved in the pathogenesis of numerous cancers and various diseases. Based on almost 20 years of work, HuR is now recognized as a therapeutic target. Herein, we will review the role HuR plays in the pathophysiology of different diseases and ongoing therapeutic strategies to target HuR. We will focus on three ongoing-targeted strategies: (1) inhibiting HuR's translocation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm; (2) inhibiting the ability of HuR to bind target RNA; and (3) silencing HuR expression levels. In an oncologic setting, HuR has been demonstrated to be critical for a cancer cell's ability to survive a variety of cancer relevant stressors (including drugs and elements of the tumor microenvironment) and targeting this protein has been shown to sensitize cancer cells further to insult. We strongly believe that targeting HuR could be a powerful therapeutic target to treat different diseases, particularly cancer, in the near future. This article is categorized under: RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease NRA Turnover and Surveillance > Regulation of RNA Stability Translation > Translation Regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher W Schultz
- Department of Surgery, Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary and Related Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ranjan Preet
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
| | - Teena Dhir
- Department of Surgery, Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary and Related Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Dan A Dixon
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
| | - Jonathan R Brody
- Department of Surgery, Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary and Related Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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32
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Allegra A, Innao V, Allegra AG, Leanza R, Musolino C. Selective Inhibitors of Nuclear Export in the Treatment of Hematologic Malignancies. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA, MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2019; 19:689-698. [PMID: 31543372 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2019.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The correct localization of molecules between nucleus and cytoplasm is fundamental for cellular homeostasis and is controlled by a bidirectional transport system. Exportin 1 (XPO1) regulates the passage of numerous cancer-related proteins. In this review, we summarize the development of a novel class of antitumor agents, known as selective inhibitors of nuclear export (SINEs). We report results of preclinical studies and clinical trials, and discuss the mechanism of action of SINEs and their effects in multiple myeloma, non-Hodgkin lymphomas, lymphoblastic leukemia, and acute and chronic myeloid leukemia. In the future, the numerous experimental studies currently underway will allow us to define the role of SINEs and will possibly permit these substances to be introduced into daily clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Allegra
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi," University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
| | - Vanessa Innao
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi," University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Andrea Gaetano Allegra
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi," University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Rossana Leanza
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi," University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Caterina Musolino
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi," University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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33
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Seervi M, Sumi S, Chandrasekharan A, Sharma AK, SanthoshKumar TR. Molecular profiling of anastatic cancer cells: potential role of the nuclear export pathway. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2019; 42:645-661. [PMID: 31147963 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-019-00451-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Anastasis is newly discovered process by which cells recover from late-stage apoptosis upon removal of a death stimulus. Recent reports suggest that cells may recover, even after the initiation of mitochondrial outer-membrane permeabilization (MOMP) and caspase activation. Here, we specifically studied the reversibility of late-stage apoptosis in cervical (HeLa) and breast (MDA-MB-231) cancer cells in relation to the extent of MOMP (limited or widespread). In addition, we explored the molecular factors involved in the anastatic process. METHODS The extent of MOMP was assessed using time lapse confocal microscopic imaging, considering mitochondrial cytochrome c-GFP release as a marker for MOMP. Anastatic cells were generated by specifically recovering late-stage apoptotic (annexin V/PI positive) cervical and breast cancer cells. Molecular signaling events involved in death reversal were assessed using LC-MS/MS and qRT-PCR. Targeted chemical inhibition and shRNA-based gene silencing studies were employed to explore the role of the nuclear export pathway in anastasis and increased oncogenicity. RESULTS Time-lapse imaging of drug-treated Cyt-c-GFP expressing cancer cells revealed cell recovery despite widespread MOMP. A few recovered anastatic cells were noted and these were found to proliferate through a selection-type of survival. They showed increased drug-resistance, migration and invasive potential compared to non-anastatic cancer cells. Network analysis using 49 proteins uniquely expressed in anastatic cells indicated upregulation of nuclear export/import, redox and Ras signaling pathways in both HeLa and MDA-MB-231 anastatic cells, indicating common molecular mechanisms in different cell types. Inhibition of XPO1 significantly reduced the recovery of apoptotic cells and abrogated acquired oncogenic transformation in the anastatic cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates that cancer cells can revert from apoptosis even after the induction of widespread MOMP. We noted a significant role of the nuclear-export pathway in the anastatic process of cancer cells. Inhibition of anastasis through the nuclear export pathway may be a potential therapeutic strategy for targeting drug-resistance, metastasis and recurrence problems during cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahendra Seervi
- DBT-PU-IPLS, Department of Botany/Biotechnology, Patna University, Patna, Bihar, India.
- Department of Biological Sciences, P. D. Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology (CHARUSAT), Changa, Anand, Gujarat, India.
| | - S Sumi
- Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Aneesh Chandrasekharan
- Cancer Research Division 1, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Abhay K Sharma
- DBT-PU-IPLS, Department of Botany/Biotechnology, Patna University, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - T R SanthoshKumar
- Cancer Research Division 1, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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S-Nitrosylation: An Emerging Paradigm of Redox Signaling. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8090404. [PMID: 31533268 PMCID: PMC6769533 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8090404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a highly reactive molecule, generated through metabolism of L-arginine by NO synthase (NOS). Abnormal NO levels in mammalian cells are associated with multiple human diseases, including cancer. Recent studies have uncovered that the NO signaling is compartmentalized, owing to the localization of NOS and the nature of biochemical reactions of NO, including S-nitrosylation. S-nitrosylation is a selective covalent post-translational modification adding a nitrosyl group to the reactive thiol group of a cysteine to form S-nitrosothiol (SNO), which is a key mechanism in transferring NO-mediated signals. While S-nitrosylation occurs only at select cysteine thiols, such a spatial constraint is partially resolved by transnitrosylation, where the nitrosyl moiety is transferred between two interacting proteins to successively transfer the NO signal to a distant location. As NOS is present in various subcellular locales, a stress could trigger concerted S-nitrosylation and transnitrosylation of a large number of proteins involved in divergent signaling cascades. S-nitrosylation is an emerging paradigm of redox signaling by which cells confer protection against oxidative stress.
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35
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TRAIL responses are enhanced by nuclear export inhibition in osteosarcoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 517:383-389. [PMID: 31362889 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a promising anti-tumour agent that induces apoptosis of malignant cells through activation of death receptors. Death receptor agonistic antibodies are in clinical trials as TRAIL-mimetics, however, along with TRAIL monotherapy, there is limited efficacy due to the rapid emergence of TRAIL resistance, or due to existing TRAIL-insensitive disease. TRAIL-sensitisers, which enhance TRAIL activity or overcome TRAIL resistance, may facilitate death receptor agonists as viable anti-tumour strategies. In this study we demonstrate that the nuclear export inhibitor Leptomycin B, is a potent in vitro TRAIL-sensitiser in osteosarcoma cell lines. Leptomycin B works synergistically with both TRAIL and death receptor 5 agonistic antibodies to induce apoptosis in TRAIL sensitive cell lines. Further, Leptomycin B sensitises TRAIL-insensitive cell lines to TRAIL and death receptor agonistic antibody mediated apoptosis. We also confirmed that aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) positive cells are not resistant to the apoptotic effects of TRAIL and Leptomycin B, an important observation since ALDH positive cells can have enhanced tumorigenicity and are implicated in disease recurrence and metastasis. The nuclear export pathway in combination with death receptor agonists, is a potential therapeutic strategy in osteosarcoma and warrants further research on clinically relevant selective inhibitors of nuclear export.
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36
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Zhang W, Lu Y, Li X, Zhang J, Lin W, Zhang W, Zheng L, Li X. IPO5 promotes the proliferation and tumourigenicity of colorectal cancer cells by mediating RASAL2 nuclear transportation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:296. [PMID: 31288861 PMCID: PMC6617704 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1290-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Karyopherin nuclear transport receptors play important roles in tumour development and drug resistance and have been reported as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for tumour treatment. However, IPO5, one of the karyopherin nuclear transport receptor family members, remains largely uncharacterized in tumour progression. Methods The TCGA data, quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR), western blotting, and IHC analyses were used to detect IPO5 expression in CRC tissues. A series of in vivo and in vitro experiments was utilized to demonstrate the function of IPO5 in CRC tissues. Mass spectrometry (MS), CO-IP technology, subcellular fractionation, and immunofluorescence were utilized to investigate the possible mechanisms of CRC. Results IPO5 was highly expressed and positively correlated with the clinicopathological characteristics of colorectal cancer tissues. Functional experiments indicated that IPO5 could promote the development of CRC. Mechanistically, we screened RASAL2, one cargo of IPO5, and further confirmed that IPO5 bound to the NLS sequence of RASAL2, mediating RASAL2 nuclear translocation and inducing RAS signal activation, thereby promoting the progression of CRC. Conclusions Together, our results indicate that IPO5 is overexpressed in colorectal cancer cells. By transporting RASAL2, IPO5 may play a crucial role in CRC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-019-1290-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanxia Lu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Li
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianming Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China.,Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weihao Lin
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Zheng
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuenong Li
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China.
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Chien W, Sudo M, Ding LW, Sun QY, Wuensche P, Lee KL, Hattori N, Garg M, Xu L, Zheng Y, Gery S, Wongphayak S, Yang H, Baloglu E, Shacham S, Kauffman M, Mori S, Koeffler HP. Functional Genome-wide Screening Identifies Targets and Pathways Sensitizing Pancreatic Cancer Cells to Dasatinib. J Cancer 2018; 9:4762-4773. [PMID: 30588262 PMCID: PMC6299388 DOI: 10.7150/jca.25138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study is an unbiased genomic screen to obtain functional targets for increased effectiveness of dasatinib in pancreatic cancer. Dasatinib, a multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is used in clinical trials for treatment of pancreatic cancer; however, intrinsic and acquired resistance often occurs. We used a dasatinib-resistant pancreatic cancer cell line SU8686 to screen for synthetic lethality that synergizes with dasatinib using a pooled human shRNA library followed by next generation sequencing. Novel genes were identified which when silenced produced a prominent inhibitory effect with dasatinib against the pancreatic cancer cells. Several of these genes are involved in the regulation of epigenetics, as well as signaling pathways of the FOXO and hedgehog families. Small molecule inhibitors of either histone deacetylases or nuclear exporter had marked inhibitory effect with dasatinib in pancreatic cancers, suggesting their potential therapeutic effectiveness in this deadly cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Chien
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Hematology-Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Makoto Sudo
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ling-Wen Ding
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qiao-Yang Sun
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peer Wuensche
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kian Leong Lee
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Norimichi Hattori
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Manoj Garg
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Liang Xu
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yun Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sigal Gery
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sarawut Wongphayak
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Henry Yang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | | | - Seiichi Mori
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - H Phillip Koeffler
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Hematology-Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,National University Cancer Institute, National University Hospital, Singapore
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38
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Luedtke DA, Su Y, Liu S, Edwards H, Wang Y, Lin H, Taub JW, Ge Y. Inhibition of XPO1 enhances cell death induced by ABT-199 in acute myeloid leukaemia via Mcl-1. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:6099-6111. [PMID: 30596398 PMCID: PMC6237582 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins play critical roles in resistance to chemotherapy in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). The Bcl-2-selective inhibitor ABT-199 (Venetoclax) shows promising antileukaemic activity against AML, though Mcl-1 limits its antileukaemic activity. XPO1 is a nuclear exporter overexpressed in AML cells and its inhibition decreases Mcl-1 levels in cancer cells. Thus, we hypothesized that the XPO1-selective inhibitor KPT-330 (Selinexor) can synergize with ABT-199 to induce apoptosis in AML cells through down-regulation of Mcl-1. The combination of KPT-330 and ABT-199 was found to synergistically induce apoptosis in AML cell lines and primary patient samples and cooperatively inhibit colony formation capacity of primary AML cells. KPT-330 treatment decreased Mcl-1 protein after apoptosis initiation. However, binding of Bim to Mcl-1 induced by ABT-199 was abrogated by KPT-330 at the same time as apoptosis initiation. KPT-330 treatment increased binding of Bcl-2 to Bim but was overcome by ABT-199 treatment, demonstrating that KPT-330 and ABT-199 reciprocally overcome apoptosis resistance. Mcl-1 knockdown and overexpression confirmed its critical role in the antileukaemic activity of the combination. In summary, KPT-330 treatment, alone and in combination with ABT-199, modulates Mcl-1, which plays an important role in the antileukaemic activity of the combination.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic/administration & dosage
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Drug Synergism
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Humans
- Hydrazines/administration & dosage
- Karyopherins/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/genetics
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/genetics
- Sulfonamides/administration & dosage
- Triazoles/administration & dosage
- Exportin 1 Protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. Luedtke
- Cancer Biology Graduate ProgramWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMIUSA
| | - Yongwei Su
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS VaccineSchool of Life SciencesJilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Shuang Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS VaccineSchool of Life SciencesJilin UniversityChangchunChina
- Department of PediatricsWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMIUSA
| | - Holly Edwards
- Department of OncologyWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMIUSA
- Molecular Therapeutics ProgramKarmanos Cancer InstituteWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMIUSA
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and OncologyThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Hai Lin
- Department of Hematology and OncologyThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Jeffrey W. Taub
- Department of PediatricsWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMIUSA
- Molecular Therapeutics ProgramKarmanos Cancer InstituteWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMIUSA
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and OncologyChildren's Hospital of MichiganDetroitMIUSA
| | - Yubin Ge
- Cancer Biology Graduate ProgramWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMIUSA
- Department of PediatricsWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMIUSA
- Department of OncologyWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMIUSA
- Molecular Therapeutics ProgramKarmanos Cancer InstituteWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMIUSA
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39
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Kosyna FK, Depping R. Controlling the Gatekeeper: Therapeutic Targeting of Nuclear Transport. Cells 2018; 7:cells7110221. [PMID: 30469340 PMCID: PMC6262578 DOI: 10.3390/cells7110221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear transport receptors of the karyopherin superfamily of proteins transport macromolecules from one compartment to the other and are critical for both cell physiology and pathophysiology. The nuclear transport machinery is tightly regulated and essential to a number of key cellular processes since the spatiotemporally expression of many proteins and the nuclear transporters themselves is crucial for cellular activities. Dysregulation of the nuclear transport machinery results in localization shifts of specific cargo proteins and associates with the pathogenesis of disease states such as cancer, inflammation, viral illness and neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, inhibition of the nuclear transport system has future potential for therapeutic intervention and could contribute to the elucidation of disease mechanisms. In this review, we recapitulate clue findings in the pathophysiological significance of nuclear transport processes and describe the development of nuclear transport inhibitors. Finally, clinical implications and results of the first clinical trials are discussed for the most promising nuclear transport inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike K Kosyna
- Institute of Physiology, Center for Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23562 Lübeck, Germany.
| | - Reinhard Depping
- Institute of Physiology, Center for Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23562 Lübeck, Germany.
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40
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Abuzenadah A, Al-Saedi S, Karim S, Al-Qahtani M. Role of Overexpressed Transcription Factor FOXO1 in Fatal Cardiovascular Septal Defects in Patau Syndrome: Molecular and Therapeutic Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113547. [PMID: 30423812 PMCID: PMC6274780 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Patau Syndrome (PS), characterized as a lethal disease, allows less than 15% survival over the first year of life. Most deaths owe to brain and heart disorders, more so due to septal defects because of altered gene regulations. We ascertained the cytogenetic basis of PS first, followed by molecular analysis and docking studies. Thirty-seven PS cases were referred from the Department of Pediatrics, King Abdulaziz University Hospital to the Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Jeddah during 2008 to 2018. Cytogenetic analyses were performed by standard G-band method and trisomy13 were found in all the PS cases. Studies have suggested that genes of chromosome 13 and other chromosomes are associated with PS. We, therefore, did molecular pathway analysis, gene interaction, and ontology studies to identify their associations. Genomic analysis revealed important chr13 genes such as FOXO1, Col4A1, HMGBB1, FLT1, EFNB2, EDNRB, GAS6, TNFSF1, STARD13, TRPC4, TUBA3C, and TUBA3D, and their regulatory partners on other chromosomes associated with cardiovascular disorders, atrial and ventricular septal defects. There is strong indication of involving FOXO1 (Forkhead Box O1) gene-a strong transcription factor present on chr13, interacting with many septal defects link genes. The study was extended using molecular docking to find a potential drug lead for overexpressed FOXO1 inhibition. The phenothiazine and trifluoperazine showed efficiency to inhibit overexpressed FOXO1 protein, and could be potential drugs for PS/trisomy13 after validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Abuzenadah
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Saad Al-Saedi
- Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80215, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sajjad Karim
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammed Al-Qahtani
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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41
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Wang Y, Ding Q, Lu YC, Cao SY, Liu QX, Zhang L. Interferon-stimulated gene 15 enters posttranslational modifications of p53. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:5507-5518. [PMID: 30317575 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor protein p53 is a central governor of various cellular signals. It is well accepted that ubiquitination as well as ubiquitin-like (UBL) modifications of p53 protein is critical in the control of its activity. Interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) is a well-known UBL protein with pleiotropic functions, serving both as a free intracellular molecule and as a modifier by conjugating to target proteins. Initially, attentions have historically focused on the antiviral effects of ISG15 pathway. Remarkably, a significant role in the processes of autophagy, DNA repair, and protein translation provided considerable insight into the new functions of ISG15 pathway. Despite the deterministic revelation of the relation between ISG15 and p53, the functional consequence of p53 ISGylation appears somewhat confused. More important, more recent studies have hinted p53 ubiquitination or other UBL modifications that might interconnect with its ISGylation. Here, we aim to summarize the current knowledge of p53 ISGylation and the differences in other significant modifications, which would be beneficial for the development of p53-based cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qi Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yu-Chen Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shi-Yang Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qing-Xue Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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42
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Talati C, Sweet KL. Nuclear transport inhibition in acute myeloid leukemia: recent advances and future perspectives. Int J Hematol Oncol 2018; 7:IJH04. [PMID: 30405902 PMCID: PMC6219429 DOI: 10.2217/ijh-2018-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective inhibitors of nuclear export (SINE) are emerging as a potentially efficacious therapeutic strategy for overcoming resistance to conventional chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia. SINE specifically block the protein Exportin 1, also known as chromosomal region maintenance 1, leading to nuclear retention of cargo proteins, including several tumor suppressor proteins. Selinexor, a first generation SINE, is currently in early phase clinical studies in various combinations with promising antileukemic and pro-apoptotic activity. Here we discuss the mechanism of action of SINEs and further elaborate on the clinical data available from the various trials in acute myeloid leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetasi Talati
- Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, 33611, USA
| | - Kendra L Sweet
- Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, 33611, USA
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43
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Protection from Disulfide Stress by Inhibition of Pap1 Nuclear Export in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Genetics 2018; 210:857-868. [PMID: 30181192 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.118.301527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Appropriate subcellular localization of regulatory factors is critical for cellular function. Pap1, a nucleocytoplasmic shuttling transcription factor of Schizosaccharomyces pombe, is redox regulated for localization and antistress function. In this study, we find that overproduction of a peptide conjugate containing the nuclear export signal of Oxs1, a conserved eukaryotic protein that, along with Pap1, regulates certain diamide responsive genes, can retain Pap1 in the nucleus before stress by competing for nuclear export. The nuclear retention of Pap1 upregulates several drug resistance genes to prime the cells for higher tolerance to disulfide stress. Overproduction of Oxs1 also upregulates these same genes, not by competing for export but by binding directly to the drug resistance gene promoters for Pap1-mediated activation. Of medical relevance is that this may suggest a gene therapy approach of using nuclear export signal conjugates to suppress the nuclear export of biomolecules.
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44
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Subhash VV, Yeo MS, Wang L, Tan SH, Wong FY, Thuya WL, Tan WL, Peethala PC, Soe MY, Tan DSP, Padmanabhan N, Baloglu E, Shacham S, Tan P, Koeffler HP, Yong WP. Anti-tumor efficacy of Selinexor (KPT-330) in gastric cancer is dependent on nuclear accumulation of p53 tumor suppressor. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12248. [PMID: 30115935 PMCID: PMC6095850 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30686-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Exportin-1 (XPO1) controls the nucleo-cytoplasmic trafficking of several key growth regulatory and tumor suppressor proteins. Nuclear export blockade through XPO1 inhibition is a target for therapeutic inhibition in many cancers. Studies have suggested XPO1 upregulation as an indicator of poor prognosis in gastric cancer. In the current study, we investigated the anti-tumor efficacy of selective inhibitors of nuclear export (SINE) compounds KPT-185, KTP-276 and clinical stage selinexor (KPT-330) in gastric cancer. XPO1 was found to be overexpressed in gastric cancer as compared to adjacent normal tissues and was correlated with poor survival outcomes. Among the 3 SINE compounds, in vitro targeting of XPO1 with selinexor resulted in greatest potency with significant anti-proliferative effects at nano molar concentrations. XPO1 inhibition by selinexor resulted in nuclear accumulation of p53, causing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Also, inhibition of XPO1 lead to the cytoplasmic retention of p21 and suppression of survivin. Orally administered selienxor caused significant inhibition of tumor growth in xenograft models of gastric cancer. Furthermore, combination of selinexor with irinotecan exhibited greater anti-tumor effect compared to individual treatment. Taken together, our study underscores the therapeutic utility of XPO1 targeting in gastric cancer and suggests the potential benefits of XPO1 inhibition in-combination with chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Vijay Subhash
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Yong loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mei Shi Yeo
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lingzhi Wang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Yong loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shi Hui Tan
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Foong Ying Wong
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Win Lwin Thuya
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Yong loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Woei Loon Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Yong loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Praveen C Peethala
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Yong loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mu Yar Soe
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David S P Tan
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nisha Padmanabhan
- Department of Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Erkan Baloglu
- Karyopharm Therapeutics Inc, Newton, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Patrick Tan
- Department of Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - H Phillip Koeffler
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Yong loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Peng Yong
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Yong loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
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Gandhi UH, Senapedis W, Baloglu E, Unger TJ, Chari A, Vogl D, Cornell RF. Clinical Implications of Targeting XPO1-mediated Nuclear Export in Multiple Myeloma. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA, MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2018; 18:335-345. [PMID: 29610030 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignancy of plasma cells that is typically chronic, and relapse is common. Current therapeutic strategies include combination and sequential treatments with corticosteroids, alkylating agents, proteasomal inhibitors, immunomodulators, and monoclonal antibodies. These drugs prolong survival but ultimately become ineffective. Exportin 1 (XPO1), a nuclear export protein, is overexpressed in MM cells, and knockdown studies have suggested that XPO1 is essential for MM cell survival. Selective inhibitor of nuclear export (SINE) compounds are novel, orally bioavailable class of agents that specifically inhibit XPO1. Selinexor (KPT-330) is the first-in-human SINE compound. Early phase clinical trials have established the safety profile of this agent and have shown promising efficacy in combination with low-dose dexamethasone and other anti-MM agents. The combination of selinexor and dexamethasone has demonstrated activity in "penta-refractory" MM, (ie, MM refractory to the 5 most active anti-MM agents currently used in treatment). We have reviewed the available data on the molecular implications of XPO1 inhibition in MM. We also reviewed the pertinent early phase clinical data with SINE compounds and discuss management strategies for common toxicities encountered with use of selinexor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ujjawal H Gandhi
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | | | | | | | - Ajai Chari
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY
| | - Dan Vogl
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Robert F Cornell
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.
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Inamdar AA, Goy A, Ayoub NM, Attia C, Oton L, Taruvai V, Costales M, Lin YT, Pecora A, Suh KS. Mantle cell lymphoma in the era of precision medicine-diagnosis, biomarkers and therapeutic agents. Oncotarget 2018; 7:48692-48731. [PMID: 27119356 PMCID: PMC5217048 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in the development of clinical agents for treating Mantle Cell Lymphoma (MCL), treatment of MCL remains a challenge due to complexity and frequent relapse associated with MCL. The incorporation of conventional and novel diagnostic approaches such as genomic sequencing have helped improve understanding of the pathogenesis of MCL, and have led to development of specific agents targeting signaling pathways that have recently been shown to be involved in MCL. In this review, we first provide a general overview of MCL and then discuss about the role of biomarkers in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment for MCL. We attempt to discuss major biomarkers for MCL and highlight published and ongoing clinical trials in an effort to evaluate the dominant signaling pathways as drugable targets for treating MCL so as to determine the potential combination of drugs for both untreated and relapse/refractory cases. Our analysis indicates that incorporation of biomarkers is crucial for patient stratification and improve diagnosis and predictability of disease outcome thus help us in designing future precision therapies. The evidence indicates that a combination of conventional chemotherapeutic agents and novel drugs designed to target specific dysregulated signaling pathways can provide the effective therapeutic options for both untreated and relapse/refractory MCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arati A Inamdar
- The Genomics and Biomarkers Program, The John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Andre Goy
- Clinical Divisions, John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Nehad M Ayoub
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Christen Attia
- The Genomics and Biomarkers Program, The John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Lucia Oton
- The Genomics and Biomarkers Program, The John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Varun Taruvai
- The Genomics and Biomarkers Program, The John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Mark Costales
- The Genomics and Biomarkers Program, The John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Yu-Ting Lin
- The Genomics and Biomarkers Program, The John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Andrew Pecora
- Clinical Divisions, John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - K Stephen Suh
- The Genomics and Biomarkers Program, The John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
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Liu Z, Gao W. Leptomycin B reduces primary and acquired resistance of gefitinib in lung cancer cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 335:16-27. [PMID: 28942004 PMCID: PMC5643250 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) gefitinib has demonstrated dramatic clinical efficacy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. However, its therapeutic efficacy is ultimately limited by the development of acquired drug resistance. The aim of this study was to explore the potential utility of chromosome region maintenance 1 (CRM1) inhibitor leptomycin B (LMB) in combination with gefitinib to overcome primary and acquired gefitinib resistance in NSCLC cells. The combinative effects of gefitinib and LMB were evaluated by MTT and its underlining mechanism was assessed by flow cytometry and Western blot. LMB displayed a synergistic effect on gefitinib-induced cytotoxicity in A549 (IC50: 25.0±2.1μM of gefitinib+LMB vs. 32.0±2.5μM of gefitinib alone, p<0.05). Gefitinib+LMB caused a significantly different cell cycle distribution and signaling pathways involved in EGFR/survivin/p21 compared with gefitinib. A549 cells then were treated with progressively increased concentrations of gefitinib (A549GR) or in combination with LMB (A549GLR) over 10months to generate gefitinib resistance. IC50 of gefitinib in A549GLR (37.0±2.8μM) was significantly lower than that in A549GR (53.0±3.0μM, p<0.05), which indicates that LMB could reverse gefitinib-induced resistance in A549. Further mechanism investigation revealed that the expression patterns of EGFR pathway and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers in A549, A549GR, and A549GLR were significantly different. In conclusion, LMB at a very low concentration (0.5nM) combined with gefitinib showed synergistic therapeutic effects and ameliorated the development of gefitinib-induced resistance in lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwei Liu
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Weimin Gao
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States.
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48
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Thirumalairaj J, Sivasankari K, Natarajaseenivasan K, Balagurunathan R. Potential anti-leptospiral compound, leptomycin B from marine Streptomyces indiaensis MSU5: taxonomy, fermentation, compound isolation, in vitro and in vivo efficacy. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 33:187. [PMID: 28956236 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-017-2351-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Leptospirosis is a worldwide reemerging tropical zoonotic disease with symptoms of mild febrile illness to more severe multiple organ failure caused by pathogenic leptospiral strains. There was no effective antibiotic for treating leptospirosis. Here, the anti-leptospiral potential of marine actinobacterial compound from Streptomyces indiaensis MSU5 isolated from Manakudy marine sediment, Tamil Nadu, India was evaluated. The potential actinobacterial strain was identified by phenotypic, cell wall, 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis. In vitro anti-leptospiral activity of the actinobacterial compound was determined using broth microdilution test against various serovars of Leptospira with different concentration ranging from 15.625 to 500 µg/ml. Mass production of anti-leptospiral compound was carried out in agar surface fermentation with optimized condition and purified by preparative TLC. The purified fraction of anti-leptospiral compound named as MSU5-1, and it was confirmed by microdilution test. Remarkably, the compound MSU5-1 showed minimum inhibitory concentration of 62.5 µg/ml and minimum bactericidal concentration of 125 µg/ml against human pathogenic leptospiral isolate strain N2. The structural elucidation of purified compound was carried out using UV, FT-IR, NMR and LC-MS analysis. The compound MSU5-1 was tentatively identified as leptomycin B (C33H48O6) with molecular weight 541.1 g/mol. Anti-leptospiral activity of compound MSU5-1 exhibited 80% of survival rate in mice model, further it was confirmed by Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis. From the available literature, this is the first report on the marine actinobacterial compound for evaluating both in vitro and in vivo leptospiricidal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeyaraman Thirumalairaj
- Actinobacterial Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu, 636 011, India
| | - Karikalacholan Sivasankari
- Medical Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620 024, India
| | - Kalimuthusamy Natarajaseenivasan
- Medical Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620 024, India
| | - Ramasamy Balagurunathan
- Actinobacterial Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu, 636 011, India.
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Garg M, Kanojia D, Mayakonda A, Ganesan TS, Sadhanandhan B, Suresh S, S S, Nagare RP, Said JW, Doan NB, Ding LW, Baloglu E, Shacham S, Kauffman M, Koeffler HP. Selinexor (KPT-330) has antitumor activity against anaplastic thyroid carcinoma in vitro and in vivo and enhances sensitivity to doxorubicin. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9749. [PMID: 28852098 PMCID: PMC5575339 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10325-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is one of the most lethal malignancies having no effective treatment. Exportin-1 (XPO1) is the key mediator of nuclear export of many tumor suppressor proteins and is overexpressed in human cancers. In this study, we examined the therapeutic potential of selinexor (XPO1 inhibitor) against human ATC cells both in vitro and in vivo. Here, we showed that XPO1 is robustly expressed in primary ATC samples and human ATC cell lines. Silencing of XPO1 by either shRNA or selinexor significantly reduced cellular growth and induced cell cycle arrest, apoptosis of ATC cells by altering the protein expression of cancer-related genes. Moreover, selinexor significantly inhibited tumor growth of ATC xenografts. Microarray analysis showed enrichment of DNA replication, cell cycle, cell cycle checkpoint and TNF pathways in selinexor treated ATC cells. Importantly, selinexor decreased AXL and GAS6 levels in CAL62 and HTH83 cells and suppressed the phosphorylation of downstream targets of AXL signaling such as AKT and P70S6K. Finally, a combination of selinexor with doxorubicin demonstrated a synergistic decrease in the cellular proliferation of several ATC cells. These results provide a rationale for investigating the efficacy of combining selinexor and doxorubicin therapy to improve the outcome of ATC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Garg
- Cancer Science Institute (CSI) of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Medical Oncology and Clinical Research, Cancer Institute (WIA), Adyar, Chennai, India.
| | - Deepika Kanojia
- Cancer Science Institute (CSI) of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anand Mayakonda
- Cancer Science Institute (CSI) of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Trivadi S Ganesan
- Department of Medical Oncology and Clinical Research, Cancer Institute (WIA), Adyar, Chennai, India
| | - Bindhya Sadhanandhan
- Department of Medical Oncology and Clinical Research, Cancer Institute (WIA), Adyar, Chennai, India
| | - Sidhanth Suresh
- Department of Medical Oncology and Clinical Research, Cancer Institute (WIA), Adyar, Chennai, India
| | - Sneha S
- Department of Medical Oncology and Clinical Research, Cancer Institute (WIA), Adyar, Chennai, India
| | - Rohit P Nagare
- Department of Medical Oncology and Clinical Research, Cancer Institute (WIA), Adyar, Chennai, India
| | - Jonathan W Said
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ngan B Doan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ling-Wen Ding
- Cancer Science Institute (CSI) of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | | | - H Phillip Koeffler
- Cancer Science Institute (CSI) of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, University of California Los Angeles, School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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50
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Lewis RA, Li J, Allenby NEE, Errington J, Hayles J, Nurse P. Screening and purification of natural products from actinomycetes that affect the cell shape of fission yeast. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:3173-3185. [PMID: 28775153 PMCID: PMC5612171 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.194571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to identify bioactive compounds that alter the cellular shape of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe by affecting functions involved in the cell cycle or cell morphogenesis. We used a multidrug-sensitive fission yeast strain, SAK950 to screen a library of 657 actinomycete bacteria and identified 242 strains that induced eight different major shape phenotypes in S. pombe. These include the typical cell cycle-related phenotype of elongated cells, and the cell morphology-related phenotype of rounded cells. As a proof of principle, we purified four of these activities, one of which is a novel compound and three that are previously known compounds, leptomycin B, streptonigrin and cycloheximide. In this study, we have also shown novel effects for two of these compounds, leptomycin B and cycloheximide. The identification of these four compounds and the explanation of the S. pombe phenotypes in terms of their known, or predicted bioactivities, confirm the effectiveness of this approach. Summary: A cell shape-based visual screen of S. pombe in the presence of actinomycete-derived bioactivities and an explanation for the phenotypes following identification of the compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Lewis
- Cell Cycle Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK.,Demuris Ltd, Newcastle Biomedicine Bioincubators, William Leech Building, Newcastle University Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Juanjuan Li
- Cell Cycle Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Nicholas E E Allenby
- Demuris Ltd, Newcastle Biomedicine Bioincubators, William Leech Building, Newcastle University Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Jeffery Errington
- Demuris Ltd, Newcastle Biomedicine Bioincubators, William Leech Building, Newcastle University Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Jacqueline Hayles
- Cell Cycle Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Paul Nurse
- Cell Cycle Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
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