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Liu X, Ye Z, Rao D, Chen Q, Zhang Z. DUSP4 maintains the survival and LSD1 protein stability in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells by inhibiting JNK signaling-dependent autophagy. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2024; 60:115-122. [PMID: 38286920 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-023-00845-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
DUSP4 is a biomarker of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), which is responsible for the prognosis in ESCC. However, the underlying mechanism of DUSP4-regulated ESCC carcinogenesis is unknown. As a negative regulator of JNK, DUSP4 can inhibit autophagy, which contributes to tumorigenesis. This study aimed to explore the role of autophagy in DUSP4-regulated ESCC carcinogenesis. Our results showed that DUSP4 overexpression inhibited autophagy and promoted LSD1 protein expression in ESCC cells, while DUSP4 silencing showed the opposite effects. However, DUSP4 overexpression and silencing did not affect LSD1 mRNA expression. But the regulatory ability of DUSP4 overexpression on autophagy, death level, and LSD1 protein was reversed by rapamycin. In addition, DUSP4 overexpression inhibited JNK and Bcl2 phosphorylation and the dissociation of Bcl2-Beclin1 complex, while DUSP4 silencing promoted JNK and Bcl2 phosphorylation. Moreover, the regulatory ability of DUSP4 overexpression on autophagy, death, and LSD1 protein was reversed by JNK activator anisomycin. The xenograft assays also showed that DUSP4 overexpression-promoted ESCC tumor growth in vivo and LC3II and LSD1 protein expression in tumor tissues were reversed by rapamycin or anisomycin. Overall, DUSP4 inhibits Bcl2-Beclin1-autophagy signal transduction through the negative regulation of JNK, thus suppressing autophagic death and the autophagic degradation of LSD1 in ESCC, by which DUSP4 promotes ESCC carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
- Gannan Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhou Ye
- Department of Digestive, The 900Th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force, PLA, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Dingyu Rao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, No. 3, Outangli, Xingannan Road, Zhanggong District, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qianshun Chen
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China.
| | - Zuxiong Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, No. 3, Outangli, Xingannan Road, Zhanggong District, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China.
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China.
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Zhang R, Yang X, Shi X, Xing E, Wang L, Hao C, Zhang Z. Bortezomib modulated the autophagy-lysosomal pathway in a TFEB-dependent manner in multiple myeloma. Leuk Res 2024; 138:107455. [PMID: 38368721 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2024.107455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the involvement of TFEB-mediated autophagy-lysosomal mechanisms in multiple myeloma (MM) during bortezomib treatment. METHODS MM cells were exposed to bortezomib or subjected to TFEB knockdown. CCK assay was used to assess the cell proliferation. Western blotting and fluorescent staining were conducted to examine autophagy and lysosomes. The TFEB expression pattern was analyzed, and whole transcriptome sequencing was carried out. Additionally, TFEB target genes were predicted using the GTRD(http://gtrd.biouml.org/) website, and pathway analysis was performed. RESULTS Bortezomib demonstrated a dose-dependent and time dependent inhibition of cell proliferation. In MM cells treated with bortezomib, LC3B, Beclin-1, TFEB, and Lamp1 exhibited upregulation in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. LysoTracker dye labeling showed an increase in lysosomes in the bortezomib-treated group. Moreover, bortezomib elevated the expression of lysosome-associated factor Lamp1. Bortezomib promoted the nuclear translocation of TFEB, leading to decreased cytoplasmic TFEB and increased nuclear TFEB. TFEB gene silencing reversed bortezomib's inhibitory effect on MM cell lines, significantly reducing autophagosome expression and lysosome numbers. Furthermore, bioinformatic analysis identified the MAPK pathway as a potential downstream target of TFEB. CONCLUSION Bortezomib effectively inhibits MM cell proliferation and induces autophagy, partly through TFEB-mediated mechanisms, with potential involvement of the MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongjuan Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhaung 050000, China
| | - Xinhong Yang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde 067000, China
| | - Xiaomin Shi
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde 067000, China
| | - Enhong Xing
- Department of central laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde 067000, China
| | - Lihong Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde 067000, China
| | - Changlai Hao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhaung 050000, China; Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde 067000, China.
| | - Zhihua Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde 067000, China.
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Hao SH, Ma XD, Xu L, Xie JD, Feng ZH, Chen JW, Chen RX, Wang FW, Tang YH, Xie D, Cai MY. Dual specific phosphatase 4 suppresses ferroptosis and enhances sorafenib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma. Drug Resist Updat 2024; 73:101052. [PMID: 38262246 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2024.101052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
AIMS This investigation aims to elucidate the mechanism underlying sorafenib-induced ferroptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS The role of dual specificity phosphatase 4 (DUSP4) in sorafenib-treated HCC was investigated using comprehensive assessments both in vitro and in vivo, including Western blotting, qRT-PCR, cell viability assay, lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay, immunohistochemistry, and xenograft tumor mouse model. Additionally, label-free quantitative proteomics was employed to identify potential proteins associated with DUSP4. RESULTS Our study revealed that suppression of DUSP4 expression heightens the susceptibility of HCC cells to ferroptosis inducers, specifically sorafenib and erastin, in both in vitro and in vivo settings. Furthermore, we identified DUSP4-mediated regulation of key ferroptosis-related markers, such as ferritin light chain (FTL) and ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1). Notably, label-free quantitative proteomics unveiled the phosphorylation of threonine residue T148 on YTH Domain Containing 1 (YTHDC1) by DUSP4. Further investigations unraveled that YTHDC1, functioning as an mRNA nuclear export regulator, is a direct target of DUSP4, orchestrating the subcellular localization of FTL and FTH1 mRNAs. Significantly, our study highlights a strong correlation between elevated DUSP4 expression and sorafenib resistance in HCC. CONCLUSIONS Our findings introduce DUSP4 as a negative regulator of sorafenib-induced ferroptosis. This discovery opens new avenues for the development of ferroptosis-based therapeutic strategies tailored for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Hui Hao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Xiao-Dan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060 Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Liver Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Jing-Dun Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
| | - Zi-Hao Feng
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510060 Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie-Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060 Guangzhou, China; Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Ri-Xin Chen
- Research Center of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Feng-Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060 Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Hao Tang
- Department of Liver Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Dan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060 Guangzhou, China; Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China.
| | - Mu-Yan Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060 Guangzhou, China; Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China.
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Singh A, Georgy JT, Dhananjayan S, Sigamani E, John AO, Joel A, Chandramohan J, Abarna R, Rebekah G, Backianathan S, Abraham DT, Paul MJ, Chacko RT, Manipadam MT, Pai R. Comparative analysis of mutational patterns in triple negative breast cancer before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with residual disease. Gene 2024; 895:147980. [PMID: 37951371 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous disease with poor survival compared to other subtypes. Patients with residual disease after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) face an increased risk of relapse and death. We aimed to characterize the mutational landscape of this subset to offer insights into relapse pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets. We retrospectively analyzed archived paired (pre- and post-NAC) tumor samples from 25 patients with TNBC with residual disease using a targeted 72-gene next-generation sequencing panel. Our findings revealed a stable mutational burden in both pre- and post-NAC samples, with a median count of 12 variants (IQR 7-17.25) per sample. TP53, PMS2, PTEN, ERBB2, and NOTCH1 variants were observed in pre-NAC samples predominantly. Notably, post-NAC samples exhibited a significant increase in AR gene mutations, suggesting potential prognostic and predictive implications. No difference in mutational burden was found between patients who did and did not receive platinum (p = 0.94), or between those with and without recurrence (p = 0.49). We employed K-means clustering to categorize the patients based on their variant profiles, aiding in the prediction of possible patterns associated with recurrence. Our study was limited by its small sample size and retrospective design, suggesting the need for further validation in larger prospective cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Singh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632004, India
| | - Josh Thomas Georgy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632004, India
| | - Sakthi Dhananjayan
- Department of Pathology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632004, India
| | - Elanthenral Sigamani
- Department of Pathology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632004, India
| | - Ajoy Oommen John
- Department of Medical Oncology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632004, India
| | - Anjana Joel
- Department of Medical Oncology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632004, India
| | - Jagan Chandramohan
- Department of Pathology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632004, India
| | - Rajadurai Abarna
- Department of Pathology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632004, India
| | - Grace Rebekah
- Department of Biostatistics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632004, India
| | - Selvamani Backianathan
- Department of Radiotherapy, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632004, India
| | - Deepak Thomas Abraham
- Department of Endocrine Surgery, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632004, India
| | | | - Raju Titus Chacko
- Department of Medical Oncology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632004, India
| | | | - Rekha Pai
- Department of Pathology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632004, India.
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Cosgrove BD, Bounds LR, Taylor CK, Su AL, Rizzo AJ, Barrera A, Crawford GE, Hoffman BD, Gersbach CA. Mechanosensitive genomic enhancers potentiate the cellular response to matrix stiffness. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.10.574997. [PMID: 38260455 PMCID: PMC10802421 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.10.574997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Epigenetic control of cellular transcription and phenotype is influenced by changes in the cellular microenvironment, yet how mechanical cues from these microenvironments precisely influence epigenetic state to regulate transcription remains largely unmapped. Here, we combine genome-wide epigenome profiling, epigenome editing, and phenotypic and single-cell RNA-seq CRISPR screening to identify a new class of genomic enhancers that responds to the mechanical microenvironment. These 'mechanoenhancers' could be active on either soft or stiff extracellular matrix contexts, and regulated transcription to influence critical cell functions including apoptosis, mechanotransduction, proliferation, and migration. Epigenetic editing of mechanoenhancers on rigid materials tuned gene expression to levels observed on softer materials, thereby reprogramming the cellular response to the mechanical microenvironment. These editing approaches may enable the precise alteration of mechanically-driven disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D. Cosgrove
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University; Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Center for Advanced Genomic Technologies, Duke University; Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Lexi R. Bounds
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University; Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Center for Advanced Genomic Technologies, Duke University; Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Carson Key Taylor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University; Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Center for Advanced Genomic Technologies, Duke University; Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Alan L. Su
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University; Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Center for Advanced Genomic Technologies, Duke University; Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Anthony J. Rizzo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University; Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Center for Advanced Genomic Technologies, Duke University; Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Alejandro Barrera
- Center for Advanced Genomic Technologies, Duke University; Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University; Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Gregory E. Crawford
- Center for Advanced Genomic Technologies, Duke University; Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center; Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Brenton D. Hoffman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University; Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University; Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Charles A. Gersbach
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University; Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Center for Advanced Genomic Technologies, Duke University; Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University; Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center; Durham, NC 27708, USA
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Mandal J, Yu ZC, Shih IM, Wang TL. ARID1A loss activates MAPK signaling via DUSP4 downregulation. J Biomed Sci 2023; 30:94. [PMID: 38071325 PMCID: PMC10709884 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-023-00985-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ARID1A, a tumor suppressor gene encoding BAF250, a protein participating in chromatin remodeling, is frequently mutated in endometrium-related malignancies, including ovarian or uterine clear cell carcinoma (CCC) and endometrioid carcinoma (EMCA). However, how ARID1A mutations alter downstream signaling to promote tumor development is yet to be established. METHODS We used RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) to explore transcriptomic changes in isogenic human endometrial epithelial cells after deleting ARID1A. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) was employed to assess the active or repressive histone marks on DUSP4 promoter and regulatory regions. We validated our findings using genetically engineered murine endometroid carcinoma models, human endometroid carcinoma tissues, and in silico approaches. RESULTS RNA-seq revealed the downregulation of the MAPK phosphatase dual-specificity phosphatase 4 (DUSP4) in ARID1A-deficient cells. ChIP-seq demonstrated decreased histone acetylation marks (H3K27Ac, H3K9Ac) on DUSP4 regulatory regions as one of the causes for DUSP4 downregulation in ARID1A-deficient cells. Ectopic DUSP4 expression decreased cell proliferation, and pharmacologically inhibiting the MAPK pathway significantly mitigated tumor formation in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that ARID1A protein transcriptionally modulates DUSP4 expression by remodeling chromatin, subsequently inactivating the MAPK pathway, leading to tumor suppression. The ARID1A-DUSP4-MAPK axis may be further considered for developing targeted therapies against ARID1A-mutated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayaprakash Mandal
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zheng-Cheng Yu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ie-Ming Shih
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Tian-Li Wang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Kim SH, Hahm ER, Singh SV. Forkhead Box Q1 is a novel regulator of autophagy in breast cancer cells. Mol Carcinog 2023; 62:1449-1459. [PMID: 37265428 PMCID: PMC10524720 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Forkhead Box Q1 (FoxQ1) transcription factor is overexpressed in luminal-type and basal-type human breast cancers when compared to normal mammary tissue. This transcription factor is best known for its role in promotion of breast cancer stem-like cells and epithelial to mesenchymal transition. The present study documents a novel function of FoxQ1 in breast cancer cells. Overexpression of FoxQ1 in basal-like SUM159 cells and luminal-type MCF-7 cells resulted in increased conversion of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 beta-I (LC3B-I) to LC3B-II, which is a hallmark of autophagy. Autophagy induction by FoxQ1 overexpression was confirmed by visualization of LC3B puncta as well as by transmission electron microscopy. Expression profiling for genes implicated in autophagy regulation revealed upregulation of many genes, including ATG4B, ATG16L1, CTSS, CXCR4 and so forth but downregulation of BCL2L1, DRAM1, TNF, ULK2 and so forth by FoxQ1 overexpression in SUM159 cells. Western blot analysis confirmed upregulation of ATG4B and CXCR4 proteins by FoxQ1 overexpression in both SUM159 and MCF-7 cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay revealed recruitment of FoxQ1 at the promoter of ATG4B. Pharmacological inhibition of ATG4B using S130 significantly increased apoptosis induction by DOX in empty vector transfected as well as FoxQ1 overexpressing SUM159 and MCF-7 cells but this effect was statistically significantly lowered by FoxQ1 overexpression indicating the protective role of FoxQ1 on apoptosis. Treatment of SUM159 cells with S130 and DOX enhanced LC3B-II level in both empty vector transfected cells and FoxQ1 overexpressing SUM159 cells but not in FoxQ1 overexpressing MCF-7 cells. In conclusion, FoxQ1 is a novel regulator of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Hyeong Kim
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Eun-Ryeong Hahm
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Shivendra V. Singh
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Hsiao KC, Ruan SY, Chen SM, Lai TY, Chan RH, Zhang YM, Chu CA, Cheng HC, Tsai HW, Tu YF, Law BK, Chang TT, Chow NH, Chiang CW. The B56γ3-containing protein phosphatase 2A attenuates p70S6K-mediated negative feedback loop to enhance AKT-facilitated epithelial-mesenchymal transition in colorectal cancer. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:172. [PMID: 37430297 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01182-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is one of the major protein phosphatases in eukaryotic cells and is essential for cellular homeostasis. PP2A is a heterotrimer comprising the dimeric AC core enzyme and a highly variable regulatory B subunit. Distinct B subunits help the core enzyme gain full activity toward specific substrates and contribute to diverse cellular roles of PP2A. PP2A has been thought to play a tumor suppressor and the B56γ3 regulatory subunit was shown to play a key tumor suppressor regulatory subunit of PP2A. Nevertheless, we uncovered a molecular mechanism of how B56γ3 may act as an oncogene in colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS Polyclonal pools of CRC cells with stable B56γ3 overexpression or knockdown were generated by retroviral or lentiviral infection and subsequent drug selection. Co-immunoprecipitation(co-IP) and in vitro pull-down analysis were applied to analyze the protein-protein interaction. Transwell migration and invasion assays were applied to investigate the role of B56γ3 in affecting motility and invasive capability of CRC cells. The sensitivity of CRC cells to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was analyzed using the PrestoBlue reagent assay for cell viability. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was applied to investigate the expression levels of phospho-AKT and B56γ3 in paired tumor and normal tissue specimens of CRC. DataSets of TCGA and GEO were analyzed to investigate the correlation of B56γ3 expression with overall survival rates of CRC patients. RESULTS We showed that B56γ3 promoted epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and reduced the sensitivity of CRC cells to 5-FU through upregulating AKT activity. Mechanistically, B56γ3 upregulates AKT activity by targeting PP2A to attenuate the p70S6K-mediated negative feedback loop regulation on PI3K/AKT activation. B56γ3 was highly expressed and positively correlated with the level of phospho-AKT in tumor tissues of CRC. Moreover, high B56γ3 expression is associated with poor prognosis of a subset of patients with CRC. CONCLUSIONS Our finding reveals that the B56γ3 regulatory subunit-containing PP2A plays an oncogenic role in CRC cells by sustaining AKT activation through suppressing p70S6K activity and suggests that the interaction between B56γ3 and p70S6K may serve as a therapeutic target for CRC. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Ching Hsiao
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Siou-Ying Ruan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shih-Min Chen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tai-Yu Lai
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ren-Hao Chan
- Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yan-Ming Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chien-An Chu
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hung-Chi Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hung-Wen Tsai
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Fang Tu
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Brian K Law
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics and the UF-Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Ting-Tsung Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Nan-Haw Chow
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chi-Wu Chiang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC.
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC.
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9
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Piteša N, Kurtović M, Bartoniček N, Gkotsi DS, Čonkaš J, Petrić T, Musani V, Ozretić P, Riobo-Del Galdo NA, Sabol M. Signaling Switching from Hedgehog-GLI to MAPK Signaling Potentially Serves as a Compensatory Mechanism in Melanoma Cell Lines Resistant to GANT-61. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051353. [DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Melanoma represents the deadliest skin cancer due to its cell plasticity which results in high metastatic potential and chemoresistance. Melanomas frequently develop resistance to targeted therapy; therefore, new combination therapy strategies are required. Non-canonical signaling interactions between HH-GLI and RAS/RAF/ERK signaling were identified as one of the drivers of melanoma pathogenesis. Therefore, we decided to investigate the importance of these non-canonical interactions in chemoresistance, and examine the potential for HH-GLI and RAS/RAF/ERK combined therapy. Methods: We established two melanoma cell lines resistant to the GLI inhibitor, GANT-61, and characterized their response to other HH-GLI and RAS/RAF/ERK inhibitors. Results: We successfully established two melanoma cell lines resistant to GANT-61. Both cell lines showed HH-GLI signaling downregulation and increased invasive cell properties like migration potential, colony forming capacity, and EMT. However, they differed in MAPK signaling activity, cell cycle regulation, and primary cilia formation, suggesting different potential mechanisms responsible for resistance occurrence. Conclusions: Our study provides the first ever insights into cell lines resistant to GANT-61 and shows potential mechanisms connected to HH-GLI and MAPK signaling which may represent new hot spots for noncanonical signaling interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolina Piteša
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division of Molecular Medicine, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Matea Kurtović
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division of Molecular Medicine, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nenad Bartoniček
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Genome Informatics, Genomics & Epigenetics Division, 384 Victoria St., Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
- The Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, 370 Victoria St., Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Danai S. Gkotsi
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
- Astbury Centre for Molecular Structural Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Josipa Čonkaš
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division of Molecular Medicine, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tina Petrić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division of Molecular Medicine, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vesna Musani
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division of Molecular Medicine, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Petar Ozretić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division of Molecular Medicine, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Natalia A. Riobo-Del Galdo
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
- Astbury Centre for Molecular Structural Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
- Leeds Cancer Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Maja Sabol
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division of Molecular Medicine, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
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10
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Zhou L, Yao N, Yang L, Liu K, Qiao Y, Huang C, Du R, Yeung YT, Liu W, Cheng D, Dong Z, Li X. DUSP4 promotes esophageal squamous cell carcinoma progression by dephosphorylating HSP90β. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112445. [PMID: 37141098 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular and pathogenic mechanisms of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) development are still unclear, which hinders the development of effective treatments. In this study, we report that DUSP4 is highly expressed in human ESCC and is negatively correlated with patient prognosis. Knockdown of DUSP4 suppresses cell proliferation and patient-derived xenograft (PDX)-derived organoid (PDXO) growth and inhibits cell-derived xenograft (CDX) development. Mechanistically, DUSP4 directly binds to heat shock protein isoform β (HSP90β) and promotes the ATPase activity of HSP90β by dephosphorylating HSP90β on T214 and Y216. These dephosphorylation sites are critical for the stability of JAK1/2-STAT3 signaling and p-STAT3 (Y705) nucleus translocation. In vivo, Dusp4 knockout in mice significantly inhibits 4-nitrochinoline-oxide-induced esophageal tumorigenesis. Moreover, DUSP4 lentivirus or treatment with HSP90β inhibitor (NVP-BEP800) significantly impedes PDX tumor growth and inactivates the JAK1/2-STAT3 signaling pathway. These data provide insight into the role of the DUSP4-HSP90β-JAK1/2-STAT3 axis in ESCC progression and describe a strategy for ESCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liting Zhou
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China; China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Ning Yao
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China; China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China; China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Kangdong Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China; China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou 450000, China; The Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou 450000, China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Yan Qiao
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China; China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou 450000, China; The Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou 450000, China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Chuntian Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China; China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Ruijuan Du
- Henan Key Laboratory of Zhang Zhongjing Formulae and Herbs for Immunoregulation, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang 473004, China
| | - Yiu To Yeung
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Wenting Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China; China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Dan Cheng
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China; China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Zigang Dong
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China; China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou 450000, China; The Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou 450000, China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China.
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China; China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou 450000, China; The Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou 450000, China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China.
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11
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Starlinger P, Brunnthaler L, McCabe C, Pereyra D, Santol J, Steadman J, Hackl M, Skalicky S, Hackl H, Gronauer R, O’Brien D, Kain R, Hirsova P, Gores GJ, Wang C, Gruenberger T, Smoot RL, Assinger A. Transcriptomic landscapes of effective and failed liver regeneration in humans. JHEP Rep 2023; 5:100683. [PMID: 36950091 PMCID: PMC10025111 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2023.100683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Although extensive experimental evidence on the process of liver regeneration exists, in humans, validation is largely missing. However, liver regeneration is critically affected by underlying liver disease. Within this project, we aimed to systematically assess early transcriptional changes during liver regeneration in humans and further assess how these processes differ in people with dysfunctional liver regeneration. Methods Blood samples of 154 patients and intraoperative tissue samples of 46 patients undergoing liver resection were collected and classified with regard to dysfunctional postoperative liver regeneration. Of those, a matched cohort of 21 patients were used for RNA sequencing. Samples were assessed for circulating cytokines, gene expression dynamics, intrahepatic neutrophil accumulation, and spatial transcriptomics. Results Individuals with dysfunctional liver regeneration demonstrated an aggravated transcriptional inflammatory response with higher intracellular adhesion molecule-1 induction. Increased induction of this critical leukocyte adhesion molecule was associated with increased intrahepatic neutrophil accumulation and activation upon induction of liver regeneration in individuals with dysfunctional liver regeneration. Comparing baseline gene expression profiles in individuals with and without dysfunctional liver regeneration, we found that dual-specificity phosphatase 4 (DUSP4) expression, a known critical regulator of intracellular adhesion molecule-1 expression in endothelial cells, was markedly reduced in patients with dysfunctional liver regeneration. Mimicking clinical risk factors for dysfunctional liver regeneration, we found liver sinusoidal endothelial cells of two liver disease models to have significantly reduced baseline levels of DUSP4. Conclusions Exploring the landscape of early transcriptional changes of human liver regeneration, we observed that people with dysfunctional regeneration experience overwhelming intrahepatic inflammation. Subclinical liver disease might account for DUSP4 reduction in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, which ultimately primes the liver for an aggravated inflammatory response. Impact and implications Using a unique human biorepository, focused on liver regeneration (LR), we explored the landscape of circulating and tissue-level alterations associated with both functional and dysfunctional LR. In contrast to experimental animal models, people with dysfunctional LR demonstrated an aggravated transcriptional inflammatory response, higher intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) induction, intrahepatic neutrophil accumulation and activation upon induction of LR. Although inflammatory responses appear rapidly after liver resection, people with dysfunctional LR have exaggerated inflammatory responses that appear to be related to decreased levels of LSEC DUSP4, challenging existing concepts of post-resectional LR.
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Key Words
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- CASH, chemotherapy associated steatohepatitis
- DLR, dysfunctional LR
- DUSP-4
- DUSP4, dual-specificity phosphatase 4
- FDR, false discovery rate
- FLR, functional LR
- FPKM, fragments per kilobase of transcript per million mapped reads
- Human
- ICAM-1, intracellular adhesion molecule-1
- IPA, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis
- IVCL, inferior vena cava ligation
- Inflammation
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- LR, liver regeneration
- LSEC, liver sinusoidal endothelial cell
- Liver regeneration
- MFI, mean fluorescence intensity
- MPO, myeloperoxidase
- NASH, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
- Neutrophils
- PCA, principal component analysis
- POD1, 1 day after liver resection
- POD5, 5 days after liver resection
- STRING, Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins
- TMM, trimmed mean of M values
- TNF, tumour necrosis factor
- logCPM, log counts per million
- pTPM, protein-coding transcripts per million
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Starlinger
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Corresponding authors. Addresses: Department of HPB Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester 55905, MN, USA; Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria. Tel.: +43-1-40400-5621.
| | - Laura Brunnthaler
- Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Chantal McCabe
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - David Pereyra
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, General Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jonas Santol
- Department of Surgery, HPB Center, Viennese Health Network, Clinic Favoriten and Sigmund Freud Private University, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jessica Steadman
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Hubert Hackl
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Raphael Gronauer
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Daniel O’Brien
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Renate Kain
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Hirsova
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Gregory J. Gores
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Thomas Gruenberger
- Department of Surgery, HPB Center, Viennese Health Network, Clinic Favoriten and Sigmund Freud Private University, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rory L. Smoot
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, 55905 Rochester, MN, USA. Tel.: +1-507-284-1529; fax: +1-507-284-5196.
| | - Alice Assinger
- Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Physiology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstraße 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria. Tel.: +43-1-40160-31405.
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12
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Zang L, Song Y, Tian Y, Hu N. TAT-Beclin 1 represses the carcinogenesis of DUSP4-positive PTC by enhancing autophagy. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:1425-1436. [PMID: 36474060 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08109-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND DUSP4 is a pro-tumorigenic molecule of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). DUSP4 also exists as an autophagic regulator. Moreover, DUSP4, as a negative regulator of MAPK, can prevent Beclin 1 from participating in autophagic response. This study aimed to explore whether TAT-Beclin 1, a recombinant protein of Beclin 1, could inhibit the tumorigenesis of DUSP4-positive PTC by regulating autophagy. METHODS First, we divided PTC tissues into three groups according to DUSP4 expression levels by immunohistochemical analyses, and evaluated the relationship between autophagic molecules (Beclin 1 and LC3II) and DUSP4 using Western blotting assays. After overexpression of DUSP4 by lentiviral transduction, the in vitro and in vivo roles of TAT-Beclin 1 on DUSP4-overexpressed PTC cells were assessed (including autophagic activity, cell survival and function, and tumor growth). The roles of TAT-Beclin 1 in the survival of DUSP4-silenced PTC cells were also evaluated. RESULTS Our results showed that the expression levels of autophagic proteins decreased with the increase of DUSP4 expression in PTC tissues. In PTC cells, DUSP4 overexpression-inhibited autophagic activity (including Beclin 1 expression, LC3 conversion rate and LC3-puncta formation) and -promoted cell proliferation and migration were reversed by TAT-Beclin 1 administration. In vivo assays also showed that DUSP4-overexpressed PTC cells had stronger tumorigenic ability and weaker autophagic activity, which was blocked by TAT-Beclin 1 administration. CONCLUSION TAT-Beclin 1, as an autophagic promoter, could repress the carcinogenesis of DUSP4-positive PTC, which implies that the use of TAT-Beclin 1 for the PTC patients' treatment might be determined according to the DUSP4 level in their tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Zang
- Department 5 of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050005, Hebei, China
| | - Yanmei Song
- Department of Infection Management/Public Health, Hebei People's Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050057, Hebei, China
| | - Yanhua Tian
- Department 2 of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050005, Hebei, China
| | - Ning Hu
- Department 4 of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No.215 Heping West Road, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050005, Hebei, China.
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13
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Xu W, Nie C, Chen X. DUSP4 inhibits autophagic cell death and apoptosis in colorectal cancer by regulating BCL2-Beclin1/Bax signaling. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:3229-3239. [PMID: 36705792 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08270-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The DUSP4 gene plays an important role in the carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the underlying mechanism of DUSP4-regulated colorectal carcinogenesis is unknown. DUSP4 is a negative regulator of the MAP kinase (MAPK) JNK, and JNK-mediated BCL2 phosphorylation is associated with apoptosis and autophagic cell death. Our study aimed to explore the significance of BCL2 phosphorylation-dependent autophagy and apoptosis in DUSP4-promoted colorectal carcinogenesis. METHODS We first investigated the roles of DUSP4 in the survival of HCT116 and SW480 CRC cell lines using gene-silencing and -overexpression techniques. Next, we explored the effects of DUSP4 on the BCL2 phosphorylation, autophagy and apoptosis of HCT116 and SW480 cells. Ultimately, with the help of pharmacological inhibitors of Beclin1 and BCL2 (spautin-1 and ABT-737), the relationship between BCL2-Beclin1/Bax signaling and DUSP4-regulated autophagy, apoptosis, survival and migration in HCT116 cells was clarified. RESULTS Our results first confirmed the contribution of DUSP4 to the survival of HCT116 and SW480 cells. In addition, DUSP4 silencing resulted in BCL2 phosphorylation and the enhancement in autophagy and apoptosis in HCT116 and SW480 cells, while DUSP4 overexpression showed the opposite effect. Moreover, DUSP4 silencing inhibited the protein interaction between BCL2 and Beclin1 or Bax in HCT116 cells. Moreover, the survival and migration of HCT116 cells inhibited by DUSP4 silencing were blocked by autophagy inhibition with spautin-1. Notably, the survival and migration of HCT116 cells promoted by DUSP4 overexpression were reversed by ABT-737. CONCLUSIONS It was indicated that DUSP4 can maintain the survival and function of CRC cells by inhibiting BCL2 phosphorylation-dependent autophagic cell death and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.127 Dong Ming Road, Zhengzhou, 450008, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Caiyun Nie
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.127 Dong Ming Road, Zhengzhou, 450008, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobing Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.127 Dong Ming Road, Zhengzhou, 450008, Henan, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Aughton K, Sabat-Pośpiech D, Barlow S, Coupland SE, Kalirai H. Investigating the Role of DUSP4 in Uveal Melanoma. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2022; 11:13. [PMID: 36576731 PMCID: PMC9804032 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.11.12.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Dual-specificity phosphatase 4 (DUSP4) inactivates factors in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascade, activated in uveal melanoma (UM) by mutations in upstream G-protein α subunits GNAQ/11 in >90% cases. This study examined whether DUSP4 (1) protein expression in primary UM (pUM) was a biomarker of metastatic risk and (2) knockdown sensitized UM cells to therapeutic agents, selumetinib or doxorubicin. Methods DUSP4 mRNA data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and DUSP4 protein expression examined using immunohistochemistry in 28 cases of pUM were evaluated for association with clinical, genetic, and histological features. In vitro cytotoxic drug assays tested the efficacy of selumetinib and doxorubicin in UM cell lines with/without small interfering RNA DUSP4 gene silencing. Results DUSP4 protein expression was observed in 93% of cases, with strong nuclear positivity in 79%. Despite higher DUSP4 messenger RNA levels in disomy 3/wild-type BAP1 UM, there was no significant association of nDUSP4 protein with these metastatic risk predictors or outcome. DUSP4 expression in UM cell lines varied. DUSP4 silencing in Mel202, MP46, and MP41 cells did not affect ERK1/2 or phospho-ERK levels. Despite increased phospho-ERK levels in Mel285, no cell line showed enhanced sensitivity to selumetinib/doxorubicin. Conclusions DUSP4 protein expression is not a biomarker of UM metastatic risk. DUSP4 plays a complex role in oncogenesis, as reported in other cancers, and further work is required to fully understand its functional role in the MAPK pathway. Translational Relevance Understanding the role of phosphatases, such as DUSP4, in the control of intracellular signaling cascades will facilitate our ability to identify successful treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Aughton
- Liverpool Ocular Oncology Research Group, University of Liverpool, Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Systems Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Dorota Sabat-Pośpiech
- Liverpool Ocular Oncology Research Group, University of Liverpool, Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Systems Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Samantha Barlow
- Liverpool Ocular Oncology Research Group, University of Liverpool, Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Systems Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK,Liverpool Clinical Laboratories, Liverpool University Hospital Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Sarah E. Coupland
- Liverpool Ocular Oncology Research Group, University of Liverpool, Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Systems Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK,Liverpool Clinical Laboratories, Liverpool University Hospital Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Helen Kalirai
- Liverpool Ocular Oncology Research Group, University of Liverpool, Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Systems Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK,Liverpool Clinical Laboratories, Liverpool University Hospital Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
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15
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Pinilla K, Drewett LM, Lucey R, Abraham JE. Precision Breast Cancer Medicine: Early Stage Triple Negative Breast Cancer-A Review of Molecular Characterisation, Therapeutic Targets and Future Trends. Front Oncol 2022; 12:866889. [PMID: 36003779 PMCID: PMC9393396 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.866889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Personalised approaches to the management of all solid tumours are increasing rapidly, along with wider accessibility for clinicians. Advances in tumour characterisation and targeted therapies have placed triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) at the forefront of this approach. TNBC is a highly heterogeneous disease with various histopathological features and is driven by distinct molecular alterations. The ability to tailor individualised and effective treatments for each patient is of particular importance in this group due to the high risk of distant recurrence and death. The mainstay of treatment across all subtypes of TNBC has historically been cytotoxic chemotherapy, which is often associated with off-target tissue toxicity and drug resistance. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is commonly used as it allows close monitoring of early treatment response and provides valuable prognostic information. Patients who achieve a complete pathological response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy are known to have significantly improved long-term outcomes. Conversely, poor responders face a higher risk of relapse and death. The identification of those subgroups that are more likely to benefit from breakthroughs in the personalised approach is a challenge of the current era where several targeted therapies are available. This review presents an overview of contemporary practice, and promising future trends in the management of early TNBC. Platinum chemotherapy, DNA damage response (DDR) inhibitors, immune checkpoint inhibitors, inhibitors of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR, and androgen receptor (AR) pathways are some of the increasingly studied therapies which will be reviewed. We will also discuss the growing evidence for less-developed agents and predictive biomarkers that are likely to contribute to the forthcoming advances in this field. Finally, we will propose a framework for the personalised management of TNBC based upon the integration of clinico-pathological and molecular features to ensure that long-term outcomes are optimised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Pinilla
- Precision Breast Cancer Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Oncology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Lynsey M. Drewett
- Precision Breast Cancer Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Oncology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Lucey
- Precision Breast Cancer Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Oncology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jean E. Abraham
- Precision Breast Cancer Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Oncology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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16
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Huang S, Ma Z, Zhou Q, Wang A, Gong Y, Li Z, Wang S, Yan Q, Wang D, Hou B, Zhang C. Genome-Wide CRISPR/Cas9 Library Screening Identified that DUSP4 Deficiency Induces Lenvatinib Resistance in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:4357-4371. [PMID: 35864956 PMCID: PMC9295068 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.69969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Lenvatinib is in a first-line therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, drug resistance is one of the principal obstacles for treatment failure. The molecular mechanism of Lenvatinib resistance has not been well investigated. Materials and methods: A genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 knockout screening system was established and bioinformatic analysis was used to identify critical genes associated with Lenvatinib resistance. Cell proliferation assays, colony formation assays and cell migration assays were performed to investigate the effect of drug resistance associated genes, particularly DUSP4, on cancer cell malignant behavior during Lenvatinib treatment. In vivo experiments were conducted by using a xenograft mouse model. Results: We identified six genes that were associated with Lenvatinib resistance in HCC, including DUSP4, CCBL1, DHDH, CNTN2, NOS3 and TNF. DUSP4 was found to be significantly decreased at the mRNA and protein levels in Lenvatinib resistant HCC cells. DUSP4 knockout enhanced HCC cell survival, cell proliferation and migration during Lenvatinib treatment in vitro and in vivo, accompanied by regulation of p-ERK and p-MEK levels. This finding implied that DUSP4 deficiency induced Lenvatinib resistance. Interestingly, DUSP4 deficiency induced Lenvatinib resistance was abrogated by the MEK inhibitor Selumetinib, implying that MEK phosphorylation and DUSP4-inhibition dependent ERK activation were required for drug resistance. Finally, we found that DUSP4 deficiency was associated with HCC prognosis and response to Lenvatinib based on clinical data. Conclusions: DUSP4 deficiency mediates Lenvatinib resistance by activating MAPK/ERK signaling and combination therapy using Lenvatinib and MEK inhibitors may be a promising therapeutic strategy for overcoming Lenvatinib resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanzhou Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China, Heyuan people's Hospital, Heyuan 517000, China,School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510080, China,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zuyi Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China.,Shantou University of Medical College, Shantou, 515000, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Hui Ya Hospital of The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University; Department of Liver Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Aimei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yuanfeng Gong
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510095, China
| | - Zhenchong Li
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China.,School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Shujie Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Qian Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China.,School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Dongping Wang
- Organ Transplant Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology (Organ Transplantation), Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Baohua Hou
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China.,Heyuan people's Hospital, Heyuan 517000, China.,School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510080, China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Chuanzhao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China, Heyuan people's Hospital, Heyuan 517000, China, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510080, China, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
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Kapoor-Narula U, Lenka N. Cancer stem cells and tumor heterogeneity: Deciphering the role in tumor progression and metastasis. Cytokine 2022; 157:155968. [PMID: 35872504 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.155968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Tumor heterogeneity, in principle, reflects the variation among different cancer cell populations. It can be termed inter- or intra-tumoral heterogeneity, respectively, based on its occurrence in various tissues from diverse patients or within a single tumor. The intra-tumoral heterogeneity is one of the leading causes of cancer progression and treatment failure, with the cancer stem cells (CSCs) contributing immensely to the same. These niche cells, similar to normal stem cells, possess the characteristics of self-renewal and differentiation into multiple cell types. Moreover, CSCs contribute to tumor growth and surveillance by promoting recurrence, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. Diverse factors, including intracellular signalling pathways and tumor microenvironment (TME), play a vital role in regulating these CSCs. Although a panel of markers is considered to identify the CSC pool in various cancers, further research is needed to discriminate cancer-specific CSC markers in those. CSCs have also been found to be promising therapeutic targets for cancer therapy. Several small molecules, natural compounds, antibodies, chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells, and CAR-natural killer (CAR-NK) cells have emerged as therapeutic tools for specific targeting of CSCs. Interestingly, many of these are in clinical trials too. Despite being a much-explored avenue of research for years, and we have come to understand its nitty-gritty, there is still a tremendous gap in our knowledge concerning its precise genesis and regulation. Hence, a concrete understanding is needed to assess the CSC-TME link and how to target different cancer-specific CSCs by designing newer tools. In this review, we have summarized CSC, its causative, different pathways and factors regulating its growth, association with tumor heterogeneity, and last but not least, discussed many of the promising CSC-targeted therapies for combating cancer metastasis.
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18
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Hanna A, Nixon MJ, Estrada MV, Sanchez V, Sheng Q, Opalenik SR, Toren AL, Bauer J, Owens P, Mason FM, Cook RS, Sanders ME, Arteaga CL, Balko JM. Combined Dusp4 and p53 loss with Dbf4 amplification drives tumorigenesis via cell cycle restriction and replication stress escape in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2022; 24:51. [PMID: 35850776 PMCID: PMC9290202 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-022-01542-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Deregulated signaling pathways are a hallmark feature of oncogenesis and driver of tumor progression. Dual specificity protein phosphatase 4 (DUSP4) is a critical negative regulator of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and is often deleted or epigenetically silenced in tumors. DUSP4 alterations lead to hyperactivation of MAPK signaling in many cancers, including breast cancer, which often harbor mutations in cell cycle checkpoint genes, particularly in TP53. METHODS Using a genetically engineered mouse model, we generated mammary-specific Dusp4-deleted primary epithelial cells to investigate the necessary conditions in which DUSP4 loss may drive breast cancer oncogenesis. RESULTS We found that Dusp4 loss alone is insufficient in mediating tumorigenesis, but alternatively converges with loss in Trp53 and MYC amplification to induce tumorigenesis primarily through chromosome 5 amplification, which specifically upregulates Dbf4, a cell cycle gene that promotes cellular replication by mediating cell cycle checkpoint escape. CONCLUSIONS This study identifies a novel mechanism for breast tumorigenesis implicating Dusp4 loss and p53 mutations in cellular acquisition of Dbf4 upregulation as a driver of cellular replication and cell cycle checkpoint escape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Hanna
- Departments of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2200 Pierce Ave, 777 PRB, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Mellissa J Nixon
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Department of Early Discovery Oncology, Merck & Co., Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Valeria Estrada
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2200 Pierce Ave, 777 PRB, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Breast Cancer Research Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2200 Pierce Ave, 777 PRB, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Violeta Sanchez
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2200 Pierce Ave, 777 PRB, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Quanhu Sheng
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Susan R Opalenik
- Departments of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2200 Pierce Ave, 777 PRB, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Abigail L Toren
- Departments of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2200 Pierce Ave, 777 PRB, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Joshua Bauer
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Phillip Owens
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Frank M Mason
- Departments of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2200 Pierce Ave, 777 PRB, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Rebecca S Cook
- Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University School of Engineering, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Melinda E Sanders
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2200 Pierce Ave, 777 PRB, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Breast Cancer Research Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2200 Pierce Ave, 777 PRB, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Carlos L Arteaga
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwester, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Justin M Balko
- Departments of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2200 Pierce Ave, 777 PRB, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2200 Pierce Ave, 777 PRB, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Breast Cancer Research Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2200 Pierce Ave, 777 PRB, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
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19
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Du J, Guo W, Häckel S, Hoppe S, Garcia JP, Alini M, Tryfonidou MA, Creemers LB, Grad S, Li Z. The function of CD146 in human annulus fibrosus cells and mechanism of the regulation by TGF-β. J Orthop Res 2022; 40:1661-1671. [PMID: 34662464 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The mouse outer annulus fibrosus (AF) was previously shown to contain CD146+ AF cells, while in vitro culture and exposure to transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) further increased the expression of CD146. However, neither the specific function of CD146 nor the underlying mechanism of TGF-β upregulation of CD146+ AF cells have been elucidated yet. In the current study, CD146 expression and its role in cultured human AF cells was investigated studying the cells' capacity for matrix contraction and gene expression of functional AF markers. In addition, TGF-β pathways were blocked by several pathway inhibitors and short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) targeting SMAD and non-SMAD pathways to investigate their involvement in TGF-β-induced CD146 upregulation. Results showed that knockdown of CD146 led to reduction in AF cell-mediated collagen gel contraction, downregulation of versican and smooth muscle protein 22α (SM22α), and upregulation of scleraxis. TGF-β-induced CD146 upregulation was significantly blocked by inhibition of TGF-β receptor ALK5, and partially inhibited by shRNA against SMAD2 and SMAD4 and by an Protein Kinase B (AKT) inhibitor. Interestingly, the inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) pathway induced CD146 upregulation. In conclusion, CD146 was shown to be crucial to maintain the cell contractility of human AF cells in vitro. Furthermore, TGF-β upregulated CD146 via ALK5 signaling cascade, partially through SMAD2, SMAD4, and AKT pathway, whereas, ERK was shown to be a potential negative modulator. Our findings suggest that CD146 can potentially be used as a functional marker in AF repair strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Du
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Switzerland.,Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Wei Guo
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Switzerland.,Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Sonja Häckel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sven Hoppe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - João P Garcia
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Mauro Alini
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Switzerland
| | | | - Laura B Creemers
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Zhen Li
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Switzerland
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20
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Amante RJ, Auf der Maur P, Richina V, Sethi A, Iesmantavicius V, Bonenfant D, Aceto N, Bentires-Alj M. Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase SHP2 Controls Interleukin-8 Expression in Breast Cancer Cells. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2022; 27:145-153. [PMID: 35739379 PMCID: PMC9433352 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-022-09521-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of metastasis remains a clinical challenge and the majority of breast cancer-related deaths are the result of drug-resistant metastases. The protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 encoded by the proto-oncogene PTPN11 promotes breast cancer progression. Inhibition of SHP2 has been shown to decrease metastases formation in various breast cancer models, but specific downstream effectors of SHP2 remain poorly characterized. Certain cytokines in the metastatic cascade facilitate local invasion and promote metastatic colonization. In this study, we investigated cytokines affected by SHP2 that could be relevant for its pro-tumorigenic properties. We used a cytokine array to investigate differentially released cytokines in the supernatant of SHP2 inhibitor-treated breast cancer cells. Expression of CXCL8 transcripts and protein abundance were assessed in human breast cancer cell lines in which we blocked SHP2 using shRNA constructs or an allosteric inhibitor. The impact of SHP2 inhibition on the phospho-tyrosine-proteome and signaling was determined using mass spectrometry. From previously published RNAseq data (Aceto et al. in Nat. Med. 18:529-37, 2012), we computed transcription factor activities using an integrated system for motif activity response analysis (ISMARA) (Balwierz et al. in Genome Res. 24:869-84, 2014). Finally, using siRNA against ETS1, we investigated whether ETS1 directly influences CXCL8 expression levels. We found that IL-8 is one of the most downregulated cytokines in cell supernatants upon SHP2 blockade, with a twofold decrease in CXCL8 transcripts and a fourfold decrease in IL-8 protein. These effects were also observed in preclinical tumor models. Analysis of the phospho-tyrosine-proteome revealed that several effectors of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway are downregulated upon SHP2 inhibition in vitro. MEK1/2 inhibition consistently reduced IL-8 levels in breast cancer cell supernatants. Computational analysis of RNAseq data from SHP2-depleted tumors revealed reduced activity of the transcription factor ETS1, a direct target of ERK and a transcription factor reported to regulate IL-8 expression. Our work reveals that SHP2 mediates breast cancer progression by enhancing the production and secretion of the pro-metastatic cytokine IL-8. We also provide mechanistic insights into the effects of SHP2 inhibition and its downstream repercussions. Overall, these results support a rationale for targeting SHP2 in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain J Amante
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Priska Auf der Maur
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Veronica Richina
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Atul Sethi
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Debora Bonenfant
- Analytical Sciences and Imaging, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Aceto
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mohamed Bentires-Alj
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland.
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21
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Zhang H, Wang M, Chen D, Luo C. Dual-specificity phosphatase 8 (DUSP8) induces drug resistance in breast cancer by regulating MAPK pathways. J Investig Med 2022; 70:1293-1300. [DOI: 10.1136/jim-2021-002282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to explore the role and molecular mechanism of dual-specificity phosphatase 8 (DUSP8) in the drug resistance of trastuzumab in breast cancer. Real-time PCR and western blot detected the difference in expression of DUSP8 between breast cancer tissue/cells and trastuzumab-resistant tissues/cells. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of DUSP8 in breast cancer. si-DUSP8 or dusp8 overexpression vector was transiently transfected, and the effects of si-DUSP8 on apoptosis, cell viability and cell migration of drug-resistant cell lines were investigated by flow cytometry, MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide) and Transwell assays, and its regulation mechanism finally explored. The results showed that the expression of DUSP8 in breast cancer tissues and cells was significantly higher than in matched non-tumor tissues and cells. DUSP8 was significantly upregulated in non-responsive patients compared with patients who responded to trastuzumab. ROC analysis showed that the area under the curve was 0.732, and the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 64.86% and 75.76%. DUSP8 knockdown promotes apoptosis and reduces trastuzumab resistance in BT474/TR and SKBR3/TR cells by inhibiting cell migration and cell viability. Knockdown of DUSP8 increased the expression of p-p38 and p-ERK, and the regulation of DUSP8 in chemotherapy resistance of breast cancer cells may be realized by mediating mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-related signaling pathways. In conclusion, knockdown of DUSP8 expression in trastuzumab-resistant cells can inhibit cell migration and proliferation, and leads to decreased drug resistance by activating MAPK signaling pathway in trastuzumab-resistant cells.
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22
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HNF4A-AS1-encoded small peptide promotes self-renewal and aggressiveness of neuroblastoma stem cells via eEF1A1-repressed SMAD4 transactivation. Oncogene 2022; 41:2505-2519. [PMID: 35318442 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02271-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells play crucial roles in tumorigenesis and aggressiveness, while regulatory mechanisms in neuroblastoma (NB), a pediatric extracranial malignancy with highest incidence, are still unknown. Herein, a small 51-amino acid peptide (sPEP1) encoded by hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha antisense RNA 1 (HNF4A-AS1) was identified in tumor tissues and cells, which facilitated self-renewal and aggressiveness of NB stem cells. MiRNA-409-5p interacted with HNF4A-AS1 to facilitate sPEP1 translation via recruiting eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit G, while sPEP1 repressed serum deprivation-induced senescence and promoted sphere formation, growth, or metastasis of NB stem cells. Mechanistically, sPEP1 directly interacted with eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 1 (eEF1A1) to facilitate its binding to SMAD family member 4 (SMAD4), resulting in repression of SMAD4 transactivation and transcriptional upregulation of stem cell genes associated with tumor progression. Rescue experiments revealed that sPEP1 exerted oncogenic roles via facilitating physical interaction between eEF1A1 and SMAD4. Notably, knockdown of sPEP1 significantly repressed the self-renewal and metastasis of NB stem cells in vivo. High sPEP1 or eEF1A1 levels in clinical NB tissues were linked to poor patients' survival. These findings suggest that HNF4A-AS1-encoded sPEP1 promotes self-renewal and aggressive features of NB stem cells by eEF1A1-repressed SMAD4 transactivation.
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23
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Xu L, Wang P, Zhang W, Li W, Liu T, Che X. Dual-Specificity Phosphatase 11 Is a Prognostic Biomarker of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:757498. [PMID: 34660327 PMCID: PMC8513537 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.757498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), including intrahepatic (iCCA), perihilar (pCCA), and distal (dCCA) CCA, is a highly aggressive malignancy originating from bile duct. The prognosis of CCA is very poor, and the biomarker study is unsatisfactory compared with other common cancers. Materials and methods In our study, we investigated the expression of dual-specificity phosphatase 11(DUSP11) in eight pairs of iCCAs, pCCAs, and dCCAs, and their corresponding tumor-adjacent tissues, as well as their tumor-adjacent tissues with qPCR. Moreover, we investigated the expression of DUSP11 in 174 cases of CCAs with immunohistochemistry, including 74 iCCAs, 64 pCCAs, and 36 dCCAs. We classified these patients into subsets with low and high expressions of DUSP11, and evaluated the correlations between the DUSP11 subsets and clinicopathological factors. With univariate and multivariate analyses, we assessed the correlation between DUSP11 and the overall survival (OS) rates in these CCA patients. Results In all the CCA subtypes, DUSP11 was elevated in CCAs compared with their paired adjacent tissues. In iCCA, pCCA, and dCCA, the percentages of DUSP11 high expression were 44.59%, 53.85%, and 55.56%, respectively. In iCCA, high DUSP11 expression was significantly associated with an advanced T stage and a poor prognosis. However, the prognostic value of DUSP11 in pCCA and dCCA was not significant. To decrease the statistical error caused by the small sample size of the dCCA cohort, we merged pCCA and dCCA into extracellular CCA (eCCA). In the 101 cases of eCCA, DUSP11 expression was also not significantly associated with the prognosis. Conclusions DUSP11 expression was associated with tumor infiltration and the OS rate in iCCA, but not in pCCA and dCCA. DUSP11 was an independent biomarker of iCCA indicating a poor prognosis. Our results suggested that a high expression of DUSP11 was a post-operational risk factor, and detecting DUSP11 could guide the individual treatment for patients with CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Pancreatic and Gastric Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic and Gastric Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Weiran Li
- Department of Oncology Rehabilitation, Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Oncology Rehabilitation, Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xu Che
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Pancreatic and Gastric Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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24
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Ryu WJ, Sohn JH. Molecular Targets and Promising Therapeutics of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14101008. [PMID: 34681231 PMCID: PMC8540846 DOI: 10.3390/ph14101008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one of the most heterogeneous diseases in solid tumors and has limited therapeutic options. Due to the lack of appropriate targetable markers, the mainstay therapeutic strategy for patients with TNBC has been chemotherapy for the last several decades. Indeed, TNBC tumors have no expression of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, or human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2); therefore, they do not respond to hormone therapy and HER2-targeted therapy. In this review paper, the molecular heterogeneities, possible therapeutic targets, and recently approved and upcoming drugs for TNBC will be summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Ji Ryu
- Avison Biomedical Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea;
| | - Joo Hyuk Sohn
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-02-2228-8135
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25
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Ray T, Ryusaki T, Ray PS. Therapeutically Targeting Cancers That Overexpress FOXC1: A Transcriptional Driver of Cell Plasticity, Partial EMT, and Cancer Metastasis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:721959. [PMID: 34540690 PMCID: PMC8446626 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.721959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis accounts for more than 90% of cancer related mortality, thus the most pressing need in the field of oncology today is the ability to accurately predict future onset of metastatic disease, ideally at the time of initial diagnosis. As opposed to current practice, what would be desirable is that prognostic, biomarker-based detection of metastatic propensity and heightened risk of cancer recurrence be performed long before overt metastasis has set in. Without such timely information it will be impossible to formulate a rational therapeutic treatment plan to favorably alter the trajectory of disease progression. In order to help inform rational selection of targeted therapeutics, any recurrence/metastasis risk prediction strategy must occur with the paired identification of novel prognostic biomarkers and their underlying molecular regulatory mechanisms that help drive cancer recurrence/metastasis (i.e. recurrence biomarkers). Traditional clinical factors alone (such as TNM staging criteria) are no longer adequately prognostic for this purpose in the current molecular era. FOXC1 is a pivotal transcription factor that has been functionally implicated to drive cancer metastasis and has been demonstrated to be an independent predictor of heightened metastatic risk, at the time of initial diagnosis. In this review, we present our viewpoints on the master regulatory role that FOXC1 plays in mediating cancer stem cell traits that include cellular plasticity, partial EMT, treatment resistance, cancer invasion and cancer migration during cancer progression and metastasis. We also highlight potential therapeutic strategies to target cancers that are, or have evolved to become, “transcriptionally addicted” to FOXC1. The potential role of FOXC1 expression status in predicting the efficacy of these identified therapeutic approaches merits evaluation in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Ray
- R&D Division, Onconostic Technologies (OT), Inc., Champaign, IL, United States
| | | | - Partha S Ray
- R&D Division, Onconostic Technologies (OT), Inc., Champaign, IL, United States
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High-Throughput Screen of Natural Compounds and Biomarkers for NSCLC Treatment by Differential Expression and Weighted Gene Coexpression Network Analysis (WGCNA). BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:5955343. [PMID: 34485520 PMCID: PMC8416370 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5955343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is known as the leading cause which presents the highest fatality rate worldwide; non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most prevalent type of lung carcinoma with high severity and affects 80% of patients with lung malignancies. Up to now, the general treatment for NSCLC includes surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy; however, some therapeutic drugs and approaches could cause side effects and weaken the immune system. The combination of conventional therapies and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) significantly improves treatment efficacy in lung cancer. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the chemical composition and underlying antitumor mechanisms of TCM, so as to get a better understanding of the potential natural ingredient for lung cancer treatment. In this study, we selected 78 TCM to treat NSCLC cell line (A549) and obtained 92 transcriptome data; differential expression and WGCNA were applied to screen the potential natural ingredient and target genes. The sample which was treated with A. pierreana generated the most significant DEG set, including 6130 DEGs, 2479 upregulated, and 3651 downregulated. KEGG pathway analyses found that four pathways (MAPK, NF-kappa B, p53, and TGF-beta signaling pathway) were significantly enriched; 16 genes were significantly regulated in these four pathways. Interestingly, some of them such as EGFR, DUSP4, IL1R1, IL1B, MDM2, CDKNIA, and IDs have been used as the target biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and therapy. In addition, classified samples into 14 groups based on their pharmaceutical effects, WGCNA was used to identify 27 modules. Among them, green and darkgrey were the most relevant modules. Eight genes in the green module and four in darkgrey were identified as hub genes. In conclusion, we screened out three new TCM (B. fruticose, A. pierreana, and S. scandens) that have the potential to develop natural anticancer drugs and obtained the therapeutic targets for NSCLC therapy. Our study provides unique insights to screen the natural components for NSCLC therapy using high-throughput transcriptome analysis.
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27
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Cancer stem cell phosphatases. Biochem J 2021; 478:2899-2920. [PMID: 34319405 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are involved in the initiation and progression of human malignancies by enabling cancer tissue self-renewal capacity and constituting the therapy-resistant population of tumor cells. However, despite the exhausting characterization of CSC genetics, epigenetics, and kinase signaling, eradication of CSCs remains an unattainable goal in most human malignancies. While phosphatases contribute equally with kinases to cellular phosphoregulation, our understanding of phosphatases in CSCs lags severely behind our knowledge about other CSC signaling mechanisms. Many cancer-relevant phosphatases have recently become druggable, indicating that further understanding of the CSC phosphatases might provide novel therapeutic opportunities. This review summarizes the current knowledge about fundamental, but yet poorly understood involvement of phosphatases in the regulation of major CSC signaling pathways. We also review the functional roles of phosphatases in CSC self-renewal, cancer progression, and therapy resistance; focusing particularly on hematological cancers and glioblastoma. We further discuss the small molecule targeting of CSC phosphatases and their therapeutic potential in cancer combination therapies.
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28
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Yu LY, Tseng TJ, Lin HC, Hsu CL, Lu TX, Tsai CJ, Lin YC, Chu I, Peng CT, Chen HJ, Tsai FC. Synthetic dysmobility screen unveils an integrated STK40-YAP-MAPK system driving cell migration. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabg2106. [PMID: 34321207 PMCID: PMC8318371 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg2106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Integrating signals is essential for cell survival, leading to the concept of synthetic lethality. However, how signaling is integrated to control cell migration remains unclear. By conducting a "two-hit" screen, we revealed the synergistic reduction of cell migration when serine-threonine kinase 40 (STK40) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) were simultaneously suppressed. Single-cell analyses showed that STK40 knockdown reduced cell motility and coordination by strengthening focal adhesion (FA) complexes. Furthermore, STK40 knockdown reduced the stability of yes-associated protein (YAP) and subsequently decreased YAP transported into the nucleus, while MAPK inhibition further weakened YAP activities in the nucleus to disturb FA remodeling. Together, we unveiled an integrated STK40-YAP-MAPK system regulating cell migration and introduced "synthetic dysmobility" as a novel strategy to collaboratively control cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Yea Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Jen Tseng
- Department of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Chao Lin
- Department of Immunology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Lin Hsu
- Department of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Xuan Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Biological Sciences, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Chia-Jung Tsai
- Department of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yu-Chiao Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I Chu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Tzu Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hou-Jen Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Chiao Tsai
- Department of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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29
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Zeng X, Zhu C, Zhu X. DUSP4 promotes the carcinogenesis of CCRCC via negative regulation of autophagic death. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 85:1839-1845. [PMID: 34143206 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbab111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
DUSP4 is considered as an oncogenic gene. However, the effect of DUSP4 on the carcinogenesis of clear cell Renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) is still unclear. In this study, DUSP4 mRNA levels were significantly increased in CCRCC tissues and cell lines. Furthermore, DUSP4 overexpression promotes the proliferation, migration, and tumorigenicity of CCRCC cells while DUSP4 silencing showed the opposite effects. Importantly, both autophagic activity (LC3 conversion rate and LC3 puncta formation) and total death level promoted by DUSP4 silencing were reversed by treatment with 3-MA in CCRCC cells. Moreover, the proliferation and migration of CCRCC cells inhibited by DUSP4 silencing were also recovered by suppression of autophagy with 3-MA. In conclusion, DUSP4 serves as an oncogenic gene in CCRCC carcinogenesis due to its inhibitory effect on autophagic death, indicating the potential value of DUSP4 in the diagnosis and treatment of CCRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyou Zeng
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Jian, Jiangxi, China
| | - Changyan Zhu
- Department of Urology, 900th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xianxin Zhu
- Department of Urology, Ganzhou people's Hospital, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
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30
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Dieters-Castator D, Dantonio PM, Piaseczny M, Zhang G, Liu J, Kuljanin M, Sherman S, Jewer M, Quesnel K, Kang EY, Köbel M, Siegers GM, Leask A, Hess D, Lajoie G, Postovit LM. Embryonic protein NODAL regulates the breast tumor microenvironment by reprogramming cancer-derived secretomes. Neoplasia 2021; 23:375-390. [PMID: 33784590 PMCID: PMC8041663 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2021.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is an important mediator of breast cancer progression. Cancer-associated fibroblasts constitute a major component of the TME and may originate from tissue-associated fibroblasts or infiltrating mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). The mechanisms by which cancer cells activate fibroblasts and recruit MSCs to the TME are largely unknown, but likely include deposition of a pro-tumorigenic secretome. The secreted embryonic protein NODAL is clinically associated with breast cancer stage and promotes tumor growth, metastasis, and vascularization. Herein, we show that NODAL expression correlates with the presence of activated fibroblasts in human triple-negative breast cancers and that it directly induces Cancer-associated fibroblasts phenotypes. We further show that NODAL reprograms cancer cell secretomes by simultaneously altering levels of chemokines (e.g., CXCL1), cytokines (e.g., IL-6) and growth factors (e.g., PDGFRA), leading to alterations in MSC chemotaxis. We therefore demonstrate a hitherto unappreciated mechanism underlying the dynamic regulation of the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paola M Dantonio
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Matt Piaseczny
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Guihua Zhang
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jiahui Liu
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Miljan Kuljanin
- Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen Sherman
- Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Jewer
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Katherine Quesnel
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Eun Young Kang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Martin Köbel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | - Andrew Leask
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - David Hess
- Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Gilles Lajoie
- Department of Biochemistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Lynne-Marie Postovit
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada; Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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31
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Hu N, Tian Y, Song Y, Zang L. miR‑122‑5p suppresses the oncogenesis of PTC by inhibiting DUSP4 expression. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:368. [PMID: 33760201 PMCID: PMC7986011 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) play an important role in regulating the occurrence and development of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). miR‑122‑5p is widely considered a tumour inhibitor, which has not been fully explored in PTC. Bioinformatics analysis identified dual specificity phosphatase 4 (DUSP4), a tumour promoter gene for PTC, as a downstream target of miR‑122‑5p. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role and molecular mechanism of miR‑122‑5p in PTC oncogenesis. In this study, the expression pattern of miR‑122‑5p in PTC cancer tissues and PTC cell lines was investigated via reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR. Furthermore, the roles of miR‑122‑5p in PTC were explored using gain‑of‑function and loss‑of‑function assays. The results revealed that the expression of miR‑122‑5p was significantly lower in PTC cancer tissues, especially in cancer tissues with significant invasion or metastasis. Overexpression of miR‑122‑5p caused by miR‑122‑5p mimics inhibited the proliferation, invasion, and migration of the PTC cell line K1, while knockdown of miR‑122‑5p by miR‑122‑5p inhibitors exhibited the opposite effect. Furthermore, in vivo assays revealed that miR‑122‑5p overexpression inhibited tumour growth. In addition, miR‑122‑5p was negatively correlated with DUSP4 expression in PTC cancer tissues. miR‑122‑5p overexpression inhibited DUSP4 expression in K1 cells, while miR‑122‑5p downregulation produced the inverse effect. Specifically, a luciferase reporter assay confirmed the binding sites of miR‑122‑5p on the 3'‑UTR of DUSP4, demonstrating the targeting effect of miR‑122‑5p on DUSP4. miR‑122‑5p inhibited the oncogenesis of PTC by targeting DUSP4, revealing the potential application value of miR‑122‑5p in the diagnosis and treatment of PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Hu
- Department IV of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050005, P.R. China
| | - Yanhua Tian
- Department II of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050005, P.R. China
| | - Yanmei Song
- Department of Infection Management/Public Health, Hebei People's Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050057, P.R. China
| | - Leilei Zang
- Department V of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050005, P.R. China
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32
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He H, Du Z, Lin J, Wu W, Yu Y. DUSP4 inhibits autophagic cell death in PTC by inhibiting JNK-BCL2-Beclin1 signaling. Biochem Cell Biol 2021; 99:554-561. [PMID: 33621155 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2020-0636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dual specificity phosphatase 4 (DUSP4) is a prognostic marker and potential target of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC); however, the molecular mechanism underlying DUSP4-regulated PTC carcinogenesis is unknown. DUSP4 is a negative regulator of the autophagy promoter, JNK. This study explored the relationship between DUSP4 and JNK-mediated autophagic cell death in PTC, and the roles of DUSP4 in PTC using gain-of-function and loss-of-function assays. In addition, we further identified the significance of the JNK-BCL2-Beclin1-autophagy signaling pathway on DUSP4-regulated PTC carcinogenesis by combining knockdown of DUSP4 with a JNK-specific inhibitor (SP600125). We found that knockdown of DUSP4 promoted the phosphorylation of JNK and BCL2 in PTC cells, and enhanced the release of Beclin1 from the BCL2-Beclin1 complex. Knockdown of DUSP4 promoted autophagy and the death of PTC cells. The death and autophagy enhanced by knockdown of DUSP4 was reversed by the JNK inhibitor. We further extended the in-vitro experiments by subcutaneously injecting nude mice with K1 cells transfected with DUSP4-silencing vector. In-vivo assays showed that knockdown of DUSP4 not only inhibited tumor growth, but also promoted the phosphorylation of JNK and BCL2 and the expression of LC3II. In conclusion, DUSP4 inhibits BCL2-Beclin1-autophagy signaling by negatively regulating JNK activity, thus inhibiting PTC oncogenesis. The data from this study contribute to the prevention and cure of PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixiang He
- Department of General Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, China
| | - Zhenshuang Du
- Department of General Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, China
| | - Jianqing Lin
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, China
| | - Wenyi Wu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, China
| | - Yihuang Yu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, China
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33
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Jimenez T, Barrios A, Tucker A, Collazo J, Arias N, Fazel S, Baker M, Halim M, Huynh T, Singh R, Pervin S. DUSP9-mediated reduction of pERK1/2 supports cancer stem cell-like traits and promotes triple negative breast cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:3487-3506. [PMID: 33163285 PMCID: PMC7642669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer remains a complex disease resulting in high mortality in women. A subset of cancer stem cell (CSC)-like cells expressing aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) and SOX2/OCT4 are implicated in aggressive biology of specific subtypes of breast cancer. Targeting these populations in breast tumors remain challenging. We examined xenografts from three poorly studied triple negative (TN) breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-468, HCC70 and HCC1806) as well as HMLEHRASV12 for stem cell (SC)-specific proteins, proliferation pathways and dual-specific phosphatases (DUSPs) by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), immunoblot analysis and immunohistochemistry. We found that pERK1/2 remained suppressed in TN xenografts examined at various stages of growth, while the levels of pp38 MAPK and pAKT was upregulated. We found that DUSP was involved in the suppression of pERK1/2, which was MEK1/2 independent. Our in vitro assays, using HMLEHRASV12 xenografts as a positive control, confirmed increased phosphatase activity that specifically influenced pERK1/2 but not pp38MAPK or pJNK levels. Family members of DUSPs examined, showed increase in DUSP9 expression in TN xenografts. Increased DUSP9 expression in xenografts was consistently associated with upregulation of SC-specific proteins, ALDH1 and SOX2/OCT4. HRAS driven HMLEHRASV12 xenografts as well as mammospheres from TN breast cancer cells showed inverse relationship between pERK1/2 and increased expression of DUSP9 and CSC traits. In addition, treatment in vitro, with MEK1/2 inhibitor, PD 98059, reduced pERK1/2 levels and increased DUSP9 and SC-specific proteins. Depletion of subsets of SOX2/OCT4 by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), as well as pharmacological and genetic reduction of DUSP9 levels influenced ALDH1 and SOX2/OCT4 expression and reduced mammosphere growth in vitro as well as tumor growth in vivo. Collectively our data support the possibility that DUSP9 contributed to stem cell-like cells that could influence TN breast tumor growth. Conclusion: Our study shows that subsets of TN breast cancers with MEK1/2 independent reduced pERK1/2 levels will respond less to MEK1/2 inhibitors, thereby questioning their therapeutic efficacy. Our study also demonstrates context-dependent DUSP9-mediated reduced pERK1/2 levels could influence stem cell-like traits in TN breast tumors. Therefore, targeting DUSP9 could be an attractive target for improved clinical outcome in a subset of basal-like breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thalia Jimenez
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science1748 118 Street, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
| | - Albert Barrios
- Department of Biology, California State University Dominguez HillsLos Angeles, CA 90747, USA
| | - Alexandria Tucker
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science1748 118 Street, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
| | - Javier Collazo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science1748 118 Street, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
| | - Nataly Arias
- Department of Biology, California State University Dominguez HillsLos Angeles, CA 90747, USA
| | - Sayeda Fazel
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science1748 118 Street, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
| | - Melanie Baker
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science1748 118 Street, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
| | - Mariza Halim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science1748 118 Street, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
| | - Travis Huynh
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science1748 118 Street, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
| | - Rajan Singh
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science1748 118 Street, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Shehla Pervin
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science1748 118 Street, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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34
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Xu W, Chen B, Ke D, Chen X. DUSP4 directly deubiquitinates and stabilizes Smad4 protein, promoting proliferation and metastasis of colorectal cancer cells. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:17634-17646. [PMID: 32897241 PMCID: PMC7521518 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a common health-threatening tumor within the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this study was to test the biological role of DUSP4 in colorectal cancer cells. In our study, DUSP4 overexpression-treated HCT116 cells and DUSP4 knockdown-treated SW480 cells were selected to perform study. Quantitative real-time PCR test (qRT-PCR) and western blot were used to detect DUSP4 abundance in clinical tissues and six cell lines, as well as ubiquitin-related Smad4 degradation. Western blot, migration and invasion. were used to assess the relationships between DUSP4 and Smad4. Higher DUSP4 expression of functional significance was observed in colorectal cancer tissues and cells. The results showed that both treatments could affect the proliferation, colony formation, migration, invasion of tumor cells, and the expression of epithelial mesenchymal transformation (EMT)-associated biomarkers. Moreover, in colorectal cancer cells, DUSP4 could promote the Smad4 degradation by regulating ubiquitin-related Smad4 degradation, and promote the cell proliferation, migration and invasion by regulating Smad4 degradation via Smad4 gene. Meanwhile, DUSP4 can directly deubiquitinate and stabilize Smad4 protein, hence further promote proliferation and metastasis of colorectal cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450008, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Beibei Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450008, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Dianshan Ke
- Department of Cell Biology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaobing Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450008, Henan, P.R. China
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35
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Smith JS, Lappin KM, Craig SG, Liberante FG, Crean CM, McDade SS, Thompson A, Mills KI, Savage KI. Chronic loss of STAG2 leads to altered chromatin structure contributing to de-regulated transcription in AML. J Transl Med 2020; 18:339. [PMID: 32883299 PMCID: PMC7469420 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02500-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The cohesin complex plays a major role in folding the human genome into 3D structural domains. Mutations in members of the cohesin complex are known early drivers of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), with STAG2 the most frequently mutated complex member. Methods Here we use functional genomics (RNA-seq, ChIP-seq and HiChIP) to investigate the impact of chronic STAG2 loss on three-dimensional genome structure and transcriptional programming in a clinically relevant model of chronic STAG2 loss. Results The chronic loss of STAG2 led to loss of smaller loop domains and the maintenance/formation of large domains that, in turn, led to altered genome compartmentalisation. These changes in genome structure resulted in altered gene expression, including deregulation of the HOXA locus and the MAPK signalling pathway, resulting in increased sensitivity to MEK inhibition. Conclusions The altered genomic architecture driven by the chronic loss of STAG2 results in altered gene expression that may contribute to leukaemogenesis and may be therapeutically targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- James S Smith
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Katrina M Lappin
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Stephanie G Craig
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Fabio G Liberante
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland, UK.,Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Clare M Crean
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Simon S McDade
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Alexander Thompson
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland, UK.,Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering & Modelling (STEM), University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Ken I Mills
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - Kienan I Savage
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland, UK.
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36
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Franklin DA, Sharick JT, Ericsson-Gonzalez PI, Sanchez V, Dean PT, Opalenik SR, Cairo S, Judde JG, Lewis MT, Chang JC, Sanders ME, Cook RS, Skala MC, Bordeaux J, Orozco Bender J, Vaupel C, Geiss G, Hinerfeld D, Balko JM. MEK activation modulates glycolysis and supports suppressive myeloid cells in TNBC. JCI Insight 2020; 5:134290. [PMID: 32634121 PMCID: PMC7455066 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.134290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) are heterogeneous and aggressive, with high mortality rates. TNBCs frequently respond to chemotherapy, yet many patients develop chemoresistance. The molecular basis and roles for tumor cell-stromal crosstalk in establishing chemoresistance are complex and largely unclear. Here we report molecular studies of paired TNBC patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) established before and after the development of chemoresistance. Interestingly, the chemoresistant model acquired a distinct KRASQ61R mutation that activates K-Ras. The chemoresistant KRAS-mutant model showed gene expression and proteomic changes indicative of altered tumor cell metabolism. Specifically, KRAS-mutant PDXs exhibited increased redox ratios and decreased activation of AMPK, a protein involved in responding to metabolic homeostasis. Additionally, the chemoresistant model exhibited increased immunosuppression, including expression of CXCL1 and CXCL2, cytokines responsible for recruiting immunosuppressive leukocytes to tumors. Notably, chemoresistant KRAS-mutant tumors harbored increased numbers of granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (gMDSCs). Interestingly, previously established Ras/MAPK-associated gene expression signatures correlated with myeloid/neutrophil-recruiting CXCL1/2 expression and negatively with T cell-recruiting chemokines (CXCL9/10/11) across patients with TNBC, even in the absence of KRAS mutations. MEK inhibition induced tumor suppression in mice while reversing metabolic and immunosuppressive phenotypes, including chemokine production and gMDSC tumor recruitment in the chemoresistant KRAS-mutant tumors. These results suggest that Ras/MAPK pathway inhibitors may be effective in some breast cancer patients to reverse Ras/MAPK-driven tumor metabolism and immunosuppression, particularly in the setting of chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek A Franklin
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Joe T Sharick
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Morgridge Institute for Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Violeta Sanchez
- Breast Cancer Research Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Phillip T Dean
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Susan R Opalenik
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jenny C Chang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Melinda E Sanders
- Breast Cancer Research Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology and
| | - Rebecca S Cook
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville Tennessee, USA
| | - Melissa C Skala
- Morgridge Institute for Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | | | | | - Gary Geiss
- NanoString Technologies, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Justin M Balko
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Breast Cancer Research Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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37
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Scotto L, Kinahan C, Casadei B, Mangone M, Douglass E, Murty VV, Marchi E, Ma H, George C, Montanari F, Califano A, O'Connor OA. Generation of pralatrexate resistant T-cell lymphoma lines reveals two patterns of acquired drug resistance that is overcome with epigenetic modifiers. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2020; 59:639-651. [PMID: 32614991 PMCID: PMC7540375 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
While pralatrexate (PDX) has been successfully developed for the treatment of T-cell lymphoma, the mechanistic basis for its T-cell selectivity and acquired resistance remains elusive. In an effort to potentially identify synergistic combinations that might circumnavigate or delay acquired PDX resistance, we generated resistant cells lines over a broad concentration range. PDX-resistant cell lines H9-12 and H9-200 were developed, each exhibiting an IC50 of 35 and over 1000 nM, respectively. These lines were established in vitro from parental H9 cells. Expression analysis of the proteins known to be important determinants of antifolate pharmacology revealed increase expression of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) due to gene amplification, and reduced folate carrier1 downregulation, as the putative mechanisms of resistance in H9-12 and H9-200 cells. Cross resistance was only seen with methotrexate but not with romidepsin, azacitidine (AZA), decitabine, gemcitabine, doxorubicin, or bortezomib. Resistance to PDX was reversed by pretreatment with hypomethylating agents in a concentration-dependent fashion. Comparison of gene expression profiles of parental and resistant cell lines confirmed markedly different patterns of gene expression, and identified the dual specificity phosphatase four (DUSP4) as one of the molecular target of PDX activity. Reduced STAT5 phosphorylation following exposure to PDX was observed in the H9 but not in the H9-12 and H9-200 cells. These data suggest that combination with hypomethylating agents could be potent, and that DUSP4 and STAT5 could represent putative biomarkers of PDX activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Scotto
- Center for Lymphoid Malignancies, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.,Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Cristina Kinahan
- Center for Lymphoid Malignancies, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.,Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Beatrice Casadei
- Center for Lymphoid Malignancies, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.,Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michael Mangone
- Center for Lymphoid Malignancies, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.,Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Eugene Douglass
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Vundavalli V Murty
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Enrica Marchi
- Center for Lymphoid Malignancies, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.,Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Helen Ma
- Center for Lymphoid Malignancies, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.,Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Changchun George
- Center for Lymphoid Malignancies, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.,Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Francesca Montanari
- Center for Lymphoid Malignancies, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.,Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Andrea Califano
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Owen A O'Connor
- Center for Lymphoid Malignancies, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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38
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Resistance to Neoadjuvant Treatment in Breast Cancer: Clinicopathological and Molecular Predictors. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082012. [PMID: 32708049 PMCID: PMC7463925 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy (NAC) in Breast Cancer (BC) has proved useful for the reduction in tumor burden prior to surgery, allowing for a more extensive breast preservation and the eradication of subjacent micrometastases. However, the impact on prognosis is highly dependent on the establishment of Pathological Complete Response (pCR), in particular for Triple Negative (TN) and Hormonal Receptor negative/Human Epidermal growth factor Receptor 2 positive (HR-/HER2+) subtypes. Several pCR predictors, such as PAM50, Integrative Cluster (IntClust), mutations in PI3KCA, or the Trastuzumab Risk model (TRAR), are useful molecular tools for estimating response to treatment and are prognostic. Major evolution events during BC NAC that feature the Residual Disease (RD) are the loss of HR and HER2, which are prognostic of bad outcome, and stemness and immune depletion-related gene expression aberrations. This dynamic nature of the determinants of response to BC NAC, together with the extensive heterogeneity of BC, raises the need to discern the individual and subtype-specific determinants of resistance. Moreover, refining the current approaches for a comprehensive monitoring of tumor evolution during treatment, RD, and eventual recurrences is essential for identifying new actionable alterations and the integral best management of the disease.
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Zhao L, Qiu T, Jiang D, Xu H, Zou L, Yang Q, Chen C, Jiao B. SGCE Promotes Breast Cancer Stem Cells by Stabilizing EGFR. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:1903700. [PMID: 32714745 PMCID: PMC7375232 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201903700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are responsible for resistance to chemotherapy, high degree of metastasis, and poor prognosis, especially in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). The CD24lowCD44high and high aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) cell subpopulation (CD24lowCD44high ALDH1+) exhibit very high tumor initiating capacity. In the current study, the upregulated genes are analyzed in both CD24lowCD44high and ALDH1+ cell populations at single-cell resolution, and a highly expressed membrane protein, SGCE, is identified in both BCSC populations. Further results show that SGCE depletion reduces BCSC self-renewal, chemoresistance, and metastasis both in vitro and in vivo, partially through affecting the accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM). For the underlying mechanism, SGCE functions as a sponge molecule for the interaction between epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and its E3 ubiquitination ligase (c-Cbl), and thus inhibits EGFR lysosomal degradation to stabilize the EGFR protein. SGCE knockdown promotes sensitivity to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), providing new clues for deciphering the current failure of targeting EGFR in clinical trials and highlighting a novel candidate for BCSC stemness regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and EvolutionKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan650223China
- Kunming College of Life ScienceUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan650223China
| | - Ting Qiu
- Kunming College of Life ScienceUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan650223China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan ProvinceKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan650223China
| | - Dewei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan ProvinceKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan650223China
| | - Haibo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and EvolutionKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan650223China
- Kunming College of Life ScienceUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan650223China
| | - Li Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and EvolutionKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan650223China
| | - Qin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and EvolutionKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan650223China
| | - Ceshi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan ProvinceKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan650223China
- KIZ‐CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common DiseasesKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan650223China
| | - Baowei Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and EvolutionKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan650223China
- KIZ‐CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common DiseasesKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan650223China
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and GeneticsChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan650223China
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40
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Mei XL, Wei FL, Jia LL, Ji YZ. An alternative pathway for cellular protection in BRAF inhibitor resistance in aggressive melanoma type skin cancer. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 323:109061. [PMID: 32194039 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Oncogenic alterations in the BRAF gene are identified in an estimate of 50% of melanomas and cause melanoma development. BRAF kinase inhibitors (BRAFi), including vemurafenib and dabrafenib, were discovered and used in the clinical treatment of BRAF-mutant metastatic melanoma. Though, BRAFi's therapeutic advantages are short term and short-lived associated with drug resistance. Although a few pathways of developed BRAFi resistance have also been established, in approximately 40% of melanomas, the cause for inherited resistance remains unclear. Recognizing a new process of developed BRAFi resistance might provide new possibilities to successfully treat BRAF mutant melanoma. In this study, we are exploring the compensatory alternative pathway followed by BRAFi/MEKi treated resistant cell for maintaining the long-term integrity and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Lin Mei
- Department of Pathology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Fang-Li Wei
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Tai'an Medical College, Tai'an, China
| | - Li-Li Jia
- Department of dermatology, FAW General Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Yong-Zhi Ji
- Department of Dermatology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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41
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Yang Z, Liao J, Cullen KJ, Dan H. Inhibition of IKKβ/NF-κB signaling pathway to improve Dasatinib efficacy in suppression of cisplatin-resistant head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cell Death Discov 2020; 6:36. [PMID: 32435511 PMCID: PMC7229171 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-020-0270-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src plays an important role in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC). However, the FDA-approved SRC inhibitor Dasatinib shows very limited efficacy in HNSCC clinical trials, even though Dasatinib can completely inhibit SRC in the laboratory setting. These results suggest that SRC inhibition can cause compensatory up-regulation and/or activation of other survival pathways, which suggests that co-targeting of SRC and the potential signaling pathways may improve the Dasatinib efficacy. In this study, we investigated the role of IKKβ/NF-κB in regulation of the sensitivity of cisplatin-resistant HNSCC to Dasatinib. Additionally, we wished to determine whether inhibition of the IKKβ/NF-κB signaling pathway could enhance Dasatinib efficacy to inhibit cisplatin-resistant HNSCC without the use of cisplatin. Previous studies have shown that ETS-1 is a crucial SRC effector protein that regulates cancer cell proliferation, anti-apoptosis, and metastasis. We found that SRC kinase inhibition by Dasatinib decreased ETS-1 expression but caused elevation of IKKβ/NF-κB signaling in multiple cisplatin-resistant HNSCC. Interestingly, inhibition of IKKβ/NF-κB by CmpdA (Bay65-1942), a recently identified IKKβ inhibitor, also led to a decrease in ETS-1 levels. Moreover, the knockdown of IKK, but not NF-κB, dramatically decreased ETS-1 expression. In addition, IKKβ and ETS-1 interacted in cisplatin-resistant HNSCC. These data demonstrated cross-talk between SRC and IKK to regulate NF-κB and ETS-1. Furthermore, we found that simultaneous inhibition of SRC and IKKβ through a Dasatinib and CmpdA combination synergistically inhibited NF-κB activation and ETS-1expression, suppressed cell proliferation, and induced apoptosis. Taken together, our data indicate that SRC and IKKβ play crucial roles in cisplatin-resistant HNSCCC and co-targeting SRC and IKKβ could be an effective strategy to treat cisplatin-resistant HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zejia Yang
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Jipei Liao
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Kevin J. Cullen
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Hancai Dan
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
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42
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Kong D, Hughes CJ, Ford HL. Cellular Plasticity in Breast Cancer Progression and Therapy. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:72. [PMID: 32391382 PMCID: PMC7194153 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
With the exception of non-melanoma skin cancer, breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed malignant disease among women, with the majority of mortality being attributable to metastatic disease. Thus, even with improved early screening and more targeted treatments which may enable better detection and control of early disease progression, metastatic disease remains a significant problem. While targeted therapies exist for breast cancer patients with particular subtypes of the disease (Her2+ and ER/PR+), even in these subtypes the therapies are often not efficacious once the patient's tumor metastasizes. Increases in stemness or epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in primary breast cancer cells lead to enhanced plasticity, enabling tumor progression, therapeutic resistance, and distant metastatic spread. Numerous signaling pathways, including MAPK, PI3K, STAT3, Wnt, Hedgehog, and Notch, amongst others, play a critical role in maintaining cell plasticity in breast cancer. Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate breast cancer cell plasticity is essential for understanding the biology of breast cancer progression and for developing novel and more effective therapeutic strategies for targeting metastatic disease. In this review we summarize relevant literature on mechanisms associated with breast cancer plasticity, tumor progression, and drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deguang Kong
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Connor J. Hughes
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- Pharmacology Graduate Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Heide L. Ford
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- Pharmacology Graduate Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
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43
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Chang YC, Yang YF, Chiou J, Tsai HF, Fang CY, Yang CJ, Chen CL, Hsiao M. Nonenzymatic function of Aldolase A downregulates miR-145 to promote the Oct4/DUSP4/TRAF4 axis and the acquisition of lung cancer stemness. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:195. [PMID: 32188842 PMCID: PMC7080828 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2387-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Drug resistance remains a serious issue of clinical importance and is a consequence of cancer stemness. In this study, we showed that the level of Aldolase A (ALDOA) expression is significantly associated with the IC50 value of chemotherapy drugs in lung cancer. Our data revealed that ALDOA overexpression resulted in a significant increase of lung tumor spheres. The use of ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) resulted in the identification of POU5F1 (Oct4) as the leading transcription factor of ALDOA. We observed high expression of ALDOA, Oct4 and stemness markers in collected spheroid cells. DUSP4 and TRAF4 were confirmed as major downstream targets of the ALDOA-Oct4 axis. Knockdown of these molecules significantly decreased the stemness ability of cells. In addition, we investigated whether miR-145 targets the 3′-UTR of Oct4 and is regulated by ALDOA due to the involvement of ALDOA in glycolysis and metabolic reprogramming. Furthermore, we constructed several mutant forms of ALDOA that disrupted its enzymatic activity and showed that they still induced significant in vitro sphere formation and in vivo tumorigenicity. These results demonstrated that ALDOA-mediated spheroid formation is independent of its enzymatic activity. In the clinical component, we also showed that the combination of ALDOA and TRAF4 or DUSP4 is positively correlated with poor overall survival in a xenograft model and cancer patients through immunohistochemical analyses. The results of our study revealed novel functional roles of ALDOA in inducing cancer stemness via the inhibition of miR-145 expression and the activation of Oct4 transcription. These findings offer new therapeutic strategies for modulation of lung cancer stemness to enhance chemotherapeutic responses in lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chan Chang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fang Yang
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jean Chiou
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Fang Tsai
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yeu Fang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Jen Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Long Chen
- Department of Pathology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan. .,Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
| | - Michael Hsiao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan. .,Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
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44
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Oh SS, Lee KW, Madhi H, Jeong JW, Park S, Kim M, Lee Y, Han HT, Hwangbo C, Yoo J, Kim KD. Cordycepin Resensitizes T24R2 Cisplatin-Resistant Human Bladder Cancer Cells to Cisplatin by Inactivating Ets-1 Dependent MDR1 Transcription. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051710. [PMID: 32131547 PMCID: PMC7084876 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor cell resistance to anti-cancer drugs is a major obstacle in tumor therapy. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of cordycepin-mediated resensitization to cisplatin in T24R2 cells, a T24-derived cell line. Treatment with cordycepin or cisplatin (2 μg/mL) alone failed to induce cell death in T24R2 cells, but combination treatment with these drugs significantly induced apoptosis through mitochondrial pathways, including depolarization of mitochondrial membranes, decrease in anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, and Mcl-1, and increase in pro-apoptotic proteins Bak and Bax. High expression levels of MDR1 were the cause of cisplatin resistance in T24R2 cells, and cordycepin significantly reduced MDR1 expression through inhibition of MDR1 promoter activity. MDR1 promoter activity was dependent on transcription factor Ets-1 in T24R2 cells. Although correlation exists between MDR1 and Ets-1 expression in bladder cancer patients, active Ets-1, Thr38 phosphorylated form (pThr38), was critical to induce MDR1 expression. Cordycepin decreased pThr-38 Ets-1 levels and reduced MDR1 transcription, probably through its effects on PI3K signaling, inducing the resensitization of T24R2 cells to cisplatin. The results suggest that cordycepin effectively resensitizes cisplatin-resistant bladder cancer cells to cisplatin, thus serving as a potential strategy for treatment of cancer in patients with resistance to anti-cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Seok Oh
- Gene & Cell Therapy Team, Division of Drug Development & Optimization, New Drug Development Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, Osongsaengmyung-ro 123, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk 28160, Korea;
| | - Ki Won Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (K.W.L.); (S.P.); (M.K.); (Y.L.); (C.H.); (J.Y.)
| | - Hamadi Madhi
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (K.W.L.); (S.P.); (M.K.); (Y.L.); (C.H.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jin-Woo Jeong
- Freshwater Bioresources Utilization Bureau, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju 37242, Korea;
| | - Soojong Park
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (K.W.L.); (S.P.); (M.K.); (Y.L.); (C.H.); (J.Y.)
| | - Minju Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (K.W.L.); (S.P.); (M.K.); (Y.L.); (C.H.); (J.Y.)
| | - Yerin Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (K.W.L.); (S.P.); (M.K.); (Y.L.); (C.H.); (J.Y.)
| | - Hyun-Tak Han
- PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea;
| | - Cheol Hwangbo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (K.W.L.); (S.P.); (M.K.); (Y.L.); (C.H.); (J.Y.)
- Division of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Jiyun Yoo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (K.W.L.); (S.P.); (M.K.); (Y.L.); (C.H.); (J.Y.)
- Division of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Kwang Dong Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (K.W.L.); (S.P.); (M.K.); (Y.L.); (C.H.); (J.Y.)
- PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea;
- Division of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-55-772-1365; Fax: +82-55-772-1359
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45
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Glubb DM, Shi W, Beesley J, Fachal L, Pritchard JL, McCue K, Barnes DR, Antoniou AC, Dunning AM, Easton DF, Chenevix-Trench G. Candidate Causal Variants at the 8p12 Breast Cancer Risk Locus Regulate DUSP4. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E170. [PMID: 31936698 PMCID: PMC7016765 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have revealed a locus at 8p12 that is associated with breast cancer risk. Fine-mapping of this locus identified 16 candidate causal variants (CCVs). However, as these variants are intergenic, their function is unclear. To map chromatin looping from this risk locus to a previously identified candidate target gene, DUSP4, we performed chromatin conformation capture analyses in normal and tumoural breast cell lines. We identified putative regulatory elements, containing CCVs, which looped to the DUSP4 promoter region. Using reporter gene assays, we found that the risk allele of CCV rs7461885 reduced the activity of a DUSP4 enhancer element, consistent with the function of DUSP4 as a tumour suppressor gene. Furthermore, the risk allele of CCV rs12155535, located in another DUSP4 enhancer element, was negatively correlated with looping of this element to the DUSP4 promoter region, suggesting that this allele would be associated with reduced expression. These findings provide the first evidence that CCV risk alleles downregulate DUSP4 expression, suggesting that this gene is a regulatory target of the 8p12 breast cancer risk locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan M. Glubb
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane QLD 4006, Australia; (W.S.); (J.B.); (J.-L.P.); (K.M.); (G.C.-T.)
| | - Wei Shi
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane QLD 4006, Australia; (W.S.); (J.B.); (J.-L.P.); (K.M.); (G.C.-T.)
| | - Jonathan Beesley
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane QLD 4006, Australia; (W.S.); (J.B.); (J.-L.P.); (K.M.); (G.C.-T.)
| | - Laura Fachal
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK; (L.F.); (A.M.D.); (D.F.E.)
| | - Jayne-Louise Pritchard
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane QLD 4006, Australia; (W.S.); (J.B.); (J.-L.P.); (K.M.); (G.C.-T.)
| | - Karen McCue
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane QLD 4006, Australia; (W.S.); (J.B.); (J.-L.P.); (K.M.); (G.C.-T.)
| | - Daniel R. Barnes
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK; (D.R.B.); (A.C.A.)
| | - Antonis C. Antoniou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK; (D.R.B.); (A.C.A.)
| | - Alison M. Dunning
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK; (L.F.); (A.M.D.); (D.F.E.)
| | - Douglas F. Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK; (L.F.); (A.M.D.); (D.F.E.)
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK; (D.R.B.); (A.C.A.)
| | - Georgia Chenevix-Trench
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane QLD 4006, Australia; (W.S.); (J.B.); (J.-L.P.); (K.M.); (G.C.-T.)
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46
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Waterhouse MP, Ugur R, Khaled WT. Therapeutic and Mechanistic Perspectives of Protein Complexes in Breast Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:335. [PMID: 31921847 PMCID: PMC6932950 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer affects one in eight women making it the most common cancer in the United Kingdom, accounting for 15% of all new cancer cases. One of the main challenges in treating breast cancer is the heterogeneous nature of the disease. At present, targeted therapies are available for hormone receptor- and HER2-positive tumors. However, no targeted therapies are currently available for patients with triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). This likely contributes to the poor prognostic outcome for TNBC patients. Consequently, there is a clear clinical need for the development of novel drugs that efficiently target TNBC. Extensive genomic and transcriptomic characterization of TNBC has in recent years identified a plethora of putative oncogenes. However, these driver oncogenes are often critical in other cell types and/or transcription factors making them very difficult to target directly. Therefore, other approaches may be required for developing novel therapeutics that fully exploit the specific functions of TNBC oncogenes in tumor cells. Here, we will argue that more research is needed to identify the protein-protein interactions of TNBC oncogenes as a means for (a) mechanistically understanding the biological function of these oncogenes in TNBC and (b) providing novel therapeutic targets that can be exploited for selectively inhibiting the oncogenic roles of TNBC oncogenes in cancer cells, whilst sparing normal healthy cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Walid T. Khaled
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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47
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Abstract
Oncogenic activation of RAS isoforms leads tumor initiation and progression in many types of cancers and is gaining increasing interest as target for novel therapeutic strategies. In sharp contrast with other types of cancer, the importance of RAS in breast tumorigenesis has long been undermined by the low frequency of its oncogenic mutation in human breast lesions. Nevertheless, a wealth of studies over the last years have revealed how the engagement of RAS function might be mandatory downstream varied oncogenic alterations for the progression, metastatic dissemination, and therapy resistance in breast cancers. We review herein the major studies over the last three decades which have explored the controversial role of RAS proteins and their mutation status in breast tumorigenesis and have contributed to reveal their role as supporting actors, instead of as primary cause, in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirco Galiè
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Zou Y, Lin X, Bu J, Lin Z, Chen Y, Qiu Y, Mo H, Tang Y, Fang W, Wu Z. Timeless-Stimulated miR-5188-FOXO1/β-Catenin-c-Jun Feedback Loop Promotes Stemness via Ubiquitination of β-Catenin in Breast Cancer. Mol Ther 2019; 28:313-327. [PMID: 31604679 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2019.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an essential role in the self-renewal of breast cancer stem cells (BCCs). Our study aimed to clarify the role of proto-oncogene c-Jun-regulated miR-5188 in breast cancer progression and its association with Timeless-mediated cancer stemness. In the present study, we showed that miR-5188 exerted an oncogenic effect by inducing breast cancer stemness, proliferation, metastasis, and chemoresistance in vitro and in vivo. The mechanistic analysis demonstrated that miR-5188 directly targeted FOXO1, which interacted with β-catenin in the cytoplasm, facilitated β-catenin degradation, and impaired the nuclear accumulation of β-catenin, thus stimulating the activation of known Wnt targets, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers, and key regulators of cancer stemness. Moreover, miR-5188 potentiated Wnt/β-catenin/c-Jun signaling to promote breast cancer progression. Interestingly, c-Jun enhanced miR-5188 transcription to form a positive regulatory loop, and Timeless interacted with Sp1/c-Jun to induce miR-5188 expression by promoting c-Jun-mediated transcription, which further activated miR-5188-FOXO1/β-catenin-c-Jun loop and facilitated breast cancer progression. Importantly, miR-5188 was upregulated in breast cancer and was positively correlated with poor patient prognosis. This study identifies miR-5188 as a novel oncomiR and provides a new theoretical basis for the clinical use of miR-5188 antagonists in the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiao Zou
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510310, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Xian Lin
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510310, China
| | - Junguo Bu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Zelong Lin
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510310, China
| | - Yanjuan Chen
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510310, China
| | - Yunhui Qiu
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510310, China
| | - Haiyue Mo
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510310, China
| | - Yao Tang
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510310, China
| | - Weiyi Fang
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510310, China.
| | - Ziqing Wu
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510310, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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49
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Hancock BA, Chen YH, Solzak JP, Ahmad MN, Wedge DC, Brinza D, Scafe C, Veitch J, Gottimukkala R, Short W, Atale RV, Ivan M, Badve SS, Schneider BP, Lu X, Miller KD, Radovich M. Profiling molecular regulators of recurrence in chemorefractory triple-negative breast cancers. Breast Cancer Res 2019; 21:87. [PMID: 31383035 PMCID: PMC6683504 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-019-1171-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Approximately two thirds of patients with localized triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) harbor residual disease (RD) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and have a high risk-of-recurrence. Targeted therapeutic development for TNBC is of primary significance as no targeted therapies are clinically indicated for this aggressive subset. In view of this, we conducted a comprehensive molecular analysis and correlated molecular features of chemorefractory RD tumors with recurrence for the purpose of guiding downstream therapeutic development. Methods We assembled DNA and RNA sequencing data from RD tumors as well as pre-operative biopsies, lymphocytic infiltrate, and survival data as part of a molecular correlative to a phase II post-neoadjuvant clinical trial. Matched somatic mutation, gene expression, and lymphocytic infiltrate were assessed before and after chemotherapy to understand how tumors evolve during chemotherapy. Kaplan-Meier survival analyses were conducted categorizing cancers with TP53 mutations by the degree of loss as well as by the copy number of a locus of 18q corresponding to the SMAD2, SMAD4, and SMAD7 genes. Results Analysis of matched somatic genomes pre-/post-NAC revealed chaotic acquisition of copy gains and losses including amplification of prominent oncogenes. In contrast, significant gains in deleterious point mutations and insertion/deletions were not observed. No trends between clonal evolution and recurrence were identified. Gene expression data from paired biopsies revealed enrichment of actionable regulators of stem cell-like behavior and depletion of immune signaling, which was corroborated by total lymphocytic infiltrate, but was not associated with recurrence. Novel characterization of TP53 mutation revealed prognostically relevant subgroups, which were linked to MYC-driven transcriptional amplification. Finally, somatic gains in 18q were associated with poor prognosis, likely driven by putative upregulation of TGFß signaling through the signal transducer SMAD2. Conclusions We conclude TNBCs are dynamic during chemotherapy, demonstrating complex plasticity in subclonal diversity, stem-like qualities, and immune depletion, but somatic alterations of TP53/MYC and TGFß signaling in RD samples are prominent drivers of recurrence, representing high-yield targets for additional interrogation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13058-019-1171-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley A Hancock
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, 980 W. Walnut St. Room C312, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Yu-Hsiang Chen
- Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Jeffrey P Solzak
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, 980 W. Walnut St. Room C312, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Mufti N Ahmad
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, 980 W. Walnut St. Room C312, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - David C Wedge
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Oxford, UK
| | - Dumitru Brinza
- Department of Bioinformatics, ThermoFisher Scientific, Carlsbad, CA, USA
| | - Charles Scafe
- Department of Bioinformatics, ThermoFisher Scientific, Carlsbad, CA, USA
| | - James Veitch
- Department of Bioinformatics, ThermoFisher Scientific, Carlsbad, CA, USA
| | | | - Walt Short
- Department of Bioinformatics, ThermoFisher Scientific, Carlsbad, CA, USA
| | - Rutuja V Atale
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, 980 W. Walnut St. Room C312, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Mircea Ivan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Sunil S Badve
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.,Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Bryan P Schneider
- Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.,Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Xiongbin Lu
- Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.,Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Kathy D Miller
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.,Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Milan Radovich
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, 980 W. Walnut St. Room C312, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA. .,Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA. .,Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA. .,Indiana University Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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50
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Wei Y, Dong S, Zhu Y, Zhao Y, Wu C, Zhu Y, Li K, Xu Y. DNA co-methylation analysis of lincRNAs across nine cancer types reveals novel potential epigenetic biomarkers in cancer. Epigenomics 2019; 11:1177-1190. [PMID: 31347388 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2018-0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The potential functions and prognostic value of lincRNAs with co-methylation events are explored in 9 cancer types. Materials & methods: Here, we evaluated the co-methylation events in promoter and gene-body regions between two lincRNAs across 9 cancer types by constructing a systematic biological framework. Results: The co-methylation events in both promoter and gene-body regions tended to be highly cancer specific. Patient samples could be separated by tumor and normal types according to the eigengenes of universal co-methylation clusters. Functional enrichment results revealed the lincRNAs that brought promoter and gene-body co-methylation events that affected cancer progress through participating in different pathways and could serve as potential prognostic biomarkers. Conclusion: The study provides new insight into the epigenetic regulation in cancer and leads to a potential new direction for epigenetic biomarker discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunzhen Wei
- College of Bioinformatics Science & Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China.,School of Life Science, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Siyao Dong
- College of Bioinformatics Science & Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China
| | - Yanjiao Zhu
- College of Bioinformatics Science & Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China
| | - Yichuan Zhao
- College of Bioinformatics Science & Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China
| | - Cheng Wu
- College of Bioinformatics Science & Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China
| | - Yinling Zhu
- College of Bioinformatics Science & Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China
| | - Kun Li
- College of Bioinformatics Science & Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China
| | - Yan Xu
- College of Bioinformatics Science & Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China
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