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Larimer BM. PET Imaging for Monitoring Cellular and Immunotherapy of Cancer. Cancer J 2024; 30:153-158. [PMID: 38753749 PMCID: PMC11101150 DOI: 10.1097/ppo.0000000000000722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Cancer immunotherapy, including checkpoint blockade and cellular therapy, has become a cornerstone in cancer treatment. However, understanding the factors driving patient response or resistance to these therapies remains challenging. The dynamic interplay between the immune system and tumors requires new approaches for characterization. Biopsies and blood tests provide valuable information, but their limitations have led to increased interest in positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography imaging to complement these strategies. The noninvasive nature of PET imaging makes it ideal for monitoring the dynamic tumor immune microenvironment. This review discusses various PET imaging approaches, including immune cell lineage markers, immune functional markers, immune cell metabolism, direct cell labeling, and reporter genes, highlighting their potential in targeted immunotherapies and cell-based approaches. Although PET imaging has limitations, its integration into diagnostic strategies holds promise for improving patient outcomes and accelerating drug development in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M. Larimer
- Department of Radiology. The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center. The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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2
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Gallegos CA, Lu Y, Clements JC, Song PN, Lynch SE, Mascioni A, Jia F, Hartman YE, Massicano AVF, Houson HA, Lapi SE, Warram JM, Markert JM, Sorace AG. [ 89Zr]-CD8 ImmunoPET imaging of glioblastoma multiforme response to combination oncolytic viral and checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy reveals CD8 infiltration differential changes in preclinical models. Theranostics 2024; 14:911-923. [PMID: 38250045 PMCID: PMC10797292 DOI: 10.7150/thno.89206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Novel immune-activating therapeutics for the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) have shown potential for tumor regression and increased survival over standard therapies. However, immunotherapy efficacy remains inconsistent with response assessment being complicated by early treatment-induced apparent radiological tumor progression and slow downstream effects. This inability to determine early immunotherapeutic benefit results in a drastically decreased window for alternative, and potentially more effective, treatment options. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of combination immunotherapy on early CD8+ cell infiltration and its association with long term response in orthotopic syngeneic glioblastoma models. Methods: Luciferase positive GBM orthotopic mouse models (GSC005-luc) were imaged via [89Zr]-CD8 positron emission tomography (PET) one week following treatment with saline, anti-PD1, M002 oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSV) or combination immunotherapy. Subsequently, brains were excised, imaged via [89Zr]-CD8 ImmunoPET and evaluated though autoradiography and histology for H&E and CD8 immunohistochemistry. Longitudinal immunotherapeutic effects were evaluated through [89Zr]-CD8 PET imaging one- and three-weeks following treatment, with changes in tumor volume monitored on a three-day basis via bioluminescence imaging (BLI). Response classification was then performed based on long-term BLI signal changes. Statistical analysis was performed between groups using one-way ANOVA and two-sided unpaired T-test, with p < 0.05 considered significant. Correlations between imaging and biological validation were assessed via Pearson's correlation test. Results: [89Zr]-CD8 PET standardized uptake value (SUV) quantification was correlated with ex vivo SUV quantification (r = 0.61, p < 0.01), autoradiography (r = 0.46, p < 0.01), and IHC tumor CD8+ cell density (r = 0.55, p < 0.01). Classification of therapeutic responders, via bioluminescence signal, revealed a more homogeneous CD8+ immune cell distribution in responders (p < 0.05) one-week following immunotherapy. Conclusions: Assessment of early CD8+ cell infiltration and distribution in the tumor microenvironment provides potential imaging metrics for the characterization of oHSV and checkpoint blockade immunotherapy response in GBM. The combination therapies showed enhanced efficacy compared to single agent immunotherapies. Further development of immune-focused imaging methods can provide clinically relevant metrics associated with immune cell localization that can inform immunotherapeutic efficacy and subsequent treatment response in GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A. Gallegos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Yun Lu
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Graduate Biomedical Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jennifer C. Clements
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Patrick N. Song
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Graduate Biomedical Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Shannon E. Lynch
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Graduate Biomedical Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Fang Jia
- Imaginab, Inc, Inglewood, CA, USA
| | - Yolanda E. Hartman
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Hailey A. Houson
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Suzanne E. Lapi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jason M. Warram
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - James M. Markert
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Anna G. Sorace
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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3
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Li X, Chen G, Wu K, Zheng H, Tian Z, Xu Z, Zhao W, Weng J, Min Y. Imaging and monitoring of granzyme B in the immune response. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2024; 16:e1928. [PMID: 37715320 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Significant progress has been made in tumor immunotherapy that uses the human immune response to kill and remove tumor cells. However, overreactive immune response could lead to various autoimmune diseases and acute rejection. Accurate and specific monitoring of immune responses in these processes could help select appropriate therapies and regimens for the patient and could reduce the risk of side effects. Granzyme B (GzmB) is an ideal biomarker for immune response, and its peptide substrate could be coupled with fluorescent dyes or contrast agents for the synthesis of imaging probes activated by GzmB. These small molecules and nanoprobes based on PET, bioluminescence imaging, or fluorescence imaging have proved to be highly GzmB specific and accuracy. This review summarizes the design of different GzmB-responsive imaging probes and their applications in monitoring of tumor immunotherapy and overreactive immune response. This article is categorized under: Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxia Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Guiyuan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Kecheng Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Haocheng Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zuotong Tian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ze Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Weidong Zhao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jianping Weng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yuanzeng Min
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
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4
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Xu M, Ma X, Pigga JE, Zhang H, Wang S, Zhao W, Deng H, Wu AM, Liu R, Wu Z, Fox JM, Li Z. Development of 18F-Labeled hydrophilic trans-cyclooctene as a bioorthogonal tool for PET probe construction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:14387-14390. [PMID: 37877355 PMCID: PMC10785124 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04212j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
We report the development of a hydrophilic 18F-labeled a-TCO derivative [18F]3 (log P = 0.28) through a readily available precursor and a single-step radiofluorination reaction (RCY up to 52%). We demonstrated that [18F]3 can be used to construct not only multiple small molecule/peptide-based PET agents, but protein/diabody-based imaging probes in parallel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muyun Xu
- Department of Radiology, Biomedical Research Imaging Center, and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA.
| | - Xinrui Ma
- Department of Radiology, Biomedical Research Imaging Center, and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA.
| | - Jessica E Pigga
- Department of Chemistry, the University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, 19716, USA.
| | - He Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Biomedical Research Imaging Center, and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA.
| | - Shuli Wang
- Department of Radiology, Biomedical Research Imaging Center, and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA.
| | - Weiling Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Biomedical Research Imaging Center, and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA.
| | - Huaifu Deng
- Department of Radiology, Biomedical Research Imaging Center, and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA.
| | - Anna M Wu
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California, 91010, USA
| | - Rihe Liu
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Zhanhong Wu
- Department of Radiology, Biomedical Research Imaging Center, and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA.
| | - Joseph M Fox
- Department of Chemistry, the University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, 19716, USA.
| | - Zibo Li
- Department of Radiology, Biomedical Research Imaging Center, and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA.
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5
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Li H, Lin WP, Zhang ZN, Sun ZJ. Tailoring biomaterials for monitoring and evoking tertiary lymphoid structures. Acta Biomater 2023; 172:1-15. [PMID: 37739247 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Despite the remarkable clinical success of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) in the treatment of cancer, the response rate to ICB therapy remains suboptimal. Recent studies have strongly demonstrated that intratumoral tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) are associated with a good prognosis and a successful clinical response to immunotherapy. However, there is still a shortage of efficient and wieldy approaches to image and induce intratumoral TLSs in vivo. Biomaterials have made great strides in overcoming the deficiencies of conventional diagnosis and therapies for cancer, and antitumor therapy has also benefited from biomaterial-based drug delivery models. In this review, we summarize the reported methods for TLS imaging and induction based on biomaterials and provide potential strategies that can further enhance the effectiveness of imaging and stimulating intratumoral TLSs to predict and promote the response rates of ICB therapies for patients. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: In this review, we focused on the promising of biomaterials for imaging and induction of TLSs. We reviewed the applications of biomaterials in molecular imaging and immunotherapy, identified the biomaterials that may be suitable for TLS imaging and induction, and provided outlooks for further research. Accurate imaging and effective induction of TLSs are of great significance for understanding the mechanism and clinical application. We highlighted the need for multidisciplinary coordination and cooperation in this field, and proposed the possible future direction of noninvasive imaging and artificial induction of TLSs based on biomaterials. We believe that it can facilitate collaboration and galvanize a broader effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, PR China; Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Wen-Ping Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Zhong-Ni Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Zhi-Jun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, PR China; Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, PR China.
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6
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Kim M, Panagiotakopoulou M, Chen C, Ruiz SB, Ganesh K, Tammela T, Heller DA. Micro-engineering and nano-engineering approaches to investigate tumour ecosystems. Nat Rev Cancer 2023; 23:581-599. [PMID: 37353679 PMCID: PMC10528361 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-023-00593-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
The interactions among tumour cells, the tumour microenvironment (TME) and non-tumour tissues are of interest to many cancer researchers. Micro-engineering approaches and nanotechnologies are under extensive exploration for modelling these interactions and measuring them in situ and in vivo to investigate therapeutic vulnerabilities in cancer and extend a systemic view of tumour ecosystems. Here we highlight the greatest opportunities for improving the understanding of tumour ecosystems using microfluidic devices, bioprinting or organ-on-a-chip approaches. We also discuss the potential of nanosensors that can transmit information from within the TME or elsewhere in the body to address scientific and clinical questions about changes in chemical gradients, enzymatic activities, metabolic and immune profiles of the TME and circulating analytes. This Review aims to connect the cancer biology and engineering communities, presenting biomedical technologies that may expand the methodologies of the former, while inspiring the latter to develop approaches for interrogating cancer ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mijin Kim
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Chen Chen
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephen B Ruiz
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Karuna Ganesh
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tuomas Tammela
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel A Heller
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA.
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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7
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Ren F, Wang F, Baghdasaryan A, Li Y, Liu H, Hsu R, Wang C, Li J, Zhong Y, Salazar F, Xu C, Jiang Y, Ma Z, Zhu G, Zhao X, Wong KK, Willis R, Christopher Garcia K, Wu A, Mellins E, Dai H. Shortwave-infrared-light-emitting probes for the in vivo tracking of cancer vaccines and the elicited immune responses. Nat Biomed Eng 2023:10.1038/s41551-023-01083-5. [PMID: 37620621 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-023-01083-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Tracking and imaging immune cells in vivo non-invasively would offer insights into the immune responses induced by vaccination. Here we report a cancer vaccine consisting of polymer-coated NaErF4/NaYF4 core-shell down-conversion nanoparticles emitting luminescence in the near-infrared spectral window IIb (1,500-1,700 nm in wavelength) and with surface-conjugated antigen (ovalbumin) and electrostatically complexed adjuvant (class-B cytosine-phosphate-guanine). Whole-body wide-field imaging of the subcutaneously injected vaccine in tumour-bearing mice revealed rapid migration of the nanoparticles to lymph nodes through lymphatic vessels, with two doses of the vaccine leading to the complete eradication of pre-existing tumours and to the prophylactic inhibition of tumour growth. The abundance of antigen-specific CD8+ T lymphocytes in the tumour microenvironment correlated with vaccine efficacy, as we show via continuous-wave imaging and lifetime imaging of two intravenously injected near-infrared-emitting probes (CD8+-T-cell-targeted NaYbF4/NaYF4 nanoparticles and H-2Kb/ovalbumin257-264 tetramer/PbS/CdS quantum dots) excited at different wavelengths, and by volumetrically visualizing the three nanoparticles via light-sheet microscopy with structured illumination. Nanoparticle-based vaccines and imaging probes emitting infrared light may facilitate the design and optimization of immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuqiang Ren
- Department of Chemistry and Bio-X, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Feifei Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Bio-X, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ani Baghdasaryan
- Department of Chemistry and Bio-X, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Human Gene Therapy, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Haoran Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Bio-X, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - RuSiou Hsu
- Department of Chemistry and Bio-X, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Chuchu Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jiachen Li
- Department of Chemistry and Bio-X, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yeteng Zhong
- Department of Chemistry and Bio-X, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Felix Salazar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope, CA, USA
| | - Chun Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Bio-X, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yingying Jiang
- Department of Chemistry and Bio-X, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Zhuoran Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Bio-X, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Guanzhou Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Bio-X, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Xiang Zhao
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Physiology and Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kerry Kaili Wong
- Department of Pediatrics, Human Gene Therapy, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Richard Willis
- NIH Tetramer Facility at Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - K Christopher Garcia
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Physiology and Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Anna Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Mellins
- Department of Pediatrics, Human Gene Therapy, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hongjie Dai
- Department of Chemistry and Bio-X, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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8
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Pratt EC, Lopez-Montes A, Volpe A, Crowley MJ, Carter LM, Mittal V, Pillarsetty N, Ponomarev V, Udías JM, Grimm J, Herraiz JL. Simultaneous quantitative imaging of two PET radiotracers via the detection of positron-electron annihilation and prompt gamma emissions. Nat Biomed Eng 2023; 7:1028-1039. [PMID: 37400715 PMCID: PMC10810307 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-023-01060-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
In conventional positron emission tomography (PET), only one radiotracer can be imaged at a time, because all PET isotopes produce the same two 511 keV annihilation photons. Here we describe an image reconstruction method for the simultaneous in vivo imaging of two PET tracers and thereby the independent quantification of two molecular signals. This method of multiplexed PET imaging leverages the 350-700 keV range to maximize the capture of 511 keV annihilation photons and prompt γ-ray emission in the same energy window, hence eliminating the need for energy discrimination during reconstruction or for signal separation beforehand. We used multiplexed PET to track, in mice with subcutaneous tumours, the biodistributions of intravenously injected [124I]I-trametinib and 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose, [124I]I-trametinib and its nanoparticle carrier [89Zr]Zr-ferumoxytol, and the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) and infused PSMA-targeted chimaeric antigen receptor T cells after the systemic administration of [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 and [124I]I. Multiplexed PET provides more information depth, gives new uses to prompt γ-ray-emitting isotopes, reduces radiation burden by omitting the need for an additional computed-tomography scan and can be implemented on preclinical and clinical systems without any modifications in hardware or image acquisition software.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin C Pratt
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Graduate School, New York, NY, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alejandro Lopez-Montes
- Nuclear Physics Group, EMFTEL and IPARCOS, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alessia Volpe
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael J Crowley
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Graduate School, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lukas M Carter
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vivek Mittal
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Graduate School, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
- Neuberger Berman Lung Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
| | | | - Vladimir Ponomarev
- Molecular Pharmacology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jose M Udías
- Nuclear Physics Group, EMFTEL and IPARCOS, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jan Grimm
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Graduate School, New York, NY, USA.
- Molecular Pharmacology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Joaquin L Herraiz
- Nuclear Physics Group, EMFTEL and IPARCOS, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain.
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9
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Kheyrolahzadeh K, Tohidkia MR, Tarighatnia A, Shahabi P, Nader ND, Aghanejad A. Theranostic chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells: Insight into recent trends and challenges in solid tumors. Life Sci 2023; 328:121917. [PMID: 37422069 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Cell therapy has reached significant milestones in various life-threatening diseases, including cancer. Cell therapy using fluorescent and radiolabeled chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell is a successful strategy for diagnosing or treating malignancies. Since cell therapy approaches have different results in cancers, the success of hematological cancers has yet to transfer to solid tumor therapy, leading to more casualties. Therefore, there are many areas for improvement in the cell therapy platform. Understanding the therapeutic barriers associated with solid cancers through cell tracking and molecular imaging may provide a platform for effectively delivering CAR-T cells into solid tumors. This review describes CAR-T cells' role in treating solid and non-solid tumors and recent advances. Furthermore, we discuss the main obstacles, mechanism of action, novel strategies and solutions to overcome the challenges from molecular imaging and cell tracking perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyvan Kheyrolahzadeh
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imam Reza General Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Tohidkia
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Tarighatnia
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parviz Shahabi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nader D Nader
- Department of Anesthesiology, University at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, United States of America
| | - Ayuob Aghanejad
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imam Reza General Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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10
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Mulgaonkar A, Udayakumar D, Yang Y, Harris S, Öz OK, Ramakrishnan Geethakumari P, Sun X. Current and potential roles of immuno-PET/-SPECT in CAR T-cell therapy. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1199146. [PMID: 37441689 PMCID: PMC10333708 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1199146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies have evolved as breakthrough treatment options for the management of hematological malignancies and are also being developed as therapeutics for solid tumors. However, despite the impressive patient responses from CD19-directed CAR T-cell therapies, ~ 40%-60% of these patients' cancers eventually relapse, with variable prognosis. Such relapses may occur due to a combination of molecular resistance mechanisms, including antigen loss or mutations, T-cell exhaustion, and progression of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. This class of therapeutics is also associated with certain unique toxicities, such as cytokine release syndrome, immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome, and other "on-target, off-tumor" toxicities, as well as anaphylactic effects. Furthermore, manufacturing limitations and challenges associated with solid tumor infiltration have delayed extensive applications. The molecular imaging modalities of immunological positron emission tomography and single-photon emission computed tomography (immuno-PET/-SPECT) offer a target-specific and highly sensitive, quantitative, non-invasive platform for longitudinal detection of dynamic variations in target antigen expression in the body. Leveraging these imaging strategies as guidance tools for use with CAR T-cell therapies may enable the timely identification of resistance mechanisms and/or toxic events when they occur, permitting effective therapeutic interventions. In addition, the utilization of these approaches in tracking the CAR T-cell pharmacokinetics during product development and optimization may help to assess their efficacy and accordingly to predict treatment outcomes. In this review, we focus on current challenges and potential opportunities in the application of immuno-PET/-SPECT imaging strategies to address the challenges encountered with CAR T-cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Mulgaonkar
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Durga Udayakumar
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Yaxing Yang
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Shelby Harris
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Orhan K. Öz
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Praveen Ramakrishnan Geethakumari
- Section of Hematologic Malignancies/Transplant and Cell Therapy, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Xiankai Sun
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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11
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Khalili N, Kazerooni AF, Familiar A, Haldar D, Kraya A, Foster J, Koptyra M, Storm PB, Resnick AC, Nabavizadeh A. Radiomics for characterization of the glioma immune microenvironment. NPJ Precis Oncol 2023; 7:59. [PMID: 37337080 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-023-00413-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that besides mutational and molecular alterations, the immune component of the tumor microenvironment also substantially impacts tumor behavior and complicates treatment response, particularly to immunotherapies. Although the standard method for characterizing tumor immune profile is through performing integrated genomic analysis on tissue biopsies, the dynamic change in the immune composition of the tumor microenvironment makes this approach not feasible, especially for brain tumors. Radiomics is a rapidly growing field that uses advanced imaging techniques and computational algorithms to extract numerous quantitative features from medical images. Recent advances in machine learning methods are facilitating biological validation of radiomic signatures and allowing them to "mine" for a variety of significant correlates, including genetic, immunologic, and histologic data. Radiomics has the potential to be used as a non-invasive approach to predict the presence and density of immune cells within the microenvironment, as well as to assess the expression of immune-related genes and pathways. This information can be essential for patient stratification, informing treatment decisions and predicting patients' response to immunotherapies. This is particularly important for tumors with difficult surgical access such as gliomas. In this review, we provide an overview of the glioma microenvironment, describe novel approaches for clustering patients based on their tumor immune profile, and discuss the latest progress on utilization of radiomics for immune profiling of glioma based on current literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastaran Khalili
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (D3b), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Anahita Fathi Kazerooni
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (D3b), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- AI2D Center for AI and Data Science for Integrated Diagnostics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ariana Familiar
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (D3b), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Debanjan Haldar
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (D3b), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Adam Kraya
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (D3b), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jessica Foster
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mateusz Koptyra
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (D3b), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Phillip B Storm
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (D3b), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Adam C Resnick
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (D3b), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ali Nabavizadeh
- Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (D3b), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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12
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Leland P, Kumar D, Nimmagadda S, Bauer SR, Puri RK, Joshi BH. Characterization of chimeric antigen receptor modified T cells expressing scFv-IL-13Rα2 after radiolabeling with 89Zirconium oxine for PET imaging. J Transl Med 2023; 21:367. [PMID: 37286997 PMCID: PMC10246418 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04142-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy is an exciting cell-based cancer immunotherapy. Unfortunately, CAR-T cell therapy is associated with serious toxicities such as cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and neurotoxicity. The mechanism of these serious adverse events (SAEs) and how homing, distribution and retention of CAR-T cells contribute to toxicities is not fully understood. Enabling in vitro methods to allow meaningful, sensitive in vivo biodistribution studies is needed to better understand CAR-T cell disposition and its relationship to both effectiveness and safety of these products. METHODS To determine if radiolabelling of CAR-T cells could support positron emission tomography (PET)-based biodistribution studies, we labeled IL-13Rα2 targeting scFv-IL-13Rα2-CAR-T cells (CAR-T cells) with 89Zirconium-oxine (89Zr-oxine) and characterized and compared their product attributes with non-labeled CAR-T cells. The 89Zr-oxine labeling conditions were optimized for incubation time, temperature, and use of serum for labeling. In addition, T cell subtype characterization and product attributes of radiolabeled CAR-T cells were studied to assess their overall quality including cell viability, proliferation, phenotype markers of T-cell activation and exhaustion, cytolytic activity and release of interferon-γ upon co-culture with IL-13Rα2 expressing glioma cells. RESULTS We observed that radiolabeling of CAR-T cells with 89Zr-oxine is quick, efficient, and radioactivity is retained in the cells for at least 8 days with minimal loss. Also, viability of radiolabeled CAR-T cells and subtypes such as CD4 + , CD8 + and scFV-IL-13Rα2 transgene positive T cell population were characterized and found similar to that of unlabeled cells as determined by TUNEL assay, caspase 3/7 enzyme and granzyme B activity assay. Moreover, there were no significant changes in T cell activation (CD24, CD44, CD69 and IFN-γ) or T cell exhaustion (PD-1, LAG-3 and TIM3) markers expression between radiolabeled and unlabeled CAR-T cells. In chemotaxis assays, migratory capability of radiolabeled CAR-T cells to IL-13Rα2Fc was similar to that of non-labeled cells. CONCLUSIONS Importantly, radiolabeling has minimal impact on biological product attributes including potency of CAR-T cells towards IL-13Rα2 positive tumor cells but not IL-13Rα2 negative cells as measured by cytolytic activity and release of IFN-γ. Thus, IL-13Rα2 targeting CAR-T cells radiolabeled with 89Zr-oxine retain critical product attributes and suggest 89Zr-oxine radiolabeling of CAR-T cells may facilitate biodistribution and tissue trafficking studies in vivo using PET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Leland
- Tumor Vaccines and Biotechnology Branch, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Office of Tissues and Advance Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Dhiraj Kumar
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sridhar Nimmagadda
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Steven R Bauer
- Tumor Vaccines and Biotechnology Branch, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Office of Tissues and Advance Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
- Wake Forest Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Winston Salem, North Caroline, USA
| | - Raj K Puri
- Tumor Vaccines and Biotechnology Branch, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Office of Tissues and Advance Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
- Iovance Biotherapeutics, San Carlos, CA, USA
| | - Bharat H Joshi
- Tumor Vaccines and Biotechnology Branch, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Office of Tissues and Advance Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA.
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13
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Schwenck J, Sonanini D, Cotton JM, Rammensee HG, la Fougère C, Zender L, Pichler BJ. Advances in PET imaging of cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 2023:10.1038/s41568-023-00576-4. [PMID: 37258875 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-023-00576-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Molecular imaging has experienced enormous advancements in the areas of imaging technology, imaging probe and contrast development, and data quality, as well as machine learning-based data analysis. Positron emission tomography (PET) and its combination with computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a multimodality PET-CT or PET-MRI system offer a wealth of molecular, functional and morphological data with a single patient scan. Despite the recent technical advances and the availability of dozens of disease-specific contrast and imaging probes, only a few parameters, such as tumour size or the mean tracer uptake, are used for the evaluation of images in clinical practice. Multiparametric in vivo imaging data not only are highly quantitative but also can provide invaluable information about pathophysiology, receptor expression, metabolism, or morphological and functional features of tumours, such as pH, oxygenation or tissue density, as well as pharmacodynamic properties of drugs, to measure drug response with a contrast agent. It can further quantitatively map and spatially resolve the intertumoural and intratumoural heterogeneity, providing insights into tumour vulnerabilities for target-specific therapeutic interventions. Failure to exploit and integrate the full potential of such powerful imaging data may lead to a lost opportunity in which patients do not receive the best possible care. With the desire to implement personalized medicine in the cancer clinic, the full comprehensive diagnostic power of multiplexed imaging should be utilized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Schwenck
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) 'Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumour Therapies', Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dominik Sonanini
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Medical Oncology and Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jonathan M Cotton
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) 'Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumour Therapies', Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Rammensee
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) 'Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumour Therapies', Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Immunology, IFIZ Institute for Cell Biology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center, German Cancer Consortium DKTK, Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian la Fougère
- Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) 'Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumour Therapies', Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center, German Cancer Consortium DKTK, Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lars Zender
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) 'Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumour Therapies', Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
- Medical Oncology and Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center, German Cancer Consortium DKTK, Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bernd J Pichler
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) 'Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumour Therapies', Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany.
- German Cancer Research Center, German Cancer Consortium DKTK, Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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14
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Song W, Hsu JC, Lan X, Cai W. Optical image-guided therapy of pancreatic cancer with an ultra-small bispecific protein. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2023; 50:1560-1563. [PMID: 36882578 PMCID: PMC10121951 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-023-06186-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Song
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, China
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jessica C Hsu
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Xiaoli Lan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, China.
| | - Weibo Cai
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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15
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Xie L, Meng Z. Immunomodulatory effect of locoregional therapy in the tumor microenvironment. Mol Ther 2023; 31:951-969. [PMID: 36694462 PMCID: PMC10124087 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy appears to be a promising treatment option; however, only a subset of patients with cancer responds favorably to treatment. Locoregional therapy initiates a local antitumor immune response by disrupting immunosuppressive components, releasing immunostimulatory damage-associated molecular patterns, recruiting immune effectors, and remodeling the tumor microenvironment. Many studies have shown that locoregional therapy can produce specific antitumor immunity alone; nevertheless, the effect is relatively weak and transient. Furthermore, increasing research efforts have explored the potential synergy between locoregional therapy and immunotherapy to enhance the long-term systemic antitumor immune effect and improve survival. Therefore, further research is needed into the immunomodulatory effects of locoregional therapy and immunotherapy to augment antitumor effects. This review article summarizes the key components of the tumor microenvironment, discusses the immunomodulatory role of locoregional therapy in the tumor microenvironment, and emphasizes the therapeutic potential of locoregional therapy in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xie
- Department of Minimally Invasive Therapy Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Meng
- Department of Minimally Invasive Therapy Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China.
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16
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He S, Cheng P, Pu K. Activatable near-infrared probes for the detection of specific populations of tumour-infiltrating leukocytes in vivo and in urine. Nat Biomed Eng 2023; 7:281-297. [PMID: 36941352 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-023-01009-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Tracking the immune microenvironment of tumours is essential for understanding the mechanisms behind the effectiveness of cancer immunotherapies. Molecular imaging of tumour-infiltrating leukocytes (TILs) can be used to non-invasively monitor the tumour immune microenvironment, but current imaging agents do not distinguish TILs from leukocytes resident in other tissues. Here we report a library of activatable molecular probes for the imaging, via near-infrared fluorescence, of specific TILs (including M1 macrophages, cytotoxic T lymphocytes and neutrophils) in vivo in real time and also via excreted urine, owing to the probes' renal clearance. The fluorescence of the probes is activated only in the presence of both tumour and leukocyte biomarkers, which allows for the imaging of populations of specific TILs in mouse models of cancers with sensitivities and specificities similar to those achieved via flow-cytometric analyses of biopsied tumour tissues. We also show that the probes enable the non-invasive evaluation of the immunogenicity of different tumours, the dynamic monitoring of responses to immunotherapies and the accurate prediction of tumour growth under various treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha He
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Penghui Cheng
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kanyi Pu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
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17
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Gao Y, Luo Q, Sun Z, Gao H, Yu Y, Sun Y, Ma X, Han C, Shi J, Wang F. Implication of 99mTc-sum IL-2 SPECT/CT in immunotherapy by imaging of tumor-infiltrating T cells. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:jitc-2022-005925. [PMID: 36858461 PMCID: PMC9980373 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-005925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and adoptive T cell transfer (ACT) therapy have achieved impressive clinical outcomes, majority of patients do not respond to immunotherapy. Tumor-infiltrating T cells, a critical factor to immunotherapy, is dynamically changing. Therefore, a reliable real-time in vivo imaging system for tumor-infiltrating T cells, but not immunohistochemical analyses, will be more valuable to predict response and guide immunotherapy. In this study, we developed a new SPECT/CT imaging probe 99mTc-sum IL-2 targeting the IL-2Rβ/IL-2Rγ (CD122/CD132) receptor on tumor-infiltrating T cells, and evaluated its application in predicting the immune response to anti-PD-L1 (αPD-L1) therapy as well as tracking infused T cells in ACT therapy. METHODS The binding affinity of the super mutated IL-2 (sum IL-2) in various T cell subtypes was measured. Sum IL-2 was subsequently labeled with 99mTc through Sortase-A mediated site-specific transpeptidation. SPECT/CT imaging and biodistribution studies of 99mTc-sum IL-2 were performed in a MC38 mouse model. Wild type IL-2 (IL-2) was used as control in the above studies. Finally, we evaluated 99mTc-sum IL-2 SPECT/CT for the detection of tumor-infiltrating T cells in the context of αPD-L1 immunotherapy and ACT therapy. RESULTS Sum IL-2 preferentially bound to CD8+ T cells, especially activated CD8+ T cells, while IL-2 showed biased binding to Treg cells. As a result, 99mTc-sum IL-2 could detect tumor-infiltrating T cells. In the MC38 tumor model, SPECT/CT imaging showed the increased tumor uptake of 99mTc-sum IL-2 after αPD-L1 treatment, suggesting that the treatment significantly increased tumor-infiltrating T cells, resulting in a correspondingly significant curative effect. In addition, 99mTc-sum IL-2 SPECT/CT could also track the infiltration of antigen-specific cytotoxic CD8+ T cells during ACT therapy. CONCLUSION 99mTc-sum IL-2 has great clinical potential for non-invasive and specific SPECT/CT imaging of tumor-infiltrating T cells as well as for timely prediction and evaluation of the therapeutic efficacy of ICB and ACT therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Proteinand Peptide Pharmaceuticals, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Luo
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhichen Sun
- Key Laboratory of Proteinand Peptide Pharmaceuticals, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hannan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Proteinand Peptide Pharmaceuticals, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Yu
- Key Laboratory of Proteinand Peptide Pharmaceuticals, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yining Sun
- Key Laboratory of Proteinand Peptide Pharmaceuticals, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaotu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Proteinand Peptide Pharmaceuticals, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanhui Han
- Medical Isotopes Research Center and Department of Radiation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Basic Medical Sciences, International Cancer Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiyun Shi
- Key Laboratory of Proteinand Peptide Pharmaceuticals, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Proteinand Peptide Pharmaceuticals, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China .,Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, China.,Medical Isotopes Research Center and Department of Radiation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Basic Medical Sciences, International Cancer Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China
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18
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Gu GJ, Chung H, Park JY, Yoo R, Im HJ, Choi H, Lee YS, Seok SH. Mannosylated-serum albumin nanoparticle imaging to monitor tumor-associated macrophages under anti-PD1 treatment. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:31. [PMID: 36707872 PMCID: PMC9881286 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01791-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune checkpoint inhibitors such as anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1) block tumor growth by reinvigorating the immune system; however, determining their efficacy only by the changes in tumor size may prove inaccurate. As the immune cells including macrophages in the tumor microenvironment (TME) are associated with the response to anti-PD1 therapy, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) imaging using nanoparticles can noninvasively provide the immune enrichment status of TME. Herein, the mannosylated-serum albumin (MSA) nanoparticle was labeled with radioactive isotope 68Ga to target the mannose receptors on macrophages for noninvasive monitoring of the TME according to anti-PD1 therapy. RESULTS B16F10-Luc and MC38-Luc tumor-bearing mice were treated with anti-PD1, and the response to anti-PD1 was determined by the tumor volume. According to the flow cytometry, the responders to anti-PD1 showed an increased proportion of TAMs, as well as lymphocytes, and the most enriched immune cell population in the TME was also TAMs. For noninvasive imaging of TAMs as a surrogate of immune cell augmentation in the TME via anti-PD1, we acquired [68Ga] Ga-MSA positron emission tomography. According to the imaging study, an increased number of TAMs in responders at the early phase of anti-PD1 treatment was observed in both B16F10-Luc and MC38-Luc tumor-bearing mice models. CONCLUSION As representative immune cells in the TME, non-invasive imaging of TAMs using MSA nanoparticles can reflect the immune cell enrichment status in the TME closely associated with the response to anti-PD1. As non-invasive imaging using MSA nanoparticles, this approach shows a potential to monitor and evaluate anti-tumor response to immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyo Jeong Gu
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Macrophage Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Endemic Disease, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewon Chung
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Macrophage Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Endemic Disease, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea ,grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yong Park
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea ,grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ranji Yoo
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea ,grid.412484.f0000 0001 0302 820X Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Jun Im
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea ,grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongyoon Choi
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea ,grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Radiation Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea ,grid.412484.f0000 0001 0302 820XDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Sang Lee
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea ,grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Radiation Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea ,grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea ,grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyeok Seok
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Macrophage Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Endemic Disease, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea ,grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea ,grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Leland P, Kumar D, Nimaggada S, Bauer SR, Puri RK, Joshi BH. Characterization of Chimeric Antigen Receptor Modified T Cells Expressing scFv-IL-13Rα2 after Radiolabeling with 89Zirconium Oxine for PET Imaging. Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-2242559. [PMID: 36711796 PMCID: PMC9882610 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2242559/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Background Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy is an exciting cell-based cancer immunotherapy. Unfortunately, CAR-T cell therapy is associated with serious toxicities such as cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and neurotoxicity. The mechanism of these serious adverse events (SAEs) and how homing, distribution and retention of CAR-T cells contribute to toxicities is not fully understood. Methods To determine if radiolabelling of CAR-T cells could support positron emission tomography (PET)-based biodistribution studies, we labeled IL-13Rα2 targeting scFv-IL-13Rα2-CAR-T cells (CAR-T cells) with 89 Zirconium-oxine ( 89 Zr-oxine), and characterized and compared their product attributes with non-labeled CAR-T cells. The 89 Zr-oxine labeling conditions were optimized for incubation time, temperature, and use of serum for labeling. In addition, product attributes of radiolabeled CAR-T cells were studied to assess their overall quality including cell viability, proliferation, phenotype markers of T-cell activation and exhaustion, cytolytic activity and release of interferon-γ upon co-culture with IL-13Rα2 expressing glioma cells. Results We observed that radiolabeling of CAR-T cells with 89 Zr-oxine is quick, efficient, and radioactivity is retained in the cells for at least 8 days with minimal loss. Also, viability of radiolabeled CAR-T cells was similar to that of unlabeled cells as determined by TUNEL assay and caspase 3/7 enzyme activity assay. Moreover, there were no significant changes in T cell activation (CD24, CD44, CD69 and IFN-γ) or T cell exhaustion(PD-1, LAG-3 and TIM3) markers expression between radiolabeled and unlabeled CAR-T cells. In chemotaxis assays, migratory capability of radiolabeled CAR-T cells to IL-13Rα2Fc was similar to that of non-labeled cells. Conclusions Importantly, radiolabeling has minimal impact on biological product attributes including potency of CAR-T cells towards IL-13Rα2 positive tumor cells but not IL-13Rα2 negative cells as measured by cytolytic activity and release of IFN-γ. Thus, IL-13Rα2 targeting CAR-T cells radiolabeled with 89 Zr-oxine retain critical product attributes and suggest 89 Zr-oxine radiolabeling of CAR-T cells may facilitate biodistribution and tissue trafficking studies in vivo using PET.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dhiraj Kumar
- Johns Hopkins Medicine School of Medicine: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | | | | | - Raj K Puri
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research
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20
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Shi C, Zhang Q, Yao Y, Zeng F, Du C, Nijiati S, Wen X, Zhang X, Yang H, Chen H, Guo Z, Zhang X, Gao J, Guo W, Chen X, Zhou Z. Targeting the activity of T cells by membrane surface redox regulation for cancer theranostics. Nat Nanotechnol 2023; 18:86-97. [PMID: 36536041 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-022-01261-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
T cells play a determining role in the immunomodulation and prognostic evaluation of cancer treatments relying on immune activation. While specific biomarkers determine the population and distribution of T cells in tumours, the in situ activity of T cells is less studied. Here we designed T-cell-targeting fusogenic liposomes to regulate and quantify the activity of T cells by exploiting their surface redox status as a chemical target. The T-cell-targeting fusogenic liposomes equipped with 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine (TEMP) groups neutralize reactive oxygen species protecting T cells from oxidation-induced loss of activity. Meanwhile, the production of paramagnetic 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl (TEMPO) radicals allows magnetic resonance imaging quantification of the T cell activity. In multiple mouse models, the T-cell-targeting fusogenic liposomes led to efficient tumour inhibition and to early prediction of radiotherapy outcomes. This study uses a chemical targeting strategy to measure the in situ activity of T cells for cancer theranostics and may provide further understanding on engineering T cells for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changrong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qianyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yuying Yao
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Biomedical Engineering & the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fantian Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chao Du
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Sureya Nijiati
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xuejun Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hongzhang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Haoting Chen
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Biomedical Engineering & the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhide Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xianzhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jinhao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces & The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Weisheng Guo
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Biomedical Engineering & the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, NUS Center for Nanomedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Zijian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
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21
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Lauri C, Varani M, Bentivoglio V, Capriotti G, Signore A. Present status and future trends in molecular imaging of lymphocytes. Semin Nucl Med 2023; 53:125-134. [PMID: 36150910 PMCID: PMC9489269 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2022.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Immune system is emerging as a crucial protagonist in a huge variety of oncologic and non-oncologic conditions including response to vaccines and viral infections (such as SARS-CoV-2). The increasing knowledge of molecular biology underlying these diseases allowed the identification of specific targets and the possibility to use tailored therapies against them. Immunotherapies and vaccines are, indeed, more and more used nowadays for treating infections, cancer and autoimmune diseases and, therefore, there is the need to identify, quantify and monitor immune cell trafficking before and after treatment. This approach will provide crucial information for therapy decision-making. Imaging of B and T-lymphocytes trafficking by using tailored radiopharmaceuticals proved to be a successful nuclear medicine tool. In this review, we will provide an overview of the state of art and future trends for "in vivo" imaging of lymphocyte trafficking and homing by mean of specific receptor-tailored radiopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Lauri
- Nuclear Medicine Unit Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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22
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Wang R, Zhang C, Cao Y, Wang J, Jiao S, Zhang J, Wang M, Tang P, Ouyang Z, Liang W, Mao Y, Wang A, Li G, Zhang J, Wang M, Wang S, Gui X. Blockade of dual immune checkpoint inhibitory signals with a CD47/PD-L1 bispecific antibody for cancer treatment. Theranostics 2023; 13:148-160. [PMID: 36593962 PMCID: PMC9800731 DOI: 10.7150/thno.79367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Even though PD-1/PD-L1 is an identified key "don't find me" signal to active adaptive immune system for cancer treatment, the overall response rate (ORR) for all cancer patients is still limited. Other effective therapeutic modalities to bridge the innate and adaptive immunity to improve ORR are urgently needed. Recently, CD47/SIRPα interaction is confirmed as a critical "don't eat me" signal to active innate immunity. However, the red blood cell (RBC) toxicity is the big concern for the development of CD47-based anti-cancer therapeutics. Methods: Here, we report the development of a CD47/PD-L1 bispecific antibody 6MW3211 to block both PD-1/PD-L1 and CD47/SIRPα signals, and studied the effects of 6MW3211 on anti-tumor immune functions in vitro and in vivo. The pharmacokinetic and toxicity profiles of 6MW3211 were evaluated in GLP non-human primate (NHP) studies. Results: The dual immune checkpoint inhibitory signaling blocker 6MW3211 shows high binding affinity to PD-L1 and low binding affinity to CD47. This inequivalent binding affinity design makes 6MW3211 preferentially bound to PD-L1 on tumor cells followed by disrupting the interaction of CD47/SIRPα. Complex structure determination and flow cytometry assay demonstrated that 6MW3211 has no binding to either human or rhesus monkey RBCs. 6MW3211 effectively blocked both PD-1/DP-L1 and CD47/SIRPα signaling and promoted macrophage phagocytosis of tumor cells. Potent therapeutic efficacies of 6MW3211 in three different mouse models were further observed. Moreover, 6MW3211 was demonstrated to have a fairly good safety profile in a GLP NHP study. In addition, multiplex fluorescent immunohistochemistry (mIHC) staining shows that PD-L1 and CD47 co-express on several different types of human tumor tissues. Conclusions: These results support the development of 6MW3211 for the treatment of PD-L1 and CD47 double positive cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongjuan Wang
- Mabwell (Shanghai) Bioscience Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201210, China.,Beijing Kohnoor Science & Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 102206, China
| | - Chang Zhang
- Mabwell (Shanghai) Bioscience Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201210, China.,Beijing Kohnoor Science & Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yuting Cao
- Mabwell (Shanghai) Bioscience Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Junchao Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Shasha Jiao
- Mabwell (Shanghai) Bioscience Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201210, China.,Beijing Kohnoor Science & Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jiao Zhang
- Mabwell (Shanghai) Bioscience Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201210, China.,Beijing Kohnoor Science & Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 102206, China
| | - Min Wang
- Mabwell (Shanghai) Bioscience Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Peipei Tang
- Mabwell (Shanghai) Bioscience Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Zijun Ouyang
- Mabwell (Shanghai) Bioscience Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Wenlu Liang
- Mabwell (Shanghai) Bioscience Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yu Mao
- Mabwell (Shanghai) Bioscience Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201210, China
| | - An Wang
- Mabwell (Shanghai) Bioscience Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Gang Li
- Mabwell (Shanghai) Bioscience Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Jinchao Zhang
- Mabwell (Shanghai) Bioscience Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Mingzhu Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230022, China.,✉ Corresponding authors: Mingzhu Wang, E-mail: , School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China. Shuang Wang, E-mail: , Beijing Kohnoor Science & Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing China. Xun Gui, E-mail: , Mabwell (Shanghai) Bioscience Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Mabwell (Shanghai) Bioscience Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201210, China.,Beijing Kohnoor Science & Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 102206, China.,✉ Corresponding authors: Mingzhu Wang, E-mail: , School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China. Shuang Wang, E-mail: , Beijing Kohnoor Science & Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing China. Xun Gui, E-mail: , Mabwell (Shanghai) Bioscience Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Xun Gui
- Mabwell (Shanghai) Bioscience Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201210, China.,✉ Corresponding authors: Mingzhu Wang, E-mail: , School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China. Shuang Wang, E-mail: , Beijing Kohnoor Science & Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing China. Xun Gui, E-mail: , Mabwell (Shanghai) Bioscience Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
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Ng WL, Ansell SM, Mondello P. Insights into the tumor microenvironment of B cell lymphoma. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:362. [PMID: 36578079 PMCID: PMC9798587 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02579-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The standard therapies in lymphoma have predominantly focused on targeting tumor cells with less of a focus on the tumor microenvironment (TME), which plays a critical role in favoring tumor growth and survival. Such an approach may result in increasingly refractory disease with progressively reduced responses to subsequent treatments. To overcome this hurdle, targeting the TME has emerged as a new therapeutic strategy. The TME consists of T and B lymphocytes, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and other components. Understanding the TME can lead to a comprehensive approach to managing lymphoma, resulting in therapeutic strategies that target not only cancer cells, but also the supportive environment and thereby ultimately improve survival of lymphoma patients. Here, we review the normal function of different components of the TME, the impact of their aberrant behavior in B cell lymphoma and the current TME-direct therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wern Lynn Ng
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDivision of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Stephen M. Ansell
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDivision of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Patrizia Mondello
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDivision of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
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24
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Kol A, Fan X, Wazynska MA, van Duijnhoven SM, Giesen D, Plat A, Van Eenennaam H, Elsinga PH, Nijman HW, de Bruyn M. Development of 89Zr-anti-CD103 PET imaging for non-invasive assessment of cancer reactive T cell infiltration. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2022-004877. [PMID: 36600560 PMCID: PMC9723959 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-004877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE CD103, an integrin specifically expressed on the surface of cancer-reactive T cells, is significantly increased during successful immunotherapy across human malignancies. In this study, we describe the generation and zirconium-89 (89Zr) radiolabeling of monoclonal antibody (mAb) clones that specifically recognize human CD103 for non-invasive immune positron-emission tomography (PET) imaging of T cell infiltration as potential biomarker for effective anticancer immune responses. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN First, to determine the feasibility of anti-CD103 immuno-PET to visualize CD103-positive cells at physiologically and clinically relevant target densities, we developed an 89Zr-anti-murine CD103 PET tracer. Healthy, non-tumor bearing C57BL/6 mice underwent serial PET imaging after intravenous injection, followed by ex vivo biodistribution. Tracer specificity and macroscopic tissue distribution were studied using autoradiography combined with CD103 immunohistochemistry. Next, we generated and screened six unique mAbs that specifically target human CD103 positive cells. Optimal candidates were selected for 89Zr-anti-human CD103 PET development. Nude mice (BALB/cOlaHsd-Foxn1nu) with established CD103 expressing Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) or CHO wild-type xenografts were injected with 89Zr-anti-human CD103 mAbs and underwent serial PET imaging, followed by ex vivo biodistribution. RESULTS 89Zr-anti-murine CD103 PET imaging identified CD103-positive tissues at clinically relevant target densities. For human anti-human CD103 PET development two clones were selected based on strong binding to the CD103+ CD8+ T cell subpopulation in ovarian cancer tumor digests, non-overlapping binding epitopes and differential CD103 blocking properties. In vivo, both 89Zr-anti-human CD103 tracers showed high target-to-background ratios, high target site selectivity and a high sensitivity in human CD103 positive xenografts. CONCLUSION CD103 immuno-PET tracers visualize CD103 T cells at relevant densities and are suitable for future non-invasive assessment of cancer reactive T cell infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjan Kol
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Xiaoyu Fan
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marta A. Wazynska
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Danique Giesen
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Annechien Plat
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Philip H. Elsinga
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans W. Nijman
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marco de Bruyn
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Andreou C, Plakas K, Berisha N, Gigoux M, Rosch LE, Mirsafavi R, Oseledchyk A, Pal S, Zamarin D, Merghoub T, Detty MR, Kircher MF. Multiplexed molecular imaging with surface enhanced resonance Raman scattering nanoprobes reveals immunotherapy response in mice via multichannel image segmentation. Nanoscale Horiz 2022; 7:1540-1552. [PMID: 36285605 PMCID: PMC10360075 DOI: 10.1039/d2nh00331g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Visualizing the presence and distribution of multiple specific molecular markers within a tumor can reveal the composition of its microenvironment, inform diagnosis, stratify patients, and guide treatment. Raman imaging with multiple molecularly-targeted surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanoprobes could help investigate emerging cancer treatments preclinically or enable personalized treatment assessment. Here, we report a comprehensive strategy for multiplexed imaging using SERS nanoprobes and machine learning (ML) to monitor the early effects of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) in tumor-bearing mice. We used antibody-functionalized SERS nanoprobes to visualize 7 + 1 immunotherapy-related targets simultaneously. The multiplexed images were spectrally resolved and then spatially segmented into superpixels based on the unmixed signals. The superpixels were used to train ML models, leading to the successful classification of mice into treated and untreated groups, and identifying tumor regions with variable responses to treatment. This method may help predict treatment efficacy in tumors and identify areas of tumor variability and therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysafis Andreou
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Nanotechnology (CMINT), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus.
| | - Konstantinos Plakas
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, USA
| | - Naxhije Berisha
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA
- Department of Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Mathieu Gigoux
- Department of Immunology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Lauren E Rosch
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, USA
| | - Rustin Mirsafavi
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Anton Oseledchyk
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Suchetan Pal
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Dmitriy Zamarin
- Department of Immunology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Taha Merghoub
- Department of Immunology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Michael R Detty
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, USA
| | - Moritz F Kircher
- Department of Imaging, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Radiology, Brigham & Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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26
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Liu X, Pan L, Wang K, Pan W, Li N, Tang B. Imaging strategies for monitoring the immune response. Chem Sci 2022; 13:12957-12970. [PMID: 36425502 PMCID: PMC9667917 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc03446h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Real-time monitoring of the immune response can be used to evaluate the immune status of the body and to distinguish immune responders and non-responders, so as to better guide immunotherapy. Through direct labelling of immune cells and imaging specific biomarkers of different cells, the activation status of immune cells and immunosuppressive status of tumor cells can be visualized. The immunotherapeutic regimen can then be adjusted accordingly in a timely manner to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy. In this review, various imaging methods, immune-related imaging probes, current challenges and opportunities are summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 P. R. China
| | - Limeng Pan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 P. R. China
| | - Kaiye Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 P. R. China
| | - Wei Pan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 P. R. China
| | - Na Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 P. R. China
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 P. R. China
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Alsaid H, Cheng SH, Bi M, Xie F, Rambo M, Skedzielewski T, Hoang B, Mohanan S, Comroe D, Gehman A, Hsu CY, Farhangi K, Tran H, Sherina V, Doan M, Groseclose MR, Hopson CB, Brett S, Wilson IA, Nicholls A, Ballas M, Waight JD, Jucker BM. Immuno-PET Monitoring of CD8 + T Cell Infiltration Post ICOS Agonist Antibody Treatment Alone and in Combination with PD-1 Blocking Antibody Using a 89Zr Anti-CD8 + Mouse Minibody in EMT6 Syngeneic Tumor Mouse. Mol Imaging Biol 2022; 25:528-540. [PMID: 36266600 PMCID: PMC10172244 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-022-01781-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The presence and functional competence of intratumoral CD8+ T cells is often a barometer for successful immunotherapeutic responses in cancer. Despite this understanding and the extensive number of clinical-stage immunotherapies focused on potentiation (co-stimulation) or rescue (checkpoint blockade) of CD8+ T cell antitumor activity, dynamic biomarker strategies are often lacking. To help fill this gap, immuno-PET nuclear imaging has emerged as a powerful tool for in vivo molecular imaging of antibody targeting. Here, we took advantage of immuno-PET imaging using 89Zr-IAB42M1-14, anti-mouse CD8 minibody, to characterize CD8+ T-cell tumor infiltration dynamics following ICOS (inducible T-cell co-stimulator) agonist antibody treatment alone and in combination with PD-1 blocking antibody in a model of mammary carcinoma. PROCEDURES Female BALB/c mice with established EMT6 tumors received 10 µg, IP of either IgG control antibodies, ICOS agonist monotherapy, or ICOS/PD-1 combination therapy on days 0, 3, 5, 7, 9, 10, or 14. Imaging was performed at 24 and 48 h post IV dose of 89Zr IAB42M1-14. In addition to 89Zr-IAB42M1-14 uptake in tumor and tumor-draining lymph node (TDLN), 3D radiomic features were extracted from PET/CT images to identify treatment effects. Imaging mass cytometry (IMC) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed at end of study. RESULTS 89Zr-IAB42M1-14 uptake in the tumor was observed by day 11 and was preceded by an increase in the TDLN as early as day 4. The spatial distribution of 89Zr-IAB42M1-14 was more uniform in the drug treated vs. control tumors, which had spatially distinct tracer uptake in the periphery relative to the core of the tumor. IMC analysis showed an increased percentage of cytotoxic T cells in the ICOS monotherapy and ICOS/PD-1 combination group compared to IgG controls. Additionally, temporal radiomics analysis demonstrated early predictiveness of imaging features. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first detailed description of the use of a novel immune-PET imaging technique to assess the kinetics of CD8+ T-cell infiltration into tumor and lymphoid tissues following ICOS agonist and PD-1 blocking antibody therapy. By demonstrating the capacity for increased spatial and temporal resolution of CD8+ T-cell infiltration across tumors and lymphoid tissues, these observations underscore the widespread potential clinical utility of non-invasive PET imaging for T-cell-based immunotherapy in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Alsaid
- Bioimaging, IVIVT, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, 19426, USA.
| | - Shih-Hsun Cheng
- Bioimaging, IVIVT, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, 19426, USA
| | - Meixia Bi
- Immuno-Oncology Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Fang Xie
- Bioimaging, IVIVT, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, 19426, USA
| | - Mary Rambo
- Bioimaging, IVIVT, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, 19426, USA
| | | | - Bao Hoang
- Bioimaging, IVIVT, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, 19426, USA
| | - Sunish Mohanan
- Non-Clinical Safety, IVIVT, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Debra Comroe
- Integrated Biological Platform Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Andrew Gehman
- Research Statistics, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Chih-Yang Hsu
- Bioimaging, IVIVT, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, 19426, USA
| | - Kamyar Farhangi
- Bioimaging, IVIVT, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, 19426, USA
| | - Hoang Tran
- Research Statistics, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | | | - Minh Doan
- Bioimaging, IVIVT, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, 19426, USA
| | | | | | - Sara Brett
- Oncology Cell Therapy Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Hertfordshire, UK
| | | | | | - Marc Ballas
- Oncology Clinical Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Jeremy D Waight
- Immuno-Oncology Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Beat M Jucker
- Clinical Imaging, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
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Ma X, Zhang MJ, Wang J, Zhang T, Xue P, Kang Y, Sun ZJ, Xu Z. Emerging Biomaterials Imaging Antitumor Immune Response. Adv Mater 2022; 34:e2204034. [PMID: 35728795 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202204034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy is one of the most promising clinical modalities for the treatment of malignant tumors and has shown excellent therapeutic outcomes in clinical settings. However, it continues to face several challenges, including long treatment cycles, high costs, immune-related adverse events, and low response rates. Thus, it is critical to predict the response rate to immunotherapy by using imaging technology in the preoperative and intraoperative. Here, the latest advances in nanosystem-based biomaterials used for predicting responses to immunotherapy via the imaging of immune cells and signaling molecules in the immune microenvironment are comprehensively summarized. Several imaging methods, such as fluorescence imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography imaging, ultrasound imaging, and photoacoustic imaging, used in immune predictive imaging, are discussed to show the potential of nanosystems for distinguishing immunotherapy responders from nonresponders. Nanosystem-based biomaterials aided by various imaging technologies are expected to enable the effective prediction and diagnosis in cases of tumors, inflammation, and other public diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianbin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy and Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Micro-Nano Biomedical Materials and Devices, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
- Institute of Engineering Medicine, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Meng-Jie Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Jingting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy and Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Micro-Nano Biomedical Materials and Devices, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Tian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy and Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Micro-Nano Biomedical Materials and Devices, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Peng Xue
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy and Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Micro-Nano Biomedical Materials and Devices, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Yuejun Kang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy and Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Micro-Nano Biomedical Materials and Devices, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Jun Sun
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy and Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Micro-Nano Biomedical Materials and Devices, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
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29
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Volpe A, Adusumilli PS, Schöder H, Ponomarev V. Imaging cellular immunotherapies and immune cell biomarkers: from preclinical studies to patients. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2022-004902. [PMID: 36137649 PMCID: PMC9511655 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-004902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular immunotherapies have emerged as a successful therapeutic approach to fight a wide range of human diseases, including cancer. However, responses are limited to few patients and tumor types. An in-depth understanding of the complexity and dynamics of cellular immunotherapeutics, including what is behind their success and failure in a patient, the role of other immune cell types and molecular biomarkers in determining a response, is now paramount. As the cellular immunotherapy arsenal expands, whole-body non-invasive molecular imaging can shed a light on their in vivo fate and contribute to the reliable assessment of treatment outcome and prediction of therapeutic response. In this review, we outline the non-invasive strategies that can be tailored toward the molecular imaging of cellular immunotherapies and immune-related components, with a focus on those that have been extensively tested preclinically and are currently under clinical development or have already entered the clinical trial phase. We also provide a critical appraisal on the current role and consolidation of molecular imaging into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Volpe
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Prasad S Adusumilli
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA,Cellular Therapeutics Center, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA,Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Heiko Schöder
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Vladimir Ponomarev
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA,Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA,Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
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30
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Edwards KJ, Chang B, Babazada H, Lohith K, Park DH, Farwell MD, Sellmyer MA. Using CD69 PET Imaging to Monitor Immunotherapy-Induced Immune Activation. Cancer Immunol Res 2022; 10:1084-1094. [PMID: 35862229 PMCID: PMC10026840 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-21-0874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have been effective in treating a subset of refractory solid tumors, but only a small percentage of treated patients benefit from these therapies. Thus, there is a clinical need for reliable tools that allow for the early assessment of response to ICIs, as well as a preclinical need for imaging tools that aid in the future development and understanding of immunotherapies. Here we demonstrate that CD69, a canonical early-activation marker expressed on a variety of activated immune cells, including cytotoxic T cells and natural killer (NK) cells, is a promising biomarker for the early assessment of response to immunotherapies. We have developed a PET probe by radiolabeling a highly specific CD69 mAb, H1.2F3, with Zirconium-89 (89Zr), [89Zr]-deferoxamine (DFO)-H1.2F3. [89Zr]-DFO-H1.2F3 detected changes in CD69 expression on primary mouse T cells in vitro and detected activated immune cells in a syngeneic tumor immunotherapy model. In vitro uptake studies with [89Zr]-DFO-H1.2F3 showed a 15-fold increase in CD69 expression for activated primary mouse T cells, relative to untreated resting T cells. In vivo PET imaging showed that tumors of ICI-responsive mice had greater uptake than the tumors of nonresponsive and untreated mice. Ex vivo biodistribution, autoradiography, and IHC analyses supported the PET imaging findings. These data suggest that the CD69 PET imaging approach detects CD69 expression with sufficient sensitivity to quantify immune cell activation in a syngeneic mouse immunotherapy model and could allow for the prediction of therapeutic immune responses to novel immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly J Edwards
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Bryan Chang
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Hasan Babazada
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Katheryn Lohith
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Daniel H Park
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael D Farwell
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mark A Sellmyer
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
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31
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Oh S, Youn H, Paeng JC, Kim Y, Lee C, Choi H, Kang KW, Chung J, Cheon GJ. Glucose–Thymidine Ratio as a Metabolism Index Using 18F-FDG and 18F-FLT PET Uptake as a Potential Imaging Biomarker for Evaluating Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:9273. [PMID: 36012530 PMCID: PMC9409370 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are widely used in cancer immunotherapy, requiring effective methods for response monitoring. This study evaluated changes in 18F-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) and 18F-fluorothymidine (FLT) uptake by tumors following ICI treatment as potential imaging biomarkers in mice. Tumor uptakes of 18F-FDG and 18F-FLT were measured and compared between the ICI treatment and control groups. A combined imaging index of glucose–thymidine uptake ratio (GTR) was defined and compared between groups. In the ICI treatment group, tumor growth was effectively inhibited, and higher proportions of immune cells were observed. In the early phase, 18F-FDG uptake was higher in the treatment group, whereas 18F-FLT uptake was not different. There was no difference in 18F-FDG uptake between the two groups in the late phase. However, 18F-FLT uptake of the control group was markedly increased compared with the ICI treatment group. GTR was consistently higher in the ICI treatment group in the early and late phases. After ICI treatment, changes in tumor cell proliferation were observed with 18F-FLT, whereas 18F-FDG showed altered metabolism in both tumor and immune cells. A combination of 18F-FLT and 18F-FDG PET, such as GTR, is expected to serve as a potentially effective imaging biomarker for monitoring ICI treatment.
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32
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Zhou H, Wang Y, Xu H, Shen X, Zhang T, Zhou X, Zeng Y, Li K, Zhang L, Zhu H, Yang X, Li N, Yang Z, Liu Z. Noninvasive interrogation of CD8+ T cell effector function for monitoring tumor early responses to immunotherapy. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:161065. [PMID: 35788116 PMCID: PMC9374377 DOI: 10.1172/jci161065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurately identifying patients who respond to immunotherapy remains clinically challenging. A noninvasive method that can longitudinally capture information about immune cell function and assist in the early assessment of tumor responses is highly desirable for precision immunotherapy. Here, we show that PET imaging using a granzyme B–targeted radiotracer named 68Ga-grazytracer, could noninvasively and effectively predict tumor responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive T cell transfer therapy in multiple tumor models. 68Ga-grazytracer was designed and selected from several radiotracers based on non-aldehyde peptidomimetics, and exhibited excellent in vivo metabolic stability and favorable targeting efficiency to granzyme B secreted by effector CD8+ T cells during immune responses. 68Ga-grazytracer permitted more sensitive discrimination of responders and nonresponders than did 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose, distinguishing between tumor pseudoprogression and true progression upon immune checkpoint blockade therapy in mouse models with varying immunogenicity. In a preliminary clinical trial with 5 patients, no adverse events were observed after 68Ga-grazytracer injection, and clinical responses in cancer patients undergoing immunotherapy were favorably correlated with 68Ga-grazytracer PET results. These results highlight the potential of 68Ga-grazytracer PET to enhance the clinical effectiveness of granzyme B secretion–related immunotherapies by supporting early response assessment and precise patient stratification in a noninvasive and longitudinal manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyi Zhou
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yanpu Wang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Hongchuang Xu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuling Shen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuwen Zeng
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Kui Li
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Zhu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaofei Liu
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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Sun R, Henry T, Laville A, Carré A, Hamaoui A, Bockel S, Chaffai I, Levy A, Chargari C, Robert C, Deutsch E. Imaging approaches and radiomics: toward a new era of ultraprecision radioimmunotherapy? J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2022-004848. [PMID: 35793875 PMCID: PMC9260846 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-004848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Strong rationale and a growing number of preclinical and clinical studies support combining radiotherapy and immunotherapy to improve patient outcomes. However, several critical questions remain, such as the identification of patients who will benefit from immunotherapy and the identification of the best modalities of treatment to optimize patient response. Imaging biomarkers and radiomics have recently emerged as promising tools for the non-invasive assessment of the whole disease of the patient, allowing comprehensive analysis of the tumor microenvironment, the spatial heterogeneity of the disease and its temporal changes. This review presents the potential applications of medical imaging and the challenges to address, in order to help clinicians choose the optimal modalities of both radiotherapy and immunotherapy, to predict patient’s outcomes and to assess response to these promising combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Radiothérapie Moléculaire et Innovation Thérapeutique, Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, Inserm, Villejuif, France
| | - Théophraste Henry
- Radiothérapie Moléculaire et Innovation Thérapeutique, Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, Inserm, Villejuif, France.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Adrien Laville
- Radiothérapie Moléculaire et Innovation Thérapeutique, Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, Inserm, Villejuif, France
| | - Alexandre Carré
- Radiothérapie Moléculaire et Innovation Thérapeutique, Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, Inserm, Villejuif, France
| | - Anthony Hamaoui
- Radiothérapie Moléculaire et Innovation Thérapeutique, Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, Inserm, Villejuif, France
| | - Sophie Bockel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Radiothérapie Moléculaire et Innovation Thérapeutique, Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, Inserm, Villejuif, France
| | - Ines Chaffai
- Radiothérapie Moléculaire et Innovation Thérapeutique, Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, Inserm, Villejuif, France
| | - Antonin Levy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Radiothérapie Moléculaire et Innovation Thérapeutique, Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, Inserm, Villejuif, France
| | - Cyrus Chargari
- Radiothérapie Moléculaire et Innovation Thérapeutique, Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, Inserm, Villejuif, France.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Brachytherapy Unit, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Charlotte Robert
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Radiothérapie Moléculaire et Innovation Thérapeutique, Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, Inserm, Villejuif, France
| | - Eric Deutsch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France .,Radiothérapie Moléculaire et Innovation Thérapeutique, Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, Inserm, Villejuif, France.,INSERM U1030, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
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Manafi-Farid R, Ataeinia B, Ranjbar S, Jamshidi Araghi Z, Moradi MM, Pirich C, Beheshti M. ImmunoPET: Antibody-Based PET Imaging in Solid Tumors. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:916693. [PMID: 35836956 PMCID: PMC9273828 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.916693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immuno-positron emission tomography (immunoPET) is a molecular imaging modality combining the high sensitivity of PET with the specific targeting ability of monoclonal antibodies. Various radioimmunotracers have been successfully developed to target a broad spectrum of molecules expressed by malignant cells or tumor microenvironments. Only a few are translated into clinical studies and barely into clinical practices. Some drawbacks include slow radioimmunotracer kinetics, high physiologic uptake in lymphoid organs, and heterogeneous activity in tumoral lesions. Measures are taken to overcome the disadvantages, and new tracers are being developed. In this review, we aim to mention the fundamental components of immunoPET imaging, explore the groundbreaking success achieved using this new technique, and review different radioimmunotracers employed in various solid tumors to elaborate on this relatively new imaging modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyhaneh Manafi-Farid
- Research Center for Nuclear Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahar Ataeinia
- Department of Radiology, Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Shaghayegh Ranjbar
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Zahra Jamshidi Araghi
- Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mobin Moradi
- Research Center for Nuclear Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Christian Pirich
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Mohsen Beheshti
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- *Correspondence: Mohsen Beheshti ; orcid.org/0000-0003-3918-3812
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Alberti A, Lorini L, Ravanelli M, Perri F, Vinches M, Rondi P, Romani C, Bossi P. New Challenges in Evaluating Outcomes after Immunotherapy in Recurrent and/or Metastatic Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10060885. [PMID: 35746493 PMCID: PMC9228441 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10060885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In many recurrent and/or metastatic cancers, the advent of immunotherapy opens up new scenarios of treatment response, with new phenomena, such as pseudoprogression and hyperprogression. Because of this, different immune-related response criteria have been developed, and new therapeutic strategies adopted, such as treatment beyond progression. Moreover, the role of progression-free survival as a surrogate has been questioned, and new surrogate endpoint hypotheses have arisen. A proper understanding of radiological imaging, an assessment of the biological events triggered by therapy, and the clinical evolution of the lesions and of the patient performance status are all factors that should be considered to guide the oncologist’s treatment choice. The primary aim of this article is to discuss how all these concepts apply to recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients when treated with immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Alberti
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical & Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences & Public Health, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (A.A.); (L.L.)
| | - Luigi Lorini
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical & Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences & Public Health, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (A.A.); (L.L.)
| | - Marco Ravanelli
- Radiology Unit, Department of Medical & Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences & Public Health, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (M.R.); (P.R.)
| | - Francesco Perri
- Medical and Experimental Head and Neck Oncology Unit, INT IRCCS Foundation G Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Marie Vinches
- Medical Oncology Department, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 34090 Montpellier, France;
| | - Paolo Rondi
- Radiology Unit, Department of Medical & Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences & Public Health, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (M.R.); (P.R.)
| | - Chiara Romani
- Angelo Nocivelli Institute of Molecular Medicine, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Paolo Bossi
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical & Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences & Public Health, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (A.A.); (L.L.)
- Correspondence:
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Ridge NA, Rajkumar-Calkins A, Dudzinski SO, Kirschner AN, Newman NB. Radiopharmaceuticals as Novel Immune System Tracers. Adv Radiat Oncol 2022; 7:100936. [PMID: 36148374 PMCID: PMC9486425 DOI: 10.1016/j.adro.2022.100936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed the treatment paradigms for multiple cancers. However, ICI therapy often fails to generate measurable and sustained antitumor responses, and clinically meaningful benefits remain limited to a small proportion of overall patients. A major obstacle to development and effective application of novel therapeutic regimens is optimized patient selection and response assessment. Noninvasive imaging using novel immunoconjugate radiopharmaceuticals (immuno–positron emission tomography and immuno-single-photon emission computed tomography) can assess for expression of cell surface immune markers, such as programmed cell death protein ligand-1 (PD-L1), akin to a virtual biopsy. This emerging technology has the potential to provide clinicians with a quantitative, specific, real-time evaluation of immunologic responses relative to cancer burden in the body. We discuss the rationale for using noninvasive molecular imaging of the programmed cell death protein-1 and PD-L1 axis as a biomarker for immunotherapy and summarize the current status of preclinical and clinical studies examining PD-L1 immuno–positron emission tomography. The strategies described in this review provide insight for future clinical trials exploring the use of immune checkpoint imaging as a biomarker for both ICI and radiation therapy, and for the rational design of combinatorial therapeutic regimens.
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Xie J, El Rami F, Zhou K, Simonetta F, Chen Z, Zheng X, Chen M, Balakrishnan PB, Dai SY, Murty S, Alam IS, Baker J, Negrin RS, Gambhir SS, Rao J. Multiparameter Longitudinal Imaging of Immune Cell Activity in Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell and Checkpoint Blockade Therapies. ACS Cent Sci 2022; 8:590-602. [PMID: 35647285 PMCID: PMC9136971 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.2c00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Longitudinal multimodal imaging presents unique opportunities for noninvasive surveillance and prediction of treatment response to cancer immunotherapy. In this work we first designed a novel granzyme B activated self-assembly small molecule, G-SNAT, for the assessment of cytotoxic T lymphocyte mediated cancer cell killing. G-SNAT was found to specifically detect the activity of granzyme B within the cytotoxic granules of activated T cells and engaged cancer cells in vitro. In lymphoma tumor-bearing mice, the retention of cyanine 5 labeled G-SNAT-Cy5 correlated to CAR T cell mediated granzyme B exocytosis and tumor eradication. In colorectal tumor-bearing transgenic mice with hematopoietic cells expressing firefly luciferase, longitudinal bioluminescence and fluorescence imaging revealed that after combination treatment of anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4, the dynamics of immune cell trafficking, tumor infiltration, and cytotoxic activity predicted the therapeutic outcome before tumor shrinkage was evident. These results support further development of G-SNAT for imaging early immune response to checkpoint blockade and CAR T-cell therapy in patients and highlight the utility of multimodality imaging for improved mechanistic insights into cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghang Xie
- Department
of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Fadi El Rami
- Department
of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Kaixiang Zhou
- Department
of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Federico Simonetta
- Division
of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Zixin Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Bioengineering, and Department of Materials Science
& Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Xianchuang Zheng
- Department
of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Min Chen
- Department
of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Preethi B. Balakrishnan
- Department
of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Sheng-Yao Dai
- Department
of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Surya Murty
- Department
of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Bioengineering, and Department of Materials Science
& Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Israt S. Alam
- Department
of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jeanette Baker
- Division
of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Robert S. Negrin
- Division
of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Sanjiv S. Gambhir
- Department
of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Bioengineering, and Department of Materials Science
& Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jianghong Rao
- Department
of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Bioengineering, and Department of Materials Science
& Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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Lauwerys L, Smits E, Van den Wyngaert T, Elvas F. Radionuclide Imaging of Cytotoxic Immune Cell Responses to Anti-Cancer Immunotherapy. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051074. [PMID: 35625811 PMCID: PMC9139020 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is an evolving and promising cancer treatment that takes advantage of the body’s immune system to yield effective tumor elimination. Importantly, immunotherapy has changed the treatment landscape for many cancers, resulting in remarkable tumor responses and improvements in patient survival. However, despite impressive tumor effects and extended patient survival, only a small proportion of patients respond, and others can develop immune-related adverse events associated with these therapies, which are associated with considerable costs. Therefore, strategies to increase the proportion of patients gaining a benefit from these treatments and/or increasing the durability of immune-mediated tumor response are still urgently needed. Currently, measurement of blood or tissue biomarkers has demonstrated sampling limitations, due to intrinsic tumor heterogeneity and the latter being invasive. In addition, the unique response patterns of these therapies are not adequately captured by conventional imaging modalities. Consequently, non-invasive, sensitive, and quantitative molecular imaging techniques, such as positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) using specific radiotracers, have been increasingly used for longitudinal whole-body monitoring of immune responses. Immunotherapies rely on the effector function of CD8+ T cells and natural killer cells (NK) at tumor lesions; therefore, the monitoring of these cytotoxic immune cells is of value for therapy response assessment. Different immune cell targets have been investigated as surrogate markers of response to immunotherapy, which motivated the development of multiple imaging agents. In this review, the targets and radiotracers being investigated for monitoring the functional status of immune effector cells are summarized, and their use for imaging of immune-related responses are reviewed along their limitations and pitfalls, of which multiple have already been translated to the clinic. Finally, emerging effector immune cell imaging strategies and future directions are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Lauwerys
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp (MICA), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (L.L.); (T.V.d.W.)
| | - Evelien Smits
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium;
- Center for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Drie Eikenstraat 655, B-2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Tim Van den Wyngaert
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp (MICA), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (L.L.); (T.V.d.W.)
- Nuclear Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Drie Eikenstraat 655, B-2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Filipe Elvas
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp (MICA), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (L.L.); (T.V.d.W.)
- Correspondence:
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Arnouk S, De Groof TW, Van Ginderachter JA. Imaging and therapeutic targeting of the tumor immune microenvironment with biologics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 184:114239. [PMID: 35351469 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The important role of tumor microenvironmental elements in determining tumor progression and metastasis has been firmly established. In particular, the presence and activity profile of tumor-infiltrating immune cells may be associated with the outcome of the disease and may predict responsiveness to (immuno)therapy. Indeed, while some immune cell types, such as macrophages, support cancer cell outgrowth and mediate therapy resistance, the presence of activated CD8+ T cells is usually indicative of a better prognosis. It is therefore of the utmost interest to obtain a full picture of the immune infiltrate in tumors, either as a prognostic test, as a way to stratify patients to maximize therapeutic success, or as therapy follow-up. Hence, the non-invasive imaging of these cells is highly warranted, with biologics being prime candidates to achieve this goal.
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Hegi-Johnson F, Rudd S, Hicks RJ, De Ruysscher D, Trapani JA, John T, Donnelly P, Blyth B, Hanna G, Everitt S, Roselt P, MacManus MP. Imaging immunity in patients with cancer using positron emission tomography. NPJ Precis Oncol 2022; 6:24. [PMID: 35393508 PMCID: PMC8989882 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-022-00263-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors and related molecules can achieve tumour regression, and even prolonged survival, for a subset of cancer patients with an otherwise dire prognosis. However, it remains unclear why some patients respond to immunotherapy and others do not. PET imaging has the potential to characterise the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of both immunotherapy target molecules and the tumor immune microenvironment, suggesting a tantalising vision of personally-adapted immunomodulatory treatment regimens. Personalised combinations of immunotherapy with local therapies and other systemic therapies, would be informed by immune imaging and subsequently modified in accordance with therapeutically induced immune environmental changes. An ideal PET imaging biomarker would facilitate the choice of initial therapy and would permit sequential imaging in time-frames that could provide actionable information to guide subsequent therapy. Such imaging should provide either prognostic or predictive measures of responsiveness relevant to key immunotherapy types but, most importantly, guide key decisions on initiation, continuation, change or cessation of treatment to reduce the cost and morbidity of treatment while enhancing survival outcomes. We survey the current literature, focusing on clinically relevant immune checkpoint immunotherapies, for which novel PET tracers are being developed, and discuss what steps are needed to make this vision a reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Hegi-Johnson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stacey Rudd
- Department of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rodney J Hicks
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Dirk De Ruysscher
- Department of Radiation Oncology (Maastro), GROW School for Oncology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Joseph A Trapani
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Thomas John
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul Donnelly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Benjamin Blyth
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Gerard Hanna
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah Everitt
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter Roselt
- Department of Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael P MacManus
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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Yaros K, Eksi B, Chandra A, Agusala K, Lehmann LH, Zaha Vlad G. Cardio-oncology imaging tools at the translational interface. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022; 168:24-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Candiota AP, Arús C. Establishing Imaging Biomarkers of Host Immune System Efficacy during Glioblastoma Therapy Response: Challenges, Obstacles and Future Perspectives. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12030243. [PMID: 35323686 PMCID: PMC8950145 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12030243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This hypothesis proposal addresses three major questions: (1) Why do we need imaging biomarkers for assessing the efficacy of immune system participation in glioblastoma therapy response? (2) Why are they not available yet? and (3) How can we produce them? We summarize the literature data supporting the claim that the immune system is behind the efficacy of most successful glioblastoma therapies but, unfortunately, there are no current short-term imaging biomarkers of its activity. We also discuss how using an immunocompetent murine model of glioblastoma, allowing the cure of mice and the generation of immune memory, provides a suitable framework for glioblastoma therapy response biomarker studies. Both magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance-based metabolomic data (i.e., magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging) can provide non-invasive assessments of such a system. A predictor based in nosological images, generated from magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging analyses and their oscillatory patterns, should be translational to clinics. We also review hurdles that may explain why such an oscillatory biomarker was not reported in previous imaging glioblastoma work. Single shot explorations that neglect short-term oscillatory behavior derived from immune system attack on tumors may mislead actual response extent detection. Finally, we consider improvements required to properly predict immune system-mediated early response (1–2 weeks) to therapy. The sensible use of improved biomarkers may enable translatable evidence-based therapeutic protocols, with the possibility of extending preclinical results to human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Candiota
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Unitat de Bioquímica de Biociències, Edifici Cs, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Arús
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Unitat de Bioquímica de Biociències, Edifici Cs, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Goggi JL, Khanapur S, Ramasamy B, Hartimath SV, Rong TJ, Cheng P, Tan YX, Yeo XY, Jung S, Goay SSM, Ong ST, Hwang YY, Chandy KG, Robins EG. Imaging Kv1.3 Expressing Memory T Cells as a Marker of Immunotherapy Response. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:1217. [PMID: 35267526 PMCID: PMC8909107 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown great promise, emerging as a new pillar of treatment for cancer; however, only a relatively small proportion of recipients show a durable response to treatment. Strategies that reliably differentiate durably-responding tumours from non-responsive tumours are a critical unmet need. Persistent and durable immunological responses are associated with the generation of memory T cells. Effector memory T cells associated with tumour response to immune therapies are characterized by substantial upregulation of the potassium channel Kv1.3 after repeated antigen stimulation. We have developed a new Kv1.3 targeting radiopharmaceutical, [18F]AlF-NOTA-KCNA3P, and evaluated whether it can reliably differentiate tumours successfully responding to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy targeting PD-1 alone or combined with CLTA4. In a syngeneic colon cancer model, we compared tumour retention of [18F]AlF-NOTA-KCNA3P with changes in the tumour immune microenvironment determined by flow cytometry. Imaging with [18F]AlF-NOTA-KCNA3P reliably differentiated tumours responding to ICI therapy from non-responding tumours and was associated with substantial tumour infiltration of T cells, especially Kv1.3-expressing CD8+ effector memory T cells.
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Ng TSC, Allen HH, Rashidian M, Miller MA. Probing immune infiltration dynamics in cancer by in vivo imaging. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2022; 67:102117. [PMID: 35219177 PMCID: PMC9118268 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.102117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapies typically aim to stimulate the accumulation and activity of cytotoxic T-cells or pro-inflammatory antigen-presenting cells, reduce immunosuppressive myeloid cells or regulatory T-cells, or elicit some combination of effects thereof. Notwithstanding the encouraging results, immunotherapies such as PD-1/PD-L1-targeted immune checkpoint blockade act heterogeneously across individual patients. It remains challenging to predict and monitor individual responses, especially across multiple sites of metastasis or sites of potential toxicity. To address this need, in vivo imaging of both adaptive and innate immune cell populations has emerged as a tool to quantify spatial leukocyte accumulation in tumors non-invasively. Here we review recent progress in the translational development of probes for in vivo leukocyte imaging, focusing on complementary perspectives provided by imaging of T-cells, phagocytic macrophages, and their responses to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas S C Ng
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, 185 Cambridge St, Boston, MA 02114, United States; Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA 02114, United States
| | - Harris H Allen
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Mohammad Rashidian
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - Miles A Miller
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, 185 Cambridge St, Boston, MA 02114, United States; Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA 02114, United States.
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Napier TS, Hunter CL, Song PN, Larimer BM, Sorace AG. Preclinical PET Imaging of Granzyme B Shows Promotion of Immunological Response Following Combination Paclitaxel and Immune Checkpoint Inhibition in Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020440. [PMID: 35214172 PMCID: PMC8875418 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Advancements in monitoring and predicting of patient-specific response of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) to immunotherapy (IMT) with and without chemotherapy are needed. Using granzyme B-specific positron emission tomography (GZP-PET) imaging, we aimed to monitor changes in effector cell activation in response to IMT with chemotherapy in TNBC. TNBC mouse models received the paclitaxel (PTX) ± immune checkpoint inhibitors anti-programmed death 1 (anti-PD1) and anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte 4 (anti-CTLA4). GZP-PET imaging was performed on treatment days 0, 3, and 6. Mean standard uptake value (SUVmean), effector cell fractions, and SUV histograms were compared. Mice were sacrificed at early imaging timepoints for cytokine and histological analyses. GZP-PET imaging data revealed differences prior to tumor volume changes. By day six, responders had SUVmean ≥ 2.2-fold higher (p < 0.0037) and effector cell fractions ≥ 1.9-fold higher (p = 0.03) compared to non-responders. IMT/PTX resulted in a significantly different SUV distribution compared to control, indicating broader distribution of activated intratumoral T-cells. IMT/PTX resulted in significantly more necrotic tumor tissue and increased levels of IL-2, 4, and 12 compared to control. Results implicate immunogenic cell death through upregulation of key Th1/Th2 cytokines by IMT/PTX. Noninvasive PET imaging can provide data on the TNBC tumor microenvironment, specifically intratumoral effector cell activation, predicting response to IMT plus chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiara S. Napier
- Graduate Biomedical Sciences Cancer Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (T.S.N.); (C.L.H.); (P.N.S.)
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Chanelle L. Hunter
- Graduate Biomedical Sciences Cancer Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (T.S.N.); (C.L.H.); (P.N.S.)
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Patrick N. Song
- Graduate Biomedical Sciences Cancer Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (T.S.N.); (C.L.H.); (P.N.S.)
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Benjamin M. Larimer
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Anna G. Sorace
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(205)-934-3116, Fax: +1-(205)-975-6522
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Miyahira AK, Zarif JC, Coombs CC, Flavell RR, Russo JW, Zaidi S, Zhao D, Zhao SG, Pienta KJ, Soule HR. Prostate cancer research in the 21st century; report from the 2021 Coffey-Holden prostate cancer academy meeting. Prostate 2022; 82:169-181. [PMID: 34734426 PMCID: PMC8688282 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The 2021 Coffey-Holden Prostate Cancer Academy (CHPCA) Meeting, "Prostate Cancer Research in the 21st Century," was held virtually, from June 24-25, 2021. METHODS The CHPCA Meeting is organized by the Prostate Cancer Foundation as a unique discussion-oriented meeting focusing on critical topics in prostate cancer research envisioned to bridge the next major advances in prostate cancer biology and treatment. The 2021 CHPCA Meeting was virtually attended by 89 investigators and included 31 talks over nine sessions. RESULTS Major topic areas discussed at the meeting included: cancer genomics and sequencing, functional genomic approaches to studying mediators of plasticity, emerging signaling pathways in metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer, Wnt signaling biology and the challenges of targeted therapy, clonal hematopoiesis, neuroendocrine cell plasticity and antitumor immunity, cancer immunotherapy and its synergizers, and imaging the tumor microenvironment and metabolism. DISCUSSION This meeting report summarizes the research presented at the 2021 CHPCA Meeting. We hope that publication of this knowledge will accelerate new understandings and the development of new biomarkers and treatments for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jelani C. Zarif
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD
- Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Catherine C. Coombs
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Robert R. Flavell
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Joshua W. Russo
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Samir Zaidi
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Di Zhao
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Shuang G. Zhao
- Department of Human Oncology, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Kenneth J. Pienta
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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Gosmann D, Russelli L, Weber WA, Schwaiger M, Krackhardt AM, D'Alessandria C. Promise and challenges of clinical non-invasive T-cell tracking in the era of cancer immunotherapy. EJNMMI Res 2022; 12:5. [PMID: 35099641 PMCID: PMC8804060 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-022-00877-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, our understanding of the role of the immune system in cancer has significantly improved and led to the discovery of new immunotherapeutic targets and tools, which boosted the advances in cancer immunotherapy to fight a growing number of malignancies. Approved immunotherapeutic approaches are currently mainly based on immune checkpoint inhibitors, antibody-derived targeted therapies, or cell-based immunotherapies. In essence, these therapies induce or enhance the infiltration and function of tumor-reactive T cells within the tumors, ideally resulting in complete tumor eradication. While the clinical application of immunotherapies has shown great promise, these therapies are often accompanied either by a variety of side effects as well as partial or complete unresponsiveness of a number of patients. Since different stages of disease progression elicit different local and systemic immune responses, the ability to longitudinally interrogate the migration and expansion of immune cells, especially T cells, throughout the whole body might greatly facilitate disease characterization and understanding. Furthermore, it can serve as a tool to guide development as well as selection of appropriate treatment regiments. This review provides an overview about a variety of immune-imaging tools available to characterize and study T-cell responses induced by anti-cancer immunotherapy. Moreover, challenges are discussed that must be taken into account and overcome to use immune-imaging tools as predictive and surrogate markers to enhance assessment and successful application of immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Gosmann
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Lisa Russelli
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Nuklearmedizin, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang A Weber
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Nuklearmedizin, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Schwaiger
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Nuklearmedizin, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Angela M Krackhardt
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany. .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner-Site Munich and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Calogero D'Alessandria
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Nuklearmedizin, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
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Wu AM. Imaging the host response to cancer. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822960-6.00114-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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van Lith SAM, Raavé R. Targets in nuclear medicine imaging: Past, present and future. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822960-6.00069-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Armato SG, Nowak AK, Francis RJ, Katz SI, Kholmatov M, Blyth KG, Gudmundsson E, Kidd AC, Gill RR. Imaging in pleural mesothelioma: A review of the 15th International Conference of the International Mesothelioma Interest Group. Lung Cancer 2021; 164:76-83. [PMID: 35042132 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2021.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Imaging of mesothelioma plays a role in all aspects of patient management, including disease detection, staging, evaluation of treatment options, response assessment, pre-surgical evaluation, and surveillance. Imaging in this disease impacts a wide range of disciplines throughout the healthcare enterprise. Researchers and clinician-scientists are developing state-of-the-art techniques to extract more of the information contained within these medical images and to utilize it for more sophisticated tasks; moreover, image-acquisition technology is advancing the inherent capabilities of these images. This paper summarizes the imaging-based topics presented orally at the 2021 International Conference of the International Mesothelioma Interest Group (iMig), which was held virtually from May 7-9, 2021. These topics include an update on the mesothelioma staging system, novel molecular targets to guide therapy in mesothelioma, special considerations and potential pitfalls in imaging mesothelioma in the immunotherapy setting, tumor measurement strategies and their correlation with patient survival, tumor volume measurement in MRI and CT, CT-based texture analysis for differentiation of histologic subtype, diffusion-weighted MRI for the assessment of biphasic mesothelioma, and the prognostic significance of skeletal muscle loss with chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel G Armato
- Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Anna K Nowak
- Medical School and National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Institute for Respiratory Health, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Roslyn J Francis
- Medical School and National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sharyn I Katz
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Manizha Kholmatov
- Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kevin G Blyth
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Glasgow Pleural Disease Unit, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Andrew C Kidd
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Glasgow Pleural Disease Unit, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ritu R Gill
- Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Lahey Health, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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