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Ryan AT, Kim M, Lim K. Immune Cell Migration to Cancer. Cells 2024; 13:844. [PMID: 38786066 PMCID: PMC11120175 DOI: 10.3390/cells13100844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune cell migration is required for the development of an effective and robust immune response. This elegant process is regulated by both cellular and environmental factors, with variables such as immune cell state, anatomical location, and disease state that govern differences in migration patterns. In all cases, a major factor is the expression of cell surface receptors and their cognate ligands. Rapid adaptation to environmental conditions partly depends on intrinsic cellular immune factors that affect a cell's ability to adjust to new environment. In this review, we discuss both myeloid and lymphoid cells and outline key determinants that govern immune cell migration, including molecules required for immune cell adhesion, modes of migration, chemotaxis, and specific chemokine signaling. Furthermore, we summarize tumor-specific elements that contribute to immune cell trafficking to cancer, while also exploring microenvironment factors that can alter these cellular dynamics within the tumor in both a pro and antitumor fashion. Specifically, we highlight the importance of the secretome in these later aspects. This review considers a myriad of factors that impact immune cell trajectory in cancer. We aim to highlight the immunotherapeutic targets that can be harnessed to achieve controlled immune trafficking to and within tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison T. Ryan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (A.T.R.); (M.K.)
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Minsoo Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (A.T.R.); (M.K.)
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Kihong Lim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (A.T.R.); (M.K.)
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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Guan M, Liu S, Yang YG, Song Y, Zhang Y, Sun T. Chemokine systems in oncology: From microenvironment modulation to nanocarrier innovations. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131679. [PMID: 38641274 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, significant strides have been made in understanding the pivotal roles that chemokine networks play in tumor biology. These networks, comprising chemokines and their receptors, wield substantial influence over cancer immune regulation and therapeutic outcomes. As a result, targeting these chemokine systems has emerged as a promising avenue for cancer immunotherapy. However, therapies targeting chemokines face significant challenges in solid tumor treatment, due to the complex and fragile of the chemokine networks. A nuanced comprehension of the complicacy and functions of chemokine networks, and their impact on the tumor microenvironment, is essential for optimizing their therapeutic utility in oncology. This review elucidates the ways in which chemokine networks interact with cancer immunity and tumorigenesis. We particularly elaborate on recent innovations in manipulating these networks for cancer treatment. The review also highlights future challenges and explores potential biomaterial strategies for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Guan
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Institute of Immunology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China; National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China; Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Shuhan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Institute of Immunology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China; National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China; Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Yong-Guang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Institute of Immunology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China; National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China; International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Yanqiu Song
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
| | - Yuning Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Institute of Immunology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China; National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
| | - Tianmeng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Institute of Immunology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China; National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China; International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China; State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
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3
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Pei J, Gao Y, Wu A. An inflammation-related subtype classification for analyzing tumor microenvironment and clinical prognosis in colorectal cancer. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1369726. [PMID: 38742117 PMCID: PMC11089903 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1369726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The inflammatory response plays an essential role in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of colorectal cancer (CRC) by modulating tumor growth, progression, and response to therapy through the recruitment of immune cells, production of cytokines, and activation of signaling pathways. However, the molecular subtypes and risk score prognostic model based on inflammatory response remain to be further explored. Methods Inflammation-related genes were collected from the molecular signature database and molecular subtypes were identified using nonnegative matrix factorization based on the TCGA cohort. We compared the clinicopathological features, immune infiltration, somatic mutation profile, survival prognosis, and drug sensitivity between the subtypes. The risk score model was developed using LASSO and multivariate Cox regression in the TCGA cohort. The above results were independently validated in the GEO cohort. Moreover, we explored the biological functions of the hub gene, receptor interacting protein kinase 2 (RIPK2), leveraging proteomics data, in vivo, and in vitro experiments. Results We identified two inflammation-related subtypes (inflammation-low and inflammation-high) and have excellent internal consistency and stability. Inflammation-high subtype showed higher immune cell infiltration and increased sensitivity to common chemotherapeutic drugs, while inflammation-low subtype may be more suitable for immunotherapy. Besides, the two subtypes differ significantly in pathway enrichment and biological functions. In addition, the 11-gene signature prognostic model constructed from inflammation-related genes showed strong prognostic assessment power and could serve as a novel prognostic marker to predict the survival of CRC patients. Finally, RIPK2 plays a crucial role in promoting malignant proliferation of CRC cell validated by experiment. Conclusions This study provides new insights into the heterogeneity of CRC and provides novel opportunities for treatment development and clinical decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aiwen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Unit III, Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
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Pagani A, Duscher D, Geis S, Klein S, Knoedler L, Panayi AC, Oliinyk D, Felthaus O, Prantl L. The Triple Adipose-Derived Stem Cell Exosome Technology as a Potential Tool for Treating Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cells 2024; 13:614. [PMID: 38607053 PMCID: PMC11011929 DOI: 10.3390/cells13070614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular vesicles are pivotal mediators in intercellular communication, facilitating the exchange of biological information among healthy, pathological and tumor cells. Between the diverse subtypes of extracellular vesicles, exosomes have unique properties and clinical and therapeutical applications. Breast cancer ranks as one of the most prevalent malignancies across the globe. Both the tumor core and its surrounding microenvironment engage in a complex, orchestrated interaction that facilitates cancer's growth and spread. METHODS The most significant PubMed literature about extracellular vesicles and Adipose-Derived Stem Cell Exosomes and breast cancer was selected in order to report their biological properties and potential applications, in particular in treating triple-negative breast cancer. RESULTS Adipose-Derived Stem Cell Exosomes represent a potential tool in targeting triple-negative breast cancer cells at three main levels: the tumor core, the tumor microenvironment and surrounding tissues, including metastases. CONCLUSIONS The possibility of impacting triple-negative breast cancer cells with engineered Adipose-Derived Stem Cell Exosomes is real. The opportunity to translate our current in vitro analyses into a future in vivo scenario is even more challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pagani
- Department of Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany (S.K.); (O.F.); (L.P.)
| | - Dominik Duscher
- Department of Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany (S.K.); (O.F.); (L.P.)
| | - Sebastian Geis
- Department of Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany (S.K.); (O.F.); (L.P.)
| | - Silvan Klein
- Department of Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany (S.K.); (O.F.); (L.P.)
| | - Leonard Knoedler
- Department of Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany (S.K.); (O.F.); (L.P.)
| | - Adriana C. Panayi
- Department of Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, BG Klinik Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Ludwig-Guttmann-Straße 13, 67071 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Dmytro Oliinyk
- Department of Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany (S.K.); (O.F.); (L.P.)
| | - Oliver Felthaus
- Department of Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany (S.K.); (O.F.); (L.P.)
| | - Lukas Prantl
- Department of Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany (S.K.); (O.F.); (L.P.)
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Casagrande N, Borghese C, Corona G, Aldinucci D. In ovarian cancer maraviroc potentiates the antitumoral activity and further inhibits the formation of a tumor-promoting microenvironment by trabectedin. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 172:116296. [PMID: 38382330 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the fifth most frequent cause of cancer-related death in women. Chemotherapy agent trabectedin, affecting cancer cells and tumor microenvironment, has been approved for the treatment of relapsed platinum-sensitive OC patients. CCR5-antagonist maraviroc inhibits tumor growth, metastasis, and enhances the antitumoral activity of DNA-damaging drugs. Here, we found that OC cells expressed CCR5 receptor but did not secret CCR5-ligands. Maraviroc treatment did not affect OC cell viability, but strongly potentiated the antiproliferative activity, apoptosis induction, cell cycle blockage, DNA damage, and ROS formation by trabectedin. In A2780cis cisplatin-resistant cells, the cross-resistance to trabectedin was overcame by the combination with maraviroc. Maraviroc enhanced trabectedin cytotoxicity in OC 3Dimensional spheroids and THP-1-monocytes. Both maraviroc and trabectedin interact with drug efflux pump MDR1/P-gp, overexpressed in recurrent OC patients. Maraviroc increased trabectedin intracellular accumulation and the MDR1-inhibitor verapamil, like maraviroc, increased trabectedin cytotoxicity. In OC tumor xenografts the combination with maraviroc further reduced tumor growth, angiogenesis, and monocyte infiltration by trabectedin. In conclusion, this study offers a preclinical rationale for the use of maraviroc as new option to improve trabectedin activity in relapsed chemoresistant OC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naike Casagrande
- Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, PN 33081, Italy.
| | - Cinzia Borghese
- Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, PN 33081, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Corona
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, PN 33081, Italy
| | - Donatella Aldinucci
- Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, PN 33081, Italy
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Chen L, Xu G, Song X, Zhang L, Chen C, Xiang G, Wang S, Zhang Z, Wu F, Yang X, Zhang L, Ma X, Yu J. A novel antagonist of the CCL5/CCR5 axis suppresses the tumor growth and metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer by CCR5-YAP1 regulation. Cancer Lett 2024; 583:216635. [PMID: 38237887 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer (BC) with a high mortality rate, and few effective therapeutic strategies are available. CCL5/CCR5 is an appealing immunotherapeutic target for TNBC. However, its signaling mechanism is poorly understood and its direct antagonists have not been reported. Here, we developed a high-throughput screening (HTS) assay for discovering its antagonists. Verteporfin was identified as a more selective and potent antagonist than the known CCR5 antagonist maraviroc. Without photodynamic therapy, verteporfin demonstrated significant inhibition on TNBC tumor growth through immune regulation, remarkable suppression of lung metastasis by cell-intrinsic mechanism, and a significant extension of overall survival in vivo. Mechanistically, CCR5 was found to be essential for expression of the key hippo effector YAP1. It promoted YAP1 transcription via HIF-1α and exerted further control over the migration of CD8+ T, NK, and MDSC immune cells through chemokines CXCL16 and CXCL8 which were identified from RNA-seq. Moreover, the CCR5-YAP1 axis played a vital role in promoting metastasis by modulating β-catenin and core epithelial-mesenchymal transition transcription factors ZEB1 and ZEB2. It is noteworthy that the regulatory relationship between CCR5 and YAP1 was observed across various BC subtypes, TNBC patients, and showed potential relevance in fifteen additional cancer types. Overall, this study introduced an easy-to-use HTS assay that streamlines the discovery of CCL5/CCR5 axis antagonists. Verteporfin was identified as a specific molecular probe of this axis with great potentials as a therapeutic agent for treating sixteen malignant diseases characterized by heightened CCR5 and YAP1 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Chen
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Guiying Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun, 130000, Jilin, China
| | - Xiaoxu Song
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Lianbo Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun, 130000, Jilin, China
| | - Chuyu Chen
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Gang Xiang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Shuxuan Wang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zijian Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Fang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xuanming Yang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiaojing Ma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| | - Jing Yu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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Ellwanger JH, Chies JAB. Toxicogenomics of the C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5): Exploring the potential impacts of chemical-CCR5 interactions on inflammation and human health. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 186:114511. [PMID: 38360389 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
This article explores the impact of environmental chemicals on CCR5 expression and related inflammatory responses based on curated data from the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD). A total of 143 CCR5-interacting chemicals was found, with 229 chemical interactions. Of note, 67 (29.3%) out of 229 interactions resulted in "increased expression" of CCR5 mRNA or CCR5 protein, and 42 (18.3%) chemical interactions resulted in "decreased expression". The top-5 CCR5-interacting chemicals were "Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin", "Lipopolysaccharides", "Benzo(a)pyrene", "Drugs, Chinese Herbal", and "Ethinyl Estradiol". Based on the number of interactions and importance as environmental contaminant, we then focused our analysis on Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin and Benzo(a)pyrene. There is some consistency in the data supporting an increase in CCR5 expression triggered by Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin; although data concerning CCR5-Benzo(a)pyrene interactions is limited. Considering the high linkage disequilibrium between CCR5 and CCR2 genes, we also search for chemicals that interact with both genes, which resulted in 72 interacting chemicals, representing 50.3% of the 143 CCR5-interacting chemicals and 37.5% of the 192 CCR2-interacting chemicals. In conclusion, CTD data showed that environmental contaminants indeed affect CCR5 expression, with a tendency towards increased expression. The interaction of environmental contaminants with other chemokine receptor genes may potentialize their toxic effects on the chemokine system, favoring inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Henrique Ellwanger
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Immunogenetics, Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology (PPGBM), Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 91501-970, Brazil.
| | - José Artur Bogo Chies
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Immunogenetics, Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology (PPGBM), Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 91501-970, Brazil
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Lin X, Wang Y, Fang K, Guo Z, Lin N, Li L. The application of nanoparticles in theranostic systems targeting breast cancer stem cells: current progress and future challenges. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:356. [PMID: 38072976 PMCID: PMC10712155 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03584-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is one of the diseases with the highest female mortality rates in the world and is closely related to breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs). Conventional breast cancer chemotherapy drugs target noncancer stem cells (non-CSCs), while cancer stem cells (CSCs) can still survive, which is an important reason for breast cancer drug resistance and local recurrence or distant metastasis. How to eradicate BCSCs while killing BCs is the key factor to improve the effect, and it is also an important scientific problem to be solved urgently. Therefore, targeted BCSC therapy has become a research hotspot. Interestingly, the emergence of nanotechnology provides a new idea for targeting BCSCs. This study summarizes the current application status of nanomaterials in targeting BCSCs, and attempts to construct a new type of lipid nanoparticle (LNP) that can target BCSCs through mRNA, providing a new idea for the treatment of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Lin
- Oncology Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214062, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Oncology Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214062, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kai Fang
- Oncology Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214062, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zijian Guo
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214062, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nan Lin
- Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, 250000, China
| | - Lihua Li
- Oncology Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214062, Jiangsu, China.
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Wei L, Bai Y, Na L, Sun Y, Zhao C, Wang W. E2F3 induces DNA damage repair, stem-like properties and therapy resistance in breast cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166816. [PMID: 37499929 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Therapy resistance is a major hurdle to the treatment of human malignant tumors. Both DNA damage repair and stem-like properties contribute to chemoresistance and radioresistance. E2F transcription factor 3 (E2F3) is overexpressed in breast cancer tissues, and promotes proliferation of breast cancer cells. Higher E2F3 level is associated with shorter survival of breast cancer patients. Functional studies further showed that E2F3 promotes S-phage entry, DNA replication, DNA damage repair and stem-like properties. Accordingly, E2F3 knockdown sensitizes breast cancer cells to DNA-damaging agents Adriamycin, Cisplatin, Olaparib and X-ray. Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) is a downstream molecule of E2F3 signaling, mediating the effects of E2F3 on breast cancer cells. In an m6A methyltransferase METTL14-dependent manner, YTH RNA binding protein F2 (YTHDF2) increase E2F3 mRNA stability and expression, promotes DNA damage repair and induces therapy resistance. These data demonstrate that YTHDF2-E2F3 pathway is a novel target to overcome chemoresistance and radioresistance in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Wei
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu Bai
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lei Na
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chenghai Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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10
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Zhang XF, Zhang XL, Wang YJ, Fang Y, Li ML, Liu XY, Luo HY, Tian Y. The regulatory network of the chemokine CCL5 in colorectal cancer. Ann Med 2023; 55:2205168. [PMID: 37141250 PMCID: PMC10161960 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2023.2205168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemokine CCL5 plays a potential role in the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer (CRC). Previous studies have shown that CCL5 directly acts on tumor cells to change tumor metastatic rates. In addition, CCL5 recruits immune cells and immunosuppressive cells into the tumor microenvironment (TME) and reshapes the TME to adapt to tumor growth or increase antitumor immune efficacy, depending on the type of secretory cells releasing CCL5, the cellular function of CCL5 recruitment, and the underlying mechanisms. However, at present, research on the role played by CCL5 in the occurrence and development of CRC is still limited, and whether CCL5 promotes the occurrence and development of CRC and its role remain controversial. This paper discusses the cells recruited by CCL5 in patients with CRC and the specific mechanism of this recruitment, as well as recent clinical studies of CCL5 in patients with CRC.Key MessagesCCL5 plays dual roles in colorectal cancer progression.CCL5 remodels the tumor microenvironment to adapt to colorectal cancer tumor growth by recruiting immunosuppressive cells or by direct action.CCL5 inhibits colorectal cancer tumor growth by recruiting immune cells or by direct action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Feng Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiao-Li Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ya-Jing Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Third Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- Organ Transplant Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Meng-Li Li
- Honghui Hospital affiliated to Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Xing-Yu Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Hua-You Luo
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yan Tian
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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11
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Hamid R, Alaziz M, Mahal AS, Ashton AW, Halama N, Jaeger D, Jiao X, Pestell RG. The Role and Therapeutic Targeting of CCR5 in Breast Cancer. Cells 2023; 12:2237. [PMID: 37759462 PMCID: PMC10526962 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The G-protein-coupled receptor C-C chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) functions as a co-receptor for the entry of HIV into immune cells. CCR5 binds promiscuously to a diverse array of ligands initiating cell signaling that includes guided migration. Although well known to be expressed on immune cells, recent studies have shown the induction of CCR5 on the surface of breast cancer epithelial cells. The function of CCR5 on breast cancer epithelial cells includes the induction of aberrant cell survival signaling and tropism towards chemo attractants. As CCR5 is not expressed on normal epithelium, the receptor provides a potential useful target for therapy. Inhibitors of CCR5 (CCR5i), either small molecules (maraviroc, vicriviroc) or humanized monoclonal antibodies (leronlimab) have shown anti-tumor and anti-metastatic properties in preclinical studies. In early clinical studies, reviewed herein, CCR5i have shown promising results and evidence for effects on both the tumor and the anti-tumor immune response. Current clinical studies have therefore included combination therapy approaches with checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Hamid
- Xavier University School of Medicine, Oranjestad, Aruba (A.S.M.)
| | - Mustafa Alaziz
- Xavier University School of Medicine, Oranjestad, Aruba (A.S.M.)
| | | | - Anthony W. Ashton
- Xavier University School of Medicine, Oranjestad, Aruba (A.S.M.)
- Lightseed Inc., Wynnewood, PA 19096, USA
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research Philadelphia, Wynnewood, PA 19096, USA
| | - Niels Halama
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (N.H.); (D.J.)
- Department of Translational Immunotherapy, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dirk Jaeger
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (N.H.); (D.J.)
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor-Immunity, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Xuanmao Jiao
- Xavier University School of Medicine, Oranjestad, Aruba (A.S.M.)
- Lightseed Inc., Wynnewood, PA 19096, USA
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Wynnewood, PA 19096, USA
| | - Richard G. Pestell
- Xavier University School of Medicine, Oranjestad, Aruba (A.S.M.)
- Lightseed Inc., Wynnewood, PA 19096, USA
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Wynnewood, PA 19096, USA
- The Wistar Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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12
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Zhao Y, Guo R, Cao X, Zhang Y, Sun R, Lu W, Zhao M. Role of chemokines in T-cell acute lymphoblastic Leukemia: From pathogenesis to therapeutic options. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 121:110396. [PMID: 37295031 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is a highly heterogeneous and aggressive subtype of hematologic malignancy, with limited therapeutic options due to the complexity of its pathogenesis. Although high-dose chemotherapy and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation have improved outcomes for T-ALL patients, there remains an urgent need for novel treatments in cases of refractory or relapsed disease. Recent research has demonstrated the potential of targeted therapies aimed at specific molecular pathways to improve patient outcomes. Chemokine-related signals, both upstream and downstream, modulate the composition of distinct tumor microenvironments, thereby regulating a multitude of intricate cellular processes such as proliferation, migration, invasion and homing. Furthermore, the progress in research has made significant contributions to precision medicine by targeting chemokine-related pathways. This review article summarizes the crucial roles of chemokines and their receptors in T-ALL pathogenesis. Moreover, it explores the advantages and disadvantages of current and potential therapeutic options that target chemokine axes, including small molecule antagonists, monoclonal antibodies, and chimeric antigen receptor T-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- YiFan Zhao
- First Center Clinic College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - RuiTing Guo
- First Center Clinic College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - XinPing Cao
- First Center Clinic College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- First Center Clinic College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Rui Sun
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - WenYi Lu
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - MingFeng Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300192, China.
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13
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Mutka M, Joensuu K, Heiskala M, Eray M, Heikkilä P. Core needle biopsies alter the amounts of CCR5, Siglec-15, and PD-L1 positivities in breast carcinoma. Virchows Arch 2023; 483:215-224. [PMID: 37222841 PMCID: PMC10412655 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-023-03563-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Core needle biopsies (CNB) are widely used to diagnose breast cancer, but the procedure is invasive and thus, it changes the tumor microenvironment. The purpose of this study is to see how the expression of three potentially anti-inflammatory molecules, namely, programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin-15 (Siglec-15), and C-C chemokine receptor-5 (CCR-5), are expressed in CNB and surgical resection specimens (SRS). To do this, we compared the amounts of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and the levels of CCR5, Siglec-15, and PD-L1 in tumor cells and inflammatory cells as assessed by immunohistochemistry in CNB and the corresponding SRS of 22 invasive breast carcinomas of no special type and 22 invasive lobular carcinomas. The Siglec-15 H-score was higher in tumor cells in the SRS than in the CNB groups. There was no change in tumor cells CCR5 or PD-L1 between CNB and SRS. The positive inflammatory cell numbers for all markers rose between CNB and SRS, as did the amount of Tils. Furthermore, higher grade tumors and tumors with a high proliferation rate had more inflammatory cells that were positive for the markers and also more PD-L1+ tumor cells. Although changes in inflammatory cells can partly be attributed to the larger sample size of operation specimens, the differences also mirror a true change in the tumor microenvironment. The changes in inflammatory cells could be partly due to the need to restrict excess inflammation at the site of the biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna Mutka
- Department of Pathology, HUSLAB, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, FIN-00290, Helsinki, Finland.
| | | | | | - Mine Eray
- Department of Pathology, HUSLAB, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, FIN-00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivi Heikkilä
- Department of Pathology, HUSLAB, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, FIN-00290, Helsinki, Finland
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14
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Schmassmann P, Roux J, Buck A, Tatari N, Hogan S, Wang J, Rodrigues Mantuano N, Wieboldt R, Lee S, Snijder B, Kaymak D, Martins TA, Ritz MF, Shekarian T, McDaid M, Weller M, Weiss T, Läubli H, Hutter G. Targeting the Siglec-sialic acid axis promotes antitumor immune responses in preclinical models of glioblastoma. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eadf5302. [PMID: 37467314 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adf5302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive form of primary brain tumor, for which effective therapies are urgently needed. Cancer cells are capable of evading clearance by phagocytes such as microglia- and monocyte-derived cells through engaging tolerogenic programs. Here, we found that high expression of sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin 9 (Siglec-9) correlates with reduced survival in patients with GBM. Using microglia- and monocyte-derived cell-specific knockouts of Siglec-E, the murine functional homolog of Siglec-9, together with single-cell RNA sequencing, we demonstrated that Siglec-E inhibits phagocytosis by these cells, thereby promoting immune evasion. Loss of Siglec-E on monocyte-derived cells further enhanced antigen cross-presentation and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which resulted in more efficient T cell priming. This bridging of innate and adaptive responses delayed tumor growth and resulted in prolonged survival in murine models of GBM. Furthermore, we showed the combinatorial activity of Siglec-E blockade and other immunotherapies demonstrating the potential for targeting Siglec-9 as a treatment for patients with GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Schmassmann
- Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Lab, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital and University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Julien Roux
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital and University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alicia Buck
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital and University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nazanin Tatari
- Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Lab, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital and University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sabrina Hogan
- Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Lab, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital and University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jinyu Wang
- Cancer Immunotherapy Lab, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital and University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Natalia Rodrigues Mantuano
- Cancer Immunotherapy Lab, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital and University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ronja Wieboldt
- Cancer Immunotherapy Lab, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital and University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sohyon Lee
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, 8049 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Berend Snijder
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, 8049 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Deniz Kaymak
- Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Lab, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital and University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tomás A Martins
- Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Lab, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital and University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Françoise Ritz
- Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Lab, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital and University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tala Shekarian
- Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Lab, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital and University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marta McDaid
- Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Lab, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital and University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Weller
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital and University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Weiss
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital and University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Heinz Läubli
- Cancer Immunotherapy Lab, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital and University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Division of Oncology, Department of Theragnostics, University Hospital of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gregor Hutter
- Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Lab, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital and University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
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15
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Li Z, Jiao X, Robertson AG, Di Sante G, Ashton AW, DiRocco A, Wang M, Zhao J, Addya S, Wang C, McCue PA, South AP, Cordon-Cardo C, Liu R, Patel K, Hamid R, Parmar J, DuHadaway JB, Jones SJM, Casimiro MC, Schultz N, Kossenkov A, Phoon LY, Chen H, Lan L, Sun Y, Iczkowski KA, Rui H, Pestell RG. The DACH1 gene is frequently deleted in prostate cancer, restrains prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, decreases DNA damage repair, and predicts therapy responses. Oncogene 2023; 42:1857-1873. [PMID: 37095257 PMCID: PMC10238272 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02668-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa), the second leading cause of death in American men, includes distinct genetic subtypes with distinct therapeutic vulnerabilities. The DACH1 gene encodes a winged helix/Forkhead DNA-binding protein that competes for binding to FOXM1 sites. Herein, DACH1 gene deletion within the 13q21.31-q21.33 region occurs in up to 18% of human PCa and was associated with increased AR activity and poor prognosis. In prostate OncoMice, prostate-specific deletion of the Dach1 gene enhanced prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), and was associated with increased TGFβ activity and DNA damage. Reduced Dach1 increased DNA damage in response to genotoxic stresses. DACH1 was recruited to sites of DNA damage, augmenting recruitment of Ku70/Ku80. Reduced Dach1 expression was associated with increased homology directed repair and resistance to PARP inhibitors and TGFβ kinase inhibitors. Reduced Dach1 expression may define a subclass of PCa that warrants specific therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiping Li
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA, 18902, USA
| | - Xuanmao Jiao
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA, 18902, USA
| | - A Gordon Robertson
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, VSZ 4S6, Canada
- Dxige Research, Courtenay, BC, V9N 1C2, Canada
| | - Gabriele Di Sante
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA, 18902, USA
| | - Anthony W Ashton
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA, 18902, USA
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, 100 East Lancaster Avenue, Wynnewood, PA, 19096, USA
- Division of Perinatal Research, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, NSW, 2065, Australia
- Sydney Medical School Northern, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Agnese DiRocco
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA, 18902, USA
| | - Min Wang
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA, 18902, USA
| | - Jun Zhao
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA, 18902, USA
| | - Sankar Addya
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Bluemle Life Sciences Building, 233 South 10th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Chenguang Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Bluemle Life Sciences Building, 233 South 10th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Peter A McCue
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Bluemle Life Sciences Building, 233 South 10th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Andrew P South
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Bluemle Life Sciences Building, 233 South 10th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Carlos Cordon-Cardo
- Department of Pathology, Mt. Sinai, Hospital, 1468 Madison Ave., Floor 15, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Runzhi Liu
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA, 18902, USA
| | - Kishan Patel
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA, 18902, USA
| | - Rasha Hamid
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA, 18902, USA
| | - Jorim Parmar
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA, 18902, USA
| | - James B DuHadaway
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, 100 East Lancaster Avenue, Wynnewood, PA, 19096, USA
| | - Steven J M Jones
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, VSZ 4S6, Canada
| | - Mathew C Casimiro
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA, 18902, USA
- Abraham Baldwin Agricultural College, Department of Science and Mathematics, Box 15, 2802 Moore Highway, Tifton, GA, 31794, USA
| | - Nikolaus Schultz
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew Kossenkov
- Center for Systems and Computational Biology, The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce St., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Lai Yee Phoon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Li Lan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Yunguang Sun
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | | | - Hallgeir Rui
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Richard G Pestell
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA, 18902, USA.
- The Wistar Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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16
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Panizza E, Regalado BD, Wang F, Nakano I, Vacanti NM, Cerione RA, Antonyak MA. Proteomic analysis reveals microvesicles containing NAMPT as mediators of radioresistance in glioma. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202201680. [PMID: 37037593 PMCID: PMC10087103 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-initiating cells contained within the aggressive brain tumor glioma (glioma stem cells, GSCs) promote radioresistance and disease recurrence. However, mechanisms of resistance are not well understood. Herein, we show that the proteome-level regulation occurring upon radiation treatment of several patient-derived GSC lines predicts their resistance status, whereas glioma transcriptional subtypes do not. We identify a mechanism of radioresistance mediated by the transfer of the metabolic enzyme NAMPT to radiosensitive cells through microvesicles (NAMPT-high MVs) shed by resistant GSCs. NAMPT-high MVs rescue the proliferation of radiosensitive GSCs and fibroblasts upon irradiation, and upon treatment with a radiomimetic drug or low serum, and increase intracellular NAD(H) levels. Finally, we show that the presence of NAMPT within the MVs and its enzymatic activity in recipient cells are necessary to mediate these effects. Collectively, we demonstrate that the proteome of GSCs provides unique information as it predicts the ability of glioma to resist radiation treatment. Furthermore, we establish NAMPT transfer via MVs as a mechanism for rescuing the proliferation of radiosensitive cells upon irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Panizza
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - Fangyu Wang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Ichiro Nakano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Institute Hokuto Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | | | - Richard A Cerione
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Marc A Antonyak
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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17
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Krishnan V. The RUNX Family of Proteins, DNA Repair, and Cancer. Cells 2023; 12:cells12081106. [PMID: 37190015 DOI: 10.3390/cells12081106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The RUNX family of transcription factors, including RUNX1, RUNX2, and RUNX3, are key regulators of development and can function as either tumor suppressors or oncogenes in cancer. Emerging evidence suggests that the dysregulation of RUNX genes can promote genomic instability in both leukemia and solid cancers by impairing DNA repair mechanisms. RUNX proteins control the cellular response to DNA damage by regulating the p53, Fanconi anemia, and oxidative stress repair pathways through transcriptional or non-transcriptional mechanisms. This review highlights the importance of RUNX-dependent DNA repair regulation in human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaidehi Krishnan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
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18
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Xu J, Shi Q, Lou J, Wang B, Wang W, Niu J, Guo L, Chen C, Yu Y, Huang Y, Guo W, Lan J, Zhu Y, Ren T, Tang X. Chordoma recruits and polarizes tumor-associated macrophages via secreting CCL5 to promote malignant progression. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:jitc-2023-006808. [PMID: 37185233 PMCID: PMC10151997 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-006808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chordoma is an extremely rare, locally aggressive malignant bone tumor originating from undifferentiated embryonic remnants. There are no effective therapeutic strategies for chordoma. Herein, we aimed to explore cellular interactions within the chordoma immune microenvironment and provide new therapeutic targets. METHODS Spectrum flow cytometry and multiplex immunofluorescence (IF) staining were used to investigate the immune microenvironment of chordoma. Cell Counting Kit-8, Edu, clone formation, Transwell, and healing assays were used to validate tumor functions. Flow cytometry and Transwell assays were used to analyze macrophage phenotype and chemotaxis alterations. Immunohistochemistry, IF, western blot, PCR, and ELISA assays were used to analyze molecular expression. An organoid model and a xenograft mouse model were constructed to investigate the efficacy of maraviroc (MVC). RESULTS The chordoma immune microenvironment landscape was characterized, and we observed that chordoma exhibits a typical immune exclusion phenotype. However, macrophages infiltrating the tumor zone were also noted. Through functional assays, we demonstrated that chordoma-secreted CCL5 significantly promoted malignancy progression, macrophage recruitment, and M2 polarization. In turn, M2 macrophages markedly enhanced the proliferation, invasion, and migration viability of chordoma. CCL5 knockdown and MVC (CCL5/CCR5 inhibitor) treatment both significantly inhibited chordoma malignant progression and M2 macrophage polarization. We established chordoma patient-derived organoids, wherein MVC exhibited antitumor effects, especially in patient 4, with robust killing effect. MVC inhibits chordoma growth and lung metastasis in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our study implicates that the CCL5-CCR5 axis plays an important role in the malignant progression of chordoma and the regulation of macrophages, and that the CCL5-CCR5 axis is a potential therapeutic target in chordoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuhui Xu
- Department of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Beijing, China
| | - Qianyu Shi
- Department of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Beijing, China
| | - Jingbing Lou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Beijing, China
| | - Boyang Wang
- Department of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Beijing, China
| | - Jianfang Niu
- Department of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Guo
- Department of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Beijing, China
| | - Chenglong Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Beijing, China
- Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Yiyang Yu
- Department of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Beijing, China
| | - Jianqiang Lan
- Accurate International Biotechnology Co Ltd, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Accurate International Biotechnology Co Ltd, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tingting Ren
- Department of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodong Tang
- Department of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Beijing, China
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19
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Jiang F, Jiang S, Cao D, Mao M, Xiang Y. Immunologic Signatures across Molecular Subtypes and Potential Biomarkers for Sub-Stratification in Endometrial Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021791. [PMID: 36675305 PMCID: PMC9861911 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Current molecular classification approaches for endometrial cancer (EC) often employ multiple testing platforms. Some subtypes still lack univocal prognostic significance, highlighting the need for risk sub-stratification. The tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) is associated with tumor progression and prognosis. We sought to investigate the feasibility of classifying EC via DNA sequencing and interrogate immunologic signatures and prognostic markers across and within subtypes, respectively. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedding (FFPE) samples from 50 EC patients underwent targeted DNA and RNA sequencing, and multiplex immunofluorescence assay for TIME. DNA sequencing classified 10%, 20%, 52%, and 18% of patients into the subtype of POLE-mutant, microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H), TP53-wt, and TP53-mutant. POLE-mutant tumors expressed the highest T-effector and IFN-γ signature and the lowest innate anti-PD-1 resistance signature among subtypes. TP53-wt revealed a converse enrichment trend for these immunologic signatures. Survival analyses using the Cancer Genome Atlas Uterine Corpus Endometrial Carcinoma (TCGA-UCEC) dataset identified associations of CCR5 (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.71, p = 0.035), TNFRSF14 (HR = 0.58, p = 0.028), and IL-10 (HR = 2.5, p = 0.012) with overall survival within MSI-H, TP53-mutant, and TP53-wt subtype, respectively. A TIME comparison between the sub-stratified subgroups of our cohort revealed upregulated tumor infiltration of immune cells in the low-risk subgroups. Our study demonstrates that targeted DNA sequencing is an effective one-stop strategy to classify EC. Immunomodulatory genes may serve as prognostic markers within subtypes.
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20
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Li Z, Jiao X, Robertson AG, Sante GD, Ashton AW, DiRocco A, Wang M, Zhao J, Addya S, Wang C, McCue PA, South AP, Cordon-Cardo C, Liu R, Patel K, Hamid R, Parmar J, DuHadaway JB, Jones SJ, Casimiro MC, Schultz N, Kossenkov A, Phoon LY, Chen H, Lan L, Sun Y, Iczkowski KA, Rui H, Pestell RG. The DACH1 gene is frequently deleted in prostate cancer, restrains prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, decreases DNA damage repair, and predicts therapy responses. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2423179. [PMID: 36712010 PMCID: PMC9882663 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2423179/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa), the second leading cause of death in American men, includes distinct genetic subtypes with distinct therapeutic vulnerabilities. The DACH1 gene encodes a winged helix/Forkhead DNA-binding protein that competes for binding to FOXM1 sites. Herein, DACH1 gene deletion within the 13q21.31-q21.33 region occurs in up to 18% of human PCa and was associated with increased AR activity and poor prognosis. In prostate OncoMice, prostate-specific deletion of the Dach1 gene enhanced prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), and was associated with increased TGFb activity and DNA damage. Reduced Dach1 increased DNA damage in response to genotoxic stresses. DACH1 was recruited to sites of DNA damage, augmenting recruitment of Ku70/Ku80. Reduced Dach1 expression was associated with increased homology directed repair and resistance to PARP inhibitors and TGFb kinase inhibitors. Reduced Dach1 expression may define a subclass of PCa that warrants specific therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiping Li
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA, 18902 Pennsylvania
| | - Xuanmao Jiao
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA, 18902 Pennsylvania
| | - A. Gordon Robertson
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC VSZ 4S6, Canada
| | - Gabriele Di Sante
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA, 18902 Pennsylvania
| | - Anthony W. Ashton
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA, 18902 Pennsylvania
- Division of Perinatal Research, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, NSW, 2065, Australia; Sydney Medical School Northern, University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, 100 East Lancaster Avenue, Wynnewood, PA 19096
| | - Agnese DiRocco
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA, 18902 Pennsylvania
| | - Min Wang
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA, 18902 Pennsylvania
| | - Jun Zhao
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA, 18902 Pennsylvania
| | - Sankar Addya
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Bluemle Life Sciences Building, 233 South 10 Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Chenguang Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Bluemle Life Sciences Building, 233 South 10 Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Peter A. McCue
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Bluemle Life Sciences Building, 233 South 10 Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Andrew P. South
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Bluemle Life Sciences Building, 233 South 10 Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Carlos Cordon-Cardo
- Department of Pathology, Mt. Sinai, Hospital, 1468 Madison Ave., Floor 15, New York, NY, 10029
| | - Runzhi Liu
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA, 18902 Pennsylvania
| | - Kishan Patel
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA, 18902 Pennsylvania
| | - Rasha Hamid
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA, 18902 Pennsylvania
| | - Jorim Parmar
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA, 18902 Pennsylvania
| | - James B. DuHadaway
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, 100 East Lancaster Avenue, Wynnewood, PA 19096
| | - Steven J. Jones
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC VSZ 4S6, Canada
| | - Mathew C. Casimiro
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA, 18902 Pennsylvania
- Abraham Baldwin Agricultural College, Department of Science and Mathematics, Box 15, 2802 Moore Highway, Tifton, GA, 31794
| | - Nikolaus Schultz
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Andrew Kossenkov
- Center for Systems and Computational Biology, The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce St., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lai Yee Phoon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA, and Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA, and Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Li Lan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA, and Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Yunguang Sun
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | | | - Hallgeir Rui
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Richard G. Pestell
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA, 18902 Pennsylvania
- The Wistar Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19107
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21
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Ellwanger JH, Kulmann-Leal B, Ziliotto M, Chies JAB. HIV Infection, Chromosome Instability, and Micronucleus Formation. Viruses 2023; 15:155. [PMID: 36680195 PMCID: PMC9867034 DOI: 10.3390/v15010155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome integrity is critical for proper cell functioning, and chromosome instability can lead to age-related diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. Chromosome instability is caused by multiple factors, including replication stress, chromosome missegregation, exposure to pollutants, and viral infections. Although many studies have investigated the effects of environmental or lifestyle genotoxins on chromosomal integrity, information on the effects of viral infections on micronucleus formation and other chromosomal aberrations is still limited. Currently, HIV infection is considered a chronic disease treatable by antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, HIV-infected individuals still face important health problems, such as chronic inflammation and age-related diseases. In this context, this article reviews studies that have evaluated genomic instability using micronucleus assays in the context of HIV infection. In brief, HIV can induce chromosome instability directly through the interaction of HIV proteins with host DNA and indirectly through chronic inflammation or as a result of ART use. Connections between HIV infection, immunosenescence and age-related disease are discussed in this article. The monitoring of HIV-infected individuals should consider the increased risk of chromosome instability, and lifestyle interventions, such as reduced exposure to genotoxins and an antioxidant-rich diet, should be considered. Therapies to reduce chronic inflammation in HIV infection are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Henrique Ellwanger
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology (PPGBM), Laboratory of Immunobiology and Immunogenetics, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil
| | | | | | - José Artur Bogo Chies
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology (PPGBM), Laboratory of Immunobiology and Immunogenetics, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil
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22
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Zhang L, Chen W, Liu S, Chen C. Targeting Breast Cancer Stem Cells. Int J Biol Sci 2023; 19:552-570. [PMID: 36632469 PMCID: PMC9830502 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.76187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential roles of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) in tumor initiation and recurrence have been recognized for many decades. Due to their strong capacity for self-renewal and differentiation, BCSCs are the major reasons for poor clinical outcomes and low therapeutic response. Several hypotheses on the origin of cancer stem cells have been proposed, including critical gene mutations in stem cells, dedifferentiation of somatic cells, and cell plasticity remodeling by epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the tumor microenvironment. Moreover, the tumor microenvironment, including cellular components and cytokines, modulates the self-renewal and therapeutic resistance of BCSCs. Small molecules, antibodies, and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells targeting BCSCs have been developed, and their applications in combination with conventional therapies are undergoing clinical trials. In this review, we focus on the features of BCSCs, emphasize the major factors and tumor environment that regulate the stemness of BCSCs, and discuss potential BCSC-targeting therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; The Shanghai paracrine Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology; The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology; Shanghai Medical College; Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wenmin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming 650201, China.,Kunming College of Life Sciences, the University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Suling Liu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; The Shanghai paracrine Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology; The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology; Shanghai Medical College; Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.,✉ Corresponding authors: Ceshi Chen, E-mail: or Suling Liu, E-mail:
| | - Ceshi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming 650201, China.,Academy of Biomedical Engineering, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China.,The Third Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650118, China.,✉ Corresponding authors: Ceshi Chen, E-mail: or Suling Liu, E-mail:
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23
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Pachocki CJ, Hol EM. Current perspectives on diffuse midline glioma and a different role for the immune microenvironment compared to glioblastoma. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:276. [PMCID: PMC9675250 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02630-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse midline glioma (DMG), formerly called diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG), is a high-grade malignant pediatric brain tumor with a near-zero survival rate. To date, only radiation therapy provides marginal survival benefit; however, the median survival time remains less than a year. Historically, the infiltrative nature and sensitive location of the tumor rendered surgical removal and biopsies difficult and subsequently resulted in limited knowledge of the disease, as only post-mortem tissue was available. Therefore, clinical decision-making was based upon experience with the more frequent and histologically similar adult glioblastoma (GBM). Recent advances in tissue acquisition and molecular profiling revealed that DMG and GBM are distinct disease entities, with separate tissue characteristics and genetic profiles. DMG is characterized by heterogeneous tumor tissue often paired with an intact blood–brain barrier, possibly explaining its resistance to chemotherapy. Additional profiling shed a light on the origin of the disease and the influence of several mutations such as a highly recurring K27M mutation in histone H3 on its tumorigenesis. Furthermore, early evidence suggests that DMG has a unique immune microenvironment, characterized by low levels of immune cell infiltration, inflammation, and immunosuppression that may impact disease development and outcome. Within the tumor microenvironment of GBM, tumor-associated microglia/macrophages (TAMs) play a large role in tumor development. Interestingly, TAMs in DMG display distinct features and have low immune activation in comparison to other pediatric gliomas. Although TAMs have been investigated substantially in GBM over the last years, this has not been the case for DMG due to the lack of tissue for research. Bit by bit, studies are exploring the TAM–glioma crosstalk to identify what factors within the DMG microenvironment play a role in the recruitment and polarization of TAMs. Although more research into the immune microenvironment is warranted, there is evidence that targeting or stimulating TAMs and their factors provide a potential treatment option for DMG. In this review, we provide insight into the current status of DMG research, assess the knowledge of the immune microenvironment in DMG and GBM, and present recent findings and therapeutic opportunities surrounding the TAM–glioma crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casper J. Pachocki
- grid.5477.10000000120346234Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Elly M. Hol
- grid.5477.10000000120346234Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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24
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Roussot N, Ghiringhelli F, Rébé C. Tumor Immunogenic Cell Death as a Mediator of Intratumor CD8 T-Cell Recruitment. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223672. [PMID: 36429101 PMCID: PMC9688834 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The success of anticancer treatments relies on a long-term response which can be mediated by the immune system. Thus, the concept of immunogenic cell death (ICD) describes the capacity of dying cancer cells, under chemotherapy or physical stress, to express or release danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). These DAMPs are essential to activate dendritic cells (DCs) and to stimulate an antigen presentation to CD8 cytotoxic cells. Then, activated CD8 T cells exert their antitumor effects through cytotoxic molecules, an effect which is transitory due to the establishment of a feedback loop leading to T-cell exhaustion. This phenomenon can be reversed using immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs), such as anti-PD-1, PD-L1 or CTLA-4 Abs. However, the blockade of these checkpoints is efficient only if the CD8 T cells are recruited within the tumor. The CD8 T-cell chemoattraction is mediated by chemokines. Hence, an important question is whether the ICD can not only influence the DC activation and resulting CD8 T-cell activation but can also favor the chemokine production at the tumor site, thus triggering their recruitment. This is the aim of this review, in which we will decipher the role of some chemokines (and their specific receptors), shown to be released during ICD, on the CD8 T-cell recruitment and antitumor response. We will also analyze the clinical applications of these chemokines as predictive or prognostic markers or as new targets which should be used to improve patients' response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Roussot
- Cancer Biology Transfer Platform, Centre Georges-François Leclerc, F-21000 Dijon, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche INSERM LNC-UMR1231, F-21000 Dijon, France
- UFR Sciences de Santé, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Georges-François Leclerc, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - François Ghiringhelli
- Cancer Biology Transfer Platform, Centre Georges-François Leclerc, F-21000 Dijon, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche INSERM LNC-UMR1231, F-21000 Dijon, France
- UFR Sciences de Santé, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Georges-François Leclerc, F-21000 Dijon, France
- Genetic and Immunology Medical Institute, F-21000 Dijon, France
- Correspondence: (F.G.); (C.R.)
| | - Cédric Rébé
- Cancer Biology Transfer Platform, Centre Georges-François Leclerc, F-21000 Dijon, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche INSERM LNC-UMR1231, F-21000 Dijon, France
- UFR Sciences de Santé, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
- Correspondence: (F.G.); (C.R.)
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25
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Naming the Barriers between Anti-CCR5 Therapy, Breast Cancer and Its Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214159. [PMID: 36430633 PMCID: PMC9694078 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer represents the most common malignancy among women in the world. Although immuno-, chemo- and radiation therapy are widely recognized as the therapeutic trifecta, new strategies in the fight against breast cancer are continually explored. The local microenvironment around the tumor plays a great role in cancer progression and invasion, representing a promising therapeutic target. CCL5 is a potent chemokine with a physiological role of immune cell attraction and has gained particular attention in R&D for breast cancer treatment. Its receptor, CCR5, is a well-known co-factor for HIV entry through the cell membrane. Interestingly, biology research is unusually unified in describing CCL5 as a pro-oncogenic factor, especially in breast cancer. In silico, in vitro and in vivo studies blocking the CCL5/CCR5 axis show cancer cells become less invasive and less malignant, and the extracellular matrices produced are less oncogenic. At present, CCR5 blocking is a mainstay of HIV treatment, but despite its promising role in cancer treatment, CCR5 blocking in breast cancer remains unperformed. This review presents the role of the CCL5/CCR5 axis and its effector mechanisms, and names the most prominent hurdles for the clinical adoption of anti-CCR5 drugs in cancer.
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26
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Sharma G, Pothuraju R, Kanchan RK, Batra SK, Siddiqui JA. Chemokines network in bone metastasis: Vital regulators of seeding and soiling. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:457-472. [PMID: 35124194 PMCID: PMC9744380 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines are well equipped with chemo-attractive signals that can regulate cancer cell trafficking to specific organ sites. Currently, updated concepts have revealed the diverse role of chemokines in the biology of cancer initiation and progression. Genomic instabilities and alterations drive tumor heterogeneity, providing more options for the selection and metastatic progression to cancer cells. Tumor heterogeneity and acquired drug resistance are the main obstacles in managing cancer therapy and the primary root cause of metastasis. Studies emphasize that multiple chemokine/receptor axis are involved in cancer cell-mediated organ-specific distant metastasis. One of the persuasive mechanisms for heterogeneity and subsequent events is sturdily interlinked with the crosstalk between chemokines and their receptors on cancer cells and tissue-specific microenvironment. Among different metastatic niches, skeletal metastasis is frequently observed in the late stages of prostate, breast, and lung cancer and significantly reduces the survival of cancer patients. Therefore, it is crucial to elucidate the role of chemokines and their receptors in metastasis and bone remodeling. Here, we review the potential chemokine/receptor axis in tumorigenesis, tumor heterogeneity, metastasis, and vicious cycle in bone microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunjan Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Ramesh Pothuraju
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Ranjana Kumari Kanchan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Surinder Kumar Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA; Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Jawed Akhtar Siddiqui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
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27
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Shmakova A, Lomov N, Viushkov V, Tsfasman T, Kozhevnikova Y, Sokolova D, Pokrovsky V, Syrkina M, Germini D, Rubtsov M, Vassetzky Y. Cell models with inducible oncogenic translocations allow to evaluate the potential of drugs to favor secondary translocations. CANCER COMMUNICATIONS (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 43:154-158. [PMID: 36250318 PMCID: PMC9859728 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Shmakova
- UMR9018Université Paris‐SaclayCentre national de la recherche scientifique, Gustave RoussyVillejuif94805France,Koltzov Institute of Developmental BiologyRussian Academy of SciencesMoscow119334Russia,Institute of Experimental CardiologyNational Medical Research Centre of CardiologyMoscow121552Russia
| | - Nikolai Lomov
- UMR9018Université Paris‐SaclayCentre national de la recherche scientifique, Gustave RoussyVillejuif94805France,Department of Molecular BiologyFaculty of BiologyLomonosov Moscow State UniversityLeninskie GoryMoscow119991Russia
| | - Vladimir Viushkov
- Department of Molecular BiologyFaculty of BiologyLomonosov Moscow State UniversityLeninskie GoryMoscow119991Russia
| | - Tatyana Tsfasman
- UMR9018Université Paris‐SaclayCentre national de la recherche scientifique, Gustave RoussyVillejuif94805France
| | - Yana Kozhevnikova
- UMR9018Université Paris‐SaclayCentre national de la recherche scientifique, Gustave RoussyVillejuif94805France,Faculty of MedicineLomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscow119991Russia
| | - Darina Sokolova
- Laboratory of Combined TreatmentBlokhin Cancer Research CenterMoscow115478Russia,Department of BiochemistryPeoples’ Friendship University of RussiaMoscow117198Russia,Center of Genetics and Life SciencesSirius University of Science and TechnologyFederal Territory SiriusSochi354340Russia
| | - Vadim Pokrovsky
- Laboratory of Combined TreatmentBlokhin Cancer Research CenterMoscow115478Russia,Department of BiochemistryPeoples’ Friendship University of RussiaMoscow117198Russia,Center of Genetics and Life SciencesSirius University of Science and TechnologyFederal Territory SiriusSochi354340Russia
| | - Marina Syrkina
- Department of Molecular BiologyFaculty of BiologyLomonosov Moscow State UniversityLeninskie GoryMoscow119991Russia
| | - Diego Germini
- UMR9018Université Paris‐SaclayCentre national de la recherche scientifique, Gustave RoussyVillejuif94805France
| | - Mikhail Rubtsov
- Department of Molecular BiologyFaculty of BiologyLomonosov Moscow State UniversityLeninskie GoryMoscow119991Russia,Department of BiochemistryCenter for Industrial Technologies and EntrepreneurshipSechenov First Moscow State Medical UniversityMoscow119991Russia
| | - Yegor Vassetzky
- UMR9018Université Paris‐SaclayCentre national de la recherche scientifique, Gustave RoussyVillejuif94805France,Koltzov Institute of Developmental BiologyRussian Academy of SciencesMoscow119334Russia
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28
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Kirchhammer N, Trefny MP, Natoli M, Brücher D, Smith SN, Werner F, Koch V, Schreiner D, Bartoszek E, Buchi M, Schmid M, Breu D, Hartmann KP, Zaytseva P, Thommen DS, Läubli H, Böttcher JP, Stanczak MA, Kashyap AS, Plückthun A, Zippelius A. NK cells with tissue-resident traits shape response to immunotherapy by inducing adaptive antitumor immunity. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabm9043. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abm9043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
T cell–directed cancer immunotherapy often fails to generate lasting tumor control. Harnessing additional effectors of the immune response against tumors may strengthen the clinical benefit of immunotherapies. Here, we demonstrate that therapeutic targeting of the interferon-γ (IFN-γ)–interleukin-12 (IL-12) pathway relies on the ability of a population of natural killer (NK) cells with tissue-resident traits to orchestrate an antitumor microenvironment. In particular, we used an engineered adenoviral platform as a tool for intratumoral IL-12 immunotherapy (AdV5–IL-12) to generate adaptive antitumor immunity. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that AdV5–IL-12 is capable of inducing the expression of CC-chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5) in CD49a
+
NK cells both in tumor mouse models and tumor specimens from patients with cancer. AdV5–IL-12 imposed CCL5-induced type I conventional dendritic cell (cDC1) infiltration and thus increased DC-CD8 T cell interactions. A similar observation was made for other IFN-γ–inducing therapies such as Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) blockade. Conversely, failure to respond to IL-12 and PD-1 blockade in tumor models with low CD49a
+
CXCR6
+
NK cell infiltration could be overcome by intratumoral delivery of CCL5. Thus, therapeutic efficacy depends on the abundance of NK cells with tissue-resident traits and, specifically, their capacity to produce the DC chemoattractant CCL5. Our findings reveal a barrier for T cell–focused therapies and offer mechanistic insights into how T cell–NK cell–DC cross-talk can be enhanced to promote antitumor immunity and overcome resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Kirchhammer
- Cancer Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marcel P. Trefny
- Cancer Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marina Natoli
- Cancer Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Brücher
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sheena N. Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Franziska Werner
- Cancer Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Victoria Koch
- Cancer Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - David Schreiner
- Immune Cell Biology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ewelina Bartoszek
- Microscopy Core Facility, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mélanie Buchi
- Cancer Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Schmid
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Breu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Polina Zaytseva
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniela S. Thommen
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Heinz Läubli
- Medical Oncology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jan P. Böttcher
- Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Michal A. Stanczak
- Cancer Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Abhishek S. Kashyap
- Cancer Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Plückthun
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alfred Zippelius
- Cancer Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Medical Oncology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
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Single cell RNA-seq reveals the CCL5/SDC1 receptor-ligand interaction between T cells and tumor cells in pancreatic cancer. Cancer Lett 2022; 545:215834. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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30
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Yang T, Liang N, Li J, Hu P, Huang Q, Zhao Z, Wang Q, Zhang H. MDSCs might be "Achilles heel" for eradicating CSCs. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2022; 65:39-50. [PMID: 35595600 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2022.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
During tumor initiation and progression, the complicated role of immune cells in the tumor immune microenvironment remains a concern. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a group of immune cells that originate from the bone marrow and have immunosuppressive potency in various diseases, including cancer. In recent years, the key role of cancer stemness has received increasing attention in cancer development and therapy. Several studies have demonstrated the important regulatory relationship between MDSCs and cancer stem cells (CSCs). However, there is still no clear understanding regarding the complex interacting regulation of tumor malignancy, and current research progress is limited. In this review, we summarize the complicated role of MDSCs in the modulation of cancer stemness, evaluate the mechanism of the relationship between CSCs and MDSCs, and discuss potential strategies for eradicating CSCs with respect to MDSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- Department of Pain Treatment, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Ning Liang
- Department of General Surgery, The 75th Group Army Hospital, Dali 671000, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Stomatology, Shaanxi Provincial Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Pan Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, the 920 Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of Chinese PLA, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Qian Huang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The 75th Group Army Hospital, Dali 671000, China
| | - Zifeng Zhao
- Department of Pain Treatment, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
| | - Hongxin Zhang
- Department of Pain Treatment, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China; Department of Intervention Therapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China.
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31
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Identification of Immune-Related Markers in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Based on Gene Co-expression Network. Biochem Genet 2022; 60:2552-2569. [PMID: 35633444 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-022-10235-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major cause of cancer-related death throughout the world, with constant increasing morbidity and mortality. Existing studies suggest that immunotherapy is beneficial to the treatment of advanced HCC. At present, it is imperative to identify biomarkers suitable for HCC immunotherapy. In this paper, the mRNA expression data of HCC were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas, and Stromal Score, Immune Score and ESTIMATE Score of each sample were calculated. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis clustered the pretreated genes into eight modules. The brown module that was remarkably associated with Immune Score was identified by module eigengene-immune trait analysis, in which genes were mainly enriched in immune-related pathways. Four hub genes (CCR5, CD53, ITGB2, and TYROBP) related to tumor immunity, were screened out by intramodular gene connectivity combined with protein-protein interaction network topology analysis. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis presented a correlation between high expression of CCR5 and CD53, and better prognoses of HCC patients. TIMER analysis revealed a positive correlation between expression of each hub gene and immune cell infiltration level, and a positive correlation between the expression of each hub gene and the expression of immunosuppressive factors CTLA4 and PDCD1. Gene set enrichment analysis displayed that there was an evident difference in the activation of cytokines and the activation of immune signal transduction-related pathways between high- and low-expression groups of each hub gene. In conclusion, this study identified four potential genetic markers associated with HCC immunity and assessed their association with HCC patient's prognosis and immune microenvironment. The study results are expected to provide theoretical guidance for immunotherapy of HCC patients.
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32
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Feng YQ, Xu ZZ, Wang YT, Xiong Y, Xie W, He YY, Chen L, Liu GY, Li X, Liu J, Wu Q. Targeting C–C Chemokine Receptor 5: Key to Opening the Neurorehabilitation Window After Ischemic Stroke. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:876342. [PMID: 35573839 PMCID: PMC9095921 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.876342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the world’s second major cause of adult death and disability, resulting in the destruction of brain tissue and long-term neurological impairment; induction of neuronal plasticity can promote recovery after stroke. C–C chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) can direct leukocyte migration and localization and is a co-receptor that can mediate human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) entry into cells. Its role in HIV infection and immune response has been extensively studied. Furthermore, CCR5 is widely expressed in the central nervous system (CNS), is engaged in various physiological activities such as brain development, neuronal differentiation, communication, survival, and learning and memory capabilities, and is also involved in the development of numerous neurological diseases. CCR5 is differentially upregulated in neurons after stroke, and the inhibition of CCR5 in specific regions of the brain promotes motor and cognitive recovery. The mechanism by which CCR5 acts as a therapeutic target to promote neurorehabilitation after stroke has rarely been systematically reported yet. Thus, this review aims to discuss the function of CCR5 in the CNS and the mechanism of its effect on post-stroke recovery by regulating neuroplasticity and the inflammatory response to provide an effective basis for clinical rehabilitation after stroke.
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Abstract
In the past decade, substantial advances have been made in understanding the biology of tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs), and their clinical relevance is emerging. A particular aspect that is becoming increasingly clear is that the interaction of TAMs with cancer cells and stromal cells in the tumour microenvironment enables and sustains most of the hallmarks of cancer. Therefore, manipulation of TAMs could enable improved disease control in a substantial fraction of patients across a large number of cancer types. In this Review, we examine the diversity of TAMs in various cancer indications and how this heterogeneity is being revisited with the advent of single-cell technologies, and then explore the current knowledge on the functional roles of different TAM states and the prognostic and predictive value of TAM-related signatures. We also review agents targeting TAMs that are currently being or will soon be tested in clinical trials, and how manipulations of TAMs can improve existing anticancer treatments. Finally, we discuss how TAM-targeting approaches could be further integrated into routine clinical practice, considering a precision oncology approach and viewing TAMs as a dynamic population that can evolve under treatment pressure.
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34
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Saha T, Lukong KE. Breast Cancer Stem-Like Cells in Drug Resistance: A Review of Mechanisms and Novel Therapeutic Strategies to Overcome Drug Resistance. Front Oncol 2022; 12:856974. [PMID: 35392236 PMCID: PMC8979779 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.856974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequent type of malignancy in women worldwide, and drug resistance to the available systemic therapies remains a major challenge. At the molecular level, breast cancer is heterogeneous, where the cancer-initiating stem-like cells (bCSCs) comprise a small yet distinct population of cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME) that can differentiate into cells of multiple lineages, displaying varying degrees of cellular differentiation, enhanced metastatic potential, invasiveness, and resistance to radio- and chemotherapy. Based on the expression of estrogen and progesterone hormone receptors, expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and/or BRCA mutations, the breast cancer molecular subtypes are identified as TNBC, HER2 enriched, luminal A, and luminal B. Management of breast cancer primarily involves resection of the tumor, followed by radiotherapy, and systemic therapies including endocrine therapies for hormone-responsive breast cancers; HER2-targeted therapy for HER2-enriched breast cancers; chemotherapy and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors for TNBC, and the recent development of immunotherapy. However, the complex crosstalk between the malignant cells and stromal cells in the breast TME, rewiring of the many different signaling networks, and bCSC-mediated processes, all contribute to overall drug resistance in breast cancer. However, strategically targeting bCSCs to reverse chemoresistance and increase drug sensitivity is an underexplored stream in breast cancer research. The recent identification of dysregulated miRNAs/ncRNAs/mRNAs signatures in bCSCs and their crosstalk with many cellular signaling pathways has uncovered promising molecular leads to be used as potential therapeutic targets in drug-resistant situations. Moreover, therapies that can induce alternate forms of regulated cell death including ferroptosis, pyroptosis, and immunotherapy; drugs targeting bCSC metabolism; and nanoparticle therapy are the upcoming approaches to target the bCSCs overcome drug resistance. Thus, individualizing treatment strategies will eliminate the minimal residual disease, resulting in better pathological and complete response in drug-resistant scenarios. This review summarizes basic understanding of breast cancer subtypes, concept of bCSCs, molecular basis of drug resistance, dysregulated miRNAs/ncRNAs patterns in bCSCs, and future perspective of developing anticancer therapeutics to address breast cancer drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taniya Saha
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Kiven Erique Lukong
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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35
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Wang S, Yang Y, Ma P, Huang H, Tang Q, Miao H, Fang Y, Jiang N, Li Y, Zhu Q, Tao W, Zha Y, Li N. Landscape and perspectives of macrophage -targeted cancer therapy in clinical trials. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2022; 24:799-813. [PMID: 35317518 PMCID: PMC8908037 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2022.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) exert integrated effects in all aspects of tumor progression, including tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. Recently, considerable preclinical and clinical trials have demonstrated that TAM-targeted therapy is an effective antitumor therapeutic approach, especially as a complementary strategy in combination with conventional chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or emerging immunotherapy. Here, we review all of the current clinical trials targeting TAMs worldwide up to May 2021 and highlight instances of the synergetic therapeutic efficacy of TAM-targeted combined therapeutic strategies. In total, 606 clinical trials were conducted, including 143 tested products. There has been explosive growth in macrophage-targeted therapy around the world during the past decade. Most trials were at early phase, and two-thirds used macrophage-targeting therapy as part of a combination approach. The most common combination is that of traditional chemotherapy with TAM-targeted therapy, followed by immune checkpoint inhibitors and targeted drugs. TAM-targeted therapeutic approaches are a newly emerging but rapidly developing area of anticancer therapy, especially as a combinatorial therapeutic approach. Further investigation of promising combination strategies will pave the way to more effective anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhang Wang
- National Central Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yuqi Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Immune-Related Diseases, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550002, Guizhou, China
| | - Peiwen Ma
- National Central Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Huiyao Huang
- National Central Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Qiyu Tang
- National Central Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Huilei Miao
- National Central Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- National Central Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- National Central Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yandong Li
- Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Qi Zhu
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Wei Tao
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yan Zha
- NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Immune-Related Diseases, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550002, Guizhou, China
| | - Ning Li
- National Central Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
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36
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Jasinska AJ, Pandrea I, Apetrei C. CCR5 as a Coreceptor for Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Simian Immunodeficiency Viruses: A Prototypic Love-Hate Affair. Front Immunol 2022; 13:835994. [PMID: 35154162 PMCID: PMC8829453 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.835994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
CCR5, a chemokine receptor central for orchestrating lymphocyte/cell migration to the sites of inflammation and to the immunosurveillance, is involved in the pathogenesis of a wide spectrum of health conditions, including inflammatory diseases, viral infections, cancers and autoimmune diseases. CCR5 is also the primary coreceptor for the human immunodeficiency viruses (HIVs), supporting its entry into CD4+ T lymphocytes upon transmission and in the early stages of infection in humans. A natural loss-of-function mutation CCR5-Δ32, preventing the mutated protein expression on the cell surface, renders homozygous carriers of the null allele resistant to HIV-1 infection. This phenomenon was leveraged in the development of therapies and cure strategies for AIDS. Meanwhile, over 40 African nonhuman primate species are long-term hosts of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), an ancestral family of viruses that give rise to the pandemic CCR5 (R5)-tropic HIV-1. Many natural hosts typically do not progress to immunodeficiency upon the SIV infection. They have developed various strategies to minimize the SIV-related pathogenesis and disease progression, including an array of mechanisms employing modulation of the CCR5 receptor activity: (i) deletion mutations abrogating the CCR5 surface expression and conferring resistance to infection in null homozygotes; (ii) downregulation of CCR5 expression on CD4+ T cells, particularly memory cells and cells at the mucosal sites, preventing SIV from infecting and killing cells important for the maintenance of immune homeostasis, (iii) delayed onset of CCR5 expression on the CD4+ T cells during ontogenetic development that protects the offspring from vertical transmission of the virus. These host adaptations, aimed at lowering the availability of target CCR5+ CD4+ T cells through CCR5 downregulation, were countered by SIV, which evolved to alter the entry coreceptor usage toward infecting different CD4+ T-cell subpopulations that support viral replication yet without disruption of host immune homeostasis. These natural strategies against SIV/HIV-1 infection, involving control of CCR5 function, inspired therapeutic approaches against HIV-1 disease, employing CCR5 coreceptor blocking as well as gene editing and silencing of CCR5. Given the pleiotropic role of CCR5 in health beyond immune disease, the precision as well as costs and benefits of such interventions needs to be carefully considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna J Jasinska
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland.,Eye on Primates, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ivona Pandrea
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Cristian Apetrei
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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37
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Deng J, Fleming JB. Inflammation and Myeloid Cells in Cancer Progression and Metastasis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:759691. [PMID: 35127700 PMCID: PMC8814460 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.759691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, the most immunotherapy drugs act upon T cell surface proteins to promote tumoricidal T cell activity. However, this approach has to date been unsuccessful in certain solid tumor types including pancreatic, prostate cancer and glioblastoma. Myeloid-related innate immunity can promote tumor progression through direct and indirect effects on T cell activity; improved understanding of this field may provide another therapeutic avenue for patients with these tumors. Myeloid cells can differentiate into both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mature form depending upon the microenvironment. Most cancer type exhibit oncogenic activating point mutations (ex. P53 and KRAS) that trigger cytokines production. In addition, tumor environment (ex. Collagen, Hypoxia, and adenosine) also regulated inflammatory signaling cascade. Both the intrinsic and extrinsic factor driving the tumor immune microenvironment and regulating the differentiation and function of myeloid cells, T cells activity and tumor progression. In this review, we will discuss the relationship between cancer cells and myeloid cells-mediated tumor immune microenvironment to promote cancer progression and immunotherapeutic resistance. Furthermore, we will describe how cytokines and chemokines produced by cancer cells influence myeloid cells within immunosuppressive environment. Finally, we will comment on the development of immunotherapeutic strategies with respect to myeloid-related innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenying Deng
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jason B. Fleming
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Tampa, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Jason B. Fleming,
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38
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Zhang T, Zhou H, Wang K, Wang X, Wang M, Zhao W, Xi X, Li Y, Cai M, Zhao W, Xu Y, Shao R. Role, molecular mechanism and the potential target of breast cancer stem cells in breast cancer development. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 147:112616. [PMID: 35008001 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in women globally, and its occurrence has surpassed lung cancer and become the biggest threat for women. At present, breast cancer treatment includes surgical resection or postoperative chemotherapy and radiotherapy. However, tumor relapse and metastasis usually lead to current therapy failure thanks to breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs)-mediated tumorigenicity and drug resistance. Drug resistance is mainly due to the long-term quiescent G0 phase, strong DNA repairability, and high expression of ABC transporter, and the tumorigenicity is reflected in the activation of various proliferation pathways related to BCSCs. Therefore, understanding the characteristics of BCSCs and their intracellular and extracellular molecular mechanisms is crucial for the development of targeted drugs for BCSCs. To this end, we discussed the latest developments in BCSCs research, focusing on the analysis of specific markers, critical signaling pathways that maintain the stemness of BCSCs,such as NOTCH, Wnt/β-catenin, STAT3, Hedgehog, and Hippo-YAP signaling, immunomicroenviroment and summarizes targeting therapy strategies for stemness maintenance and differentiation, which provides a theoretical basis for further exploration of treating breast cancer and preventing relapse derived from BCSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianshu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Huimin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Kexin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Mengyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Wenxia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiaoming Xi
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Meilian Cai
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Wuli Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Yanni Xu
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Rongguang Shao
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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Zeng Z, Lan T, Wei Y, Wei X. CCL5/CCR5 axis in human diseases and related treatments. Genes Dis 2022; 9:12-27. [PMID: 34514075 PMCID: PMC8423937 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To defense harmful stimuli or maintain the immune homeostasis, the body produces and recruits a superfamily of cytokines such as interleukins, interferons, chemokines etc. Among them, chemokines act as crucial regulators in defense systems. CCL5/CCR5 combination is known for facilitating inflammatory responses, as well as inducing the adhesion and migration of different T cell subsets in immune responses. In addition, recent studies have shown that the interaction between CCL5 and CCR5 is involved in various pathological processes including inflammation, chronic diseases, cancers as well as the infection of COVID-19. This review focuses on how CCL5/CCR5 axis participates in the pathological processes of different diseases and their relevant signaling pathways for the regulation of the axis. Moreover, we highlighted the gene therapy and chemotherapy studies for treating CCR5-related diseases, including the ongoing clinical trials. The barriers and perspectives for future application and translational research were also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zeng
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Tianxia Lan
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
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40
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Chang XL, Wu HL, Webb GM, Tiwary M, Hughes C, Reed JS, Hwang J, Waytashek C, Boyle C, Pessoa C, Sylwester AW, Morrow D, Belica K, Fischer M, Kelly S, Pourhassan N, Bochart RM, Smedley J, Recknor CP, Hansen SG, Sacha JB. CCR5 Receptor Occupancy Analysis Reveals Increased Peripheral Blood CCR5+CD4+ T Cells Following Treatment With the Anti-CCR5 Antibody Leronlimab. Front Immunol 2021; 12:794638. [PMID: 34868084 PMCID: PMC8640501 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.794638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CCR5 plays a central role in infectious disease, host defense, and cancer progression, thereby making it an ideal target for therapeutic development. Notably, CCR5 is the major HIV entry co-receptor, where its surface density correlates with HIV plasma viremia. The level of CCR5 receptor occupancy (RO) achieved by a CCR5-targeting therapeutic is therefore a critical predictor of its efficacy. However, current methods to measure CCR5 RO lack sensitivity, resulting in high background and overcalculation. Here, we report on two independent, flow cytometric methods of calculating CCR5 RO using the anti-CCR5 antibody, Leronlimab. We show that both methods led to comparable CCR5 RO values, with low background on untreated CCR5+CD4+ T cells and sensitive measurements of occupancy on both blood and tissue-resident CD4+ T cells that correlated longitudinally with plasma concentrations in Leronlimab-treated macaques. Using these assays, we found that Leronlimab stabilized cell surface CCR5, leading to an increase in the levels of circulating and tissue-resident CCR5+CD4+ T cells in vivo in Leronlimab-treated macaques. Weekly Leronlimab treatment in a chronically SIV-infected macaque led to increased CCR5+CD4+ T cells levels and fully suppressed plasma viremia, both concomitant with full CCR5 RO on peripheral blood CD4+ T cells, demonstrating that CCR5+CD4+ T cells were protected from viral replication by Leronlimab binding. Finally, we extended these results to Leronlimab-treated humans and found that weekly 700 mg Leronlimab led to complete CCR5 RO on peripheral blood CD4+ T cells and a statistically significant increase in CCR5+CD4+ T cells in peripheral blood. Collectively, these results establish two RO calculation methods for longitudinal monitoring of anti-CCR5 therapeutic antibody blockade efficacy in both macaques and humans, demonstrate that CCR5+CD4+ T cell levels temporarily increase with Leronlimab treatment, and facilitate future detailed investigations into the immunological impacts of CCR5 inhibition in multiple pathophysiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao L. Chang
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Helen L. Wu
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Gabriela M. Webb
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Meenakshi Tiwary
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Colette Hughes
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Jason S. Reed
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Joseph Hwang
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Courtney Waytashek
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Carla Boyle
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Cleiton Pessoa
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Andrew W. Sylwester
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - David Morrow
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Karina Belica
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Miranda Fischer
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | | | | | - Rachele M. Bochart
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Jeremy Smedley
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | | | - Scott G. Hansen
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Jonah B. Sacha
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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CircETFA upregulates CCL5 by sponging miR-612 and recruiting EIF4A3 to promote hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:321. [PMID: 34716323 PMCID: PMC8556257 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00710-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As a kind of malignant tumors, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been studied continuously, but the mechanisms are not well understood. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are widespread in eukaryotes and play an important role in the growth of organisms and in the occurrence of diseases. The role of circRNAs in HCC remains to be further explored. In this study, CircRNA microarray analysis was used to assess the plasma from HCC patients and healthy controls and to identify circRNAs involved in HCC tumorigenesis. CircETFA was overexpressed in HCC tissues, plasma, and cells. Clinicopathological data revealed that abnormally high circETFA expression was associated with a poor prognosis. In function, circETFA promotes the malignant phenotype of HCC cells in vivo and in vitro, inhibits cycle arrest, and decreases the proportion of apoptotic cells. In mechanism, it can upregulate C-C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5) in HCC cells, thereby regulating the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway and other key downstream effectors (e.g., FoxO6). Furthermore, circETFA prolonged the half-life of CCL5 mRNA by recruiting the eukaryotic initiation factor 4A3 (EIF4A3) and acted as a sponge of hsa-miR-612 to suppress the silencing effect of hsa-miR-612 on CCL5. In conclusion, CircETFA can increase the expression of CCL5 to promote the progression of HCC by sponging hsa-mir-612 and recruiting EIF4A3, and is promising as a novel biomarker and therapeutic target.
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An Immune-Related Gene Prognostic Index for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Integrates Multiple Aspects of Tumor-Immune Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215342. [PMID: 34771505 PMCID: PMC8582543 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most refractory subtype of breast cancer. Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy has made progress in TNBC treatment. PD-L1 expression is a useful biomarker of ICI therapy efficacy. However, tumor-immune microenvironment (TIME) factors, such as immune cell compositions and tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) status, also influence tumor immunity. Therefore, it is necessary to seek biomarkers that are associated with multiple aspects of TIME in TNBC. In this study, we developed an immune-related gene prognostic index (IRGPI) with a substantial prognostic value for TNBC. Moreover, the results from multiple cohorts reproducibly demonstrate that IRGPI is significantly associated with immune cell compositions, the exclusion and dysfunction of TILs, as well as PD-1 and PD-L1 expression in TIME. Therefore, IRGPI is a promising biomarker closely related to patient survival and TIME of TNBC and may have a potential effect on the immunotherapy strategy of TNBC. Abstract Tumor-immune cell compositions and immune checkpoints comprehensively affect TNBC outcomes. With the significantly improved survival rate of TNBC patients treated with ICI therapies, a biomarker integrating multiple aspects of TIME may have prognostic value for improving the efficacy of ICI therapy. Immune-related hub genes were identified with weighted gene co-expression network analysis and differential gene expression assay using The Cancer Genome Atlas TNBC data set (n = 115). IRGPI was constructed with Cox regression analysis. Immune cell compositions and TIL status were analyzed with CIBERSORT and TIDE. The discovery was validated with the Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium data set (n = 196) and a patient cohort from our hospital. Tumor expression or serum concentrations of CCL5, CCL25, or PD-L1 were determined with immunohistochemistry or ELISA. The constructed IRGPI was composed of CCL5 and CCL25 genes and was negatively associated with the patient’s survival. IRGPI also predicts the compositions of M0 and M2 macrophages, memory B cells, CD8+ T cells, activated memory CD4 T cells, and the exclusion and dysfunction of TILs, as well as PD-1 and PD-L1 expression of TNBC. IRGPI is a promising biomarker for predicting the prognosis and multiple immune characteristics of TNBC.
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43
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He Y, de Araújo Júnior RF, Cruz LJ, Eich C. Functionalized Nanoparticles Targeting Tumor-Associated Macrophages as Cancer Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1670. [PMID: 34683963 PMCID: PMC8540805 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a central role in regulating antitumor immune responses. As an important part of the TME, alternatively activated type 2 (M2) macrophages drive the development of primary and secondary tumors by promoting tumor cell proliferation, tumor angiogenesis, extracellular matrix remodeling and overall immunosuppression. Immunotherapy approaches targeting tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in order to reduce the immunosuppressive state in the TME have received great attention. Although these methods hold great potential for the treatment of several cancers, they also face some limitations, such as the fast degradation rate of drugs and drug-induced cytotoxicity of organs and tissues. Nanomedicine formulations that prevent TAM signaling and recruitment to the TME or deplete M2 TAMs to reduce tumor growth and metastasis represent encouraging novel strategies in cancer therapy. They allow the specific delivery of antitumor drugs to the tumor area, thereby reducing side effects associated with systemic application. In this review, we give an overview of TAM biology and the current state of nanomedicines that target M2 macrophages in the course of cancer immunotherapy, with a specific focus on nanoparticles (NPs). We summarize how different types of NPs target M2 TAMs, and how the physicochemical properties of NPs (size, shape, charge and targeting ligands) influence NP uptake by TAMs in vitro and in vivo in the TME. Furthermore, we provide a comparative analysis of passive and active NP-based TAM-targeting strategies and discuss their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan He
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging (TNI) Group, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (Y.H.); (R.F.d.A.J.)
| | - Raimundo Fernandes de Araújo Júnior
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging (TNI) Group, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (Y.H.); (R.F.d.A.J.)
- Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59064-720, Brazil
- Cancer and Inflammation Research Laboratory (LAICI), Postgraduate Program in Functional and Structural Biology, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59064-720, Brazil
- Percuros B.V., 2333 CL Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Luis J. Cruz
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging (TNI) Group, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (Y.H.); (R.F.d.A.J.)
| | - Christina Eich
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging (TNI) Group, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (Y.H.); (R.F.d.A.J.)
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Patra S, Elahi N, Armorer A, Arunachalam S, Omala J, Hamid I, Ashton AW, Joyce D, Jiao X, Pestell RG. Mechanisms Governing Metabolic Heterogeneity in Breast Cancer and Other Tumors. Front Oncol 2021; 11:700629. [PMID: 34631530 PMCID: PMC8495201 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.700629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Reprogramming of metabolic priorities promotes tumor progression. Our understanding of the Warburg effect, based on studies of cultured cancer cells, has evolved to a more complex understanding of tumor metabolism within an ecosystem that provides and catabolizes diverse nutrients provided by the local tumor microenvironment. Recent studies have illustrated that heterogeneous metabolic changes occur at the level of tumor type, tumor subtype, within the tumor itself, and within the tumor microenvironment. Thus, altered metabolism occurs in cancer cells and in the tumor microenvironment (fibroblasts, immune cells and fat cells). Herein we describe how these growth advantages are obtained through either “convergent” genetic changes, in which common metabolic properties are induced as a final common pathway induced by diverse oncogene factors, or “divergent” genetic changes, in which distinct factors lead to subtype-selective phenotypes and thereby tumor heterogeneity. Metabolic heterogeneity allows subtyping of cancers and further metabolic heterogeneity occurs within the same tumor mass thought of as “microenvironmental metabolic nesting”. Furthermore, recent findings show that mutations of metabolic genes arise in the majority of tumors providing an opportunity for the development of more robust metabolic models of an individual patient’s tumor. The focus of this review is on the mechanisms governing this metabolic heterogeneity in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayani Patra
- Pensylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Wynnewood, PA, United States.,Xavier University School of Medicine at Aruba, Oranjestad, Aruba
| | - Naveed Elahi
- Pensylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Wynnewood, PA, United States.,Xavier University School of Medicine at Aruba, Oranjestad, Aruba
| | - Aaron Armorer
- Pensylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Wynnewood, PA, United States.,Xavier University School of Medicine at Aruba, Oranjestad, Aruba
| | - Swathi Arunachalam
- Pensylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Wynnewood, PA, United States.,Xavier University School of Medicine at Aruba, Oranjestad, Aruba
| | - Joshua Omala
- Pensylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Wynnewood, PA, United States.,Xavier University School of Medicine at Aruba, Oranjestad, Aruba
| | - Iman Hamid
- Pensylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Wynnewood, PA, United States.,Xavier University School of Medicine at Aruba, Oranjestad, Aruba
| | - Anthony W Ashton
- Xavier University School of Medicine at Aruba, Oranjestad, Aruba.,Program in Cardiovascular Medicine, Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, PA, United States
| | - David Joyce
- Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Xuanmao Jiao
- Pensylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Wynnewood, PA, United States.,Xavier University School of Medicine at Aruba, Oranjestad, Aruba
| | - Richard G Pestell
- Pensylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Wynnewood, PA, United States.,Xavier University School of Medicine at Aruba, Oranjestad, Aruba.,Cancer Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Pericytes augment glioblastoma cell resistance to temozolomide through CCL5-CCR5 paracrine signaling. Cell Res 2021; 31:1072-1087. [PMID: 34239070 PMCID: PMC8486800 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-021-00528-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a prevalent and highly lethal form of glioma, with rapid tumor progression and frequent recurrence. Excessive outgrowth of pericytes in GBM governs the ecology of the perivascular niche, but their function in mediating chemoresistance has not been fully explored. Herein, we uncovered that pericytes potentiate DNA damage repair (DDR) in GBM cells residing in the perivascular niche, which induces temozolomide (TMZ) chemoresistance. We found that increased pericyte proportion correlates with accelerated tumor recurrence and worse prognosis. Genetic depletion of pericytes in GBM xenografts enhances TMZ-induced cytotoxicity and prolongs survival of tumor-bearing mice. Mechanistically, C-C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5) secreted by pericytes activates C-C motif chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) on GBM cells to enable DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs)-mediated DDR upon TMZ treatment. Disrupting CCL5-CCR5 paracrine signaling through the brain-penetrable CCR5 antagonist maraviroc (MVC) potently inhibits pericyte-promoted DDR and effectively improves the chemotherapeutic efficacy of TMZ. GBM patient-derived xenografts with high CCL5 expression benefit from combined treatment with TMZ and MVC. Our study reveals the role of pericytes as an extrinsic stimulator potentiating DDR signaling in GBM cells and suggests that targeting CCL5-CCR5 signaling could be an effective therapeutic strategy to improve chemotherapeutic efficacy against GBM.
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Depiction of the genomic and genetic landscape identifies CCL5 as a protective factor in colorectal neuroendocrine carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2021; 125:994-1002. [PMID: 34331023 PMCID: PMC8476633 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01501-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal neuroendocrine carcinomas (CRNECs) are highly aggressive tumours with poor prognosis and low incidence. To date, the genomic landscape and molecular pathway alterations have not been elucidated. METHODS Tissue sections and clinical information of CRNEC (n = 35) and CR neuroendocrine tumours (CRNETs) (n = 25) were collected as an in-house cohort (2010-2020). Comprehensive genomic and expression panels (AmoyDx® Master Panel) were applied to identify the genomic and genetic alterations of CRNEC. Through the depiction of the genomic landscape and transcriptome profile, we compared the difference between CRNEC and CRNET. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence staining were performed to confirm the genetic alterations. RESULTS High tumour mutation load was observed in CRNEC compared with CRNET. CRNECs showed a "cold" immune landscape and increased endothelial cell activity compared with NETs. Importantly, PAX5 was aberrantly expressed in CRNEC and predicted a poor prognosis of CRNECs. CCL5, a factor that is considered an immunosuppressive factor in several tumour types, was strongly expressed in CRNEC patients with long-term survival and correlated with high CD8+ T cell infiltration. CONCLUSION Through the depiction of the genomic landscape and transcriptome profile, we demonstrated alterations in molecular pathways and potential targets for immunotherapy in CRNEC.
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EMP3 negatively modulates breast cancer cell DNA replication, DNA damage repair, and stem-like properties. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:844. [PMID: 34511602 PMCID: PMC8435533 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04140-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Enhanced DNA damage repair capacity attenuates cell killing of DNA-damaging chemotherapeutic agents. In silico analysis showed that epithelial membrane protein 3 (EMP3) is associated with favorable survival, and negatively regulates cell cycle S-phase. Consistently, loss and gain of function studies demonstrated that EMP3 inhibits breast cancer cell S-phage entry, DNA replication, DNA damage repair, and stem-like properties. Moreover, EMP3 blocks Akt-mTOR signaling activation and induces autophagy. EMP3 negatively modulates BRCA1 and RAD51 expression, indicating EMP3 suppresses homologous recombination repair of DNA double-strand breaks. Accordingly, EMP3 sensitizes breast cancer cells to the DNA-damaging drug Adriamycin. EMP3 downregulates YTHDC1, a RNA-binding protein involved in m6a modification, which at least in part mediates the effects of EMP3 on breast cancer cells. Taken together, these data indicate that EMP3 is a putative tumor suppressor in breast cancer, and EMP3 downregulation may be responsible for breast cancer chemoresistance.
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48
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Bule P, Aguiar SI, Aires-Da-Silva F, Dias JNR. Chemokine-Directed Tumor Microenvironment Modulation in Cancer Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9804. [PMID: 34575965 PMCID: PMC8464715 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are a large family of small chemotactic cytokines that coordinates immune cell trafficking. In cancer, they have a pivotal role in the migration pattern of immune cells into the tumor, thereby shaping the tumor microenvironment immune profile, often towards a pro-tumorigenic state. Furthermore, chemokines can directly target non-immune cells in the tumor microenvironment, including cancer, stromal and vascular endothelial cells. As such, chemokines participate in several cancer development processes such as angiogenesis, metastasis, cancer cell proliferation, stemness and invasiveness, and are therefore key determinants of disease progression, with a strong influence in patient prognosis and response to therapy. Due to their multifaceted role in the tumor immune response and tumor biology, the chemokine network has emerged as a potential immunotherapy target. Under the present review, we provide a general overview of chemokine effects on several tumoral processes, as well as a description of the currently available chemokine-directed therapies, highlighting their potential both as monotherapy or in combination with standard chemotherapy or other immunotherapies. Finally, we discuss the most critical challenges and prospects of developing targeted chemokines as therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Joana Nunes Ribeiro Dias
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal; (P.B.); (S.I.A.); (F.A.-D.-S.)
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Casagrande N, Borghese C, Aldinucci D. In classical Hodgkin lymphoma the combination of the CCR5 antagonist maraviroc with trabectedin synergizes, enhances DNA damage and decreases 3D tumor-stroma heterospheroid viability. Haematologica 2021; 107:287-291. [PMID: 34498447 PMCID: PMC8719077 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2021.279389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Naike Casagrande
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano (PN)
| | - Cinzia Borghese
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano (PN)
| | - Donatella Aldinucci
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano (PN).
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50
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Alluri SR, Higashi Y, Kil KE. PET Imaging Radiotracers of Chemokine Receptors. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175174. [PMID: 34500609 PMCID: PMC8434599 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines and chemokine receptors have been recognized as critical signal components that maintain the physiological functions of various cells, particularly the immune cells. The signals of chemokines/chemokine receptors guide various leukocytes to respond to inflammatory reactions and infectious agents. Many chemokine receptors play supportive roles in the differentiation, proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis of diverse tumor cells. In addition, the signaling functions of a few chemokine receptors are associated with cardiac, pulmonary, and brain disorders. Over the years, numerous promising molecules ranging from small molecules to short peptides and antibodies have been developed to study the role of chemokine receptors in healthy states and diseased states. These drug-like candidates are in turn exploited as radiolabeled probes for the imaging of chemokine receptors using noninvasive in vivo imaging, such as positron emission tomography (PET). Recent advances in the development of radiotracers for various chemokine receptors, particularly of CXCR4, CCR2, and CCR5, shed new light on chemokine-related cancer and cardiovascular research and the subsequent drug development. Here, we present the recent progress in PET radiotracer development for imaging of various chemokine receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh R. Alluri
- University of Missouri Research Reactor, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
| | - Yusuke Higashi
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
| | - Kun-Eek Kil
- University of Missouri Research Reactor, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(573)-884-7885
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