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Sato Y, Nathan A, Shipp S, Wright JF, Tate KM, Wani P, Roncarolo MG, Bacchetta R. A novel FOXP3 knockout-humanized mouse model for pre-clinical safety and efficacy evaluation of Treg-like cell products. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2023; 31:101150. [PMID: 38027059 PMCID: PMC10679769 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2023.101150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) is an essential transcription factor for regulatory T cell (Treg) function. Defects in Tregs mediate many immune diseases including the monogenic autoimmune disease immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked syndrome (IPEX), which is caused by FOXP3 mutations. Treg cell products are a promising modality to induce allograft tolerance or reduce the use of immunosuppressive drugs to prevent rejection, as well as in the treatment of acquired autoimmune diseases. We have recently opened a phase I clinical trial for IPEX patients using autologous engineered Treg-like cells, CD4LVFOXP3. To facilitate the pre-clinical studies, a novel humanized-mouse (hu-mouse) model was developed whereby immune-deficient mice were transplanted with human hematopoietic stem progenitor cells (HSPCs) in which the FOXP3 gene was knocked out (FOXP3KO) using CRISPR-Cas9. Mice transplanted with FOXP3KO HSPCs had impaired survival, developed lymphoproliferation 10-12 weeks post-transplant and T cell infiltration of the gut, resembling human IPEX. Strikingly, injection of CD4LVFOXP3 into the FOXP3KO hu-mice restored in vivo regulatory functions, including control of lymphoproliferation and inhibition of T cell infiltration in the colon. This hu-mouse disease model can be reproducibly established and constitutes an ideal model to assess pre-clinical efficacy of human Treg cell investigational products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Sato
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Lorry I. Lokey Stem Cell Research Building, 265 Campus Drive West, Room 3039, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Abinaya Nathan
- Center for Definitive Curative Medicine (CDCM) Stanford University School of Medicine, Lorry I. Lokey Stem Cell Research Building, 265 Campus Drive West, Room 3039, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Suzette Shipp
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Lorry I. Lokey Stem Cell Research Building, 265 Campus Drive West, Room 3039, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - John Fraser Wright
- Center for Definitive Curative Medicine (CDCM) Stanford University School of Medicine, Lorry I. Lokey Stem Cell Research Building, 265 Campus Drive West, Room 3039, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Keri Marie Tate
- Laboratory for Cell and Gene Medicine (LCGM) Stanford University School of Medicine, Lorry I. Lokey Stem Cell Research Building, 265 Campus Drive West, Room 3039, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Prachi Wani
- Laboratory for Cell and Gene Medicine (LCGM) Stanford University School of Medicine, Lorry I. Lokey Stem Cell Research Building, 265 Campus Drive West, Room 3039, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Maria-Grazia Roncarolo
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Lorry I. Lokey Stem Cell Research Building, 265 Campus Drive West, Room 3039, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Center for Definitive Curative Medicine (CDCM) Stanford University School of Medicine, Lorry I. Lokey Stem Cell Research Building, 265 Campus Drive West, Room 3039, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Lorry I. Lokey Stem Cell Research Building, 265 Campus Drive West, Room 3039, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Rosa Bacchetta
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Lorry I. Lokey Stem Cell Research Building, 265 Campus Drive West, Room 3039, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Center for Definitive Curative Medicine (CDCM) Stanford University School of Medicine, Lorry I. Lokey Stem Cell Research Building, 265 Campus Drive West, Room 3039, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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de Lima MR, Campbell DCDP, da Cunha-Madeira MR, Bomfim BCM, de Paula Ayres-Silva J. Animal Welfare in Radiation Research: The Importance of Animal Monitoring System. Vet Sci 2023; 10:651. [PMID: 37999474 PMCID: PMC10674294 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10110651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term research into radiation exposure significantly expanded following World War II, driven by the increasing number of individuals falling ill after the detonation of two atomic bombs in Japan. Consequently, researchers intensified their efforts to investigate radiation's effects using animal models and to study disease models that emerged post-catastrophe. As a result, several parameters have been established as essential in these models, encompassing radiation doses, regimens involving single or multiple irradiations, the injection site for transplantation, and the quantity of cells to be injected. Nonetheless, researchers have observed numerous side effects in irradiated animals, prompting the development of scoring systems to monitor these animals' well-being. The aim of this review is to delve into the historical context of using animals in radiation research and explore the ethical considerations related to animal welfare, which has become an increasingly relevant topic in recent years. These concerns have prompted research groups to adopt measures aimed at reducing animal suffering. Consequently, for animal welfare, the implementation of a scoring system for clinical and behavioral monitoring is essential. This represents one of the primary challenges and hurdles in radiation studies. It is concluded that implementing standardized criteria across all institutions is aimed at ensuring result reproducibility and fostering collaboration within the scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Ribeiro de Lima
- Center for Animal Experimentation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, Brazil; (M.R.d.L.)
| | - Daiani Cotrim de Paiva Campbell
- Center for Animal Experimentation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, Brazil; (M.R.d.L.)
| | | | - Barbara Cristina Marcollino Bomfim
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Health, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, Brazil
| | - Jackline de Paula Ayres-Silva
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Health, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, Brazil
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Wang W, Li Y, Lin K, Wang X, Tu Y, Zhuo Z. Progress in building clinically relevant patient-derived tumor xenograft models for cancer research. Animal Model Exp Med 2023; 6:381-398. [PMID: 37679891 PMCID: PMC10614132 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDX) models, a method involving the surgical extraction of tumor tissues from cancer patients and subsequent transplantation into immunodeficient mice, have emerged as a pivotal approach in translational research, particularly in advancing precision medicine. As the first stage of PDX development, the patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) models implant tumor tissue in mice in the corresponding anatomical locations of the patient. The PDOX models have several advantages, including high fidelity to the original tumor, heightened drug sensitivity, and an elevated rate of successful transplantation. However, the PDOX models present significant challenges, requiring advanced surgical techniques and resource-intensive imaging technologies, which limit its application. And then, the humanized mouse models, as well as the zebrafish models, were developed. Humanized mouse models contain a human immune environment resembling the tumor and immune system interplay. The humanized mouse models are a hot topic in PDX model research. Regarding zebrafish patient-derived tumor xenografts (zPDX) and patient-derived organoids (PDO) as promising models for studying cancer and drug discovery, zPDX models are used to transplant tumors into zebrafish as novel personalized medical animal models with the advantage of reducing patient waiting time. PDO models provide a cost-effective approach for drug testing that replicates the in vivo environment and preserves important tumor-related information for patients. The present review highlights the functional characteristics of each new phase of PDX and provides insights into the challenges and prospective developments in this rapidly evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijing Wang
- Department of Clinical MedicineShantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
| | - Yongshu Li
- College of Life SciencesHubei Normal UniversityHuangshiChina
- Shenzhen Institute for Technology InnovationNational Institute of MetrologyShenzhenChina
| | - Kaida Lin
- Department of Clinical MedicineShantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
| | - Xiaokang Wang
- Department of PharmacyShenzhen Longhua District Central HospitalShenzhenChina
| | - Yanyang Tu
- Research Center, Huizhou Central People's HospitalGuangdong Medical UniversityHuizhou CityChina
| | - Zhenjian Zhuo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and BiotechnologyPeking University Shenzhen Graduate SchoolShenzhenChina
- Laboratory Animal Center, School of Chemical Biology and BiotechnologyPeking University Shenzhen Graduate SchoolShenzhenChina
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Bittner S, Hehlgans T, Feuerer M. Engineered Treg cells as putative therapeutics against inflammatory diseases and beyond. Trends Immunol 2023; 44:468-483. [PMID: 37100644 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2023.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells ensure tolerance against self-antigens, limit excessive inflammation, and support tissue repair processes. Therefore, Treg cells are currently attractive candidates for the treatment of certain inflammatory diseases, autoimmune disorders, or transplant rejection. Early clinical trials have proved the safety and efficacy of certain Treg cell therapies in inflammatory diseases. We summarize recent advances in engineering Treg cells, including the concept of biosensors for inflammation. We assess Treg cell engineering possibilities for novel functional units, including Treg cell modifications influencing stability, migration, and tissue adaptation. Finally, we outline perspectives of engineered Treg cells going beyond inflammatory diseases by using custom-designed receptors and read-out systems, aiming to use Treg cells as in vivo diagnostic tools and drug delivery vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Bittner
- Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Division of Immunology, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Hehlgans
- Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Division of Immunology, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; Chair for Immunology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Markus Feuerer
- Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Division of Immunology, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; Chair for Immunology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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Chuprin J, Buettner H, Seedhom MO, Greiner DL, Keck JG, Ishikawa F, Shultz LD, Brehm MA. Humanized mouse models for immuno-oncology research. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2023; 20:192-206. [PMID: 36635480 PMCID: PMC10593256 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-022-00721-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has emerged as a promising treatment paradigm for many malignancies and is transforming the drug development landscape. Although immunotherapeutic agents have demonstrated clinical efficacy, they are associated with variable clinical responses, and substantial gaps remain in our understanding of their mechanisms of action and specific biomarkers of response. Currently, the number of preclinical models that faithfully recapitulate interactions between the human immune system and tumours and enable evaluation of human-specific immunotherapies in vivo is limited. Humanized mice, a term that refers to immunodeficient mice co-engrafted with human tumours and immune components, provide several advantages for immuno-oncology research. In this Review, we discuss the benefits and challenges of the currently available humanized mice, including specific interactions between engrafted human tumours and immune components, the development and survival of human innate immune populations in these mice, and approaches to study mice engrafted with matched patient tumours and immune cells. We highlight the latest advances in the generation of humanized mouse models, with the aim of providing a guide for their application to immuno-oncology studies with potential for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Chuprin
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, The University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Hannah Buettner
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Department of Surgery, The University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Mina O Seedhom
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Dale L Greiner
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Michael A Brehm
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
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6
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Côrte-Real BF, Hamad I, Arroyo Hornero R, Geisberger S, Roels J, Van Zeebroeck L, Dyczko A, van Gisbergen MW, Kurniawan H, Wagner A, Yosef N, Weiss SNY, Schmetterer KG, Schröder A, Krampert L, Haase S, Bartolomaeus H, Hellings N, Saeys Y, Dubois LJ, Brenner D, Kempa S, Hafler DA, Stegbauer J, Linker RA, Jantsch J, Müller DN, Kleinewietfeld M. Sodium perturbs mitochondrial respiration and induces dysfunctional Tregs. Cell Metab 2023; 35:299-315.e8. [PMID: 36754020 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are central for peripheral tolerance, and their deregulation is associated with autoimmunity. Dysfunctional autoimmune Tregs display pro-inflammatory features and altered mitochondrial metabolism, but contributing factors remain elusive. High salt (HS) has been identified to alter immune function and to promote autoimmunity. By investigating longitudinal transcriptional changes of human Tregs, we identified that HS induces metabolic reprogramming, recapitulating features of autoimmune Tregs. Mechanistically, extracellular HS raises intracellular Na+, perturbing mitochondrial respiration by interfering with the electron transport chain (ETC). Metabolic disturbance by a temporary HS encounter or complex III blockade rapidly induces a pro-inflammatory signature and FOXP3 downregulation, leading to long-term dysfunction in vitro and in vivo. The HS-induced effect could be reversed by inhibition of mitochondrial Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCLX). Our results indicate that salt could contribute to metabolic reprogramming and that short-term HS encounter perturb metabolic fitness and long-term function of human Tregs with important implications for autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz F Côrte-Real
- VIB Laboratory of Translational Immunomodulation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research (IRC), Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; Department of Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Ibrahim Hamad
- VIB Laboratory of Translational Immunomodulation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research (IRC), Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; Department of Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Rebeca Arroyo Hornero
- VIB Laboratory of Translational Immunomodulation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research (IRC), Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; Department of Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Sabrina Geisberger
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13125 Berlin, Germany; Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Integrative Proteomics and Metabolomics, 13125 Berlin, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Joris Roels
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Gent, Belgium; VIB BioImaging Core, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Lauren Van Zeebroeck
- VIB Laboratory of Translational Immunomodulation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research (IRC), Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; Department of Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Aleksandra Dyczko
- VIB Laboratory of Translational Immunomodulation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research (IRC), Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; Department of Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Marike W van Gisbergen
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Henry Kurniawan
- Experimental & Molecular Immunology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Allon Wagner
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Nir Yosef
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub Investigator, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Susanne N Y Weiss
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg and University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Klaus G Schmetterer
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg and University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Agnes Schröder
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Luka Krampert
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg and University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Haase
- Department of Neurology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hendrik Bartolomaeus
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13125 Berlin, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany
| | - Niels Hellings
- Department of Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Yvan Saeys
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Ludwig J Dubois
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Dirk Brenner
- Experimental & Molecular Immunology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis (ORCA), Department of Dermatology and Allergy Center, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Stefan Kempa
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Integrative Proteomics and Metabolomics, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - David A Hafler
- Departments of Neurology and Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Johannes Stegbauer
- Department of Nephrology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ralf A Linker
- Department of Neurology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jonathan Jantsch
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg and University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Hygiene, University Hospital Cologne and Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50935 Cologne, Germany
| | - Dominik N Müller
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13125 Berlin, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Kleinewietfeld
- VIB Laboratory of Translational Immunomodulation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research (IRC), Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; Department of Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
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Ritacco C, Köse MC, Courtois J, Canti L, Beguin C, Dubois S, Vandenhove B, Servais S, Caers J, Beguin Y, Ehx G, Baron F. Post-transplant cyclophosphamide prevents xenogeneic graft-versus-host disease while depleting proliferating regulatory T cells. iScience 2023; 26:106085. [PMID: 36843851 PMCID: PMC9947306 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) remains a serious limitation of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). While post-transplant administration of cyclophosphamide (PTCy) is increasingly used as GVHD prophylaxis, its precise mechanisms of action and its impact on graft-versus-leukemia effects have remained debated. Here, we studied the mechanisms of xenogeneic GVHD (xGVHD) prevention by PTCy in different humanized mouse models. We observed that PTCy attenuated xGVHD. Using flow cytometry and single-cell RNA-sequencing, we demonstrated that PTCy depleted proliferative CD8+ and conventional CD4+ T cells but also proliferative regulatory T cells (Treg). Further, T-cell receptor β variable region sequencing (TCRVB) analyses demonstrated that highly xenoreactive T-cell clones were depleted by PTCy. Although Treg frequencies were significantly higher in PTCy-treated than in control mice on day 21, xGVHD attenuation by PTCy was not abrogated by Treg depletion. Finally, we observed that PTCy did not abrogate graft-versus-leukemia effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Ritacco
- Hematology Research Unit, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA)-I³, University of Liège, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Murat Cem Köse
- Hematology Research Unit, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA)-I³, University of Liège, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Justine Courtois
- Hematology Research Unit, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA)-I³, University of Liège, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Lorenzo Canti
- Hematology Research Unit, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA)-I³, University of Liège, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Charline Beguin
- Hematology Research Unit, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA)-I³, University of Liège, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Sophie Dubois
- Hematology Research Unit, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA)-I³, University of Liège, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Benoît Vandenhove
- Hematology Research Unit, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA)-I³, University of Liège, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Sophie Servais
- Hematology Research Unit, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA)-I³, University of Liège, Liège 4000, Belgium,Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, CHU of Liège, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Jo Caers
- Hematology Research Unit, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA)-I³, University of Liège, Liège 4000, Belgium,Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, CHU of Liège, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Yves Beguin
- Hematology Research Unit, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA)-I³, University of Liège, Liège 4000, Belgium,Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, CHU of Liège, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Grégory Ehx
- Hematology Research Unit, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA)-I³, University of Liège, Liège 4000, Belgium,Corresponding author
| | - Frédéric Baron
- Hematology Research Unit, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA)-I³, University of Liège, Liège 4000, Belgium,Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, CHU of Liège, Liège 4000, Belgium,Corresponding author
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Faridar A, Vasquez M, Thome AD, Yin Z, Xuan H, Wang JH, Wen S, Li X, Thonhoff JR, Zhao W, Zhao H, Beers DR, Wong STC, Masdeu JC, Appel SH. Ex vivo expanded human regulatory T cells modify neuroinflammation in a preclinical model of Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2022; 10:144. [PMID: 36180898 PMCID: PMC9524037 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-022-01447-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a neuroprotective role by suppressing microglia and macrophage-mediated inflammation and modulating adaptive immune reactions. We previously documented that Treg immunomodulatory mechanisms are compromised in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Ex vivo expansion of Tregs restores and amplifies their immunosuppressive functions in vitro. A key question is whether adoptive transfer of ex vivo expanded human Tregs can suppress neuroinflammation and amyloid pathology in a preclinical mouse model. Methods An immunodeficient mouse model of AD was generated by backcrossing the 5xFAD onto Rag2 knockout mice (5xFAD-Rag2KO). Human Tregs were expanded ex vivo for 24 days and administered to 5xFAD-Rag2KO. Changes in amyloid burden, microglia characteristics and reactive astrocytes were evaluated using ELISA and confocal microscopy. NanoString Mouse AD multiplex gene expression analysis was applied to explore the impact of ex vivo expanded Tregs on the neuroinflammation transcriptome. Results Elimination of mature B and T lymphocytes and natural killer cells in 5xFAD-Rag2KO mice was associated with upregulation of 95 inflammation genes and amplified number of reactive microglia within the dentate gyrus. Administration of ex vivo expanded Tregs reduced amyloid burden and reactive glial cells in the dentate gyrus and frontal cortex of 5xFAD-Rag2KO mice. Interrogation of inflammation gene expression documented down-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL1A&B, IL6), complement cascade (C1qa, C1qb, C1qc, C4a/b), toll-like receptors (Tlr3, Tlr4 and Tlr7) and microglial activations markers (CD14, Tyrobp,Trem2) following Treg administration. Conclusions Ex vivo expanded Tregs with amplified immunomodulatory function, suppressed neuroinflammation and alleviated AD pathology in vivo. Our results provide preclinical evidences for Treg cell therapy as a potential treatment strategy in AD. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40478-022-01447-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Faridar
- Stanley H. Appel Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6560 Fannin Street, Suite ST-802, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Matthew Vasquez
- Systems Medicine and Bioengineering Department, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Aaron D Thome
- Stanley H. Appel Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6560 Fannin Street, Suite ST-802, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Zheng Yin
- Systems Medicine and Bioengineering Department, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hui Xuan
- Stanley H. Appel Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6560 Fannin Street, Suite ST-802, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jing Hong Wang
- Stanley H. Appel Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6560 Fannin Street, Suite ST-802, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Shixiang Wen
- Stanley H. Appel Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6560 Fannin Street, Suite ST-802, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Xuping Li
- T. T. and W. F. Chao Center for BRAIN, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jason R Thonhoff
- Stanley H. Appel Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6560 Fannin Street, Suite ST-802, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Weihua Zhao
- Stanley H. Appel Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6560 Fannin Street, Suite ST-802, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Hong Zhao
- Systems Medicine and Bioengineering Department, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David R Beers
- Stanley H. Appel Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6560 Fannin Street, Suite ST-802, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Stephen T C Wong
- Systems Medicine and Bioengineering Department, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joseph C Masdeu
- Stanley H. Appel Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6560 Fannin Street, Suite ST-802, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Stanley H Appel
- Stanley H. Appel Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6560 Fannin Street, Suite ST-802, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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9
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Janakiraman H, Becker SA, Bradshaw A, Rubinstein MP, Camp ER. Critical evaluation of an autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cell-based humanized cancer model. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273076. [PMID: 36095023 PMCID: PMC9467357 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of humanized mouse models for oncology is rapidly expanding. Autologous patient-derived systems are particularly attractive as they can model the human cancer's heterogeneity and immune microenvironment. In this study, we developed an autologous humanized mouse cancer model by engrafting NSG mice with patient-derived xenografts and infused matched peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). We first defined the time course of xenogeneic graft-versus-host-disease (xGVHD) and determined that only minimal xGVHD was observed for up to 8 weeks. Next, colorectal and pancreatic cancer patient-derived xenograft bearing NSG mice were infused with 5x106 human PBMCS for development of the humanized cancer models (iPDX). Early after infusion of human PBMCs, iPDX mice demonstrated engraftment of human CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the blood of both colorectal and pancreatic cancer patient-derived models that persisted for up to 8 weeks. At the end of the experiment, iPDX xenografts maintained the features of the primary human tumor including tumor grade and cell type. The iPDX tumors demonstrated infiltration of human CD3+ cells with high PD-1 expression although we observed significant intra and inter- model variability. In summary, the iPDX models reproduced key features of the corresponding human tumor. The observed variability and high PD-1 expression are important considerations that need to be addressed in order to develop a reproducible model system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harinarayanan Janakiraman
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Scott A. Becker
- Molecular and Systems Pharmacology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Alexandra Bradshaw
- Department of Surgery, Medical University Of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States of America
| | - Mark P. Rubinstein
- The Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center–James, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Ernest Ramsay Camp
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
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10
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Lam AJ, Haque M, Ward-Hartstonge KA, Uday P, Wardell CM, Gillies JK, Speck M, Mojibian M, Klein Geltink RI, Levings MK. PTEN is required for human Treg suppression of costimulation in vitro. Eur J Immunol 2022; 52:1482-1497. [PMID: 35746855 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202249888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T cell (Treg) therapy is under clinical investigation for the treatment of transplant rejection, autoimmune disease, and graft-versus-host disease. With the advent of genome editing, attention has turned to reinforcing Treg function for therapeutic benefit. A hallmark of Tregs is dampened activation of PI3K-AKT signalling, of which PTEN is a major negative regulator. Loss-of-function studies of PTEN, however, have not conclusively shown a requirement for PTEN in upholding Treg function and stability. Using CRISPR-based genome editing in human Tregs, we show that PTEN ablation does not cause a global defect in Treg function and stability; rather, it selectively blocks their ability to suppress antigen-presenting cells. PTEN-KO Tregs exhibit elevated glycolytic activity, upregulate FOXP3, maintain a Treg phenotype, and have no discernable defects in lineage stability. Functionally, PTEN is dispensable for human Treg-mediated inhibition of T cell activity in vitro and in vivo, but is required for suppression of costimulatory molecule expression by antigen-presenting cells. These data are the first to define a role for a signalling pathway in controlling a subset of human Treg activity. Moreover, they point to the functional necessity of PTEN-regulated PI3K-AKT activity for optimal human Treg function. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avery J Lam
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Manjurul Haque
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Kirsten A Ward-Hartstonge
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Prakruti Uday
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Christine M Wardell
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Jana K Gillies
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Madeleine Speck
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Majid Mojibian
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Ramon I Klein Geltink
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2B5, Canada.,Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Megan K Levings
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada.,School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada
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11
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Campe J, Ullrich E. T Helper Cell Lineage-Defining Transcription Factors: Potent Targets for Specific GVHD Therapy? Front Immunol 2022; 12:806529. [PMID: 35069590 PMCID: PMC8766661 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.806529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) represents a potent and potentially curative treatment for many hematopoietic malignancies and hematologic disorders in adults and children. The donor-derived immunity, elicited by the stem cell transplant, can prevent disease relapse but is also responsible for the induction of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). The pathophysiology of acute GVHD is not completely understood yet. In general, acute GVHD is driven by the inflammatory and cytotoxic effect of alloreactive donor T cells. Since several experimental approaches indicate that CD4 T cells play an important role in initiation and progression of acute GVHD, the contribution of the different CD4 T helper (Th) cell subtypes in the pathomechanism and regulation of the disease is a central point of current research. Th lineages derive from naïve CD4 T cell progenitors and lineage commitment is initiated by the surrounding cytokine milieu and subsequent changes in the transcription factor (TF) profile. Each T cell subtype has its own effector characteristics, immunologic function, and lineage specific cytokine profile, leading to the association with different immune responses and diseases. Acute GVHD is thought to be mainly driven by the Th1/Th17 axis, whereas Treg cells are attributed to attenuate GVHD effects. As the differentiation of each Th subset highly depends on the specific composition of activating and repressing TFs, these present a potent target to alter the Th cell landscape towards a GVHD-ameliorating direction, e.g. by inhibiting Th1 and Th17 differentiation. The finding, that targeting of Th1 and Th17 differentiation appears more effective for GVHD-prevention than a strategy to inhibit Th1 and Th17 cytokines supports this concept. In this review, we shed light on the current advances of potent TF inhibitors to alter Th cell differentiation and consecutively attenuate GVHD. We will focus especially on preclinical studies and outcomes of TF inhibition in murine GVHD models. Finally, we will point out the possible impact of a Th cell subset-specific immune modulation in context of GVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Campe
- Experimental Immunology, Children's University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Children's University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Evelyn Ullrich
- Experimental Immunology, Children's University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Children's University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung (DKTK)), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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12
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Baeten P, Van Zeebroeck L, Kleinewietfeld M, Hellings N, Broux B. Improving the Efficacy of Regulatory T Cell Therapy. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2021; 62:363-381. [PMID: 34224053 PMCID: PMC8256646 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-021-08866-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmunity is caused by an unbalanced immune system, giving rise to a variety of organ-specific to system disorders. Patients with autoimmune diseases are commonly treated with broad-acting immunomodulatory drugs, with the risk of severe side effects. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) have the inherent capacity to induce peripheral tolerance as well as tissue regeneration and are therefore a prime candidate to use as cell therapy in patients with autoimmune disorders. (Pre)clinical studies using Treg therapy have already established safety and feasibility, and some show clinical benefits. However, Tregs are known to be functionally impaired in autoimmune diseases. Therefore, ex vivo manipulation to boost and stably maintain their suppressive function is necessary when considering autologous transplantation. Similar to autoimmunity, severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is characterized by an exaggerated immune reaction and altered Treg responses. In light of this, Treg-based therapies are currently under investigation to treat severe COVID-19. This review provides a detailed overview of the current progress and clinical challenges of Treg therapy for autoimmune and hyperinflammatory diseases, with a focus on recent successes of ex vivo Treg manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulien Baeten
- Neuro-Immune Connections and Repair Lab, Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,University MS Center, Campus Diepenbeek, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Lauren Van Zeebroeck
- University MS Center, Campus Diepenbeek, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,VIB Laboratory of Translational Immunomodulation, Center for Inflammation Research (IRC), Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Markus Kleinewietfeld
- University MS Center, Campus Diepenbeek, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,VIB Laboratory of Translational Immunomodulation, Center for Inflammation Research (IRC), Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Niels Hellings
- Neuro-Immune Connections and Repair Lab, Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,University MS Center, Campus Diepenbeek, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Bieke Broux
- Neuro-Immune Connections and Repair Lab, Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium. .,University MS Center, Campus Diepenbeek, Diepenbeek, Belgium. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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13
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Abeynaike S, Paust S. Humanized Mice for the Evaluation of Novel HIV-1 Therapies. Front Immunol 2021; 12:636775. [PMID: 33868262 PMCID: PMC8047330 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.636775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With the discovery of antiretroviral therapy, HIV-1 infection has transitioned into a manageable but chronic illness, which requires lifelong treatment. Nevertheless, complete eradication of the virus has still eluded us. This is partly due to the virus’s ability to remain in a dormant state in tissue reservoirs, ‘hidden’ from the host’s immune system. Also, the high mutation rate of HIV-1 results in escape mutations in response to many therapeutics. Regardless, the development of novel cures for HIV-1 continues to move forward with a range of approaches from immunotherapy to gene editing. However, to evaluate in vivo pathogenesis and the efficacy and safety of therapeutic approaches, a suitable animal model is necessary. To this end, the humanized mouse was developed by McCune in 1988 and has continued to be improved on over the past 30 years. Here, we review the variety of humanized mouse models that have been utilized through the years and describe their specific contribution in translating HIV-1 cure strategies to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn Abeynaike
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States.,The Skaggs Graduate Program in Chemical and Biological Sciences, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Silke Paust
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States.,The Skaggs Graduate Program in Chemical and Biological Sciences, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
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14
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Compte M, Harwood SL, Erce-Llamazares A, Tapia-Galisteo A, Romero E, Ferrer I, Garrido-Martin EM, Enguita AB, Ochoa MC, Blanco B, Oteo M, Merino N, Nehme-Álvarez D, Hangiu O, Domínguez-Alonso C, Zonca M, Ramírez-Fernández A, Blanco FJ, Morcillo MA, Muñoz IG, Melero I, Rodriguez-Peralto JL, Paz-Ares L, Sanz L, Alvarez-Vallina L. An Fc-free EGFR-specific 4-1BB-agonistic Trimerbody Displays Broad Antitumor Activity in Humanized Murine Cancer Models without Toxicity. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:3167-3177. [PMID: 33785484 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-4625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The induction of 4-1BB signaling by agonistic antibodies can drive the activation and proliferation of effector T cells and thereby enhance a T-cell-mediated antitumor response. Systemic administration of anti-4-1BB-agonistic IgGs, although effective preclinically, has not advanced in clinical development due to their severe hepatotoxicity. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Here, we generated a humanized EGFR-specific 4-1BB-agonistic trimerbody, which replaces the IgG Fc region with a human collagen homotrimerization domain. It was characterized by structural analysis and in vitro functional studies. We also assessed pharmacokinetics, antitumor efficacy, and toxicity in vivo. RESULTS In the presence of a T-cell receptor signal, the trimerbody provided potent T-cell costimulation that was strictly dependent on 4-1BB hyperclustering at the point of contact with a tumor antigen-displaying cell surface. It exhibits significant antitumor activity in vivo, without hepatotoxicity, in a wide range of human tumors including colorectal and breast cancer cell-derived xenografts, and non-small cell lung cancer patient-derived xenografts associated with increased tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells. The combination of the trimerbody with a PD-L1 blocker led to increased IFNγ secretion in vitro and resulted in tumor regression in humanized mice bearing aggressive triple-negative breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate the nontoxic broad antitumor activity of humanized Fc-free tumor-specific 4-1BB-agonistic trimerbodies and their synergy with checkpoint blockers, which may provide a way to elicit responses in most patients with cancer while avoiding Fc-mediated adverse reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Compte
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Leadartis SL, Madrid, Spain
| | - Seandean L Harwood
- Immunotherapy and Cell Engineering Laboratory, Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ainhoa Erce-Llamazares
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Leadartis SL, Madrid, Spain.,Cancer Immunotherapy Unit (UNICA), Department of Immunology, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Immuno-Oncology and Immunotherapy Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Tapia-Galisteo
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Romero
- Biomedical Applications and Pharmacokinetics Unit, Centro de investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Ferrer
- H12O-CNIO Lung Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre (imas12), and Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Oncología (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva M Garrido-Martin
- H12O-CNIO Lung Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre (imas12), and Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Oncología (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana B Enguita
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Pathology. Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria C Ochoa
- Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Belén Blanco
- Cancer Immunotherapy Unit (UNICA), Department of Immunology, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Immuno-Oncology and Immunotherapy Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Oteo
- Biomedical Applications and Pharmacokinetics Unit, Centro de investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nekane Merino
- Structural Biology Unit, CIC bioGUNE, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Derio, Spain
| | - Daniel Nehme-Álvarez
- Cancer Immunotherapy Unit (UNICA), Department of Immunology, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Immuno-Oncology and Immunotherapy Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Oana Hangiu
- Cancer Immunotherapy Unit (UNICA), Department of Immunology, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Immuno-Oncology and Immunotherapy Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Domínguez-Alonso
- Cancer Immunotherapy Unit (UNICA), Department of Immunology, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Immuno-Oncology and Immunotherapy Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuela Zonca
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Leadartis SL, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel Ramírez-Fernández
- Cancer Immunotherapy Unit (UNICA), Department of Immunology, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Immuno-Oncology and Immunotherapy Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J Blanco
- Structural and Chemical Biology Department, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CIB-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Morcillo
- Biomedical Applications and Pharmacokinetics Unit, Centro de investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ines G Muñoz
- Crystallography and Protein Engineering Unit, Structural Biology Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Melero
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Oncología (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Immunology, University Clinic, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - José L Rodriguez-Peralto
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Oncología (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Pathology. Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.,Cutaneous Oncology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Paz-Ares
- H12O-CNIO Lung Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre (imas12), and Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Oncología (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Sanz
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Alvarez-Vallina
- Immunotherapy and Cell Engineering Laboratory, Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark. .,Cancer Immunotherapy Unit (UNICA), Department of Immunology, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Immuno-Oncology and Immunotherapy Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
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15
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Lee JG, Jaeger KE, Seki Y, Wei Lim Y, Cunha C, Vuchkovska A, Nelson AJ, Nikolai A, Kim D, Nishimura M, Knight KL, White P, Iwashima M. Human CD36 hi monocytes induce Foxp3 + CD25 + T cells with regulatory functions from CD4 and CD8 subsets. Immunology 2021; 163:293-309. [PMID: 33524161 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The fetal and neonatal immune systems are uniquely poised to generate tolerance to self, maternal and environmental antigens encountered in the womb and shortly after birth. However, the tolerogenic nature of fetal and neonatal immunity can be detrimental in the context of pathogens, leading to overwhelming bacterial infections or chronic viral infections. A variety of mechanisms contribute to fetal and neonatal tolerance, including a propensity to generate Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Treg cells). However, the mechanism(s) of fetal Foxp3+ T-cell differentiation, the specific antigen-presenting cells required and factors that inhibit Treg generation after the neonatal period are poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that a subset of CD14+ monocytes expressing the scavenger molecule, CD36, can generate CD4+ and CD8+ T cells that coexpress Foxp3 and T-bet from both umbilical cord blood. These Foxp3+ T-bet+ T cells potently suppress T-cell proliferation and ameliorate xenogeneic graft-versus-host disease. CD14+ CD36+ monocytes provide known Treg-inducing signals: membrane-bound transforming growth factor-beta and retinoic acid. Unexpectedly, adult peripheral blood monocytes are also capable of inducing Foxp3+ T cells from both cord blood and adult peripheral naïve T cells. The induction of Foxp3+ T cells in umbilical cord blood by monocytes was inhibited by the lymphoid fraction of adult peripheral blood cells. These studies highlight a novel immunoregulatory role of monocytes and suggest that antigen presentation by CD36hi monocytes may contribute to the peripheral development of Foxp3+ T-bet+ T cells with regulatory functions in both neonates and adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica G Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA.,Van Kampen Cardio-Pulmonary Research Laboratory, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Kathleen E Jaeger
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA.,Van Kampen Cardio-Pulmonary Research Laboratory, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Yoichi Seki
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Yi Wei Lim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA.,Van Kampen Cardio-Pulmonary Research Laboratory, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Christina Cunha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA.,Van Kampen Cardio-Pulmonary Research Laboratory, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Aleksandra Vuchkovska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA.,Van Kampen Cardio-Pulmonary Research Laboratory, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Alexander J Nelson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA.,Van Kampen Cardio-Pulmonary Research Laboratory, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Anya Nikolai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA.,Van Kampen Cardio-Pulmonary Research Laboratory, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Dan Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Michael Nishimura
- Department of Surgery, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Katherine L Knight
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Paula White
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Makio Iwashima
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA.,Van Kampen Cardio-Pulmonary Research Laboratory, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
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16
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Albayati S, Vemulapalli H, Tsygankov AY, Liverani E. P2Y 12 antagonism results in altered interactions between platelets and regulatory T cells during sepsis. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 110:141-153. [PMID: 33242353 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3a0220-097r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a complex clinical condition resulting from a serious bloodstream infection. With mortality rates as high as 50%, improved treatments are needed. Regulatory T cells (Tregs), a subset of T lymphocytes, promote the resolution of inflammation. Septic patients have elevated levels of circulating Tregs. Platelets influence the proliferation and activation of Tregs in vitro. However, modulating platelet-Tregs interaction during sepsis may restraing Treg proliferation, leading to the restoration of immunologic homeostasis. P2Y12 is a purinergic receptor present on platelets and T lymphocytes. Blocking P2Y12 improves the outcome of sepsis. We investigated whether blocking P2Y12 alters platelet-Treg interaction in vivo. We used the murine model of sepsis, cecal ligation, and puncture (CLP) and we blocked P2Y12 using the P2Y12 antagonist, clopidogrel. Twenty-four hours after surgery, we measured Treg population sizes in the spleens of the Sham, CLP, and CLP + clopidogrel groups. We investigated the effect of blocking P2Y12 in vitro using cocultures of human platelets and T cells with or without anti-CD3/CD28. P2Y12 was blocked using AR-C69931MX. Treg population sizes were reduced in the septic mice treated with clopidogrel compared with untreated septic mice. Aggregation of platelets and CD4+ T cells was reduced in treated CLP mice compared with untreated CLP mice. P2Y12 antagonism changes how platelets influence T cells in vitro, depending on T-cell activation. In conclusion, blockade of the P2Y12 signaling pathway restrains Treg proliferation in vivo and in vitro. Targeting platelets to control Treg proliferation and activity may be a promising strategy for treating sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samara Albayati
- Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3420 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Harika Vemulapalli
- Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3420 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Alexander Y Tsygankov
- Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3420 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology Temple University School of Medicine, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elisabetta Liverani
- Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3420 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
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17
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Sato Y, Passerini L, Piening BD, Uyeda MJ, Goodwin M, Gregori S, Snyder MP, Bertaina A, Roncarolo M, Bacchetta R. Human-engineered Treg-like cells suppress FOXP3-deficient T cells but preserve adaptive immune responses in vivo. Clin Transl Immunology 2020; 9:e1214. [PMID: 33304583 PMCID: PMC7688376 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Genetic or acquired defects in FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a key role in many immune-mediated diseases including immune dysregulation polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked (IPEX) syndrome. Previously, we demonstrated CD4+ T cells from healthy donors and IPEX patients can be converted into functional Treg-like cells by lentiviral transfer of FOXP3 (CD4LVFOXP3). These CD4LVFOXP3 cells have potent regulatory function, suggesting their potential as an innovative therapeutic. Here, we present molecular and preclinical in vivo data supporting CD4LVFOXP3 cell clinical progression. METHODS The molecular characterisation of CD4LVFOXP3 cells included flow cytometry, qPCR, RNA-seq and TCR-seq. The in vivo suppressive function of CD4LVFOXP3 cells was assessed in xenograft-versus-host disease (xeno-GvHD) and FOXP3-deficient IPEX-like humanised mouse models. The safety of CD4LVFOXP3 cells was evaluated using peripheral blood (PB) humanised (hu)- mice testing their impact on immune response against pathogens, and immune surveillance against tumor antigens. RESULTS We demonstrate that the conversion of CD4+ T cells to CD4LVFOXP3 cells leads to specific transcriptional changes as compared to CD4+ T-cell transduction in the absence of FOXP3, including upregulation of Treg-related genes. Furthermore, we observe specific preservation of a polyclonal TCR repertoire during in vitro cell production. Both allogeneic and autologous CD4LVFOXP3 cells protect from xeno-GvHD after two sequential infusions of effector T cells. CD4LVFOXP3 cells prevent hyper-proliferation of CD4+ memory T cells in the FOXP3-deficient IPEX-like hu-mice. CD4LVFOXP3 cells do not impede in vivo expansion of antigen-primed T cells or tumor clearance in the PB hu-mice. CONCLUSION These data support the clinical readiness of CD4LVFOXP3 cells to treat IPEX syndrome and other immune-mediated diseases caused by insufficient or dysfunctional FOXP3+ Tregs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Sato
- Department of PediatricsDivision of Hematology, OncologyStem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative MedicineStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUSA
| | - Laura Passerini
- Mechanisms of Peripheral Tolerance UnitSan Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR‐TIGET)IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Brian D Piening
- Earle A Chiles Research InstituteProvidence Portland Medical CenterPortlandORUSA
| | - Molly Javier Uyeda
- Department of PediatricsDivision of Hematology, OncologyStem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative MedicineStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUSA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative MedicineStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUSA
| | - Marianne Goodwin
- Department of PediatricsDivision of Hematology, OncologyStem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative MedicineStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUSA
| | - Silvia Gregori
- Mechanisms of Peripheral Tolerance UnitSan Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR‐TIGET)IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Michael P Snyder
- Department of GeneticsStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUSA
| | - Alice Bertaina
- Department of PediatricsDivision of Hematology, OncologyStem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative MedicineStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUSA
| | - Maria‐Grazia Roncarolo
- Department of PediatricsDivision of Hematology, OncologyStem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative MedicineStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUSA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative MedicineStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUSA
- Center for Definitive and Curative Medicine (CDCM)Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUSA
| | - Rosa Bacchetta
- Department of PediatricsDivision of Hematology, OncologyStem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative MedicineStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUSA
- Center for Definitive and Curative Medicine (CDCM)Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUSA
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18
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Stokes J, Hoffman EA, Molina MS, Kummet N, Simpson RJ, Zeng Y, Katsanis E. Bendamustine with total body irradiation conditioning yields tolerant T-cells while preserving T-cell-dependent graft-versus-leukemia. Oncoimmunology 2020; 9:1758011. [PMID: 32391190 PMCID: PMC7199810 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2020.1758011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) remains a significant impediment to allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) success, necessitating studies focused on alleviating GvHD, while preserving the graft-versus-leukemia (GvL) effect. Based on our previous studies showing bendamustine with total body irradiation (BEN-TBI) conditioning reduces GvHD compared to the current clinical standard of care cyclophosphamide (CY)-TBI in a murine MHC-mismatched bone marrow transplantation (BMT) model, this study aimed to evaluate the role and fate of donor T-cells following BEN-TBI conditioning. We demonstrate that BEN-TBI reduces GvHD compared to CY-TBI independently of T regulatory cells (Tregs). BEN-TBI conditioned mice have a smaller proportion and less activated donor T-cells, with lower CD47 expression, early post-transplant, but no sustained phenotypic differences in T-cells. In BEN-TBI conditioned mice, donor T-cells gain tolerance specific to host MHC antigens. Though these T-cells are tolerant to host antigens, we demonstrate that BEN-TBI preserves a T-cell-dependent GvL effect. These findings indicate that BEN-TBI conditioning reduces GvHD without compromising GvL, warranting its further investigation as a potentially safer and more efficacious clinical alternative to CY-TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Stokes
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Emely A Hoffman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Megan S Molina
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Nicole Kummet
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Richard J Simpson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.,The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Yi Zeng
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.,The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Emmanuel Katsanis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.,The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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19
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Mancusi A, Piccinelli S, Velardi A, Pierini A. CD4 +FOXP3 + Regulatory T Cell Therapies in HLA Haploidentical Hematopoietic Transplantation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2901. [PMID: 31921162 PMCID: PMC6927932 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Since their discovery CD4+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) represented a promising tool to induce tolerance in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Preclinical models proved that adoptive transfer of Tregs or the use of compounds that can favor their function in vivo are effective for prevention and treatment of graft-vs.-host disease (GvHD). Following these findings, Treg-based therapies have been employed in clinical trials. Adoptive immunotherapy with Tregs effectively prevents GvHD induced by alloreactive T cells in the setting of one HLA haplotype mismatched hematopoietic transplantation. The absence of post transplant pharmacologic immunosuppression unleashes T-cell mediated graft-vs.-tumor (GvT) effect, which results in an unprecedented, almost complete control of leukemia relapse in this setting. In the present review, we will report preclinical studies and clinical trials that demonstrate Treg ability to promote donor engraftment, protect from GvHD and improve GvT effect. We will also discuss new strategies to further enhance in vivo efficacy of Treg-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Mancusi
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology and Bone Marrow Transplant Program, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Sara Piccinelli
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology and Bone Marrow Transplant Program, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Andrea Velardi
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology and Bone Marrow Transplant Program, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Antonio Pierini
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology and Bone Marrow Transplant Program, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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20
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Marin E, Bouchet-Delbos L, Renoult O, Louvet C, Nerriere-Daguin V, Managh AJ, Even A, Giraud M, Vu Manh TP, Aguesse A, Bériou G, Chiffoleau E, Alliot-Licht B, Prieur X, Croyal M, Hutchinson JA, Obermajer N, Geissler EK, Vanhove B, Blancho G, Dalod M, Josien R, Pecqueur C, Cuturi MC, Moreau A. Human Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells Regulate Immune Responses through Lactate Synthesis. Cell Metab 2019; 30:1075-1090.e8. [PMID: 31801055 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cell therapy is a promising strategy for treating patients suffering from autoimmune or inflammatory diseases or receiving a transplant. Based on our preclinical studies, we have generated human autologous tolerogenic dendritic cells (ATDCs), which are being tested in a first-in-man clinical trial in kidney transplant recipients. Here, we report that ATDCs represent a unique subset of monocyte-derived cells based on phenotypic, transcriptomic, and metabolic analyses. ATDCs are characterized by their suppression of T cell proliferation and their expansion of Tregs through secreted factors. ATDCs produce high levels of lactate that shape T cell responses toward tolerance. Indeed, T cells take up ATDC-secreted lactate, leading to a decrease of their glycolysis. In vivo, ATDCs promote elevated levels of circulating lactate and delay graft-versus-host disease by reducing T cell proliferative capacity. The suppression of T cell immunity through lactate production by ATDCs is a novel mechanism that distinguishes ATDCs from other cell-based immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eros Marin
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Laurence Bouchet-Delbos
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Ophélie Renoult
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes-Angers UMR1232, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Cédric Louvet
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Véronique Nerriere-Daguin
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, ITUN, Nantes, France; LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France
| | - Amy J Managh
- Centre for Analytical Science, Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Amandine Even
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Matthieu Giraud
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Thien Phong Vu Manh
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Marseille, France
| | - Audrey Aguesse
- UMR 1280 PhAN, Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, INRA, CRNHO, West Human Nutrition Research Center, Nantes, France
| | - Gaelle Bériou
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Elise Chiffoleau
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Brigitte Alliot-Licht
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, ITUN, Nantes, France; Faculté d'Odontologie, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Xavier Prieur
- Institut du Thorax, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Mikael Croyal
- UMR 1280 PhAN, Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, INRA, CRNHO, West Human Nutrition Research Center, Nantes, France
| | - James A Hutchinson
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Natasa Obermajer
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Edward K Geissler
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Bernard Vanhove
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, ITUN, Nantes, France; LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France
| | - Gilles Blancho
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Marc Dalod
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Marseille, France
| | - Régis Josien
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, ITUN, Nantes, France; Laboratoire d'Immunologie, CHU Nantes, Nantes Université, Nantes, France
| | - Claire Pecqueur
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes-Angers UMR1232, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France
| | - Maria-Cristina Cuturi
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, ITUN, Nantes, France; LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France
| | - Aurélie Moreau
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, ITUN, Nantes, France; LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France.
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21
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Elias S, Rudensky AY. Therapeutic use of regulatory T cells for graft-versus-host disease. Br J Haematol 2019; 187:25-38. [PMID: 31418827 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.16157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Treg cells) represent a CD4+ T-cell lineage that plays a critical role in restraining immune responses to self and foreign antigens and associated inflammation. Due to the suppressive function of Treg cells, inhibition or ablation of these cells can be used to boost the immunity against malignant cells. On the other hand, augmenting the activity of Treg cells can be employed for the treatment of inflammatory or autoimmune diseases and allogeneic conflicts associated with transplantation. Graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). In this review, we describe basic biological properties of Treg cells and their role in GvHD. We focus on the application of adoptive transfer of Treg cells and the therapeutic modulation of their activity for the prevention and treatment of GvHD in pre-clinical models and in clinical settings. We also discuss the main obstacles to applying Treg cell-based therapies for GvHD in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shlomo Elias
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Immunology Program and Ludwig Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexander Y Rudensky
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Immunology Program and Ludwig Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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22
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Ulbar F, Montemurro T, Jofra T, Capri M, Comai G, Bertuzzo V, Lavazza C, Mandelli A, Viganò M, Budelli S, Bacalini MG, Pirazzini C, Garagnani P, Giudice V, Sollazzo D, Curti A, Arpinati M, La Manna G, Cescon M, Pinna AD, Franceschi C, Battaglia M, Giordano R, Catani L, Lemoli RM. Regulatory T cells from patients with end-stage organ disease can be isolated, expanded and cryopreserved according good manufacturing practice improving their function. J Transl Med 2019; 17:250. [PMID: 31383037 PMCID: PMC6683529 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-2004-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Here, we isolated, expanded and functionally characterized regulatory T cells (Tregs) from patients with end stage kidney and liver disease, waiting for kidney/liver transplantation (KT/LT), with the aim to establish a suitable method to obtain large numbers of immunomodulatory cells for adoptive immunotherapy post-transplantation. Methods We first established a preclinical protocol for expansion/isolation of Tregs from peripheral blood of LT/KT patients. We then scaled up and optimized such protocol according to good manufacturing practice (GMP) to obtain high numbers of purified Tregs which were phenotypically and functionally characterized in vitro and in vivo in a xenogeneic acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) mouse model. Specifically, immunodepressed mice (NOD-SCID-gamma KO mice) received human effector T cells with or without GMP-produced Tregs to prevent the onset of xenogeneic GVHD. Results Our small scale Treg isolation/expansion protocol generated functional Tregs. Interestingly, cryopreservation/thawing did not impair phenotype/function and DNA methylation pattern of FOXP3 gene of the expanded Tregs. Fully functional Tregs were also isolated/expanded from KT and LT patients according to GMP. In the mouse model, GMP Tregs from LT or KT patient proved to be safe and show a trend toward reduced lethality of acute GVHD. Conclusions These data demonstrate that expanded/thawed GMP-Tregs from patients with end-stage organ disease are fully functional in vitro. Moreover, their infusion is safe and results in a trend toward reduced lethality of acute GVHD in vivo, further supporting Tregs-based adoptive immunotherapy in solid organ transplantation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12967-019-2004-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Ulbar
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Institute of Hematology "L. e A. Seràgnoli", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Tiziana Montemurro
- Cell Factory, Unit of Cellular Therapy and Cryobiology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Tatiana Jofra
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Miriam Capri
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giorgia Comai
- Nephrology Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Bertuzzo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristiana Lavazza
- Cell Factory, Unit of Cellular Therapy and Cryobiology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Mandelli
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Mariele Viganò
- Cell Factory, Unit of Cellular Therapy and Cryobiology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Budelli
- Cell Factory, Unit of Cellular Therapy and Cryobiology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,EPIGET LAB, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Pirazzini
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Garagnani
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Laboratory of Cell Biology, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy.,Unit of Bologna, CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics, Bologna, Italy.,Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), St. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valeria Giudice
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna S. Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Daria Sollazzo
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Institute of Hematology "L. e A. Seràgnoli", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonio Curti
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Institute of Hematology "L. e A. Seràgnoli", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mario Arpinati
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Institute of Hematology "L. e A. Seràgnoli", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gaetano La Manna
- Nephrology Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Cescon
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - Manuela Battaglia
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosaria Giordano
- Cell Factory, Unit of Cellular Therapy and Cryobiology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Catani
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Institute of Hematology "L. e A. Seràgnoli", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Roberto Massimo Lemoli
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna S. Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy.,Clinic of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine (DiMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico S. Martino, Genoa, Italy
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23
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Schinnerling K, Rosas C, Soto L, Thomas R, Aguillón JC. Humanized Mouse Models of Rheumatoid Arthritis for Studies on Immunopathogenesis and Preclinical Testing of Cell-Based Therapies. Front Immunol 2019; 10:203. [PMID: 30837986 PMCID: PMC6389733 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Rodent models of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have been used over decades to study the immunopathogenesis of the disease and to explore intervention strategies. Nevertheless, mouse models of RA reach their limit when it comes to testing of new therapeutic approaches such as cell-based therapies. Differences between the human and the murine immune system make it difficult to draw reliable conclusions about the success of immunotherapies. To overcome this issue, humanized mouse models have been established that mimic components of the human immune system in mice. Two main strategies have been pursued for humanization: the introduction of human transgenes such as human leukocyte antigen molecules or specific T cell receptors, and the generation of mouse/human chimera by transferring human cells or tissues into immunodeficient mice. Recently, both approaches have been combined to achieve more sophisticated humanized models of autoimmune diseases. This review discusses limitations of conventional mouse models of RA-like disease and provides a closer look into studies in humanized mice exploring their usefulness and necessity as preclinical models for testing of cell-based therapies in autoimmune diseases such as RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katina Schinnerling
- Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Immune Regulation and Tolerance Research Group, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Rosas
- Departamento de Ciencias Morfológicas, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lilian Soto
- Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Immune Regulation and Tolerance Research Group, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Unidad de Dolor, Departamento de Medicina, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ranjeny Thomas
- Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Juan Carlos Aguillón
- Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Immune Regulation and Tolerance Research Group, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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24
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Co-activation of macrophages and T cells contribute to chronic GVHD in human IL-6 transgenic humanised mouse model. EBioMedicine 2019; 41:584-596. [PMID: 30772305 PMCID: PMC6441951 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Graft-versus host disease (GVHD) is a complication of stem cell transplantation associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Non-specific immune-suppression, the mainstay of treatment, may result in immune-surveillance dysfunction and disease recurrence. Methods We created humanised mice model for chronic GVHD (cGVHD) by injecting cord blood (CB)-derived human CD34+CD38−CD45RA− haematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) into hIL-6 transgenic NOD/SCID/Il2rgKO (NSG) newborns, and compared GVHD progression with NSG newborns receiving CB CD34− cells mimicking acute GVHD. We characterised human immune cell subsets, target organ infiltration, T-cell repertoire (TCR) and transcriptome in the humanised mice. Findings In cGVHD humanised mice, we found activation of T cells in the spleen, lung, liver, and skin, activation of macrophages in lung and liver, and loss of appendages in skin, obstruction of bronchioles in lung and portal fibrosis in liver recapitulating cGVHD. Acute GVHD humanised mice showed activation of T cells with skewed TCR repertoire without significant macrophage activation. Interpretation Using humanised mouse models, we demonstrated distinct immune mechanisms contributing acute and chronic GVHD. In cGVHD model, co-activation of human HSPC-derived macrophages and T cells educated in the recipient thymus contributed to delayed onset, multi-organ disease. In acute GVHD model, mature human T cells contained in the graft resulted in rapid disease progression. These humanised mouse models may facilitate future development of new molecular medicine targeting GVHD.
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25
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Poe JC, Jia W, Di Paolo JA, Reyes NJ, Kim JY, Su H, Sundy JS, Cardones AR, Perez VL, Chen BJ, Chao NJ, Cardona DM, Saban DR, Sarantopoulos S. SYK inhibitor entospletinib prevents ocular and skin GVHD in mice. JCI Insight 2018; 3:122430. [PMID: 30282825 PMCID: PMC6237454 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.122430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a major complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT). The tyrosine kinase SYK contributes to both acute and chronic GVHD development, making it an attractive target for GVHD prevention. Entospletinib (ENTO) is a second-generation highly selective SYK inhibitor with a high safety profile. Potential utility of ENTO as GVHD prophylaxis in patients was examined using a preclinical mouse model of eye and skin GVHD and ENTO-compounded chow. We found that early SYK inhibition improved blood immune cell reconstitution in GVHD mice and prolonged survival, with 60% of mice surviving to day +120 compared with 10% of mice treated with placebo. Compared with mice receiving placebo, mice receiving ENTO had dramatic improvements in clinical eye scores, alopecia scores, and skin scores. Infiltrating SYK+ cells expressing B220 or F4/80, resembling SYK+ cells found in lichenoid skin lesions of chronic GVHD patients, were abundant in the skin of placebo mice but were rare in ENTO-treated mice. Thus, ENTO given early after HCT safely prevented GVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan C Poe
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Wei Jia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Julie A Di Paolo
- Department of Biology, Gilead Sciences, Foster City, California, USA
| | - Nancy J Reyes
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ji Yun Kim
- Department of Biology, Gilead Sciences, Foster City, California, USA
| | - Hsuan Su
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - John S Sundy
- Inflammation/Respiratory Section, Gilead Sciences, Foster City, California, USA
| | | | - Victor L Perez
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Benny J Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nelson J Chao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Diana M Cardona
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Daniel R Saban
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Stefanie Sarantopoulos
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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26
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Le Poole IC, Mehrotra S. Replenishing Regulatory T Cells to Halt Depigmentation in Vitiligo. J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc 2018; 18:S38-S45. [PMID: 28941492 DOI: 10.1016/j.jisp.2016.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vitiligo is a cutaneous autoimmune disease, especially devastating to patients with darker skin tones because of the contrast between unaffected and lesional skin. We studied immune cells infiltrating vitiligo skin and found very few regulatory T cells (Tregs). Vitiligo was not associated with a reduced frequency or function of circulating Tregs. To manipulate Treg function, we used mouse models expressing melanocyte-reactive TCRs, following changes in pelage color. We also isolated splenocytes to measure Treg function and evaluated cutaneous Treg abundance. Even small numbers of Tregs transferred into depigmenting mice could effectively interfere with depigmentation. The same holds true for treatment with rapamycin, readily translatable for use in human patients; such treatment may be well tolerated. Because vitiligo skin is relatively devoid of cells that produce the chemokine CCL22, whereas circulating Tregs express normal levels of its receptor CCR4, we overexpressed Ccl22 in the skin of vitiligo-prone mice to assess the resulting levels of depigmentation. Markedly reduced depigmentation was accompanied by Treg infiltration to the skin. With several options available to support a healthy balance between Tregs and effector T cells, the next challenge will be to render such treatment antigen specific and avoid general immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Caroline Le Poole
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology/Immunology, Oncology Research Institute, Loyola University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
| | - Shikhar Mehrotra
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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27
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Naserian S, Leclerc M, Thiolat A, Pilon C, Le Bret C, Belkacemi Y, Maury S, Charlotte F, Cohen JL. Simple, Reproducible, and Efficient Clinical Grading System for Murine Models of Acute Graft-versus-Host Disease. Front Immunol 2018; 9:10. [PMID: 29403494 PMCID: PMC5786520 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) represents a challenging complication after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Despite the intensive preclinical research in the field of prevention and treatment of aGVHD, and the presence of a well-established clinical grading system to evaluate human aGVHD, such a valid tool is still lacking for the evaluation of murine aGVHD. Indeed, several scoring systems have been reported, but none of them has been properly evaluated and they all share some limitations: they incompletely reflect the disease, rely on severity stages that are distinguished by subjective assessment of clinical criteria and are not easy to discriminate, which could render evaluation more time consuming, and their reproducibility among different experimenters is uncertain. Consequently, clinical murine aGVHD description is often based merely on animal weight loss and mortality. Here, we propose a simple scoring system of aGVHD relying on the binary (yes or no) evaluation of five important visual parameters that reflect the complexity of the disease without the need to sacrifice the mice. We show that this scoring system is consistent with the gold standard histological staging of aGVHD across several donor/recipient mice combinations. This system is also a strong predictor of survival of recipient mice when used early after transplant and is highly reproducible between experimenters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Naserian
- Université Paris-Est, UMR_S955, Université Paris-Est Créteil Val de Marne, Créteil, France.,INSERM, U955, Equipe 21, Créteil, France
| | - Mathieu Leclerc
- Université Paris-Est, UMR_S955, Université Paris-Est Créteil Val de Marne, Créteil, France.,INSERM, U955, Equipe 21, Créteil, France.,APHP, Service d'hématologie Clinique, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
| | - Allan Thiolat
- Université Paris-Est, UMR_S955, Université Paris-Est Créteil Val de Marne, Créteil, France.,INSERM, U955, Equipe 21, Créteil, France
| | - Caroline Pilon
- Université Paris-Est, UMR_S955, Université Paris-Est Créteil Val de Marne, Créteil, France.,INSERM, U955, Equipe 21, Créteil, France.,UPEC, APHP, INSERM, CIC Biothérapie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
| | - Cindy Le Bret
- Université Paris-Est Créteil Val de Marne, APHP, Service d'Oncologie-Radiothérapie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
| | - Yazid Belkacemi
- Université Paris-Est Créteil Val de Marne, APHP, Service d'Oncologie-Radiothérapie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
| | - Sébastien Maury
- Université Paris-Est, UMR_S955, Université Paris-Est Créteil Val de Marne, Créteil, France.,INSERM, U955, Equipe 21, Créteil, France.,APHP, Service d'hématologie Clinique, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
| | - Frédéric Charlotte
- APHP, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Service d'Anatomopathologie, Paris, France
| | - José L Cohen
- Université Paris-Est, UMR_S955, Université Paris-Est Créteil Val de Marne, Créteil, France.,INSERM, U955, Equipe 21, Créteil, France.,UPEC, APHP, INSERM, CIC Biothérapie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
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28
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Ito R, Takahashi T, Ito M. Humanized mouse models: Application to human diseases. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:3723-3728. [PMID: 28598567 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Humanized mice are superior to rodents for preclinical evaluation of the efficacy and safety of drug candidates using human cells or tissues. During the past decade, humanized mouse technology has been greatly advanced by the establishment of novel platforms of genetically modified immunodeficient mice. Several human diseases can be recapitulated using humanized mice due to the improved engraftment and differentiation capacity of human cells or tissues. In this review, we discuss current advanced humanized mouse models that recapitulate human diseases including cancer, allergy, and graft-versus-host disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoji Ito
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takeshi Takahashi
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Mamoru Ito
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
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29
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Huang F, Chen M, Chen W, Gu J, Yuan J, Xue Y, Dang J, Su W, Wang J, Zadeh HH, He X, Rong L, Olsen N, Zheng SG. Human Gingiva-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Inhibit Xeno-Graft-versus-Host Disease via CD39-CD73-Adenosine and IDO Signals. Front Immunol 2017; 8:68. [PMID: 28210258 PMCID: PMC5288353 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells have the capacity to maintain immune homeostasis and prevent autoimmunity. We recently reported that human-derived gingival mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) have strong capacity to suppress immune responses and T cell-mediated collagen-induced arthritis in animals. However, it is unclear whether these cells can suppress human T cell-mediated diseases. Here, we used a xenogenic GVHD model in the NOD/SCID mouse, which is a useful preclinical construct for evaluating the therapeutic and translational potential of this approach for applications in human disease. We found that GMSCs potently suppressed the proliferation of PBMC and T cells in vitro. Co-transfer of GMSC with human PBMC significantly suppressed human cell engraftment and markedly prolonged the mouse survival. Moreover, we demonstrated that GMSCs inhibited human PBMC-initiated xenogenic responses via CD39/CD73/adenosine and IDO signals. These findings suggest the potential for GMSCs to suppress human immune responses in immune system-mediated diseases, offering a potential clinical option to be used for modulating GVHD and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Huang
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Third Affiliated Hospital at Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Maogen Chen
- Organ Transplant Center, First Affiliated Hospital at Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Weiqian Chen
- Division of Rheumatology, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine , Hershey, PA , USA
| | - Jian Gu
- Division of Rheumatology, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine , Hershey, PA , USA
| | - Jia Yuan
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Third Affiliated Hospital at Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Yaoqiu Xue
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Third Affiliated Hospital at Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Junlong Dang
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Third Affiliated Hospital at Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Wenru Su
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Third Affiliated Hospital at Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Julie Wang
- Division of Rheumatology, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine , Hershey, PA , USA
| | - Homayoun H Zadeh
- Division of Periodontology, Diagnostic Sciences and Dental Hygiene, University of Southern California Ostrow School of Dentistry , Los Angeles, CA , USA
| | - Xiaoshun He
- Organ Transplant Center, First Affiliated Hospital at Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Limin Rong
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Third Affiliated Hospital at Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Nancy Olsen
- Division of Rheumatology, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine , Hershey, PA , USA
| | - Song Guo Zheng
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Third Affiliated Hospital at Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Division of Rheumatology, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
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30
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Cooke KR, Luznik L, Sarantopoulos S, Hakim FT, Jagasia M, Fowler DH, van den Brink MRM, Hansen JA, Parkman R, Miklos DB, Martin PJ, Paczesny S, Vogelsang G, Pavletic S, Ritz J, Schultz KR, Blazar BR. The Biology of Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease: A Task Force Report from the National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Project on Criteria for Clinical Trials in Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2017; 23:211-234. [PMID: 27713092 PMCID: PMC6020045 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2016.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is the leading cause of late, nonrelapse mortality and disability in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation recipients and a major obstacle to improving outcomes. The biology of chronic GVHD remains enigmatic, but understanding the underpinnings of the immunologic mechanisms responsible for the initiation and progression of disease is fundamental to developing effective prevention and treatment strategies. The goals of this task force review are as follows: This document is intended as a review of our understanding of chronic GVHD biology and therapies resulting from preclinical studies, and as a platform for developing innovative clinical strategies to prevent and treat chronic GVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth R Cooke
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Leo Luznik
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Stefanie Sarantopoulos
- Division of Hematological Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Immunology and Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Frances T Hakim
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Madan Jagasia
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Daniel H Fowler
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Marcel R M van den Brink
- Departments of Immunology and Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - John A Hansen
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Robertson Parkman
- Division of Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - David B Miklos
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Paul J Martin
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Sophie Paczesny
- Departments of Pediatrics and Immunology, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Georgia Vogelsang
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Steven Pavletic
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jerome Ritz
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kirk R Schultz
- Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Bruce R Blazar
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
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31
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Schmidt A, Éliás S, Joshi RN, Tegnér J. In Vitro Differentiation of Human CD4+FOXP3+ Induced Regulatory T Cells (iTregs) from Naïve CD4+ T Cells Using a TGF-β-containing Protocol. J Vis Exp 2016. [PMID: 28060341 DOI: 10.3791/55015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are an integral part of peripheral tolerance, suppressing immune reactions against self-structures and thus preventing autoimmune diseases. Clinical approaches to adoptively transfer Tregs, or to deplete Tregs in cancer, are underway with promising first outcomes. Because the number of naturally occurring Tregs (nTregs) is very limited, studying certain Treg features using in vitro induced Tregs (iTregs) can be advantageous. To date, the best although not absolutely specific protein marker to delineate Tregs is the transcription factor FOXP3. Despite the importance of Tregs including non-redundant roles of peripherally induced Tregs, the protocols to generate iTregs are currently controversial, particularly for human cells. This protocol therefore describes the in vitro differentiation of human CD4+FOXP3+ iTregs from human naïve T cells using a range of Treg-inducing factors (TGF-β plus IL-2 only, or their combination with retinoic acid, rapamycin or butyrate) in parallel. It also describes the phenotyping of these cells by flow cytometry and qRT-PCR. These protocols result in reproducible expression of FOXP3 and other Treg signature genes and enable the study of general FOXP3-regulatory mechanisms as well as protocol-specific effects to delineate the impact of certain factors. iTregs can be utilized to study various phenotypic aspects as well as molecular mechanisms of Treg induction. Detailed molecular studies are facilitated by relatively large cell numbers that can be obtained. A limitation for the application of iTregs is the relative instability of FOXP3 expression in these cells compared to nTregs. iTregs generated by these protocols can also be used for functional assays such as studying their suppressive function, in which iTregs induced by TGF-β plus retinoic acid and rapamycin display superior suppressive activity. However, the suppressive capacity of iTregs can differ from nTregs and the use of appropriate controls is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Schmidt
- Unit of Computational Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, & Science for Life Laboratory;
| | - Szabolcs Éliás
- Unit of Computational Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, & Science for Life Laboratory
| | - Rubin N Joshi
- Unit of Computational Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, & Science for Life Laboratory
| | - Jesper Tegnér
- Unit of Computational Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, & Science for Life Laboratory
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32
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Kim KC, Choi BS, Kim KC, Park KH, Lee HJ, Cho YK, Kim SI, Kim SS, Oh YK, Kim YB. A Simple Mouse Model for the Study of Human Immunodeficiency Virus. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2016; 32:194-202. [PMID: 26564392 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2015.0211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Humanized mouse models derived from immune-deficient mice have been the primary tool for studies of human infectious viruses, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). However, the current protocol for constructing humanized mice requires elaborate procedures and complicated techniques, limiting the supply of such mice for viral studies. Here, we report a convenient method for constructing a simple HIV-1 mouse model. Without prior irradiation, NOD/SCID/IL2Rγ-null (NSG) mice were intraperitoneally injected with 1 × 10(7) adult human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hu-PBMCs). Four weeks after PBMC inoculation, human CD45(+) cells, and CD3(+)CD4(+) and CD3(+)CD8(+) T cells were detected in peripheral blood, lymph nodes, spleen, and liver, whereas human CD19(+) cells were observed in lymph nodes and spleen. To examine the usefulness of hu-PBMC-inoculated NSG (hu-PBMC-NSG) mice as an HIV-1 infection model, we intravenously injected these mice with dual-tropic HIV-1DH12 and X4-tropic HIV-1NL4-3 strains. HIV-1-infected hu-PBMC-NSG mice showed significantly lower human CD4(+) T cell counts and high HIV viral loads in the peripheral blood compared with noninfected hu-PBMC-NSG mice. Following highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and neutralizing antibody treatment, HIV-1 replication was significantly suppressed in HIV-1-infected hu-PBMC-NSG mice without detectable viremia or CD4(+) T cell depletion. Moreover, the numbers of human T cells were maintained in hu-PBMC-NSG mice for at least 10 weeks. Taken together, our results suggest that hu-PBMC-NSG mice may serve as a relevant HIV-1 infection and pathogenesis model that could facilitate in vivo studies of HIV-1 infection and candidate HIV-1 protective drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Chang Kim
- Department of Bio-industrial Technologies, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byeong-Sun Choi
- Division of AIDS, Center for Immunology and Pathology, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong, Chungcheongbuk, Korea
| | - Kyung-Chang Kim
- Division of AIDS, Center for Immunology and Pathology, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong, Chungcheongbuk, Korea
| | - Ki Hoon Park
- Department of Bio-industrial Technologies, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Jung Lee
- Department of Bio-industrial Technologies, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Keol Cho
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Il Kim
- Division of Infectious Disease, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Soon Kim
- Division of AIDS, Center for Immunology and Pathology, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong, Chungcheongbuk, Korea
| | - Yu-Kyoung Oh
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Bong Kim
- Department of Bio-industrial Technologies, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
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33
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Norelli M, Camisa B, Bondanza A. Modeling Human Graft-Versus-Host Disease in Immunocompromised Mice. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1393:127-32. [PMID: 27033222 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3338-9_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) from an allogeneic donor is an effective form of cancer immunotherapy, especially for acute leukemias. HSCT is however frequently complicated by the occurrence of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Immunocompromised mice infused with human T cells often develop a clinical syndrome resembling human GVHD (xenogeneic or X-GVHD). Herein, we describe a method for inducing X-GVHD in a highly reproducible manner. Given the human nature of immune effectors, this xenogeneic model can be routinely adopted for screening the efficacy of new treatments for GVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Norelli
- Innovative Immunotherapies Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, Milano, 21032, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Camisa
- Innovative Immunotherapies Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, Milano, 21032, Italy
| | - Attilio Bondanza
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milano, Italy.
- Innovative Immunotherapies Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, Milano, 21032, Italy.
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34
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Hahn SA, Bellinghausen I, Trinschek B, Becker C. Translating Treg Therapy in Humanized Mice. Front Immunol 2015; 6:623. [PMID: 26697017 PMCID: PMC4677486 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Treg) control immune cell function as well as non-immunological processes. Their far-reaching regulatory activities suggest their functional manipulation as a means to sustainably and causally intervene with the course of diseases. Preclinical tools and strategies are however needed to further test and develop interventional strategies outside the human body. “Humanized” mouse models consisting of mice engrafted with human immune cells and tissues provide new tools to analyze human Treg ontogeny, immunobiology, and therapy. Here, we summarize the current state of humanized mouse models as a means to study human Treg function at the molecular level and to design strategies to harness these cells for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne A Hahn
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University , Mainz , Germany
| | - Iris Bellinghausen
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University , Mainz , Germany
| | - Bettina Trinschek
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University , Mainz , Germany
| | - Christian Becker
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University , Mainz , Germany
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35
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Hernandez AL, Kitz A, Wu C, Lowther DE, Rodriguez DM, Vudattu N, Deng S, Herold KC, Kuchroo VK, Kleinewietfeld M, Hafler DA. Sodium chloride inhibits the suppressive function of FOXP3+ regulatory T cells. J Clin Invest 2015; 125:4212-22. [PMID: 26524592 DOI: 10.1172/jci81151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
FOXP3+ Tregs are central for the maintenance of self-tolerance and can be defective in autoimmunity. In multiple sclerosis and type-1 diabetes, dysfunctional self-tolerance is partially mediated by a population of IFNγ-secreting Tregs. It was previously reported that increased NaCl concentrations promote the induction of proinflammatory Th17 cells and that high-salt diets exacerbate experimental models of autoimmunity. Here, we have shown that increasing NaCl, either in vitro or in murine models via diet, markedly impairs Treg function. NaCl increased IFNγ secretion in Tregs, and reducing IFNγ - either by neutralization with anti-IFNγ antibodies or shRNA-mediated knockdown - restored suppressive activity in Tregs. The heightened IFNγ secretion and loss of Treg function were mediated by the serum/glucocorticoid-regulated kinase (SGK1). A high-salt diet also impaired human Treg function and was associated with the induction of IFNγ-secreting Tregs in a xenogeneic graft-versus-host disease model and in adoptive transfer models of experimental colitis. Our results demonstrate a putative role for an environmental factor that promotes autoimmunity by inducing proinflammatory responses in CD4 effector cells and Treg pathways.
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MESH Headings
- Adoptive Transfer
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Autoimmunity/drug effects
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Cells, Cultured
- Coculture Techniques
- Colitis/immunology
- Cytokines/biosynthesis
- Cytokines/genetics
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/analysis
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/genetics
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Genes, Reporter
- Graft vs Host Disease/immunology
- Heterografts
- Humans
- Immediate-Early Proteins/physiology
- Inflammation
- Interferon-gamma/genetics
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Interferon-gamma/pharmacology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/transplantation
- Male
- Mice
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/physiology
- RNA Interference
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- Sodium Chloride/pharmacology
- Sodium Chloride, Dietary/adverse effects
- Sodium Chloride, Dietary/pharmacology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
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36
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Sanmamed MF, Rodriguez I, Schalper KA, Oñate C, Azpilikueta A, Rodriguez-Ruiz ME, Morales-Kastresana A, Labiano S, Pérez-Gracia JL, Martín-Algarra S, Alfaro C, Mazzolini G, Sarno F, Hidalgo M, Korman AJ, Jure-Kunkel M, Melero I. Nivolumab and Urelumab Enhance Antitumor Activity of Human T Lymphocytes Engrafted in Rag2-/-IL2Rγnull Immunodeficient Mice. Cancer Res 2015; 75:3466-78. [PMID: 26113085 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-3510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A current pressing need in cancer immunology is the development of preclinical model systems that are immunocompetent for the study of human tumors. Here, we report the development of a humanized murine model that can be used to analyze the pharmacodynamics and antitumor properties of immunostimulatory monoclonal antibodies (mAb) in settings where the receptors targeted by the mAbs are expressed. Human lymphocytes transferred into immunodeficient mice underwent activation and redistribution to murine organs, where they exhibited cell-surface expression of hCD137 and hPD-1. Systemic lymphocyte infiltrations resulted in a lethal CD4(+) T cell-mediated disease (xenograft-versus-host disease), which was aggravated when murine subjects were administered clinical-grade anti-hCD137 (urelumab) and anti-hPD-1 (nivolumab). In mice engrafted with human colorectal HT-29 carcinoma cells and allogeneic human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), or with a patient-derived gastric carcinoma and PBMCs from the same patient, we found that coadministration of urelumab and nivolumab was sufficient to significantly slow tumor growth. Correlated with this result were increased numbers of activated human T lymphocytes producing IFNγ and decreased numbers of human regulatory T lymphocytes in the tumor xenografts, possibly explaining the efficacy of the therapeutic regimen. Our results offer a proof of concept for the use of humanized mouse models for surrogate efficacy and histology investigations of immune checkpoint drugs and their combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel F Sanmamed
- Department of Oncology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain. Centro de investigación médica aplicada (CIMA), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Rodriguez
- Centro de investigación médica aplicada (CIMA), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Kurt A Schalper
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Carmen Oñate
- Centro de investigación médica aplicada (CIMA), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Arantza Azpilikueta
- Centro de investigación médica aplicada (CIMA), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maria E Rodriguez-Ruiz
- Department of Oncology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain. Centro de investigación médica aplicada (CIMA), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Sara Labiano
- Centro de investigación médica aplicada (CIMA), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | | | - Carlos Alfaro
- Centro de investigación médica aplicada (CIMA), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Guillermo Mazzolini
- Gene Therapy Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Universidad Austral, Pilar, Argentina
| | - Francesca Sarno
- Centro Integral Oncológico Clara Campal (CIOCC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Hidalgo
- Centro Integral Oncológico Clara Campal (CIOCC), Madrid, Spain. Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alan J Korman
- Biologics Discovery California, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Redwood City, California
| | | | - Ignacio Melero
- Department of Oncology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain. Centro de investigación médica aplicada (CIMA), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
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37
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Vertès AA. The potential of cytotherapeutics in hematologic reconstitution and in the treatment and prophylaxis of graft-versus-host disease. Chapter II: emerging transformational cytotherapies. Regen Med 2015; 10:345-73. [DOI: 10.2217/rme.15.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a life-saving treatment for inherited anemias, immunodeficiencies or hematologic malignancies. A major complication of allo-HSCT associated with high transplant-related mortality rates is graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). Current and future clinical benefits in HSCT enabled by advances in hematopoietic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, Tregs and natural killer cells technologies are reviewed here and discussed. Among these evolutions, based on the need for mesenchymal stem cells to be recruited by an inflammatory environment, the development and use of novel GvHD biomarkers could be explored further to deliver the right pharmaceutical to the right patient at the right time. The successful commercialization of cytotherapeutics to efficiently manage GvHD will create a virtuous ‘halo’ effect for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain A Vertès
- Sloan Fellow, London Business School, London, UK
- NxR Biotechnologies GmbH, Basel, Switzerland
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38
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Parmar S, Liu X, Najjar A, Shah N, Yang H, Yvon E, Rezvani K, McNiece I, Zweidler-McKay P, Miller L, Wolpe S, Blazar BR, Shpall EJ. Ex vivo fucosylation of third-party human regulatory T cells enhances anti-graft-versus-host disease potency in vivo. Blood 2015; 125:1502-6. [PMID: 25428215 PMCID: PMC4342362 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-10-603449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive therapy with regulatory T cells (Tregs) to prevent graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) would benefit from a strategy to improve homing to the sites of inflammation. We hypothesized that adding fucose to human Tregs, forming the Sialyl Lewis X moiety on P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1, would improve their trafficking pattern. The selectin pathway recruiter, α-1,3-fucosyltransferase-VI enzyme, significantly increased Treg surface fucosylation (66% vs 8%). In a xenogenic GVHD mouse model, fucosylated Tregs showed prolonged periods of in vivo persistence. When given at a lower dose compared with the untreated Tregs, the murine recipients of fucosylated Tregs maintained weight, had ameliorated clinical GVHD, and improved survival (70% vs 30%; P < .0001). These preclinical data indicate that fucosylated human Tregs is an effective strategy for prevention of GVHD and, as such, warrants consideration for future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simrit Parmar
- Department of Stem Cell Transplant and Cellular Therapy
| | - Xiaoying Liu
- Department of Stem Cell Transplant and Cellular Therapy
| | | | - Nina Shah
- Department of Stem Cell Transplant and Cellular Therapy
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Stem Cell Transplant and Cellular Therapy
| | - Eric Yvon
- Department of Stem Cell Transplant and Cellular Therapy
| | - Katy Rezvani
- Department of Stem Cell Transplant and Cellular Therapy
| | - Ian McNiece
- Department of Stem Cell Transplant and Cellular Therapy
| | | | | | | | - Bruce R Blazar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
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39
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Zhao XS, Wang XH, Zhao XY, Chang YJ, Xu LP, Zhang XH, Huang XJ. Non-traditional CD4+CD25-CD69+ regulatory T cells are correlated to leukemia relapse after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. J Transl Med 2014; 12:187. [PMID: 24984576 PMCID: PMC4089938 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-12-187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-traditional CD4+CD25-CD69+ T cells were found to be involved in disease progression in tumor-bearing mouse models and cancer patients recently. We attempted to define whether this subset of T cells were related to leukemia relapse after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). METHODS The frequency of CD4+CD25-CD69+ T cells among the CD4+ T cell population from the bone marrow of relapsed patients, patients with positive minimal residual disease (MRD+) and healthy donors was examined by flow cytometry. The CD4+CD25-CD69+ T cells were also stained with the intracellular markers to determine the cytokine (TGF-β, IL-2 and IL-10) secretion. RESULTS The results showed that the frequency of CD4+CD25-CD69 + T cells was markedly increased in patients in the relapsed group and the MRD + group compared to the healthy donor group. The percentage of this subset of T cells was significantly decreased after effective intervention treatment. We also analyzed the reconstitution of CD4+CD25-CD69+ T cells at various time points after allo-HSCT, and the results showed that this subset of T cells reconstituted rapidly and reached a relatively higher level at +60 d in patients compared to controls. The incidence of either MRD+ or relapse in patients with a high frequency of CD4+CD25-CD69+ T cells (>7%) was significantly higher than that of patients with a low frequency of CD4+CD25-CD69+ T cells at +60 d, +90 d and +270 d after transplant. However, our preliminary data indicated that CD4+CD25-CD69+ T cells may not exert immunoregulatory function via cytokine secretion. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the first clinical evidence of a correlation between non-traditional CD4+CD25-CD69+ Tregs and leukemia relapse after allo-HSCT and suggests that exploration of new methods of adoptive immunotherapy may be beneficial. Further research related to regulatory mechanism behind this phenomenon would be necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiao-jun Huang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing 100044, China.
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40
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Pankratz S, Bittner S, Herrmann AM, Schuhmann MK, Ruck T, Meuth SG, Wiendl H. Human CD4+ HLA-G+ regulatory T cells are potent suppressors of graft-versus-host disease in vivo. FASEB J 2014; 28:3435-45. [PMID: 24744146 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-251074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
CD4(+) T cells expressing the immunotolerizing molecule HLA-G have been described as a unique human thymus-derived regulatory T (tTreg) cell subset involved in immunoregulation and parenchymal homeostasis during infectious and autoimmune inflammation. We compared properties and molecular characteristics of human CD4(+)HLA-G(+) with those of CD4(+)CD25(+)FoxP3-expressing tTreg cells using in vitro studies of T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling, single-cell electrophysiology, and functional in vivo studies. Both tTreg populations are characterized by alterations in proximal-signaling pathways on TCR stimulation and a hyperpolarization of the plasma membrane when compared to conventional CD4(+) T cells. However, both clearly differ in phenotype and pattern of secreted cytokines, which results in distinct mechanisms of suppression: While CD4(+)HLA-G(+) cells secrete high levels of inhibitory molecules (IL-10, soluble HLA-G, IL-35), CD4(+)CD25(+)FoxP3(+) cells express these molecules at significantly lower levels and seem to exert their function mainly in a contact-dependent manner via cyclic adenosine-monophosphate. Finally we demonstrate that human CD4(+)HLA-G(+) tTreg cells significantly ameliorated graft-versus-host disease in a humanized mouse model as a first proof of their in vivo relevance. Our data further characterize and establish CD4(+)HLA-G(+) cells as a potent human tTreg population that can modulate polyclonal adaptive immune responses in vivo and thus being a promising candidate for potential clinical applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Sven G Meuth
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Physiology I, Department of Neuropathophysiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany; and
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41
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Horwitz DA, Pan S, Ou JN, Wang J, Chen M, Gray JD, Zheng SG. Therapeutic polyclonal human CD8+ CD25+ Fox3+ TNFR2+ PD-L1+ regulatory cells induced ex-vivo. Clin Immunol 2013; 149:450-63. [PMID: 24211847 PMCID: PMC3941976 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2013.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We report that polyclonal CD8regs generated in one week ex-vivo with anti-CD3/28 beads and cytokines rapidly developed suppressive activity in vitro sustained by TGF-β. In immunodeficient mice, these CD8regs demonstrated a markedly protective, IL-10 dependent activity against a xeno-GVHD. They expressed IL-2Rα/β, Foxp3, TNFR2, and the negative co-stimulatory receptors CTLA-4, PD-1, PD-L1 and Tim-3. Suppressive activity in vitro correlated better with TNFR2 and PD-L1 than Foxp3. Blocking studies suggested that TNF enhanced PD-L1 expression and the suppressive activity of the CD8regs generated. Unlike other polyclonal CD4 and CD8 Tregs, these CD8regs preferentially targeted allogeneic T cells, but they lacked cytotoxic activity against them even after sensitization. Unlike CD4regs, these CD8regs could produce IL-2 and proliferate while inhibiting target cells. If these CD8regs can persist in foreign hosts without impairing immune surveillance, they could serve as a practical remission-inducing product for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, graft-versus-host disease, and allograft rejection.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies/pharmacology
- B7-H1 Antigen/genetics
- B7-H1 Antigen/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/transplantation
- CTLA-4 Antigen/genetics
- CTLA-4 Antigen/immunology
- Cells, Cultured
- Female
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/genetics
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/immunology
- Gene Expression/drug effects
- Graft vs Host Disease/immunology
- Graft vs Host Disease/pathology
- Graft vs Host Disease/prevention & control
- Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 2
- Humans
- Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit/genetics
- Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit/immunology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/cytology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/transplantation
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/genetics
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/immunology
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II/genetics
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II/immunology
- Receptors, Virus/genetics
- Receptors, Virus/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/transplantation
- Transplantation, Heterologous
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Horwitz
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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42
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Wu X, Tan Y, Xing Q, Wang S. IL-21 accelerates xenogeneic graft-versus-host disease correlated with increased B-cell proliferation. Protein Cell 2013; 4:863-71. [PMID: 24214876 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-013-3088-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a prevalent and potential complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. An animal model, xenogeneic GVHD (X-GVHD), that mimics accurately the clinical presentation of GVHD would provide a tool for investigating the mechanism involved in disease pathogenesis. Murine models indicated that inhibiting IL-21 signaling was a good therapy to reduce GVHD by impairing T cell functions. We sought to investigate the effect of exogenous human IL-21 on the process of X-GVHD. In this study, human IL-21 was expressed by hydrodynamic gene delivery in BALB/c-Rag2⁻/⁻ IL-2RΓc⁻/⁻ (BRG) immunodeficient mice which were intravenously transplanted human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMCs). We found that human IL-21 exacerbated X-GVHD and resulted in rapid fatality. As early as 6 days after hPBMCs transplanted to BRG mice, a marked expansion of human CD19⁺ B cells, but not T cells, was observed in spleen of IL-21-treated mice. Compared with control group, IL-21 induced robust immunoglobulin secretion, which was accompanied by increased accumulation of CD19⁺ CD38(high) plasma cells in spleen. In addition, we demonstrated that B-cell depletion was able to ameliorate X-GVHD. These results are the first to find in vivo expansion and differentiation of human B cells in response to IL-21, and reveal a correlation between the expansion of B cells and the exacerbation of xenogeneic GVHD. Our findings show evidence of the involvement of B cells in X-GVHD and may have implications in the treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoran Wu
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
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43
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Hart JW, Shiue LH, Shpall EJ, Alousi AM. Extracorporeal photopheresis in the treatment of graft-versus-host disease: evidence and opinion. Ther Adv Hematol 2013; 4:320-34. [PMID: 24082993 DOI: 10.1177/2040620713490316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite significant advances in prevention and treatment strategies, graft-versus-host disease remains the most significant cause of morbidity and nonrelapse mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic cellular transplantation. Corticosteroids remain the standard frontline therapy for graft-versus-host disease; however, a considerable number of patients will not respond adequately and others will be significantly affected by adverse effects. Extracorporeal photopheresis is one of several secondary therapies which have shown promise in the clinical setting. While the procedure itself has been around for over 20 years, our understanding of the mechanisms from which therapeutic benefits are seen, and the population they are seen in, remains limited. In this article, we review the use of extracorporeal photopheresis for the treatment of graft-versus-host disease including details covering the procedure's mechanism of action, safety profile and clinical efficacy data.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Hart
- Department of Pharmacy Clinical Programs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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44
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Bacher N, Raker V, Hofmann C, Graulich E, Schwenk M, Baumgrass R, Bopp T, Zechner U, Merten L, Becker C, Steinbrink K. Interferon-α suppresses cAMP to disarm human regulatory T cells. Cancer Res 2013; 73:5647-56. [PMID: 23878189 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-3788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
IFN-α is an antineoplastic agent in the treatment of several solid and hematologic malignancies that exerts strong immune- and autoimmune-stimulating activity. However, the mechanisms of immune activation by IFN-α remain incompletely understood, particularly with regard to CD4(+)CD25(high)Foxp(+) regulatory T cells (Treg). Here, we show that IFN-α deactivates the suppressive function of human Treg by downregulating their intracellular cAMP level. IFN-α-mediated Treg inactivation increased CD4(+) effector T-cell activation and natural killer cell tumor cytotoxicity. Mechanistically, repression of cAMP in Treg was caused by IFN-α-induced MAP-ERK kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-mediated phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) activation and accompanied by downregulation of IFN receptor (IFNAR)-2 and negative regulation of T-cell receptor signaling. IFN-α did not affect the anergic state, cytokine production, Foxp3 expression, or methylation state of the Treg-specific demethylated region (TSDR) within the FOXP3 locus associated with a stable imprinted phenotype of human Treg. Abrogated protection by IFN-α-treated Treg in a humanized mouse model of xenogeneic graft-versus-host disease confirmed IFN-α-dependent regulation of Treg activity in vivo. Collectively, the present study unravels Treg inactivation as a novel IFN-α activity that provides a conceivable explanation for the immune-promoting effect and induction of autoimmunity by IFN-α treatment in patients with cancer and suggests IFN-α for concomitant Treg blockade in the context of therapeutic vaccination against tumor antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Bacher
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Dermatology, Institute of Human Genetics, and Department of Immunology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz; and German Rheumatism Research Centre Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
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45
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Hannon M, Lechanteur C, Lucas S, Somja J, Seidel L, Belle L, Bruck F, Baudoux E, Giet O, Chantillon AM, Delvenne P, Drion P, Beguin Y, Humblet-Baron S, Baron F. Infusion of clinical-grade enriched regulatory T cells delays experimental xenogeneic graft-versus-host disease. Transfusion 2013; 54:353-63. [PMID: 23772685 DOI: 10.1111/trf.12279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the ability of clinical-grade enriched human regulatory T cells (Treg) to attenuate experimental xenogeneic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) induced by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs; autologous to Treg) infusion in NSG mice, as well as verified their inability to induce xenogeneic GVHD when infused alone. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Human Treg were isolated from peripheral blood apheresis products with a cell separation system (CliniMACS, Miltenyi Biotec GmbH) using a two-step procedure (simultaneous CD8 and CD19 depletion followed by CD25-positive selection) in six independent experiments with six different healthy volunteer donors. Sublethally (2.5 Gy) irradiated NSG mice were given 2 × 10(6) cytapheresis (PBMNC) product cells intravenously (IV) without (PBMNC group) or with 1 × 10(6) Treg (PBMNC + Treg group), while other NSG mice received 2 × 10(6) enriched Treg alone (also in IV; Treg group). RESULTS The first five procedures were successful at obtaining a relatively pure Treg population (defined as >50%), while the sixth procedure, due to a technical problem, was not (Treg purity, 42%). Treg cotransfusion significantly delayed death from xenogeneic GVHD in the first five experiments, (p < 0.0001) but not in the sixth experiment. Importantly, none of the mice given enriched Treg alone (Treg group) experienced clinical signs of GVHD, while, interestingly, the CD4+ cells found in these mice 26 days after transplantation were mainly conventional T cells (median CD25+FoxP3+ cells among human CD4+ total cells were only 2.1, 3.1, and 12.2% in spleen, marrow, and blood, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Infusion of clinical-grade enriched Treg delayed the occurrence of xenogeneic GVHD without inducing toxicity in this murine model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriel Hannon
- Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA)-I3, Laboratory of Cell and Genetic Therapy, Department of Pathology, Department of Statistics, GIGA-R, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Red Cross Transfusion Center of Liege, Liège, Belgium; Autoimmune Genetics Laboratory, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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46
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Fujino M, Li XK. Role of STAT3 in regulatory T lymphocyte plasticity during acute graft-vs.-host-disease. JAKSTAT 2013; 2:e24529. [PMID: 24498538 PMCID: PMC3906148 DOI: 10.4161/jkst.24529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Revised: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) lymphocytes are important mediators of the allogeneic immune response, although the mechanisms by which they are controlled are not fully understood. Studies conducted in mice, including a recent article in Immunity by Laurence et al., have shown that STAT3 is an important factor involved in the instability of natural Treg (nTreg) lymphocytes and the generation of induced Treg (iTreg) lymphocytes. The authors used T lymphocytes obtained from Foxp3-GFP reporter mice, which allowed them to track the in vivo fate of the nTreg and iTreg lymphocyte populations in the inflammatory milieu of acute GvHD. They showed that nTreg lymphocytes lose the expression of FoxP3 within this inflammatory environment and that the loss of FoxP3 is, in part, STAT3-dependent. Ultimately, the absence of STAT3 permitted the conversion of transferred naive CD4+ T lymphocytes to iTreg lymphocytes, which correlated with a strikingly improved survival rate during GvHD. We herein discuss how the article by Laurence et al. offers a novel mechanism to explain how the inflammatory environment may alter the stability or phenotype of Treg lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Fujino
- AIDS Research Center; National Institute of Infectious Diseases; Tokyo, Japan ; Division of Radiation Safety and Immune Tolerance; National Research Institute for Child Health and Development; Tokyo, Japan
| | - Xiao-Kang Li
- Division of Radiation Safety and Immune Tolerance; National Research Institute for Child Health and Development; Tokyo, Japan
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Transfer of human regulatory T cells (Tregs) has become an attractive therapeutic alternative to improve the long-term outcome in transplantation and thus reduce the side-effects of conventional immunosuppressive drugs. Here, we summarize the recent findings on human Treg subsets, their phenotype and in-vivo function. RECENT FINDINGS In the last 2 years, it has become apparent that several Treg subsets exist that specifically regulate Th1-driven, Th2-driven, or Th17-driven immune responses; these subsets are very unstable and rapidly change their phenotype, for example, there is loss of Foxp3 expression upon extensive ex-vivo expansion and only the administration of rapamycin has been shown to be able to interfere reproducibly. New humanized mouse models incorporating human solid-organ grafts have been developed, which have been used to test the human Treg in-vivo function, and the first human Treg-cell products have been tested for safety and efficacy in stem cell transplantation. SUMMARY With the recent findings, we have gained a better understanding of Treg heterogeneity, plasticity and function. Using the outcomes of clinical trials in stem cell transplantation, we have learned that adoptive therapy of Tregs is well tolerated and we are now awaiting the first result in solid-organ transplantation from the 'ONE Study'.
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Guichelaar T, Emmelot ME, Rozemuller H, Martini B, Groen RWJ, Storm G, Lokhorst HM, Martens AC, Mutis T. Human regulatory T cells do not suppress the antitumor immunity in the bone marrow: a role for bone marrow stromal cells in neutralizing regulatory T cells. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:1467-75. [PMID: 23382115 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-2177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are potent tools to prevent graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) induced after allogeneic stem cell transplantation or donor lymphocyte infusions. Toward clinical application of Tregs for GVHD treatment, we investigated the impact of Tregs on the therapeutic graft-versus-tumor (GVT) effect against human multiple myeloma tumors with various immunogenicities, progression rates, and localizations in a humanized murine model. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Immunodeficient Rag2(-/-)γc(-/-) mice, bearing various human multiple myeloma tumors, were treated with human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) alone or together with autologous ex vivo cultured Tregs. Mice were analyzed for the in vivo engraftment, homing of T-cell subsets, development of GVHD and GVT. In additional in vitro assays, Tregs that were cultured together with bone marrow stromal cells were analyzed for phenotype and functions. RESULTS Treatment with PBMC alone induced variable degrees of antitumor response, depending on the immunogenicity and the growth rate of the tumor. Coinfusion of Tregs did not impair the antitumor response against tumors residing within the bone marrow, irrespective of their immunogenicity or growth rates. In contrast, Tregs readily inhibited the antitumor effect against tumors growing outside the bone marrow. Exploring this remarkable phenomenon, we discovered that bone marrow stroma neutralizes the suppressive activity of Tregs in part via production of interleukin (IL)-1β/IL-6. We furthermore found in vitro and in vivo evidence of conversion of Tregs into IL-17-producing T cells in the bone marrow environment. CONCLUSIONS These results provide new insights into the Treg immunobiology and indicate the conditional benefits of future Treg-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teun Guichelaar
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
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49
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Laurence A, Amarnath S, Mariotti J, Kim YC, Foley J, Eckhaus M, O'Shea JJ, Fowler DH. STAT3 transcription factor promotes instability of nTreg cells and limits generation of iTreg cells during acute murine graft-versus-host disease. Immunity 2012; 37:209-22. [PMID: 22921119 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2012.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Revised: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Acute graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) is a major cause of mortality in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT), for which administration of FoxP3(+) regulatory T (Treg) cells has been proposed as a therapy. However, the phenotypic stability of Treg cells is controversial, and STAT3-dependent cytokines can inhibit FoxP3 expression. We assessed whether the elimination of STAT3 in T cells could limit the severity of GvHD. We found STAT3 limited FoxP3(+) Treg cell numbers following allogeneic BMT by two pathways: instability of natural Treg (nTreg) cells and inhibition of induced Treg (iTreg) cell polarization from naive CD4(+) T cells. Deletion of STAT3 within only the nTreg cell population was not sufficient to protect against lethal GvHD. In contrast, transfer of STAT3-deficient naive CD4(+) T cells increased FoxP3(+) Treg cells post-BMT and prevented lethality, suggesting that the consequence of STAT3 signaling may be greater for iTreg rather than nTreg cells during GvHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arian Laurence
- Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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50
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Ali N, Flutter B, Sanchez Rodriguez R, Sharif-Paghaleh E, Barber LD, Lombardi G, Nestle FO. Xenogeneic graft-versus-host-disease in NOD-scid IL-2Rγnull mice display a T-effector memory phenotype. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44219. [PMID: 22937164 PMCID: PMC3429415 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of Graft-versus-Host Disease (GvHD) is a prevalent and potentially lethal complication that develops following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Humanized mouse models of xenogeneic-GvHD based upon immunodeficient strains injected with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC; “Hu-PBMC mice”) are important tools to study human immune function in vivo. The recent introduction of targeted deletions at the interleukin-2 common gamma chain (IL-2Rγnull), notably the NOD-scid IL-2Rγnull (NSG) and BALB/c-Rag2null IL-2Rγnull (BRG) mice, has led to improved human cell engraftment. Despite their widespread use, a comprehensive characterisation of engraftment and GvHD development in the Hu-PBMC NSG and BRG models has never been performed in parallel. We compared engrafted human lymphocyte populations in the peripheral blood, spleens, lymph nodes and bone marrow of these mice. Kinetics of engraftment differed between the two strains, in particular a significantly faster expansion of the human CD45+ compartment and higher engraftment levels of CD3+ T-cells were observed in NSG mice, which may explain the faster rate of GvHD development in this model. The pathogenesis of human GvHD involves anti-host effector cell reactivity and cutaneous tissue infiltration. Despite this, the presence of T-cell subsets and tissue homing markers has only recently been characterised in the peripheral blood of patients and has never been properly defined in Hu-PBMC models of GvHD. Engrafted human cells in NSG mice shows a prevalence of tissue homing cells with a T-effector memory (TEM) phenotype and high levels of cutaneous lymphocyte antigen (CLA) expression. Characterization of Hu-PBMC mice provides a strong preclinical platform for the application of novel immunotherapies targeting TEM-cell driven GvHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niwa Ali
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, King's College London and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Barry Flutter
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Sanchez Rodriguez
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ehsan Sharif-Paghaleh
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, King's College London and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Linda D. Barber
- Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Giovanna Lombardi
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, King's College London and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Frank O. Nestle
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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