1
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Singh S, Paul S, Brás NF, Kundu CN, Karthikeyan C, Moorthy NSHN. Design, synthesis, and anticancer activity of some novel 1H-benzo[d]imidazole-5-carboxamide derivatives as fatty acid synthase inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2023; 138:106658. [PMID: 37331170 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Multiple malignancies exhibit aberrant FASN expression, associated with enhanced de novo lipogenesis to meet the metabolic demands of rapidly proliferating tumour cells. Furthermore, elevated FASN expression has been linked to tumour aggressiveness and poor prognosis in a variety of malignant tumours, making FASN is an attractive target for anticancer drug discovery. Herein, we report the de novo design and synthesis of (2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-5-yl)(piperazin-1-yl)methanone derivatives as novel FASN inhibitors with potential therapeutic applications in breast and colorectal cancers. Twelve (2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-5-yl)(piperazin-1-yl)methanone derivatives (CTL) were synthesized and evaluated for FASN inhibition and cytotoxicity against colon cancer (HCT-116, Caco-2 cell lines), breast cancer (MCF-7 cell line) and normal cell line (HEK-293). Compounds CTL-06 and CTL-12 were chosen as the most promising lead molecules based on FASN inhibition and selective cytotoxicity profiles against colon and breast cancer cell lines. Compounds CTL-06 and CTL-12 demonstrate promising FASN inhibitory activity at IC50 of 3 ± 0.25 µM and 2.5 ± 0.25 µM when compared to the FASN inhibitor orlistat, which has an IC50 of 13.5 ± 1.0 µM. Mechanistic investigations on HCT-116 revealed that CTL-06 and CTL-12 treatment led to cell cycle arrest in Sub-G1/S phase along with apoptosis induction. Western blot studies indicated that CTL-06 and CTL-12 inhibited FASN expression in a dose-dependent manner. CTL-06 and CTL-12 treatment of HCT-116 cells enhanced caspase-9 expression in a dose-dependent manner, while upregulating proapoptotic marker Bax and downregulating antiapoptotic Bcl-xL. Molecular docking experiments of CTL-06 and CTL-12 with FASN enzyme revealed the mode of binding of these analogues in the KR domain of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailendra Singh
- Cancept Therapeutics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Lalpur, Amarkantak, (MP) 484887, India.
| | - Subarno Paul
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT deemed to be University, Campus-11, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Orissa 751024, India.
| | - Natércia F Brás
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Chanakya N Kundu
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT deemed to be University, Campus-11, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Orissa 751024, India.
| | - Chandrabose Karthikeyan
- Cancept Therapeutics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Lalpur, Amarkantak, (MP) 484887, India.
| | - N S Hari Narayana Moorthy
- Cancept Therapeutics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Lalpur, Amarkantak, (MP) 484887, India.
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2
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Beebe J, Josephraj S, Wang CJ, Danielson J, Cui Q, Huang C, Barlow L, Zhang RH, Zhang T, Nakshatri H, Dong Z, Li X, Liu JY, Zhang JT. Therapeutic Activity of the Lansoprazole Metabolite 5-Hydroxy Lansoprazole Sulfide in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer by Inhibiting the Enoyl Reductase of Fatty Acid Synthase. J Med Chem 2022; 65:13681-13691. [PMID: 36257066 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid synthase (FASN), a sole cytosolic enzyme responsible for de-novo lipid synthesis, is overexpressed in cancer but not in normal non-lipogenic tissues. FASN has been targeted, albeit no such inhibitor has been approved. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), approved for digestive disorders, were found to inhibit FASN with anticancer activities in attempting to repurpose Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs. Indeed, PPI usage benefited breast cancer patients and increased their response rate. Due to structural similarity, we thought that their metabolites might extend anticancer effects of PPIs by inhibiting FASN. Here, we tested this hypothesis and found that 5-hydroxy lansoprazole sulfide (5HLS), the end lansoprazole metabolite, was more active than lansoprazole in inhibiting FASN function and regulation of NHEJ repair of oxidative DNA damage via PARP1. Surprisingly, 5HLS inhibits the enoyl reductase, whereas lansoprazole inhibits the thioesterase of FASN. Thus, PPI metabolites may contribute to the lasting anticancer effects of PPIs by inhibiting FASN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Beebe
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Sophia Josephraj
- Department of Cell & Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio 43614, United States
| | - Chao J Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Jacob Danielson
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio 43614, United States
| | - Qingbin Cui
- Department of Cell & Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio 43614, United States
| | - Caoqinglong Huang
- Department of Cell & Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio 43614, United States
| | - Lincoln Barlow
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Ryan H Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio 43614, United States
| | - Taolan Zhang
- Department of Cell & Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio 43614, United States
| | - Harikrishna Nakshatri
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Zizheng Dong
- Department of Cell & Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio 43614, United States
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Department of Cell & Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio 43614, United States
| | - Jing-Yuan Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio 43614, United States
| | - Jian-Ting Zhang
- Department of Cell & Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio 43614, United States
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Tsao CH, Jhou RH, Ke CC, Chang CW, Chang CW, Yang BH, Huang WS, Shih BF, Liu RS. Dual-tracer positron emission tomography/computed tomography as an imaging probe of de novo lipogenesis in preclinical models of hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1008200. [PMID: 36237546 PMCID: PMC9551611 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1008200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundDe novo lipogenesis is upregulated in many cancers, and targeting it represents a metabolic approach to cancer treatment. However, the treatment response is unpredictable because lipogenic activity varies greatly among individual tumors, thereby necessitating the assessment of lipogenic activity before treatment. Here, we proposed an imaging probe, positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) with dual tracers combining 11C-acetate and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG), to assess the lipogenic activity of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and predict the response to lipogenesis-targeted therapy.MethodsWe investigated the association between 11C-acetate/18F-FDG uptake and de novo lipogenesis in three HCC cell lines (from well-differentiated to poorly differentiated: HepG2, Hep3B, and SkHep1) by examining the expression of lipogenic enzymes: acetyl-CoA synthetase 2 (ACSS2), fatty acid synthase (FASN), and ATP citrate lyase (ACLY). The glycolysis level was determined through glycolytic enzymes: pyruvate dehydrogenase expression (PDH). On the basis of the findings of dual-tracer PET/CT, we evaluated the treatment response to a lipase inhibitor (orlistat) in cell culture experiments and xenograft mice.ResultsDual-tracer PET/CT revealed the lipogenic activity of various HCC cells, which was positively associated with 11C-acetate uptake and negatively associated with 18F-FDG uptake. This finding represents the negative association between 11C-acetate and 18F-FDG uptake. Because these two tracers revealed the lipogenic and glycolytic activity, respectively, which implies an antagonism between lipogenic metabolism and glucose metabolism in HCC. In addition, dual-tracer PET/CT not only revealed the lipogenic activity but also predicted the treatment response to lipogenesis-targeted therapy. For example, HepG2 xenografts with high 11C-acetate but low 18F-FDG uptake exhibited high lipogenic activity and responded well to orlistat treatment, whereas SkHep1 xenografts with low 11C-acetate but high 18F-FDG uptake exhibited lower lipogenic activity and poor response to orlistat.ConclusionThe proposed non-invasive dual-tracer PET/CT imaging can reveal the lipogenesis and glycolysis status of HCC, thus providing an ideal imaging probe for predicting the therapeutic response of HCC to lipogenesis-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Ho Tsao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Hong Jhou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and National PET/Cyclotron Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chih Ke
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Chien-Chih Ke,
| | - Chun-Wei Chang
- Institute of Fisheries Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Wei Chang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and National PET/Cyclotron Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bang-Hung Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and National PET/Cyclotron Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Sheng Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and National PET/Cyclotron Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Fu Shih
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ren-Shyan Liu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and National PET/Cyclotron Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Molecular and Genetic Imaging Core, Animal Consortium, Taipei, Taiwan
- Ren-Shyan Liu,
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Approaches to Measuring the Activity of Major Lipolytic and Lipogenic Enzymes In Vitro and Ex Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911093. [PMID: 36232405 PMCID: PMC9570359 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the 1950s, one of the goals of adipose tissue research has been to determine lipolytic and lipogenic activity as the primary metabolic pathways affecting adipocyte health and size and thus representing potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of obesity and associated diseases. Nowadays, there is a relatively large number of methods to measure the activity of these pathways and involved enzymes, but their applicability to different biological samples is variable. Here, we review the characteristics of mean lipogenic and lipolytic enzymes, their inhibitors, and available methodologies for assessing their activity, and comment on the advantages and disadvantages of these methodologies and their applicability in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro, i.e., in cells, organs and their respective extracts, with the emphasis on adipocytes and adipose tissue.
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Khiewkamrop P, Surangkul D, Srikummool M, Richert L, Pekthong D, Parhira S, Somran J, Srisawang P. Epigallocatechin gallate triggers apoptosis by suppressing de novo lipogenesis in colorectal carcinoma cells. FEBS Open Bio 2022; 12:937-958. [PMID: 35243817 PMCID: PMC9063442 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The de novo lipogenesis (DNL) pathway has been identified as a regulator of cancer progression and aggressiveness. Downregulation of key lipogenesis enzymes has been shown to activate apoptosis in cancerous cells. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) inhibits cancer cell proliferation without causing cytotoxicity in healthy cells. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of EGCG on the promotion of apoptosis associated with the DNL pathway inhibition in cancer cells, both in vitro and in vivo. We observed that two colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines (HCT116 and HT-29) had a higher cytotoxic response to EGCG treatment than hepatocellular carcinoma cells, including HepG2 and HuH-7. EGCG treatment decreased cell viability and increased mitochondrial damage-triggered apoptosis in both HCT116 and HT-29 cancer cells. Additionally, we treated mice transplanted with HCT116 cells with 30 or 50 mg/kg EGCG for 7 days to evaluate the apoptotic effects of EGCN treatment in a xenograft mouse model of cancer. We observed a decrease in intracellular fatty acid levels, which suggested that EGCG-induced apoptosis was associated with a decrease in fatty acid levels in cancer. Suppression of adenosine triphosphate synthesis by EGCG indicated that cell death induction in cancer cells could be mediated by shared components of the DNL and energy metabolism pathways. In addition, EGCG-induced apoptosis suppressed the expression of the phosphorylation protein kinase B and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 signaling proteins in tumors from xenografted mice. Cytotoxic effects in unaffected organs and tissues of the mouse xenograft model were absent upon EGCG treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuriwat Khiewkamrop
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand, 65000
| | - Damratsamon Surangkul
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand, 65000
| | - Metawee Srikummool
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand, 65000
| | - Lysiane Richert
- KaLy-Cell, 20A rue du Général Leclerc, 67115, Plobsheim, France.,Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, EA 4267 PEPITE, France
| | - Dumrongsak Pekthong
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand, 65000
| | - Supawadee Parhira
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand, 65000
| | - Julintorn Somran
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand, 65000
| | - Piyarat Srisawang
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand, 65000
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6
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Campbell WA, Tangeman A, El-Hodiri HM, Hawthorn EC, Hathoot M, Blum S, Hoang T, Blackshaw S, Fischer AJ. Fatty acid-binding proteins and fatty acid synthase influence glial reactivity and promote the formation of Müller glia-derived progenitor cells in the chick retina. Development 2022; 149:274285. [PMID: 35132991 PMCID: PMC8959147 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A recent comparative transcriptomic study of Müller glia (MG) in vertebrate retinas revealed that fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs) are among the most highly expressed genes in chick ( Hoang et al., 2020). Here, we investigate how FABPs and fatty acid synthase (FASN) influence glial cells in the chick retina. During development, FABP7 is highly expressed by retinal progenitor cells and maturing MG, whereas FABP5 is upregulated in maturing MG. PMP2 (FABP8) is expressed by oligodendrocytes and FABP5 is expressed by non-astrocytic inner retinal glial cells, and both of these FABPs are upregulated by activated MG. In addition to suppressing the formation of Müller glia-derived progenitor cells (MGPCs), we find that FABP-inhibition suppresses the proliferation of microglia. FABP-inhibition induces distinct changes in single cell transcriptomic profiles, indicating transitions of MG from resting to reactive states and suppressed MGPC formation, with upregulation of gene modules for gliogenesis and decreases in neurogenesis. FASN-inhibition increases the proliferation of microglia and suppresses the formation of MGPCs. We conclude that fatty acid metabolism and cell signaling involving fatty acids are important in regulating the reactivity and dedifferentiation of MG, and the proliferation of microglia and MGPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren A Campbell
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Allen Tangeman
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Heithem M El-Hodiri
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Evan C Hawthorn
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Maddie Hathoot
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Sydney Blum
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Thanh Hoang
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Seth Blackshaw
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Andy J Fischer
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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7
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Yoshikawa K, Ishida M, Yanai H, Tsuta K, Sekimoto M, Sugie T. Association between fatty acid synthase and adipophilin expression in triple‑negative breast cancer. Mol Clin Oncol 2022; 16:80. [PMID: 35251631 PMCID: PMC8892429 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2022.2513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that cancer cells produce energy via anaerobic glycolysis. Lipid metabolism is often upregulated in numerous types of cancer. Our previous study demonstrated that adipophilin (ADP), a lipid-associated protein, was a poor prognostic indicator in patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, the mechanism of ADP expression in TNBC remains unclear. Fatty acid synthase (FASN) is a crucial enzyme in de novo fatty acid synthesis, and its upregulation has been reported in several types of carcinomas; however, to the best of our knowledge, the association of FASN and ADP in TNBC remains unclear. The present study analysed the association between FASN and ADP expression and the prognostic significance of FASN in TNBC. Using immunohistochemical methods and tissue microarrays, the present study examined FASN expression in 61 patients with TNBC. Overall and relapse-free survival and their risk factors were analysed for FASN expression and compared with ADP expression. A total of 40 (65.6%) patients were classified as FASN-high (score ≥120), and this was significantly associated with a lower Ki-67 labelling index (P=0.011). FASN expression was not associated with relapse-free survival and overall survival. FASN-high was negatively associated with ADP expression (P=0.041). The results of the present study revealed that FASN-high was associated with a lack of ADP expression and a lower Ki-67 labelling index. These results indicated that de novo fatty acid synthesis by FASN is not the main pathway of lipogenesis and the source of energy in cancer cells of ADP-positive highly proliferative TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiro Yoshikawa
- Department of Pathology and Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka 573‑1191, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Ishida
- Department of Pathology and Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka 573‑1191, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Yanai
- Department of Pathology and Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka 573‑1191, Japan
| | - Koji Tsuta
- Department of Pathology and Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka 573‑1191, Japan
| | - Mitsugu Sekimoto
- Department of Surgery, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka 573‑1191, Japan
| | - Tomoharu Sugie
- Department of Surgery, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka 573‑1191, Japan
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Hsieh PF, Jiang WP, Basavaraj P, Huang SY, Ruangsai P, Wu JB, Huang GJ, Huang WC. Cell suspension culture extract of Eriobotrya japonica attenuates growth and induces apoptosis in prostate cancer cells via targeting SREBP-1/FASN-driven metabolism and AR. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 93:153806. [PMID: 34740154 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is one of the main causes of male cancer mortality. There is currently no effective treatment to cure this deadly prostate cancer (PCa) progression. However, recent research showed that activation of lipogenesis leads to CRPC progression. It provides a rationale to target the highly lipogenic activity as a novel and promising therapy against lethal CRPC. PURPOSES The present study aims to evaluate the anticancer efficacy and the molecular mechanism of cell suspension culture extract from Eriobotrya japonica (EJCE) in PCa, including CRPC. METHODS Cell growth, migration and invasion analyses were performed by MTT method, a wound healing assay and the transwell method, respectively. Apoptosis was assessed by a flow cytometry-based Annexin V-FITC/PI assay, caspase enzymatic activity and Western blot analyses. Lipogenesis was determined by a Fatty Acid Quantification Kit and an Oil Red O staining. The in vivo experiment was conducted by a xenograft mouse model. RESULTS PCa cell growth, migration and invasion were significantly affected by EJCE. EJCE decreased expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) and fatty acid synthase (FASN) in PCa cells, two main factors for lipogenesis. By inhibiting SREBP-1/FASN, EJCE reduced the intracellular fatty acid levels and lipid droplet accumulation in PCa. Moreover, EJCE down-regulated the androgen receptor (AR) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in PCa cells. Significantly, EJCE exhibited the potential anticancer activity by suppressing the growth and leading to apoptosis of CRPC tumors in a xenograft mouse model. CONCLUSION These results reveal a novel therapeutic molecular mechanism of EJCE in PCa. Blockade of SREBP-1/FASN-driven metabolism and AR by EJCE could be employed as a potent opportunity to cure malignant PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Fan Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Urology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ping Jiang
- School of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacy, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan.; Department of Occupational Therapy, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Praveenkumar Basavaraj
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yin Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Phakkhathorn Ruangsai
- International Master's Program of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Bin Wu
- Nihon Pharmaceutical University, 10281, Komuro, Ina-machi, Kitaadachi-gun, Saitama 3620806, Japan
| | - Guan-Jhong Huang
- School of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chin Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; International Master's Program of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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9
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Coronel-Hernández J, Pérez-Yépez EA, Delgado-Waldo I, Contreras-Romero C, Jacobo-Herrera N, Cantú-De León D, Pérez-Plasencia C. Aberrant Metabolism as Inductor of Epigenetic Changes in Breast Cancer: Therapeutic Opportunities. Front Oncol 2021; 11:676562. [PMID: 34692471 PMCID: PMC8531643 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.676562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant metabolism is arising interest in the scientific community not only because of the role it plays in the development and establishment of the tumor mass but also the possibility of drug poisoning of key enzymes overexpressed in tumor cells. Moreover, tumor metabolism provides key molecules to maintain the epigenetic changes that are also an undisputed characteristic of each tumor type. This metabolic change includes the Warburg effect and alterations in key pathways involved in glutaminolysis, pentose phosphate, and unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis. Modifications in all these pathways have consequences that impact genetics and epigenetics processes such as DNA methylation patterns, histone post-translational modifications, triggering oncogenes activation, and loss in tumor suppressor gene expression to lead the tumor establishment. In this review, we describe the metabolic rearrangement and its association with epigenetic regulation in breast cancer, as well as its implication in biological processes involved in cancer progression. A better understanding of these processes could help to find new targets for the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of this human health problem.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eloy Andrés Pérez-Yépez
- Laboratorio de Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico.,Cátedra-CONACYT, Dirección de Cátedras, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT), Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Nadia Jacobo-Herrera
- Unidad de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - David Cantú-De León
- Unidad de Investigación en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología , Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Pérez-Plasencia
- Laboratorio de Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico.,Laboratorio de Genómica Funcional, Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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10
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Liefwalker DF, Ryan M, Wang Z, Pathak KV, Plaisier S, Shah V, Babra B, Dewson GS, Lai IK, Mosley AR, Fueger PT, Casey SC, Jiang L, Pirrotte P, Swaminathan S, Sears RC. Metabolic convergence on lipogenesis in RAS, BCR-ABL, and MYC-driven lymphoid malignancies. Cancer Metab 2021; 9:31. [PMID: 34399819 PMCID: PMC8369789 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-021-00263-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic reprogramming is a central feature in many cancer subtypes and a hallmark of cancer. Many therapeutic strategies attempt to exploit this feature, often having unintended side effects on normal metabolic programs and limited efficacy due to integrative nature of metabolic substrate sourcing. Although the initiating oncogenic lesion may vary, tumor cells in lymphoid malignancies often share similar environments and potentially similar metabolic profiles. We examined cells from mouse models of MYC-, RAS-, and BCR-ABL-driven lymphoid malignancies and find a convergence on de novo lipogenesis. We explore the potential role of MYC in mediating lipogenesis by 13C glucose tracing and untargeted metabolic profiling. Inhibition of lipogenesis leads to cell death both in vitro and in vivo and does not induce cell death of normal splenocytes. METHODS We analyzed RNA-seq data sets for common metabolic convergence in lymphoma and leukemia. Using in vitro cell lines derived in from conditional MYC, RAS, and BCR-ABL transgenic murine models and oncogene-driven human cell lines, we determined gene regulation, metabolic profiles, and sensitivity to inhibition of lipogenesis in lymphoid malignancies. We utilize preclinical murine models and transgenic primary model of T-ALL to determine the effect of lipogenesis blockade across BCR-ABL-, RAS-, and c-MYC-driven lymphoid malignancies. Statistical significance was calculated using unpaired t-tests and one-way ANOVA. RESULTS This study illustrates that de novo lipid biogenesis is a shared feature of several lymphoma subtypes. Using cell lines derived from conditional MYC, RAS, and BCR-ABL transgenic murine models, we demonstrate shared responses to inhibition of lipogenesis by the acetyl-coA carboxylase inhibitor 5-(tetradecloxy)-2-furic acid (TOFA), and other lipogenesis inhibitors. We performed metabolic tracing studies to confirm the influence of c-MYC and TOFA on lipogenesis. We identify specific cell death responses to TOFA in vitro and in vivo and demonstrate delayed engraftment and progression in vivo in transplanted lymphoma cell lines. We also observe delayed progression of T-ALL in a primary transgenic mouse model upon TOFA administration. In a panel of human cell lines, we demonstrate sensitivity to TOFA treatment as a metabolic liability due to the general convergence on de novo lipogenesis in lymphoid malignancies driven by MYC, RAS, or BCR-ABL. Importantly, cell death was not significantly observed in non-malignant cells in vivo. CONCLUSIONS These studies suggest that de novo lipogenesis may be a common survival strategy for many lymphoid malignancies and may be a clinically exploitable metabolic liability. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study does not include any clinical interventions on human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel F Liefwalker
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA.
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA.
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - Meital Ryan
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Zhichao Wang
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Khyatiben V Pathak
- Collaborative Center for Translational Mass Spectrometry, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N 5th St, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Seema Plaisier
- Collaborative Center for Translational Mass Spectrometry, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N 5th St, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Vidhi Shah
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
- Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Bobby Babra
- Molecular & Cellular Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
| | - Gabrielle S Dewson
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
- Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Ian K Lai
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Adriane R Mosley
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Patrick T Fueger
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Stephanie C Casey
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Lei Jiang
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Patrick Pirrotte
- Collaborative Center for Translational Mass Spectrometry, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N 5th St, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Srividya Swaminathan
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Monrovia, CA, 91016, USA
- Department of Hematological Malignancies, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Rosalie C Sears
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
- Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
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11
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Wangpaichitr M, Theodoropoulos G, Nguyen DJM, Wu C, Spector SA, Feun LG, Savaraj N. Cisplatin Resistance and Redox-Metabolic Vulnerability: A Second Alteration. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147379. [PMID: 34298999 PMCID: PMC8304747 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of drug resistance in tumors is a major obstacle to effective cancer chemotherapy and represents one of the most significant complications to improving long-term patient outcomes. Despite early positive responsiveness to platinum-based chemotherapy, the majority of lung cancer patients develop resistance. The development of a new combination therapy targeting cisplatin-resistant (CR) tumors may mark a major improvement as salvage therapy in these patients. The recent resurgence in research into cellular metabolism has again confirmed that cancer cells utilize aerobic glycolysis ("the Warburg effect") to produce energy. Hence, this observation still remains a characteristic hallmark of altered metabolism in certain cancer cells. However, recent evidence promotes another concept wherein some tumors that acquire resistance to cisplatin undergo further metabolic alterations that increase tumor reliance on oxidative metabolism (OXMET) instead of glycolysis. Our review focuses on molecular changes that occur in tumors due to the relationship between metabolic demands and the importance of NAD+ in redox (ROS) metabolism and the crosstalk between PARP-1 (Poly (ADP ribose) polymerase-1) and SIRTs (sirtuins) in CR tumors. Finally, we discuss a role for the tumor metabolites of the kynurenine pathway (tryptophan catabolism) as effectors of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment during acquisition of resistance in CR cells. Understanding these concepts will form the basis for future targeting of CR cells by exploiting redox-metabolic changes and their consequences on immune cells in the tumor microenvironment as a new approach to improve overall therapeutic outcomes and survival in patients who fail cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medhi Wangpaichitr
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami VA Healthcare System, Research Service (151), Miami, FL 33125, USA; (G.T.); (D.J.M.N.); (C.W.); (S.A.S.)
- Department of Surgery, Cardiothoracic Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-305-575-7000 (ext. 14496); Fax: +1-305-575-7275
| | - George Theodoropoulos
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami VA Healthcare System, Research Service (151), Miami, FL 33125, USA; (G.T.); (D.J.M.N.); (C.W.); (S.A.S.)
| | - Dan J. M. Nguyen
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami VA Healthcare System, Research Service (151), Miami, FL 33125, USA; (G.T.); (D.J.M.N.); (C.W.); (S.A.S.)
| | - Chunjing Wu
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami VA Healthcare System, Research Service (151), Miami, FL 33125, USA; (G.T.); (D.J.M.N.); (C.W.); (S.A.S.)
| | - Sydney A. Spector
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami VA Healthcare System, Research Service (151), Miami, FL 33125, USA; (G.T.); (D.J.M.N.); (C.W.); (S.A.S.)
| | - Lynn G. Feun
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (L.G.F.); (N.S.)
| | - Niramol Savaraj
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (L.G.F.); (N.S.)
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami VA Healthcare System, Hematology/Oncology, 1201 NW 16 Street, Room D1010, Miami, FL 33125, USA
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12
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Ligorio F, Pellegrini I, Castagnoli L, Vingiani A, Lobefaro R, Zattarin E, Santamaria M, Pupa SM, Pruneri G, de Braud F, Vernieri C. Targeting lipid metabolism is an emerging strategy to enhance the efficacy of anti-HER2 therapies in HER2-positive breast cancer. Cancer Lett 2021; 511:77-87. [PMID: 33961924 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
De novo or acquired resistance of cancer cells to currently available Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2) inhibitors represents a clinical challenge. Several resistance mechanisms have been identified in recent years, with lipid metabolism reprogramming, a well-established hallmark of cancer, representing the last frontier of preclinical and clinical research in this field. Fatty Acid Synthase (FASN), the key enzyme required for fatty acids (FAs) biosynthesis, is frequently overexpressed/activated in HER2-positive (HER2+) breast cancer (BC), and it crucially sustains HER2+ BC cell growth, proliferation and survival. After the synthesis of new, selective and well tolerated FASN inhibitors, clinical trials have been initiated to test if these compounds are able to re-sensitize cancer cells with acquired resistance to HER2 inhibition. More recently, the upregulation of FA uptake by cancer cells has emerged as a potentially new and targetable mechanism of resistance to anti-HER2 therapies in HER2+ BC, thus opening a new era in the field of targeting metabolic reprogramming in clinical setting. Here, we review the available preclinical and clinical evidence supporting the inhibition of FA biosynthesis and uptake in combination with anti-HER2 therapies in patients with HER2+ BC, and we discuss ongoing clinical trials that are investigating these combination approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Ligorio
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Pellegrini
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Castagnoli
- Molecular Targeting Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Vingiani
- Pathology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Haematology, University of Milan, Via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Lobefaro
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Emma Zattarin
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Marzia Santamaria
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, Milan, Italy
| | - Serenella M Pupa
- Molecular Targeting Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Pruneri
- Pathology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Haematology, University of Milan, Via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo de Braud
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Haematology, University of Milan, Via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Vernieri
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy; IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, Milan, Italy.
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13
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Grunt TW, Lemberger L, Colomer R, López Rodríguez ML, Wagner R. The Pharmacological or Genetic Blockade of Endogenous De Novo Fatty Acid Synthesis Does Not Increase the Uptake of Exogenous Lipids in Ovarian Cancer Cells. Front Oncol 2021; 11:610885. [PMID: 33928023 PMCID: PMC8076863 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.610885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer(OC) is a serious threat to women worldwide. Peritoneal dissemination, ascites and omental metastasis are typical features for disease progression, which occurs in a micro-environment that is rich in high-energy lipids. OC cells require high amounts of lipids for survival and growth. Not only do they import lipids from the host, they also produce lipids de novo. Inhibitors of fatty acid(FA) synthase(FASN) – the rate-limiting enzyme of endogenous FA synthesis that is overexpressed in OC – induce growth-arrest and apoptosis, rendering them promising candidates for cancer drug development. However, cancer researchers have long hypothesized that the lipid deficiency caused by FASN inhibition can be circumvented by increasing the uptake of exogenous lipids from the host, which would confer resistance to FASN inhibitors. In contrast to a very recent report in colorectal cancer, we demonstrate in OC cells (A2780, OVCAR3, SKOV3) that neither FASN inhibitors (G28UCM, Fasnall) nor FASN-specific siRNAs can stimulate a relief pathway leading to enhanced uptake of extrinsic FAs or low density lipoproteins (LDLs). Instead, we observed that the growth-arrest due to FASN inhibition or FASN knock-down was associated with significant dose- and time-dependent reduction in the uptake of fluorescently labeled FAs and LDLs. Western blotting showed that the expression of the FA receptor CD36, the LDL receptor(LDLR) and the lipid transport proteins fatty acid binding proteins 1–9 (FABP1–9) was not affected by the treatment. Next, we compared experimental blockade of endogenous lipid production with physiologic depletion of exogenous lipids. Lipid-free media, similar to FASN inhibitors, caused growth-arrest. Although lipid-depleted cells have diminished amounts of CD36, LDLR and FABPs, they can still activate a restorative pathway that causes enhanced import of fluorophore-labeled FAs and LDLs. Overall, our data show that OC cells are strictly lipid-depend and exquisitely sensitive to FASN inhibitors, providing a strong rationale for developing anti-FASN strategies for clinical use against OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W Grunt
- Cell Signaling and Metabolism Networks Program, Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lisa Lemberger
- Cell Signaling and Metabolism Networks Program, Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ramón Colomer
- Clinical Research Program, Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario La Princesa and Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Luz López Rodríguez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Renate Wagner
- Cell Signaling and Metabolism Networks Program, Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna, Austria
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14
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Grasmann G, Mondal A, Leithner K. Flexibility and Adaptation of Cancer Cells in a Heterogenous Metabolic Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1476. [PMID: 33540663 PMCID: PMC7867260 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabolic microenvironment, comprising all soluble and insoluble nutrients and co-factors in the extracellular milieu, has a major impact on cancer cell proliferation and survival. A large body of evidence from recent studies suggests that tumor cells show a high degree of metabolic flexibility and adapt to variations in nutrient availability. Insufficient vascular networks and an imbalance of supply and demand shape the metabolic tumor microenvironment, which typically contains a lower concentration of glucose compared to normal tissues. The present review sheds light on the recent literature on adaptive responses in cancer cells to nutrient deprivation. It focuses on the utilization of alternative nutrients in anabolic metabolic pathways in cancer cells, including soluble metabolites and macromolecules and outlines the role of central metabolic enzymes conferring metabolic flexibility, like gluconeogenesis enzymes. Moreover, a conceptual framework for potential therapies targeting metabolically flexible cancer cells is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Grasmann
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, A-8036 Graz, Austria; (G.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Ayusi Mondal
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, A-8036 Graz, Austria; (G.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Katharina Leithner
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, A-8036 Graz, Austria; (G.G.); (A.M.)
- BioTechMed-Graz, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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15
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Grunt TW, Slany A, Semkova M, Colomer R, López-Rodríguez ML, Wuczkowski M, Wagner R, Gerner C, Stübiger G. Membrane disruption, but not metabolic rewiring, is the key mechanism of anticancer-action of FASN-inhibitors: a multi-omics analysis in ovarian cancer. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14877. [PMID: 32913236 PMCID: PMC7483762 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71491-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty-acid(FA)-synthase(FASN) is a druggable lipogenic oncoprotein whose blockade causes metabolic disruption. Whether drug-induced metabolic perturbation is essential for anticancer drug-action, or is just a secondary—maybe even a defence response—is still unclear. To address this, SKOV3 and OVCAR3 ovarian cancer(OC) cell lines with clear cell and serous histology, two main OC subtypes, were exposed to FASN-inhibitor G28UCM. Growth-inhibition was compared with treatment-induced cell-metabolomes, lipidomes, proteomes and kinomes. SKOV3 and OVCAR3 were equally sensitive to low-dose G28UCM, but SKOV3 was more resistant than OVCAR3 to higher concentrations. Metabolite levels generally decreased upon treatment, but individual acylcarnitines, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, amino-acids, biogenic amines, and monosaccharides reacted differently. Drug-induced effects on central-carbon-metabolism and oxidative-phosphorylation (OXPHOS) were essentially different in the two cell lines, since drug-naïve SKOV3 are known to prefer glycolysis, while OVCAR3 favour OXPHOS. Moreover, drug-dependent increase of desaturases and polyunsaturated-fatty-acids (PUFAs) were more pronounced in SKOV3 and appear to correlate with G28UCM-tolerance. In contrast, expression and phosphorylation of proteins that control apoptosis, FA synthesis and membrane-related processes (beta-oxidation, membrane-maintenance, transport, translation, signalling and stress-response) were concordantly affected. Overall, membrane-disruption and second-messenger-silencing were crucial for anticancer drug-action, while metabolic-rewiring was only secondary and may support high-dose-FASN-inhibitor-tolerance. These findings may guide future anti-metabolic cancer intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W Grunt
- Cell Signaling and Metabolism Networks Program, Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria. .,Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna, Austria. .,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Astrid Slany
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mariya Semkova
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ramón Colomer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario La Princesa and Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Clinical Research Program, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Luz López-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Michael Wuczkowski
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Renate Wagner
- Cell Signaling and Metabolism Networks Program, Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christopher Gerner
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerald Stübiger
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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16
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Emerging Therapeutic Activity of Davallia formosana on Prostate Cancer Cells through Coordinated Blockade of Lipogenesis and Androgen Receptor Expression. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040914. [PMID: 32276528 PMCID: PMC7226131 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most prevalent malignancy diagnosed in men in Western countries. There is currently no effective therapy for advanced PCa aggressiveness, including castration-resistant progression. The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential efficacy and determine the molecular basis of Davallia formosana (DF) in PCa. Methods: LNCaP (androgen-sensitive) and C4-2 (androgen-insensitive/castration-resistant) PCa cells were utilized in this study. An MTT-based method, a wound healing assay, and the transwell method were performed to evaluate cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Intracellular fatty acid levels and lipid droplet accumulation were analyzed to determine lipogenesis. Moreover, apoptotic assays and in vivo experiments were conducted. Results: DF ethanol extract (DFE) suppressed proliferation, migration, and invasion in PCa cells. DFE attenuated lipogenesis through inhibition of the expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) and fatty acid synthase (FASN). Moreover, DFE decreased androgen receptor (AR) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) expression in PCa cells. We further showed the potent therapeutic activity of DFE by repressing the growth and leading to apoptosis of subcutaneous C4-2 tumors in a xenograft mouse model. Conclusions: These data provide a new molecular basis of DFE in PCa cells, and co-targeting SREBP-1/FASN/lipogenesis and the AR axis by DFE could be employed as a novel and promising strategy for the treatment of PCa.
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17
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Poojith N, Potla KM, Osório FAP, Valverde C, Vankayalapati S, Suchetan PA, Raja M. Y-shaped potential third-order nonlinear optical material – 3-(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-5-methyl hexanoic acid: an analysis of structural, spectroscopic and docking studies. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj02658a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The merit of this work is that it has clearly established the structure and the nonlinear optical properties relationship of the title molecule and it could be helpful for developing new nonlinear optical materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Krishna Murthy Potla
- Department of Chemistry
- Bapatla Engineering College (Autonomous)
- Acharya Nagarjuna University Post Graduate Research Centre
- Bapatla-522 102
- India
| | - Francisco A. P. Osório
- Instituto de Física
- Universidade Federal de Goiás
- Goiânia
- Brazil
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás
| | - Clodoaldo Valverde
- Laboratório de Modelagem Molecular Aplicada e Simulação (LaMMAS)
- Campus de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas
- Universidade Estadual de Goiás
- Anápolis
- Brazil
| | - Suneetha Vankayalapati
- Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research
- Chennai
- India
- Department of Chemistry
- Bapatla College of Arts and Sciences
| | - P. A. Suchetan
- Department of Studies and Research in Chemistry
- University College of Science
- Tumkur University
- Tumkur-572 103
- India
| | - M. Raja
- Department of Physics
- Govt. Thirumagal Mills College
- Vellore
- India
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18
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Bueno MJ, Jimenez-Renard V, Samino S, Capellades J, Junza A, López-Rodríguez ML, Garcia-Carceles J, Lopez-Fabuel I, Bolaños JP, Chandel NS, Yanes O, Colomer R, Quintela-Fandino M. Essentiality of fatty acid synthase in the 2D to anchorage-independent growth transition in transforming cells. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5011. [PMID: 31676791 PMCID: PMC6825217 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13028-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Upregulation of fatty acid synthase (FASN) is a common event in cancer, although its mechanistic and potential therapeutic roles are not completely understood. In this study, we establish a key role of FASN during transformation. FASN is required for eliciting the anaplerotic shift of the Krebs cycle observed in cancer cells. However, its main role is to consume acetyl-CoA, which unlocks isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-dependent reductive carboxylation, producing the reductive power necessary to quench reactive oxygen species (ROS) originated during the switch from two-dimensional (2D) to three-dimensional (3D) growth (a necessary hallmark of cancer). Upregulation of FASN elicits the 2D-to-3D switch; however, FASN's synthetic product palmitate is dispensable for this process since cells satisfy their fatty acid requirements from the media. In vivo, genetic deletion or pharmacologic inhibition of FASN before oncogenic activation prevents tumor development and invasive growth. These results render FASN as a potential target for cancer prevention studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Bueno
- Breast Cancer Clinical Research Unit, CNIO - Spanish National Cancer Research Center, Madrid, Spain
| | - Veronica Jimenez-Renard
- Breast Cancer Clinical Research Unit, CNIO - Spanish National Cancer Research Center, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Samino
- Metabolomics Platform, Department of Electronic Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, CIBERDEM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Capellades
- Metabolomics Platform, Department of Electronic Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, CIBERDEM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandra Junza
- Metabolomics Platform, Department of Electronic Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, CIBERDEM, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Irene Lopez-Fabuel
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics (IBFG), Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Juan P Bolaños
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics (IBFG), Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Navdeep S Chandel
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Oscar Yanes
- Metabolomics Platform, Department of Electronic Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, CIBERDEM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramon Colomer
- Medical Oncology Hospital, Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Quintela-Fandino
- Breast Cancer Clinical Research Unit, CNIO - Spanish National Cancer Research Center, Madrid, Spain.
- Medical Oncology Hospital, Universitario Quiron, Pozuelo de Alarcon - Madrid, Spain.
- Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario de Fuenlabrada, Fuenlabrada - Madrid, Spain.
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19
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Huang SY, Huang GJ, Hsieh PF, Wu HC, Huang WC. Osajin displays potential antiprostate cancer efficacy via impairment of fatty acid synthase and androgen receptor expression. Prostate 2019; 79:1543-1552. [PMID: 31299104 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, antiprostate cancer (PCa) drugs, including androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), are initially effective; however, most patients with PCa who receive ADT eventually progress to deadly aggressiveness. There is an urgent need to seek alternative strategies to cure this lethal disease. Activation of lipogenesis has been demonstrated to lead to PCa progression. Therefore, targeting the aberrant lipogenic activity could be developed therapeutically in PCa. The aim of this study is to investigate the molecular basis and efficacy of osajin, a bioactive prenylated isoflavonoid, in PCa. METHODS PCa cells, LNCaP (androgen-sensitive) and C4-2 (androgen-insensitive/castration-resistant), were used in this study. Proliferation, migration, and invasion analyses were conducted by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method, a wound healing assay, and the transwell method. Lipogenesis was determined by a Fatty Acid Quantification Kit and oil red O staining. Apoptosis was assessed by annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide staining, caspase enzymatic activity, and Western blot analyses. RESULTS Osajin inhibited fatty acid synthase (FASN) expression, a key enzyme for lipogenesis, in PCa cells. By inhibiting FASN, osajin decreased the fatty-acid levels and lipid accumulation. Significantly, osajin downregulated androgen receptor (AR) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in PCa cells. Moreover, osajin suppressed PCa cell growth, migration, and invasion. Through activation of the caspase-dependent pathway, osajin induced apoptosis in PCa cells. CONCLUSIONS These data provide a novel molecular basis of osajin in PCa cells, and cotargeting lipogenesis and the AR axis via impairment of FASN and AR expression by osajin could be applied as a new and promising approach for the treatment of malignant PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Yin Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Jhong Huang
- School of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Fan Hsieh
- Department of Urology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Chin Wu
- Department of Urology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chin Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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20
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Guo C, Chen S, Liu W, Ma Y, Li J, Fisher PB, Fang X, Wang XY. Immunometabolism: A new target for improving cancer immunotherapy. Adv Cancer Res 2019; 143:195-253. [PMID: 31202359 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fundamental metabolic pathways are essential for mammalian cells to provide energy, precursors for biosynthesis of macromolecules, and reducing power for redox regulation. While dysregulated metabolism (e.g., aerobic glycolysis also known as the Warburg effect) has long been recognized as a hallmark of cancer, recent discoveries of metabolic reprogramming in immune cells during their activation and differentiation have led to an emerging concept of "immunometabolism." Considering the recent success of cancer immunotherapy in the treatment of several cancer types, increasing research efforts are being made to elucidate alterations in metabolic profiles of cancer and immune cells during their interplays in the setting of cancer progression and immunotherapy. In this review, we summarize recent advances in studies of metabolic reprogramming in cancer as well as differentiation and functionality of various immune cells. In particular, we will elaborate how distinct metabolic pathways in the tumor microenvironment cause functional impairment of immune cells and contribute to immune evasion by cancer. Lastly, we highlight the potential of metabolically reprogramming the tumor microenvironment to promote effective and long-lasting antitumor immunity for improved immunotherapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunqing Guo
- Department of Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Shixian Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Traditional Chinese Internal Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenjie Liu
- Department of Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Yibao Ma
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Traditional Chinese Internal Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Paul B Fisher
- Department of Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Xianjun Fang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Xiang-Yang Wang
- Department of Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States.
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21
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Kühne BA, Puig T, Ruiz-Martínez S, Crous-Masó J, Planas M, Feliu L, Cano A, García ML, Fritsche E, Llobet JM, Gómez-Catalán J, Barenys M. Comparison of migration disturbance potency of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) synthetic analogs and EGCG PEGylated PLGA nanoparticles in rat neurospheres. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 123:195-204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.10.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Zhang Y, Yao P, Cui Y, Wu Q, Zhu D. One‐Pot Enzymatic Synthesis of Cyclic Vicinal Diols from Aliphatic Dialdehydes via Intramolecular C−C Bond Formation and Carbonyl Reduction Using Pyruvate Decarboxylases and Alcohol Dehydrogenases. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201800455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District Beijing 100049 People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial BiotechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Xi Qi Dao, Tianjin Airport Economic Area Tianjin 300308 People's Republic of China Fax: (+86) 22-24828703
| | - Peiyuan Yao
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District Beijing 100049 People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial BiotechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Xi Qi Dao, Tianjin Airport Economic Area Tianjin 300308 People's Republic of China Fax: (+86) 22-24828703
| | - Yunfeng Cui
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial BiotechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Xi Qi Dao, Tianjin Airport Economic Area Tianjin 300308 People's Republic of China Fax: (+86) 22-24828703
| | - Qiaqing Wu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District Beijing 100049 People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial BiotechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Xi Qi Dao, Tianjin Airport Economic Area Tianjin 300308 People's Republic of China Fax: (+86) 22-24828703
| | - Dunming Zhu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District Beijing 100049 People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial BiotechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Xi Qi Dao, Tianjin Airport Economic Area Tianjin 300308 People's Republic of China Fax: (+86) 22-24828703
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23
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Jiang N, Lin JJ, Wang J, Zhang BN, Li A, Chen ZY, Guo S, Li BB, Duan YZ, Yan RY, Yan HF, Fu XY, Zhou JL, Yang HM, Cui Y. Novel treatment strategies for patients with HER2-positive breast cancer who do not benefit from current targeted therapy drugs. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:2183-2192. [PMID: 30186457 PMCID: PMC6122384 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 positive breast cancer (HER2+ BC) is characterized by a high rate of metastasis and drug resistance. The advent of targeted therapy drugs greatly improves the prognosis of HER2+ BC patients. However, drug resistance or severe side effects have limited the application of targeted therapy drugs. To achieve more effective treatment, considerable research has concentrated on strategies to overcome drug resistance. Abemaciclib (CDK4/6 inhibitor), a new antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), src homology 2 (SH2) containing tyrosine phosphatase-1 (SHP-1) and fatty acid synthase (FASN) have been demonstrated to improve drug resistance. In addition, using an effective vector to accurately deliver drugs to tumors has shown good application prospects. Many studies have also found that natural anti-cancer substances produced effective results during in vitro and in vivo anti-HER2+ BC research. This review aimed to summarize the current status of potential clinical drugs that may benefit HER2+ BC patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, 306 Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
- Department of General Surgery, 306 Teaching Hospital of Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Jing Lin
- Department of General Surgery, 306 Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
- Department of General Surgery, 306 Teaching Hospital of Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Hepatology, 302 Teaching Hospital of Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Bei-Ning Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, 306 Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
- Department of General Surgery, PLA 306 Clinical Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Beijing 230000, P.R. China
| | - Ao Li
- Department of General Surgery, 306 Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
- Department of General Surgery, PLA 306 Clinical Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Beijing 230000, P.R. China
| | - Zheng-Yang Chen
- Department of General Surgery, 306 Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
- Department of General Surgery, 306 Teaching Hospital of Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Song Guo
- Department of General Surgery, 306 Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
- Department of General Surgery, 306 Teaching Hospital of Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Bin-Bin Li
- Department of General Surgery, 306 Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
- Department of General Surgery, PLA 306 Clinical Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Beijing 230000, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Zhong Duan
- Department of General Surgery, 306 Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Ru-Yi Yan
- Department of General Surgery, PLA 306 Clinical Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Beijing 230000, P.R. China
- Department of Pathology, 306 Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Feng Yan
- Department of General Surgery, 306 Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Yan Fu
- Department of General Surgery, 306 Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Lian Zhou
- Department of Pathology, 306 Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - He-Ming Yang
- Department of General Surgery, 306 Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Yan Cui
- Department of General Surgery, 306 Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
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25
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Phokrai P, Poolsri W, Suwankulanan S, Phakdeeto N, Kaewkong W, Pekthong D, Richert L, Srisawang P. Suppressed de novo lipogenesis by plasma membrane citrate transporter inhibitor promotes apoptosis in HepG2 cells. FEBS Open Bio 2018; 8:986-1000. [PMID: 29928578 PMCID: PMC5986055 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Suppression of the expression or activities of enzymes that are involved in the synthesis of de novo lipogenesis (DNL) in cancer cells triggers cell death via apoptosis. The plasma membrane citrate transporter (PMCT) is the initial step that translocates citrate from blood circulation into the cytoplasm for de novo long-chain fatty acids synthesis. This study investigated the antitumor effect of the PMCT inhibitor (PMCTi) in inducing apoptosis by inhibiting the DNL pathway in HepG2 cells. The present findings showed that PMCTi reduced cell viability and enhanced apoptosis through decreased intracellular citrate levels, which consequently caused inhibition of fatty acid and triacylglycerol productions. Thus, as a result of the reduction in fatty acid synthesis, the activity of carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1 (CPT-1) was suppressed. Decreased CPT-1 activity also facilitated the disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) leading to stimulation of apoptosis. Surprisingly, primary human hepatocytes were not affected by PMCTi. Increased caspase-8 activity as a consequence of reduction in fatty acid synthesis was also found to cause disruption of ΔΨm. In addition, apoptosis induction by PMCTi was associated with an enhanced reactive oxygen species generation. Taken together, we suggest that inhibition of the DNL pathway following reduction in citrate levels is an important regulator of apoptosis in HepG2 cells via suppression of CPT-1 activity. Thus, targeting the DNL pathway mediating CPT-1 activity by PMCTi may be a selective potential anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phornpun Phokrai
- Department of Medical TechnologyFaculty of Science and TechnologyBansomdejchaopraya Rajabhat UniversityBangkokThailand
| | - Wan‐angkan Poolsri
- Department of PhysiologyFaculty of Medical ScienceNaresuan UniversityPhitsanulokThailand
| | - Somrudee Suwankulanan
- Department of PhysiologyFaculty of Medical ScienceNaresuan UniversityPhitsanulokThailand
| | - Narinthorn Phakdeeto
- Department of PhysiologyFaculty of Medical ScienceNaresuan UniversityPhitsanulokThailand
| | - Worasak Kaewkong
- Department of BiochemistryFaculty of Medical ScienceNaresuan UniversityPhitsanulokThailand
| | - Dumrongsak Pekthong
- Department of Pharmacy PracticeFaculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesNaresuan UniversityPhitsanulokThailand
| | | | - Piyarat Srisawang
- Department of PhysiologyFaculty of Medical ScienceNaresuan UniversityPhitsanulokThailand
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26
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(-)-Epigallocatechin 3-Gallate Synthetic Analogues Inhibit Fatty Acid Synthase and Show Anticancer Activity in Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23051160. [PMID: 29751678 PMCID: PMC6099607 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23051160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
(−)-Epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG) is a natural polyphenol from green tea with reported anticancer activity and capacity to inhibit the lipogenic enzyme fatty acid synthase (FASN), which is overexpressed in several human carcinomas. To improve the pharmacological profile of EGCG, we previously developed a family of EGCG derivatives and the lead compounds G28, G37 and G56 were characterized in HER2-positive breast cancer cells overexpressing FASN. Here, diesters G28, G37 and G56 and two G28 derivatives, monoesters M1 and M2, were synthesized and assessed in vitro for their cytotoxic, FASN inhibition and apoptotic activities in MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. All compounds displayed moderate to high cytotoxicity and significantly blocked FASN activity, monoesters M1 and M2 being more potent inhibitors than diesters. Interestingly, G28, M1, and M2 also diminished FASN protein expression levels, but only monoesters M1 and M2 induced apoptosis. Our results indicate that FASN inhibition by such polyphenolic compounds could be a new strategy in TNBC treatment, and highlight the potential anticancer activities of monoesters. Thus, G28, G37, G56, and most importantly M1 and M2, are anticancer candidates (alone or in combination) to be further characterized in vitro and in vivo.
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27
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Simabuco FM, Morale MG, Pavan IC, Morelli AP, Silva FR, Tamura RE. p53 and metabolism: from mechanism to therapeutics. Oncotarget 2018; 9:23780-23823. [PMID: 29805774 PMCID: PMC5955117 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor cell changes itself and its microenvironment to adapt to different situations, including action of drugs and other agents targeting tumor control. Therefore, metabolism plays an important role in the activation of survival mechanisms to keep the cell proliferative potential. The Warburg effect directs the cellular metabolism towards an aerobic glycolytic pathway, despite the fact that it generates less adenosine triphosphate than oxidative phosphorylation; because it creates the building blocks necessary for cell proliferation. The transcription factor p53 is the master tumor suppressor; it binds to more than 4,000 sites in the genome and regulates the expression of more than 500 genes. Among these genes are important regulators of metabolism, affecting glucose, lipids and amino acids metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and growth factors signaling. Wild-type and mutant p53 may have opposing effects in the expression of these metabolic genes. Therefore, depending on the p53 status of the cell, drugs that target metabolism may have different outcomes and metabolism may modulate drug resistance. Conversely, induction of p53 expression may regulate differently the tumor cell metabolism, inducing senescence, autophagy and apoptosis, which are dependent on the regulation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and/or ROS induction. The interplay between p53 and metabolism is essential in the decision of cell fate and for cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando M. Simabuco
- Laboratory of Functional Properties in Foods, School of Applied Sciences (FCA), Universidade de Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mirian G. Morale
- Center for Translational Investigation in Oncology/LIM24, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isadora C.B. Pavan
- Laboratory of Functional Properties in Foods, School of Applied Sciences (FCA), Universidade de Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana P. Morelli
- Laboratory of Functional Properties in Foods, School of Applied Sciences (FCA), Universidade de Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando R. Silva
- Laboratory of Functional Properties in Foods, School of Applied Sciences (FCA), Universidade de Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo E. Tamura
- Center for Translational Investigation in Oncology/LIM24, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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28
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Giró-Perafita A, Sarrats A, Pérez-Bueno F, Oliveras G, Buxó M, Brunet J, Viñas G, Miquel TP. Fatty acid synthase expression and its association with clinico-histopathological features in triple-negative breast cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:74391-74405. [PMID: 29088795 PMCID: PMC5650350 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) has poor prognosis and no approved targeted therapy. We previously showed that the enzyme fatty acid synthase (FASN) was largely expressed in a small TNBC patients' cohort and its inhibition synergized with cetuximab in TNBC preclinical mouse models. Here, we evaluated FASN and EGFR expression in a cohort of TNBC patients and we study their prognostic role and their association with clinico-histopathological features, intrinsic TNBC subtypes and survival. FASN, EGFR, CK5/6 and vimentin expression were retrospective evaluated by Immunohistochemistry in 100 primary TNBC tumors. FASN expression was classified into high and low FASN groups. EGFR, CK5/6 and vimentin expression were used in TNBC intrinsic subtypes classification. FASN was expressed in most of the TNBC patients but did not correlate with overall survival or disease-free survival in this cohort. High FASN group was significantly associated with positive node status. FASN expression was significantly higher in Basal-Like patients than in Mesenchymal-Like ones. EGFR expression was positive in 50% of the tumors, and those patients showed poorer DFS. Altogether, our findings provide a rationale for further investigation the prognostic role of FASN and EGFR expression in a larger cohort of TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadna Giró-Perafita
- New Terapeutics Targets Laboratory (TargetsLab), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Ariadna Sarrats
- New Terapeutics Targets Laboratory (TargetsLab), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Ferran Pérez-Bueno
- New Terapeutics Targets Laboratory (TargetsLab), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- Pathology Department, Dr. Josep Trueta Hospital and Catalan Institute of Health (ICS), Girona, Spain
| | - Glòria Oliveras
- New Terapeutics Targets Laboratory (TargetsLab), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Girona, Spain
| | - Maria Buxó
- Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
| | - Joan Brunet
- New Terapeutics Targets Laboratory (TargetsLab), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Girona, Spain
| | - Gemma Viñas
- New Terapeutics Targets Laboratory (TargetsLab), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Girona, Spain
| | - Teresa Puig Miquel
- New Terapeutics Targets Laboratory (TargetsLab), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
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Menendez JA, Lupu R. Fatty acid synthase (FASN) as a therapeutic target in breast cancer. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2017; 21:1001-1016. [PMID: 28922023 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2017.1381087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ten years ago, we put forward the metabolo-oncogenic nature of fatty acid synthase (FASN) in breast cancer. Since the conception of this hypothesis, which provided a model to explain how FASN is intertwined with various signaling networks to cell-autonomously regulate breast cancer initiation and progression, FASN has received considerable attention as a therapeutic target. However, despite the ever-growing evidence demonstrating the involvement of FASN as part of the cancer-associated metabolic reprogramming, translation of the basic science-discovery aspects of FASN blockade to the clinical arena remains a challenge. Areas covered: Ten years later, we herein review the preclinical lessons learned from the pharmaceutical liabilities of the first generation of FASN inhibitors. We provide an updated view of the current development and clinical testing of next generation FASN-targeted drugs. We also discuss new clinico-molecular approaches that should help us to convert roadblocks into roadways that will propel forward our therapeutic understanding of FASN. Expert opinion: With the recent demonstration of target engagement and early signs of clinical activity with the first orally available, selective, potent and reversible FASN inhibitor, we can expect Big pharma to revitalize their interest in lipogenic enzymes as well-credentialed targets for oncology drug development in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier A Menendez
- a ProCURE (Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance) , Metabolism & Cancer Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology , Girona , Spain.,b Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI) , Parc Hospitalari Martí i Julià , Girona , Spain
| | - Ruth Lupu
- c Department of Medicine and Experimental Pathology , Mayo Clinic , Rochester , MN , USA.,d Mayo Clinic Cancer Center , Rochester , MN , USA
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30
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Multi-level suppression of receptor-PI3K-mTORC1 by fatty acid synthase inhibitors is crucial for their efficacy against ovarian cancer cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:11600-11613. [PMID: 28086243 PMCID: PMC5355289 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptor-PI3K-mTORC1 signaling and fatty acid synthase (FASN)-regulated lipid biosynthesis harbor numerous drug targets and are molecularly connected. We hypothesize that unraveling the mechanisms of pathway cross-talk will be useful for designing novel co-targeting strategies for ovarian cancer (OC). The impact of receptor-PI3K-mTORC1 onto FASN is already well-characterized. However, reverse actions–from FASN towards receptor-PI3K-mTORC1–are still elusive. We show that FASN-blockade impairs receptor-PI3K-mTORC1 signaling at multiple levels. Thin-layer chromatography and MALDI-MS/MS reveals that FASN-inhibitors (C75, G28UCM) augment polyunsaturated fatty acids and diminish signaling lipids diacylglycerol (DAG) and phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3) in OC cells (SKOV3, OVCAR-3, A2780, HOC-7). Western blotting and micropatterning demonstrate that FASN-blockers impair phosphorylation/expression of EGF-receptor/ERBB/HER and decrease GRB2–EGF-receptor recruitment leading to PI3K-AKT suppression. FASN-inhibitors activate stress response-genes HIF-1α-REDD1 (RTP801/DIG2/DDIT4) and AMPKα causing mTORC1- and S6-repression. We conclude that FASN-inhibitor-mediated blockade of receptor-PI3K-mTORC1 occurs due to a number of distinct but cooperating processes. Moreover, decrease of PI3K-mTORC1 abolishes cross-repression of MEK-ERK causing ERK activation. Consequently, the MEK-inhibitor selumetinib/AZD6244, in contrast to the PI3K/mTOR-inhibitor dactolisib/NVP-BEZ235, increases growth inhibition when given together with a FASN-blocker. We are the first to provide deep insight on how FASN-inhibition blocks ERBB-PI3K-mTORC1 activity at multiple molecular levels. Moreover, our data encourage therapeutic approaches using FASN-antagonists together with MEK-ERK-inhibitors.
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Souchek JJ, Davis AL, Hill TK, Holmes MB, Qi B, Singh PK, Kridel SJ, Mohs AM. Combination Treatment with Orlistat-Containing Nanoparticles and Taxanes Is Synergistic and Enhances Microtubule Stability in Taxane-Resistant Prostate Cancer Cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:1819-1830. [PMID: 28615298 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Taxane-based therapy provides a survival benefit in patients with metastatic prostate cancer, yet the median survival is less than 20 months in this setting due in part to taxane-associated resistance. Innovative strategies are required to overcome chemoresistance for improved patient survival. Here, NanoOrl, a new experimental nanoparticle formulation of the FDA-approved drug, orlistat, was investigated for its cytotoxicity in taxane-resistant prostate cancer utilizing two established taxane-resistant (TxR) cell lines. Orlistat is a weight loss drug that inhibits gastric lipases, but is also a potent inhibitor of fatty acid synthase (FASN), which is overexpressed in many types of cancer. NanoOrl was also investigated for its potential to synergize with taxanes in TxR cell lines. Both orlistat and NanoOrl synergistically inhibited cell viability when combined with paclitaxel, docetaxel, and cabazitaxel in PC3-TxR and DU145-TxR cells, yet these combinations were also additive in parental lines. We observed synergistic levels of apoptosis in TxR cells treated with NanoOrl and docetaxel in combination. Mechanistically, the synergy between orlistat and taxanes was independent of effects on the P-glycoprotein multidrug resistance protein, as determined by an efflux activity assay. On the other hand, immunoblot and immunofluorescence staining with an anti-detyrosinated tubulin antibody demonstrated that enhanced microtubule stability was induced by combined NanoOrl and docetaxel treatment in TxR cells. Furthermore, TxR cells exhibited higher lipid synthesis, as demonstrated by 14C-choline incorporation that was abrogated by NanoOrl. These results provide a strong rationale to assess the translational potential of NanoOrl to overcome taxane resistance. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(9); 1819-30. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J Souchek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Amanda L Davis
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Tanner K Hill
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Megan B Holmes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Bowen Qi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Pankaj K Singh
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska.,Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska.,Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska.,Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Steven J Kridel
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,Wake Forest Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Aaron M Mohs
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska.,Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
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Chen XY, Ruan HB, Long XH, Peng AF, Zhou LD, Liu JM, Zhou Y, Liu ZL. Blocking fatty acid synthase inhibits tumor progression of human osteosarcoma by regulating the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2/phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway in xenograft models. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:2411-2416. [PMID: 28565856 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that fatty acid synthase (FASN) is overexpressed in osteosarcoma (OS) cells and tissues and, therefore, knockdown of FASN may inhibit OS cell proliferation, migration and invasion via regulation of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)/phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B(Akt) signaling pathway in vitro. However, the tumor microenvironment has a crucial role in the determination of tumor malignant phenotype. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of knockdown of FASN on OS progression and the potential molecular mechanism in nude mice with orthotopic tumor implants in vivo. Results demonstrated that the knockdown of FASN markedly suppressed the growth and metastasis of OS, at least partially, by blocking the HER2/PI3K/Akt signal pathway in mice with intratibial 143B OS xenografts. These results suggest that the FASN/HER2/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway may be a potential therapeutic target for OS management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Yin Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Hui Bing Ruan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Xin Hua Long
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Ai Fen Peng
- College of Humanities, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Long Dian Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Hong-Du Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Jia Ming Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Li Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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Heuer TS, Ventura R, Mordec K, Lai J, Fridlib M, Buckley D, Kemble G. FASN Inhibition and Taxane Treatment Combine to Enhance Anti-tumor Efficacy in Diverse Xenograft Tumor Models through Disruption of Tubulin Palmitoylation and Microtubule Organization and FASN Inhibition-Mediated Effects on Oncogenic Signaling and Gene Expression. EBioMedicine 2016; 16:51-62. [PMID: 28159572 PMCID: PMC5474427 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Palmitate, the enzymatic product of FASN, and palmitate-derived lipids support cell metabolism, membrane architecture, protein localization, and intracellular signaling. Tubulins are among many proteins that are modified post-translationally by acylation with palmitate. We show that FASN inhibition with TVB-3166 or TVB-3664 significantly reduces tubulin palmitoylation and mRNA expression. Disrupted microtubule organization in tumor cells is an additional consequence of FASN inhibition. FASN inhibition combined with taxane treatment enhances inhibition of in vitro tumor cell growth compared to treatment with either agent alone. In lung, ovarian, prostate, and pancreatic tumor xenograft studies, FASN inhibition and paclitaxel or docetaxel combine to inhibit xenograft tumor growth with significantly enhanced anti-tumor activity. Tumor regression was observed in 3 of 6 tumor xenograft models. FASN inhibition does not affect cellular taxane concentration in vitro. Our data suggest a mechanism of enhanced anti-tumor activity of the FASN and taxane drug combination that includes inhibition of tubulin palmitoylation and disruption of microtubule organization in tumor cells, as well as a sensitization of tumor cells to FASN inhibition-mediated effects that include gene expression changes and inhibition of β-catenin. Together, the results strongly support investigation of combined FASN inhibition and taxane treatment as a therapy for a variety of human cancers. FASN inhibition decreases tubulin palmitoylation and disrupts microtubules in tumor cells but not non-tumor cells Combined FASN inhibition and taxane treatment increases inhibition of in vitro tumor cell colony growth FASN inhibition does not affect intracellular paclitaxel concentrations Combined FASN inhibition and taxane treatment significantly increases inhibition of tumor growth or causes regression of diverse xenograft tumors Taxane treatment sensitizes xenograft tumors to FASN inhibition-mediated beta-catenin blockade and gene expression changes
Fatty acid synthase (FASN) is a vital enzyme in tumor cell biology; the over-expression of FASN is associated with diminished patient prognosis and resistance to many cancer therapies. Our data demonstrate that selective and potent FASN inhibition combines with taxane treatment to enhance tumor growth inhibition and induce tumor regression in varied preclinical tumor models. Mechanism-of-action studies indicate that the increased activity of the combination results from the effects of both drugs. The results support clinical investigation of combined FASN inhibition and taxane treatment as an anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Julie Lai
- 3-V Biosciences, Menlo Park, CA, USA
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Vernieri C, Casola S, Foiani M, Pietrantonio F, de Braud F, Longo V. Targeting Cancer Metabolism: Dietary and Pharmacologic Interventions. Cancer Discov 2016; 6:1315-1333. [PMID: 27872127 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-16-0615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Most tumors display oncogene-driven reprogramming of several metabolic pathways, which are crucial to sustain their growth and proliferation. In recent years, both dietary and pharmacologic approaches that target deregulated tumor metabolism are beginning to be considered for clinical applications. Dietary interventions exploit the ability of nutrient-restricted conditions to exert broad biological effects, protecting normal cells, organs, and systems, while sensitizing a wide variety of cancer cells to cytotoxic therapies. On the other hand, drugs targeting enzymes or metabolites of crucial metabolic pathways can be highly specific and effective, but must be matched with a responsive tumor, which might rapidly adapt. In this review, we illustrate how dietary and pharmacologic therapies differ in their effect on tumor growth, proliferation, and metabolism and discuss the available preclinical and clinical evidence in favor of or against each of them. We also indicate, when appropriate, how to optimize future investigations on metabolic therapies on the basis of tumor- and patient-related characteristics. SIGNIFICANCE To our knowledge, this is the first review article that comprehensively analyzes the preclinical and preliminary clinical experimental foundations of both dietary and pharmacologic metabolic interventions in cancer therapy. Among several promising therapies, we propose treatment personalization on the basis of tumor genetics, tumor metabolism, and patient systemic metabolism.Cancer Discov; 6(12); 1315-33. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Vernieri
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy. .,Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare (IFOM), Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Casola
- Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare (IFOM), Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Foiani
- Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare (IFOM), Milan, Italy.,Universita' degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo Pietrantonio
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo de Braud
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy.,Universita' degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Valter Longo
- Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare (IFOM), Milan, Italy. .,Longevity Institute, Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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Fasnall, a Selective FASN Inhibitor, Shows Potent Anti-tumor Activity in the MMTV-Neu Model of HER2(+) Breast Cancer. Cell Chem Biol 2016; 23:678-88. [PMID: 27265747 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Many tumors are dependent on de novo fatty acid synthesis to maintain cell growth. Fatty acid synthase (FASN) catalyzes the final synthetic step of this pathway, and its upregulation is correlated with tumor aggressiveness. The consequences and adaptive responses of acute or chronic inhibition of essential enzymes such as FASN are not fully understood. Herein we identify Fasnall, a thiophenopyrimidine selectively targeting FASN through its co-factor binding sites. Global lipidomics studies with Fasnall showed profound changes in cellular lipid profiles, sharply increasing ceramides, diacylglycerols, and unsaturated fatty acids as well as increasing exogenous palmitate uptake that is deviated more into neutral lipid formation rather than phospholipids. We also showed that the increase in ceramide levels contributes to some extent in the mediation of apoptosis. Consistent with this mechanism of action, Fasnall showed potent anti-tumor activity in the MMTV-Neu model of HER2(+) breast cancer, particularly when combined with carboplatin.
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36
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Giró-Perafita A, Palomeras S, Lum DH, Blancafort A, Viñas G, Oliveras G, Pérez-Bueno F, Sarrats A, Welm AL, Puig T. Preclinical Evaluation of Fatty Acid Synthase and EGFR Inhibition in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:4687-97. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-3133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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37
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Circulating Fatty Acid Synthase in pregnant women: Relationship to blood pressure, maternal metabolism and newborn parameters. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24167. [PMID: 27090298 PMCID: PMC4835700 DOI: 10.1038/srep24167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The enzyme FASN (fatty acid synthase) is potentially related with hypertension and metabolic dysfunction. FASN is highly expressed in the human placenta. We aimed to investigate the relationship circulating FASN has with blood pressure, maternal metabolism and newborn parameters in healthy pregnant women. Circulating FASN was assessed in 115 asymptomatic pregnant women in the second trimester of gestation along with C-peptide, fasting glucose and insulin, post-load glucose lipids, HMW-adiponectin and blood pressure (the latter was assessed in each trimester of gestation). At birth, newborns and placentas were weighed. FASN expression was also able to be assessed in 80 placentas. Higher circulating FASN was associated with lower systolic blood pressure (SBP), with a more favourable metabolic phenotype (lower fasting glucose and insulin, post load glucose, HbAc1, HOMA-IR and C-peptide), and with lower placental and birth weight (all p < 0.05 to p < 0.001). Placental FASN expression related positively to circulating FASN (p < 0.005) and negatively to placental weight (p < 0.05). Our observations suggest a physiological role of placental FASN in human pregnancy. Future studies will clarify whether circulating FASN of placental origin does actually regulate placental and fetal growth, and (thereby) has a favourable influence on the pregnant mother’s insulin sensitivity and blood pressure.
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Kinlaw WB, Baures PW, Lupien LE, Davis WL, Kuemmerle NB. Fatty Acids and Breast Cancer: Make Them on Site or Have Them Delivered. J Cell Physiol 2016; 231:2128-41. [PMID: 26844415 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Brisk fatty acid (FA) production by cancer cells is accommodated by the Warburg effect. Most breast and other cancer cell types are addicted to fatty acids (FA), which they require for membrane phospholipid synthesis, signaling purposes, and energy production. Expression of the enzymes required for FA synthesis is closely linked to each of the major classes of signaling molecules that stimulate BC cell proliferation. This review focuses on the regulation of FA synthesis in BC cells, and the impact of FA, or the lack thereof, on the tumor cell phenotype. Given growing awareness of the impact of dietary fat and obesity on BC biology, we will also examine the less-frequently considered notion that, in addition to de novo FA synthesis, the lipolytic uptake of preformed FA may also be an important mechanism of lipid acquisition. Indeed, it appears that cancer cells may exist at different points along a "lipogenic-lipolytic axis," and FA uptake could thwart attempts to exploit the strict requirement for FA focused solely on inhibition of de novo FA synthesis. Strategies for clinically targeting FA metabolism will be discussed, and the current status of the medicinal chemistry in this area will be assessed. J. Cell. Physiol. 231: 2128-2141, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- William B Kinlaw
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Paul W Baures
- Department of Chemistry, Keene State University, Keene, New Hampshire
| | - Leslie E Lupien
- The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Program in Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Lebanon, New Hampshire.,Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Wilson L Davis
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Nancy B Kuemmerle
- The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, White River Junction VAMC, White River Junction, Vermont
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Ohol YM, Wang Z, Kemble G, Duke G. Direct Inhibition of Cellular Fatty Acid Synthase Impairs Replication of Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Other Respiratory Viruses. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144648. [PMID: 26659560 PMCID: PMC4684246 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid synthase (FASN) catalyzes the de novo synthesis of palmitate, a fatty acid utilized for synthesis of more complex fatty acids, plasma membrane structure, and post-translational palmitoylation of host and viral proteins. We have developed a potent inhibitor of FASN (TVB-3166) that reduces the production of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) progeny in vitro from infected human lung epithelial cells (A549) and in vivo from mice challenged intranasally with RSV. Addition of TVB-3166 to the culture medium of RSV-infected A549 cells reduces viral spread without inducing cytopathic effects. The antiviral effect of the FASN inhibitor is a direct consequence of reducing de novo palmitate synthesis; similar doses are required for both antiviral activity and inhibition of palmitate production, and the addition of exogenous palmitate to TVB-3166-treated cells restores RSV production. TVB-3166 has minimal effect on RSV entry but significantly reduces viral RNA replication, protein levels, viral particle formation and infectivity of released viral particles. TVB-3166 substantially impacts viral replication, reducing production of infectious progeny 250-fold. In vivo, oral administration of TVB-3166 to RSV-A (Long)-infected BALB/c mice on normal chow, starting either on the day of infection or one day post-infection, reduces RSV lung titers 21-fold and 9-fold respectively. Further, TVB-3166 also inhibits the production of RSV B, human parainfluenza 3 (PIV3), and human rhinovirus 16 (HRV16) progeny from A549, HEp2 and HeLa cells respectively. Thus, inhibition of FASN and palmitate synthesis by TVB-3166 significantly reduces RSV progeny both in vitro and in vivo and has broad-spectrum activity against other respiratory viruses. FASN inhibition may alter the composition of regions of the host cell membrane where RSV assembly or replication occurs, or change the membrane composition of RSV progeny particles, decreasing their infectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamini M. Ohol
- 3-V Biosciences, Menlo Park, California, United States of America
| | - Zhaoti Wang
- 3-V Biosciences, Menlo Park, California, United States of America
| | - George Kemble
- 3-V Biosciences, Menlo Park, California, United States of America
| | - Gregory Duke
- 3-V Biosciences, Menlo Park, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Ventura R, Mordec K, Waszczuk J, Wang Z, Lai J, Fridlib M, Buckley D, Kemble G, Heuer TS. Inhibition of de novo Palmitate Synthesis by Fatty Acid Synthase Induces Apoptosis in Tumor Cells by Remodeling Cell Membranes, Inhibiting Signaling Pathways, and Reprogramming Gene Expression. EBioMedicine 2015; 2:808-24. [PMID: 26425687 PMCID: PMC4563160 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2015.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of de novo palmitate synthesis via fatty acid synthase (FASN) inhibition provides an unproven approach to cancer therapy with a strong biological rationale. FASN expression increases with tumor progression and associates with chemoresistance, tumor metastasis, and diminished patient survival in numerous tumor types. TVB-3166, an orally-available, reversible, potent, and selective FASN inhibitor induces apoptosis, inhibits anchorage-independent cell growth under lipid-rich conditions, and inhibits in-vivo xenograft tumor growth. Dose-dependent effects are observed between 20–200 nM TVB-3166, which agrees with the IC50 in biochemical FASN and cellular palmitate synthesis assays. Mechanistic studies show that FASN inhibition disrupts lipid raft architecture, inhibits biological pathways such as lipid biosynthesis, PI3K–AKT–mTOR and β-catenin signal transduction, and inhibits expression of oncogenic effectors such as c-Myc; effects that are tumor-cell specific. Our results demonstrate that FASN inhibition has anti-tumor activities in biologically diverse preclinical tumor models and provide mechanistic and pharmacologic evidence that FASN inhibition presents a promising therapeutic strategy for treating a variety of cancers, including those expressing mutant K-Ras, ErbB2, c-Met, and PTEN. The reported findings inform ongoing studies to link mechanisms of action with defined tumor types and advance the discovery of biomarkers supporting development of FASN inhibitors as cancer therapeutics. Research in context Fatty acid synthase (FASN) is a vital enzyme in tumor cell biology; the over-expression of FASN is associated with diminished patient prognosis and resistance to many cancer therapies. Our data demonstrate that selective and potent FASN inhibition with TVB-3166 leads to selective death of tumor cells, without significant effect on normal cells, and inhibits in vivo xenograft tumor growth at well-tolerated doses. Candidate biomarkers for selecting tumors highly sensitive to FASN inhibition are identified. These preclinical data provide mechanistic and pharmacologic evidence that FASN inhibition presents a promising therapeutic strategy for treating a variety of cancers. TVB-3166 is an orally available, reversible, potent, and selective FASN inhibitor. TVB-3166 inhibition of FASN induces apoptosis in tumor cells but not normal cells. TVB-3166 inhibits in vivo xenograft tumor growth. Candidate biomarkers to select tumors sensitive to FASN inhibition are identified.
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Key Words
- Beta-catenin
- CRC, colorectal cancer
- DMEM, Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- FITC, fluorescein isothiocyanate
- Fatty acid synthase
- HUVEC, human umbilical vein endothelial cells
- Inhibitor
- KRAS
- LC–MS, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry
- Lipid raft
- MEM, minimal essential media
- MYC
- NADPH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
- NSCLC, non-small-cell lung cancer
- PBS, phosphate buffered saline
- TGI, tumor growth inhibition
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Blancafort A, Giró-Perafita A, Oliveras G, Palomeras S, Turrado C, Campuzano Ò, Carrión-Salip D, Massaguer A, Brugada R, Palafox M, Gómez-Miragaya J, González-Suárez E, Puig T. Dual fatty acid synthase and HER2 signaling blockade shows marked antitumor activity against breast cancer models resistant to anti-HER2 drugs. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131241. [PMID: 26107737 PMCID: PMC4479882 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Blocking the enzyme Fatty Acid Synthase (FASN) leads to apoptosis of HER2-positive breast carcinoma cells. The hypothesis is that blocking FASN, in combination with anti-HER2 signaling agents, would be an effective antitumor strategy in preclinical HER2+ breast cancer models of trastuzumab and lapatinib resistance. We developed and molecularly characterized in vitro HER2+ models of resistance to trastuzumab (SKTR), lapatinib (SKLR) and both (SKLTR). The cellular interactions of combining anti-FASN polyphenolic compounds (EGCG and the synthetic G28UCM) with anti-HER2 signaling drugs (trastuzumab plus pertuzumab and temsirolimus) were analyzed. Tumor growth inhibition after treatment with EGCG, pertuzumab, temsirolimus or the combination was evaluated in two in vivo orthoxenopatients: one derived from a HER2+ patient and another from a patient who relapsed on trastuzumab and lapatinib-based therapy. SKTR, SKLR and SKLTR showed hyperactivation of EGFR and p-ERK1/2 and PI3KCA mutations. Dual-resistant cells (SKLTR) also showed hyperactivation of HER4 and recovered levels of p-AKT compared with mono-resistant cells. mTOR, p-mTOR and FASN expression remained stable in SKTR, SKLR and SKLTR. In vitro, anti-FASN compounds plus pertuzumab showed synergistic interactions in lapatinib- and dual- resistant cells and improved the results of pertuzumab plus trastuzumab co-treatment. FASN inhibitors combined with temsirolimus displayed the strongest synergistic interactions in resistant cells. In vivo, both orthoxenopatients showed strong response to the antitumor activity of the combination of EGCG with pertuzumab or temsirolimus, without signs of toxicity. We showed that the simultaneous blockade of FASN and HER2 pathways is effective in cells and in breast cancer models refractory to anti-HER2 therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Blancafort
- New Therapeutic Targets Lab (TargetsLab), Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Ariadna Giró-Perafita
- New Therapeutic Targets Lab (TargetsLab), Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Glòria Oliveras
- New Therapeutic Targets Lab (TargetsLab), Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- Catalan Institute of Oncology, Hospital Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain
| | - Sònia Palomeras
- New Therapeutic Targets Lab (TargetsLab), Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Carlos Turrado
- Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Òscar Campuzano
- Cardiovascular Genetics Center, University of Girona-IDIBGi, Girona, Spain
| | - Dolors Carrión-Salip
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Anna Massaguer
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Ramon Brugada
- Cardiovascular Genetics Center, University of Girona-IDIBGi, Girona, Spain
| | - Marta Palafox
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat-Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jorge Gómez-Miragaya
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat-Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva González-Suárez
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat-Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Puig
- New Therapeutic Targets Lab (TargetsLab), Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Álvarez-Pérez B, Homs J, Bosch-Mola M, Puig T, Reina F, Verdú E, Boadas-Vaello P. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate treatment reduces thermal hyperalgesia after spinal cord injury by down-regulating RhoA expression in mice. Eur J Pain 2015; 20:341-52. [DOI: 10.1002/ejp.722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Álvarez-Pérez
- Research Group of Clinical Anatomy; Embryology; Neuroscience and Molecular Oncology (NEOMA); Department of Medical Sciences; Universitat de Girona; Spain
| | - J. Homs
- Research Group of Clinical Anatomy; Embryology; Neuroscience and Molecular Oncology (NEOMA); Department of Medical Sciences; Universitat de Girona; Spain
- Department of Physical Therapy; EUSES - Universitat de Girona; Spain
| | - M. Bosch-Mola
- Research Group of Clinical Anatomy; Embryology; Neuroscience and Molecular Oncology (NEOMA); Department of Medical Sciences; Universitat de Girona; Spain
| | - T. Puig
- Research Group of Clinical Anatomy; Embryology; Neuroscience and Molecular Oncology (NEOMA); Department of Medical Sciences; Universitat de Girona; Spain
| | - F. Reina
- Research Group of Clinical Anatomy; Embryology; Neuroscience and Molecular Oncology (NEOMA); Department of Medical Sciences; Universitat de Girona; Spain
| | - E. Verdú
- Research Group of Clinical Anatomy; Embryology; Neuroscience and Molecular Oncology (NEOMA); Department of Medical Sciences; Universitat de Girona; Spain
| | - P. Boadas-Vaello
- Research Group of Clinical Anatomy; Embryology; Neuroscience and Molecular Oncology (NEOMA); Department of Medical Sciences; Universitat de Girona; Spain
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Xifró X, Vidal-Sancho L, Boadas-Vaello P, Turrado C, Alberch J, Puig T, Verdú E. Novel epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) derivative as a new therapeutic strategy for reducing neuropathic pain after chronic constriction nerve injury in mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123122. [PMID: 25855977 PMCID: PMC4391943 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is common in peripheral nerve injury and often fails to respond to ordinary medication. Here, we investigated whether the two novel epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) polyphenolic derivatives, compound 23 and 30, reduce the neuropathic pain in mice chronic constriction nerve injury (CCI). First, we performed a dose-response study to evaluate nociceptive sensation after administration of EGCG and its derivatives 23 and 30, using the Hargreaves test at 7 and 21 days after injury (dpi). We daily administered EGCG, 23 and 30 (10 to 100 mg/Kg; i.p.) during the first week post-CCI. None of the doses of compound 23 caused significant pain diminution, whereas 50mg/kg was optimal for both EGCG and 30 to delay the latency of paw withdrawal. With 50 mg/Kg, we showed that EGCC prevented the thermal hyperalgesia from 7 to 21 dpi and compound 30 from 14 to 56 dpi. To evaluate the molecular mechanisms underpinning why EGCG and compound 30 differentially prevented the thermal hyperalgesia, we studied several biochemical parameters in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord at 14 and 56 dpi. We showed that the effect observed with EGCG and compound 30 was related to the inhibition of fatty acid synthase (FASN), a known target of these polyphenolic compounds. Additionally, we observed that EGCG and compound 30 reduced the expression of CCI-mediated inflammatory proteins and the nuclear localization of nuclear factor-kappa B at 14 dpi, but not at 56 dpi. We also strongly detected a decrease of synaptic plasma membrane levels of N-methyl-D-asparte receptor 2B in CCI-mice treated with compound 30 at 56 dpi. Altogether, compound 30 reduced the chronic thermal hyperalgesia induced by CCI better than the natural compound EGCG. Thus, our findings provide a rationale for the preclinical development of compound 30 as an agent to treat neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Xifró
- Grupo de Investigación de Anatomía Clínica, Embriología, Neurociencia y Oncología Molecular (NEOMA), Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universitat de Girona (UdG), Girona, Spain
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Immunologia i Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Vidal-Sancho
- Grupo de Investigación de Anatomía Clínica, Embriología, Neurociencia y Oncología Molecular (NEOMA), Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universitat de Girona (UdG), Girona, Spain
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Immunologia i Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pere Boadas-Vaello
- Grupo de Investigación de Anatomía Clínica, Embriología, Neurociencia y Oncología Molecular (NEOMA), Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universitat de Girona (UdG), Girona, Spain
| | - Carlos Turrado
- Laboratorio de Química Médica, Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Alberch
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Immunologia i Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Puig
- Grupo de Investigación de Anatomía Clínica, Embriología, Neurociencia y Oncología Molecular (NEOMA), Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universitat de Girona (UdG), Girona, Spain
- * E-mail: (TP); (EV)
| | - Enrique Verdú
- Grupo de Investigación de Anatomía Clínica, Embriología, Neurociencia y Oncología Molecular (NEOMA), Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universitat de Girona (UdG), Girona, Spain
- * E-mail: (TP); (EV)
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Schug ZT, Peck B, Jones DT, Zhang Q, Grosskurth S, Alam IS, Goodwin LM, Smethurst E, Mason S, Blyth K, McGarry L, James D, Shanks E, Kalna G, Saunders RE, Jiang M, Howell M, Lassailly F, Thin MZ, Spencer-Dene B, Stamp G, van den Broek NJF, Mackay G, Bulusu V, Kamphorst JJ, Tardito S, Strachan D, Harris AL, Aboagye EO, Critchlow SE, Wakelam MJO, Schulze A, Gottlieb E. Acetyl-CoA synthetase 2 promotes acetate utilization and maintains cancer cell growth under metabolic stress. Cancer Cell 2015; 27:57-71. [PMID: 25584894 PMCID: PMC4297291 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 512] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A functional genomics study revealed that the activity of acetyl-CoA synthetase 2 (ACSS2) contributes to cancer cell growth under low-oxygen and lipid-depleted conditions. Comparative metabolomics and lipidomics demonstrated that acetate is used as a nutritional source by cancer cells in an ACSS2-dependent manner, and supplied a significant fraction of the carbon within the fatty acid and phospholipid pools. ACSS2 expression is upregulated under metabolically stressed conditions and ACSS2 silencing reduced the growth of tumor xenografts. ACSS2 exhibits copy-number gain in human breast tumors, and ACSS2 expression correlates with disease progression. These results signify a critical role for acetate consumption in the production of lipid biomass within the harsh tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary T Schug
- Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Barrie Peck
- Cancer Research UK, London Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Dylan T Jones
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Qifeng Zhang
- Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | | | - Israt S Alam
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | | | | | - Susan Mason
- Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Karen Blyth
- Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Lynn McGarry
- Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Daniel James
- Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Emma Shanks
- Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Gabriela Kalna
- Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Rebecca E Saunders
- Cancer Research UK, London Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Ming Jiang
- Cancer Research UK, London Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Michael Howell
- Cancer Research UK, London Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Francois Lassailly
- Cancer Research UK, London Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - May Zaw Thin
- Cancer Research UK, London Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Bradley Spencer-Dene
- Cancer Research UK, London Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Gordon Stamp
- Cancer Research UK, London Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Niels J F van den Broek
- Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Gillian Mackay
- Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Vinay Bulusu
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Jurre J Kamphorst
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Saverio Tardito
- Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - David Strachan
- Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Adrian L Harris
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Eric O Aboagye
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | | | | | - Almut Schulze
- Cancer Research UK, London Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Eyal Gottlieb
- Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK.
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Wellberg EA, Rudolph MC, Lewis AS, Padilla-Just N, Jedlicka P, Anderson SM. Modulation of tumor fatty acids, through overexpression or loss of thyroid hormone responsive protein spot 14 is associated with altered growth and metastasis. Breast Cancer Res 2014; 16:481. [PMID: 25472762 PMCID: PMC4303195 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-014-0481-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Spot14 (S14), encoded by the THRSP gene, regulates de novo fatty acid synthesis in the liver, adipose, and lactating mammary gland. We recently showed that S14 stimulated fatty acid synthase (FASN) activity in vitro, and increased the synthesis of fatty acids in mammary epithelial cells in vivo. Elevated de novo fatty acid synthesis is a distinguishing feature of many solid tumors compared with adjacent normal tissue. This characteristic is thought to be acquired during tumor progression, as rapidly proliferating cells have a heightened requirement for membrane phospholipids. Further, overexpression of FASN is sufficient to stimulate cell proliferation. While many studies have focused on the FASN enzyme in cancer biology, few studies have addressed the roles of proteins that modify FASN activity, such as S14. Methods Tumor fatty acids were modulated using two mouse models, mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV)-neu mice overexpressing S14 and MMTV-polyomavirus middle T antigen (PyMT) mice lacking S14, and associations between elevated or impaired fatty acid synthesis on tumor latency, growth, metastasis, and signaling pathways were investigated. We evaluated S14-dependent gene expression profiles in mouse tumors by microarray and used publicly available microarray datasets of human breast tumors. Results S14 overexpression in the MMTV-Neu transgenic model is associated with elevated medium-chain fatty acids, increased proliferation and a shorter tumor latency, but reduced tumor metastasis compared to controls. Loss of S14 in the MMTV-PyMT model decreased FASN activity and the synthesis of medium-chain fatty acids but did not alter tumor latency. Impaired fatty acid synthesis was associated with reduced solid tumor cell proliferation, the formation of cystic lesions in some animals, and decreased phosphorylation of Src and protein kinase B (Akt). Analysis of gene expression in these mouse and human tumors revealed a relationship between S14 status and the expression of genes associated with luminal epithelial differentiation. Conclusions This study demonstrates a potential role for S14 in regulating mammary tumor growth and fatty acid synthesis in vivo. Furthermore, these results suggest that modulating the amount of medium chain fatty acids, by changing the levels of S14, has the potential to impact malignant mammary tumor phenotypes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13058-014-0481-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Wellberg
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - Michael C Rudolph
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA. .,Current Address: Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - Andrew S Lewis
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - Nuria Padilla-Just
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA. .,Program in Cancer Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 East 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA. .,Current Address: Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - Paul Jedlicka
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA. .,Program in Cancer Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 East 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - Steven M Anderson
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA. .,Program in Cancer Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 East 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
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Veigel D, Wagner R, Stübiger G, Wuczkowski M, Filipits M, Horvat R, Benhamú B, López-Rodríguez ML, Leisser A, Valent P, Grusch M, Hegardt FG, García J, Serra D, Auersperg N, Colomer R, Grunt TW. Fatty acid synthase is a metabolic marker of cell proliferation rather than malignancy in ovarian cancer and its precursor cells. Int J Cancer 2014; 136:2078-90. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Veigel
- Signaling Networks Program; Division of Oncology; Department of Medicine I; Medical University Vienna; Vienna Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Renate Wagner
- Signaling Networks Program; Division of Oncology; Department of Medicine I; Medical University Vienna; Vienna Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Gerald Stübiger
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University Vienna; Vienna Austria
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research; Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Michael Wuczkowski
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research; Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Martin Filipits
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University Vienna; Vienna Austria
- Institute of Cancer Research; Department of Medicine I; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Reinhard Horvat
- Clinical Institute of Pathology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Bellinda Benhamú
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I; Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Madrid Spain
| | - María Luz López-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I; Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Madrid Spain
| | - Asha Leisser
- Signaling Networks Program; Division of Oncology; Department of Medicine I; Medical University Vienna; Vienna Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology; Vienna Austria
| | - Peter Valent
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University Vienna; Vienna Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology; Vienna Austria
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology; Department of Medicine I; Medical University Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Michael Grusch
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University Vienna; Vienna Austria
- Institute of Cancer Research; Department of Medicine I; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Fausto G. Hegardt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB); Barcelona Spain
- CIBERobn Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición; Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Madrid Spain
| | - Jordi García
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB); Barcelona Spain
- CIBERobn Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición; Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Madrid Spain
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Facultat de Química; Universitat de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Dolors Serra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB); Barcelona Spain
- CIBERobn Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición; Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Madrid Spain
| | - Nelly Auersperg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Ramón Colomer
- Department of Medical Oncology; Hospital Universitario La Princesa; Madrid Spain
- Clinical Research Program; Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO); Madrid Spain
| | - Thomas W. Grunt
- Signaling Networks Program; Division of Oncology; Department of Medicine I; Medical University Vienna; Vienna Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University Vienna; Vienna Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology; Vienna Austria
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Bessadóttir M, Skúladóttir EÁ, Gowan S, Eccles S, Ögmundsdóttir S, Ogmundsdóttir HM. Effects of anti-proliferative lichen metabolite, protolichesterinic acid on fatty acid synthase, cell signalling and drug response in breast cancer cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 21:1717-1724. [PMID: 25442282 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2014.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lichen compound (+)-protolichesterinic acid (+)-PA, isolated from Iceland moss, has anti-proliferative effects on several cancer cell lines. The chemical structure of (+)-PA is similar to a known fatty acid synthase (FASN) inhibitor C75. AIMS To test whether the anti-proliferative activity of (+)-PA is associated with effects on FASN and HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) and major signalling pathways. Synergism between (+)-PA and lapatinib, a HER2 active drug, was also evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pure compound was isolated by preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and purity of (+)-PA analyzed by analytical HPLC. Cell viability was assessed using Crystal violet staining. FASN and HER2 expression was estimated by immunofluorescence. The Meso Scale Discovery (MSD)(®) assay was used to measure activation of ERK1/2 and AKT. Synergism was estimated by the CalcuSyn software. RESULTS Treatment with (+)-PA increased FASN expression in SK-BR-3 cells, which overexpress FASN and HER2, implying a compensatory response to inhibition of FASN activity. HER2 expression was decreased suggesting secondary downregulation. ERK1/2 and AKT signalling pathways were inhibited, probably due to reduced levels of HER2. No effects were observed in T-47D cells. Synergism between (+)-PA and lapatinib was observed in the SK-BR-3 cells. CONCLUSION Results suggest that the primary effect of (+)-PA is inhibition of FASN activity. Synergistic effects with lapatinib were seen only in SK-BR-3 cells, and not T-47D cells, further supporting the notion that (+)-PA acts by inhibiting FASN with secondary effects on HER2 expression and signalling. (+)-PA could therefore be a suitable agent for further testing, alone or in combination treatment against HER2-overexpressing breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margrét Bessadóttir
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Sharon Gowan
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Suzanne Eccles
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK
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Fatty acid synthase expression is strongly related to menopause in early-stage breast cancer patients. Menopause 2014; 21:188-91. [PMID: 23982110 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0b013e31829d17dc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Overexpression of fatty acid synthase (FASN), the enzyme involved in the de novo synthesis of fatty acids, has been reported in several human carcinomas, including breast cancer, and has been related to poor prognosis. Our aim was to analyze the association of FASN tumor tissue expression with clinicopathological and anthropometrical features in early-stage breast cancer patients. METHODS We prospectively studied 53 women with early-stage breast cancer who were treated with surgical operation and postoperative chemotherapy. RESULTS Menopause status and age were strongly associated with higher levels of FASN tumor expression (P < 0.005 and P = 0.038, respectively). Body mass index and pathological stage were also related to FASN tumor expression. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that FASN could be a potential therapeutic target in postmenopausal breast cancer patients. However, further studies are needed.
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50
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Metformin-induced killing of triple-negative breast cancer cells is mediated by reduction in fatty acid synthase via miRNA-193b. Discov Oncol 2014; 5:374-89. [PMID: 25213330 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-014-0188-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The anti-diabetic drug metformin (1,1-dimethylbiguanide hydrochloride) reduces both the incidence and mortality of several types of cancer. Metformin has been shown to selectively kill cancer stem cells, and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines are more sensitive to the effects of metformin as compared to luminal breast cancer. However, the mechanism underlying the enhanced susceptibility of TNBC to metformin has not been elucidated. Expression profiling of metformin-treated TNBC lines revealed fatty acid synthase (FASN) as one of the genes most significantly downregulated following 24 h of treatment, and a decrease in FASN protein was also observed. Since FASN is critical for de novo fatty acid synthesis and is important for the survival of TNBC, we hypothesized that FASN downregulation facilitates metformin-induced apoptosis. Profiling studies also exposed a rapid metformin-induced increase in miR-193 family members, and miR-193b directly targets the FASN 3'UTR. Addition of exogenous miR-193b mimic to untreated TNBC cells decreased FASN protein expression and increased apoptosis of TNBC cells, while spontaneously immortalized, non-transformed breast epithelial cells remained unaffected. Conversely, antagonizing miR-193 activity impaired the ability of metformin to decrease FASN and cause cell death. Further, the metformin-stimulated increase in miR-193 resulted in reduced mammosphere formation by TNBC lines. These studies provide mechanistic insight into metformin-induced killing of TNBC.
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