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Box C, Pennington C, Hare S, Porter S, Edwards D, Eccles S, Crompton M, Harvey A. Brk/PTK6 and Involucrin Expression May Predict Breast Cancer Cell Responses to Vitamin D3. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10757. [PMID: 37445934 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The process of human embryonic mammary development gives rise to the structures in which mammary cells share a developmental lineage with skin epithelial cells such as keratinocytes. As some breast carcinomas have previously been shown to express high levels of involucrin, a marker of keratinocyte differentiation, we hypothesised that some breast tumours may de-differentiate to a keratinocyte-derived 'evolutionary history'. To confirm our hypothesis, we investigated the frequency of involucrin expression along with that of Brk, a tyrosine kinase expressed in up to 86% of breast carcinomas whose normal expression patterns are restricted to differentiating epithelial cells, most notably those in the skin (keratinocytes) and the gastrointestinal tract. We found that involucrin, a keratinocyte differentiation marker, was expressed in a high proportion (78%) of breast carcinoma samples and cell lines. Interestingly, tumour samples found to express high levels of involucrin were also shown to express Brk. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, a known differentiation agent and potential anti-cancer agent, decreased proliferation in the breast cancer cell lines that expressed both involucrin and Brk, whereas the Brk/involucrin negative cell lines tested were less susceptible. In addition, responses to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 were not correlated with vitamin D receptor expression. These data contribute to the growing body of evidence suggesting that cellular responses to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 are potentially independent of vitamin D receptor status and provide an insight into potential markers, such as Brk and/or involucrin that could predict therapeutic responses to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Box
- The Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, McElwain Laboratories, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Caroline Pennington
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Stephen Hare
- Centre for Genome Engineering and Maintenance, Institute for Health Medicine and Environment, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Sarah Porter
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Dylan Edwards
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Suzanne Eccles
- The Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, McElwain Laboratories, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Mark Crompton
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Amanda Harvey
- Centre for Genome Engineering and Maintenance, Institute for Health Medicine and Environment, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK
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2
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Boult J, Bjerke L, Fofana M, Vinci M, Molinari V, Mackay A, Temelso S, Box G, Eccles S, Carcaboso A, Castro M, Waanders A, Cole K, Jones C, Robinson S. IMG-12. CHARACTERISATION OF MODELS OF H3F3A_G34R/V MUTANT PAEDIATRIC GLIOBLASTOMA IN VIVO USING MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING. Neuro Oncol 2020. [PMCID: PMC7715122 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noaa222.347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Approximately 15% of paediatric/young adult cerebral hemispheric glioblastomas (pGBM) harbour G34R/V mutations in H3F3A, encoding the histone H3.3 variant. Development of novel therapeutic interventions demands models that accurately recapitulate this subset of disease and sensitive imaging methods with which to study tumours in situ. Three H3F3A_G34R primary-patient-derived cultures, alongside established cell-line KNS42 (H3F3A_G34V), were implanted orthotopically in immunocompromised mice. KNS42 (TP53_R342*) tumours were clearly detectable using T2-weighted (T2w)-MRI, enhanced following contrast agent administration, indicating impaired blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity, and demonstrated minimal invasion. OPBG_GBM_001 cells (TP53_89-90X,ATRX_II2133-2144X) formed infiltrative tumours that were hyperintense on T2w-MRI and demonstrated contrast-enhancement suggestive of heterogeneous BBB integrity. HSJD_GBM_002 cells (TP53_P278T,ATRX_R666*) spread diffusely throughout the brain with their full extent typically not discernible by T2w-MRI, the BBB also remaining intact. No evidence of CHOP_GBM_001 tumour was detected by MRI 11months post-implantation. Immunocompetent syngeneic models using tumour cells induced by mutations modelling hemispheric pGBM (NRAS/shP53/shATRX±H3.3G34R) are being explored. Fast growing heterogeneous lesions with variable contrast-enhancement were identified; the H3.3G34R mutation conferred longer median survival (2 clones:25/28days, control:14days). These models have the advantage of an intact immune system and short latency for initial efficacy studies. Primary pGBM cells yield tumours that are more representative of the spectrum of clinical disease; variable hyperintensity on T2w-MRI corresponding to cellular density, with diffusely infiltrative disease less clearly definable, a paucity of oedema and a range of contrast-enhancement. Pathological features including giant multinucleated cells, and mitotic figures were also evident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Boult
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lynn Bjerke
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mariama Fofana
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Vinci
- Bambino Gesù Ospedale Pediatrico - IRCSS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Alan Mackay
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Temelso
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gary Box
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Suzanne Eccles
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Maria Castro
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, USA
| | | | - Kristina Cole
- The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Chris Jones
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Robinson
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
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3
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Zhang C, Stockwell SR, Elbanna M, Ketteler R, Freeman J, Al-Lazikani B, Eccles S, De Haven Brandon A, Raynaud F, Hayes A, Clarke PA, Workman P, Mittnacht S. Correction: Signalling involving MET and FAK supports cell division independent of the activity of the cell cycle-regulating CDK4/6 kinases. Oncogene 2020; 39:3411-3412. [PMID: 32094403 PMCID: PMC7160058 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1221-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit at The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Simon R Stockwell
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - May Elbanna
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Robin Ketteler
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Jamie Freeman
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Bissan Al-Lazikani
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit at The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Suzanne Eccles
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit at The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Alexis De Haven Brandon
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit at The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Florence Raynaud
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit at The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Angela Hayes
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit at The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Paul A Clarke
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit at The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Paul Workman
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit at The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK.
| | - Sibylle Mittnacht
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6DD, UK.
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Zhang C, Stockwell SR, Elbanna M, Ketteler R, Freeman J, Al-Lazikani B, Eccles S, De Haven Brandon A, Raynaud F, Hayes A, Clarke PA, Workman P, Mittnacht S. Signalling involving MET and FAK supports cell division independent of the activity of the cell cycle-regulating CDK4/6 kinases. Oncogene 2019; 38:5905-5920. [PMID: 31296956 PMCID: PMC6756076 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0850-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Deregulation of cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) is highly prevalent in cancer; yet, inhibitors against these kinases are currently used only in restricted tumour contexts. The extent to which cancers depend on CDK4/6 and the mechanisms that may undermine such dependency are poorly understood. Here, we report that signalling engaging the MET proto-oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase/focal adhesion kinase (FAK) axis leads to CDK4/6-independent CDK2 activation, involving as critical mechanistic events loss of the CDKI p21CIP1 and gain of its regulator, the ubiquitin ligase subunit SKP2. Combined inhibition of MET/FAK and CDK4/6 eliminates the proliferation capacity of cancer cells in culture, and enhances tumour growth inhibition in vivo. Activation of the MET/FAK axis is known to arise through cancer extrinsic and intrinsic cues. Our work predicts that such cues support cell division independent of the activity of the cell cycle-regulating CDK4/6 kinases and identifies MET/FAK as a tractable route to broaden the utility of CDK4/6 inhibitor-based therapies in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit at The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Simon R Stockwell
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - May Elbanna
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Robin Ketteler
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Jamie Freeman
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Bissan Al-Lazikani
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit at The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Suzanne Eccles
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit at The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Alexis De Haven Brandon
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit at The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Florence Raynaud
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit at The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Angela Hayes
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit at The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Paul A Clarke
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit at The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Paul Workman
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit at The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK.
| | - Sibylle Mittnacht
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6DD, UK.
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Lampis A, Carotenuto P, Vlachogiannis G, Cascione L, Hedayat S, Burke R, Clarke P, Bosma E, Simbolo M, Scarpa A, Yu S, Cole R, Smyth E, Mateos JF, Begum R, Hezelova B, Eltahir Z, Wotherspoon A, Fotiadis N, Bali MA, Nepal C, Khan K, Stubbs M, Hahne JC, Gasparini P, Guzzardo V, Croce CM, Eccles S, Fassan M, Cunningham D, Andersen JB, Workman P, Valeri N, Braconi C. MIR21 Drives Resistance to Heat Shock Protein 90 Inhibition in Cholangiocarcinoma. Gastroenterology 2018; 154:1066-1079.e5. [PMID: 29113809 PMCID: PMC5863695 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Cholangiocarcinomas (CCA) are resistant to chemotherapy, so new therapeutic agents are needed. We performed a screen to identify small-molecule compounds that are active against CCAs. Levels of microRNA 21 (MIR21 or miRNA21) are increased in CCAs. We investigated whether miRNA21 mediates resistance of CCA cells and organoids to HSP90 inhibitors. METHODS We performed a high-throughput screen of 484 small-molecule compounds to identify those that reduced viability of 6 human CCA cell lines. We tested the effects of HSP90 inhibitors on cells with disruption of the MIR21 gene, cells incubated with MIR21 inhibitors, and stable cell lines with inducible expression of MIR21. We obtained CCA biopsies from patients, cultured them as organoids (patient-derived organoids). We assessed their architecture, mutation and gene expression patterns, response to compounds in culture, and when grown as subcutaneous xenograft tumors in mice. RESULTS Cells with IDH1 and PBRM1 mutations had the highest level of sensitivity to histone deacetylase inhibitors. HSP90 inhibitors were effective in all cell lines, irrespective of mutations. Sensitivity of cells to HSP90 inhibitors correlated inversely with baseline level of MIR21. Disruption of MIR21 increased cell sensitivity to HSP90 inhibitors. CCA cells that expressed transgenic MIR21 were more resistant to HSP90 inhibitors than cells transfected with control vectors; inactivation of MIR21 in these cells restored sensitivity to these agents. MIR21 was shown to target the DnaJ heat shock protein family (Hsp40) member B5 (DNAJB5). Transgenic expression of DNAJB5 in CCA cells that overexpressed MIR21 re-sensitized them to HSP90 inhibitors. Sensitivity of patient-derived organoids to HSP90 inhibitors, in culture and when grown as xenograft tumors in mice, depended on expression of miRNA21. CONCLUSIONS miRNA21 appears to mediate resistance of CCA cells to HSP90 inhibitors by reducing levels of DNAJB5. HSP90 inhibitors might be developed for the treatment of CCA and miRNA21 might be a marker of sensitivity to these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Luciano Cascione
- Bioinformatics Core Unit, Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Paul Clarke
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Else Bosma
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Michele Simbolo
- ARC-Net Research Centre and Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Aldo Scarpa
- ARC-Net Research Centre and Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Sijia Yu
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Chirag Nepal
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Khurum Khan
- The Royal Marsden NHS Trust, London and Surrey, UK
| | - Mark Stubbs
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Matteo Fassan
- ARC-Net Research Centre and Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Jesper B Andersen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Nicola Valeri
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; The Royal Marsden NHS Trust, London and Surrey, UK
| | - Chiara Braconi
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; The Royal Marsden NHS Trust, London and Surrey, UK.
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6
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Vlachogiannis G, Hedayat S, Vatsiou A, Jamin Y, Fernández-Mateos J, Khan K, Lampis A, Eason K, Huntingford I, Burke R, Rata M, Koh DM, Tunariu N, Collins D, Hulkki-Wilson S, Ragulan C, Spiteri I, Moorcraft SY, Chau I, Rao S, Watkins D, Fotiadis N, Bali M, Darvish-Damavandi M, Lote H, Eltahir Z, Smyth EC, Begum R, Clarke PA, Hahne JC, Dowsett M, de Bono J, Workman P, Sadanandam A, Fassan M, Sansom OJ, Eccles S, Starling N, Braconi C, Sottoriva A, Robinson SP, Cunningham D, Valeri N. Patient-derived organoids model treatment response of metastatic gastrointestinal cancers. Science 2018; 359:920-926. [PMID: 29472484 PMCID: PMC6112415 DOI: 10.1126/science.aao2774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1041] [Impact Index Per Article: 173.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Patient-derived organoids (PDOs) have recently emerged as robust preclinical models; however, their potential to predict clinical outcomes in patients has remained unclear. We report on a living biobank of PDOs from metastatic, heavily pretreated colorectal and gastroesophageal cancer patients recruited in phase 1/2 clinical trials. Phenotypic and genotypic profiling of PDOs showed a high degree of similarity to the original patient tumors. Molecular profiling of tumor organoids was matched to drug-screening results, suggesting that PDOs could complement existing approaches in defining cancer vulnerabilities and improving treatment responses. We compared responses to anticancer agents ex vivo in organoids and PDO-based orthotopic mouse tumor xenograft models with the responses of the patients in clinical trials. Our data suggest that PDOs can recapitulate patient responses in the clinic and could be implemented in personalized medicine programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Somaieh Hedayat
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Alexandra Vatsiou
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Yann Jamin
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Imaging Centre, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - Javier Fernández-Mateos
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Khurum Khan
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Marsden NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Andrea Lampis
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Katherine Eason
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Ian Huntingford
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Rosemary Burke
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Mihaela Rata
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Imaging Centre, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - Dow-Mu Koh
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Imaging Centre, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
- Department of Radiology, The Royal Marsden NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Nina Tunariu
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Imaging Centre, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
- Department of Radiology, The Royal Marsden NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - David Collins
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Imaging Centre, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - Sanna Hulkki-Wilson
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Chanthirika Ragulan
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Inmaculada Spiteri
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | - Ian Chau
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Marsden NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Sheela Rao
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Marsden NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - David Watkins
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Marsden NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Nicos Fotiadis
- Department of Radiology, The Royal Marsden NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Maria Bali
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Imaging Centre, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
- Department of Radiology, The Royal Marsden NHS Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Hazel Lote
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Marsden NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Zakaria Eltahir
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | - Ruwaida Begum
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Marsden NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Paul A Clarke
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Jens C Hahne
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Mitchell Dowsett
- Ralph Lauren Centre for Breast Cancer Research, Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Johann de Bono
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Paul Workman
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Anguraj Sadanandam
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Matteo Fassan
- Department of Medicine, Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Suzanne Eccles
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | - Chiara Braconi
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Marsden NHS Trust, London, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Andrea Sottoriva
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Simon P Robinson
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Imaging Centre, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Nicola Valeri
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Marsden NHS Trust, London, UK
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7
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Shah A, Bush N, Box G, Eccles S, Bamber J. Value of combining dynamic contrast enhanced ultrasound and optoacoustic tomography for hypoxia imaging. Photoacoustics 2017; 8:15-27. [PMID: 28932684 PMCID: PMC5596361 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Optoacoustic imaging (OAI) can detect haemoglobin and assess its oxygenation. However, the lack of a haemoglobin signal need not indicate a lack of perfusion. This study uses a novel method to assist the co-registration of optoacoustic images with dynamic contrast enhanced ultrasound (DCE-US) images to demonstrate, in preclinical tumour models, the value of combining haemoglobin imaging with a perfusion imaging method, showing that a lack of a haemoglobin signal does not necessarily indicate an absence of perfusion. DCE-US was chosen for this particular experiment because US is extremely sensitive to microbubble contrast agents and because microbubbles, like red blood cells but unlike currently available optical contrast agents, do not extravasate. Significant spatial correlations were revealed between the DCE-US properties and tumour blood-oxygen saturation and haemoglobin, as estimated using OAI. It is speculated that DCE-US properties could be applied as surrogate biomarkers for hypoxia when planning clinical radiotherapy or chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anant Shah
- The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Joint Department of Physics and CRUK Cancer Imaging Centre in the Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging – Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel Bush
- The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Joint Department of Physics and CRUK Cancer Imaging Centre in the Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging – Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Gary Box
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Division of Cancer Therapeutics – Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Suzanne Eccles
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Division of Cancer Therapeutics – Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Jeffrey Bamber
- The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Joint Department of Physics and CRUK Cancer Imaging Centre in the Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging – Sutton, United Kingdom
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8
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Hedayat S, Vlachogiannis G, Jamin Y, Khan K, Fernandez-mateos J, Hahne JC, Rata M, Koh DK, Tunariu N, Collins D, Bali M, Chau I, Rao S, Watkins D, Sterling N, Fotoadis N, Huntingford I, Gegum R, Rana I, Rugge M, Braconi C, Fassan M, Eccles S, Robinson SP, Cunningham D, Valeri N. Metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patient derived organoids (PDOs) as a preclinical tool to understand mechanisms of resistance to anti-angiogenic drugs. Eur J Surg Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2017.10.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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9
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Clarke PA, Ortiz-Ruiz MJ, Poele RT, Adeniji-Popoola O, Box G, Esdar C, Ewan K, Gowan S, Brandon ADH, Hewitt P, Kaufmann W, Mallinger A, Raynaud F, Rohdich F, Schiemann K, Simon S, Schneider R, Valenti M, Blagg J, Dale T, Eccles S, Workman P, Wienke DWD. Abstract 129: Assessing the mechanism and therapeutic potential of modulators of the human mediator complex-associated protein kinases CDK8 and CDK19. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2017-129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Mediator-associated protein kinases CDK8 and CDK19 are context-dependent drivers or suppressors of tumorigenesis. Their inhibition is predicted to have pleiotropic effects, but it is unclear whether this will impact on the clinical utility of CDK8/19 inhibitors. We identified two structurally differentiated chemical series, suitable for exploring their function. In addition to tools that fulfil the criteria set out for chemical probes, the lead compounds from each series, CCT251921 and MSC2530818, had optimal pharmacological and pharmaceutical properties making them suitable for preclinical studies. Having potent, highly selective, orally bioavailable exemplar compounds from these series in hand, we were well positioned to investigate the therapeutic potential of dual CDK8/19 inhibition. The compounds exhibited modest anti-tumor activity in colorectal cancer cell line xenograft models with modulation of p-STAT1SER727, a target engagement biomarker, and altered gene expression profiles, including super-enhancer regulated gene expression, consistent with the inhibition of CDK8/19. In PDX-derived cell cultures we observed inhibition of soft-agar growth in cells derived from different tumor types. However, we only detected significant antitumour activity in 1 of 6 colorectal PDX models tested in vivo, and one example of sensitization to standard of care chemotherapy, despite showing inhibition of p-STAT1SER727. Acute myeloid leukemia cells were the most sensitive cancer type in the PDX panel with therapeutic potency seen in systemic and sub-cutaneous models. Significantly, the compounds impacted on stem cell biology. In a bone progenitor model we saw dose-responsive activation and inhibition of markers of bone matrix and bone deposition that was distinct from WNT blockade. Treatment of a diverse collection of normal cell co-culture models detected a unique response profile consistent with stimulation of an immune/inflammatory response. In vivo treatment of a genetically engineered mouse model expressing oncogenic beta-catenin shifted cells within hyperplastic intestinal crypts from a stem cell to a transit amplifying phenotype. Finally, in pre-clinical tolerability studies we observed a similar, widespread adverse safety profile at therapeutically relevant exposures for both CCT251921 and MSC2530818. At the concentrations tested we detected >80% inhibition of p-STAT1SER727 and increased IL-12 plasma levels. Since the observed pathological effects were generated with two potent, highly selective, but structurally distinct compounds, we conclude that the adverse consequences of treatment are the direct result of inhibition of CDK8 and/or CDK19. The serious and complex nature of the toxicity observed indicates that the clinical development of either series of CDK8/19 modulators, or other chemotypes with similar profiles, will be extremely challenging.
Citation Format: Paul A. Clarke, Maria-Jesus Ortiz-Ruiz, Robert Te Poele, Olajumoke Adeniji-Popoola, Gary Box, Christina Esdar, Kenneth Ewan, Sharon Gowan, Alexis De Haven Brandon, Phllip Hewitt, Wolfgang Kaufmann, Aurelie Mallinger, Florence Raynaud, Felix Rohdich, Kai Schiemann, Stephanie Simon, Richard Schneider, Melanie Valenti, Julian Blagg, Trevor Dale, Suzanne Eccles, Paul Workman, Dirk Wienke Dirk Wienke. Assessing the mechanism and therapeutic potential of modulators of the human mediator complex-associated protein kinases CDK8 and CDK19 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 129. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-129
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Gary Box
- 1Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Sharon Gowan
- 1Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Julian Blagg
- 1Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Trevor Dale
- 3Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | | | - Paul Workman
- 1Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
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Rossanese O, Eccles S, Springer C, Swain A, Raynaud FI, Workman P, Kirkin V. The pharmacological audit trail (PhAT): Use of tumor models to address critical issues in the preclinical development of targeted anticancer drugs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ddmod.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Marshall RC, Abela C, Eccles S. Painful exostosis of the external occipital protuberance. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2015; 68:e174-6. [PMID: 26261091 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2015.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R C Marshall
- Department of Craniofacial Surgery, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, 369 Fulham Road, London SW10 9NH, UK.
| | - C Abela
- Department of Craniofacial Surgery, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, 369 Fulham Road, London SW10 9NH, UK
| | - S Eccles
- Department of Craniofacial Surgery, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, 369 Fulham Road, London SW10 9NH, UK
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Eccles S, Crispin P, Vanniasinkam T. Risk factors for alloimmunisation in the general patient population. Transfus Apher Sci 2015; 52:60-4. [PMID: 25661276 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2014.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
For hospitals providing services to regional populations, difficulties are associated with transferred patients with poorly communicated medical history and a risk of alloimmunisation. Identification of patients at risk would assist in treatment planning. A retrospective study of alloimmunised patients was undertaken, comparing the demographics and diagnoses of this population with a control patient population. A preponderance of diagnoses of Sepsis, Haematological Malignancy, GIT Bleeds and Renal Failure was demonstrated in the alloimmunised population. Consistent with prior studies, RhD negative patients and female patients were over-represented in the study group, which was also on average significantly older.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Eccles
- ACT Pathology, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, Australia; Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, Australia.
| | - P Crispin
- ACT Pathology, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, Australia; Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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Bessadóttir M, Skúladóttir EÁ, Gowan S, Eccles S, Ögmundsdóttir S, Ogmundsdóttir HM. Effects of anti-proliferative lichen metabolite, protolichesterinic acid on fatty acid synthase, cell signalling and drug response in breast cancer cells. Phytomedicine 2014; 21:1717-1724. [PMID: 25442282 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2014.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lichen compound (+)-protolichesterinic acid (+)-PA, isolated from Iceland moss, has anti-proliferative effects on several cancer cell lines. The chemical structure of (+)-PA is similar to a known fatty acid synthase (FASN) inhibitor C75. AIMS To test whether the anti-proliferative activity of (+)-PA is associated with effects on FASN and HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) and major signalling pathways. Synergism between (+)-PA and lapatinib, a HER2 active drug, was also evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pure compound was isolated by preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and purity of (+)-PA analyzed by analytical HPLC. Cell viability was assessed using Crystal violet staining. FASN and HER2 expression was estimated by immunofluorescence. The Meso Scale Discovery (MSD)(®) assay was used to measure activation of ERK1/2 and AKT. Synergism was estimated by the CalcuSyn software. RESULTS Treatment with (+)-PA increased FASN expression in SK-BR-3 cells, which overexpress FASN and HER2, implying a compensatory response to inhibition of FASN activity. HER2 expression was decreased suggesting secondary downregulation. ERK1/2 and AKT signalling pathways were inhibited, probably due to reduced levels of HER2. No effects were observed in T-47D cells. Synergism between (+)-PA and lapatinib was observed in the SK-BR-3 cells. CONCLUSION Results suggest that the primary effect of (+)-PA is inhibition of FASN activity. Synergistic effects with lapatinib were seen only in SK-BR-3 cells, and not T-47D cells, further supporting the notion that (+)-PA acts by inhibiting FASN with secondary effects on HER2 expression and signalling. (+)-PA could therefore be a suitable agent for further testing, alone or in combination treatment against HER2-overexpressing breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margrét Bessadóttir
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Sharon Gowan
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Suzanne Eccles
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK
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Bessadottir M, Eiriksson F, Gowan S, Eccles S, Omarsdottir S, Thorsteinsdottir M, Ogmundsdottir H. 355: Effects of anti-proliferative lichen metabolite, protolichesterinic acid on fatty acid synthase and lipid composition in breast cancer cells. Eur J Cancer 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(14)50316-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Saturno G, Valenti M, De Haven Brandon A, Thomas GV, Eccles S, Clarke PA, Workman P. Combining trail with PI3 kinase or HSP90 inhibitors enhances apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells via suppression of survival signaling. Oncotarget 2014; 4:1185-98. [PMID: 23852390 PMCID: PMC3787150 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
TRAIL has been shown to induce apoptosis in cancer cells, but in some cases they fail to respond to this ligand. We explored the ability of representative phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3 Kinase)/mTOR and HSP90 inhibitors to overcome TRAIL resistance by increasing apoptosis in colorectal cancer models. We determined the sensitivity of 27 human colorectal cancer and 2 non-transformed colon epithelial cell lines to TRAIL treatment. A subset of the cancer cell lines with a range of responses to TRAIL was selected from the panel for treatment with TRAIL combined with the PI3 Kinase/mTOR inhibitor PI-103 or the HSP90 inhibitor 17-AAG (tanespimycin). Two TRAIL-resistant cell lines were selected for in vivo combination studies with TRAIL and 17-AAG. We found that 13 colorectal cancer cell lines and the 2 non-transformed colon epithelial cell lines were resistant to TRAIL. We demonstrated that co-treatment of TRAIL and PI-103 or 17-AAG was synergistic or additive and significantly enhanced apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells. This was associated with decreased expression or activity of survival protein biomarkers such as ERBB2, AKT, IKKα and XIAP. In contrast, the effect of the combination treatments in non-transformed colon cells was minimal. We show here for the first time that co-treatment in vivo with TRAIL and 17-AAG in two TRAIL-resistant human colorectal cancer xenograft models resulted in significantly greater tumor growth inhibition compared to single treatments. We propose that combining TRAIL with PI3 Kinase/mTOR or HSP90 inhibitors has therapeutic potential in the treatment of TRAIL-resistant colorectal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Saturno
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
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Classen CF, William D, Linnebacher M, Farhod A, Kedr W, Elsabe B, Fadel S, Van Gool S, De Vleeschouwer S, Koks C, Garg A, Ehrhardt M, Riva M, De Vleeschouwer S, Agostinis P, Graf N, Van Gool S, Yao TW, Yoshida Y, Zhang J, Ozawa T, James D, Nicolaides T, Kebudi R, Cakir FB, Gorgun O, Agaoglu FY, Darendeliler E, Van Gool S, De Vleeschouwer S, Al-Kofide A, Al-Shail E, Khafaga Y, Al-Hindi H, Dababo M, Haq AU, Anas M, Barria MG, Siddiqui K, Hassounah M, Ayas M, van Zanten SV, Jansen M, van Vuurden D, Huisman M, Vugts D, Hoekstra O, van Dongen G, Kaspers G, Cockle J, Ilett E, Scott K, Bruning-Richardson A, Picton S, Short S, Melcher A, Benesch M, Warmuth-Metz M, von Bueren AO, Hoffmann M, Pietsch T, Kortmann RD, Eyrich M, Graf N, Rutkowski S, Fruhwald MC, Faber J, Kramm C, Porkholm M, Valanne L, Lonnqvist T, Holm S, Lannering B, Riikonen P, Wojcik D, Sehested A, Clausen N, Harila-Saari A, Schomerus E, Thorarinsdottir HK, Lahteenmaki P, Arola M, Thomassen H, Saarinen-Pihkala UM, Kivivuori SM, Buczkowicz P, Hoeman C, Rakopoulos P, Pajovic S, Morrison A, Bouffet E, Bartels U, Becher O, Hawkins C, Gould TWA, Rahman CV, Smith SJ, Barrett DA, Shakesheff KM, Grundy RG, Rahman R, Barua N, Cronin D, Gill S, Lowisl S, Hochart A, Maurage CA, Rocourt N, Vinchon M, Kerdraon O, Escande F, Grill J, Pick VK, Leblond P, Burzynski G, Janicki T, Burzynski S, Marszalek A, Ramani N, Zaky W, Kannan G, Morani A, Sandberg D, Ketonen L, Maher O, Corrales-Medina F, Meador H, Khatua S, Brassesco M, Delsin L, Roberto G, Silva C, Ana L, Rego E, Scrideli C, Umezawa K, Tone L, Kim SJ, Kim CY, Kim IA, Han JH, Choi BS, Ahn HS, Choi HS, Haque F, Rahman R, Layfield R, Grundy R, Gandola L, Pecori E, Biassoni V, Schiavello E, Chiruzzi C, Spreafico F, Modena P, Bach F, Pignoli E, Massimino M, Drogosiewicz M, Dembowska-Baginska B, Jurkiewicz E, Filipek I, Perek-Polnik M, Swieszkowska E, Perek D, Bender S, Jones DT, Warnatz HJ, Hutter B, Zichner T, Gronych J, Korshunov A, Eils R, Korbel JO, Yaspo ML, Lichter P, Pfister SM, Yadavilli S, Becher OJ, Kambhampati M, Packer RJ, Nazarian J, Lechon FC, Fowkes L, Khabra K, Martin-Retortillo LM, Marshall LV, Vaidya S, Koh DM, Leach MO, Pearson AD, Zacharoulis S, Lechon FC, Fowkes L, Khabra K, Martin-Retortillo LM, Marshall LV, Schrey D, Barone G, Vaidya S, Koh DM, Pearson AD, Zacharoulis S, Panditharatna E, Stampar M, Siu A, Gordish-Dressman H, Devaney J, Kambhampati M, Hwang EI, Packer RJ, Nazarian J, Chung AH, Mittapalli RK, Elmquist WF, Becher OJ, Castel D, Debily MA, Philippe C, Truffaux N, Taylor K, Calmon R, Boddaert N, Le Dret L, Saulnier P, Lacroix L, Mackay A, Jones C, Puget S, Sainte-Rose C, Blauwblomme T, Varlet P, Grill J, Entz-Werle N, Maugard C, Bougeard G, Nguyen A, Chenard MP, Schneider A, Gaub MP, Tsoli M, Vanniasinghe A, Luk P, Dilda P, Haber M, Hogg P, Ziegler D, Simon S, Tsoli M, Vanniasinghe A, Monje M, Gurova K, Gudkov A, Haber M, Ziegler D, Zapotocky M, Churackova M, Malinova B, Zamecnik J, Kyncl M, Tichy M, Puchmajerova A, Stary J, Sumerauer D, Boult J, Vinci M, Taylor K, Perryman L, Box G, Jury A, Popov S, Ingram W, Monje M, Eccles S, Jones C, Robinson S, Emir S, Demir HA, Bayram C, Cetindag F, Kabacam GB, Fettah A, Boult J, Li J, Vinci M, Jury A, Popov S, Jamin Y, Cummings C, Eccles S, Bamber J, Sinkus R, Jones C, Robinson S, Nandhabalan M, Bjerke L, Vinci M, Burford A, Ingram W, Mackay A, von Bueren A, Baudis M, Clarke P, Collins I, Workman P, Jones C, Taylor K, Mackay A, Vinci M, Popov S, Ingram W, Entz-Werle N, Monje M, Olaciregui N, Mora J, Carcaboso A, Bullock A, Jones C, Vinci M, Mackay A, Burford A, Taylor K, Popov S, Ingram W, Monje M, Alonso M, Olaciregui N, de Torres C, Cruz O, Mora J, Carcaboso A, Jones C, Filipek I, Drogosiewicz M, Perek-Polnik M, Swieszkowska E, Dembowska-Baginska B, Jurkiewicz E, Perek D, Nguyen A, Pencreach E, Mackay A, Moussalieh FM, Guenot D, Namer I, Chenard MP, Jones C, Entz-Werle N, Pollack I, Jakacki R, Butterfield L, Hamilton R, Panigrahy A, Potter D, Connelly A, Dibridge S, Whiteside T, Okada H, Ahsan S, Raabe E, Haffner M, Warren K, Quezado M, Ballester L, Nazarian J, Eberhart C, Rodriguez F, Ramachandran C, Nair S, Quirrin KW, Khatib Z, Escalon E, Melnick S, Classen CF, Hofmann M, Schmid I, Simon T, Maass E, Russo A, Fleischhack G, Becker M, Hauch H, Sander A, Kramm C, Grasso C, Truffaux N, Berlow N, Liu L, Debily MA, Davis L, Huang E, Woo P, Tang Y, Ponnuswami A, Chen S, Huang Y, Hutt-Cabezas M, Warren K, Dret L, Meltzer P, Mao H, Quezado M, van Vuurden D, Abraham J, Fouladi M, Svalina MN, Wang N, Hawkins C, Raabe E, Hulleman E, Li XN, Keller C, Spellman PT, Pal R, Grill J, Monje M, Jansen MHA, Sewing ACP, Lagerweij T, Vuchts DJ, van Vuurden DG, Caretti V, Wesseling P, Kaspers GJL, Hulleman E, Cohen K, Raabe E, Pearl M, Kogiso M, Zhang L, Qi L, Lindsay H, Lin F, Berg S, Li XN, Muscal J, Amayiri N, Tabori U, Campbel B, Bakry D, Aronson M, Durno C, Gallinger S, Malkin D, Qaddumi I, Musharbash A, Swaidan M, Bouffet E, Hawkins C, Al-Hussaini M, Rakopoulos P, Shandilya S, McCully C, Murphy R, Akshintala S, Cole D, Macallister RP, Cruz R, Widemann B, Warren K, Salloum R, Smith A, Glaunert M, Ramkissoon A, Peterson S, Baker S, Chow L, Sandgren J, Pfeifer S, Popova S, Alafuzoff I, de Stahl TD, Pietschmann S, Kerber MJ, Zwiener I, Henke G, Kortmann RD, Muller K, von Bueren A, Sieow NYF, Hoe RHM, Tan AM, Chan MY, Soh SY, Hawkins C, Burrell K, Chornenkyy Y, Remke M, Golbourn B, Buczkowicz P, Barzczyk M, Taylor M, Rutka J, Dirks P, Zadeh G, Agnihotri S, Hashizume R, Ihara Y, Andor N, Chen X, Lerner R, Huang X, Tom M, Solomon D, Mueller S, Petritsch C, Zhang Z, Gupta N, Waldman T, James D, Dujua A, Co J, Hernandez F, Doromal D, Hegde M, Wakefield A, Brawley V, Grada Z, Byrd T, Chow K, Krebs S, Heslop H, Gottschalk S, Yvon E, Ahmed N, Truffaux N, Philippe C, Cornilleau G, Paulsson J, Andreiuolo F, Guerrini-Rousseau L, Puget S, Geoerger B, Vassal G, Ostman A, Grill J, Parsons DW, Lin F, Trevino LR, Gao F, Shen X, Hampton O, Lindsay H, Kosigo M, Qi L, Baxter PA, Su JM, Chintagumpala M, Dauser R, Adesina A, Plon SE, Li XN, Wheeler DA, Lau CC, Pietsch T, Gielen G, Muehlen AZ, Kwiecien R, Wolff J, Kramm C, Lulla RR, Laskowski J, Goldman S, Gopalakrishnan V, Fangusaro J, Mackay A, Taylor K, Vinci M, Jones C, Kieran M, Fontebasso A, Papillon-Cavanagh S, Schwartzentruber J, Nikbakht H, Gerges N, Fiset PO, Bechet D, Faury D, De Jay N, Ramkissoon L, Corcoran A, Jones D, Sturm D, Johann P, Tomita T, Goldman S, Nagib M, Bendel A, Goumnerova L, Bowers DC, Leonard JR, Rubin JB, Alden T, DiPatri A, Browd S, Leary S, Jallo G, Cohen K, Prados MD, Banerjee A, Carret AS, Ellezam B, Crevier L, Klekner A, Bognar L, Hauser P, Garami M, Myseros J, Dong Z, Siegel PM, Gump W, Ayyanar K, Ragheb J, Khatib Z, Krieger M, Kiehna E, Robison N, Harter D, Gardner S, Handler M, Foreman N, Brahma B, MacDonald T, Malkin H, Chi S, Manley P, Bandopadhayay P, Greenspan L, Ligon A, Albrecht S, Pfister SM, Ligon KL, Majewski J, Gupta N, Jabado N, Hoeman C, Cordero F, Halvorson K, Hawkins C, Becher O, Taylor I, Hutt M, Weingart M, Price A, Nazarian J, Eberhart C, Raabe E, Kantar M, Onen S, Kamer S, Turhan T, Kitis O, Ertan Y, Cetingul N, Anacak Y, Akalin T, Ersahin Y, Mason G, Nazarian J, Ho C, Devaney J, Stampar M, Kambhampati M, Crozier F, Vezina G, Packer R, Hwang E, Gilheeney S, Millard N, DeBraganca K, Khakoo Y, Kramer K, Wolden S, Donzelli M, Fischer C, Petriccione M, Dunkel I, Afzal S, Carret AS, Fleming A, Larouche V, Zelcer S, Johnston DL, Kostova M, Mpofu C, Decarie JC, Strother D, Lafay-Cousin L, Eisenstat D, Fryer C, Hukin J, Bartels U, Bouffet E, Hsu M, Lasky J, Moore T, Liau L, Davidson T, Prins R, Fouladi M, Bartels U, Warren K, Hassal T, Baugh J, Kirkendall J, Doughman R, Leach J, Jones B, Miles L, Hawkins C, Bouffet E, Hargrave D, Grill J, Jones C, Jacques T, Savage S, Goldman S, Leary S, Packer R, Saunders D, Wesseling P, Varlet P, van Vuurden D, Wallace R, Flutter B, Morgenestern D, Hargrave D, Blanco E, Howe K, Lowdell M, Samuel E, Michalski A, Anderson J, Arakawa Y, Umeda K, Watanabe KI, Mizowaki T, Hiraoka M, Hiramatsu H, Adachi S, Kunieda T, Takagi Y, Miyamoto S, Venneti S, Santi M, Felicella MM, Sullivan LM, Dolgalev I, Martinez D, Perry A, Lewis PW, Allis DC, Thompson CB, Judkins AR. HIGH GRADE GLIOMAS AND DIPG. Neuro Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Modjtahedi H, Eccles S. GA201: a novel humanized and glycoengineered anti-EGFR antibody--letter. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20:1053-4. [PMID: 24536074 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-2124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helmout Modjtahedi
- Authors' Affiliations: Cancer Theme, School of Life Science, Kingston University London, Kingston; and Tumour Biology and Metastasis, Cancer Research UK Centre for Cancer Therapeutics McElwain Laboratories, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom
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Faisal A, Innocenti P, Westwood I, Naud S, Schmitt J, Hayes A, Mak G, Gurden M, Bavetsias V, Cheung J, Woodward H, Sheldrake P, Atrash B, Burke R, Baker R, McAndrew C, Rowlands M, Valenti M, Workman P, Eccles S, Raynaud F, vanMontfort R, Hoelder S, Blagg J, Linardopoulos S. Abstract 3242: CCT271850, a novel, selective, highly potent and orally bioavailable Mps1 kinase inhibitor. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2013-3242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The main role of the cell cycle is to enable error-free DNA replication, chromosome segregation and cytokinesis. Surveillance mechanisms, the so-called checkpoint pathways, monitor passage through mitosis at several stages. One of the best characterised is the spindle assembly checkpoint that prevents anaphase onset until the appropriate tension and attachment across kinetochores is achieved. One of the first components of the spindle assembly checkpoint signal, identified by a genetic screen in budding yeast, was MPS1 (monopolar spindle 1; also known as TTK). MPS1 gene was shown to encode an essential dual-specificity kinase conserved from yeast to humans. MPS1 activity peaks at the G2/M transition and is enhanced upon activation of the spindle assembly checkpoint with nocodazole. We and others, have identified the autophosphorylation of T676 in the activation loop of MPS1 and shown that this is essential for MPS1 function. MPS1 has been found aberrantly overexpressed in a wide range of human tumours including breast, lung, oesophagus, and prostate.
MPS1 is required for the establishment and maintenance of the spindle assembly checkpoint during mitosis. Aneuploid tumour cells possess a compromised spindle checkpoint to allow onset of anaphase and cell division. We have shown that depletion of MPS1 by siRNA induces cell death selectively in PTEN-deficient breast cancer cell lines. We have developed biochemical and cellular assays for MPS1 activity and a high throughput screening of our compound library delivered multiple hit series. We have previously reported the discovery of CCT251455 as a selective and orally bioavailable MPS1 inhibitor that inhibits the growth of a panel of human tumour cell lines, abrogates nocodazole-induced mitotic arrest and reduces the time spent in mitosis. Medicinal chemistry in combination with X-ray crystallography led to the discovery of CCT271850, a novel inhibitor of MPS1 kinase activity. CCT271850 selectively inhibits MPS1 kinase activity with an IC50 of 0.004 μM, inhibits autophosphorylation of MPS1 in cells with an IC50 of 0.07 μM and reduces the growth of a panel of human tumour cell lines, particularly PTEN-deficient cell lines. Tumour cells treated with CCT271850 contain aberrant numbers of chromosomes and the majority of cells divide their chromosomes without proper alignment. CCT271850 is orally bioavailable (F = 68%) and shows modulation of biomarkers in vivo.
Citation Format: Amir Faisal, Paolo Innocenti, Isaac Westwood, Sebastan Naud, Jessica Schmitt, Angela Hayes, Grace Mak, Mark Gurden, Vassilios Bavetsias, Jack Cheung, Hannah Woodward, Peter Sheldrake, Butrus Atrash, Rosemary Burke, Ross Baker, Craig McAndrew, Martin Rowlands, Melanie Valenti, Paul Workman, Suzanne Eccles, Florence Raynaud, Rob vanMontfort, Swen Hoelder, Julian Blagg, Spiros Linardopoulos. CCT271850, a novel, selective, highly potent and orally bioavailable Mps1 kinase inhibitor. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3242. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3242
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Faisal
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Sebastan Naud
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Angela Hayes
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Grace Mak
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Gurden
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jack Cheung
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Butrus Atrash
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ross Baker
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Paul Workman
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Swen Hoelder
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Julian Blagg
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
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Box C, Zimmermann M, Eccles S. Molecular markers of response and resistance to EGFR inhibitors in head and neck cancers. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) 2013; 18:520-42. [PMID: 23276940 DOI: 10.2741/4118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) are key targets for novel cancer therapeutics since they activate multiple oncogenic signalling pathways. Also, they are inherently 'druggable' due to their small ATP-dependent kinase domains (inhibitable by small molecules) and cell surface location which renders them accessible to monoclonal antibody-based therapies. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is overexpressed in the majority of SCCHN cases and this review focuses primarily on the progress made in targeting the EGFR for the therapy of SCCHN by both small molecules and antibody-based therapies. We then discuss the overlapping and distinct molecular markers of response, innate or acquired resistance to each modality, and how these may be overcome. We also consider other RTKs overexpressed in this disease that may impact on responses and/or provide additional targets for combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Box
- Tumour Biology and Metastasis Team, CR-UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, McElwain Laboratories, The Institute of Cancer Research, Cotswold Road, Belmont, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, UK
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Leonard A, Wolff J, Sengupta R, Marassa J, Piwnica-Worms D, Rubin J, Pollack I, Jakacki R, Butterfield L, Okada H, Fangusaro J, Warren KE, Mullins C, Jurgen P, Julia S, Friedrich CC, Keir S, Saling J, Roskoski M, Friedman H, Bigner D, Moertel C, Olin M, Dahlheimer T, Gustafson M, Sumstad D, McKenna D, Low W, Nascene D, Dietz A, Ohlfest J, Sturm D, Witt H, Hovestadt V, Quan DAK, Jones DTW, Konermann C, Pfaff E, Korshunov A, Rizhova M, Milde T, Witt O, Zapatka M, Collins VP, Kool M, Reifenberger G, Lichter P, Lindroth AM, Plass C, Jabado N, Pfister SM, Pizer B, Salehzadeh A, Brodbelt A, Mallucci C, Brassesco M, Pezuk J, Morales A, de Oliveira J, Roberto G, Umezawa K, Valera E, Rego E, Scrideli C, Tone L, Veringa SJE, Van Vuurden DG, Wesseling P, Vandertop WP, Noske DP, Wurdinger T, Kaspers GJL, Hulleman E, Wright K, Broniscer A, Bendel A, Bowers D, Crawford J, Fisher P, Hassall T, Armstrong G, Baker J, Qaddoumi I, Robinson G, Wetmore C, Klimo P, Boop F, Onar-Thomas A, Ellison D, Gajjar A, Cruz O, de Torres C, Sunol M, Rodriguez E, Alonso L, Parareda A, Cardesa T, Salvador H, Celis V, Guillen A, Garcia G, Muchart J, Trampal C, Martin ML, Rebollo M, Mora J, Piotrowski A, Kowalska A, Coyle P, Smith S, Rogers H, Macarthur D, Grundy R, Puccetti D, Salamat S, Kennedy T, Fangusaro J, Patel N, Bradley K, Casey K, Iskandar B, Nakano Y, Okada K, Osugi Y, Yamasaki K, Fujisaki H, Fukushima H, Inoue T, Matsusaka Y, Sakamoto H, Hara J, De Vleeschouwer S, Ardon H, Van Calenbergh F, Sciot R, Wilms G, Van Loon J, Goffin J, Van Gool S, Puccetti D, Salamat S, Rusinak D, Patel N, Bradley K, Casey K, Knight P, Onel K, Wargowski D, Stettner A, Iskandar B, Al-Ghafari A, Punjaruk W, Coyle B, Kerr I, Xipell E, Rodriguez M, Gonzalez-Huarriz M, Tunon MT, Zazpe I, Tejada-Solis S, Diez-Valle R, Fueyo J, Gomez-Manzano C, Alonso MM, Pastakia D, McCully C, Murphy R, Bacher J, Thomas M, Steffen-Smith E, Saleem K, Waldbridge S, Widemann B, Warren K, Miele E, Buttarelli F, Arcella A, Begalli F, Po A, Baldi C, Carissimo G, Antonelli M, Donofrio V, Morra I, Nozza P, Gulino A, Giangaspero F, Ferretti E, Elens I, De Vleeschouwer S, Pauwels F, Van Gool S, Fritzell S, Eberstal S, Sanden E, Visse E, Darabi A, Siesjo P, McDonald P, Wrogemann J, Krawitz S, Del Bigio M, Eisenstat D, Wolff J, Kwiecien R, Pietsch T, Faldum A, Kortmann RD, Warmuth-Metz M, Rutkowski S, Slavc I, Kramm CM, Uparkar U, Geyer R, Ermoian R, Ellenbogen R, Leary S, Triscott J, Hu K, Fotovati A, Yip S, Kast R, Toyota B, Dunn S, Hegde M, Corder A, Chow K, Mukherjee M, Ashoori A, Brawley V, Heslop H, Gottschalk S, Yvon E, Ahmed N, Wong TT, Yang FY, Lu M, Liang HF, Wang HE, Liu RS, Teng MC, Yen CC, Agnihotri S, Ternamian C, Jones C, Zadeh G, Rutka J, Hawkins C, Filipek I, Drogosiewicz M, Perek-Polnik M, Swieszkowska E, Baginska BD, Jurkiewicz E, Perek D, Kuehn A, Falkenstein F, Wolff J, Kwiecien R, Pietsch T, Gnekow A, Kramm C, Brooks MD, Jackson E, Piwnica-Worms D, Mitra RD, Rubin JB, Liu XY, Korshunov A, Schwartzentruber J, Jones DTW, Pfaff E, Sturm D, Fontebasso AM, Quang DAK, Albrecht S, Kool M, Dong Z, Siegel P, Von Diemling A, Faury D, Tabori U, Lichter P, Plass C, Majewski J, Pfister SM, Jabado N, Lulla R, Echevarria M, Alden T, DiPatri A, Tomita T, Goldman S, Fangusaro J, Qaddoumi I, Lin T, Merchant TE, Kocak M, Panandiker AP, Armstrong GT, Wetmore C, Gajjar A, Broniscer A, Gielen GH, Muehlen AZ, Kramm C, Pietsch T, Hubert C, Ding Y, Toledo C, Paddison P, Olson J, Nandhabalan M, Bjerke L, Bax D, Carvalho D, Bajrami I, Ashworth A, Lord C, Hargrave D, Reis R, Workman P, Jones C, Little S, Popov S, Jury A, Burford A, Doey L, Al-Sarraj S, Jurgensmeier J, Jones C, Carvalho D, Bjerke L, Bax D, Chen L, Kozarewa I, Baker S, Grundy R, Ashworth A, Lord C, Hargrave D, Reis R, Jones C, Bjerke L, Perryman L, Burford A, Bax D, Jury A, Popov S, Box G, Raynaud F, Hargrave D, Eccles S, Jones C, Viana-Pereira M, Pereira M, Burford A, Jury A, Popov S, Perryman L, Bax D, Forshew T, Tatevossian R, Sheer D, Pimental J, Pires M, Reis R, Jones C, Sarkar C, Jha P, Patrick IRP, Somasundaram K, Pathak P, Sharma MC, Suri V, Suri A, Gerges N, Haque T, Nantel A, Faury D, Jabado N, Lee C, Fotovati A, Triscott J, Chen J, Venugopal C, Singhal A, Dunham C, Kerr J, Verreault M, Yip S, Wakimoto H, Jones C, Jayanthan A, Narendran A, Singh S, Dunn S, Giraud G, Holm S, Gustavsson B, Van Gool S, Kizyma R, Kizyma Z, Dvornyak L, Kotsay B, Epari S, Sharma P, Gurav M, Gupta T, Shetty P, Moiyadi A, Kane S, Jalali R. HIGH GRADE GLIOMAS. Neuro Oncol 2012; 14:i56-i68. [PMCID: PMC3483348 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nos102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
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Modjtahedi H, Khelwatty SA, Kirk RS, Seddon AM, Essapen S, Del Vecchio CA, Wong AJ, Eccles S. Immunohistochemical discrimination of wild-type EGFR from EGFRvIII in fixed tumour specimens using anti-EGFR mAbs ICR9 and ICR10. Br J Cancer 2012; 106:883-8. [PMID: 22315050 PMCID: PMC3305949 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2012.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is an important therapeutic target in oncology, and three different types of EGFR inhibitors have been approved for the treatment of cancer patients. However, there has been no clear association between the expression levels of EGFR protein in the tumours determined by the FDA-approved EGFR PharmDx kit (Dako) or other standard anti-EGFR antibodies and the response to the EGFR inhibitors. Method: In this study, we investigated the potential of our anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies (mAbs; ICR9, ICR10, ICR16) for immunohistochemical diagnosis of wild-type EGFR and/or the type-III deletion mutant form of EGFR (EGFRvIII) in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human tumour specimens. Results: We found that the anti-EGFR mAb in the EGFR PharmDx kit stained both wild-type and EGFRvIII-expressing cells in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections. This pattern of EGFR immunostaining was also found with our anti-EGFR mAb ICR16. In contrast, mAbs ICR10 and ICR9 were specific for the wild-type EGFR. Conclusion: We conclude that mAbs ICR9 and ICR10 are ideal tools for investigating the expression patterns of wild-type EGFR protein in tumour specimens using immunohistochemistry, and to determine their prognostic significance, as well as predictive value for response to therapy with EGFR antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Modjtahedi
- School of Life Sciences, Kingston University London, Kingston-upon-Thames, Surrey KT1 2EE, UK.
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Moore A, Faisal A, Bavetsias V, de Castro DG, Sun C, Atrash B, Valenti M, de Haven Brandon A, Avery S, Pearson A, Workman P, Blagg J, Raynaud F, Eccles S, Linardopoulos S. Abstract B74: The dual FLT3-Aurora inhibitor CCT241736 overcomes resistance to selective FLT3 inhibition driven by FLT3 ligand and FLT3 point mutations in acute myeloid leukemia. Mol Cancer Ther 2011. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.targ-11-b74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Internal tandem duplication or kinase domain point mutations of the fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 gene (FLT3-ITD, -TKD) result in constitutive FLT3 kinase activation and promote leukemic proliferation. FLT3-ITD occurs in 20–35% of adults and 15% of children with acute myeloid leukemia and confers a poor prognosis in both age groups. Activated FLT3 therefore represents a valid therapeutic target and several FLT3 inhibitors are currently in phase II-III clinical trials. The clinical impact of FLT3 inhibitors has thus far been limited by transient responses when used as single agents due to lack of sustained FLT3 inhibition and the emergence of secondary acquired resistance following treatment. Aurora kinases are a family of serine-threonine kinases that play a key role in several stages of mitosis. Although studies in leukemia have been limited to cell lines and small patient cohorts, over-expression of Aurora A has been consistently demonstrated and Aurora kinase inhibitors show potential in the treatment of AML. Our hypothesis is that simultaneous FLT3 / Aurora inhibition will improve single-agent efficacy and reduce susceptibility to FLT3-ligand-driven and FLT3 mutation-driven resistance in FLT3-ITD positive AML. In addition, we have generated a model of FLT3 inhibitor resistance by prolonged treatment of MOLM-13 cells with the selective FLT3 inhibitor MLN518. These resistant cells, termed MOLM-13-RES, are doubly-mutated with FLT3-ITD and a FLT3-TKD (D835Y) point mutation and over-express Survivin. Here we demonstrate that such doubly-mutated AML cells are sensitive to the dual FLT3-Aurora inhibitor CCT241736. CCT241736, an imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine derivative discovered at our Institution, is a novel, orally bioavailable, potent and highly selective FLT3 and pan-Aurora inhibitor [S(10) = 0.057; a fraction of 386 kinases inhibited >90% when screened at 1 μM of CCT241736]. In biochemical assays, CCT241736 has IC50 values against FLT3, Aurora A and Aurora B of 0.035, 0.015 and 0.1 μM respectively. Furthermore, CCT241736 inhibits a wide range of FLT3 mutants, including FLT3-ITD, -D835Y, -D835H, -K663Q and -N841I. In cellular assays, CCT241736 inhibits viability of the human FLT3-ITD positive AML cell lines MOLM-13 and MV-4;11 with EC50 values of 0.1 and 0.27 M respectively. In vivo, mouse tumor xenograft models of MOLM-13, MV-4;11 and the doubly-mutated cell line, MOLM-13-RES, are also sensitive to CCT241736, with biomarker modulation consistent with dual inhibition of FLT3 and Aurora kinases. In summary, dual inhibition of FLT3 and the critical mitotic kinase Aurora by CCT241736 may represent a novel treatment strategy for FLT3-mutated AML by overcoming the effects of high FL levels and limiting resistance caused by secondary mutations of the FLT3 gene.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2011 Nov 12-16; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2011;10(11 Suppl):Abstract nr B74.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Moore
- 1Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amir Faisal
- 1Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Chongbo Sun
- 1Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Butrus Atrash
- 1Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Sian Avery
- 1Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Paul Workman
- 1Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Julian Blagg
- 1Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
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Luangdilok S, Box C, Harrington K, Rhŷs-Evans P, Eccles S. MAPK and PI3K signalling differentially regulate angiogenic and lymphangiogenic cytokine secretion in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Eur J Cancer 2011; 47:520-9. [PMID: 21074412 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2010.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2010] [Revised: 09/30/2010] [Accepted: 10/11/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF-C and VEGF-A) play important roles in tumour-induced lymphangiogenesis and angiogenesis, respectively, key processes implicated in promoting tumour growth and metastatic spread. Previous work from our laboratory has shown that EGFR overexpression in squamous carcinomas of the head and neck (SCCHN) is linked to high levels of VEGF-A and VEGF-C (but low levels of VEGF-D) and is associated with poor prognosis. The present study explored the signalling pathways regulating the induction of VEGF-C and VEGF-A in the SCCHN cell lines CAL 27 and Detroit 562. The addition of exogenous EGF induced the expression of VEGF-C and VEGF-A in a concentration-dependent manner and this was blocked by a selective EGFR inhibitor, gefitinib. In both cell lines stimulated with endogenous or exogenous ligand, inhibition of MEK1/2 (with U0126 or PD98059) or PI3K (with PI-103 or LY294002) resulted in a marked reduction of EGFR-induced VEGF-A expression, whereas exogenous EGF-induced VEGF-C upregulation was blocked by inhibitors of MEK but not PI3K. Inhibition of p38 MAPK suppressed EGF-induced VEGF-C upregulation in CAL 27 cells, but inhibited EGF-induced VEGF-A upregulation in Detroit 562. Taken together, our evidence suggests that both endogenous and exogenous EGFR activation induces VEGF-A expression requiring both PI3K and MAPK signalling whereas VEGF-C expression is dependent on MAPK, but not the PI3K or mTOR pathways in SCCHN cell lines. p38 MAPK appears to be differentially linked to either VEGF-A or VEGF-C regulation in different cellular contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sutima Luangdilok
- Tumour Biology and Metastasis Team, Cancer Research UK Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, McElwain Laboratories, Cotswold Road, Belmont, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom
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Moffat D, Patel S, Day F, Belfield A, Donald A, Rowlands M, Wibawa J, Brotherton D, Stimson L, Clark V, Owen J, Bawden L, Box G, Bone E, Mortenson P, Hardcastle A, van Meurs S, Eccles S, Raynaud F, Aherne W. Discovery of 2-(6-{[(6-fluoroquinolin-2-yl)methyl]amino}bicyclo[3.1.0]hex-3-yl)-N-hydroxypyrimidine-5-carboxamide (CHR-3996), a class I selective orally active histone deacetylase inhibitor. J Med Chem 2010; 53:8663-78. [PMID: 21080647 DOI: 10.1021/jm101177s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of HDAC inhibitors demonstrating class I subtype selectivity and good oral bioavailability is described. The compounds are potent enzyme inhibitors (IC₅₀ values less than 100 nM), and improved activity in cell proliferation assays was achieved by modulation of polar surface area (PSA) through the introduction of novel linking groups. Employing oral pharmacokinetic studies in mice, comparing drug levels in spleen to plasma, we selected compounds that were tested for efficacy in human tumor xenograft studies based on their potential to distribute into tumor. One compound, 21r (CHR-3996), showed good oral activity in these models, including dose-related activity in a LoVo xenograft. In addition 21r showed good activity in combination with other anticancer agents in in vitro studies. On the basis of these results, 21r was nominated for clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Moffat
- Chroma Therapeutics Ltd., Abingdon, OX14 4RY, UK.
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Karakoula K, Bigner DD, Keir S, Thomas DG, Darling J, Warr T, Al-Halabi H, Albrecht S, Guiot MC, Kelkner A, Sahebjam S, Kavan P, Freeman CR, Muanza T, Jabado N, Bielen A, Perryman L, Box G, Popov S, Jeay S, Hofmann F, Hargrave D, Eccles S, Jones C, Dubuc AM, Mack S, Nakahara Y, Garzia L, Northcott PA, Kongkham P, Baylin S, Watkins N, Taylor MD, Paugh BS, Qu C, Zhang J, Geyer JR, Chi S, da Silva NS, Baker J, Gajjar A, Ellison DW, Broniscer A, Baker SJ, Mainwaring LA, Taylor M, Dupuy A, Kenney AM, Williams SC, Zagzag D, Chiriboga L, Becher OC, von Deimling A, Allen JC, Karajannis MA, Stearns D, von Buren AO, Donson A, Foreman N, Eberhart C, Taylor P, Kang N, Das CM, Rajaram V, Aguilera DG, Goldman S, Fangusaro J, Gopalakrishnan V, Das CM, Taylor P, Su X, Kommagani R, Aguilera DG, Wolff JE, Kadakia MP, Flores ER, Gopalakrishnan V. Pediatrics Laboratory Research. Neuro Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noq116.s12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Modjtahedi H, Khelwatty SA, Cunningham MM, Kirk R, Seddon A, Essapen S, Moscatello DK, Wong AJ, Eccles S. Abstract 694: Immunohistochemical discrimination of wild type EGFR from EGFRvIII in fixed tumor specimens using anti-EGFR mAbs ICR9 and ICR10. Cancer Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am10-694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Abnormal expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been reported in a wide range of human epithelial malignancies and in some studies has been associated with poor prognosis and treatment resistance. Currently, three different types of EGFR inhibitors have been approved by the FDA for the treatment of patients with head and neck, metastatic colorectal, pancreatic or breast cancers: anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies [(mAbs), cetuximab and panitumumab], small molecule EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors [(TKIs) gefitinib, erlotinib] or a dual EGFR and HER-2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor (lapatinib) However, there has been no clear association between the expression levels of EGFR in the tumours determined by the FDA approved EGFR PharmDx™ kit (DakoCytomation) or other standard anti-EGFR antibodies and the response to the EGFR inhibitors. One reason could be that the antibody used in the diagnosis of EGFR is not specific to the wild type EGFR and can also bind to the type-III mutant form of EGFR (EGFRvIII). We have extensively profiled our unique panel of high affinity rat anti-EGFR mAbs for use in the diagnosis and therapy of human cancers. The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the potential of several of these antibodies (ICR9, ICR10, ICR16) for immunohistochemical diagnosis of wild type EGFR and/or EGFRvIII in formalin fixed paraffin embedded tumour specimens. We prepared 10% (v/v) neutral buffered formalin paraffin embedded sections of HN5 and HC2 20d2/c pelleted cells, which overexpress wild type EGFR and EGFRvIII respectively. Tumour sections were incubated with primary anti-EGFR mAbs followed by HRP linked secondary antibody (ABD Serotec Ltd., UK). The sections were then treated with DAB+ substrate-chromogen solution (Dako), counterstained with haematoxylin and mounted. The EGFR PharmDx™ kit, containing positive and negative control cell lines was purchased from Dako (UK) and the immunostaining of sections was conducted according to the manufacturer's protocol. We found that the mouse anti-EGFR mAb in the EGFR pharmDx™ kit stained both wild type and EGFRvIII expressing cells in the formalin fixed paraffin embedded sections. This pattern of EGFR immunostaining was also found with our anti-EGFR mAb ICR16. In contrast, mAbs ICR9 and ICR10, which are directed against two distinct epitopes on the external domain of the EGFR, were specific for wild-type EGFR in formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tumour specimens. We conclude that mAbs ICR9 and ICR10 are ideal tools for investigating the expression patterns of wild type EGFR (membranous, nuclear, and cytoplasmic) in tumour specimens using immunohistochemistry and to determine their prognostic significance as well as predictive value for response to therapy with EGFR antibodies.
Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 694.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ruth Kirk
- 1Kingston Univ. London, Kingston-upon-Thames, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Seddon
- 1Kingston Univ. London, Kingston-upon-Thames, United Kingdom
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Rogers S, Collier R, Clark E, Tanay M, Hickey J, Box C, Rhys-Evans P, Nutting C, Eccles S, Harrington K. PP127 INHANCE (Iressa™ Novel Head and Neck Chemotherapy Evaluation) randomised phase II trial: clinical findings and associated translational research into EGFR-related biomarkers in tumour and skin biopsies. EJC Suppl 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(09)72202-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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28
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Gaspar N, Sharp SY, Pacey S, Jones C, Walton M, Vassal G, Eccles S, Pearson A, Workman P. Acquired resistance to 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG, tanespimycin) in glioblastoma cells. Cancer Res 2009; 69:1966-75. [PMID: 19244114 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-3131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) inhibitors, such as 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG, tanespimycin), which is currently in phase II/phase III clinical trials, are promising new anticancer agents. Here, we explored acquired resistance to HSP90 inhibitors in glioblastoma (GB), a primary brain tumor with poor prognosis. GB cells were exposed continuously to increased 17-AAG concentrations. Four 17-AAG-resistant GB cell lines were generated. High-resistance levels with resistance indices (RI = resistant line IC(50)/parental line IC(50)) of 20 to 137 were obtained rapidly (2-8 weeks). After cessation of 17-AAG exposure, RI decreased and then stabilized. Cross-resistance was found with other ansamycin benzoquinones but not with the structurally unrelated HSP90 inhibitors, radicicol, the purine BIIB021, and the resorcinylic pyrazole/isoxazole amide compounds VER-49009, VER-50589, and NVP-AUY922. An inverse correlation between NAD(P)H/quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) expression/activity and 17-AAG IC(50) was observed in the resistant lines. The NQO1 inhibitor ES936 abrogated the differential effects of 17-AAG sensitivity between the parental and resistant lines. NQO1 mRNA levels and NQO1 DNA polymorphism analysis indicated different underlying mechanisms: reduced expression and selection of the inactive NQO1*2 polymorphism. Decreased NQO1 expression was also observed in a melanoma line with acquired resistance to 17-AAG. No resistance was generated with VER-50589 and NVP-AUY922. In conclusion, low NQO1 activity is a likely mechanism of acquired resistance to 17-AAG in GB, melanoma, and, possibly, other tumor types. Such resistance can be overcome with novel HSP90 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Gaspar
- Signal Transduction and Molecular Pharmacology Team, Cancer Research UK Centre for Cancer The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, United Kingdom
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Eccles S, Irimura T, Welch D. Editorial introduction. Clin Exp Metastasis 2009; 26:1. [DOI: 10.1007/s10585-008-9229-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Clarke P, Welsh L, Valenti M, Eccles S, Workman P. 145 POSTER Hsp90 inhibitors target addiction to mutant oncoproteins in colorectal cancer. EJC Suppl 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(08)72077-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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31
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Ben Sassi A, Eccles S, Woodward A, Shannon J, Foster M. Changing Trends In Rectal Cancer - The Nineties To Now. Eur J Surg Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2008.06.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Eccles S, Paon L, Sleeman J. Lymphatic metastasis in breast cancer: importance and new insights into cellular and molecular mechanisms. Clin Exp Metastasis 2007; 24:619-36. [PMID: 17985200 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-007-9123-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2007] [Accepted: 10/19/2007] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Lymph node metastasis is the main prognosis factor in a number of malignancies, including breast carcinomas. The means by which lymph node metastases arise is not fully understood, and many questions remain about their importance in the further spread of breast cancer. Nevertheless, a number of key cellular and molecular mechanisms of lymphatic metastasis have been identified. These include induction of intra- or peri-tumoral lymphangiogenesis or co-option of existing lymphatic vessels to allow tumour cells to enter the lymphatics, although it remains to be established whether this is primarily an active or passive process. Gene expression microarrays and functional studies in vitro and in vivo, together with detailed clinical observations have identified a number of molecules that can play a role in the genesis of lymph node metastases. These include the well-recognised lymphangiogenic cytokines VEGF-C and VEGF-D as well as chemokine-receptor interactions, integrins and downstream signalling pathways. This paper briefly reviews current clinical and experimental evidence for the underlying mechanisms and significance of lymphatic metastasis in breast cancer and highlights questions that still need to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Eccles
- Cancer Research UK Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, McElwain Laboratories, The Institute of Cancer Research, Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, UK.
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Luangdilok S, Box C, Patterson L, Court W, Harrington K, Pitkin L, Rhŷs-Evans P, O-charoenrat P, Eccles S. Syk tyrosine kinase is linked to cell motility and progression in squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck. Cancer Res 2007; 67:7907-16. [PMID: 17699797 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-0331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Syk, a non-receptor tyrosine kinase, is an important component of immunoreceptor signaling in hematopoietic cells. It has been implicated in key regulatory pathways including phosphoinositide 3-kinase and phospholipase Cgamma (PLCgamma) activation in B cells and integrin signaling in platelets and bronchial epithelial cells. Recently, potential roles in cancer have been reported. In breast cancers, reduced Syk expression was associated with invasion, and its overexpression in cell lines was shown to inhibit cell motility. In contrast, Syk has been shown to mediate chemomigration in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Its role in squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (SCCHN) has not yet been investigated. Syk mRNA and protein expression was detected in 6 of 10 SCCHN cell lines. When Syk was transfected into Syk-negative cells (SIHN-011A), chemomigration was enhanced in vitro and this was associated with activation of PLCgamma1. Conversely, abrogation of Syk activity by pharmacologic inhibition or small interfering RNA in HN6 cells with high levels of endogenous expression inhibited migration, haptotaxis, and engagement with matrix proteins; this was accompanied by decreased levels of phosphorylated AKT. Similar effects were seen in Syk-positive CAL 27 cells but not in Syk-negative SIHN-011A cells. Immunoprecipitation suggested co-association of Syk with epidermal growth factor receptor and GRB-2. Syk expression in SCCHN patient tissues was examined by semiquantitative real-time PCR (n = 45) and immunohistochemistry (n = 38) in two independent cohorts. Higher levels of Syk expression were observed in tumors and lymph node metastases relative to normal tissues. High Syk expression significantly correlated with worse survival and may be of prognostic value in SCCHN due to its potential role in cell migration and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sutima Luangdilok
- Tumour Biology and Metastasis Team, Cancer Research UK Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, McElwain Laboratories, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom
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Raynaud FI, Eccles S, Clarke PA, Hayes A, Nutley B, Alix S, Henley A, Di-Stefano F, Ahmad Z, Guillard S, Bjerke LM, Kelland L, Valenti M, Patterson L, Gowan S, de Haven Brandon A, Hayakawa M, Kaizawa H, Koizumi T, Ohishi T, Patel S, Saghir N, Parker P, Waterfield M, Workman P. Pharmacologic characterization of a potent inhibitor of class I phosphatidylinositide 3-kinases. Cancer Res 2007; 67:5840-50. [PMID: 17575152 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-4615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Extensive evidence implicates activation of the lipid phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway in the genesis and progression of various human cancers. PI3K inhibitors thus have considerable potential as molecular cancer therapeutics. Here, we detail the pharmacologic properties of a prototype of a new series of inhibitors of class I PI3K. PI103 is a potent inhibitor with low IC50 values against recombinant PI3K isoforms p110alpha (2 nmol/L), p110beta (3 nmol/L), p110delta (3 nmol/L), and p110gamma (15 nmol/L). PI103 also inhibited TORC1 by 83.9% at 0.5 micromol/L and exhibited an IC50 of 14 nmol/L against DNA-PK. A high degree of selectivity for the PI3K family was shown by the lack of activity of PI103 in a panel of 70 protein kinases. PI103 potently inhibited proliferation and invasion of a wide variety of human cancer cells in vitro and showed biomarker modulation consistent with inhibition of PI3K signaling. PI103 was extensively metabolized, but distributed rapidly to tissues and tumors. This resulted in tumor growth delay in eight different human cancer xenograft models with various PI3K pathway abnormalities. Decreased phosphorylation of AKT was observed in U87MG gliomas, consistent with drug levels achieved. We also showed inhibition of invasion in orthotopic breast and ovarian cancer xenograft models and obtained evidence that PI103 has antiangiogenic potential. Despite its rapid in vivo metabolism, PI103 is a valuable tool compound for exploring the biological function of class I PI3K and importantly represents a lead for further optimization of this novel class of targeted molecular cancer therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence I Raynaud
- Cancer Research UK Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, Haddow and McElwain Laboratories, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom.
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Pitkin L, Luangdilok S, Corbishley C, Wilson POG, Dalton P, Bray D, Mady S, Williamson P, Odutoye T, Rhys Evans P, Syrigos KN, Nutting CM, Barbachano Y, Eccles S, Harrington KJ. Expression of CC chemokine receptor 7 in tonsillar cancer predicts cervical nodal metastasis, systemic relapse and survival. Br J Cancer 2007; 97:670-7. [PMID: 17687340 PMCID: PMC2360373 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of CC chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) in squamous cell cancer of the tonsil with respect to patterns of spread, relapse-free, overall and disease-specific survival. Eighty-four patients with squamous cell cancer of the tonsil were identified. There was a male predominance of 3 : 1 and the median age at diagnosis was 53 (range 35–86) years. The median duration of follow-up was 33 (range 2–124) months. There was a significant association between CCR7 immunopositivity and synchronous cervical nodal metastasis in patients with tonsillar cancer (Spearman's correlation coefficient 0.564; P<0.001). Relapse-free (P=0.0175), overall (P=0.0136) and disease-specific (P=0.0062) survival rates were significantly lower in patients whose tumours expressed high levels of CCR7. On multivariate analysis, high-level CCR7 staining predicted relapse-free (hazard ratio 3.0, 95% confidence intervals 1.1–8.0, P=0.026) and disease-specific (hazard ratio 10.2, 95% confidence intervals 2.1–48.6, P=0.004) survival. Fifteen percent of patients with the highest level of tumour CCR7 immunopositivity relapsed with systemic metastases. These data demonstrated that CCR7 expression was associated with cervical nodal and systemic metastases from tonsillar cancers. High levels of CCR7 expression predicted a poor prognosis.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Blotting, Western
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Kaplan-Meier Estimate
- Lymphatic Metastasis
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Multivariate Analysis
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local
- Predictive Value of Tests
- Prognosis
- Receptors, CCR7
- Receptors, Chemokine/genetics
- Receptors, Chemokine/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Tonsillar Neoplasms/genetics
- Tonsillar Neoplasms/metabolism
- Tonsillar Neoplasms/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- L Pitkin
- Thomas Tatum Head and Neck Unit, St George's Hospital, London, UK
| | - S Luangdilok
- The Institute of Cancer Research, McElwain Laboratories, Sutton, UK
| | - C Corbishley
- Department of Cellular Pathology, St George's Hospital, London, UK
| | - P O G Wilson
- Department of Cellular Pathology, St George's Hospital, London, UK
| | - P Dalton
- Department of Cellular Pathology, St George's Hospital, London, UK
| | - D Bray
- Thomas Tatum Head and Neck Unit, St George's Hospital, London, UK
| | - S Mady
- Thomas Tatum Head and Neck Unit, St George's Hospital, London, UK
| | - P Williamson
- Thomas Tatum Head and Neck Unit, St George's Hospital, London, UK
| | - T Odutoye
- Thomas Tatum Head and Neck Unit, St George's Hospital, London, UK
| | - P Rhys Evans
- Head and Neck Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - K N Syrigos
- Head and Neck Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - C M Nutting
- Thomas Tatum Head and Neck Unit, St George's Hospital, London, UK
- Head and Neck Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - Y Barbachano
- Statistics Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - S Eccles
- The Institute of Cancer Research, McElwain Laboratories, Sutton, UK
| | - K J Harrington
- Thomas Tatum Head and Neck Unit, St George's Hospital, London, UK
- Head and Neck Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, UK
- Targeted Therapy Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, Cancer Research UK Centre for Cell and Molecular Biology, Chester Beatty Laboratories, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK. E-mail:
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Raynaud FI, Whittaker SR, Fischer PM, McClue S, Walton MI, Barrie SE, Garrett MD, Rogers P, Clarke SJ, Kelland LR, Valenti M, Brunton L, Eccles S, Lane DP, Workman P. In vitro and in vivo pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationships for the trisubstituted aminopurine cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors olomoucine, bohemine and CYC202. Clin Cancer Res 2005; 11:4875-87. [PMID: 16000586 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-04-2264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationships for the trisubstituted aminopurine cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors olomoucine, bohemine, and CYC202 (R-roscovitine; seliciclib) in the HCT116 human colon carcinoma model. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The in vitro activity of the agents was determined in a human tumor panel using the sulforhodamine B assay. The concentration and time dependence was established in HCT116 cells. Molecular biomarkers, including RB phosphorylation and cyclin expression, were assessed by Western blotting. Pharmacokinetic properties were characterized in mice following analysis by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Based on these studies, a dosing regimen was developed for CYC202 that allowed therapeutic exposures in the HCT116 tumor xenograft. RESULTS The antitumor potency of the agents in vitro was in the order olomoucine (IC50, 56 micromol/L) < bohemine (IC50, 27 micromol/L) < CYC202 (IC50, 15 micromol/L), corresponding to their activities as cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors. Antitumor activity increased with exposure time up to 16 hours. The agents caused inhibition of RB and RNA polymerase II phosphorylation and depletion of cyclins. They exhibited relatively rapid clearance following administration to mice. CYC202 displayed the slowest clearance from plasma and the highest tumor uptake, with oral bioavailability of 86%. Oral dosing of CYC202 gave active concentrations in the tumor, modulation of pharmacodynamic markers, and inhibition of tumor growth. CONCLUSIONS CYC202 showed therapeutic activity on human cancer cell lines in vitro and on xenografts. Pharmacodynamic markers are altered in vitro and in vivo, consistent with the inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinases. Such markers may be potentially useful in the clinical development of CYC202 and other cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence I Raynaud
- Cancer Research UK Centre for Cancer Therapeutics at The Institute of Cancer Research, Haddow Laboratories, Belmont, Sutton, United Kingdom
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Abstract
The c-erbB-2 proto-oncogene encodes a 185 kDa transmembrane Type 1 tyrosine kinase receptor whose amplification and/or overexpression has been linked with poor prognosis in a variety of cancers. The oncoprotein has been suggested to play a key role in tumour cell invasion, motility and metastasis, and in responsiveness to therapeutic agents. Over-expression of c-erbB-2 therefore identifies an important subset of patients with a high probability of relapse, but low probability of response to certain conventional therapies. The cell surface location of the oncoprotein, its stability of expression and low levels in normal adult tissues render it an attractive target for immunotherapeutic intervention. Although a 'self' antigen, there is evidence that c-erbB-2 p185 can induce both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in cancer patients. Approaches to exploit p185 as an immunotherapeutic target include vaccination with peptides, plasmid DNA or vectors (viruses/bacteria) carrying the gene; with cytokines, co-stimulatory factors and superantigens being evaluated as adjuvants. Many monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based strategies are also in clinical development. Monoclonal antibodies can serve multiple functions; direct inhibition of c-erbB-2 activity, recruitment of host effector mechanisms and direct or indirect delivery of toxic payloads. Clinical trials in patients with late stage disease have shown that many of these approaches are safe, feasible and relatively non-toxic, and, in some cases, objective responses have been seen. As with all immunotherapy, the greatest benefit is likely to be obtained in patients with minimal residual disease in an adjuvant setting; such studies are awaited with interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Eccles
- Section of Cancer Therapeutics, McElwain Laboratories, Institute of Cancer Research, Cotswold Rd., Belmont, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, UK
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Eccles S, Kim EM, O'Hare E. Granisetron attenuates exercise-induced conditioned taste aversion in the rat. Appetite 2005; 44:325-8. [PMID: 15927732 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2005.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2004] [Revised: 02/08/2005] [Accepted: 02/11/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A conditioned taste aversion (CTA) paradigm was used in the present study to investigate whether CTA produced by exercise could be attenuated by the 5-HT(3) receptor antagonist granisetron. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated to one of four groups (Ns=6) and were exposed to salty (0.128 M sodium chloride) or sour (0.00138M citric acid) solutions. Subjects were injected with either saline solution (1.0 ml, 0.9%) or granisetron (0.5mg/kg, IP) and were exposed to 30 min of forced wheel running exercise (70 revolutions/30min) 10 min after injection. Exercise induced CTA to both the salty (3.7 ml intake) and sour-flaroured (3.1ml intake) solutions as compared with no exercise (intake 14.0 and 13.7 ml), and administration of granisetron significantly attenuated the exercise-induced CTA to the salty- and sour-flavoured solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Eccles
- School of Psychology, University of Ulster (Jordanstown), Shore Road, Newtownabbey, Co. Antrim BT37 OQB, Northern Ireland
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Workman P, Raynaud F, Clarke P, Te Poele R, Eccles S, Kelland L, Di Stefano F, Ahmadi K, Parker P, Waterfield M. 414A Pharmacological properties and in vitro and in vivo antitumour activity of the potent and selective PI3 kinase inhibitor PI103. EJC Suppl 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(04)80422-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Eccles S, Brader S, Court W, Box G, Valenti M, Gowan S, Patterson L, Ahmad Z, de Haven Brandon A, Workman P. 331 Key roles for HSP90 in tumour neoangiogenesis. EJC Suppl 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(04)80338-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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41
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Wyatt P, Barford D, Davies T, Woodhead S, Saxty G, Davis D, Garrett M, Raynaud F, Eccles S, Berdini V. 332 Fragment-based and structure based optimisation of potent PKB/AKT inhibitors. EJC Suppl 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(04)80339-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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42
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Spruce BA, Campbell LA, McTavish N, Cooper MA, Appleyard MVL, O'Neill M, Howie J, Samson J, Watt S, Murray K, McLean D, Leslie NR, Safrany ST, Ferguson MJ, Peters JA, Prescott AR, Box G, Hayes A, Nutley B, Raynaud F, Downes CP, Lambert JJ, Thompson AM, Eccles S. Small molecule antagonists of the sigma-1 receptor cause selective release of the death program in tumor and self-reliant cells and inhibit tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Res 2004; 64:4875-86. [PMID: 15256458 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-03-3180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The acquisition of resistance to apoptosis, the cell's intrinsic suicide program, is essential for cancers to arise and progress and is a major reason behind treatment failures. We show in this article that small molecule antagonists of the sigma-1 receptor inhibit tumor cell survival to reveal caspase-dependent apoptosis. sigma antagonist-mediated caspase activation and cell death are substantially attenuated by the prototypic sigma-1 agonists (+)-SKF10,047 and (+)-pentazocine. Although several normal cell types such as fibroblasts, epithelial cells, and even sigma receptor-rich neurons are resistant to the apoptotic effects of sigma antagonists, cells that can promote autocrine survival such as lens epithelial and microvascular endothelial cells are as susceptible as tumor cells. Cellular susceptibility appears to correlate with differences in sigma receptor coupling rather than levels of expression. In susceptible cells only, sigma antagonists evoke a rapid rise in cytosolic calcium that is inhibited by sigma-1 agonists. In at least some tumor cells, sigma antagonists cause calcium-dependent activation of phospholipase C and concomitant calcium-independent inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase pathway signaling. Systemic administration of sigma antagonists significantly inhibits the growth of evolving and established hormone-sensitive and hormone-insensitive mammary carcinoma xenografts, orthotopic prostate tumors, and p53-null lung carcinoma xenografts in immunocompromised mice in the absence of side effects. Release of a sigma receptor-mediated brake on apoptosis may offer a new approach to cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara A Spruce
- Department of Surgery and Molecular Oncology, The University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK.
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Modjtahedi H, Moscatello DK, Box G, Green M, Shotton C, Lamb DJ, Reynolds LJ, Wong AJ, Dean C, Thomas H, Eccles S. Targeting of cells expressing wild-type EGFR and type-III mutant EGFR (EGFRvIII) by anti-EGFR MAb ICR62: a two-pronged attack for tumour therapy. Int J Cancer 2003; 105:273-80. [PMID: 12673691 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.11055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
With a view to their use in cancer therapy, we have produced rat monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) directed against 5 distinct epitopes (A-E) on the external domain of the wild-type human EGF receptor (EGFR). Here, we have investigated the relative binding and anti-tumour activity of our anti-EGFR MAbs against HC2 20d2/c cells, which have been engineered to overexpress the type-III mutated form of the human EGFR (EGFRvIII). We found that anti-EGFR MAbs that are the most effective antagonists of EGFR ligands (e.g., ICR16, ICR62 and ICR80) also bind to cells that overexpress the EGFRvIII. Although these antibodies are potent inhibitors of the growth of cells which express wild-type EGFR, they did not directly inhibit the growth in vitro of EGFRvIII expressing HC2 20d2/c cells, or the constitutive tyrosine kinase activity of this receptor. However, in the presence of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), the rat IgG2b MAb ICR62 induced strong antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) against HC2 20d2/c cells in culture. Interestingly, MAb ICR62 also inhibited very effectively experimental lung metastases of HC2 20d2/c cells in athymic nude mice. Our results suggest that anti-EGFR MAb ICR62, which binds to the EGFRvIII, may have potential in the treatment of tumors which overexpress the EGFRvIII via immunological mechanisms such as ADCC. Since tumours that are EGFRvIII positive may also overexpress the wild-type EGFR, the use of anti-EGFR MAbs that target both wild-type and mutant receptors may have advantages over those that target only1form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmout Modjtahedi
- Division of Oncology, Postgraduate Medical School, Guildford, United Kingdom.
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44
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O-charoenrat P, Pillai G, Patel S, Fisher C, Archer D, Eccles S, Rhys-Evans P. Tumour thickness predicts cervical nodal metastases and survival in early oral tongue cancer. Oral Oncol 2003; 39:386-90. [PMID: 12676259 DOI: 10.1016/s1368-8375(02)00142-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oral tongue is characterized by a high propensity for cervical nodal metastasis, which affects the probability of regional control and survival. Until now, elective treatment of the clinically negative neck in early lesions (T(1-2)) of the oral tongue cancer remains controversial. This study attempted to identify predictive factor(s) for cervical nodal metastasis and treatment outcomes in patients with early stage SCC of the oral tongue treated primarily by surgery. Fifty patients with previously untreated Stage I/II primary tongue carcinomas with available archival specimens treated at the Royal Marsden Hospital between 1981 and 1998 were reviewed. Clinico-pathological features including age, gender, alcohol and tobacco consumption, tumour location, histological grade, tumour-stromal border, growth pattern, tumour thickness, and clinical stage were evaluated and the correlations with cervical metastases and outcome analysis were determined. The overall occult nodal metastatic rate was 40% (20/50). Tumour thickness exceeding 5 mm was statistically significantly correlated with cervical metastases (P = 0.003; relative risk = 2.429). No statistical correlation was observed between other clinico-pathological parameters and nodal metastasis. With a median follow-up of 98 months, 5-year actuarial overall, disease-specific (DSS), and relapse-free survival were 65.71, 67.77, and 68.18%, respectively. Univariate analysis for DSS showed poorer outcomes for patients with age > 60 years (P = 0.0423) and tumour thickness > 5 mm (P = 0.0067). The effect of tumour thickness was maintained (P = 0.005) on multivariate analysis. The present study indicates that the thickness of primary tumour has a strong predictive value for occult cervical metastasis and poor outcomes in patients with Stage I/II oral tongue SCC. Thus, elective neck treatment (surgery or irradiation) is indicated for tumours exceeding 5 mm thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- P O-charoenrat
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, Siriraj Hospital Medical School, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.
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Eccles S. 17th meeting of the European Association for Cancer Research in Granada, Spain, 8-11 June 2002. Eur J Cancer 2002; 38:1975-83. [PMID: 12376200 DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(02)00376-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Eccles
- Section of Cancer Therapeutics, McElwain Laboratories, Cotswold Road, Belmont, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK.
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46
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O-Charoenrat P, Rhys-Evans P, Eccles S. A synthetic matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor prevents squamous carcinoma cell proliferation by interfering with epidermal growth factor receptor autocrine loops. Int J Cancer 2002; 100:527-33. [PMID: 12124801 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.10531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is characterized by its capacity to invade adjacent tissues and to metastasize locoregionally. Evidence suggests that matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) may play a causal role in HNSCC progression. While evaluating the role of MMPs in the invasion process, we made the surprising observation that a broad-spectrum MMP inhibitor, (marimastat, BB2516), inhibited the growth in vitro of some HNSCC cell lines. This inhibitory effect was only found in HNSCC cell lines overexpressing epidermal growth factor receptors. The effects of the MMP inhibitor could be reversed by adding exogenous c-erbB ligands, suggesting that the phenomenon may be related to autocrine ligand processing. This hypothesis was supported by the finding that the growth-inhibitory effect of marimastat was directly related to its ability to prevent the release of major c-erbB ligands including transforming growth factor-alpha, betacellulin and heregulin beta1 from HNSCC. Marimastat was also found to potentiate the cytotoxic effects of cisplatin both in vitro and in vivo. Our results indicate that the cleavage of several c-erbB ligands from membrane-anchored precursors requires MMP activity. We conclude that MMP inhibitors could prevent tumor progression not only by inhibiting invasion and angiogenesis, as previously shown, but also by their ability to inhibit autocrine signaling through the c-erbB receptors. Clinical trials to test this hypothesis in HNSCC should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pornchai O-Charoenrat
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, Siriraj Hospital Medical School, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Smith V, Hobbs S, Court W, Eccles S, Workman P, Kelland LR. ErbB2 overexpression in an ovarian cancer cell line confers sensitivity to the HSP90 inhibitor geldanamycin. Anticancer Res 2002; 22:1993-9. [PMID: 12174876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
ErbB2 is overexpressed in 25-30% of breast and ovarian cancers, correlates with poor prognosis and lower survival and has also been associated with chemoresistance. We have established an isogenic pair of human ovarian cells that differ only in the expression of erbB2 protein in order to elucidate the role of the protein in determining cellular sensitivity to various drugs and agents. These included cisplatin and paclitaxel, the main drugs used in the treatment of ovarian cancer, and also various signal transduction inhibitors affecting the ras and P13K pathways. Transfection of erbB2 resulted in cells stably overexpressing the protein and showing increased motility compared to the empty vector control cells. In cells overexpressing erbB2, the most notable effect on chemosensitivity was that of significantly increased (5-fold) sensitivity to the heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) molecular chaperone inhibitor geldanamycin. In contrast, erbB2-overexpressing cells showed statistically significant resistance to cisplatin, the P13K inhibitor LY294002 and the tyrosine kinase inhibitor emodin. No significant difference in growth inhibition was observed after exposure to paclitaxel, two additional HSP90 inhibitors radicicol and 17AAG, the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor flavopiridol, the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor PD153035, the mek inhibitor U0126 or the famesyl transferase inhibitor R115777. Exposure of cells to geldanamycin, 17AAG, emodin, LY294002 and cisplatin led to depletion of erbB2 in the transfected cells. These data suggest that erbB2 status in ovarian cancr may contribute to chemosensitivity, in some cases leading to increased sensitivity (as with geldanamycin) but in other cases leading to resistance (as with cisplatin).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicki Smith
- CRC Center for Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
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Patel S, Turner PR, Stubberfield C, Barry E, Rohlff CR, Stamps A, McKenzie E, Young K, Tyson K, Terrett J, Box G, Eccles S, Page MJ. Patel S, Turner PR, Stubberfield C, Barry E, Rohlff CR, Stamps A, McKenzie E, Young K, Tyson K, Terrett J, Box G, Eccles S, Page MJ. Hyaluronidase gene profiling and role of HYAL-1 overexpression in an orthotopic model of prostate cancer.International Journal of Cancer 2002;97(4): 416-424. Int J Cancer 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.10361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Eccles S. How to write or edit a book. West J Med 2002. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.324.7338.s81a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Gebska MA, Titley I, Paterson HF, Morilla RM, Davies DC, Gruszka-Westwood AM, Kakkar VV, Eccles S, Scully MF. High-affinity binding sites for heparin generated on leukocytes during apoptosis arise from nuclear structures segregated during cell death. Blood 2002; 99:2221-7. [PMID: 11877301 DOI: 10.1182/blood.v99.6.2221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
During cell death of human cultured leukocytes (Jurkat, HL-60, THP-1, U937) and freshly prepared leukocytes, we observed a greater than 100-fold increase in the affinity of apoptotic and necrotic cells for fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-heparin in comparison with live cells. Binding of FITC-heparin was reversed in the presence of high ionic strength, unlabeled heparan sulfate, and heparin and pentosan polysulfate, but not in the presence of chondroitin and dermatan sulfates. During the course of cell death, the increase in the percentage of cells positive for annexin V binding correlated with the increase in the population positive for binding FITC-heparin. Confocal microscopy demonstrated that heparin binding to dead cells was restricted to 1 or 2 small domains on the surfaces of apoptotic cells and to larger, but still discrete, areas that did not localize with chromatin on ruptured necrotic cells. The heparin-binding domains originated from the nucleus and may correspond to the ribonucleoprotein-containing structures that have recently been shown to segregate within the nucleus of cells and to move onto the cell membrane. We observed that phagocytosis of dead Jurkat cells by monocyte-derived macrophages was blocked when the heparin-binding capacity of the dead cells was saturated by the addition of pentosan polysulfate. From this we concluded that the ability of dead cells to bind to heparan sulfate proteoglycans on the surfaces of macrophages may assist in phagocytic clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena A Gebska
- Coagulation and Fibrinolysis Laboratory, Thrombosis Research Institute, Emmanuel Kaye Building, 1B Manresa Road, Chelsea, London SW3 6LR, UK
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