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Dhimolea E, de Matos Simoes R, Kansara D, Weng X, Sharma S, Awate P, Liu Z, Gao D, Mitsiades N, Schwab JH, Chen Y, Jeselsohn R, Culhane AC, Brown M, Georgakoudi I, Mitsiades CS. Pleiotropic Mechanisms Drive Endocrine Resistance in the Three-Dimensional Bone Microenvironment. Cancer Res 2020; 81:371-383. [PMID: 32859606 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-0571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although hormonal therapy (HT) inhibits the growth of hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast and prostate cancers, HT resistance frequently develops within the complex metastatic microenvironment of the host organ (often the bone), a setting poorly recapitulated in 2D culture systems. To address this limitation, we cultured HR+ breast cancer and prostate cancer spheroids and patient-derived organoids in 3D extracellular matrices (ECM) alone or together with bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC). In 3D monocultures, antiestrogens and antiandrogens induced anoikis by abrogating anchorage-independent growth of HR+ cancer cells but exhibited only modest effects against tumor cells residing in the ECM niche. In contrast, BMSC induced hormone-independent growth of breast cancer and prostate cancer spheroids and restored lumen filling in the presence of HR-targeting agents. Molecular and functional characterization of BMSC-induced hormone independence and HT resistance in anchorage-independent cells revealed distinct context-dependent mechanisms. Cocultures of ZR75-1 and LNCaP with BMSCs exhibited paracrine IL6-induced HT resistance via attenuation of HR protein expression, which was reversed by inhibition of IL6 or JAK signaling. Paracrine IL6/JAK/STAT3-mediated HT resistance was confirmed in patient-derived organoids cocultured with BMSCs. Distinctly, MCF7 and T47D spheroids retained ER protein expression in cocultures but acquired redundant compensatory signals enabling anchorage independence via ERK and PI3K bypass cascades activated in a non-IL6-dependent manner. Collectively, these data characterize the pleiotropic hormone-independent mechanisms underlying acquisition and restoration of anchorage-independent growth in HR+ tumors. Combined analysis of tumor and microenvironmental biomarkers in metastatic biopsies of HT-resistant patients can help refine treatment approaches. SIGNIFICANCE: This study uncovers a previously underappreciated dependency of tumor cells on HR signaling for anchorage-independent growth and highlights how the metastatic microenvironment restores this malignant property of cancer cells during hormone therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugen Dhimolea
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. .,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Ricardo de Matos Simoes
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Dhvanir Kansara
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Xiang Weng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shruti Sharma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Pallavi Awate
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Zhiyi Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts
| | - Dong Gao
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, New York
| | | | - Joseph H Schwab
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yu Chen
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, New York
| | - Rinath Jeselsohn
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Aedín C Culhane
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute & Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Myles Brown
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Irene Georgakoudi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts
| | - Constantine S Mitsiades
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. .,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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2
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Porsch M, Özdemir E, Wisniewski M, Graf S, Bull F, Hoffmann K, Ignatov A, Haybaeck J, Grosse I, Kalinski T, Nass N. Time resolved gene expression analysis during tamoxifen adaption of MCF-7 cells identifies long non-coding RNAs with prognostic impact. RNA Biol 2019; 16:661-674. [PMID: 30760083 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2019.1581597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Acquired tamoxifen resistance is a persistent problem for the treatment of estrogen receptor positive, premenopausal breast cancer patients and predictive biomarkers are still elusive. We here analyzed gene expression changes in a cellular model to identify early and late changes upon tamoxifen exposure and thereby novel prognostic biomarkers. Estrogen receptor positive MCF-7 cells were incubated with 4OH-tamoxifen (10 nM) and gene expression analyzed by array hybridization during 12 weeks. Array results were confirmed by nCounter- and qRT-PCR technique. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed that early responses concerned mainly amine synthesis and NRF2-related signaling and evolved into a stable gene expression pattern within 4 weeks characterized by changes in glucuronidation-, estrogen metabolism-, nuclear receptor- and interferon signaling pathways. As a large number of long non coding RNAs was subject to regulation, we investigated 5 of these (linc01213, linc00632 linc0992, LOC101929547 and XR_133213) in more detail. From these, only linc01213 was upregulated but all were less abundant in estrogen-receptor negative cell lines (MDA-MB 231, SKBR-3 and UACC3199). In a web-based survival analysis linc01213 and linc00632 turned out to have prognostic impact. Linc01213 was investigated further by plasmid-mediated over-expression as well as siRNA down-regulation in MCF-7 cells. Nevertheless, this had no effect on proliferation or expression of tamoxifen regulated genes, but migration was increased. In conclusion, the cellular model identified a set of lincRNAs with prognostic relevance for breast cancer. One of these, linc01213 although regulated by 4OH-tamoxifen, is not a central regulator of tamoxifen adaption, but interferes with the regulation of migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Porsch
- a Insitute of Computer Science , Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg , Halle , Germany.,b Institute of Human Genetics , Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg , Halle , Germany.,c German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany
| | - Esra Özdemir
- d Institute of Pathology, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg , Magdeburg , Germany
| | - Martin Wisniewski
- d Institute of Pathology, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg , Magdeburg , Germany
| | - Sebastian Graf
- a Insitute of Computer Science , Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg , Halle , Germany
| | - Fabian Bull
- a Insitute of Computer Science , Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg , Halle , Germany.,b Institute of Human Genetics , Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg , Halle , Germany.,c German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany
| | - Katrin Hoffmann
- b Institute of Human Genetics , Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg , Halle , Germany
| | - Atanas Ignatov
- e Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg , Magdeburg , Germany
| | - Johannes Haybaeck
- d Institute of Pathology, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg , Magdeburg , Germany.,f Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology , Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine, Medical University of Graz , Graz , Austria.,g Department of Pathology , Medical University of Innsbruck , Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Ivo Grosse
- a Insitute of Computer Science , Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg , Halle , Germany.,c German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany
| | - Thomas Kalinski
- d Institute of Pathology, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg , Magdeburg , Germany
| | - Norbert Nass
- d Institute of Pathology, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg , Magdeburg , Germany
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3
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Sotgia F, Fiorillo M, Lisanti MP. Hallmarks of the cancer cell of origin: Comparisons with "energetic" cancer stem cells (e-CSCs). Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:1065-1068. [PMID: 30760648 PMCID: PMC6382415 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Here, we discuss the expected hallmark(s) of the cancer cell of origin and how this may be related to a new tumor cell phenotype, namely "energetic" cancer stem cells (e-CSCs). e-CSCs show many features that would be characteristic of the cancer cell of origin, including the over-expression of p21-WAF (CDKN1A), a key marker of senescence. It is tempting to speculate that the cancer cell of origin and e-CSCs are closely related entities. e-CSCs possess a hybrid phenotype, sharing key hallmarks of senescence, "stemness" and cancer. e-CSCs are hyper-proliferative and have elevated mitochondrial metabolism, with an NRF2-mediated anti-oxidant response signature, including glutaredoxin (GLRX) and ALDH3A1 over-expression, possibly related to their escape from senescence. Finally, in e-CSCs, BCAS1 (Breast carcinoma-amplified sequence-1) protein expression was up-regulated by >100-fold. BCAS1 is a candidate oncogene associated with "stemness" and aggressive oncogenic behavior, such as Tamoxifen resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Sotgia
- Translational Medicine, School of Environment and Life Sciences, Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University of Salford, Greater Manchester M5 4WT, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Fiorillo
- Translational Medicine, School of Environment and Life Sciences, Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University of Salford, Greater Manchester M5 4WT, United Kingdom
- The Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Calabria, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Michael P. Lisanti
- Translational Medicine, School of Environment and Life Sciences, Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University of Salford, Greater Manchester M5 4WT, United Kingdom
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Mathema VB, Chaijaroenkul W, Na-Bangchang K. Cytotoxic activity and molecular targets of atractylodin in cholangiocarcinoma cells. J Pharm Pharmacol 2018; 71:185-195. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
To evaluate the cytotoxic activity of atractylodin and its potential effects on heme oxygenase (HO)-1 production, STAT1/3 phosporylation and major NF-κB protein expression in the cholangiocarcinoma-associated cell line CL-6.
Methods
Standard MTT assay was used for accessing antiproliferative activity on CL-6 cells. Normal human embryonic fibroblast (OUMS) cell was taken as control cell line. Colony formation and wound healing assay were conducted to access the effects of atractylodin on cell proliferation and directional migration activity of CL-6 cells. Western blot was used for evaluating levels of protein expression and phosphorylation.
Key findings
Atractylodin exhibited selective cytotoxicity towards CL-6 as compared with OUMS with IC50 of 216.8 (212.4-233.8) and 351.2 (345.7-359.5) μm [median (range)], respectively. Exposure to the compound dose-dependently inhibited colony formation ability and decreased wound closure potential of CL-6 cells. Atractylodin treatment suppressed HO-1 production in CL-6 cells. It dose-dependently inhibited STAT1/3 protein phosphorylation and moderately inhibited NF-κB (p50), NF-κB (p52), and NF-κB (p65) protein expression in both dose- and time-dependent manner.
Conclusions
Atractylodin exerts significant cytotoxic activity against CL-6 cells which may be linked to its suppressive effect on HO-1 production, STAT1/3 phosphorylation and expression of key NF-κB proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek B Mathema
- Center of Excellence in Pharmacology and Molecular Biology of Malaria and Cholangiocarcinoma, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Klongluang, Thailand
| | - Wanna Chaijaroenkul
- Center of Excellence in Pharmacology and Molecular Biology of Malaria and Cholangiocarcinoma, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Klongluang, Thailand
| | - Kesara Na-Bangchang
- Center of Excellence in Pharmacology and Molecular Biology of Malaria and Cholangiocarcinoma, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Klongluang, Thailand
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Januchowski R, Sterzyńska K, Zawierucha P, Ruciński M, Świerczewska M, Partyka M, Bednarek-Rajewska K, Brązert M, Nowicki M, Zabel M, Klejewski A. Microarray-based detection and expression analysis of new genes associated with drug resistance in ovarian cancer cell lines. Oncotarget 2017; 8:49944-49958. [PMID: 28611294 PMCID: PMC5564819 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study is to discover a new genes associated with drug resistance development in ovarian cancer. METHODS We used microarray analysis to determine alterations in the level of expression of genes in cisplatin- (CisPt), doxorubicin- (Dox), topotecan- (Top), and paclitaxel- (Pac) resistant variants of W1 and A2780 ovarian cancer cell lines. Immunohistochemistry assay was used to determine protein expression in ovarian cancer patients. RESULTS We observed alterations in the expression of 22 genes that were common to all three cell lines that were resistant to the same cytostatic drug. The level of expression of 13 genes was upregulated and that of nine genes was downregulated. In the CisPt-resistant cell line, we observed downregulated expression of ABCC6, BST2, ERAP2 and MCTP1; in the Pac-resistant cell line, we observe upregulated expression of ABCB1, EPHA7 and RUNDC3B and downregulated expression of LIPG, MCTP1, NSBP1, PCDH9, PTPRK and SEMA3A. The expression levels of three genes, ABCB1, ABCB4 and IFI16, were upregulated in the Dox-resistant cell lines. In the Top-resistant cell lines, we observed increased expression levels of ABCG2, HERC5, IFIH1, MYOT, S100A3, SAMD4A, SPP1 and TGFBI and decreased expression levels of MCTP1 and PTPRK. The expression of EPHA7, IFI16, SPP1 and TGFBI was confirmed at protein level in analyzed ovarian cancer patients.. CONCLUSIONS The expression profiles of the investigated cell lines indicated that new candidate genes are related to the development of resistance to the cytostatic drugs that are used in first- and second-line chemotherapy of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radosław Januchowski
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, 60-781, Poland
| | - Karolina Sterzyńska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, 60-781, Poland
| | - Piotr Zawierucha
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, 60-781, Poland
- Department of Anatomy, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, 60-781, Poland
| | - Marcin Ruciński
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, 60-781, Poland
| | - Monika Świerczewska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, 60-781, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Partyka
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, 60-781, Poland
| | | | - Maciej Brązert
- Division of Infertility and Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecological Oncology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, 60-535, Poland
| | - Michał Nowicki
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, 60-781, Poland
| | - Maciej Zabel
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, 60-781, Poland
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, 50-368, Poland
| | - Andrzej Klejewski
- Department of Nursing, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, 60-179, Poland
- Departament of Obstetrics and Womens Dieseases, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, 60-535, Poland
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6
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FOXC1 is involved in ERα silencing by counteracting GATA3 binding and is implicated in endocrine resistance. Oncogene 2016; 35:5400-5411. [PMID: 27041579 PMCID: PMC5287293 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor-α (ERα) mediates the essential biological function of estrogen in breast development and tumorigenesis. Multiple mechanisms, including pioneer factors, coregulators, and epigenetic modifications have been identified as regulators of ERα signaling in breast cancer. However, previous studies of ERα regulation have focused on luminal and HER2-positive subtypes rather than basal-like breast cancer (BLBC), in which ERα is underexpressed. In addition, mechanisms that account for the decrease or loss of ER expression in recurrent tumors after endocrine therapy remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate a novel FOXC1-driven mechanism that suppresses ERα expression in breast cancer. We find that FOXC1 competes with GATA3 for the same binding regions in the cis-regulatory elements (CREs) upstream of the ERα gene and thereby downregulates ERα expression and consequently its transcriptional activity. The forkhead domain of FOXC1 is essential for the competition with GATA3 for DNA binding. Counteracting the action of GATA3 at the ERα promoter region, overexpression of FOXC1 hinders recruitment of RNA polymerase II and increases histone H3K9 trimethylation at ERα promoters. Importantly, ectopic FOXC1 expression in luminal breast cancer cells reduces sensitivity to estrogen and tamoxifen. Furthermore, in breast cancer patients with ER-positive primary tumors who received adjuvant tamoxifen treatment, FOXC1 expression is associated with decreased or undetectable ER expression in recurrent tumors. Our findings highlight a clinically relevant mechanism that contributes to the low or absent ERα expression in BLBC. This study suggests a new paradigm to study ERα regulation during breast cancer progression and indicates a role of FOXC1 in the modulation of cellular response to endocrine treatment.
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Cottu P, Bièche I, Assayag F, El Botty R, Chateau-Joubert S, Thuleau A, Bagarre T, Albaud B, Rapinat A, Gentien D, de la Grange P, Sibut V, Vacher S, Hatem R, Servely JL, Fontaine JJ, Decaudin D, Pierga JY, Roman-Roman S, Marangoni E. Acquired resistance to endocrine treatments is associated with tumor-specific molecular changes in patient-derived luminal breast cancer xenografts. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20:4314-25. [PMID: 24947930 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-3230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients with luminal breast cancer (LBC) often become endocrine resistant over time. We investigated the molecular changes associated with acquired hormonoresistances in patient-derived xenografts of LBC. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Two LBC xenografts (HBCx22 and HBCx34) were treated with different endocrine treatments (ET) to obtain xenografts with acquired resistances to tamoxifen (TamR) and ovariectomy (OvaR). PI3K pathway activation was analyzed by Western blot analysis and IHC and responses to ET combined to everolimus were investigated in vivo. Gene expression analyses were performed by RT-PCR and Affymetrix arrays. RESULTS HBCx22 TamR xenograft was cross-resistant to several hormonotherapies, whereas HBCx22 OvaR and HBCx34 TamR exhibited a treatment-specific resistance profile. PI3K pathway was similarly activated in parental and resistant xenografts but the addition of everolimus did not restore the response to tamoxifen in TamR xenografts. In contrast, the combination of fulvestrant and everolimus induced tumor regression in vivo in HBCx34 TamR, where we found a cross-talk between the estrogen receptor (ER) and PI3K pathways. Expression of several ER-controlled genes and ER coregulators was significantly changed in both TamR and OvaR tumors, indicating impaired ER transcriptional activity. Expression changes associated with hormonoresistance were both tumor and treatment specific and were enriched for genes involved in cell growth, cell death, and cell survival. CONCLUSIONS PDX models of LBC with acquired resistance to endocrine therapies show a great diversity of resistance phenotype, associated with specific deregulations of ER-mediated gene transcription. These models offer a tool for developing anticancer therapies and to investigate the dynamics of resistance emerging during pharmacologic interventions. Clin Cancer Res; 20(16); 4314-25. ©2014 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Cottu
- Departments of Medical Oncology and Laboratory of Preclinical Investigation, Translational Research Department
| | | | - Franck Assayag
- Laboratory of Preclinical Investigation, Translational Research Department
| | - Rania El Botty
- Laboratory of Preclinical Investigation, Translational Research Department
| | | | - Aurélie Thuleau
- Laboratory of Preclinical Investigation, Translational Research Department
| | - Thomas Bagarre
- Laboratory of Preclinical Investigation, Translational Research Department
| | - Benoit Albaud
- Affymetrix Platform, Translational Research Department
| | | | - David Gentien
- Affymetrix Platform, Translational Research Department
| | | | - Vonick Sibut
- Bioinformatics Unit, Inserm U900 Mines ParisTech
| | | | | | - Jean-Luc Servely
- INRA, Phase Department; Pathology Department, National Veterinary School of Alfort, Maisons Alfort, France
| | | | - Didier Decaudin
- Departments of Medical Oncology and Laboratory of Preclinical Investigation, Translational Research Department
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8
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Shah MA, Khanin R, Tang L, Janjigian YY, Klimstra DS, Gerdes H, Kelsen DP. Molecular classification of gastric cancer: a new paradigm. Clin Cancer Res 2011; 17:2693-701. [PMID: 21430069 PMCID: PMC3100216 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-10-2203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Gastric cancer may be subdivided into 3 distinct subtypes--proximal, diffuse, and distal gastric cancer--based on histopathologic and anatomic criteria. Each subtype is associated with unique epidemiology. Our aim is to test the hypothesis that these distinct gastric cancer subtypes may also be distinguished by gene expression analysis. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Patients with localized gastric adenocarcinoma being screened for a phase II preoperative clinical trial (National Cancer Institute, NCI #5917) underwent endoscopic biopsy for fresh tumor procurement. Four to 6 targeted biopsies of the primary tumor were obtained. Macrodissection was carried out to ensure more than 80% carcinoma in the sample. HG-U133A GeneChip (Affymetrix) was used for cDNA expression analysis, and all arrays were processed and analyzed using the Bioconductor R-package. RESULTS Between November 2003 and January 2006, 57 patients were screened to identify 36 patients with localized gastric cancer who had adequate RNA for expression analysis. Using supervised analysis, we built a classifier to distinguish the 3 gastric cancer subtypes, successfully classifying each into tightly grouped clusters. Leave-one-out cross-validation error was 0.14, suggesting that more than 85% of samples were classified correctly. Gene set analysis with the false discovery rate set at 0.25 identified several pathways that were differentially regulated when comparing each gastric cancer subtype to adjacent normal stomach. CONCLUSIONS Subtypes of gastric cancer that have epidemiologic and histologic distinctions are also distinguished by gene expression data. These preliminary data suggest a new classification of gastric cancer with implications for improving our understanding of disease biology and identification of unique molecular drivers for each gastric cancer subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish A Shah
- Department of Medicine, Gastrointestinal Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
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Ahn BY, Elwi AN, Lee B, Trinh DLN, Klimowicz AC, Yau A, Chan JA, Magliocco A, Kim SW. Genetic screen identifies insulin-like growth factor binding protein 5 as a modulator of tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer. Cancer Res 2010; 70:3013-9. [PMID: 20354179 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-3108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tamoxifen resistance is one of the overarching challenges in the treatment of patients with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer. Through a genome-wide RNA interference screen to discover genes responsible for tamoxifen resistance in vitro, we identified insulin-like growth factor binding protein 5 (IGFBP5) as a determinant of drug sensitivity. Specific knockdown of IGFBP5 by retroviral infection with short hairpin RNA-expressing cassette in MCF7 human breast cancer cells (pRS-shIGFBP5) conferred tamoxifen resistance in vitro due to concomitant loss of ERalpha expression and signaling. IGFBP5 expression was also reduced in MCF7 cells selected for tamoxifen resistance in culture (TAMR). Both tamoxifen-resistant MCF7-TAMR and MCF7-pRS-shIGFBP5 cells could be resensitized to drug by treatment with exogenous recombinant IGFBP5 (rIGFBP5) protein. Treatment with rIGFBP5 protein in mouse tumor xenografts reversed the in vivo tamoxifen resistance of MCF7-pRS-shIGFBP5 cell-derived tumors by reducing tumor cell proliferation. IGFBP5 immunohistochemical staining in a cohort of 153 breast cancer patients showed that low IGFBP5 expression was associated with shorter overall survival after tamoxifen therapy. Thus, IGFBP5 warrants investigation as an agent to reverse tamoxifen resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Young Ahn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Laboratory Medicine, Clark H Smith Brain Tumour Centre, and Southern Alberta Cancer Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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10
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Hammer S, Sommer A, Fichtner I, Becker M, Rolff J, Merk J, Klar U, Hoffmann J. Comparative profiling of the novel epothilone, sagopilone, in xenografts derived from primary non-small cell lung cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2010; 16:1452-65. [PMID: 20179216 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-09-2455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Characterization of new anticancer drugs in a few xenograft models derived from established human cancer cell lines frequently results in the discrepancy between preclinical and clinical results. To take the heterogeneity of tumors into consideration more thoroughly, we describe here a preclinical approach that may allow a more rational clinical development of new anticancer drugs. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We tested Sagopilone, an optimized fully synthetic epothilone, in 22 well-characterized patient-derived non-small cell lung cancer models and correlated results with mutational and genome-wide gene expression analysis. RESULTS Response analysis according to clinical trial criteria revealed that Sagopilone induced overall responses in 64% of the xenograft models (14 of 22), with 3 models showing stable disease and 11 models showing partial response. A comparison with response rates for established drugs showed the strong efficacy of Sagopilone in non-small cell lung cancer. In gene expression analyses, Sagopilone induced tubulin isoforms in all tumor samples, but genes related to mitotic arrest only in responder models. Moreover, tumors with high expression of genes involved in cell adhesion/angiogenesis as well as of wild-type TP53 were more likely to be resistant to Sagopilone therapy. As suggested by these findings, Sagopilone was combined with Bevacizumab and Sorafenib, drugs targeting vascular endothelial growth factor signaling, in Sagopilone-resistant models and, indeed, antitumor activity could be restored. CONCLUSION Analyses provided here show how preclinical studies can provide hypotheses for the identification of patients who more likely will benefit from new drugs as well as a rationale for combination therapies to be tested in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Hammer
- Bayer Schering Pharma AG, Global Drug Discovery, Berlin, Germany.
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11
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Wang J, Wen S, Symmans WF, Pusztai L, Coombes KR. The bimodality index: a criterion for discovering and ranking bimodal signatures from cancer gene expression profiling data. Cancer Inform 2009; 7:199-216. [PMID: 19718451 PMCID: PMC2730180 DOI: 10.4137/cin.s2846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Motivation Identifying genes with bimodal expression patterns from large-scale expression profiling data is an important analytical task. Model-based clustering is popular for this purpose. That technique commonly uses the Bayesian information criterion (BIC) for model selection. In practice, however, BIC appears to be overly sensitive and may lead to the identification of bimodally expressed genes that are unreliable or not clinically useful. We propose using a novel criterion, the bimodality index, not only to identify but also to rank meaningful and reliable bimodal patterns. The bimodality index can be computed using either a mixture model-based algorithm or Markov chain Monte Carlo techniques. Results We carried out simulation studies and applied the method to real data from a cancer gene expression profiling study. Our findings suggest that BIC behaves like a lax cutoff based on the bimodality index, and that the bimodality index provides an objective measure to identify and rank meaningful and reliable bimodal patterns from large-scale gene expression datasets. R code to compute the bimodality index is included in the ClassDiscovery package of the Object-Oriented Microarray and Proteomic Analysis (OOMPA) suite available at the web site http;//bioinformatics.mdanderson.org/Software/OOMPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA.
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Schild-Hay LJ, Leil TA, Divi RL, Olivero OA, Weston A, Poirier MC. Tamoxifen induces expression of immune response-related genes in cultured normal human mammary epithelial cells. Cancer Res 2009; 69:1150-5. [PMID: 19155303 PMCID: PMC2633418 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-2806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Use of tamoxifen is associated with a 50% reduction in breast cancer incidence and an increase in endometrial cancer incidence. Here, we documented tamoxifen-induced gene expression changes in cultured normal human mammary epithelial cells (strains 5, 16, and 40), established from tissue taken at reduction mammoplasty from three individuals. Cells exposed to 0, 10, or 50 micromol/L of tamoxifen for 48 hours were evaluated for (E)-alpha-(deoxyguanosine-N(2)-yl)-tamoxifen (dG-N(2)-TAM) adduct formation using TAM-DNA (DNA modified with dG-N(2)-TAM) chemiluminescence immunoassay, gene expression changes using National Cancer Institute DNA-oligonucleotide microarray, and real-time PCR. At 48 hours, cells exposed to 10 and 50 micromol/L of tamoxifen were 85.6% and 48.4% viable, respectively, and there were no measurable dG-N(2)-TAM adducts. For microarrays, cells were exposed to 10 micromol/L of tamoxifen and genes with expression changes of >3-fold were as follows: 13 genes up-regulated and 1 down-regulated for strain 16; 17 genes up-regulated for strain 5, and 11 genes up-regulated for strain 40. Interferon-inducible genes (IFITM1, IFIT1, MXI, and GIP3), and a potassium ion channel (KCNJ1) were up-regulated in all three strains. No significant expression changes were found for genes related to estrogen or xenobiotic metabolism. Real-time PCR revealed the up-regulation of IFNA1 and confirmed the tamoxifen-induced up-regulation of the five other genes identified by microarray, with the exception of GIP3 and MX1, which were not up-regulated in strain 40. Induction of IFN-related genes in the three normal human mammary epithelial cell strains suggests that, in addition to hormonal effects, tamoxifen exposure may enhance immune response in normal breast tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Schild-Hay
- Carcinogen-DNA Interactions Section, LCBG, CCR, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4255, USA
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Rhee DK, Park SH, Jang YK. Molecular signatures associated with transformation and progression to breast cancer in the isogenic MCF10 model. Genomics 2008; 92:419-28. [PMID: 18804527 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2008.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2008] [Revised: 06/26/2008] [Accepted: 08/06/2008] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Comparative microarray analyses provided insight into understanding transcript changes during cancer progression; however, a reproducible signature underlying breast carcinogenesis has yet to be little available. We utilized gene expression profiling to define molecular signatures associated with transformation and cancer progression in a series of isogenic human breast cancer cell lines including a normal, benign, noninvasive and invasive carcinoma. Clustering analysis revealed four distinct expression patterns based on upregulation or downregulation patterns. These profiles proved quite useful for describing breast cancer tumorigenesis and invasiveness. Downregulation of TNFSF7, S100A4, S100A7, S100A8, and S100A9 (calcium-binding protein family), and upregulation of kallikrein-5 and thrombospondin-1 were associated with transformation and progression of breast cancer cells. Importantly, downregulation of the genes was reversed by treatment with silencing inhibitors, implying the potential roles of epigenetic inactivation in breast carcinogenesis. Exogenous expressions of S100A8 and S100A9 inhibit growth in benign and noninvasive carcinoma cells, suggesting their negative role in cell proliferation. The data presented here may facilitate the identification and functional analyses of prognostic biomarkers for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Keun Rhee
- Department of Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
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Wang W, Nishioka Y, Ozaki S, Jalili A, Verma VK, Hanibuchi M, Abe S, Minakuchi K, Matsumoto T, Sone S. Chimeric and humanized anti-HM1.24 antibodies mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity against lung cancer cells. Lung Cancer 2008; 63:23-31. [PMID: 18524412 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2008.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2007] [Revised: 04/02/2008] [Accepted: 04/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
HM1.24 antigen (CD317) was originally identified as a cell surface protein that is preferentially overexpressed on multiple myeloma cells. Immunotherapy using anti-HM1.24 antibody has been performed in patients with multiple myeloma as a phase I study. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-tumor activity of mouse-human chimeric and humanized anti-HM1.24 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against lung cancer cells in vitro. Human peripheral blood lymphocytes and monocytes separated from mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were used as effector cells. Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) of chimeric and humanized anti-HM1.24 mAbs against lung cancer cells were determined by chromium-release assay. In some experiments, target or effector cells were pretreated with various cytokines. Chimeric and humanized anti-HM1.24 mAbs effectively induced ADCC against lung cancer cells mediated more efficiently by lymphocytes than monocytes. The cytotoxic activity correlated with the level of HM1.24 expression on lung cancer cells. Natural killer cells were identified as the major effector cells in ADCC mediated by the anti-HM1.24 mAb. The treatment of lymphocytes or monocytes with IL-2, IL-12, IL-15, M-CSF, or IFN-gamma significantly increased the ADCC activity. Moreover, the culture of lung cancer cells with IFN-beta or IFN-gamma augmented their susceptibility to ADCC and CDC. PBMCs from patients with lung cancer induced a level of ADCC comparable to that induced by PBMCs from healthy donors. Chimeric or humanized anti-HM1.24 mAbs have potential as a new therapeutic tool in lung cancer, and in combination with interleukins and interferons, could be useful for enhancing ADCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine and Molecular Therapeutics, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
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