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Lin W, Lin Y, Chao H, Lin Y, Hwang W. Haematopoietic cell-derived exosomes in cancer development and therapeutics: From basic science to clinical practice. Clin Transl Med 2023; 13:e1448. [PMID: 37830387 PMCID: PMC10571015 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tumour microenvironment (TME) is a specialised niche involving intercellular communication among cancer cells and various host cells. Among the host cells, the quantity and quality of immune cells within the TME play essential roles in cancer development and management. The immunologically suppressive, so-called 'cold' TME established by a series of tumour-host interactions, including generating immunosuppressive cytokines and recruiting regulatory host immune cells, is associated with resistance to therapies and worse clinical outcomes. MAIN BODY Various therapeutic approaches have been used to target the cold TME, including immune checkpoint blockade therapy and adoptive T-cell transfer. A promising, less explored therapeutic strategy involves targeting TME-associated exosomes. Exosomes are nanometer-sized, extracellular vesicles that transfer material from donor to recipient cells. These particles can reprogram the recipient cells and modulate the TME. In particular, exosomes from haematopoietic cells are known to promote or suppress cancer progression under specific conditions. Understanding the effects of haematopoietic cell-secreted exosomes may foster the development of therapeutic exosomes (tExos) for personalised cancer treatment. However, the development of exosome-based therapies has unique challenges, including scalable production, purification, storage and delivery of exosomes and controlling batch variations. Clinical trials are being conducted to verify the safety, feasibility, availability and efficacy of tExos. CONCLUSION This review summarises our understanding of how haematopoietic cell-secreted exosomes regulate the TME and antitumour immunity and highlights present challenges and solutions for haematopoietic cell-derived exosome-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen‐Chun Lin
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in MedicineNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - You‐Tong Lin
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in MedicineNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Hui‐Ching Chao
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in MedicineNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Yen‐Yu Lin
- Department of Pathology, Fu Jen Catholic University HospitalFu Jen Catholic UniversityNew Taipei CityTaiwan
- School of Medicine, College of MedicineFu Jen Catholic UniversityNew Taipei CityTaiwan
| | - Wei‐Lun Hwang
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in MedicineNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Cancer and Immunology Research CenterNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
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2
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Mwirigi J, Kume M, Hassler SN, Ahmad A, Ray PR, Jiang C, Chamessian A, Mseeh N, Ludwig BP, Rivera BD, Nieman MT, Van de Ven T, Ji RR, Dussor G, Boitano S, Vagner J, Price TJ. A Role for Protease Activated Receptor Type 3 (PAR3) in Nociception Demonstrated Through Development of a Novel Peptide Agonist. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2021; 22:692-706. [PMID: 33429107 PMCID: PMC8197731 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2020.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The protease activated receptor (PAR) family is a group of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) activated by proteolytic cleavage of the extracellular domain. PARs are expressed in a variety of cell types with crucial roles in homeostasis, immune responses, inflammation, and pain. PAR3 is the least researched of the four PARs, with little known about its expression and function. We sought to better understand its potential function in the peripheral sensory nervous system. Mouse single-cell RNA sequencing data demonstrates that PAR3 is widely expressed in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Co-expression of PAR3 mRNA with other PARs was identified in various DRG neuron subpopulations, consistent with its proposed role as a coreceptor of other PARs. We developed a lipid tethered PAR3 agonist, C660, that selectively activates PAR3 by eliciting a Ca2+ response in DRG and trigeminal neurons. In vivo, C660 induces mechanical hypersensitivity and facial grimacing in WT but not PAR3-/- mice. We characterized other nociceptive phenotypes in PAR3-/- mice and found a loss of hyperalgesic priming in response to IL-6, carrageenan, and a PAR2 agonist, suggesting that PAR3 contributes to long-lasting nociceptor plasticity in some contexts. To examine the potential role of PAR3 in regulating the activity of other PARs in sensory neurons, we administered PAR1, PAR2, and PAR4 agonists and assessed mechanical and affective pain behaviors in WT and PAR3-/- mice. We observed that the nociceptive effects of PAR1 agonists were potentiated in the absence of PAR3. Our findings suggest a complex role of PAR3 in the physiology and plasticity of nociceptors. PERSPECTIVE: We evaluated the role of PAR3, a G-protein coupled receptor, in nociception by developing a selective peptide agonist. Our findings suggest that PAR3 contributes to nociception in various contexts and plays a role in modulating the activity of other PARs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliet Mwirigi
- University of Texas at Dallas, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, Richardson, Texas
| | - Moeno Kume
- University of Texas at Dallas, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, Richardson, Texas
| | - Shayne N Hassler
- University of Texas at Dallas, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, Richardson, Texas
| | - Ayesha Ahmad
- University of Texas at Dallas, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, Richardson, Texas
| | - Pradipta R Ray
- University of Texas at Dallas, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, Richardson, Texas
| | - Changyu Jiang
- Duke University School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, and Cancer Biology, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Alexander Chamessian
- Duke University School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, and Cancer Biology, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Nakleh Mseeh
- University of Texas at Dallas, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, Richardson, Texas
| | - Breya P Ludwig
- University of Texas at Dallas, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, Richardson, Texas
| | - Benjamin D Rivera
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Marvin T Nieman
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Thomas Van de Ven
- Duke University School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, and Cancer Biology, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Ru-Rong Ji
- Duke University School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, and Cancer Biology, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Gregory Dussor
- University of Texas at Dallas, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, Richardson, Texas
| | - Scott Boitano
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Josef Vagner
- University of Arizona, Bio5 Research Institute, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Theodore J Price
- University of Texas at Dallas, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, Richardson, Texas.
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3
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Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is an aggressive childhood mesenchymal tumor with two major molecular and histopathologic subtypes: fusion-positive (FP)RMS, characterized by the PAX3-FOXO1 fusion protein and largely of alveolar histology, and fusion-negative (FN)RMS, the majority of which exhibit embryonal tumor histology. Metastatic disease continues to be associated with poor overall survival despite intensive treatment strategies. Studies on RMS biology have provided some insight into autocrine as well as paracrine signaling pathways that contribute to invasion and metastatic propensity. Such pathways include those driven by the PAX3-FOXO1 fusion oncoprotein in FPRMS and signaling pathways such as IGF/RAS/MEK/ERK, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, cMET, FGFR4, and PDGFR in both FP and FNRMS. In addition, specific cytoskeletal proteins, G protein coupled receptors, Hedgehog, Notch, Wnt, Hippo, and p53 pathways play a role, as do specific microRNA. Paracrine factors, including secreted proteins and RMS-derived exosomes that carry cargo of protein and miRNA, have also recently emerged as potentially important players in RMS biology. This review summarizes the known factors contributing to RMS invasion and metastasis and their implications on identifying targets for treatment and a better understanding of metastatic RMS.
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4
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Wysoczynski M, Pathan A, Moore JB, Farid T, Kim J, Nasr M, Kang Y, Li H, Bolli R. Pro-Angiogenic Actions of CMC-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Rely on Selective Packaging of Angiopoietin 1 and 2, but Not FGF-2 and VEGF. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2020; 15:530-542. [PMID: 31102187 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-019-09891-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
While the fundamental mechanism by which cardiac cell therapy mitigates ventricular dysfunction in the post ischemic heart remains poorly defined, donor cell paracrine signaling is presumed to be a chief contributor to the afforded benefits. Of the many bioactive molecules secreted by transplanted cells, extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their proteinaceous, nucleic acid, and lipid rich contents, comprise a heterogeneous assortment of prospective cardiotrophic factors-whose involvement in the activation of endogenous cardiac repair mechanism(s), including reducing fibrosis and promoting angiogenesis, have yet to be fully explained. In the current study we aimed to interrogate potential mechanisms by which cardiac mesenchymal stromal cell (CMC)-derived EVs contribute to the CMC pro-angiogenic paracrine signaling capacity in vitro. Vesicular transmission and biological activity of human CMC-derived EVs was evaluated in in vitro assays for human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) function, including EV uptake, cell survival, migration, tube formation, and intracellular pathway activation. HUVECs incubated with EVs exhibited augmented cell migration, tube formation, and survival under peroxide exposure; findings which paralleled enhanced activation of the archetypal pro-survival/pro-angiogenic pathways, STAT3 and PI3K-AKT. Cytokine array analyses revealed preferential enrichment of a subset of prototypical angiogenic factors, Ang-1 and Ang-2, in CMC EVs. Interestingly, pharmacologic inhibition of Tie2 in HUVECs, the cognate receptors of angiopoietins, efficiently attenuated CMC-EV-induced HUVEC migration. Further, in additional assays a Tie2 kinase inhibitor exhibited specificity to inhibit Ang-1-, but not Ang-2-, induced HUVEC migration. Overall, these findings suggest that the pro-angiogenic activities of CMC EVs are principally mediated by Ang-1-Tie2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Wysoczynski
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.
- University of Louisville, 580 South Preston St. - Rm 119F, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
| | - Asif Pathan
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Joseph B Moore
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Talha Farid
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Jae Kim
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Marjan Nasr
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Yi Kang
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Hong Li
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Roberto Bolli
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.
- University of Louisville, 550 S Jackson St.- ACB, Third Floor, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA.
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5
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Heinhuis KM, In ’t Veld SGJG, Dwarshuis G, van den Broek D, Sol N, Best MG, van Coevorden F, Haas RL, Beijnen JH, van Houdt WJ, Würdinger T, Steeghs N. RNA-Sequencing of Tumor-Educated Platelets, a Novel Biomarker for Blood-Based Sarcoma Diagnostics. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061372. [PMID: 32471035 PMCID: PMC7352477 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcoma is a heterogeneous group of rare malignancies arising from mesenchymal tissues. Recurrence rates are high and methods for early detection by blood-based biomarkers do not exist. Hence, development of blood-based liquid biopsies as disease recurrence monitoring biomarkers would be an important step forward. Recently, it has been shown that tumor-educated platelets (TEPs) harbor specific spliced ribonucleic acid(RNA)-profiles. These RNA-repertoires are potentially applicable for cancer diagnostics. We aim to evaluate the potential of TEPs for blood-based diagnostics of sarcoma patients. Fifty-seven sarcoma patients (active disease), 38 former sarcoma patients (cancer free for ≥3 years) and 65 healthy donors were included. RNA was isolated from platelets and sequenced. Quantified read counts were processed with self-learning particle-swarm optimization-enhanced thromboSeq analysis and subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) statistics. Highly correlating spliced platelet messenger RNAs (mRNAs) of sarcoma patients were compared to controls (former sarcoma + healthy donors) to identify a quantitative sarcoma-specific signature measure, the TEP-score. ANOVA analysis identified distinctive platelet RNA expression patterns of 2647 genes (false discovery rate <0.05) in sarcoma patients as compared to controls. The self-learning algorithm reached a diagnostic accuracy of 87% (validation set only; n = 53 samples, area under the curve (AUC): 0.93, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.86–1). Our data indicates that TEP RNA-based liquid biopsies may enable for sarcoma diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley M. Heinhuis
- Department of Medical Oncology and Clinical Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Sjors G. J. G. In ’t Veld
- Department of Neurosurgery, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands (G.D.); (M.G.B.)
- Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Govert Dwarshuis
- Department of Neurosurgery, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands (G.D.); (M.G.B.)
- Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Daan van den Broek
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Nik Sol
- Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Myron G. Best
- Department of Neurosurgery, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands (G.D.); (M.G.B.)
- Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frits van Coevorden
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (F.v.C.); (W.J.v.H.)
| | - Rick L. Haas
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Jos H. Beijnen
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Winan J. van Houdt
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (F.v.C.); (W.J.v.H.)
| | - Tom Würdinger
- Department of Neurosurgery, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands (G.D.); (M.G.B.)
- Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Correspondence: (T.W.); (N.S.); Tel.: +31-204447909 (T.W.); +31-205122446 (N.S.)
| | - Neeltje Steeghs
- Department of Medical Oncology and Clinical Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Correspondence: (T.W.); (N.S.); Tel.: +31-204447909 (T.W.); +31-205122446 (N.S.)
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6
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Loss of TDP43 inhibits progression of triple-negative breast cancer in coordination with SRSF3. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E3426-E3435. [PMID: 29581274 PMCID: PMC5899436 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1714573115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant alternative splicing has been highlighted as a potential hallmark of cancer. Here, we identify TDP43 (TAR DNA-binding protein 43) as an important splicing regulator responsible for the unique splicing profile in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Clinical data demonstrate that TDP43 is highly expressed in TNBC with poor prognosis. Knockdown of TDP43 inhibits tumor progression, including proliferation and metastasis, and overexpression of TDP43 promotes proliferation and malignancy of mammary epithelial cells. Deep sequencing analysis and functional experiments indicate that TDP43 alters most splicing events with splicing factor SRSF3 (serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 3), in the regulation of TNBC progression. The TDP43/SRSF3 complex controls specific splicing events, including downstream genes PAR3 and NUMB The effect of reduced metastasis and proliferation upon the knockdown of TDP43 or SRSF3 is mediated by the splicing regulation of PAR3 and NUMB exon 12, respectively. The TDP43/SRSF3 complex and downstream PAR3 isoform are potential therapeutic targets for TNBC.
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7
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Ebrahimi S, Rahmani F, Behnam-Rassouli R, Hoseinkhani F, Parizadeh MR, Keramati MR, Khazaie M, Avan A, Hassanian SM. Proinflammatory signaling functions of thrombin in cancer. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:2323-2329. [PMID: 28004386 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Thrombin-induced activation of protease-activated receptors (PARs) represents a link between inflammation and cancer. Proinflammatory signaling functions of thrombin are associated with several inflammatory diseases including neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, and of special interest in this review cancer. Thrombin-induced inflammatory responses up-regulates expression of cytokines, adhesion molecules, angiogenic factors, and matrix-degrading proteases that facilitate tumor cells proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the mechanisms of thrombin-mediated proinflammatory responses in cancer pathology for a better understanding and hence a better management of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safieh Ebrahimi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farzad Rahmani
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Hoseinkhani
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Parizadeh
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Keramati
- Cancer Molecular Pathology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Khazaie
- Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Molecular Medicine Group, Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Microanatomy Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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8
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Ratajczak MZ, Suszynska M, Kucia M. Does it make sense to target one tumor cell chemotactic factor or its receptor when several chemotactic axes are involved in metastasis of the same cancer? Clin Transl Med 2016; 5:28. [PMID: 27510263 PMCID: PMC4980325 DOI: 10.1186/s40169-016-0113-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The major problem with cancer progression and anti-cancer therapy is the inherent ability of cancer cells to migrate and establish distant metastases. This ability to metastasize correlates with the presence in a growing tumor of cells with a more malignant phenotype, which express certain cancer stem cell markers. The propensity of malignant cells to migrate and their resistance to radio-chemotherapy somewhat mimics the properties of normal developmentally early stem cells that migrate during organogenesis in the developing embryo. In the past, several factors, including cell migration-promoting cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, bioactive lipids, extracellular nucleotides, and even H(+) ions, were found to influence the metastasis of cancer cells. This plethora of pro-migratory factors demonstrates the existence of significant redundancy in the chemoattractants for cancer cells. In spite of this obvious fact, significant research effort has been dedicated to demonstrating the crucial involvement of particular pro-metastatic factor-receptor axes and the development of new drugs targeting one receptor or one chemoattractant. Based on our own experience working with a model of metastatic rhabdomyosarcoma as well as the work of others, in this review we conclude that targeting a single receptor-ligand pro-metastatic axis will not effectively prevent metastasis and that we should seek other more effective therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Z Ratajczak
- Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, 500 S. Floyd Street, Rm. 107, Louisville, KY 40202, USA. .,Department of Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Malwina Suszynska
- Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, 500 S. Floyd Street, Rm. 107, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.,Department of Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magda Kucia
- Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, 500 S. Floyd Street, Rm. 107, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.,Department of Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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9
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Schneider G, Sellers ZP, Ratajczak MZ. Induction of a Tumor-Metastasis-Receptive Microenvironment as an Unwanted Side Effect After Radio/Chemotherapy and In Vitro and In Vivo Assays to Study this Phenomenon. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1516:347-360. [PMID: 27032941 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2016_323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Besides surgical removal of tumor tissue, chemotherapy and radiotherapy are the most important and efficient treatment modalities employed to treat therapy-susceptible malignancies. The main aim of this treatment-to destroy tumor cells-is unfortunately usually associated with toxicity to nontumor cells and different degrees of tissue and organ damage. In damaged tissues several chemoattractants are upregulated and released that may attract tumor cells. Moreover, highly migratory radio/chemotherapy treatment may endow cells with several properties of cancer stem cells which survive and respond to these chemoattractants upregulated in collateral tissues. Based on this, one of the unwanted and underappreciated side effects of chemotherapy or radiotherapy is the creation of a metastasis-receptive microenvironment in bones as well as in other organs of the body. Herein we describe methods and assays that can be employed to study migratory properties of cancer cells in in vitro (chemotaxis) and in vivo (seeding efficiency assay) conditions in response to the induction of pro-metastatic microenvironments in various organs and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Schneider
- Stem Cell Institute at the James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, 500 S. Floyd Street, Rm. 103, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
| | - Zachariah Payne Sellers
- Stem Cell Institute at the James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, 500 S. Floyd Street, Rm. 104, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Mariusz Z Ratajczak
- Stem Cell Institute at the James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, 500 S. Floyd Street, Rm. 107, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
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10
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Tudpor K, van der Eerden BCJ, Jongwattanapisan P, Roelofs JJTH, van Leeuwen JPTM, Bindels RJM, Hoenderop JGJ. Thrombin receptor deficiency leads to a high bone mass phenotype by decreasing the RANKL/OPG ratio. Bone 2015; 72:14-22. [PMID: 25460576 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 10/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Thrombin and its receptor (TR) are, respectively, expressed in osteoclasts and osteoblasts. However, their physiological roles on bone metabolism have not been fully elucidated. Here we investigated the bone microarchitecture by micro-computed tomography (μCT) and demonstrated increased trabecular and cortical bone mass in femurs of TR KO mice compared to WT littermates. Trabecular thickness and connectivity were significantly enhanced. The physiological role of TR on both inorganic and organic phases of bone is illustrated by a significant increase in BMD and a decrease in urinary deoxypyridinoline (DPD) crosslink concentration in TR KO mice. Moreover, TR KO cortical bone expanded and had a higher polar moment of inertia (J), implying stronger bone. Bone histomorphometry illustrated unaltered osteoblast and osteoclast number and surface in femoral metaphyses, indicating that thrombin/TR regulates osteoblasts and osteoclasts at functional levels. Serum analysis showed a decrease in RANKL and an increase in osteoprotegerin (OPG) levels and reflected a reduced RANKL/OPG ratio in the TR KO group. In vitro experiments using MC3T3 pre-osteoblasts demonstrated a TR-dependent stimulatory effect of thrombin on the RANKL/OPG ratio. This effect was blocked by TR antagonist and p42/p44-ERK inhibitor. In addition, thrombin also intensified p42/p44-ERK expression and phosphorylation. In conclusion, the thrombin/TR system maintains normal bone remodeling by activating RANKL and limiting OPG synthesis by osteoblasts through the p42/44-ERK signaling pathway. Consequently, TR deficiency inhibits osteoclastogenesis, resulting in a high bone mass phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kukiat Tudpor
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | | | - Prapaporn Jongwattanapisan
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Joris J T H Roelofs
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - René J M Bindels
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Joost G J Hoenderop
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, The Netherlands.
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11
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Perspectives: Interplay Between Melanoma Regulated Fibrin and Receptor Mediated Adhesion Under Shear Flow. Cell Mol Bioeng 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12195-014-0369-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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12
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Kim SD, Lee YJ, Baik JS, Han JY, Lee CG, Heo K, Park YS, Kim JS, Ji HD, Park SI, Rhee MH, Yang K. Baicalein inhibits agonist- and tumor cell-induced platelet aggregation while suppressing pulmonary tumor metastasis via cAMP-mediated VASP phosphorylation along with impaired MAPKs and PI3K-Akt activation. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 92:251-65. [PMID: 25268843 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the importance of platelet activation in cancer metastasis has become generally accepted. As a result, the development of new platelet inhibitors with minimal adverse effects is now a promising area of targeted cancer therapy. Baicalein is a functional ingredient derived from the root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, a plant used intraditional medicine. The pharmacological effects of this compound including anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities have already been demonstrated. However, its effects on platelet activation are unknown. We therefore investigated the effects of baicalein on ligand-induced platelet aggregation and pulmonary cancer metastasis. In the present study, baicalein inhibited agonist-induced platelet aggregation, granule secretion markers (P-selectin expression and ATP release), [Ca(2+)]i mobilization, and integrin αIIbβ3 expression. Additionally, baicalein attenuated ERK2, p38, and Akt activation, and enhanced VASP phosphorylation. Indeed, baicalein was shown to directly inhibit PI3K kinase activity. Moreover, baicalein attenuated the platelet aggregation induced by C6 rat glioma tumor cells in vitro and suppressed CT26 colon cancer metastasis in mice. These features indicate that baicalein is a potential therapeutic drug for the prevention of cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Dae Kim
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Busan 619-953, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ji Lee
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Busan 619-953, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Sue Baik
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Busan 619-953, Republic of Korea
| | - Joeng Yoon Han
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Busan 619-953, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Geun Lee
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Busan 619-953, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Heo
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Busan 619-953, Republic of Korea
| | - You Soo Park
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Busan 619-953, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong Sun Kim
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Busan 619-953, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Dong Ji
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology and Cell Signaling, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Il Park
- Cardiovascular Product Evaluation Center, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Man Hee Rhee
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology and Cell Signaling, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kwangmo Yang
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Busan 619-953, Republic of Korea; Department of Radiation Oncology, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Busan 619-953, Republic of Korea; Department of Radiaton Oncology, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 139-706, Republic of Korea.
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Beach A, Zhang HG, Ratajczak MZ, Kakar SS. Exosomes: an overview of biogenesis, composition and role in ovarian cancer. J Ovarian Res 2014; 7:14. [PMID: 24460816 PMCID: PMC3932023 DOI: 10.1186/1757-2215-7-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are tiny membrane-bound vesicles that are over produced by most proliferating cell types during normal and pathological states. Their levels are up-regulated during pregnancy and disease states such as cancer. Exosomes contain a wide variety of proteins, lipids, RNAs, non-transcribed RNAs, microRNAs and small RNAs that are representative to their cellular origin and shuttle from a donor cell to a recipient cell. From intercellular communication to tumor proliferation, exosomes carry out a diverse range of functions, both helpful and harmful. Useful as biomarkers, exosomes may be applicable in diagnostic assessments as well as cell-free anti-tumor vaccines. Exosomes of ovarian cancer contain different set of proteins and miRNAs compared to exosomes of normal, cancer-free individuals. These molecules may be used as multiple “barcode” for the development of a diagnostic tool for early detection of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sham S Kakar
- Department of Medicine, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
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Proteinase-activated receptors differentially modulate in vitro invasion of human pancreatic adenocarcinoma PANC-1 cells in correlation with changes in the expression of CDC42 protein. Pancreas 2014; 43:103-8. [PMID: 23921961 PMCID: PMC3843996 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0b013e31829f0b81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Proteinase-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) and PAR-2 have been associated with increased invasiveness and metastasis in human malignancies. The role of PAR-3 has been less investigated. We examined the role of PARs in a human pancreatic adenocarcinoma PANC-1 cell line phenotype in vitro. METHODS We knocked down PAR-1, PAR-2, or PAR-3, whereas empty vector-infected cells served as controls. Specific peptide agonists of PARs were used to stimulate the receptors. In vitro assays of colony formation, migration, and invasion were used to characterize the phenotypes, and Western analysis was used to follow cell division control protein 42 homolog (CDC42) expression. RESULTS PAR-1 and PAR-2 knockdowns (KDs) were markedly less, whereas PAR-3 KDs were robustly more migratory and invasive than the controls. Stimulation of PAR-1 or PAR-2 by their peptide agonists increased, whereas PAR-3 agonist reduced the invasion of the control cells. Knockdowns of all three PARs exhibited changes in the expression of CDC42, which correlated with the changes in their invasion. Conversely, stimulation of vector-control cells with PAR-1 or PAR-2 agonists enhanced, whereas PAR-3 agonist reduced the expression of CDC42. In the respective KD cells, the effects of the agonists were abrogated. CONCLUSION The expression and/or activation of PARs is linked to the invasiveness of PANC-1 cells in vitro, probably via modulation of the expression of CDC42.
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Ratajczak MZ, Jadczyk T, Schneider G, Kakar SS, Kucia M. Induction of a tumor-metastasis-receptive microenvironment as an unwanted and underestimated side effect of treatment by chemotherapy or radiotherapy. J Ovarian Res 2013; 6:95. [PMID: 24373588 PMCID: PMC3880975 DOI: 10.1186/1757-2215-6-95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There are well-known side effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy that are mainly related to the toxicity and impaired function of vital organs; however, the induction by these therapies of expression of several pro-metastatic factors in various tissues and organs that in toto create a pro-metastatic microenvironment is still, surprisingly, not widely acknowledged. In this review, we support the novel concept that toxic damage in various organs leads to upregulation in “bystander” tissues of several factors such as chemokines, growth factors, alarmines, and bioactive phosphosphingolipids, which attract circulating normal stem cells for regeneration but unfortunately also provide chemotactic signals to cancer cells that survived the initial treatment. We propose that this mechanism plays an important role in the metastasis of cancer cells to organs such as bones, lungs, and liver, which are highly susceptible to chemotherapeutic agents as well as ionizing irradiation. This problem indicates the need to develop efficient anti-metastatic drugs that will work in combination with, or follow, standard therapies in order to prevent the possibility of therapy-induced spread of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Z Ratajczak
- Stem Cell Institute at the James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, 500 S, Floyd Street, Rm, 107, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
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16
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Pathologies at the nexus of blood coagulation and inflammation: thrombin in hemostasis, cancer, and beyond. J Mol Med (Berl) 2013; 91:1257-71. [PMID: 23955016 PMCID: PMC3825489 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-013-1074-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Thrombin is the protease involved in blood coagulation. Its deregulation can lead to hemostatic abnormalities, which range from subtle subclinical to serious life-threatening coagulopathies, i.e., during septicemia. Additionally, thrombin plays important roles in many (patho)physiological conditions that reach far beyond its well-established role in stemming blood loss and thrombosis, including embryonic development and angiogenesis but also extending to inflammatory processes, complement activation, and even tumor biology. In this review, we will address thrombin's broad roles in diverse (patho)physiological processes in an integrative way. We will also discuss thrombin as an emerging major target for novel therapies.
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Armeanu-Ebinger S, Herrmann D, Bonin M, Leuschner I, Warmann SW, Fuchs J, Seitz G. Differential expression of miRNAs in rhabdomyosarcoma and malignant rhabdoid tumor. Exp Cell Res 2012; 318:2567-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2012.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Revised: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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18
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Effects of Extended-Release Dipyridamole In Vitro on Thrombin Indices Measured by Calibrated Automated Thrombography in Poststroke Survivors. Am J Ther 2012; 19:407-12. [DOI: 10.1097/mjt.0b013e318209e021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which represent the largest gene family in the human genome, play a crucial role in multiple physiological functions as well as in tumor growth and metastasis. For instance, various molecules like hormones, lipids, peptides and neurotransmitters exert their biological effects by binding to these seven-transmembrane receptors coupled to heterotrimeric G-proteins, which are highly specialized transducers able to modulate diverse signaling pathways. Furthermore, numerous responses mediated by GPCRs are not dependent on a single biochemical route, but result from the integration of an intricate network of transduction cascades involved in many physiological activities and tumor development. This review highlights the emerging information on the various responses mediated by a selected choice of GPCRs and the molecular mechanisms by which these receptors exert a primary action in cancer progression. These findings provide a broad overview on the biological activity elicited by GPCRs in tumor cells and contribute to the identification of novel pharmacological approaches for cancer patients.
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Kluft C, Burggraaf J. Introduction to haemostasis from a pharmacodynamic perspective. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2012; 72:538-46. [PMID: 21342216 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2011.03946.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Biochemical characterization of the haemostatic system has advanced significantly in the past decades. Sub-systems, such as coagulation, fibrinolysis, blood cells and platelets and the vessel wall have been studied by specialists, mostly separately and independently. The time has come to integrate the approaches, and, in particular, to develop tests to document the state of the whole system and to have available adequate pharmacodynamic tests to evaluate treatments. Many examples are available to show that traditional general methods of clotting and lysis do not provide the information that is desired. The present tendency is to use specific methods for specific factors or effects which are very limited in pharmacological information. There is also increasing awareness of the occurrence of rather broad interindividual variability in the haemostatic system. This suggests that individually tailored treatments are required. This is the more relevant since haemostasis is a balance and treatment should be positioned between efficacy and safety. The conclusion is reached that there is a need for integrated or global methods or sets of methods that reflect the complexity and individual status appropriately and allow the practitioner to judge the effects of interventions and their individual aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelis Kluft
- Centre of Human Drug Research, Zernikedreef 10, 2333 CL, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Rosenkranz AC, Rauch BH, Doller A, Eberhardt W, Böhm A, Bretschneider E, Schrör K. Regulation of human vascular protease-activated receptor-3 through mRNA stabilization and the transcription factor nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT). Mol Pharmacol 2011; 80:337-44. [PMID: 21596928 DOI: 10.1124/mol.111.072850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombin promotes vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation and inflammation via protease-activated receptor (PAR)-1. A further thrombin receptor, PAR-3, acts as a PAR-1 cofactor in some cell-types. Unlike PAR-1, PAR-3 is dynamically regulated at the mRNA level in thrombin-stimulated SMC. This study investigated the mechanisms controlling PAR-3 expression. In human vascular SMC, PAR-3 siRNA attenuated thrombin-stimulated interleukin-6 expression and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 phosphorylation, indicating PAR-3 contributes to net thrombin responses in these cells. Thrombin slowed the decay of PAR-3 but not PAR-1 mRNA in the presence of actinomycin D and induced cytosolic shuttling and PAR-3 mRNA binding of the mRNA-stabilizing protein human antigen R (HuR). HuR siRNA prevented thrombin-induced PAR-3 expression. By contrast, forskolin inhibited HuR shuttling and destabilized PAR-3 mRNA, thus reducing PAR-3 mRNA and protein expression. Other cAMP-elevating agents, including the prostacyclin-mimetic iloprost, also down-regulated PAR-3, accompanied by decreased HuR/PAR-3 mRNA binding. Iloprost-induced suppression of PAR-3 was reversed with a myristoylated inhibitor of protein kinase A and mimicked by phorbol ester, an inducer of cyclooxygenase-2. In separate studies, iloprost attenuated PAR-3 promoter activity and prevented binding of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT2) to the human PAR-3 promoter in a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Accordingly, PAR-3 expression was suppressed by the NFAT inhibitor cyclosporine A or NFAT2 siRNA. Thus human PAR-3, unlike PAR-1, is regulated post-transcriptionally via the mRNA-stabilizing factor HuR, whereas transcriptional control involves NFAT2. Through modulation of PAR-3 expression, prostacyclin and NFAT inhibitors may limit proliferative and inflammatory responses to thrombin after vessel injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke C Rosenkranz
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, Klinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Tarnowski M, Grymula K, Liu R, Tarnowska J, Drukala J, Ratajczak J, Mitchell RA, Ratajczak MZ, Kucia M. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor is secreted by rhabdomyosarcoma cells, modulates tumor metastasis by binding to CXCR4 and CXCR7 receptors and inhibits recruitment of cancer-associated fibroblasts. Mol Cancer Res 2010; 85:472-83. [PMID: 20861157 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.2010.01531.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The overexpression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) has been observed in many tumors and is implicated in oncogenic transformation and tumor progression. MIF activates CXCR2 and CD74 receptors and, as recently reported, may also bind to the stromal-derived factor-1 (SDF-1)-binding receptor CXCR4. Here, we report that human rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) cell lines secrete MIF and that this chemokine (a) induces phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p42/44 and AKT, (b) stimulates RMS cell adhesion, (c) enhances tumor vascularization, but surprisingly (d) decreases recruitment of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF). Because RMS cells used in our studies do not express CXCR2 and CD74 receptors, the biological effects of MIF on RMS cells depend on its interaction with CXCR4, and as we report here for the first time, MIF may also engage another SDF-1-binding receptor (CXCR7) as well. Interestingly, downregulation of MIF in RMS cells inoculated into immunodeficient mice led to formation of larger tumors that displayed higher stromal cell support. Based on these observations, we postulate that MIF is an important autocrine/paracrine factor that stimulates both CXCR4 and CXCR7 receptors to enhance the adhesiveness of RMS cells. We also envision that when locally secreted by a growing tumor, MIF prevents responsiveness of RMS to chemoattractants secreted outside the growing tumor (e.g., SDF-1) and thereby prevents release of cells into the circulation. On the other hand, despite its obvious proangiopoietic effects, MIF inhibits in CXCR2/CD74-dependent manner recruitment of CAFs to the growing tumor. Our data indicate that therapeutic inhibition of MIF in RMS may accelerate metastasis and tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Tarnowski
- Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
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Tarnowski M, Grymula K, Liu R, Tarnowska J, Drukala J, Ratajczak J, Mitchell RA, Ratajczak MZ, Kucia M. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor is secreted by rhabdomyosarcoma cells, modulates tumor metastasis by binding to CXCR4 and CXCR7 receptors and inhibits recruitment of cancer-associated fibroblasts. Mol Cancer Res 2010; 8:1328-43. [PMID: 20861157 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-10-0288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The overexpression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) has been observed in many tumors and is implicated in oncogenic transformation and tumor progression. MIF activates CXCR2 and CD74 receptors and, as recently reported, may also bind to the stromal-derived factor-1 (SDF-1)-binding receptor CXCR4. Here, we report that human rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) cell lines secrete MIF and that this chemokine (a) induces phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p42/44 and AKT, (b) stimulates RMS cell adhesion, (c) enhances tumor vascularization, but surprisingly (d) decreases recruitment of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF). Because RMS cells used in our studies do not express CXCR2 and CD74 receptors, the biological effects of MIF on RMS cells depend on its interaction with CXCR4, and as we report here for the first time, MIF may also engage another SDF-1-binding receptor (CXCR7) as well. Interestingly, downregulation of MIF in RMS cells inoculated into immunodeficient mice led to formation of larger tumors that displayed higher stromal cell support. Based on these observations, we postulate that MIF is an important autocrine/paracrine factor that stimulates both CXCR4 and CXCR7 receptors to enhance the adhesiveness of RMS cells. We also envision that when locally secreted by a growing tumor, MIF prevents responsiveness of RMS to chemoattractants secreted outside the growing tumor (e.g., SDF-1) and thereby prevents release of cells into the circulation. On the other hand, despite its obvious proangiopoietic effects, MIF inhibits in CXCR2/CD74-dependent manner recruitment of CAFs to the growing tumor. Our data indicate that therapeutic inhibition of MIF in RMS may accelerate metastasis and tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Tarnowski
- Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
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