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Rashed N, Liu W, Zhou X, Bode AM, Luo X. The role of circadian gene CLOCK in cancer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119782. [PMID: 38871225 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2024.119782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Circadian Locomotor Output Cycles Kaput (CLOCK) is one of the circadian clock genes and is considered to be a fundamental regulatory gene in the circadian rhythm, responsible for mediating several biological processes. Therefore, abnormal expression of CLOCK affects its role in the circadian clock and its more general function as a direct regulator of gene expression. This dysfunction can lead to severe pathological effects, including cancer. To better understand the role of CLOCK in cancer, we compiled this review to describe the biological function of CLOCK, and especially highlighted its function in cancer development, progression, tumor microenvironment, cancer cell metabolism, and drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasot Rashed
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oncotarget Gene, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China; NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oncotarget Gene, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China; Department of Pathology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China
| | - Xinran Zhou
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oncotarget Gene, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China; NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China
| | - Ann M Bode
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN 55912, USA
| | - Xiangjian Luo
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oncotarget Gene, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China; NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biological Nanotechnology of National Health Commission, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China.
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2
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Xue Q, Wang R, Zhu-Ge R, Guo L. Research progresses on the effects of heavy metals on the circadian clock system. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2023; 0:reveh-2022-0104. [PMID: 37572029 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2022-0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollution with heavy metals is widespread, thus increasing attention has been paid to their toxic effects. Recent studies have suggested that heavy metals may influence the expression of circadian clock genes. Almost all organs and tissues exhibit circadian rhythms. The normal circadian rhythm of an organism is maintained by the central and peripheral circadian clock. Thus, circadian rhythm disorders perturb normal physiological processes. Here, we review the effects of heavy metals, including manganese, copper, cadmium, and lead, on four core circadian clock genes, i.e., ARNTL, CLOCK, PER, and CRY genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xue
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ruijian Zhu-Ge
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Li Guo
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
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3
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Delbès AS, Quiñones M, Gobet C, Castel J, Denis RGP, Berthelet J, Weger BD, Challet E, Charpagne A, Metairon S, Piccand J, Kraus M, Rohde BH, Bial J, Wilson EM, Vedin LL, Minniti ME, Pedrelli M, Parini P, Gachon F, Luquet S. Mice with humanized livers reveal the role of hepatocyte clocks in rhythmic behavior. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf2982. [PMID: 37196091 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf2982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The synchronization of circadian clock depends on a central pacemaker located in the suprachiasmatic nuclei. However, the potential feedback of peripheral signals on the central clock remains poorly characterized. To explore whether peripheral organ circadian clocks may affect the central pacemaker, we used a chimeric model in which mouse hepatocytes were replaced by human hepatocytes. Liver humanization led to reprogrammed diurnal gene expression and advanced the phase of the liver circadian clock that extended to muscle and the entire rhythmic physiology. Similar to clock-deficient mice, liver-humanized mice shifted their rhythmic physiology more rapidly to the light phase under day feeding. Our results indicate that hepatocyte clocks can affect the central pacemaker and offer potential perspectives to apprehend pathologies associated with altered circadian physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sophie Delbès
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Paris, France
| | - Mar Quiñones
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Paris, France
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cédric Gobet
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Julien Castel
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Paris, France
| | - Raphaël G P Denis
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Paris, France
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Paris 75014, France
| | - Jérémy Berthelet
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unité Epigenetique et Destin Cellulaire, Paris F-75013, France
| | - Benjamin D Weger
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Etienne Challet
- Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, CNRS and University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Aline Charpagne
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sylviane Metairon
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julie Piccand
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marine Kraus
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bettina H Rohde
- Eurofins Genomics Europe Sequencing GmbH, European Genome and Diagnostics Centre, Konstanz, Germany
| | | | | | - Lise-Lotte Vedin
- Cardio Metabolic Unit, Department of Medicine and department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Mirko E Minniti
- Cardio Metabolic Unit, Department of Medicine and department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Matteo Pedrelli
- Cardio Metabolic Unit, Department of Medicine and department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
- Medical Unit Endocrinology, Theme Inflammation and Ageing, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paolo Parini
- Cardio Metabolic Unit, Department of Medicine and department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
- Medical Unit Endocrinology, Theme Inflammation and Ageing, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Frédéric Gachon
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Serge Luquet
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Paris, France
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4
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Fortin BM, Mahieu AL, Fellows RC, Pannunzio NR, Masri S. Circadian clocks in health and disease: Dissecting the roles of the biological pacemaker in cancer. F1000Res 2023; 12:116. [PMID: 39282509 PMCID: PMC11399774 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.128716.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
In modern society, there is a growing population affected by circadian clock disruption through night shift work, artificial light-at-night exposure, and erratic eating patterns. Concurrently, the rate of cancer incidence in individuals under the age of 50 is increasing at an alarming rate, and though the precise risk factors remain undefined, the potential links between circadian clock deregulation and young-onset cancers is compelling. To explore the complex biological functions of the clock, this review will first provide a framework for the mammalian circadian clock in regulating critical cellular processes including cell cycle control, DNA damage response, DNA repair, and immunity under conditions of physiological homeostasis. Additionally, this review will deconvolute the role of the circadian clock in cancer, citing divergent evidence suggesting tissue-specific roles of the biological pacemaker in cancer types such as breast, lung, colorectal, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Recent evidence has emerged regarding the role of the clock in the intestinal epithelium, as well as new insights into how genetic and environmental disruption of the clock is linked with colorectal cancer, and the molecular underpinnings of these findings will be discussed. To place these findings within a context and framework that can be applied towards human health, a focus on how the circadian clock can be leveraged for cancer prevention and chronomedicine-based therapies will be outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget M Fortin
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, 92697, USA
| | - Alisa L Mahieu
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, 92697, USA
| | - Rachel C Fellows
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, 92697, USA
| | - Nicholas R Pannunzio
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, 92697, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, 92697, USA
| | - Selma Masri
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, 92697, USA
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5
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Miro C, Docimo A, Barrea L, Verde L, Cernea S, Sojat AS, Marina LV, Docimo G, Colao A, Dentice M, Muscogiuri G. "Time" for obesity-related cancer: The role of the circadian rhythm in cancer pathogenesis and treatment. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 91:99-109. [PMID: 36893964 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
The circadian rhythm is regulated by an intrinsic time-tracking system, composed both of a central and a peripheral clock, which influences the cycles of activities and sleep of an individual over 24 h. At the molecular level, the circadian rhythm begins when two basic helix-loop-helix/Per-ARNT-SIM (bHLH-PAS) proteins, BMAL-1 and CLOCK, interact with each other to produce BMAL-1/CLOCK heterodimers in the cytoplasm. The BMAL-1/CLOCK target genes encode for the repressor components of the clock, cryptochrome (Cry1 and Cry2) and the Period proteins (Per1, Per2 and Per3). It has been recently demonstrated that the disruption of circadian rhythm is associated with an increased risk of developing obesity and obesity-related diseases. In addition, it has been demonstrated that the disruption of the circadian rhythm plays a key role in tumorigenesis. Further, an association between the circadian rhythm disruptions and an increased incidence and progression of several types of cancer (e.g., breast, prostate, colorectal and thyroid cancer) has been found. As the perturbation of circadian rhythm has adverse metabolic consequences (e.g., obesity) and at the same time tumor promoter functions, this manuscript has the aim to report how the aberrant circadian rhythms affect the development and prognosis of different types of obesity-related cancers (breast, prostate, colon rectal and thyroid cancer) focusing on both human studies and on molecular aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Miro
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Docimo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia ed Andrologia, Università Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Barrea
- Dipartimento di Scienze Umanistiche, Università Telematica Pegaso, 80143 Naples, Italy
| | - Ludovica Verde
- Department of Public Health, University of Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Cernea
- George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mures/Internal Medicine I, Târgu Mureş, Romania; Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Outpatient Unit, Emergency County Clinical Hospital, Târgu Mureş, Romania
| | - Antoan Stefan Sojat
- National Centre for Infertility and Endocrinology of Gender, Clinic for Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Serbia
| | - Ljiljana V Marina
- National Centre for Infertility and Endocrinology of Gender, Clinic for Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Serbia
| | - Giovanni Docimo
- Department of Medical and Advanced Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia ed Andrologia, Università Federico II, Naples, Italy; UNESCO Chair "Education for Health and Sustainable Development", University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Monica Dentice
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Muscogiuri
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia ed Andrologia, Università Federico II, Naples, Italy; UNESCO Chair "Education for Health and Sustainable Development", University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
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6
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Niu Y, Tang S. Circadian clock-mediated nuclear receptors in cancer. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:4428-4442. [PMID: 36250982 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Circadian system coordinates the daily periodicity of physiological and biochemical functions to adapt to environmental changes. Circadian disruption has been identified to increase the risk of cancer and promote cancer progression, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. And further mechanistic understanding of the crosstalk between clock components and cancer is urgent to achieve clinical anticancer benefits from chronochemotherapy. Recent studies discover that several nuclear receptors regulating circadian clock, also play crucial roles in mediating multiple cancer processes. In this review, we aim to summarize the latest developments of clock-related nuclear receptors in cancer biology and dissect mechanistic insights into how nuclear receptors coordinate with circadian clock to regulate tumorigenesis and cancer treatment. A better understanding of circadian clock-related nuclear receptors in cancer could help prevent tumorigenesis and improve anticancer efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Niu
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuang Tang
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai, China
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7
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Zhen Y, Chen Y, Ge L, Wei W, Wang Y, Hu L, Loor JJ, Wang M, Yin J. The Short-Day Cycle Induces Intestinal Epithelial Purine Metabolism Imbalance and Hepatic Disfunctions in Antibiotic-Mediated Gut Microbiota Perturbation Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116008. [PMID: 35682688 PMCID: PMC9181120 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal microbiota dysbiosis is related to many metabolic diseases in human health. Meanwhile, as an irregular environmental light–dark (LD) cycle, short day (SD) may induce host circadian rhythm disturbances and worsen the risks of gut dysbiosis. Herein, we investigated how LD cycles regulate intestinal metabolism upon the destruction of gut microbes with antibiotic treatments. The growth indices, serum parameters, concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and relative abundance of intestinal microbes were measured after euthanasia; intestinal contents, epithelial metabolomics, and hepatic transcriptome sequencing were also assessed. Compared with a normal LD cycle (NLD), SD increased the body weight, spleen weight, and serum concentration of aspartate aminotransferase, while it decreased high-density lipoprotein. Meanwhile, SD increased the relative abundance of the Bacteroidetes phylum while it decreased the Firmicutes phylum in the gut of ABX mice, thus leading to a disorder of SCFA metabolism. Metabolomics data revealed that SD exposure altered gut microbial metabolism in ABX mice, which also displayed more serious alterations in the gut epithelium. In addition, most differentially expressed metabolites were decreased, especially the purine metabolism pathway in epithelial tissue. This response was mainly due to the down-regulation of adenine, inosine, deoxyguanosine, adenylsuccinic acid, hypoxanthine, GDP, IMP, GMP, and AMP. Finally, the transcriptome data also indicated that SD has some negative effects on hepatic metabolism and endocrine, digestive, and disease processes. Overall, SD induced an epithelial and hepatic purine metabolism pathway imbalance in ABX mice, as well as the gut microbes and their metabolites, all of which could contribute to host metabolism and digestion, endocrine system disorders, and may even cause diseases in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongkang Zhen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (L.G.); (W.W.); (Y.W.); (L.H.)
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Yifei Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (L.G.); (W.W.); (Y.W.); (L.H.)
| | - Ling Ge
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (L.G.); (W.W.); (Y.W.); (L.H.)
| | - Wenjun Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (L.G.); (W.W.); (Y.W.); (L.H.)
| | - Yusu Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (L.G.); (W.W.); (Y.W.); (L.H.)
| | - Liangyu Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (L.G.); (W.W.); (Y.W.); (L.H.)
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WD Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Juan J. Loor
- Mammalian Nutrition Physiology Genomics, Department of Animal Sciences, Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;
| | - Mengzhi Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (L.G.); (W.W.); (Y.W.); (L.H.)
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi 832000, China
- Correspondence: (M.W.); (J.Y.)
| | - Junliang Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi 832000, China
- Correspondence: (M.W.); (J.Y.)
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8
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Razi Soofiyani S, Ahangari H, Soleimanian A, Babaei G, Ghasemnejad T, Safavi SE, Eyvazi S, Tarhriz V. The role of circadian genes in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer. Gene 2021; 804:145894. [PMID: 34418469 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most frequent cancer in human beings and is also the major cause of death among the other gastrointestinal cancers. The exact mechanisms of CRC development in most patients remains unclear. So far, several genetically, environmental and epigenetically risk factors have been identified for CRC development. The circadian rhythm is a 24-h rhythm that drives several biologic processes. The circadian system is guided by a central pacemaker which is located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the hypothalamus. Circadian rhythm is regulated by circadian clock genes, cytokines and hormones like melatonin. Disruptions in biological rhythms are known to be strongly associated with several diseases, including cancer. The role of the different circadian genes has been verified in various cancers, however, the pathways of different circadian genes in the pathogenesis of CRC are less investigated. Identification of the details of the pathways in CRC helps researchers to explore new therapies for the malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saiedeh Razi Soofiyani
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Sina Educational, Research and Treatment Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Molecular Medicine Research Center, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Ahangari
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Soleimanian
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ghader Babaei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Tohid Ghasemnejad
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seyed Esmaeil Safavi
- Faculty of Veternary Medicine, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shirin Eyvazi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Biology, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Vahideh Tarhriz
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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9
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Stokes K, Nunes M, Trombley C, Flôres DEFL, Wu G, Taleb Z, Alkhateeb A, Banskota S, Harris C, Love OP, Khan WI, Rueda L, Hogenesch JB, Karpowicz P. The Circadian Clock Gene, Bmal1, Regulates Intestinal Stem Cell Signaling and Represses Tumor Initiation. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 12:1847-1872.e0. [PMID: 34534703 PMCID: PMC8591196 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Circadian rhythms are daily physiological oscillations driven by the circadian clock: a 24-hour transcriptional timekeeper that regulates hormones, inflammation, and metabolism. Circadian rhythms are known to be important for health, but whether their loss contributes to colorectal cancer is not known. We tested the nonredundant clock gene Bmal1 in intestinal homeostasis and tumorigenesis, using the Apcmin model of colorectal cancer. METHODS Bmal1 mutant, epithelium-conditional Bmal1 mutant, and photoperiod (day/night cycle) disrupted mice bearing the Apcmin allele were assessed for tumorigenesis. Tumors and normal nontransformed tissue were characterized. Intestinal organoids were assessed for circadian transcription rhythms by RNA sequencing, and in vivo and organoid assays were used to test Bmal1-dependent proliferation and self-renewal. RESULTS Loss of Bmal1 or circadian photoperiod increases tumor initiation. In the intestinal epithelium the clock regulates transcripts involved in regeneration and intestinal stem cell signaling. Tumors have no self-autonomous clock function and only weak clock function in vivo. Apcmin clock-disrupted tumors show high Yes-associated protein 1 (Hippo signaling) activity but show low Wnt (Wingless and Int-1) activity. Intestinal organoid assays show that loss of Bmal1 increases self-renewal in a Yes-associated protein 1-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS Bmal1 regulates intestinal stem cell pathways, including Hippo signaling, and the loss of circadian rhythms potentiates tumor initiation. Transcript profiling: GEO accession number: GSE157357.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Stokes
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Malika Nunes
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Danilo E F L Flôres
- Division of Human Genetics and Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Gang Wu
- Division of Human Genetics and Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Zainab Taleb
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Suhrid Banskota
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chris Harris
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Oliver P Love
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Waliul I Khan
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Luis Rueda
- School of Computer Science, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - John B Hogenesch
- Division of Human Genetics and Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
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10
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Bazinet A, Heath J, Chong AS, Simo-Cheyou ER, Worme S, Rivera Polo B, Foulkes WD, Caplan S, Johnson NA, Orthwein A, Mercier FE. Common clonal origin of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia and B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia in a patient with a germline CHEK2 variant. Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud 2021; 7:mcs.a006090. [PMID: 33986034 PMCID: PMC8208041 DOI: 10.1101/mcs.a006090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematological malignancies are broadly divided into myeloid and lymphoid neoplasms, reflecting the two major cellular lineages of the hematopoietic system. It is generally rare for hematological malignancies to spontaneously progress with a switch from myeloid to lymphoid lineage. We describe the exceptional case of a patient who sequentially developed myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML), and B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), as well as our investigation into the underlying pathogenesis. Using whole-exome sequencing (WES) performed on sorted CMML and B-ALL cell fractions, we identified both common and unique potential driver mutations, suggesting a branching clonal evolution giving rise to both diseases. Interestingly, we also identified a germline variant in the cancer susceptibility gene CHEK2 We validated that this variant (c.475T > C; p.Y159H), located in the forkhead-associated (FHA) domain, impairs its capacity to bind BRCA1 in cellulo. This unique case provides novel insight into the genetics of complex hematological diseases and highlights the possibility that such patients may carry inherited predispositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Bazinet
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada.,Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - John Heath
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Anne-Sophie Chong
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada.,Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C7, Canada
| | | | - Samantha Worme
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Barbara Rivera Polo
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada.,Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3T2, Canada
| | - William D Foulkes
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada.,Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C7, Canada.,Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3T2, Canada
| | - Stephen Caplan
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Nathalie A Johnson
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada.,Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Alexandre Orthwein
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada.,Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3T2, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - François E Mercier
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada.,Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
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11
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Scarpa JR, Jiang P, Gao VD, Vitaterna MH, Turek FW, Kasarskis A. NREM delta power and AD-relevant tauopathy are associated with shared cortical gene networks. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7797. [PMID: 33833255 PMCID: PMC8032807 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86255-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Reduced NREM sleep in humans is associated with AD neuropathology. Recent work has demonstrated a reduction in NREM sleep in preclinical AD, pointing to its potential utility as an early marker of dementia. We test the hypothesis that reduced NREM delta power and increased tauopathy are associated with shared underlying cortical molecular networks in preclinical AD. We integrate multi-omics data from two extensive public resources, a human Alzheimer's disease cohort from the Mount Sinai Brain Bank (N = 125) reflecting AD progression and a (C57BL/6J × 129S1/SvImJ) F2 mouse population in which NREM delta power was measured (N = 98). Two cortical gene networks, including a CLOCK-dependent circadian network, are associated with NREM delta power and AD tauopathy progression. These networks were validated in independent mouse and human cohorts. Identifying gene networks related to preclinical AD elucidate possible mechanisms associated with the early disease phase and potential targets to alter the disease course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Scarpa
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Peng Jiang
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Biology, Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Vance D Gao
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Biology, Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Martha H Vitaterna
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Biology, Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Fred W Turek
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Biology, Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Andrew Kasarskis
- Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
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12
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Cash E, Sephton S, Woolley C, Elbehi AM, R I A, Ekine-Afolabi B, Kok VC. The role of the circadian clock in cancer hallmark acquisition and immune-based cancer therapeutics. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2021; 40:119. [PMID: 33794967 PMCID: PMC8017624 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-01919-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The circadian system temporally regulates physiology to maintain homeostasis. Co-opting and disrupting circadian signals appear to be distinct attributes that are functionally important for the development of a tumor and can enable or give rise to the hallmarks that tumors use to facilitate their initiation, growth and progression. Because circadian signals are also strong regulators of immune cell proliferation, trafficking and exhaustion states, they play a role in how tumors respond to immune-based cancer therapeutics. While immuno-oncology has heralded a paradigm shift in cancer therapeutics, greater accuracy is needed to increase our capability of predicting who will respond favorably to, or who is likely to experience the troubling adverse effects of, immunotherapy. Insights into circadian signals may further refine our understanding of biological determinants of response and help answer the fundamental question of whether certain perturbations in circadian signals interfere with the activity of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Here we review the body of literature highlighting circadian disruption as a cancer promoter and synthesize the burgeoning evidence suggesting circadian signals play a role in how tumors respond to immune-based anti-cancer therapeutics. The goal is to develop a framework to advance our understanding of the relationships between circadian markers, cancer biology, and immunotherapeutics. Bolstered by this new understanding, these relationships may then be pursued in future clinical studies to improve our ability to predict which patients will respond favorably to, and avoid the adverse effects of, traditional and immune-based cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Cash
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communicative Disorders, University of Louisville School of Medicine, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, 529 S Jackson Street, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
| | - Sandra Sephton
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Cassandra Woolley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Attia M Elbehi
- Department of Oncology, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Anu R I
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, MVR Cancer Center and Research Institute, Kerala, India
| | - Bene Ekine-Afolabi
- ZEAB Therapeutic Ltd, London, UK
- Department of Health, Sport & Bioscience, University of East London, Stratford, UK
| | - Victor C Kok
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kuang Tien General Hospital Cancer Center, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University Taiwan, Taichung, Taiwan
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13
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Li M, Chen Z, Jiang T, Yang X, Du Y, Liang J, Wang L, Xi J, Lin M, Feng M. Circadian rhythm-associated clinical relevance and Tumor Microenvironment of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. J Cancer 2021; 12:2582-2597. [PMID: 33854619 PMCID: PMC8040717 DOI: 10.7150/jca.52454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: We aimed to explore the prognostic implication for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) based on the expression profiles of circadian clock-related genes (CCRGs), and describe the changes of immune infiltration and cell functions of related to the circadian rhythm. Methods: Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression were performed to determine a CCRGs risk-score significantly correlated with overall survival (OS) of the training set and validation set. GO, KEGG, and GSVA indicated discrepant changes in cellular processes and signaling pathways associated with these CCRGs. Immune cell infiltration and mutation rates were investigated by the online analysis platform and the algorithm provided by works of literature. Results: The signature-based on ten-gene signatures could independently predict the OS both in TCGA lung adenocarcinoma (p < 0.001, HR: 1.228, 95% CI: 1.158 to 1.302) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (p < 0.001, HR: 2.501, 95% CI: 2.010 to 3.117), respectively. The circadian oscillations driven by CCRGs could disturb the metabolism and cellular functions of cancer cells. The infiltration level of critical cells in specific anti-tumor immunity process was suppressed apparently. In contrast, the infiltrating of inflammatory cells and immune cells with negative regulatory effects were promoted in the high-risk group. CCRGs were evolutionarily conserved with low mutation rates, which brought difficulties to explore therapeutic targets. Conclusion: We identified and validated a circadian rhythm signature to described clinical relevance and tumor microenvironment of NSCLC, which revealed that circadian rhythms might play an influential role in the NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhencong Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajing Du
- Center for Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqi Liang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjie Xi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingxiang Feng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
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14
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Astone M, Santoro MM. Time to fight: targeting the circadian clock molecular machinery in cancer therapy. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:1164-1184. [PMID: 33549826 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The circadian clock regulates a wide range of molecular pathways and biological processes. The expression of clock genes is often altered in cancer, fostering tumor initiation and progression. Inhibition and activation of core circadian clock genes, as well as treatments that restore circadian rhythmicity, have been successful in counteracting tumor growth in different experimental models. Here, we provide an up-to-date overview of studies that show the therapeutic effects of targeting the clock molecular machinery in cancer, both genetically and pharmacologically. We also highlight future areas for progress that offer a promising path towards innovative anticancer strategies. Substantial limitations in the current understanding of the complex interplay between the circadian clock and cancer in vivo need to be addressed in order to allow clock-targeting therapies in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Astone
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, I-35131, Italy
| | - Massimo M Santoro
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, I-35131, Italy; Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Via Orus 2, 35129 Padova, Italy.
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15
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Indukuri R, Hases L, Archer A, Williams C. Estrogen Receptor Beta Influences the Inflammatory p65 Cistrome in Colon Cancer Cells. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:650625. [PMID: 33859619 PMCID: PMC8042384 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.650625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a primary component of both initiation and promotion of colorectal cancer (CRC). Cytokines secreted by macrophages, including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), activates the pro-survival transcription factor complex NFκB. The precise mechanism of NFκB in CRC is not well studied, but we recently reported the genome-wide transcriptional impact of TNFα in two CRC cell lines. Further, estrogen signaling influences inflammation in a complex manner and suppresses CRC development. CRC protective effects of estrogen have been shown to be mediated by estrogen receptor beta (ERβ, ESR2), which also impacts inflammatory signaling of the colon. However, whether ERβ impacts the chromatin interaction (cistrome) of the main NFκB subunit p65 (RELA) is not known. We used p65 chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (ChIP-Seq) in two different CRC cell lines, HT29 and SW480, with and without expression of ERβ. We here present the p65 colon cistrome of these two CRC cell lines. We identify that RELA and AP1 motifs are predominant in both cell lines, and additionally describe both common and cell line-specific p65 binding sites and correlate these to transcriptional changes related to inflammation, migration, apoptosis and circadian rhythm. Further, we determine that ERβ opposes a major fraction of p65 chromatin binding in HT29 cells, but enhances p65 binding in SW480 cells, thereby impacting the p65 cistrome differently in the two cell lines. However, the biological functions of the regulated genes appear to have similar roles in both cell lines. To our knowledge, this is the first time the p65 CRC cistrome is compared between different cell lines and the first time an influence by ERβ on the p65 cistrome is investigated. Our work provides a mechanistic foundation for a better understanding of how estrogen influences inflammatory signaling through NFκB in CRC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajitha Indukuri
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Linnea Hases
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Amena Archer
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Williams
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Cecilia Williams, ;
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16
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Pehlivanoglu B, Aysal A, Demir Kececi S, Ekmekci S, Erdogdu IH, Ertunc O, Gundogdu B, Kelten Talu C, Sahin Y, Toper MH. A Nobel-Winning Scientist: Aziz Sancar and the Impact of his Work on the Molecular Pathology of Neoplastic Diseases. Turk Patoloji Derg 2021; 37:93-105. [PMID: 33973640 PMCID: PMC10512686 DOI: 10.5146/tjpath.2020.01504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aziz Sancar, Nobel Prize winning Turkish scientist, made several discoveries which had a major impact on molecular sciences, particularly disciplines that focus on carcinogenesis and cancer treatment, including molecular pathology. Cloning the photolyase gene, which was the initial step of his work on DNA repair mechanisms, discovery of the "Maxicell" method, explanation of the mechanism of nucleotide excision repair and transcription-coupled repair, discovery of "molecular matchmakers", and mapping human excision repair genes at single nucleotide resolution constitute his major research topics. Moreover, Sancar discovered the cryptochromes, the clock genes in humans, in 1998, and this discovery led to substantial progress in the understanding of the circadian clock and the introduction of the concept of "chrono-chemoterapy" for more effective therapy in cancer patients. This review focuses on Aziz Sancar's scientific studies and their reflections on molecular pathology of neoplastic diseases. While providing a new perspective for researchers working in the field of pathology and molecular pathology, this review is also an evidence of how basic sciences and clinical sciences complete each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcin Pehlivanoglu
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Dokuz Eylul University, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Anil Aysal
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Dokuz Eylul University, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sibel Demir Kececi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Dokuz Eylul University, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sumeyye Ekmekci
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Dokuz Eylul University, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Halil Erdogdu
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Dokuz Eylul University, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Onur Ertunc
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Dokuz Eylul University, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Betul Gundogdu
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Dokuz Eylul University, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Canan Kelten Talu
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Dokuz Eylul University, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Sahin
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Dokuz Eylul University, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Hasan Toper
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Dokuz Eylul University, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Izmir, Turkey
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17
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Abstract
Circadian rhythms govern a large array of physiological and metabolic functions. Perturbations of the daily cycle have been linked to elevated risk of developing cancer as well as poor prognosis in patients with cancer. Also, expression of core clock genes or proteins is remarkably attenuated particularly in tumours of a higher stage or that are more aggressive, possibly linking the circadian clock to cellular differentiation. Emerging evidence indicates that metabolic control by the circadian clock underpins specific hallmarks of cancer metabolism. Indeed, to support cell proliferation and biomass production, the clock may direct metabolic processes of cancer cells in concert with non-clock transcription factors to control how nutrients and metabolites are utilized in a time-specific manner. We hypothesize that the metabolic switch between differentiation or stemness of cancer may be coupled to the molecular clockwork. Moreover, circadian rhythms of host organisms appear to dictate tumour growth and proliferation. This Review outlines recent discoveries of the interplay between circadian rhythms, proliferative metabolism and cancer, highlighting potential opportunities in the development of future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichiro Kinouchi
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, U1233 INSERM, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nephrology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Paolo Sassone-Corsi
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, U1233 INSERM, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
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18
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Rajendran S, Barbon S, Pucciarelli S. Spotlight on Circadian Genes and Colorectal Cancer Crosstalk. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2020; 21:4-11. [PMID: 32579510 DOI: 10.2174/1871530320666200624192517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian physiology is regulated by circadian clock through oscillating feedback loops controlling cellular processes and behaviors. Recent findings have led to an interesting connection between circadian disruption and colorectal cancer progression and incidence through controlling the hallmarks of cancer, namely cell cycle, cell metabolism and cell death. Deeper understanding of the circadian mechanisms that define the colorectal cancer pathophysiology is the need of the hour to define a chronotherapy for improving colorectal cancer patient survival. This review identifies the key areas in which circadian genes interact with cellular pathways to modify the outcome with respect to colorectal cancer incidence and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Barbon
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Salvatore Pucciarelli
- Department of Surgery Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
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19
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Parasram K, Karpowicz P. Time after time: circadian clock regulation of intestinal stem cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:1267-1288. [PMID: 31586240 PMCID: PMC11105114 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03323-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Daily fluctuations in animal physiology, known as circadian rhythms, are orchestrated by a conserved molecular timekeeper, known as the circadian clock. The circadian clock forms a transcription-translation feedback loop that has emerged as a central biological regulator of many 24-h processes. Early studies of the intestine discovered that many digestive functions have a daily rhythm and that intestinal cell production was similarly time-dependent. As genetic methods in model organisms have become available, it has become apparent that the circadian clock regulates many basic cellular functions, including growth, proliferation, and differentiation, as well as cell signalling and stem cell self-renewal. Recent connections between circadian rhythms and immune system function, and between circadian rhythms and microbiome dynamics, have also been revealed in the intestine. These processes are highly relevant in understanding intestinal stem cell biology. Here we describe the circadian clock regulation of intestinal stem cells primarily in two model organisms: Drosophila melanogaster and mice. Like all cells in the body, intestinal stem cells are subject to circadian timing, and both cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic circadian processes contribute to their function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathyani Parasram
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Phillip Karpowicz
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada.
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20
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Keshvari M, Nejadtaghi M, Hosseini-Beheshti F, Rastqar A, Patel N. Exploring the role of circadian clock gene and association with cancer pathophysiology. Chronobiol Int 2019; 37:151-175. [PMID: 31791146 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2019.1681440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Most of the processes that occur in the mind and body follow natural rhythms. Those with a cycle length of about one day are called circadian rhythms. These rhythms are driven by a system of self-sustained clocks and are entrained by environmental cues such as light-dark cycles as well as food intake. In mammals, the circadian clock system is hierarchically organized such that the master clock in the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus integrates environmental information and synchronizes the phase of oscillators in peripheral tissues.The circadian system is responsible for regulating a variety of physiological and behavioral processes, including feeding behavior and energy metabolism. Studies revealed that the circadian clock system consists primarily of a set of clock genes. Several genes control the biological clock, including BMAL1, CLOCK (positive regulators), CRY1, CRY2, PER1, PER2, and PER3 (negative regulators) as indicators of the peripheral clock.Circadian has increasingly become an important area of medical research, with hundreds of studies pointing to the body's internal clocks as a factor in both health and disease. Thousands of biochemical processes from sleep and wakefulness to DNA repair are scheduled and dictated by these internal clocks. Cancer is an example of health problems where chronotherapy can be used to improve outcomes and deliver a higher quality of care to patients.In this article, we will discuss knowledge about molecular mechanisms of the circadian clock and the role of clocks in physiology and pathophysiology of concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahtab Keshvari
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Mahdieh Nejadtaghi
- Department of Medical Genetics, faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ali Rastqar
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Niraj Patel
- Centre de Recherche CERVO, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
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21
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Wu Y, Tao B, Zhang T, Fan Y, Mao R. Pan-Cancer Analysis Reveals Disrupted Circadian Clock Associates With T Cell Exhaustion. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2451. [PMID: 31708917 PMCID: PMC6821711 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although dysfunctional circadian clock has emerged as a hallmark of cancer, fundamental gaps remain in our understanding of the underlying mechanisms involved. Here, we systematically analyze the core genes of the circadian clock (CLOCK, ARNTL, ARNTL2, NPAS2, NR1D1, NR1D2, CRY1, CRY2, RORA, RORB, RORC, PER1, PER2, and PER3) across a broad range of cancers. To our surprise, core negative regulators (PER1, PER2, PER3, CRY1, and CRY2) are consistently downregulated, while core positive regulators show minimal alterations, indicating disrupted circadian clock in cancers. Such downregulation originates from copy number variations where heterozygous deletion predominates. The disrupted circadian clock is significantly associated with patient outcome. Further pathway enrichment analysis suggests that the circadian clock widely impacts 45 pathways such as the Ras signaling pathway and T cell receptor signaling pathway. By using state-of-the-art immune cell deconvolution and pathway quantification, we demonstrate that abnormal circadian clock contributes to T cell exhaustion and global upregulation of immune inhibitory molecules such as PD-L1 and CTLA-4. In summary, the rhythm of the circadian clock is disrupted in cancers. Abnormal circadian clock linked with immune evasion may serve as a potential hallmark of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingcheng Wu
- Laboratory of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Baorui Tao
- Laboratory of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tianyang Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yihui Fan
- Laboratory of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Renfang Mao
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Jiangsu, China
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22
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The Cancer Clock Is (Not) Ticking: Links between Circadian Rhythms and Cancer. Clocks Sleep 2019; 1:435-458. [PMID: 33089179 PMCID: PMC7445810 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep1040034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms regulate many physiological and behavioral processes, including sleep, metabolism and cell division, which have a 24-h oscillation pattern. Rhythmicity is generated by a transcriptional–translational feedback loop in individual cells, which are synchronized by the central pacemaker in the brain and external cues. Epidemiological and clinical studies indicate that disruption of these rhythms can increase both tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Environmental changes (shift work, jet lag, exposure to light at night), mutations in circadian regulating genes, and changes to clock gene expression are recognized forms of disruption and are associated with cancer risk and/or cancer progression. Experimental data in animals and cell cultures further supports the role of the cellular circadian clock in coordinating cell division and DNA repair, and disrupted cellular clocks accelerate cancer cell growth. This review will summarize studies linking circadian disruption to cancer biology and explore how such disruptions may be further altered by common characteristics of tumors including hypoxia and acidosis. We will highlight how circadian rhythms might be exploited for cancer drug development, including how delivery of current chemotherapies may be enhanced using chronotherapy. Understanding the role of circadian rhythms in carcinogenesis and tumor progression will enable us to better understand causes of cancer and how to treat them.
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23
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Voigt RM, Forsyth CB, Keshavarzian A. Circadian rhythms: a regulator of gastrointestinal health and dysfunction. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 13:411-424. [PMID: 30874451 PMCID: PMC6533073 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2019.1595588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms regulate much of gastrointestinal physiology including cell proliferation, motility, digestion, absorption, and electrolyte balance. Disruption of circadian rhythms can have adverse consequences including the promotion of and/or exacerbation of a wide variety of gastrointestinal disorders and diseases. Areas covered: In this review, we evaluate some of the many gastrointestinal functions that are regulated by circadian rhythms and how dysregulation of these functions may contribute to disease. This review also discusses some common gastrointestinal disorders that are known to be influenced by circadian rhythms as well as speculation about the mechanisms by which circadian rhythm disruption promotes dysfunction and disease pathogenesis. We discuss how knowledge of circadian rhythms and the advent of chrono-nutrition, chrono-pharmacology, and chrono-therapeutics might influence clinical practice. Expert opinion: As our knowledge of circadian biology increases, it may be possible to incorporate strategies that take advantage of circadian rhythms and chronotherapy to prevent and/or treat disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin M Voigt
- Rush Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Christopher B Forsyth
- Rush Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ali Keshavarzian
- Rush Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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24
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Adeola HA, Papagerakis S, Papagerakis P. Systems Biology Approaches and Precision Oral Health: A Circadian Clock Perspective. Front Physiol 2019; 10:399. [PMID: 31040792 PMCID: PMC6476986 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A vast majority of the pathophysiological and metabolic processes in humans are temporally controlled by a master circadian clock located centrally in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus of the brain, as well as by specialized peripheral oscillators located in other body tissues. This circadian clock system generates a rhythmical diurnal transcriptional-translational cycle in clock genes and protein expression and activities regulating numerous downstream target genes. Clock genes as key regulators of physiological function and dysfunction of the circadian clock have been linked to various diseases and multiple morbidities. Emerging omics technologies permits largescale multi-dimensional investigations of the molecular landscape of a given disease and the comprehensive characterization of its underlying cellular components (e.g., proteins, genes, lipids, metabolites), their mechanism of actions, functional networks and regulatory systems. Ultimately, they can be used to better understand disease and interpatient heterogeneity, individual profile, identify personalized targetable key molecules and pathways, discover novel biomarkers and genetic alterations, which collectively can allow for a better patient stratification into clinically relevant subgroups to improve disease prediction and prevention, early diagnostic, clinical outcomes, therapeutic benefits, patient's quality of life and survival. The use of “omics” technologies has allowed for recent breakthroughs in several scientific domains, including in the field of circadian clock biology. Although studies have explored the role of clock genes using circadiOmics (which integrates circadian omics, such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics) in human disease, no such studies have investigated the implications of circadian disruption in oral, head and neck pathologies using multi-omics approaches and linking the omics data to patient-specific circadian profiles. There is a burgeoning body of evidence that circadian clock controls the development and homeostasis of oral and maxillofacial structures, such as salivary glands, teeth and oral epithelium. Hence, in the current era of precision medicine and dentistry and patient-centered health care, it is becoming evident that a multi-omics approach is needed to improve our understanding of the role of circadian clock-controlled key players in the regulation of head and neck pathologies. This review discusses current knowledge on the role of the circadian clock and the contribution of omics-based approaches toward a novel precision health era for diagnosing and treating head and neck pathologies, with an emphasis on oral, head and neck cancer and Sjögren's syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry A Adeola
- Hair and Skin Research Laboratory, Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences and Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of the Western Cape and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Silvana Papagerakis
- Laboratory of Oral, Head & Neck Cancer-Personalized Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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25
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Labib PL, Goodchild G, Pereira SP. Molecular Pathogenesis of Cholangiocarcinoma. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:185. [PMID: 30819129 PMCID: PMC6394015 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5391-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholangiocarcinomas are a heterogeneous group of malignancies arising from a number of cells of origin along the biliary tree. Although most cases in Western countries are sporadic, large population-based studies have identified a number of risk factors. This review summarises the evidence behind reported risk factors and current understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of cholangiocarcinoma, with a focus on inflammation and cholestasis as the driving forces in cholangiocarcinoma development. RISK FACTORS FOR CHOLANGIOCARCINOGENESIS Cholestatic liver diseases (e.g. primary sclerosing cholangitis and fibropolycystic liver diseases), liver cirrhosis, and biliary stone disease all increase the risk of cholangiocarcinoma. Certain bacterial, viral or parasitic infections such as hepatitis B and C and liver flukes also increase cholangiocarcinoma risk. Other risk factors include inflammatory disorders (such as inflammatory bowel disease and chronic pancreatitis), toxins (e.g. alcohol and tobacco), metabolic conditions (diabetes, obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) and a number of genetic disorders. MOLECULAR PATHOGENESIS OF CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA Regardless of aetiology, most risk factors cause chronic inflammation or cholestasis. Chronic inflammation leads to increased exposure of cholangiocytes to the inflammatory mediators interleukin-6, Tumour Necrosis Factor-ɑ, Cyclo-oxygenase-2 and Wnt, resulting in progressive mutations in tumour suppressor genes, proto-oncogenes and DNA mismatch-repair genes. Accumulating bile acids from cholestasis lead to reduced pH, increased apoptosis and activation of ERK1/2, Akt and NF-κB pathways that encourage cell proliferation, migration and survival. Other mediators upregulated in cholangiocarcinoma include Transforming Growth Factor-β, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, Hepatocyte Growth Factor and several microRNAs. Increased expression of the cell surface receptor c-Met, the glucose transporter GLUT-1 and the sodium iodide symporter lead to tumour growth, angiogenesis and cell migration. Stromal changes are also observed, resulting in alterations to the extracellular matrix composition and recruitment of fibroblasts and macrophages that create a microenvironment promoting cell survival, invasion and metastasis. CONCLUSION Regardless of aetiology, most risk factors for cholangiocarcinoma cause chronic inflammation and/or cholestasis, leading to the activation of common intracellular pathways that result in reactive cell proliferation, genetic/epigenetic mutations and cholangiocarcinogenesis. An understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of cholangiocarcinoma is vital when developing new diagnostic biomarkers and targeted therapies for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter L. Labib
- UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London (Royal Free Hospital Campus), Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, London, NW3 2QG UK
| | - George Goodchild
- UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London (Royal Free Hospital Campus), Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, London, NW3 2QG UK
| | - Stephen P. Pereira
- UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London (Royal Free Hospital Campus), Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, London, NW3 2QG UK
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26
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Orhan T, Nielsen PB, Hviid TVF, Rosen AW, Gögenür I. Expression of Circadian Clock Genes in Human Colorectal Cancer Tissues Using Droplet Digital PCR. Cancer Invest 2019; 37:90-98. [PMID: 30732490 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2019.1571079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that disruption of circadian rhythms may be directly linked to cancer. Here we report that the expression levels of the core clock genes Per1 and Per3 measured by droplet digital polymerase chain reaction are significantly decreased in tumour tissue from 16 patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery compared to paired normal mucosa. No differences were observed in the expression of Per2, Bmal1, and Clock. In conclusion, abnormal expression levels of the clock genes Per1 and Per3 in CRC tissue may be related to tumourigenesis and may provide future diagnostic and prognostic information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tugba Orhan
- a Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen N , Denmark
| | - Peter Böhm Nielsen
- b Centre for Immune Regulation and Reproductive Immunology, Department of Clinical Biochemistry , Zealand University Hospital, University of Copenhagen , Roskilde , Denmark
| | - Thomas Vauvert F Hviid
- b Centre for Immune Regulation and Reproductive Immunology, Department of Clinical Biochemistry , Zealand University Hospital, University of Copenhagen , Roskilde , Denmark
| | - Andreas Weinberger Rosen
- c Center for Surgical Science, Department of Surgery , Zealand University Hospital, University of Copenhagen , Koege , Denmark
| | - Ismail Gögenür
- c Center for Surgical Science, Department of Surgery , Zealand University Hospital, University of Copenhagen , Koege , Denmark
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27
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Davis K, Roden LC, Leaner VD, van der Watt PJ. The tumour suppressing role of the circadian clock. IUBMB Life 2019; 71:771-780. [DOI: 10.1002/iub.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kate Davis
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Cape Town; Cape Town South Africa
| | - Laura C. Roden
- School of Life Sciences; Coventry University, Alison Gingell Building Room 2.24; Coventry, CV1 5FB UK
| | - Virna D. Leaner
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Cape Town; Cape Town South Africa
- SAMRC/UCT Gynaecological Cancer Research Centre; Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town; Cape Town South Africa
| | - Pauline J. van der Watt
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Cape Town; Cape Town South Africa
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28
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Benna C, Rajendran S, Spiro G, Tropea S, Del Fiore P, Rossi CR, Mocellin S. Associations of clock genes polymorphisms with soft tissue sarcoma susceptibility and prognosis. J Transl Med 2018; 16:338. [PMID: 30518396 PMCID: PMC6280400 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1715-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dysfunction of the circadian clock and polymorphisms of some circadian genes have been linked to cancer development and progression. We investigated the relationship between circadian genes germline variation and susceptibility or prognosis of patients with soft tissue sarcoma. Patients and methods We considered the 14 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of 6 core circadian genes that have a minor allele frequency > 5% and that are known to be associated with cancer risk or prognosis. Genotyping was performed by q-PCR. Peripheral blood and clinic-pathological data were available for 162 patients with liposarcoma or leiomyosarcoma and 610 healthy donors. Associations between the selected clock genes polymorphisms and sarcoma susceptibility or prognosis were tested assuming 3 models of inheritance: additive, recessive and dominant. Subgroup analysis based on sarcoma histotype was performed under the additive genetic model. Multivariate logistic regression and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analyses were utilized to assess the association between SNPs with patient susceptibility and survival, respectively. Pathway variation analysis was conducted employing the Adaptive Rank Truncated Product method. Results Six out of the 14 analyzed SNPs were statistically significantly associated with susceptibility or prognosis of soft tissue sarcoma (P < 0.05). The present analysis suggested that carriers of the minor allele of the CLOCK polymorphism rs1801260 (C) or of PER2 rs934945 (T) had a reduced predisposition to sarcoma (26% and 35% respectively with the additive model) and liposarcoma (33% and 41% respectively). The minor allele (A) of NPAS2 rs895520 was associated with an increased predisposition to sarcoma of 33% and leiomyosarcoma of 44%. RORA rs339972 C allele was associated with a decreased predisposition to develop sarcoma assuming an additive model (29%) and leiomyosarcoma (36%). PER1 rs3027178 was associated with a reduced predisposition only in liposarcoma subgroup (32%). rs7602358 located upstream PER2 was significantly associated with liposarcoma survival (HR: 1.98; 95% CI 1.02–3.85; P = 0.04). Germline genetic variation in the circadian pathway was associated with the risk of developing soft tissue sarcoma (P = 0.035). Conclusions Genetic variation of circadian genes appears to play a role in the determinism of patient susceptibility and prognosis. These findings prompt further studies to fully dissect the molecular mechanisms. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12967-018-1715-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Benna
- Department of Surgery Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy. .,Clinica Chirurgica I, Azienda Ospedaliera Padova, Padua, Italy.
| | | | - Giovanna Spiro
- Department of Surgery Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Saveria Tropea
- Department of Surgery Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.,Surgical Oncology Unit, Istituto Oncologico Veneto (IOV-IRCCS), Padua, Italy
| | - Paolo Del Fiore
- Surgical Oncology Unit, Istituto Oncologico Veneto (IOV-IRCCS), Padua, Italy
| | - Carlo Riccardo Rossi
- Department of Surgery Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.,Surgical Oncology Unit, Istituto Oncologico Veneto (IOV-IRCCS), Padua, Italy
| | - Simone Mocellin
- Department of Surgery Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.,Surgical Oncology Unit, Istituto Oncologico Veneto (IOV-IRCCS), Padua, Italy
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29
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Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari M, Darband SG, Kaviani M, Mihanfar A, Aghazadeh Attari J, Yousefi B, Majidinia M. DNA damage response and repair in colorectal cancer: Defects, regulation and therapeutic implications. DNA Repair (Amst) 2018; 69:34-52. [PMID: 30055507 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
DNA damage response, a key factor involved in maintaining genome integrity and stability, consists of several kinase-dependent signaling pathways, which sense and transduce DNA damage signal. The severity of damage appears to determine DNA damage responses, which can include cell cycle arrest, damage repair and apoptosis. A number of recent studies have demonstrated that defection in signaling through this network is thought to be an underlying mechanism behind the development and progression of various types of human malignancies, including colorectal cancer. In this review, colorectal cancer and its molecular pathology as well as DNA damage response is briefly introduced. Finally, the involvement of key components of this network in the initiation/progression, prognosis, response to treatment and development of drug resistance is comprehensively discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari
- Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saber Ghazizadeh Darband
- Danesh Pey Hadi Co., Health Technology Development Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Kaviani
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Ainaz Mihanfar
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Bahman Yousefi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Maryam Majidinia
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
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30
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El-Athman R, Fuhr L, Relógio A. A Systems-Level Analysis Reveals Circadian Regulation of Splicing in Colorectal Cancer. EBioMedicine 2018; 33:68-81. [PMID: 29936137 PMCID: PMC6085510 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence points to a significant role of the circadian clock in the regulation of splicing in various organisms, including mammals. Both dysregulated circadian rhythms and aberrant pre-mRNA splicing are frequently implicated in human disease, in particular in cancer. To investigate the role of the circadian clock in the regulation of splicing in a cancer progression context at the systems-level, we conducted a genome-wide analysis and compared the rhythmic transcriptional profiles of colon carcinoma cell lines SW480 and SW620, derived from primary and metastatic sites of the same patient, respectively. We identified spliceosome components and splicing factors with cell-specific circadian expression patterns including SRSF1, HNRNPLL, ESRP1, and RBM 8A, as well as altered alternative splicing events and circadian alternative splicing patterns of output genes (e.g., VEGFA, NCAM1, FGFR2, CD44) in our cellular model. Our data reveals a remarkable interplay between the circadian clock and pre-mRNA splicing with putative consequences in tumor progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rukeia El-Athman
- Institute for Theoretical Biology (ITB), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Germany; Medical Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, Molekulares Krebsforschungszentrum (MKFZ), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Germany
| | - Luise Fuhr
- Institute for Theoretical Biology (ITB), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Germany; Medical Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, Molekulares Krebsforschungszentrum (MKFZ), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Germany
| | - Angela Relógio
- Institute for Theoretical Biology (ITB), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Germany; Medical Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, Molekulares Krebsforschungszentrum (MKFZ), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Germany.
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31
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Shostak A. Human Clock Genes and Cancer. CURRENT SLEEP MEDICINE REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40675-018-0102-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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32
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Fontenot MR, Berto S, Liu Y, Werthmann G, Douglas C, Usui N, Gleason K, Tamminga CA, Takahashi JS, Konopka G. Novel transcriptional networks regulated by CLOCK in human neurons. Genes Dev 2017; 31:2121-2135. [PMID: 29196536 PMCID: PMC5749161 DOI: 10.1101/gad.305813.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Fontenot et al. show that CLOCK regulates the expression of genes involved in neuronal migration. Dysregulation of CLOCK disrupts coexpressed networks of genes implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders, and the expression of these networks is driven by hub genes with human-specific patterns of expression. The molecular mechanisms underlying human brain evolution are not fully understood; however, previous work suggested that expression of the transcription factor CLOCK in the human cortex might be relevant to human cognition and disease. In this study, we investigated this novel transcriptional role for CLOCK in human neurons by performing chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing for endogenous CLOCK in adult neocortices and RNA sequencing following CLOCK knockdown in differentiated human neurons in vitro. These data suggested that CLOCK regulates the expression of genes involved in neuronal migration, and a functional assay showed that CLOCK knockdown increased neuronal migratory distance. Furthermore, dysregulation of CLOCK disrupts coexpressed networks of genes implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders, and the expression of these networks is driven by hub genes with human-specific patterns of expression. These data support a role for CLOCK-regulated transcriptional cascades involved in human brain evolution and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles R Fontenot
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Stefano Berto
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Yuxiang Liu
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Gordon Werthmann
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Connor Douglas
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Noriyoshi Usui
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Kelly Gleason
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Carol A Tamminga
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Joseph S Takahashi
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Genevieve Konopka
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
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33
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Benna C, Helfrich-Förster C, Rajendran S, Monticelli H, Pilati P, Nitti D, Mocellin S. Genetic variation of clock genes and cancer risk: a field synopsis and meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:23978-23995. [PMID: 28177907 PMCID: PMC5410358 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of studies on the association between clock genes’ polymorphisms and cancer susceptibility has increased over the last years but the results are often conflicting and no comprehensive overview and quantitative summary of the evidence in this field is available. RESULTS Literature search identified 27 eligible studies comprising 96756 subjects (cases: 38231) and investigating 687 polymorphisms involving 14 clock genes. Overall, 1025 primary and subgroup meta-analyses on 366 gene variants were performed. Study distribution by tumor was as follows: breast cancer (n=15), prostate cancer (n=3), pancreatic cancer (n=2), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (n=2), glioma (n=1), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (n=1), colorectal cancer (n=1), non-small cell lung cancer (n=1) and ovarian cancer (n=1). We identified 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) significantly associated with cancer risk: NPAS2 rs10165970 (mixed and breast cancer shiftworkers), rs895520 (mixed), rs17024869 (breast) and rs7581886 (breast); CLOCK rs3749474 (breast) and rs11943456 (breast); RORA rs7164773 (breast and breast cancer postmenopausal), rs10519097 (breast); RORB rs7867494 (breast cancer postmenopausal), PER3 rs1012477 (breast cancer subgroups) and assessed the level of quality evidence to be intermediate. We also identified polymorphisms with lower quality statistically significant associations (n=30). CONCLUSIONS Our work supports the hypothesis that genetic variation of clock genes might affect cancer risk. These findings also highlight the need for more efforts in this research field in order to fully establish the contribution of clock gene variants to the risk of developing cancer. METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the evidence on the association between clock genes’ germline variants and the risk of developing cancer. To assess result credibility, summary evidence was graded according to the Venice criteria and false positive report probability (FPRP) was calculated to further validate result noteworthiness. Subgroup meta-analysis was also performed based on participant features and tumor type. The breast cancer subgroup was further stratified by work conditions, estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor status and menopausal status, conditions associated with the risk of breast cancer in different studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Benna
- Department of Surgery Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Charlotte Helfrich-Förster
- Neurobiology and Genetics, Theodor-Boveri Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Senthilkumar Rajendran
- Department of Surgery Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | | | - Donato Nitti
- Department of Surgery Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Clinica Chirurgica I, Azienda Ospedaliera Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Simone Mocellin
- Department of Surgery Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Istituto Oncologico Veneto, IOV-IRCSS, Padova, Italy
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34
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Kamagata M, Ikeda Y, Sasaki H, Hattori Y, Yasuda S, Iwami S, Tsubosaka M, Ishikawa R, Todoh A, Tamura K, Tahara Y, Shibata S. Potent synchronization of peripheral circadian clocks by glucocorticoid injections in PER2::LUC-Clock/Clock mice. Chronobiol Int 2017; 34:1067-1082. [DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2017.1338716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mayo Kamagata
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Ikeda
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sasaki
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuta Hattori
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinnosuke Yasuda
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shiho Iwami
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miku Tsubosaka
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Ishikawa
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ai Todoh
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Konomi Tamura
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu Tahara
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Shibata
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Kondelin J, Gylfe AE, Lundgren S, Tanskanen T, Hamberg J, Aavikko M, Palin K, Ristolainen H, Katainen R, Kaasinen E, Taipale M, Taipale J, Renkonen-Sinisalo L, Järvinen H, Böhm J, Mecklin JP, Vahteristo P, Tuupanen S, Aaltonen LA, Pitkänen E. Comprehensive Evaluation of Protein Coding Mononucleotide Microsatellites in Microsatellite-Unstable Colorectal Cancer. Cancer Res 2017; 77:4078-4088. [PMID: 28611049 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-0682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 15% of colorectal cancers exhibit microsatellite instability (MSI), which leads to accumulation of large numbers of small insertions and deletions (indels). Genes that provide growth advantage to cells via loss-of-function mutations in microsatellites are called MSI target genes. Several criteria to define these genes have been suggested, one of them being simple mutation frequency. Microsatellite mutation rate, however, depends on the length and nucleotide context of the microsatellite. Therefore, assessing the general impact of mismatch repair deficiency on the likelihood of mutation events is paramount when following this approach. To identify MSI target genes, we developed a statistical model for the somatic background indel mutation rate of microsatellites to assess mutation significance. Exome sequencing data of 24 MSI colorectal cancers revealed indels at 54 million mononucleotide microsatellites of three or more nucleotides in length. The top 105 microsatellites from 71 genes were further analyzed in 93 additional MSI colorectal cancers. Mutation significance and estimated clonality of mutations determined the most likely MSI target genes to be the aminoadipate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase AASDH and the solute transporter SLC9A8 Our findings offer a systematic profiling of the somatic background mutation rate in protein-coding mononucleotide microsatellites, allowing a full cataloging of the true targets of MSI in colorectal cancer. Cancer Res; 77(15); 4078-88. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Kondelin
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alexandra E Gylfe
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sofie Lundgren
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tomas Tanskanen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jiri Hamberg
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mervi Aavikko
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kimmo Palin
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heikki Ristolainen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riku Katainen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eevi Kaasinen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Minna Taipale
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.,Science for Life Center, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Jussi Taipale
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.,Science for Life Center, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Laura Renkonen-Sinisalo
- Department of Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heikki Järvinen
- Department of Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jan Böhm
- Department of Pathology, Jyväskylä Central Hospital, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jukka-Pekka Mecklin
- Department of Surgery, Jyväskylä Central Hospital, University of Eastern Finland, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Pia Vahteristo
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sari Tuupanen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lauri A Aaltonen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Esa Pitkänen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. .,Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Papagiannakopoulos T, Bauer MR, Davidson SM, Heimann M, Subbaraj L, Bhutkar A, Bartlebaugh J, Vander Heiden MG, Jacks T. Circadian Rhythm Disruption Promotes Lung Tumorigenesis. Cell Metab 2016; 24:324-31. [PMID: 27476975 PMCID: PMC5367626 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 345] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are 24-hr oscillations that control a variety of biological processes in living systems, including two hallmarks of cancer, cell division and metabolism. Circadian rhythm disruption by shift work is associated with greater risk for cancer development and poor prognosis, suggesting a putative tumor-suppressive role for circadian rhythm homeostasis. Using a genetically engineered mouse model of lung adenocarcinoma, we have characterized the effects of circadian rhythm disruption on lung tumorigenesis. We demonstrate that both physiologic perturbation (jet lag) and genetic mutation of the central circadian clock components decreased survival and promoted lung tumor growth and progression. The core circadian genes Per2 and Bmal1 were shown to have cell-autonomous tumor-suppressive roles in transformation and lung tumor progression. Loss of the central clock components led to increased c-Myc expression, enhanced proliferation, and metabolic dysregulation. Our findings demonstrate that both systemic and somatic disruption of circadian rhythms contribute to cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thales Papagiannakopoulos
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Matthew R Bauer
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Shawn M Davidson
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Megan Heimann
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Lakshmipriya Subbaraj
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Arjun Bhutkar
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jordan Bartlebaugh
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Tyler Jacks
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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37
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Wang Y, Cheng Y, Yu G, Jia B, Hu Z, Zhang L. Expression of PER, CRY, and TIM genes for the pathological features of colorectal cancer patients. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:1997-2005. [PMID: 27103825 PMCID: PMC4827416 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s96925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
As typical clock gene machinery, period (PER1, PER2, and PER3), cryptochrome (CRY1 and CRY2), and timeless (TIM), could control proliferation, cellular metabolism, and many key functions, such as recognition and repair of DNA damage, dysfunction of the circadian clock could result in tumorigenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). In this study, the expression levels of PER1, PER2, and PER3, as well as CRY1, CRY2, and TIM in the tumor tissue and apparently healthy mucosa from CRC patients were examined and compared via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Compared with the healthy mucosa from CRC patients, expression levels of PER1, PER2, PER3, and CRY2 in their tumor tissue are much lower, while TIM level was much enhanced. There was no significant difference in the CRY1 expression level. High levels of TIM mRNA were much prevalent in the tumor mucosa with proximal lymph nodes. CRC patients with lower expression of PER1 and PER3 in the tumor tissue showed significantly poorer survival rates. The abnormal expression levels of PER and TIM genes in CRC tissue could be related to the genesis process of the tumor, influencing host–tumor interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunsheng Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Yu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Benli Jia
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihang Hu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijiu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
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Fang L, Yang Z, Zhou J, Tung JY, Hsiao CD, Wang L, Deng Y, Wang P, Wang J, Lee MH. Circadian Clock Gene CRY2 Degradation Is Involved in Chemoresistance of Colorectal Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2015; 14:1476-87. [PMID: 25855785 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Biomarkers for predicting chemotherapy response are important to the treatment of colorectal cancer patients. Cryptochrome 2 (CRY2) is a circadian clock protein involved in cell cycle, but the biologic consequences of this activity in cancer are poorly understood. We set up biochemical and cell biology analyses to analyze CRY2 expression and chemoresistance. Here, we report that CRY2 is overexpressed in chemoresistant colorectal cancer samples, and CRY2 overexpression is correlated with poor patient survival. Knockdown of CRY2 increased colorectal cancer sensitivity to oxaliplatin in colorectal cancer cells. We also identify FBXW7 as a novel E3 ubiquitin ligase for targeting CRY2 through proteasomal degradation. Mechanistic studies show that CRY2 is regulated by FBXW7, in which FBXW7 binds directly to phosphorylated Thr300 of CRY2. Furthermore, FBXW7 expression leads to degradation of CRY2 through enhancing CRY2 ubiquitination and accelerating the CRY2's turnover rate. High FBXW7 expression downregulates CRY2 and increases colorectal cancer cells' sensitivity to chemotherapy. Low FBXW7 expression is correlated with high CRY2 expression in colorectal cancer patient samples. Also, low FBXW7 expression is correlated with poor patient survival. Taken together, our findings indicate that the upregulation of CRY2 caused by downregulation of FBXW7 may be a novel prognostic biomarker and may represent a new therapeutic target in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lekun Fang
- Department of Surgery, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China. Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Zihuan Yang
- Department of Surgery, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junyi Zhou
- Department of Surgery, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jung-Yu Tung
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Lei Wang
- Department of Surgery, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanhong Deng
- Department of Oncology, Guangdong Gastroenterology Institute, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Puning Wang
- Department of Surgery, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Department of Surgery, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Mong-Hong Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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Daily variations in the expression of miR-16 and miR-181a in human leukocytes. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2015; 54:364-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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40
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Lin LL, Huang HC, Juan HF. Circadian systems biology in Metazoa. Brief Bioinform 2015; 16:1008-24. [PMID: 25758249 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbv006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Systems biology, which can be defined as integrative biology, comprises multistage processes that can be used to understand components of complex biological systems of living organisms and provides hierarchical information to decoding life. Using systems biology approaches such as genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics, it is now possible to delineate more complicated interactions between circadian control systems and diseases. The circadian rhythm is a multiscale phenomenon existing within the body that influences numerous physiological activities such as changes in gene expression, protein turnover, metabolism and human behavior. In this review, we describe the relationships between the circadian control system and its related genes or proteins, and circadian rhythm disorders in systems biology studies. To maintain and modulate circadian oscillation, cells possess elaborative feedback loops composed of circadian core proteins that regulate the expression of other genes through their transcriptional activities. The disruption of these rhythms has been reported to be associated with diseases such as arrhythmia, obesity, insulin resistance, carcinogenesis and disruptions in natural oscillations in the control of cell growth. This review demonstrates that lifestyle is considered as a fundamental factor that modifies circadian rhythm, and the development of dysfunctions and diseases could be regulated by an underlying expression network with multiple circadian-associated signals.
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Wang Y, Qian R, Sun N, Lu C, Chen Z, Hua L. Circadian gene hClock enhances proliferation and inhibits apoptosis of human colorectal carcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Mol Med Rep 2015; 11:4204-10. [PMID: 25625359 PMCID: PMC4394946 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is one of the most prevalent types of malignancy-associated mortality worldwide. Previous studies have demonstrated that amplification and overexpression of the human circadian locomotor output cycles kaput gene (hClock) was closely associated with a high risk for CRC as well as poor prognosis in CRC patients. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of CRC remain to be fully elucidated. In the present study, hClock was exogenously overexpressed in the CRC cell line SW480 via infection of a lentivirus vector expressing hClock; in addition, a lentivirus vector-based RNA interference approach, using short hairpin RNA, was performed in order to knockdown hClock in SW620 cells. The results showed that upregulation of hClock promoted proliferation and inhibited apoptosis in SW480 cells in vitro and in vivo, while downregulation of hClock inhibited SW620 cell proliferation and accelerated apoptosis in vitro. Upregulation of hClock enhanced the activity of the anti-apoptotic gene phosphorpylated (p-) AKT and inhibited the expression of the pro-apoptotic gene B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2)-associated X protein and Bcl-2 homology 3 interacting domain death agonist. Furthermore, targeted inhibition of hClock activity reduced p-AKT expression. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggested that the circadian gene hClock promoted CRC progression and inhibit tumor cell apoptosis in vitro and in vivo, while silencing hClock was able to reverse this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Wang
- Department of Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Ruizhe Qian
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Ning Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Chao Lu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Zongyou Chen
- Department of Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Luchun Hua
- Department of Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
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42
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Pluquet O, Dejeans N, Chevet E. Watching the clock: endoplasmic reticulum-mediated control of circadian rhythms in cancer. Ann Med 2014; 46:233-43. [PMID: 24491143 DOI: 10.3109/07853890.2013.874664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past 20 years both the circadian clock and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress signaling have emerged as major players in oncogenesis and cancer development. Although several lines of evidence have established functional links between these two molecular pathways, their interconnection and the subsequent functional implications in cancer development remain to be fully characterized. Herein, we provide an extensive review of the literature depicting the molecular connectivity linking ER stress signaling and the circadian clock and elaborate on the potential use of these functional interactions in cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Pluquet
- Institut de Biologie de Lille, CNRS UMR8161/Universités Lille 1 et Lille 2/Institut Pasteur de Lille , 1, rue du Pr. Calmette, BP 447, 59021 Lille , France
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43
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Relógio A, Thomas P, Medina-Pérez P, Reischl S, Bervoets S, Gloc E, Riemer P, Mang-Fatehi S, Maier B, Schäfer R, Leser U, Herzel H, Kramer A, Sers C. Ras-mediated deregulation of the circadian clock in cancer. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004338. [PMID: 24875049 PMCID: PMC4038477 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are essential to the temporal regulation of molecular processes in living systems and as such to life itself. Deregulation of these rhythms leads to failures in biological processes and eventually to the manifestation of pathological phenotypes including cancer. To address the questions as to what are the elicitors of a disrupted clock in cancer, we applied a systems biology approach to correlate experimental, bioinformatics and modelling data from several cell line models for colorectal and skin cancer. We found strong and weak circadian oscillators within the same type of cancer and identified a set of genes, which allows the discrimination between the two oscillator-types. Among those genes are IFNGR2, PITX2, RFWD2, PPARγ, LOXL2, Rab6 and SPARC, all involved in cancer-related pathways. Using a bioinformatics approach, we extended the core-clock network and present its interconnection to the discriminative set of genes. Interestingly, such gene signatures link the clock to oncogenic pathways like the RAS/MAPK pathway. To investigate the potential impact of the RAS/MAPK pathway - a major driver of colorectal carcinogenesis - on the circadian clock, we used a computational model which predicted that perturbation of BMAL1-mediated transcription can generate the circadian phenotypes similar to those observed in metastatic cell lines. Using an inducible RAS expression system, we show that overexpression of RAS disrupts the circadian clock and leads to an increase of the circadian period while RAS inhibition causes a shortening of period length, as predicted by our mathematical simulations. Together, our data demonstrate that perturbations induced by a single oncogene are sufficient to deregulate the mammalian circadian clock. Living systems possess an endogenous time-generating system – the circadian clock - accountable for a 24 hours oscillation in the expression of about 10% of all genes. In mammals, disruption of oscillations is associated to several diseases including cancer. In this manuscript, we address the following question: what are the elicitors of a disrupted clock in cancer? We applied a systems biology approach to correlate experimental, bioinformatics and modelling data and could thereby identify key genes which discriminate strong and weak oscillators among cancer cell lines. Most of the discriminative genes play important roles in cell cycle regulation, DNA repair, immune system and metabolism and are involved in oncogenic pathways such as the RAS/MAPK. To investigate the potential impact of the Ras oncogene in the circadian clock we generated experimental models harbouring conditionally active Ras oncogenes. We put forward a direct correlation between the perturbation of Ras oncogene and an effect in the expression of clock genes, found by means of mathematical simulations and validated experimentally. Our study shows that perturbations of a single oncogene are sufficient to deregulate the mammalian circadian clock and opens new ways in which the circadian clock can influence disease and possibly play a role in therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Relógio
- Institute for Theoretical Biology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail: (AR); (CS)
| | - Philippe Thomas
- Knowledge Management in Bioinformatics, Institute for Computer Science, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paula Medina-Pérez
- Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Laboratory of Chronobiology, Institute for Medical Immunology Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Silke Reischl
- Laboratory of Chronobiology, Institute for Medical Immunology Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sander Bervoets
- Institute for Theoretical Biology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ewa Gloc
- Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pamela Riemer
- Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Shila Mang-Fatehi
- Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bert Maier
- Laboratory of Chronobiology, Institute for Medical Immunology Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Reinhold Schäfer
- Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ulf Leser
- Knowledge Management in Bioinformatics, Institute for Computer Science, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hanspeter Herzel
- Institute for Theoretical Biology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Achim Kramer
- Laboratory of Chronobiology, Institute for Medical Immunology Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christine Sers
- Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- * E-mail: (AR); (CS)
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Couto P, Miranda D, Vieira R, Vilhena A, De Marco L, Bastos-Rodrigues L. Association between CLOCK, PER3 and CCRN4L with non‑small cell lung cancer in Brazilian patients. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:435-40. [PMID: 24821610 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms comprise of daily oscillations in a variety of biological processes and are regulated by an endogenous clock. Disruption of these rhythms has been associated with cancer progression, and understanding natural oscillations in cellular growth control, tumor suppression and cancer treatment, may reveal how clock and clock‑controlled genes are regulated in normal physiological functioning. To investigate the association between clock genes and non‑small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), we genotyped three tag SNPs (rs938836, rs17050680, rs3805213) in the Nocturnin gene (CCRN4L), five SNPs (rs228727, rs228644, rs228729, rs707467, rs104620202) in the period 3 (PER3) gene and one SNP (rs6855837) in the CLOCK gene, in 78 Brazilian patients with NSCLC. One tag SNP in CCRN4L (rs3805213) and another tag SNP from PER3 (rs228729) demonstrated a significant correlation with genotype and allele frequency in lung cancer (P=4.4x10‑3 and P=5.7x10‑2; P=0.004 and P=0.02, respectively). The results of our study suggest these polymorphisms in the CCRN4L and PER3 genes may represent a risk factor in the occurrence and development of NSCLC in Brazilian patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Couto
- Department of Surgery, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 30130‑100, Brazil
| | - Debora Miranda
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 30130‑100, Brazil
| | - Renalice Vieira
- Department of Surgery, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 30130‑100, Brazil
| | - Alyne Vilhena
- Hospital Julia Kubitscheck, Belo Horizonte, MG 30620‑470, Brazil
| | - Luiz De Marco
- Department of Surgery, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 30130‑100, Brazil
| | - Luciana Bastos-Rodrigues
- Basic Department ‑ Health Area, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Campus Governador Valadares, Governador Valadares, MG 35010‑177, Brazil
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Mazzoccoli G, Vinciguerra M, Papa G, Piepoli A. Circadian clock circuitry in colorectal cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:4197-4207. [PMID: 24764658 PMCID: PMC3989956 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i15.4197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the most prevalent among digestive system cancers. Carcinogenesis relies on disrupted control of cellular processes, such as metabolism, proliferation, DNA damage recognition and repair, and apoptosis. Cell, tissue, organ and body physiology is characterized by periodic fluctuations driven by biological clocks operating through the clock gene machinery. Dysfunction of molecular clockworks and cellular oscillators is involved in tumorigenesis, and altered expression of clock genes has been found in cancer patients. Epidemiological studies have shown that circadian disruption, that is, alteration of bodily temporal organization, is a cancer risk factor, and an increased incidence of colorectal neoplastic disease is reported in shift workers. In this review we describe the involvement of the circadian clock circuitry in colorectal carcinogenesis and the therapeutic strategies addressing temporal deregulation in colorectal cancer.
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Markova-Car EP, Jurišić D, Ilić N, Kraljević Pavelić S. Running for time: circadian rhythms and melanoma. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:8359-68. [PMID: 24729125 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-1904-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian timing system includes an input pathway transmitting environmental signals to a core oscillator that generates circadian signals responsible for the peripheral physiological or behavioural events. Circadian 24-h rhythms regulate diverse physiologic processes. Deregulation of these rhythms is associated with a number of pathogenic conditions including depression, diabetes, metabolic syndrome and cancer. Melanoma is a less common type of skin cancer yet more aggressive often with a lethal ending. However, little is known about circadian control in melanoma and exact functional associations between core clock genes and development of melanoma skin cancer. This paper, therefore, comprehensively analyses current literature data on the involvement of circadian clock components in melanoma development. In particular, the role of circadian rhythm deregulation is discussed in the context of DNA repair mechanisms and influence of UV radiation and artificial light exposure on cancer development. The role of arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT) enzyme and impact of melatonin, as a major output factor of circadian rhythm, and its protective role in melanoma are discussed in details. We hypothesise that further understanding of clock genes' involvement and circadian regulation might foster discoveries in the field of melanoma diagnostics and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elitza P Markova-Car
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000, Rijeka, Croatia,
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Kelleher FC, Rao A, Maguire A. Circadian molecular clocks and cancer. Cancer Lett 2013; 342:9-18. [PMID: 24099911 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Physiological processes such as the sleep-wake cycle, metabolism and hormone secretion are controlled by a circadian rhythm adapted to 24h day-night periodicity. This circadian synchronisation is in part controlled by ambient light decreasing melatonin secretion by the pineal gland and co-ordinated by the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus. Peripheral cell autonomous circadian clocks controlled by the suprachiasmatic nucleus, the master regulator, exist within every cell of the body and are comprised of at least twelve genes. These include the basic helix-loop-helix/PAS domain containing transcription factors; Clock, BMal1 and Npas2 which activate transcription of the periodic genes (Per1 and Per2) and cryptochrome genes (Cry1 and Cry2). Points of coupling exist between the cellular clock and the cell cycle. Cell cycle genes which are affected by the molecular circadian clock include c-Myc, Wee1, cyclin D and p21. Therefore the rhythm of the circadian clock and cancer are interlinked. Molecular examples exist including activation of Per2 leads to c-myc overexpression and an increased tumor incidence. Mice with mutations in Cryptochrome 1 and 2 are arrhythmic (lack a circadian rhythm) and arrhythmic mice have a faster rate of growth of implanted tumors. Epidemiological finding of relevance include 'The Nurses' Health Study' where it was established that women working rotational night shifts have an increased incidence of breast cancer. Compounds that affect circadian rhythm exist with attendant future therapeutic possibilities. These include casein kinase I inhibitors and a candidate small molecule KL001 that affects the degradation of cryptochrome. Theoretically the cell cycle and malignant disease may be targeted vicariously by selective alteration of the cellular molecular clock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fergal C Kelleher
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
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Expression of clock genes in patients with colorectal cancer. Int J Biol Markers 2013; 28:280-5. [PMID: 23712462 DOI: 10.5301/jbm.5000033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated the influence of clock genes in cell cycle regulation, cell proliferation, apoptosis and DNA damage recognition and repair. There is evidence suggesting the implication of clock genes in colorectal cancer (CRC) development and progression. The aim of this study is to evaluate the expression levels of clock genes in CRC and correlate them with patients' prognosis. Forty-two CRC samples (from 24 males and 18 females), their paired noncancerous tissues and 8 biopsies from healthy individuals were included. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to examine the expression levels of CLOCK1, BMAL1, PER1, PER2 and PER3 genes in all the samples. In the cancerous tissues CLOCK1 (p<0.0001) and BMAL1 (p<0.0001) expression levels were higher, while PER1 (p<0.0024) and PER3 (p<0.0001) expression levels were lower compared to matched healthy tissues. No difference was observed in the expression levels of PER2 (p=0.99). No correlation was found between clock gene expression and patients' clinicopathological characteristics or prognosis. The results suggest abnormal expression of CLOCK1, BMAL1, PER1 and PER3 genes in CRC but no correlation with patients' prognosis.
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Karantanos T, Theodoropoulos G, Gazouli M, Vaiopoulou A, Karantanou C, Stravopodis DJ, Bramis K, Lymperi M, Pektasidis D. Association of the clock genes polymorphisms with colorectal cancer susceptibility. J Surg Oncol 2013; 108:563-7. [PMID: 24037774 DOI: 10.1002/jso.23434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The circadian rhythm regulates the cell cycle progression and DNA damage response. The aim of our study was to investigate the association between polymorphisms in the CLOCK1, PER2, and PER3 genes with the colorectal cancer (CRC) susceptibility and clinicopathological variables. METHODS Four hundred two CRC patients and 480 healthy controls were included in a case-control study. Genotype and allelic frequencies of 311T>C (rs1801260) in CLOCK1 gene, G3853A (rs934945) in PER2 gene and 4/5 repeats polymorphisms in PER3 gene were evaluated by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) restriction fragment length polymorphism method in the DNA extracted from the peripheral blood of patients and controls. RESULTS The frequencies of the 311T>C CLOCK1 gene, CC genotype and C allele were significantly higher among CRC patients compared to controls (P < 0.0001) elevating the CRC risk by 2.78- and 1.78-fold respectively. No correlation was found between G3853A and 4/5 repeats polymorphisms and CRC risk. The C/G/5 and C/G/4 repeats haplotypes were higher in CRC patients (P = 0.0009 and P = 0.038) elevating the CRC risk by 60% and 89% respectively. No correlation was found between any polymorphism and clinicopathological characteristics of CRC patients. CONCLUSION The 311T>C polymorphism in the CLOCK1 gene significantly increases the risk for CRC development while it does not affect the outcome of CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodoros Karantanos
- First Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Wang L, Chen B, Wang Y, Sun N, Lu C, Qian R, Hua L. hClock gene expression in human colorectal carcinoma. Mol Med Rep 2013; 8:1017-22. [PMID: 23970287 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to investigate changes in the expression of human Clock (hClock), a gene at the core of the circadian gene family, in colorectal carcinomas (CRCs) and to discuss the possible effects. Previous studies have revealed that the disruption of circadian rhythms is one of the endogenous factors that contribute to the initiation and development of CRCs. However, the underlying molecular changes to the circadian genes associated with CRCs have not been explored. Immunofluorescence and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis of the hCLOCK protein and gene expression were performed in 30 cases of CRC. The hCLOCK protein was expressed in all specimens obtained from 30 CRC patients. Higher levels of hCLOCK expression were observed in human CRC tissues compared with the paired non-cancerous tissues. hCLOCK expression was significantly higher in poorly differentiated, or late-stage, Dukes' grade tumors and in 64.3% of tumor cases with lymph node metastasis. The hClock gene was expressed in all specimens. A significantly higher expression of hClock was found in human CRC cases compared with paired non-cancerous tissues. There was a strong positive linear correlation between hClock gene expression and protein expression in human CRCs. A strong positive linear correlation was also found between hClock gene expression and ARNT, HIF-1α and VEGF expression in human CRCs. There was no significant correlation between hClock and Bak, Bax, Bid, tumor necrosis factor receptor I (TNFR I) and TNFR II. The circadian gene hClock was stably expressed in human colorectal mucosa and was important in regulating the expression of downstream clock-controlled genes. hCLOCK may interact with HIF-1α/ARNT and activate VEGF to stimulate tumor angiogenesis and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Wang
- Clinical Skills Learning Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
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