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Jiang G, Zhou X, Hu Y, Tan X, Wang D, Yang L, Zhang Q, Liu S. The antipsychotic drug pimozide promotes apoptosis through the RAF/ERK pathway and enhances autophagy in breast cancer cells. Cancer Biol Ther 2024; 25:2302413. [PMID: 38356266 PMCID: PMC10878017 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2024.2302413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The antipsychotic drug pimozide has been demonstrated to inhibit cancer. However, the precise anti-cancer mechanism of pimozide remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of pimozide on human MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines, and the potential involvement in the RAF/ERK signaling. The effects of pimozide on cells were examined by 4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl-3,5-diphenylformazan, wound healing, colony formation, transwell assays, and caspase activity assay. Flow cytometry and acridine orange and ethidium bromide staining were performed to assess changes in cells. Transmission electron microscopy and monodansylcadaverine staining were used to observe autophagosomes. The cyclic adenosine monophosphate was evaluated using the FRET system. Immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, RNA interference, and western blot investigated the expression of proteins. Mechanistically, we focus on the RAF1/ERK signaling. We detected pimozide was docked to RAF1 by Schrodinger software. Pimozide down-regulated the phosphorylation of RAF1, ERK 1/2, Bcl-2, and Bcl-xl, up-regulated Bax, and cleaved caspase-9 to induce apoptosis. Pimozide might promote autophagy by up-regulating cAMP. The enhancement of autophagy increased the conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II and down-regulated p62 expression. But mTOR signaling was not involved in promoting autophagy. The knockdown of RAF1 expression induced autophagy and apoptosis in breast cancer cells, consistent with the results of pimozide or sorafenib alone. Blocked autophagy by chloroquine resulted in the impairment of pimozide-induced apoptosis. These data showed that pimozide inhibits breast cancer by regulating the RAF/ERK signaling pathway and might activate cAMP-induced autophagy to promote apoptosis and it may be a potential drug for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Jiang
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Department of Biology, Life Science and Technology College, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xingzhi Zhou
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Ye Hu
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoyu Tan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Lina Yang
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Qinggao Zhang
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Shuangping Liu
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
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2
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Kitazono I, Akahane T, Sasaki H, Ohi Y, Shinden Y, Takajo T, Tasaki T, Higashi M, Noguchi H, Hisaoka M, Tanimoto A. Malignant phyllodes tumor with EGFR variant III mutation: A rare case report with immunohistochemical and genomic studies. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 259:155389. [PMID: 38850845 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
A female in her 60's presented with a left-sided breast mass. A core needle biopsy specimen showed diffuse proliferation of a round cell tumor, which was positive for vimentin, NKX2.2, BCOR, and focal CD99 on immunohistochemistry (IHC). No fusion genes of the Ewing family sarcomas were detected. With a tentative diagnosis of primary breast sarcoma (PBS), total mastectomy was performed after chemotherapy. The resected tissues showed proliferation of round or spindle-shaped tumor cells with a high nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio, exhibiting solid and fascicular arrangements but no epithelial component or organoid pattern. While IHC indicated no particular histological diagnosis, genomic examination revealed gene alterations in MED12 p.G44D, MLL2 (KMT2D) p.T1496fs*27, and EGFR variant III (vIII). Moreover, a retrospective IHC study showed overexpression of EGFRvIII. A malignant phyllodes tumor (PT) with extensive sarcomatous overgrowth was indicated as an integrative diagnosis. This is a rare case of a malignant PT harboring EGFRvIII. The present case provides an importance of accurate diagnosis and genomic analysis of rare breast tumors, as malignant PT and PBS are different in its treatment strategy and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikumi Kitazono
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Kagoshima University Hospital, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Akahane
- Department of Pathology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Hiromi Sasaki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Yasuyo Ohi
- Department of Pathology, Hakuaikai Sagara Hospital, 3-31 Matsubara-cho, Kagoshima 892-0833, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Shinden
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Tomoko Takajo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Takashi Tasaki
- Department of Pathology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Michiyo Higashi
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Kagoshima University Hospital, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Noguchi
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Kagoshima University Hospital, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Masanori Hisaoka
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Kitakyushu 807-8556, Japan
| | - Akihide Tanimoto
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Kagoshima University Hospital, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan; Department of Pathology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan.
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3
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BHUSARE NILAM, KUMAR MAUSHMI. A review on potential heterocycles for the treatment of glioblastoma targeting receptor tyrosine kinases. Oncol Res 2024; 32:849-875. [PMID: 38686058 PMCID: PMC11055995 DOI: 10.32604/or.2024.047042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma, the most aggressive form of brain tumor, poses significant challenges in terms of treatment success and patient survival. Current treatment modalities for glioblastoma include radiation therapy, surgical intervention, and chemotherapy. Unfortunately, the median survival rate remains dishearteningly low at 12-15 months. One of the major obstacles in treating glioblastoma is the recurrence of tumors, making chemotherapy the primary approach for secondary glioma patients. However, the efficacy of drugs is hampered by the presence of the blood-brain barrier and multidrug resistance mechanisms. Consequently, considerable research efforts have been directed toward understanding the underlying signaling pathways involved in glioma and developing targeted drugs. To tackle glioma, numerous studies have examined kinase-downstream signaling pathways such as RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK-MPAK. By targeting specific signaling pathways, heterocyclic compounds have demonstrated efficacy in glioma therapeutics. Additionally, key kinases including phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), serine/threonine kinase, cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase (CTK), receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) and lipid kinase (LK) have been considered for investigation. These pathways play crucial roles in drug effectiveness in glioma treatment. Heterocyclic compounds, encompassing pyrimidine, thiazole, quinazoline, imidazole, indole, acridone, triazine, and other derivatives, have shown promising results in targeting these pathways. As part of this review, we propose exploring novel structures with low toxicity and high potency for glioma treatment. The development of these compounds should strive to overcome multidrug resistance mechanisms and efficiently penetrate the blood-brain barrier. By optimizing the chemical properties and designing compounds with enhanced drug-like characteristics, we can maximize their therapeutic value and minimize adverse effects. Considering the complex nature of glioblastoma, these novel structures should be rigorously tested and evaluated for their efficacy and safety profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- NILAM BHUSARE
- Somaiya Institute for Research & Consultancy, Somaiya Vidyavihar University, Vidyavihar (East), Mumbai, 400077, India
| | - MAUSHMI KUMAR
- Somaiya Institute for Research & Consultancy, Somaiya Vidyavihar University, Vidyavihar (East), Mumbai, 400077, India
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4
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Carney CP, Pandey N, Kapur A, Saadi H, Ong HL, Chen C, Winkles JA, Woodworth GF, Kim AJ. Impact of Targeting Moiety Type and Protein Corona Formation on the Uptake of Fn14-Targeted Nanoparticles by Cancer Cells. ACS NANO 2023; 17:19667-19684. [PMID: 37812740 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c02575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
The TWEAK receptor, Fn14, is a promising candidate for active targeting of cancer nanotherapeutics to many solid tumor types, including metastatic breast and primary brain cancers. Targeting of therapeutic nanoparticles (NPs) has been accomplished using a range of targeting moieties including monoclonal antibodies and related fragments, peptides, and small molecules. Here, we investigated a full-length Fn14-specific monoclonal antibody, ITEM4, or an ITEM4-Fab fragment as a targeting moiety to guide the development of a clinical formulation. We formulated NPs with varying densities of the targeting moieties while maintaining the decreased nonspecific adhesivity with receptor targeting (DART) characteristics. To model the conditions that NPs experience following intravenous infusion, we investigated the impact of serum exposure in relation to the targeting moiety type and surface density. To further evaluate performance at the cancer cell level, we performed experiments to assess differences in cellular uptake and trafficking in several cancer cell lines using confocal microscopy, imaging flow cytometry, and total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy. We observed that Fn14-targeted NPs exhibit enhanced cellular uptake in Fn14-high compared to Fn14-low cancer cells and that in both cell lines uptake levels were greater than observed with control, nontargeted NPs. We found that serum exposure increased Fn14-targeted NP specificity while simultaneously reducing the total NP uptake. Importantly, serum exposure caused a larger reduction in cancer cell uptake over time when the targeting moiety was an antibody fragment (Fab region of the monoclonal antibody) compared with the full-length monoclonal antibody targeting moiety. Lastly, we uncovered that full monoclonal antibody-targeted NPs enter cancer cells via clathrin-mediated endocytosis and traffic through the endolysosomal pathway. Taken together, these results support a pathway for developing a clinical formulation using a full-length Fn14 monoclonal antibody as the targeting moiety for a DART cancer nanotherapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine P Carney
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Nikhil Pandey
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Anshika Kapur
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Hassan Saadi
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Hwei Ling Ong
- Secretory Physiology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Chixiang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
- Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Jeffrey A Winkles
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Graeme F Woodworth
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, A. James Clarke School of Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Anthony J Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, A. James Clarke School of Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
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5
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Díaz Méndez AB, Sacconi A, Tremante E, Lulli V, Caprara V, Rosanò L, Goeman F, Carosi M, Di Giuliani M, Vari G, Silvani A, Pollo B, Garufi C, Ramponi S, Simonetti G, Ciusani E, Mandoj C, Scalera S, Villani V, Po A, Ferretti E, Regazzo G, Rizzo MG. A diagnostic circulating miRNA signature as orchestrator of cell invasion via TKS4/TKS5/EFHD2 modulation in human gliomas. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:66. [PMID: 36932446 PMCID: PMC10022260 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02639-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered microRNA profiles have been observed not only in tumour tissues but also in biofluids, where they circulate in a stable form thus representing interesting biomarker candidates. This study aimed to identify a microRNA signature as a non-invasive biomarker and to investigate its impact on glioma biology. METHODS MicroRNAs were selected using a global expression profile in preoperative serum samples from 37 glioma patients. Comparison between serum samples from age and gender-matched controls was performed by using the droplet digital PCR. The ROC curve and Kaplan-Meier survival analyses were used to evaluate the diagnostic/prognostic values. The functional role of the identified signature was assessed by gain/loss of function strategies in glioma cells. RESULTS A three-microRNA signature (miR-1-3p/-26a-1-3p/-487b-3p) was differentially expressed in the serum of patients according to the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) genes mutation status and correlated with both patient Overall and Progression Free Survival. The identified signature was also downregulated in the serum of patients compared to controls. Consistent with these results, the signature expression and release in the conditioned medium of glioma cells was lower in IDH-wild type cells compared to the mutated counterpart. Furthermore, in silico analysis of glioma datasets showed a consistent deregulation of the signature according to the IDH mutation status in glioma tumour tissues. Ectopic expression of the signature negatively affects several glioma functions. Notably, it impacts the glioma invasive phenotype by directly targeting the invadopodia-related proteins TKS4, TKS5 and EFHD2. CONCLUSIONS We identified a three microRNA signature as a promising complementary or even an independent non-invasive diagnostic/prognostic biomarker. The signature displays oncosuppressive functions in glioma cells and impacts on proteins crucial for migration and invasion, providing potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Belén Díaz Méndez
- grid.417520.50000 0004 1760 5276Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Translational Oncology Research Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Sacconi
- grid.417520.50000 0004 1760 5276Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit, Clinical Trial Center, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Tremante
- grid.417520.50000 0004 1760 5276Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Translational Oncology Research Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Lulli
- grid.416651.10000 0000 9120 6856Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Caprara
- grid.417520.50000 0004 1760 5276Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Rosanò
- grid.417520.50000 0004 1760 5276Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
- grid.5326.20000 0001 1940 4177Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Frauke Goeman
- grid.417520.50000 0004 1760 5276SAFU Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariantonia Carosi
- grid.417520.50000 0004 1760 5276Pathology Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Di Giuliani
- grid.417520.50000 0004 1760 5276Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Translational Oncology Research Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Vari
- grid.417520.50000 0004 1760 5276Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Translational Oncology Research Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy
- grid.7841.aPhD Program in Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Silvani
- grid.417894.70000 0001 0707 5492Neuro-Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Bianca Pollo
- grid.417894.70000 0001 0707 5492Neuro-Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Garufi
- grid.416308.80000 0004 1805 3485Medical-Oncology Unit, San Camillo Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Ramponi
- grid.416308.80000 0004 1805 3485Medical-Oncology Unit, San Camillo Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgia Simonetti
- grid.417894.70000 0001 0707 5492Neuro-Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Emilio Ciusani
- grid.417894.70000 0001 0707 5492Neuro-Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Mandoj
- grid.417520.50000 0004 1760 5276Clinical Pathology Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Scalera
- grid.417520.50000 0004 1760 5276SAFU Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
- grid.6530.00000 0001 2300 0941PhD Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Veronica Villani
- grid.417520.50000 0004 1760 5276Neuro-Oncology Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Agnese Po
- grid.7841.aDepartment of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Ferretti
- grid.7841.aDepartment of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Regazzo
- grid.417520.50000 0004 1760 5276Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Translational Oncology Research Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Giulia Rizzo
- grid.417520.50000 0004 1760 5276Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Translational Oncology Research Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy
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Cadmium Activates EGFR/STAT5 Signaling to Overcome Calcium Chelation and Promote Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13010116. [PMID: 36671501 PMCID: PMC9855692 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal found in cigarette smoke, as well as in air and drinking water due to agricultural and industrial activities, and it poses a health risk to the general population. Prolonged low-dose Cd exposure via inhalation or ingestion causes lung and kidney cancers in humans and in animal models. While high doses of Cd exposure are correlated with the occupational setting and are cytotoxic, low doses of Cd are mainly correlated with exposure in the general population and induce carcinogenesis. The mechanism by which Cd-exposed cells overcome calcium chelation and induce malignant transformation remains unclear. This study examines how cells exposed to low doses of Cd survive loss of E-cadherin cell-cell adhesion via activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5), which work to upregulate genes associated with survival and proliferation. To demonstrate the role of Cd in EGFR/STAT5 activation, we exposed two epithelial cell lines, BEAS-2B and HEK293, to two different doses (0.4 µM and 1.6 µM) of Cadmium chloride hemipentahydrate (CdCl2·2.5H2O) that are environmentally relevant to levels of Cd found in food and cigarettes for 24 h (hours) and 9 weeks (wks). When comparing cells treated with Cd with control cells, the Cd treated cells exhibited faster proliferation; therefore, we studied activation of EGFR via the STAT5 pathway using immunofluorescence (IF) for protein expression and localization and, in addition, RT-qPCR to examine changes in EGFR/STAT5 inducible genes. Our results showed an increase in EGFR and phosphorylated EGFR (p-EGFR) protein, with 1.6 µM of Cadmium having the highest expression at both 24-hour (hr) and 9-week (wk) exposures. Moreover, the IF analysis also demonstrated an increase of STAT5 and phosphorylated STAT5 (pSTAT5) in both short-term and long-term exposure, with 0.4 µM having the highest expression at 24 h. Finally, via Western blot analysis, we showed that there was a dose-dependent decrease in E-cadherin protein expression and increased N-cadherin in cells treated with low doses of Cd. These data demonstrate that epithelial cells can overcome Cd-mediated toxicity via activation of EGFR pathway to induce cell proliferation and survival and promote epithelial to mesenchymal transition.
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7
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Xu Y, Guo Y, Lu C, Yu L, Fang C, Li C. Polygonatum sibiricum Polysaccharide Inhibited Liver Cancer in a Simulated Tumor Microenvironment by Eliminating TLR4/STAT3 Pathway. Biol Pharm Bull 2023; 46:1249-1259. [PMID: 37661404 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b23-00198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Liver cancer is one of the most aggressive tumors and one of the most common malignant tumors which seriously threatens human health. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) was reported to resist the proliferation and metastasis of liver cancer cells. In this study, we aimed to explore the potential anti-cancer effect of Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide (PSP) on the tumor immune microenvironment in liver cancer cells. HepG2 and Hep3B cells were pretreated in the absence or the presence of PSP (20, 50, 100 µg/mL) for a period of 24 h. Subsequently, dendritic cells (DCs) were co-cultured with HepG2 and Hep3B cell supernatant to investigate the effect of PSP on the tumor microenvironment. The results showed that PSP dose-dependently inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis of HepG2 and Hep3B cells. Meanwhile, PSP dose-dependently inhibited migration, invasion, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of liver cancer cells. In addition, PSP dose-dependently induced inflammatory response of DCs, characterized by increases of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in DCs. Mechanically, PSP dose-dependently reduced the activation of the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and noncanonical nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathways. TLR4 agonist lipopolysaccharide (LPS) reversed the anti-oncogenic effects of PSP in liver cancer cells. Taken together, PSP inhibited liver cancer in a simulated tumor microenvironment by eliminating TLR4/STAT3 pathway. PSP promises an important and useful alternative to liver cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunke Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University
| | - Yong Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University
| | - Changyou Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University
| | - Linlin Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University
| | - Chao Fang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University
| | - Chuntao Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University
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Gumus N, Gunduz C, Tezcanli Kaymaz B. STAT5 inhibitor Pimozide as a probable therapeutic option in overcoming Ponatinib resistance in K562 leukemic cells. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:186-199. [PMID: 34842047 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.2004924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 5 (STAT5) is a transcription factor that plays a key role in neoplasia, triggered by the fusion oncogene BCR-ABL1; it is not only an essential protein for the pathogenesis of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), but also its overexpression is associated with drug resistance developed toward various generations of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKIs); these are still accepted as gold standard therapeutics for the treatment of CML. In this study, it was investigated whether suppression of STAT5 via a "STAT5 inhibitor" Pimozide resulted in any regain of chemosensitivity to third-generation TKI Ponatinib. Accordingly, the experimental work was designed on both parental CML cell line K562WT and its 1 nM Ponatinib-resistant counterpart, indicated as K562-Pon1. Based on the experimental results, Pimozide was more effective in resistant cells compared to wild-type cells for inducing apoptosis and block cell arrest. Combination therapy of Pimozide and Ponatinib demonstrated that STAT5 was a significant protein for regaining chemosensitivity to Ponatinib when its expression was suppressed both at mRNA and protein level. In conclusion, we consider that STAT5 inhibitor Pimozide can be a good alternative or combination therapy with TKIs for patients suffering from chemotherapeutic drug resistance. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurcan Gumus
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Cumhur Gunduz
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
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9
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El Atat O, Naser R, Abdelkhalek M, Habib RA, El Sibai M. Molecular targeted therapy: A new avenue in glioblastoma treatment. Oncol Lett 2022; 25:46. [PMID: 36644133 PMCID: PMC9811647 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2022.13632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma, also referred to as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), is grade IV astrocytoma characterized by being fast-growing and the most aggressive brain tumor. In adults, it is the most prevalent type of malignant brain tumor. Despite the advancements in both diagnosis tools and therapeutic treatments, GBM is still associated with poor survival rate without any statistically significant improvement in the past three decades. Patient's genome signature is one of the key factors causing the development of this tumor, in addition to previous radiation exposure and other environmental factors. Researchers have identified genomic and subsequent molecular alterations affecting core pathways that trigger the malignant phenotype of this tumor. Targeting intrinsically altered molecules and pathways is seen as a novel avenue in GBM treatment. The present review shed light on signaling pathways and intrinsically altered molecules implicated in GBM development. It discussed the main challenges impeding successful GBM treatment, such as the blood brain barrier and tumor microenvironment (TME), the plasticity and heterogeneity of both GBM and TME and the glioblastoma stem cells. The present review also presented current advancements in GBM molecular targeted therapy in clinical trials. Profound and comprehensive understanding of molecular participants opens doors for innovative, more targeted and personalized GBM therapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oula El Atat
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut 1102 2801, Lebanon
| | - Rayan Naser
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut 1102 2801, Lebanon
| | - Maya Abdelkhalek
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut 1102 2801, Lebanon
| | - Ralph Abi Habib
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut 1102 2801, Lebanon
| | - Mirvat El Sibai
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut 1102 2801, Lebanon,Correspondence to: Professor Mirvat El Sibai, Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Koraytem Street, Beirut 1102 2801, Lebanon, E-mail:
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10
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Dubois N, Berendsen S, Tan K, Schoysmans L, Spliet W, Seute T, Bours V, Robe PA. STAT5b is a marker of poor prognosis, rather than a therapeutic target in glioblastomas. Int J Oncol 2022; 61:124. [PMID: 36069226 PMCID: PMC9477105 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2022.5414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The copy number and mRNA expression of STAT5b were assessed in samples from the TCGA repository of glioblastomas (GBM). The activation of this transcription factor was analyzed on tissue microarrays comprising 392 WHO 2016 GBM samples from our clinical practice. These data were correlated with patient survival using multivariable Cox analysis and, for a subset of 167 tumors, with signs of tumor invasiveness on the MRI. The effects of STAT5b knockdown by siRNA were assessed on the growth, therapeutic resistance, invasion and migration of GBM cell lines U87, U87-EGFRVIII and LN18 and primary cultures GM2 and GM3. The activation, but not the copy number or the mRNA expression of nuclear transcription factor STAT5b expression correlated inversely with patient survival independently of IDH1R132H status, age, Karnofsky Performance Score, treatment and tumor volume. STAT5b inhibition neither altered the cell proliferation nor reduced the clonogenic proliferative potency of GBM cells, and did not sensitize them to the cytotoxic effect of ionizing radiation and temozolomide in vitro. STAT5b inhibition significantly increased GBM cell migration, but decreased the invasion of some GBM cells in vitro. There was no correlation between the activation of STAT5b in clinical tumors and the extent of invasion on MRI OF patients. In conclusion, STAT5b is frequently activated in GBM and correlates inversely with patient survival. It does not contribute to the growth and resistance of these tumors, and is thus rather a potential prognostic marker than a therapeutic target in these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadège Dubois
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, and The T&P Bohnenn Laboratory for Neuro‑Oncology, University Medical Center of Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sharon Berendsen
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, and The T&P Bohnenn Laboratory for Neuro‑Oncology, University Medical Center of Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Katherine Tan
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, and The T&P Bohnenn Laboratory for Neuro‑Oncology, University Medical Center of Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Laurent Schoysmans
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center of Liège, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Wim Spliet
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center of Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tatjana Seute
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, and The T&P Bohnenn Laboratory for Neuro‑Oncology, University Medical Center of Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent Bours
- Human Genetics Laboratory, GIGA‑Cancer Center, University of Liège, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Pierre A Robe
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, and The T&P Bohnenn Laboratory for Neuro‑Oncology, University Medical Center of Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
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11
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Guo G, Gong K, Beckley N, Zhang Y, Yang X, Chkheidze R, Hatanpaa KJ, Garzon-Muvdi T, Koduru P, Nayab A, Jenks J, Sathe AA, Liu Y, Xing C, Wu SY, Chiang CM, Mukherjee B, Burma S, Wohlfeld B, Patel T, Mickey B, Abdullah K, Youssef M, Pan E, Gerber DE, Tian S, Sarkaria JN, McBrayer SK, Zhao D, Habib AA. EGFR ligand shifts the role of EGFR from oncogene to tumour suppressor in EGFR-amplified glioblastoma by suppressing invasion through BIN3 upregulation. Nat Cell Biol 2022; 24:1291-1305. [PMID: 35915159 PMCID: PMC9389625 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-022-00962-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a prime oncogene that is frequently amplified in glioblastomas. Here we demonstrate a new tumour-suppressive function of EGFR in EGFR-amplified glioblastomas regulated by EGFR ligands. Constitutive EGFR signalling promotes invasion via activation of a TAB1-TAK1-NF-κB-EMP1 pathway, resulting in large tumours and decreased survival in orthotopic models. Ligand-activated EGFR promotes proliferation and surprisingly suppresses invasion by upregulating BIN3, which inhibits a DOCK7-regulated Rho GTPase pathway, resulting in small hyperproliferating non-invasive tumours and improved survival. Data from The Cancer Genome Atlas reveal that in EGFR-amplified glioblastomas, a low level of EGFR ligands confers a worse prognosis, whereas a high level of EGFR ligands confers an improved prognosis. Thus, increased EGFR ligand levels shift the role of EGFR from oncogene to tumour suppressor in EGFR-amplified glioblastomas by suppressing invasion. The tumour-suppressive function of EGFR can be activated therapeutically using tofacitinib, which suppresses invasion by increasing EGFR ligand levels and upregulating BIN3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao Guo
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ke Gong
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Taikang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Nicole Beckley
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Xiaoyao Yang
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Rati Chkheidze
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Kimmo J Hatanpaa
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Tomas Garzon-Muvdi
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Prasad Koduru
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Arifa Nayab
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer Jenks
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Adwait Amod Sathe
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yan Liu
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Chao Xing
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Population and Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Shwu-Yuan Wu
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Pharamacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Cheng-Ming Chiang
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Pharamacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Bipasha Mukherjee
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Sandeep Burma
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Bryan Wohlfeld
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Toral Patel
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Bruce Mickey
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Kalil Abdullah
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Michael Youssef
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Edward Pan
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - David E Gerber
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Shulan Tian
- Department of Quantitative Heath Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jann N Sarkaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Samuel K McBrayer
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Dawen Zhao
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Amyn A Habib
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
- Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
- VA North Texas Health Care System, Dallas, TX, USA.
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12
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Targeting Acid Ceramidase Inhibits Glioblastoma Cell Migration through Decreased AKT Signaling. Cells 2022; 11:cells11121873. [PMID: 35741006 PMCID: PMC9221433 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) remains one of the most aggressive cancers, partially due to its ability to migrate into the surrounding brain. The sphingolipid balance, or the balance between ceramides and sphingosine-1-phosphate, contributes to the ability of GBM cells to migrate or invade. Of the ceramidases which hydrolyze ceramides, acid ceramidase (ASAH1) is highly expressed in GBM samples compared to non-tumor brain. ASAH1 expression also correlates with genes associated with migration and focal adhesion. To understand the role of ASAH1 in GBM migration, we utilized shRNA knockdown and observed decreased migration that did not depend upon changes in growth. Next, we inhibited ASAH1 using carmofur, a clinically utilized small molecule inhibitor. Inhibition of ASAH1 by carmofur blocks in vitro migration of U251 (GBM cell line) and GBM cells derived from patient-derived xenografts (PDXs). RNA-sequencing suggested roles for carmofur in MAPK and AKT signaling. We found that carmofur treatment decreases phosphorylation of AKT, but not of MAPK. The decrease in AKT phosphorylation was confirmed by shRNA knockdown of ASAH1. Our findings substantiate ASAH1 inhibition using carmofur as a potential clinically relevant treatment to advance GBM therapeutics, particularly due to its impact on migration.
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13
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van Kessel E, Berendsen S, Baumfalk AE, Venugopal H, Krijnen EA, Spliet WGM, van Hecke W, Giuliani F, Seute T, van Zandvoort MJE, Snijders TJ, Robe PA. Tumor-related molecular determinants of neurocognitive deficits in patients with diffuse glioma. Neuro Oncol 2022; 24:1660-1670. [PMID: 35148403 PMCID: PMC9527514 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive impairment is a common and debilitating symptom in patients with diffuse glioma, and is the result of multiple factors. We hypothesized that molecular tumor characteristics influence neurocognitive functioning (NCF), and aimed to identify tumor-related markers of NCF in diffuse glioma patients. METHODS We examined the relation between cognitive performance (executive function, memory, and psychomotor speed) and intratumoral expression levels of molecular markers in treatment-naive patients with diffuse glioma. We performed a single-center study in a consecutive cohort, through a two-step design: (1) hypothesis-free differential expression and gene set enrichment analysis to identify candidate oncogenetic markers for cognitive impairment. Nineteen molecular markers of interest were derived from this set of genes, as well as from prior knowledge; (2) correlation of cognitive performance to intratumoral expression levels of these nineteen molecular markers, measured with immunohistochemistry. RESULTS From 708 included patients with immunohistochemical data, we performed an in-depth analysis of neuropsychological data in 197, and differential expression analysis in 65 patients. After correcting for tumor volume and location, we found significant associations between expression levels of CD3 and IDH-1 and psychomotor speed; between IDH-1, ATRX, NLGN3, BDNF, CK2Beta, EAAT1, GAT-3, SRF, and memory performance; and between IDH-1, P-STAT5b, NLGN3, CK2Beta, and executive functioning. P-STAT5b, CD163, CD3, and Semaphorin-3A were independently associated after further correction for histopathological grade. CONCLUSION Molecular characteristics of glioma can be independent determinants of patients' cognitive functioning. This suggests that besides tumor volume, location, and histological grade, variations in glioma biology influence cognitive performance through mechanisms that include perturbation of neuronal communication. These results pave the way towards targeted cognition improving therapies in neuro-oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma van Kessel
- Corresponding Author: Emma van Kesssel, MD, University Medical Center Utrecht, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, internal address G03.232, PO Box 85500, 3508 XC Utrecht, The Netherlands ()
| | - Sharon Berendsen
- University Medical Center Utrecht, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anniek E Baumfalk
- University Medical Center Utrecht, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hema Venugopal
- University Medical Center Utrecht, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Eva A Krijnen
- University Medical Center Utrecht, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wim G M Spliet
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Pathology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wim van Hecke
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Pathology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Fabrizio Giuliani
- University Medical Center Utrecht, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tatjana Seute
- University Medical Center Utrecht, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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14
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Wang F, Liu X, Jiang H, Chen B. A promising glycolysis and immune related prognostic signature for glioblastoma (GBM). World Neurosurg 2022; 161:e363-e375. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2022.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Barzegar Behrooz A, Talaie Z, Jusheghani F, Łos MJ, Klonisch T, Ghavami S. Wnt and PI3K/Akt/mTOR Survival Pathways as Therapeutic Targets in Glioblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031353. [PMID: 35163279 PMCID: PMC8836096 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a devastating type of brain tumor, and current therapeutic treatments, including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation, are palliative at best. The design of effective and targeted chemotherapeutic strategies for the treatment of GBM require a thorough analysis of specific signaling pathways to identify those serving as drivers of GBM progression and invasion. The Wnt/β-catenin and PI3K/Akt/mTOR (PAM) signaling pathways are key regulators of important biological functions that include cell proliferation, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), metabolism, and angiogenesis. Targeting specific regulatory components of the Wnt/β-catenin and PAM pathways has the potential to disrupt critical brain tumor cell functions to achieve critical advancements in alternative GBM treatment strategies to enhance the survival rate of GBM patients. In this review, we emphasize the importance of the Wnt/β-catenin and PAM pathways for GBM invasion into brain tissue and explore their potential as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Barzegar Behrooz
- Brain Cancer Department, Asu vanda Gene Industrial Research Company, Tehran 1533666398, Iran; (A.B.B.); (Z.T.)
| | - Zahra Talaie
- Brain Cancer Department, Asu vanda Gene Industrial Research Company, Tehran 1533666398, Iran; (A.B.B.); (Z.T.)
| | - Fatemeh Jusheghani
- Department of Biotechnology, Asu vanda Gene Industrial Research Company, Tehran 1533666398, Iran;
| | - Marek J. Łos
- Biotechnology Center, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
| | - Thomas Klonisch
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada;
- Department of Pathology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
- Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Care Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada;
- Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Care Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
- Biology of Breathing Theme, Children Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Katowice School of Technology, 40-555 Katowice, Poland
- Correspondence:
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16
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Persico M, Abbruzzese C, Matteoni S, Matarrese P, Campana AM, Villani V, Pace A, Paggi MG. Tackling the Behavior of Cancer Cells: Molecular Bases for Repurposing Antipsychotic Drugs in the Treatment of Glioblastoma. Cells 2022; 11:cells11020263. [PMID: 35053377 PMCID: PMC8773942 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is associated with a very dismal prognosis, and current therapeutic options still retain an overall unsatisfactorily efficacy in clinical practice. Therefore, novel therapeutic approaches and effective medications are highly needed. Since the development of new drugs is an extremely long, complex and expensive process, researchers and clinicians are increasingly considering drug repositioning/repurposing as a valid alternative to the standard research process. Drug repurposing is also under active investigation in GBM therapy, since a wide range of noncancer and cancer therapeutics have been proposed or investigated in clinical trials. Among these, a remarkable role is played by the antipsychotic drugs, thanks to some still partially unexplored, interesting features of these agents. Indeed, antipsychotic drugs have been described to interfere at variable incisiveness with most hallmarks of cancer. In this review, we analyze the effects of antipsychotics in oncology and how these drugs can interfere with the hallmarks of cancer in GBM. Overall, according to available evidence, mostly at the preclinical level, it is possible to speculate that repurposing of antipsychotics in GBM therapy might contribute to providing potentially effective and inexpensive therapies for patients with this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Persico
- Cellular Networks and Molecular Therapeutic Targets, Proteomics Unit, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy; (M.P.); (C.A.); (S.M.)
| | - Claudia Abbruzzese
- Cellular Networks and Molecular Therapeutic Targets, Proteomics Unit, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy; (M.P.); (C.A.); (S.M.)
| | - Silvia Matteoni
- Cellular Networks and Molecular Therapeutic Targets, Proteomics Unit, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy; (M.P.); (C.A.); (S.M.)
| | - Paola Matarrese
- Center for Gender Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00162 Rome, Italy;
| | - Anna Maria Campana
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA;
| | - Veronica Villani
- Neuro-Oncology, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy; (V.V.); (A.P.)
| | - Andrea Pace
- Neuro-Oncology, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy; (V.V.); (A.P.)
| | - Marco G. Paggi
- Cellular Networks and Molecular Therapeutic Targets, Proteomics Unit, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy; (M.P.); (C.A.); (S.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-52662550
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17
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You F, Zhang C, Liu X, Ji D, Zhang T, Yu R, Gao S. Drug repositioning: Using psychotropic drugs for the treatment of glioma. Cancer Lett 2021; 527:140-149. [PMID: 34923043 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Psychotropic drugs can penetrate the blood-brain barrier and regulate the levels of neurotransmitters and neuromodulators such as γ-aminobutyric acid, glutamate, serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine in the brain, and thus influence neuronal activity. Neuronal activity in the tumor microenvironment can promote the growth and expansion of glioma. There is increasing evidence that in addition to their use in the treatment of mental disorders, antipsychotic, antidepressant, and mood-stabilizing drugs have clinical potential for cancer therapy. These drugs have been shown to inhibit the malignant progression of glioma by targeting signaling pathways related to cell proliferation, apoptosis, or invasion/migration or by increasing the sensitivity of glioma cells to conventional chemotherapy or radiotherapy. In this review, we summarize findings from preclinical and clinical studies investigating the use of antipsychotics, antidepressants, and mood stabilizers in the treatment of various types of cancer, with a focus on glioma; and discuss their presumed antitumor mechanisms. The existing evidence indicates that psychotropic drugs with established pharmacologic and safety profiles can be repurposed as anticancer agents, thus providing new options for the treatment of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangting You
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Nervous System Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huai-Hai Road, Xuzhou, 221002, China
| | - Caiyi Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Xuzhou Oriental Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 379 Tong-Shan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huai-Hai Road, Xuzhou, 221002, China
| | - Daofei Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 32 Mei-Jian Road, Xuzhou, 221006, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Nervous System Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huai-Hai Road, Xuzhou, 221002, China.
| | - Rutong Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Nervous System Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huai-Hai Road, Xuzhou, 221002, China.
| | - Shangfeng Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Nervous System Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huai-Hai Road, Xuzhou, 221002, China.
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18
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Cheng YY, Yang X, Gao X, Song SX, Yang MF, Xie FM. LGR6 promotes glioblastoma malignancy and chemoresistance by activating the Akt signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1364. [PMID: 34659510 PMCID: PMC8515564 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemoresistance is the primary cause of the poor outcome of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) therapy. Leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptor 6 (LGR6) is involved in the growth and proliferation of several types of cancer, including gastric cancer and ovarian cancer. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the role of LGR6 in GBM malignancy and chemoresistance. Cell counting kit-8 and Matrigel®-Transwell assays were conducted to assess GBM cell viability and invasion. The effect of LGR6 on cell cycle progression and activation of Akt signaling was analyzed by performing propidium iodide staining and western blotting, respectively. The results demonstrated that LGR6, a microRNA-1236-3p target candidate, promoted GBM cell viability and invasion, and mediated temozolomide sensitivity in SHG-44 and U251 GBM cells. In addition, LGR6 triggered the activation of the Akt signaling pathway during GBM progression. Collectively, the results of the present study suggested that LGR6 promoted GBM malignancy and chemoresistance, at least in part, by activating the Akt signaling pathway. The results may aid with the identification of a novel therapeutic target and strategy for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yuan Cheng
- Department of Oncology, Tai'an Central Hospital, Tai'an, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| | - Xue Yang
- Department of Oncology, Tai'an Central Hospital, Tai'an, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| | - Xin Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, P.R. China
| | - Si Xin Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, Shandong 270000, P.R. China
| | - Ming Feng Yang
- Institute of Basic Medicine of Shangdong, First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, Shandong 270000, P.R. China
| | - Fang Min Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, Shandong 270000, P.R. China
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19
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Ni Y, Hu BC, Wu GH, Shao ZQ, Zheng Y, Zhang R, Jin J, Hong J, Yang XH, Sun RH, Liu JQ, Mo SJ. Interruption of neutrophil extracellular traps formation dictates host defense and tubular HOXA5 stability to augment efficacy of anti-Fn14 therapy against septic AKI. Theranostics 2021; 11:9431-9451. [PMID: 34646379 PMCID: PMC8490525 DOI: 10.7150/thno.61902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunosuppressive, inflammatory microenvironment orchestrated by neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) plays a principal role in pathogenesis of sepsis. Fibroblast growth factor-inducible molecule 14 (Fn14) has been established as a potential target for septic acute kidney injury (AKI), making further therapeutic benefits from combined NETs and Fn14 blockade possible. Methods: The concurrence of NETs and Fn14 in mice and patients with septic AKI were assessed by immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and in silico studies. Survival, histopathological and biochemical analyses of wild-type and PAD4-deficient CMV-Cre; PAD4 fl/fl mice with septic AKI were applied to evaluate the efficacy of either pharmacological or genetic NETs interruption in combination with Fn14 blockade. Molecular mechanisms underlying such effects were determined by CRISPR technology, fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis (FACS), cycloheximide (CHX) pulse-chase, luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay. Results: NETs formation is concurred with Fn14 upregulation in murine AKI models of abdominal, endotoxemic, multidrug-resistant sepsis as well as in serum samples of patients with septic AKI. Pharmacological or genetic interruption of NETs formation synergizes with ITEM-2, a monoclonal antibody (mAb) of Fn14, to prolong mice survival and provide renal protection against abdominal sepsis, the effects that could be abrogated by elimination of macrophages. Interrupting NETs formation predominantly perpetuates infiltration and survival of efferocytic growth arrest-specific protein 6+ (GAS6+) macrophages in combination with ITEM-2 therapy and enhances transcription of tubular cell-intrinsic Fn14 in a DNA methyltransferase 3a (DNMT3a)-independent manner through dismantling the proteasomes-mediated turnover of homeobox protein Hox-A5 (HOXA5) upon abdominal sepsis challenge or LPS stimuli. Pharmacological NETs interruption potentiates the anti-septic AKI efficacy of ITEM-2 in murine models of endotoxemic and multidrug-resistant sepsis. Conclusion: Our preclinical data propose that interrupting NETs formation in combination with Fn14 mAb might be a feasible therapeutic strategy for septic AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Ni
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Bang-Chuan Hu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Hua Wu
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Zi-Qiang Shao
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Yang Zheng
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Run Zhang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Jun Jin
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Jun Hong
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Xiang-Hong Yang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Ren-Hua Sun
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Quan Liu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Jing Mo
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, P.R. China
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20
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Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is characterized by a high morbidity and mortality, highlighting a great need for a better understanding of biological mechanisms that affect OC progression and improving its early detection methods. This study investigates effects of prolactin (PRL) on ovarian cancer cells, analyzes PRL receptors (PRLR) in tissue micro arrays and relates PRLR expression to survival of ovarian cancer. A database, composed of transcript profiles from OC, was searched for PRLR expression and results were put in relation to survival. Expression of PRLR in OC tissue sections and OC cell lines SKOV3, OV2008 and OVSAHO was assessed using immunohistochemistry, western blots and quantitative real-time PCR. The biological function of PRLR was evaluated by proliferation, colony formation and wound healing assays. Levels of PRLR mRNA are related to survival; in epithelial OC a high PRLR mRNA expression is related to a shorter survival. Analysis of a tissue micro array consisting of 84 OC showed that 72% were positive for PRLR immuno-staining. PRLR staining tended to be higher in OC of high grade tumors compared to lower grades. PRLR mRNA and protein can further be detected in OC cell lines. Moreover, in vitro treatment with PRL significantly activated the JAK/STAT pathway. PRLR expression is associated with OC survivals. PRL and its receptor may play an onco-modulatory role and promote tumor aggressiveness in OC. Alternatively, increased PRLR levels may form a base for the development of PRLR antagonist or PRLR antagonist-drug conjugate to increase selective uptake of anti-cancer drugs.
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21
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Li Z, Chen C, Chen L, Hu D, Yang X, Zhuo W, Chen Y, Yang J, Zhou Y, Mao M, Zhang X, Xu L, Ju S, Shen J, Wang Q, Dong M, Xie S, Wei Q, Jia Y, Zhou J, Wang L. STAT5a Confers Doxorubicin Resistance to Breast Cancer by Regulating ABCB1. Front Oncol 2021; 11:697950. [PMID: 34336684 PMCID: PMC8320598 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.697950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemoresistance is a daunting challenge to the prognosis of patients with breast cancer. Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 5a plays vital roles in the development of various cancers, but its function in breast cancer is controversial, and its role in chemoresistance in breast cancer remains unexplored. Here we identified STAT5a as a chemoresistance inducer that regulates the expression of ABCB1 in breast cancer and can be targeted by pimozide, an FDA-approved psychotropic drug. First, we found that STAT5a and ABCB1 were expressed at higher levels in doxorubicin-resistant cell lines and chemoresistant patients, and their expression was positively correlated. Then, we confirmed the essential roles of STAT5a and ABCB1 in doxorubicin resistance in breast cancer cells and the regulation of ABCB1 transcription by STAT5a. Subsequently, the efficacy of pimozide in inhibiting STAT5a and sensitizing doxorubicin-resistant breast cancer cells was tested. Finally, we verified the role of STAT5a in doxorubicin resistance in breast cancer and the efficacy of pimozide in reversing this resistance in vivo. Our study demonstrated the vital role of STAT5a in doxorubicin resistance in breast cancer. Targeting STAT5a might be a promising strategy for treating doxorubicin-resistant breast cancer. Moreover, repurposing pimozide for doxorubicin resensitization is attractive due to the safety profile of pimozide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoqing Li
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cong Chen
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lini Chen
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dengdi Hu
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Affiliated Cixi Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiqian Yang
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Breast Surgical Department, Shaoxing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | - Wenying Zhuo
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Affiliated Cixi Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yongxia Chen
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yulu Zhou
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Misha Mao
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xun Zhang
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Siwei Ju
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Shen
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qinchuan Wang
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Minjun Dong
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuduo Xie
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qun Wei
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunlu Jia
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jichun Zhou
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Linbo Wang
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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22
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Connolly NP, Galisteo R, Xu S, Bar EE, Peng S, Tran NL, Ames HM, Kim AJ, Woodworth GF, Winkles JA. Elevated fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14 expression transforms proneural-like gliomas into more aggressive and lethal brain cancer. Glia 2021; 69:2199-2214. [PMID: 33991013 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
High-grade gliomas (HGGs) are aggressive, treatment-resistant, and often fatal human brain cancers. The TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK)/fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14 (Fn14) signaling axis is involved in tissue repair after injury and constitutive signaling has been implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous solid cancers. The Fn14 gene is expressed at low levels in the normal, uninjured brain but is highly expressed in primary isocitrate dehydrogenase wild-type and recurrent HGGs. Fn14 signaling is implicated in numerous aspects of glioma biology including brain invasion and chemotherapy resistance, but whether Fn14 overexpression can directly promote tumor malignancy has not been reported. Here, we used the replication-competent avian sarcoma-leukosis virus/tumor virus A system to examine the impact of Fn14 expression on glioma development and pathobiology. We found that the sole addition of Fn14 to an established oncogenic cocktail previously shown to generate proneural-like gliomas led to the development of highly invasive and lethal brain cancer with striking biological features including extensive pseudopalisading necrosis, constitutive canonical and noncanonical NF-κB pathway signaling, and high plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) expression. Analyses of HGG patient datasets revealed that high human PAI-1 gene (SERPINE1) expression correlates with shorter patient survival, and that the SERPINE1 and Fn14 (TNFRSF12A) genes are frequently co-expressed in bulk tumor tissues, in tumor subregions, and in malignant cells residing in the tumor microenvironment. These findings provide new insights into the potential importance of Fn14 in human HGG pathobiology and designate both the NF-κB signaling node and PAI-1 as potential targets for therapeutic intervention. MAIN POINTS: This work demonstrates that elevated levels of the TWEAK receptor Fn14 in tumor-initiating, neural progenitor cells leads to the transformation of proneural-like gliomas into more aggressive and lethal tumors that exhibit constitutive NF-κB pathway activation and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina P Connolly
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rebeca Galisteo
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Su Xu
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Center for Advanced Imaging Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Eli E Bar
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sen Peng
- Cancer and Cell Biology Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Nhan L Tran
- Departments of Cancer Biology and Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Heather M Ames
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Anthony J Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Graeme F Woodworth
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Winkles
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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23
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Wang L, Xu D, Cai L, Dai J, Li Y, Xu H. Expression and survival analysis of the STAT gene family in diffuse gliomas using integrated bioinformatics. Curr Res Transl Med 2021; 69:103274. [PMID: 33836320 DOI: 10.1016/j.retram.2020.103274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) belongs to the acyltransferase family and participates in cell viability response to different cell stimuli and pathogens. By mediating the expression of a variety of genes, the STAT family plays a prominent part in mammal immunity, proliferation and differentiation. Dysregulations and mutations of STAT factors have been revealed in many kinds of cancers including diffuse gliomas; however, expression characteristic and prognostic value of STAT in diffuse gliomas remain to be elucidated. In this study, we analyzed the transcriptional and survival data of gliomas using ONCOMINE, cBioPortal, GEPIA, COXPRESDB and WEBGESTALTR databases. The results demonstrated that the transcriptional level of STAT1, STAT3 and STAT5A in gliomas was significantly higher than that in normal tissue. Furthermore, dysregulations of STAT1, STAT3, STAT4, STAT5B and STAT6 were referred to as the potential biomarkers to sub-group analysis of gliomas. Survival analysis by the Kaplan-Meier Plotter suggested that glioma patients with high expression of STAT1, STAT3 and STAT5B tended to have poor survival. These data revealed that the STAT family may be an essential aspect of glioma progression and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, China.
| | - Dan Xu
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, China
| | - Longbiao Cai
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, China
| | - Jia Dai
- Tianmen Power Supply Company, State Grid Corporation of China, Hubei, China
| | - Yirong Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Haibo Xu
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, China.
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24
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Lee SY, Yen IC, Lin JC, Chung MC, Liu WH. 4-Acetylantrocamol LT3 Inhibits Glioblastoma Cell Growth and Downregulates DNA Repair Enzyme O 6-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2021; 49:983-999. [PMID: 33827387 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x21500476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a deadly malignant brain tumor that is resistant to most clinical treatments. Novel therapeutic agents that are effective against GBM are required. Antrodia cinnamomea has shown antiproliferative effects in GBM cells. However, the exact mechanisms and bioactive components remain unclear. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the effect and mechanism of 4-acetylantrocamol LT3 (4AALT3), a new ubiquinone from Antrodia cinnamomeamycelium, in vitro. U87 and U251 cell lines were treated with the indicated concentration of 4AALT3. Cell viability, cell colony-forming ability, migration, and the expression of proteins in well-known signaling pathways involved in the malignant properties of glioblastoma were then analyzed by CCK-8, colony formation, wound healing, and western blotting assays, respectively. We found that 4AALT3 significantly decreased cell viability, colony formation, and cell migration in both in vitro models. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), Hippo/yes-associated protein (YAP), and cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) pathways were suppressed by 4AALT3. Moreover, 4AALT3 decreased the level of DNA repair enzyme O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase and showed a synergistic effect with temozolomide. Our findings provide the basis for exploring the beneficial effect of 4AALT3 on GBM in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Yu Lee
- Graduate Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Chuan Yen
- School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jang-Chun Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Chieh Chung
- Graduate Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hsiu Liu
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Neurological Surgery Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, No. 325, Sec. 2 Cheng-Kung Road Taipei 11490, Taiwan
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25
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Planell N, Lagani V, Sebastian-Leon P, van der Kloet F, Ewing E, Karathanasis N, Urdangarin A, Arozarena I, Jagodic M, Tsamardinos I, Tarazona S, Conesa A, Tegner J, Gomez-Cabrero D. STATegra: Multi-Omics Data Integration - A Conceptual Scheme With a Bioinformatics Pipeline. Front Genet 2021; 12:620453. [PMID: 33747045 PMCID: PMC7970106 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.620453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Technologies for profiling samples using different omics platforms have been at the forefront since the human genome project. Large-scale multi-omics data hold the promise of deciphering different regulatory layers. Yet, while there is a myriad of bioinformatics tools, each multi-omics analysis appears to start from scratch with an arbitrary decision over which tools to use and how to combine them. Therefore, it is an unmet need to conceptualize how to integrate such data and implement and validate pipelines in different cases. We have designed a conceptual framework (STATegra), aiming it to be as generic as possible for multi-omics analysis, combining available multi-omic anlaysis tools (machine learning component analysis, non-parametric data combination, and a multi-omics exploratory analysis) in a step-wise manner. While in several studies, we have previously combined those integrative tools, here, we provide a systematic description of the STATegra framework and its validation using two The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) case studies. For both, the Glioblastoma and the Skin Cutaneous Melanoma (SKCM) cases, we demonstrate an enhanced capacity of the framework (and beyond the individual tools) to identify features and pathways compared to single-omics analysis. Such an integrative multi-omics analysis framework for identifying features and components facilitates the discovery of new biology. Finally, we provide several options for applying the STATegra framework when parametric assumptions are fulfilled and for the case when not all the samples are profiled for all omics. The STATegra framework is built using several tools, which are being integrated step-by-step as OpenSource in the STATegRa Bioconductor package.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Planell
- Translational Bioinformatics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Vincenzo Lagani
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
- Gnosis Data Analysis P.C., Heraklion, Greece
| | - Patricia Sebastian-Leon
- Department of Genomic and Systems Reproductive Medicine, IVI-RMA (Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad – Reproductive Medicine Associates) IVI Foundation, Valencia, Spain
| | - Frans van der Kloet
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ewoud Ewing
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nestoras Karathanasis
- Institute of Computer Science, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
- Computational Medicine Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Arantxa Urdangarin
- Translational Bioinformatics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Imanol Arozarena
- Cancer Signalling Unit, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Health Research Institute of Navarre (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maja Jagodic
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ioannis Tsamardinos
- Gnosis Data Analysis P.C., Heraklion, Greece
- Computer Science Department, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Sonia Tarazona
- Department of Applied Statistics, Operations Research and Quality, Universitat Politècnica de València, València, Spain
| | - Ana Conesa
- Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute for Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Jesper Tegner
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Unit of Computational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden
| | - David Gomez-Cabrero
- Translational Bioinformatics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Unit of Computational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Mucosal & Salivary Biology DivisionKing’s College London Dental Institute, London, United Kingdom
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26
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Ou A, Ott M, Fang D, Heimberger AB. The Role and Therapeutic Targeting of JAK/STAT Signaling in Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:437. [PMID: 33498872 PMCID: PMC7865703 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma remains one of the deadliest and treatment-refractory human malignancies in large part due to its diffusely infiltrative nature, molecular heterogeneity, and capacity for immune escape. The Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway contributes substantively to a wide variety of protumorigenic functions, including proliferation, anti-apoptosis, angiogenesis, stem cell maintenance, and immune suppression. We review the current state of knowledge regarding the biological role of JAK/STAT signaling in glioblastoma, therapeutic strategies, and future directions for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Ou
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Martina Ott
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA; (M.O.); (D.F.)
| | - Dexing Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA; (M.O.); (D.F.)
| | - Amy B. Heimberger
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA; (M.O.); (D.F.)
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Scholz N, Kurian KM, Siebzehnrubl FA, Licchesi JDF. Targeting the Ubiquitin System in Glioblastoma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:574011. [PMID: 33324551 PMCID: PMC7724090 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.574011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common primary brain tumor in adults with poor overall outcome and 5-year survival of less than 5%. Treatment has not changed much in the last decade or so, with surgical resection and radio/chemotherapy being the main options. Glioblastoma is highly heterogeneous and frequently becomes treatment-resistant due to the ability of glioblastoma cells to adopt stem cell states facilitating tumor recurrence. Therefore, there is an urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies. The ubiquitin system, in particular E3 ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinating enzymes, have emerged as a promising source of novel drug targets. In addition to conventional small molecule drug discovery approaches aimed at modulating enzyme activity, several new and exciting strategies are also being explored. Among these, PROteolysis TArgeting Chimeras (PROTACs) aim to harness the endogenous protein turnover machinery to direct therapeutically relevant targets, including previously considered "undruggable" ones, for proteasomal degradation. PROTAC and other strategies targeting the ubiquitin proteasome system offer new therapeutic avenues which will expand the drug development toolboxes for glioblastoma. This review will provide a comprehensive overview of E3 ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinating enzymes in the context of glioblastoma and their involvement in core signaling pathways including EGFR, TGF-β, p53 and stemness-related pathways. Finally, we offer new insights into how these ubiquitin-dependent mechanisms could be exploited therapeutically for glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Scholz
- Department of Biology & Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Kathreena M. Kurian
- Brain Tumour Research Group, Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Florian A. Siebzehnrubl
- Cardiff University School of Biosciences, European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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Li X, Tao Z, Wang H, Deng Z, Zhou Y, Du Z. Dual inhibition of Src and PLK1 regulate stemness and induce apoptosis through Notch1-SOX2 signaling in EGFRvIII positive glioma stem cells (GSCs). Exp Cell Res 2020; 396:112261. [PMID: 32896567 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Glioma stem cells (GSCs) have been implicated in the promotion of malignant progression. Epidermal growth factor receptor variant (EGFRv) has been associated with glioma "stemness". However, the molecular mechanism is not clear. In this study, we were committed to investigate the role of EGFRv in GSCs and presented a new therapeutic target in EGFRvIII positive GSCs. The results showed that EGFRvIII could induce the expression of p-Src and PLK1, and both could induce the Notch1-SOX2 signaling pathway to promote self-renewal and tumor progression of GSCs. Mechanistically, both p-Src and PLK1 can induce Notch1, and the intracellular domain of Notch1 (NICD) can directly bind to SOX2, thereby promoting the maintenance of glioma stem cells. Furthermore, Saracatinib (Src inhibition) and BI2536 (PLK1 inhibition) diminished GSC self-renewal in vitro, and combining the two inhibitors increased survival of orthotopic tumor-bearing mice. Taken together, these data indicate that p-Src and PLK1 contribute to cancer stemness in EGFRvIII-positive GSCs by driving Notch1-SOX2 signaling, a finding that has important clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuetao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhennan Tao
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhitong Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Youxin Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Ziwei Du
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Asad AS, Nicola Candia AJ, Gonzalez N, Zuccato CF, Seilicovich A, Candolfi M. The role of the prolactin receptor pathway in the pathogenesis of glioblastoma: what do we know so far? Expert Opin Ther Targets 2020; 24:1121-1133. [PMID: 32896197 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2020.1821187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Prolactin (PRL) and its receptor (PRLR) have been associated with the development of hormone-dependent tumors and have been detected in glioblastoma (GBM) biopsies. GBM is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor in adults and the prognosis for patients is dismal; hence researchers are exploring the PRLR pathway as a therapeutic target in this disease. Areas covered: This paper explores the effects of PRLR activation on the biology of GBM, the correlation between PRL and PRLR expression and GBM progression and survival in male and female patients. Finally, we discuss how a better understanding of the PRLR pathway may allow the development of novel treatments for GBM. Expert opinion: We propose PRL and PRLR as potential prognosis biomarkers and therapeutic targets in GBM. Local administration of PRLR inhibitors using gene therapy may offer a beneficial strategy for targeting GBM cells disseminated in the non-neoplastic brain; however, efficacy and safety require careful and extensive evaluation. The data depicted herein underline the need to (i) improve our understanding of sexual dimorphism in GBM, and (ii) develop accurate preclinical models that take into consideration different hormonal contexts, specific genetic alterations, and tumor grades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonela S Asad
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro J Nicola Candia
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nazareno Gonzalez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Camila F Zuccato
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adriana Seilicovich
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires, Argentina.,departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marianela Candolfi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Glioblastoma Multiforme Stem Cell Cycle Arrest by Alkylaminophenol Through the Modulation of EGFR and CSC Signaling Pathways. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030681. [PMID: 32164385 PMCID: PMC7140667 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs), a small subpopulation of cells existing in the tumor microenvironment promoting cell proliferation and growth. Targeting the stemness of the CSC population would offer a vital therapeutic opportunity. 3,4-Dihydroquinolin-1(2H)-yl)(p-tolyl)methyl)phenol (THTMP), a small synthetic phenol compound, is proposed to play a significant role in controlling the CSC proliferation and survival. We assessed the potential therapeutic effects of THTMP on glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and its underlying mechanism in various signaling pathways. To fully comprehend the effect of THTMP on the CSCs, CD133+ GBM stem cell (GSC) and CD133- GBM Non-stem cancer cells (NSCC) population from LN229 and SNB19 cell lines was used. Cell cycle arrest, apoptosis assay and transcriptome analysis were performed for individual cell population. THTMP strongly inhibited NSCC and in a subtle way for GSC in a time-dependent manner and inhibit the resistance variants better than that of temozolomide (TMZ). THTMP arrest the CSC cell population at both G1/S and G2/M phase and induce ROS-mediated apoptosis. Gene expression profiling characterize THTMP as an inhibitor of the p53 signaling pathway causing DNA damage and cell cycle arrest in CSC population. We show that the THTMP majorly affects the EGFR and CSC signaling pathways. Specifically, modulation of key genes involved in Wnt, Notch and Hedgehog, revealed the significant role of THTMP in disrupting the CSCs’ stemness and functions. Moreover, THTMP inhibited cell growth, proliferation and metastasis of multiple mesenchymal patient-tissue derived GBM-cell lines. THTMP arrests GBM stem cell cycle through the modulation of EGFR and CSC signaling pathways.
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Asad AS, Nicola Candia AJ, Gonzalez N, Zuccato CF, Abt A, Orrillo SJ, Lastra Y, De Simone E, Boutillon F, Goffin V, Seilicovich A, Pisera DA, Ferraris MJ, Candolfi M. Prolactin and its receptor as therapeutic targets in glioblastoma multiforme. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19578. [PMID: 31862900 PMCID: PMC6925187 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55860-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although prolactin (PRL) and its receptor (PRLR) have been detected in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), their role in its pathogenesis remains unclear. Our aim was to explore their contribution in GBM pathogenesis. We detected PRL and PRLR in all GBM cell lines tested. PRLR activation or overexpression using plasmid transfection increased proliferation, viability, clonogenicity, chemoresistance and matrix metalloproteinase activity in GBM cells, while PRLR antagonist ∆1–9-G129R-hPRL reduced their proliferation, viability, chemoresistance and migration. Meta-analysis of transcriptomic data indicated that PRLR was expressed in all grade II-III glioma (GII-III) and GBM samples. PRL was upregulated in GBM biopsies when compared to GII-III. While in the general population tumour PRL/PRLR expression did not correlate with patient survival, biological sex-stratified analyses revealed that male patients with PRL+/PRLRHIGH GBM performed worse than PRL+/PRLRLOW GBM. In contrast, all male PRL+/PRLRHIGH GII-III patients were alive whereas only 30% of PRL+/PRLRLOW GII-III patients survived after 100 months. Our study suggests that PRLR may be involved in GBM pathogenesis and could constitute a therapeutic target for its treatment. Our findings also support the notion that sexual dimorphism should be taken into account to improve the care of GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonela Sofía Asad
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro Javier Nicola Candia
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nazareno Gonzalez
- Max Planck Laboratory for Structural Biology, Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics of Rosario (MPLbioR), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Camila Florencia Zuccato
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Araceli Abt
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Santiago Jordi Orrillo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Yael Lastra
- Cátedra de Fisiología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Emilio De Simone
- Cátedra de Fisiología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florence Boutillon
- Inserm U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Faculty of Medicine, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Goffin
- Inserm U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Faculty of Medicine, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Adriana Seilicovich
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel Alberto Pisera
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Jimena Ferraris
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marianela Candolfi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Liu HW, Lee PM, Bamodu OA, Su YK, Fong IH, Yeh CT, Chien MH, Kan IH, Lin CM. Enhanced Hsa-miR-181d/p-STAT3 and Hsa-miR-181d/p-STAT5A Ratios Mediate the Anticancer Effect of Garcinol in STAT3/5A-Addicted Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11121888. [PMID: 31783691 PMCID: PMC6966688 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Glioblastoma (GBM), a malignant grade IV tumor, is the most malignant brain tumor due to its hyper-proliferative and apoptosis-evading characteristics. The signal transducer and activators of transcription (STAT) family genes, including STAT3 and STAT5A, have been indicated to play important roles in GBM progression. Increasing number of reports suggest that garcinol, a polyisoprenylated benzophenone and major bioactive component of Garcinia indica contains potent anti-cancer activities. Material and Methods: The present study investigated the anti-GBM effects of garcinol, focusing on the STAT3/STAT5A activation, using a combination of bioinformatics, in vitro, and ex vivo assays. Results: Our bioinformatics analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)–GBM cohort (n = 173) showed that STAT3 and STAT5A are preferentially elevated in primary and recurrent GBM, compared to non-tumor brain tissues, and is significantly correlated with reduced overall survival. In support, our immunohistochemical staining of a GBM cohort (n = 45) showed an estimated 5.3-fold (p < 0.001) elevation in STAT3 and STAT5A protein expression in primary and recurrent GBM versus the non-tumor group. In vitro, garcinol treatment significantly suppressed the proliferative, invasive, and migratory potential of U87MG or GBM8401 cells, dose-dependently. In addition, garcinol anticancer effect significantly attenuated the GBM stem cell-like phenotypes, as reflected by diminished ability of U87MG or GBM8401 to form colonies and tumorspheres and suppressed expression of OCT4 and SOX2. Furthermore, analysis on GBM transcriptome revealed an inverse correlation between the level of STAT3/5A and hsa-miR-181d. Garcinol-mediated anti-GBM effects were associated with an increased hsa-miR-181d/STAT3 and hsa-miR-181d/5A ratio. The results were further verified in vivo using U87MG mouse xenograft model where administration of garcinol significantly inhibited tumor growth. Conclusions: We present evidence of anti-GBM efficacy of garcinol mediated by enhancing the hsa-miR-181d/STAT3 and hsa-miR-181d/5A ratios in GBM cells. Our findings suggest a potential new therapeutic agent for combating aggressive GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng-Wei Liu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan; (H.-W.L.); (Y.-K.S.); (C.-T.Y.); (M.-H.C.)
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan;
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Peter Mingjui Lee
- Department of Clinical Oncology, College of Medicine, California North State University, Elk Grove, CA 95757, USA;
| | - Oluwaseun Adebayo Bamodu
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University—Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research and Education, Taipei Medical University—Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Kai Su
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan; (H.-W.L.); (Y.-K.S.); (C.-T.Y.); (M.-H.C.)
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan;
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Iat-Hang Fong
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan;
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Chi-Tai Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan; (H.-W.L.); (Y.-K.S.); (C.-T.Y.); (M.-H.C.)
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University—Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research and Education, Taipei Medical University—Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu City 30015, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsien Chien
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan; (H.-W.L.); (Y.-K.S.); (C.-T.Y.); (M.-H.C.)
| | - I-Hung Kan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan; (H.-W.L.); (Y.-K.S.); (C.-T.Y.); (M.-H.C.)
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan;
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (I.-H.K.); (C.-M.L.); Tel.: +886-2-2490088 (ext. 8881) (I.-H.K.)
| | - Chien-Min Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan; (H.-W.L.); (Y.-K.S.); (C.-T.Y.); (M.-H.C.)
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan;
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (I.-H.K.); (C.-M.L.); Tel.: +886-2-2490088 (ext. 8881) (I.-H.K.)
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Inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase by PX-866 suppresses temozolomide-induced autophagy and promotes apoptosis in glioblastoma cells. Mol Med 2019; 25:49. [PMID: 31726966 PMCID: PMC6854621 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-019-0116-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Temozolomide (TMZ) is the most commonly used chemotherapeutic agent used to treat glioblastoma (GBM), which causes significant DNA damage to highly proliferative cells. Our observations have added to accumulating evidence that TMZ induces stress-responsive cellular programs known to promote cell survival, including autophagy. As such, targeting these survival pathways may represent new vulnerabilities of GBM after treatment with TMZ. Methods Using the T98G human glioma cell line, we assessed the molecular signaling associated with TMZ treatment, the cellular consequences of using the pan-PI3K inhibitor PX-866, and performed clonogenic assays to determine the effect sequential treatment of TMZ and PX-866 had on colony formation. Additionally, we also use subcutaneous GBM patient derived xenograft (PDX) tumors to show relative LC3 protein expression and correlations between survival pathways and molecular markers which dictate clinical responsiveness to TMZ. Results Here, we report that TMZ can induce autophagic flux in T98G glioma cells. GBM patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tumors treated with TMZ also display an increase in the autophagosome marker LC3 II. Additionally, O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT) expression correlates with PI3K/AKT activity, suggesting that patients with inherent resistance to TMZ (MGMT-high) would benefit from PI3K/AKT inhibitors in addition to TMZ. Accordingly, we have identified that the blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetrant pan-PI3K inhibitor, PX-866, is an early-stage inhibitor of autophagic flux, while maintaining its ability to inhibit PI3K/AKT signaling in glioma cells. Lastly, due to the induction of autophagic flux by TMZ, we provide evidence for sequential treatment of TMZ followed by PX-866, rather than combined co-treatment, as a means to shut down autophagy-induced survival in GBM cells and to enhance apoptosis. Conclusions The understanding of how TMZ induces survival pathways, such as autophagy, may offer new therapeutic vulnerabilities and opportunities to use sequential inhibition of alternate pro-survival pathways that regulate autophagy. As such, identification of additional ways to inhibit TMZ-induced autophagy could enhance the efficacy of TMZ.
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Memarzadeh K, Savage DJ, Bean AJ. Low UBE4B expression increases sensitivity of chemoresistant neuroblastoma cells to EGFR and STAT5 inhibition. Cancer Biol Ther 2019; 20:1416-1429. [PMID: 31475882 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2019.1647049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the most common malignancy in infants. Overexpression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in neuroblastoma tumors underlies resistance to chemotherapeutics. UBE4B, an E3/E4 ubiquitin ligase involved in EGFR degradation, is located on chromosome 1p36, a region in which loss of heterozygosity is observed in approximately one-third of neuroblastoma tumors and is correlated with poor prognosis. In chemoresistant neuroblastoma cells, depletion of UBE4B yielded significantly reduced cell proliferation and migration, and enhanced apoptosis in response to EGFR inhibitor, Cetuximab. We have previously shown that UBE4B levels are inversely correlated with EGFR levels in neuroblastoma tumors. We searched for additional targets of UBE4B that mediate cellular alterations associated with tumorogenesis in chemoresistant neuroblastoma cells depleted of UBE4B using reverse phase protein arrays. The expression of STAT5a, an effector protein downstream of EGFR, doubled in the absence of UBE4B, and verified by quantitative immunoblotting. Chemoresistant neuroblastoma cells were treated with SH-4-54, a STAT5 inhibitor, and observed insignificant effects on cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. However, SH-4-54 significantly enhanced the anti-proliferative and anti-migratory effects of Cetuximab in naïve SK-N-AS neuroblastoma cells. Interestingly, in UBE4B depleted SK-N-AS cells, SH-4-54 significantly potentiated the effect of Cetuximab rendering cells increasingly sensitive an otherwise minimally effective Cetuximab concentration. Thus, neuroblastoma cells with low UBE4B levels were significantly more sensitive to combined EGFR and STAT5 inhibition than parental cells. These findings may have potential therapeutic implications for patients with 1p36 chromosome LOH and low tumor UBE4B expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimiya Memarzadeh
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences , Houston , TX , USA
| | - David J Savage
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Andrew J Bean
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences , Houston , TX , USA.,Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, McGovern Medical School , Houston , TX , USA.,Program in Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences , Houston , TX , USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
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Epilepsy Associates with Decreased HIF-1α/STAT5b Signaling in Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11010041. [PMID: 30621209 PMCID: PMC6356242 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy at presentation is an independent favorable prognostic factor in glioblastoma (GBM). In this study, we analyze the oncologic signaling pathways that associate with epilepsy in human GBMs, and that can underlie this prognostic effect. Following ethical approval and patient consent, fresh frozen GBM tissue was obtained from 76 patient surgeries. Hospital records were screened for the presence of seizures at presentation of the disease. mRNA and miRNA expression-based and gene set enrichment analyses were performed on these tissues, to uncover candidate oncologic pathways that associate with epilepsy. We performed qPCR experiments and immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays containing 286 GBMs to further explore the association of these candidate pathways and of markers of mesenchymal transformation (NF-κB, CEBP-β, STAT3, STAT5b, VEGFA, SRF) with epilepsy. Gene sets involved in hypoxia/HIF-1α, STAT5, CEBP-β and epithelial-mesenchymal transformation signaling were significantly downregulated in epileptogenic GBMs. On confirmatory protein expression analyses, epileptogenic tumors were characterized by a significant downregulation of phospho-STAT5b, a target of HIF-1α. Epilepsy status did not associate with molecular subclassification or miRNA expression patterns of the tumors. Epileptogenic GBMs correlate with decreased hypoxia/ HIF-1α/STAT5b signaling compared to glioblastomas that do not present with epilepsy.
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Harder BG, Blomquist MR, Wang J, Kim AJ, Woodworth GF, Winkles JA, Loftus JC, Tran NL. Developments in Blood-Brain Barrier Penetrance and Drug Repurposing for Improved Treatment of Glioblastoma. Front Oncol 2018; 8:462. [PMID: 30406029 PMCID: PMC6206841 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most common, deadly, and difficult-to-treat adult brain tumors. Surgical removal of the tumor, followed by radiotherapy (RT) and temozolomide (TMZ) administration, is the current treatment modality, but this regimen only modestly improves overall patient survival. Invasion of cells into the surrounding healthy brain tissue prevents complete surgical resection and complicates treatment strategies with the goal of preserving neurological function. Despite significant efforts to increase our understanding of GBM, there have been relatively few therapeutic advances since 2005 and even fewer treatments designed to effectively treat recurrent tumors that are resistant to therapy. Thus, while there is a pressing need to move new treatments into the clinic, emerging evidence suggests that key features unique to GBM location and biology, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and intratumoral molecular heterogeneity, respectively, stand as critical unresolved hurdles to effective therapy. Notably, genomic analyses of GBM tissues has led to the identification of numerous gene alterations that govern cell growth, invasion and survival signaling pathways; however, the drugs that show pre-clinical potential against signaling pathways mediated by these gene alterations cannot achieve effective concentrations at the tumor site. As a result, identifying BBB-penetrating drugs and utilizing new and safer methods to enhance drug delivery past the BBB has become an area of intensive research. Repurposing and combining FDA-approved drugs with evidence of penetration into the central nervous system (CNS) has also seen new interest for the treatment of both primary and recurrent GBM. In this review, we discuss emerging methods to strategically enhance drug delivery to GBM and repurpose currently-approved and previously-studied drugs using rational combination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan G Harder
- Departments of Cancer Biology and Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
| | - Mylan R Blomquist
- Departments of Cancer Biology and Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
| | - Junwen Wang
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
| | - Anthony J Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Graeme F Woodworth
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jeffrey A Winkles
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Joseph C Loftus
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
| | - Nhan L Tran
- Departments of Cancer Biology and Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
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Testa U, Castelli G, Pelosi E. Genetic Abnormalities, Clonal Evolution, and Cancer Stem Cells of Brain Tumors. Med Sci (Basel) 2018; 6:E85. [PMID: 30279357 PMCID: PMC6313628 DOI: 10.3390/medsci6040085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain tumors are highly heterogeneous and have been classified by the World Health Organization in various histological and molecular subtypes. Gliomas have been classified as ranging from low-grade astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas to high-grade astrocytomas or glioblastomas. These tumors are characterized by a peculiar pattern of genetic alterations. Pediatric high-grade gliomas are histologically indistinguishable from adult glioblastomas, but they are considered distinct from adult glioblastomas because they possess a different spectrum of driver mutations (genes encoding histones H3.3 and H3.1). Medulloblastomas, the most frequent pediatric brain tumors, are considered to be of embryonic derivation and are currently subdivided into distinct subgroups depending on histological features and genetic profiling. There is emerging evidence that brain tumors are maintained by a special neural or glial stem cell-like population that self-renews and gives rise to differentiated progeny. In many instances, the prognosis of the majority of brain tumors remains negative and there is hope that the new acquisition of information on the molecular and cellular bases of these tumors will be translated in the development of new, more active treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Testa
- Department of Oncology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Germana Castelli
- Department of Oncology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Elvira Pelosi
- Department of Oncology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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