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Kodra AL, Mucida D. To eat or not to eat: type 2 immunity controls food avoidance behavior. Trends Immunol 2023; 44:665-667. [PMID: 37586904 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2023.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that food allergies are regulated by neuroimmune interactions. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Plum et al. and Florsheim et al. identify IgE-mediated mast cell activation, leukotrienes, and growth differentiating factor 15 (GDF15) as key regulators of the avoidance response to food allergens in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albana L Kodra
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Daniel Mucida
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
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2
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Florsheim EB, Bachtel ND, Cullen JL, Lima BGC, Godazgar M, Carvalho F, Chatain CP, Zimmer MR, Zhang C, Gautier G, Launay P, Wang A, Dietrich MO, Medzhitov R. Immune sensing of food allergens promotes avoidance behaviour. Nature 2023; 620:643-650. [PMID: 37437602 PMCID: PMC10432274 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06362-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
In addition to its canonical function of protection from pathogens, the immune system can also alter behaviour1,2. The scope and mechanisms of behavioural modifications by the immune system are not yet well understood. Here, using mouse models of food allergy, we show that allergic sensitization drives antigen-specific avoidance behaviour. Allergen ingestion activates brain areas involved in the response to aversive stimuli, including the nucleus of tractus solitarius, parabrachial nucleus and central amygdala. Allergen avoidance requires immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies and mast cells but precedes the development of gut allergic inflammation. The ability of allergen-specific IgE and mast cells to promote avoidance requires cysteinyl leukotrienes and growth and differentiation factor 15. Finally, a comparison of C57BL/6 and BALB/c mouse strains revealed a strong effect of the genetic background on the avoidance behaviour. These findings thus point to antigen-specific behavioural modifications that probably evolved to promote niche selection to avoid unfavourable environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther B Florsheim
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
- Biodesign Institute, Center for Health Through Microbiomes, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
| | - Nathaniel D Bachtel
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jaime L Cullen
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Bruna G C Lima
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mahdieh Godazgar
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Fernando Carvalho
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Carolina P Chatain
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Marcelo R Zimmer
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Cuiling Zhang
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Gregory Gautier
- Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, INSERM UMR1149, CNRS EMR8252, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Launay
- Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, INSERM UMR1149, CNRS EMR8252, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Andrew Wang
- Department of Medicine (Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Marcelo O Dietrich
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ruslan Medzhitov
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
- Tananbaum Center for Theoretical and Analytical Human Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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3
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Florsheim EB, Bachtel ND, Cullen J, Lima BGC, Godazgar M, Zhang C, Carvalho F, Gautier G, Launay P, Wang A, Dietrich MO, Medzhitov R. Immune sensing of food allergens promotes aversive behaviour. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.19.524823. [PMID: 36712030 PMCID: PMC9882358 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.19.524823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In addition to its canonical function in protecting from pathogens, the immune system can also promote behavioural alterations 1â€"3 . The scope and mechanisms of behavioural modifications by the immune system are not yet well understood. Using a mouse food allergy model, here we show that allergic sensitization drives antigen-specific behavioural aversion. Allergen ingestion activates brain areas involved in the response to aversive stimuli, including the nucleus of tractus solitarius, parabrachial nucleus, and central amygdala. Food aversion requires IgE antibodies and mast cells but precedes the development of gut allergic inflammation. The ability of allergen-specific IgE and mast cells to promote aversion requires leukotrienes and growth and differentiation factor 15 (GDF15). In addition to allergen-induced aversion, we find that lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation also resulted in IgE-dependent aversive behaviour. These findings thus point to antigen-specific behavioural modifications that likely evolved to promote niche selection to avoid unfavourable environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther B. Florsheim
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA,Centre for Immunotherapy, Vaccines, and Virotherapy (CIVV), Biodesign Institute, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85284, USA,Correspondence: and
| | - Nathaniel D. Bachtel
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Jaime Cullen
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Bruna G. C. Lima
- Department of Pharmacology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000 SP, Brazil,Centre for Immunotherapy, Vaccines, and Virotherapy (CIVV), Biodesign Institute, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85284, USA
| | - Mahdieh Godazgar
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Cuiling Zhang
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Fernando Carvalho
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Gregory Gautier
- INSERM UMRS 1149; CNRS ERL 8252; University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Laboratoire d’excellence INFLAMEX, Paris 75018, France
| | - Pierre Launay
- INSERM UMRS 1149; CNRS ERL 8252; University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Laboratoire d’excellence INFLAMEX, Paris 75018, France
| | - Andrew Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine and Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Marcelo O. Dietrich
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Ruslan Medzhitov
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA,Howard Hughes Medical Institute,Tananbaum Center for Theoretical and Analytical Human Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,Correspondence: and
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4
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Lemos L, Assis HC, Alves JL, Reis DS, Campos Canesso MC, Almeida Oliveira M, Moreira TG, Miranda Sato BK, Batista LA, Gomes Lenzi J, Moraes MA, Melo L, Resende B, Aguiar D, Rezende Souza B, Cara DC, Gomes-Santos AC, Faria AMC. Neuroimmune circuits involved in β-lactoglobulin-induced food allergy. Brain Behav Immun Health 2022; 23:100471. [PMID: 35668724 PMCID: PMC9166446 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2022.100471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Several antigens can act as allergens eliciting IgE-mediated food allergy reactions when fed to sensitized animals. One of them is ovalbumin (OVA) which is the main allergen in egg white. Allergic mice develop aversion to OVA consumption. This aversive behavior is associated with anxiety, and it can be transferred to non-sensitized mice by injection of serum of allergic mice. However, it is yet to be determined whether altered behavior is a general component of food allergy or whether it is specific for some types of allergens. Cow's milk allergy is the most prevalent food allergy that usually begins early in life and β-lactoglobulin (BLG) is the milk component with the highest allergenicity. In this study, we investigated behavioral and neuroimmune circuits triggered by allergic sensitization to BLG. A neuroimmune conflict between aversion and reward was observed in a model of food allergy induced by BLG intake. Mice sensitized to BLG did not present aversive behavior when BLG was used for sensitization and oral challenge. Mice allergic to BLG preferred to drink the allergen-containing solution over water even though they had high levels of specific IgE, inflammatory cells in the intestinal mucosa and significant weight loss. When sensitized to OVA and challenged with the same antigen, mice had increased levels of neuron activation in the amygdala, a brain area related to anxiety. On the other hand, when mice were sensitized to OVA and received a mixture of BLG and OVA in the oral challenge, mice preferred to drink this mixture, despite their aversion to OVA, which was associated with neuron activation in the nucleus accumbens, an area related to reward behavior. Thus, the aversive behavior observed in food allergy to OVA does not apply to all antigens and some allergens may activate the brain reward system rather than anxiety and aversion. Our study provides novel insights into the neuroimmune conflicts regarding preference and avoidance to a common antigen associated with food allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luísa Lemos
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Helder Carvalho Assis
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Juliana Lima Alves
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Daniela Silva Reis
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria Cecilia Campos Canesso
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Mariana Almeida Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Thais Garcias Moreira
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Luara Augusta Batista
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Julia Gomes Lenzi
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Muiara Aparecida Moraes
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Luciana Melo
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Bruna Resende
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Danielle Aguiar
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Bruno Rezende Souza
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Denise Carmona Cara
- Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Gomes-Santos
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Centro Universitário UNA, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Caetano Faria
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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5
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Wallrapp A, Riesenfeld SJ, Burkett PR, Kuchroo VK. Type 2 innate lymphoid cells in the induction and resolution of tissue inflammation. Immunol Rev 2019; 286:53-73. [PMID: 30294962 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 immunity against pathogens is tightly regulated to ensure appropriate inflammatory responses that clear infection and prevent excessive tissue damage. Recent research has shown that type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) contribute to steady-state tissue integrity and exert tissue-specific functions. However, upon exposure to inflammatory stimuli, they also initiate and amplify type 2 inflammation by inducing mucus production, eosinophilia, and Th2 differentiation. In this review, we discuss the regulation of ILC2 activation by transcription factors and metabolic pathways, as well as by extrinsic signals such as cytokines, lipid mediators, hormones, and neuropeptides. We also review recent discoveries about ILC2 plasticity and heterogeneity in different tissues, as revealed partly through single-cell RNA sequencing of transcriptional responses to various stimuli. Understanding the tissue-specific pathways that regulate ILC2 diversity and function is a critical step in the development of potential therapies for allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Wallrapp
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Samantha J Riesenfeld
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Patrick R Burkett
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Vijay K Kuchroo
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Department of Neurology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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6
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Neural pathways in allergic inflammation. J Allergy (Cairo) 2011; 2010:491928. [PMID: 21331366 PMCID: PMC3038426 DOI: 10.1155/2010/491928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2010] [Revised: 11/30/2010] [Accepted: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergy is on the rise worldwide. Asthma, food allergy, dermatitis, and systemic anaphylaxis are amongst the most common allergic diseases. The association between allergy and altered behavior patterns has long been recognized. The molecular and cellular pathways in the bidirectional interactions of nervous and immune systems are now starting to be elucidated. In this paper, we outline the consequences of allergic diseases, especially food allergy and asthma, on behavior and neural activity and on the neural modulation of allergic responses.
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7
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Costa-Pinto FA, Basso AS, Russo M. Role of mast cell degranulation in the neural correlates of the immediate allergic reaction in a murine model of asthma. Brain Behav Immun 2007; 21:783-90. [PMID: 17291717 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2007.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2006] [Revised: 01/03/2007] [Accepted: 01/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental airway allergy in mice leads to increased activity in specific hypothalamic and amygdaloid nuclei, and behavioral changes. The experiments described here were designed to determine the role of anaphylactic antibodies, mast cell degranulation, and lung inflammation in the neural and behavioral correlates of an experimental murine asthma-like response. Animals were sensitized intraperitoneally with ovalbumin adsorbed to alum, and challenged by intranasal ovalbumin instillation or aerosol. To induce immunological tolerance, animals were fed ovalbumin in the drinking water for 5 consecutive days, along with primary sensitization. Depletion of IgE was also accomplished with a non-anaphylactic anti-IgE antibody. Mast cell degranulation was inhibited by cromolyn. In addition to BALB/c animals, C3H/HeJ mice were used for their relative resistance to lung allergic inflammation. We confirmed that ovalbumin challenge in allergic mice leads to increased activity in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and central nucleus of the amygdala, and avoidance behavior towards an allergen-associated compartment. Moreover, these responses were precluded by oral tolerance or anti-IgE treatment, even in the presence of IgG1. Cromolyn abrogates both responses in the presence of anaphylactic antibodies. Finally, although sensitized C3H/HeJ mice did not develop airway inflammation, they exhibited brain and behavioral changes similar to BALB/c animals. The repercussions of murine allergic asthma on brain and behavior are IgE-dependent, mediated by mast cell degranulation, and do not require a pulmonary inflammatory infiltrate, suggesting that the early phase of this immediate allergic response suffices for the brain activation associated with avoidance behavior towards exposure to the allergen.
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8
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Costa-Pinto FA, Basso AS, De Sá-Rocha LC, Britto LRG, Russo M, Palermo-Neto J. Neural correlates of IgE-mediated allergy. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2007; 1088:116-31. [PMID: 17192560 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1366.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Although many authors have considered a direct interaction between allergic reactions and behavioral changes, supporting evidence has been elusive. In this series of studies we show that after oral or nasal ovalbumin (OVA) challenge, allergic mice present increased Fos expression in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) and in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA). Mice with food allergy display higher levels of anxiety and increased serum corticosterone levels, and allergy-activated neurons express corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) in the PVN and CeA. OVA-allergic mice develop aversion to an antigen-containing solution, and also avoid a dark compartment previously associated with nebulized OVA. Results on brain Fos expression and behavioral data seem compatible with adaptive responses. Removal of IgE by either antibody depletion or the development of oral tolerance precluded all responses analyzed here. C-sensitive fiber destruction by neonatal capsaicin inhibited the activation in the PVN, but not in the CeA, and decreased the magnitude of food aversion. Cromolyn, a mast cell stabilizer, completely blocked Fos expression in the PVN and CeA, and precluded the development of aversion to the dark compartment associated with nebulized OVA. Employing mice that do not develop an important inflammatory infiltrate following nasal OVA challenge, we found that inflammatory cells are not required at the site of challenge in order to trigger neural or behavioral correlates of murine experimental asthma. Altogether, we have built a solid foundation for understanding neuroimmune interactions during allergic responses that may contribute to the comprehension of psychological disorders associated with allergy.
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9
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Portela CP, Leick-Maldonado EA, Kasahara DI, Prado CM, Calvo-Tibério IFL, Martins MA, Palermo-Neto J. Effects of stress and neuropeptides on airway responses in ovalbumin-sensitized rats. Neuroimmunomodulation 2007; 14:105-11. [PMID: 17785991 DOI: 10.1159/000107765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2007] [Accepted: 06/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of stress and neuropeptides on airway responses in ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized rats. METHODS Three experimental conditions were employed: neonatal capsaicin treatment, foot shock stress and OVA sensitization. For neuropeptide depletion, male Wistar rats were neonatally treated with capsaicin (50 mg/kg) or with control solution 2 days after birth. Ninety days later, they were injected with OVA and aluminum hydroxide (ED0) or no injection. Thereafter, rats of the stressed groups were individually placed in a shuttle box where they received 50 mild escapable foot shocks/day; the stressful stimuli were repeated until ED14, when the animals received OVA aerosol. Pulmonary mechanic function was measured before and after OVA challenge in anesthetized and mechanically ventilated rats. RESULTS Data on ultrasonic vocalizations and corticosterone showed high levels of anxiety in stressed animals. As expected, a significant increment in airway elastance and resistance after the OVA challenge was found in sensitized rats compared to non-sensitized ones. Capsaicin treatment decreased the values of elastance in sensitized and non-stressed rats; however, after the OVA challenge, elastance was increased in stressed animals. No differences were found in the levels of resistance among sensitized and non-stressed rats; however, a reduced increment in resistance was verified in capsaicin-treated, stressed animals. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that neurokinin depletion and stress may affect smooth muscle tonus around the airways during an anaphylactic reaction. These data suggest that stress and neuropeptides play a significant role in pulmonary function in OVA-sensitized rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos P Portela
- Applied Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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10
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Mihara K, Kuratani K, Matsui T, Nakamura M, Yokota K. Vital role of the itch-scratch response in development of spontaneous dermatitis in NC/Nga mice. Br J Dermatol 2004; 151:335-45. [PMID: 15327540 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.06036.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The itch sensation and the resultant response, scratching, are important symptoms of atopic dermatitis (AD) and have a significant impact on the quality of life of affected patients. However, the influence of the itch-scratch response on the pathology of AD has not been precisely elucidated. OBJECTIVES To investigate the role of scratching behaviour in the development of spontaneous dermatitis using conventionally raised NC/Nga mice (Conv-NC mice), which are known to be an animal model for human AD. METHODS Capsaicin-sensitive sensory nerves of the mice were ablated by neonatal capsaicin treatment (Cap-NC mice), and the development of spontaneous dermatitis in the Cap-NC mice was compared chronologically with that in Conv-NC mice. RESULTS Scratching behaviour was almost completely prevented in Cap-NC mice raised for 84 days under conventional conditions, and the development of dermatitis and elevation of the serum IgE level were significantly suppressed. Histological analysis revealed that the numbers of infiltrating eosinophils and mast cells in the lesional skin of Cap-NC mice were lower than those in Conv-NC mice. Immunological studies showed that the capability of spleen T cells to produce both T-helper (Th) 1 (interferon-gamma) and Th2 [interleukin (IL)-5 and IL-13] cytokines was diminished in Cap-NC mice. Furthermore, serum levels of IL-18 were approximately twice higher in Conv-NC mice than in Cap-NC mice. CONCLUSIONS These observations suggest that scratching behaviour contributes to the development of dermatitis by enhancing various immunological responses in the murine AD model, implying that prevention of the itch sensation and/or itch-associated scratching behaviour is an effective treatment for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Mihara
- R&D Laboratories, Nippon Organon K.K., 5-90 Tomobuchi-cho 1-chome, Miyakojima-Ku, Osaka 534-0016, Japan
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11
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Basso AS, Costa-Pinto FA, Britto LRG, de Sá-Rocha LC, Palermo-Neto J. Neural pathways involved in food allergy signaling in the mouse brain: role of capsaicin-sensitive afferents. Brain Res 2004; 1009:181-8. [PMID: 15120595 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2004.02.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/19/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence supporting the notion that brain-gut communication is crucial for the manifestation of functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. Employing denervation by neonatal capsaicin treatment, we investigated here the role of unmyelinated C-fibers in food allergy signaling in the brain. We found that 90 min after oral ovalbumin (OVA) challenge, allergic mice present increased c-fos expression in emotionality-related brain areas such as the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) and the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA). Food allergy also induced enhanced Fos immunoreactivity in the nucleus of tractus solitarii (NTS) of OVA-immunized animals. We also show that while the degree of Fos staining in the NTS of allergic mice was only diminished by neonatal capsaicin, it was completely blocked in the PVN. However, capsaicin did not modify food allergy-induced c-fos expression in the CeA. In conclusion, this study provides evidence showing that unmyelinated C-fibers are part of the neural pathways involved in food allergy-induced activation of specific brain areas, particularly the PVN and to a lesser extent the NTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Salgado Basso
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87 São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil
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12
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Basso AS, Pinto FAC, Russo M, Britto LRG, de Sá-Rocha LC, Palermo Neto J. Neural correlates of IgE-mediated food allergy. J Neuroimmunol 2003; 140:69-77. [PMID: 12864973 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-5728(03)00166-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although many authors have considered the possibility of a direct interaction between food allergy and behavioral changes, the evidence supporting this hypothesis is elusive. Here, we show that after oral ovalbumin (OVA) challenge, allergic mice present higher levels of anxiety, increased Fos expression in emotionality-related brain areas, and aversion to OVA-containing solution. Moreover, treatment with anti-IgE antibody or induction of oral tolerance abrogate both food aversion and the expression of c-fos in the central nervous system (CNS). Our findings establish a direct relationship between brain function and food allergy, thus creating a solid ground for understanding the etiology of psychological disorders in allergic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Salgado Basso
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, 05508-900, São Paulo, Brazil.
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