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Shim KS, Song HK, Park M, Kim HJ, Jang S, Kim T, Kim KM. Reynoutria japonica consisted of emodin-8-β-D-glucoside ameliorates Dermatophagoides farinae extract-induced atopic dermatitis-like skin inflammation in mice by inhibiting JAK/STAT signaling. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116765. [PMID: 38788600 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by skin barrier dysfunction and chronic inflammatory responses. Reynoutria japonica, known as Huzhang in traditional Chinese Medicine, can enhance blood circulation to eliminate wind pathogens and terminate coughing. Despite pharmacological evidence supporting the efficacy of R. japonica in suppressing edema-induced skin inflammation or connective tissue diseases, its pharmaceutical potential for treating AD-like skin inflammation remains unexplored. This study investigated the possible effects of R. japonica ethanol extract (RJE) on Dermatophagoides farinae extract (DfE)-induced AD-like skin inflammation in NC/Nga mice. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms by which RJE inhibits skin inflammation, we examined the effect of RJE on IFN-γ/TNF-α-induced signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling in human epidermal keratinocytes (HEKs) and human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). Our findings revealed that RJE mitigates DfE-induced AD-like symptoms and skin barrier disruptions in mouse skin lesions. Moreover, RJE attenuated DfE-induced mast cell infiltration and serum levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-23, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and GM-CSF). RJE also inhibited IFN-γ/TNF-α-induced chemokine levels and STAT3 phosphorylation in HEKs and HDFs. Virtual binding analysis of the RJE components suggested that emodin-8-β-D-glucoside binds to Janus kinase (JAK) 1/2, thereby suppressing STAT signaling, which was confirmed by Western blot analysis. In conclusion, our results suggest that RJE may alleviate DfE-induced skin barrier dysfunction by inhibiting JAK/STAT signaling and the proinflammatory immune response through the suppression of inflammatory mediators in AD-like skin disease. These findings suggest that RJE has potential as an effective therapy for AD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Shuk Shim
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Kyung Song
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea; Practical Research Division, Honam National Institute of Biological Resources, Gohadoan-gil 99, Mokpo, Jeollanam-do 58762, Republic of Korea
| | - Musun Park
- KM Data Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Kim
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Seol Jang
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Taesoo Kim
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ki Mo Kim
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea; Korean Convergence Medicine Major KIOM, University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea.
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Aso Y, Iijima T, Jojima T, Saito M, Tanuma D, Kase M, Sakurai S, Tomaru T, Usui I. High serum levels of CCL11/Eotaxin-1 are associated with diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy and peripheral nerve function but not with cardiac autonomic neuropathy in people with type 2 diabetes. Postgrad Med 2024; 136:318-324. [PMID: 38660919 DOI: 10.1080/00325481.2024.2347196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate whether higher serum CCL11/Eotaxin-1, a biomarker for aging and neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory disorders, is associated with diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy (DSPN), peripheral nerve dysfunction, and cardiac autonomic neuropathy in people with type 2 diabetes. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 106 patients with type 2 diabetes and 40 healthy controls, matched for the age and sex distribution of the diabetes group as a whole. The CC chemokines CCL11/Eotaxin-1 and CCL22/MDC were measured in fasting serum samples. DSPN and peripheral nerve function were assessed by neurological examination and nerve conduction studies, and cardiac autonomic function, by heart rate variability (HRV) and corrected QT (QTc) time. The cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) was measured as a marker for arterial stiffness. RESULTS Serum CCL11/Eotaxin-1 levels were significantly higher in diabetic patients than in healthy controls (183 ± 63.5 vs. 113.1 ± 38.5 pg/ml, p < 0.001), but serum CCL22/MDC levels were not significantly different between the two groups. In the diabetes group, the serum CCL11/Eotaxin-1 level was positively correlated with ulnar and sural nerve conduction velocities (p = 0.0009, p = 0.0208, respectively) and sensory nerve action potential (p = 0.0083), and CAVI (p = 0.0005), but not with HRV indices or QTc time, and serum CCL22/MDC was not significantly correlated with any indices of nerve conduction. In a model adjusted for age and duration of diabetes, serum CCL11/Eotaxin-1 was still associated with ulnar nerve conduction velocity (p = 0.02124). Serum CCL11/Eotaxin-1, but not CCL22/MDC, was significantly higher in patients with than in those without DSPN (208.2 ± 71.6 vs. 159.1 ± 45.1 pg/ml, respectively; p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Serum CCL11/Eotaxin-1 is elevated in patients with DSPN and is associated with peripheral nerve dysfunction, in particular sensory nerve conduction velocity, suggesting that serum CCL11/Eotaxin-1 may be a potential biomarker for DSPN. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION University Hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN) Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN000040631).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimasa Aso
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Toshie Iijima
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Teruo Jojima
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Masahiro Saito
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Dai Tanuma
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Masato Kase
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shintaro Sakurai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Takuya Tomaru
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Isao Usui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan
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Song HK, Park SH, Kim HJ, Jang S, Choo BK, Kim HK, Kim T. Inhibitory effect of Sanguisorba hakusanensis Makino ethanol extract on atopic dermatitis-like responses in NC/Nga mice and human keratinocytes. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14594. [PMID: 37670127 PMCID: PMC10480230 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41676-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an allergic, inflammatory skin disease caused by immune dysregulation. In this study, we investigated anti-atopic and anti-inflammatory activities of Sanguisorba hakusanensis ethanol extract (SHE) both in vivo using NC/Nga mice and in vitro using human HaCaT keratinocytes. Oral administration of SHE suppressed several atopic symptoms associated with house dust mites (induced with Dermatophagoides farinae extract) in NC/Nga mice and decreased serum levels of inflammatory mediators such as immunoglobulin E, histamine, and inflammatory chemokines. Additionally, SHE treatment reduced the infiltration of immune cells such as mast cells and macrophages in AD skin lesions. In vitro, interferon-γ- and tumor necrosis factor-α-stimulated HaCaT cells exhibited increased expression of T helper 1 and 2 chemokines; their expression was inhibited by SHE treatment. The anti-inflammatory effects of SHE treatment involved blocking of the mitogen-activated protein kinase and signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 signaling pathways. In conclusion, SHE exerts potent anti-atopic and anti-inflammatory effects and should be considered for the clinical treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Kyung Song
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Haeng Park
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Kim
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seol Jang
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Kil Choo
- Department of Crop Science and Biotechnology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Kyoung Kim
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea.
| | - Taesoo Kim
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea.
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Macchia I, La Sorsa V, Urbani F, Moretti S, Antonucci C, Afferni C, Schiavoni G. Eosinophils as potential biomarkers in respiratory viral infections. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1170035. [PMID: 37483591 PMCID: PMC10358847 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1170035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are bone marrow-derived granulocytes that, under homeostatic conditions, account for as much as 1-3% of peripheral blood leukocytes. During inflammation, eosinophils can rapidly expand and infiltrate inflamed tissues, guided by cytokines and alarmins (such as IL-33), adhesion molecules and chemokines. Eosinophils play a prominent role in allergic asthma and parasitic infections. Nonetheless, they participate in the immune response against respiratory viruses such as respiratory syncytial virus and influenza. Notably, respiratory viruses are associated with asthma exacerbation. Eosinophils release several molecules endowed with antiviral activity, including cationic proteins, RNases and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. On the other hand, eosinophils release several cytokines involved in homeostasis maintenance and Th2-related inflammation. In the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection, emerging evidence indicates that eosinophils can represent possible blood-based biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and severity prediction of disease. In particular, eosinopenia seems to be an indicator of severity among patients with COVID-19, whereas an increased eosinophil count is associated with a better prognosis, including a lower incidence of complications and mortality. In the present review, we provide an overview of the role and plasticity of eosinophils focusing on various respiratory viral infections and in the context of viral and allergic disease comorbidities. We will discuss the potential utility of eosinophils as prognostic/predictive immune biomarkers in emerging respiratory viral diseases, particularly COVID-19. Finally, we will revisit some of the relevant methods and tools that have contributed to the advances in the dissection of various eosinophil subsets in different pathological settings for future biomarker definition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iole Macchia
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina La Sorsa
- Research Coordination and Support Service, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Urbani
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Sonia Moretti
- National HIV/AIDS Research Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Antonucci
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Afferni
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Schiavoni
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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5
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Hosokawa Y, Hosokawa I, Ozaki K, Matsuo T. The Polymethoxy Flavonoid Sudachitin Inhibits Interleukin-1 β-Induced Inflammatory Mediator Production in Human Periodontal Ligament Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:8826586. [PMID: 33575345 PMCID: PMC7864735 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8826586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sudachitin, which is a polymethoxylated flavonoid found in the peel of Citrus sudachi, has some biological activities. However, the effect of sudachitin on periodontal resident cells is still uncertain. The aim of this study was to examine if sudachitin could decrease the expression of inflammatory mediators such as cytokines, chemokines, or matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) in interleukin- (IL-) 1β-stimulated human periodontal ligament cells (HPDLC). Sudachitin inhibited IL-1β-induced IL-6, IL-8, CXC chemokine ligand (CXCL)10, CC chemokine ligand (CCL)2, MMP-1, and MMP-3 production in HPDLC. On the other hand, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase- (TIMP-) 1 expression was increased by sudachitin treatment. Moreover, we found that the nuclear factor- (NF-) κB and protein kinase B (Akt) pathways in the IL-1β-stimulated HPDLC were inhibited by sudachitin treatment. These findings indicate that sudachitin is able to reduce inflammatory mediator production in IL-1β-stimulated HPDLC by inhibiting NF-κB and Akt pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Hosokawa
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Ikuko Hosokawa
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kazumi Ozaki
- Department of Oral Health Care Promotion, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsuo
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
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Berghi NO, Dumitru M, Vrinceanu D, Ciuluvica RC, Simioniuc-Petrescu A, Caragheorgheopol R, Tucureanu C, Cornateanu RS, Giurcaneanu C. Relationship between chemokines and T lymphocytes in the context of respiratory allergies (Review). Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:2352-2360. [PMID: 32765714 PMCID: PMC7401840 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic diseases have been classified in the last decades using various theories. The main classes of the newest classification in allergic respiratory diseases focus on the characterization of the endotype (which takes into account biomarkers related to determinant pathophysiological mechanisms) and of the phenotype (based on the description of the disease). Th2, Th1 and Th17 lymphocytes and the type of inflammatory response mediated by them represent the basis for Th2 and non-Th2 endotype classification. In addition, new lymphocytes were also used to characterize allergic diseases: Th9 lymphocytes, Th22 lymphocytes, T follicular helper cells (TFH) lymphocytes and invariant natural killer T (iNKT) lymphocytes. In the last decade, a growing body of evidence focused on chemokines, chemoattractant cytokines, which seems to have an important contribution to the pathogenesis of this pathology. This review presents the interactions between chemokines and Th lymphocytes in the context of Th2/non-Th2 endotype classification of respiratory allergies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolae Ovidiu Berghi
- Department of Oncologic Dermatology, 'Elias' Emergency University Hospital, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 011461 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihai Dumitru
- Anatomy Department, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniela Vrinceanu
- ENT Department, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 010271 Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Anca Simioniuc-Petrescu
- ENT Department, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 010271 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ramona Caragheorgheopol
- Immunology Laboratory, 'Cantacuzino' National Military-Medical Institute for Research and Development, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Catalin Tucureanu
- Immunology Laboratory, 'Cantacuzino' National Military-Medical Institute for Research and Development, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Roxana Sfrent Cornateanu
- Department of Physiopathology and Immunology, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 041914 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Calin Giurcaneanu
- Department of Oncologic Dermatology, 'Elias' Emergency University Hospital, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 011461 Bucharest, Romania
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Enhancement of Chemokine mRNA Expression by Toll-Like Receptor 2 Stimulation in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Patients with Atopic Dermatitis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:1497175. [PMID: 32280674 PMCID: PMC7115052 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1497175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease which is often associated with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) colonization. S. aureus ingredients are potential ligands to activate the Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and drive inflammatory cytokine or chemokine production. However, the role of TLR2-mediated chemokine expression in AD development has not been systematically investigated. In this study, we sought to determine the mode of TLR2-mediated chemokine expression in AD patients. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from AD patients and healthy controls. Upon incubation with TLR2 ligands Pam3CSK4 and PGN, mRNA expression of chemokines, including CCL1, CCL5, CCL8, CCL13, CCL17, CCL18, CCL22, and CCL27, were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis. The results showed that basal mRNA expression of CCL17 in PBMCs from AD patients was upregulated compared with healthy controls, while those of CCL8 and CCL13 were downregulated. When stimulated with TLR2 ligands, the mRNA expression of CCL5, CCL8, CCL13, CCL18, and CCL22 in PBMCs from AD patients was significantly higher than those from healthy controls. The different basal chemokine mRNA expression profiles indicate the different immune status in patients with AD compared with healthy controls. Excessive chemokine mRNA expression induced by TLR2 activation is associated with the development of AD.
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Li Y, Bonner MR, Browne RW, Deng F, Tian L, Jim Zhang J, Swanson M, Rittenhouse-Olson K, Farhat Z, Mu L. Responses of serum chemokines to dramatic changes of air pollution levels, a panel study. Biomarkers 2019; 24:712-719. [PMID: 31456427 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2019.1658803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Background: Despite the in vitro and in vivo evidence, studies are limited in evaluating whether chemokines are potential inflammatory mediators in response to air pollution exposure in humans. Methods: We conducted a panel study coinciding with the Beijing Olympics, when temporary air pollution controls were implemented. We measured a suite of serum chemokines among healthy adults before, during and after the Olympics, respectively. Linear mixed-effect models were used to evaluate changes in chemokine levels over the three time periods. Results: In response to the 50% drop in air pollution levels during the games, levels of RANTES, MCP-2, and TARC decreased by 25.8%, 20.9% and 35.3%, respectively (p < 0.001) from pre-Olympics, and then increased by 45.8%, 34.9% and 61.5%, respectively (p < 0.001) after the games when air pollution levels went up again. Similar patterns were observed in subgroup analyses by sex, age, smoking and body mass index. GRO-α and IL-8 decreased significantly during the games (22.5% and 30.4%), and increased non-significantly after the games. Eotaxin-1 only increased significantly from during- to post-games. Conclusions: The strongest associations with air pollution levels were observed among RANTES, TARC and MCP-2. Those chemokines may play important roles in the air pollution-induced inflammatory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, State University of New York at Buffalo , Buffalo , NY , USA
| | - Matthew R Bonner
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, State University of New York at Buffalo , Buffalo , NY , USA
| | - Richard W Browne
- Department of Biotechnical and Clinical Laboratory Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo , Buffalo , NY , USA
| | - Furong Deng
- Department of Environmental Health, Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing , China
| | - Lili Tian
- Department of Biostatistics, State University of New York at Buffalo , Buffalo , NY , USA
| | - Junfeng Jim Zhang
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University , Durham , NC , USA
| | - Mya Swanson
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, State University of New York at Buffalo , Buffalo , NY , USA
| | - Kate Rittenhouse-Olson
- Department of Biotechnical and Clinical Laboratory Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo , Buffalo , NY , USA
| | - Zeinab Farhat
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, State University of New York at Buffalo , Buffalo , NY , USA
| | - Lina Mu
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, State University of New York at Buffalo , Buffalo , NY , USA
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Zheng H, Tang L, Song B, Yang X, Chu P, Han S, Wang P, Lu J, Ge W, Ni X. Inflammatory patterns of antrochoanal polyps in the pediatric age group. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2019; 15:39. [PMID: 31249603 PMCID: PMC6585040 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-019-0352-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The pathogenesis and etiology of antrochoanal polyps (ACPs) remains obscure. This study aimed to characterize the inflammatory profiles and investigate the effect of atopy on the pathogenesis of pediatric ACPs. Methods Thirty-three ACP patients and ten control subjects were enrolled from January to December 2017. The severity of individual nasal symptoms was scored on a visual analogue scale (VAS). The serum total immunoglobulin E (IgE) and cytokines level was measured by multiplexed luminex assay. Results There was no significant difference in VAS scores and counts of inflammatory cells between atopic and nonatopic ACP. No difference in IFNγ, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-17A and IL-25 was found between control and whole ACP, nonatopic and atopic ACP. Significantly increased levels of IL-6 and IL-10 were found in ACP compared with control. For neutrophil chemotactic factor, significant increases of IL-8 and GRO were observed in ACP, but for eosinophil chemotactic factor, no difference was found in RANTES and GM-CSF. IL-6 level was positively correlated with IL-8, MCP1, and GRO level, and IL-10 level was positively correlated with IL-4 and IL-13 in ACP subjects. Conclusion Nasal obstruction was the most common symptom in ACPs in children. Allergic condition may have a poor role in the pathogenesis of ACPs. IL-6 plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of neutrophilic inflammation in patients with ACPs and may provide a new treatment strategy for ACPs in children. Treg cell associated cytokine IL-10 was involved in the inflammatory pathophysiological process of ACPs and played a certain regulatory role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiwen Zheng
- 1Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Lixing Tang
- 2Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Beibei Song
- 2Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojian Yang
- 2Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Chu
- 1Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Shujing Han
- 1Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Pengpeng Wang
- 2Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Lu
- 1Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Wentong Ge
- 1Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China.,2Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Ni
- 1Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China.,2Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Cheng L, Chen J, Fu Q, He S, Li H, Liu Z, Tan G, Tao Z, Wang D, Wen W, Xu R, Xu Y, Yang Q, Zhang C, Zhang G, Zhang R, Zhang Y, Zhou B, Zhu D, Chen L, Cui X, Deng Y, Guo Z, Huang Z, Huang Z, Li H, Li J, Li W, Li Y, Xi L, Lou H, Lu M, Ouyang Y, Shi W, Tao X, Tian H, Wang C, Wang M, Wang N, Wang X, Xie H, Yu S, Zhao R, Zheng M, Zhou H, Zhu L, Zhang L. Chinese Society of Allergy Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2018; 10:300-353. [PMID: 29949830 PMCID: PMC6021586 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2018.10.4.300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a global health problem that causes major illnesses and disabilities worldwide. Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that the prevalence of AR has increased progressively over the last few decades in more developed countries and currently affects up to 40% of the population worldwide. Likewise, a rising trend of AR has also been observed over the last 2-3 decades in developing countries including China, with the prevalence of AR varying widely in these countries. A survey of self-reported AR over a 6-year period in the general Chinese adult population reported that the standardized prevalence of adult AR increased from 11.1% in 2005 to 17.6% in 2011. An increasing number of Journal Articles and imporclinical trials on the epidemiology, pathophysiologic mechanisms, diagnosis, management and comorbidities of AR in Chinese subjects have been published in international peer-reviewed journals over the past 2 decades, and substantially added to our understanding of this disease as a global problem. Although guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of AR in Chinese subjects have also been published, they have not been translated into English and therefore not generally accessible for reference to non-Chinese speaking international medical communities. Moreover, methods for the diagnosis and treatment of AR in China have not been standardized entirely and some patients are still treated according to regional preferences. Thus, the present guidelines have been developed by the Chinese Society of Allergy to be accessible to both national and international medical communities involved in the management of AR patients. These guidelines have been prepared in line with existing international guidelines to provide evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis and management of AR in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Cheng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- International Centre for Allergy Research, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingling Fu
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaoheng He
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Centre, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Huabin Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head Neck Surgery, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guolin Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology Head Neck Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zezhang Tao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dehui Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head Neck Surgery, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiping Wen
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Xu
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qintai Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chonghua Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head Neck Surgery, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gehua Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruxin Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China
- Department of Allergy, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongdong Zhu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Luquan Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyan Cui
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuqin Deng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiqiang Guo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenxiao Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zizhen Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Houyong Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head Neck Surgery, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyun Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China
| | - Wenting Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanqing Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head Neck Surgery, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Xi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China
| | - Hongfei Lou
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Meiping Lu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuhui Ouyang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China
| | - Wendan Shi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyao Tao
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiqin Tian
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chengshuo Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China
- Department of Allergy, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Xie
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Affiliated Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shaoqing Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Renwu Zhao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Zheng
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Han Zhou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Luping Zhu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Luo Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China
- Department of Allergy, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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11
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Sung YY, Kim SH, Yang WK, Park YC, Kim HK. Bleomycin Aggravates Atopic Dermatitis via Lung Inflammation in 2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene-Induced NC/Nga Mice. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:578. [PMID: 29910732 PMCID: PMC5992277 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. Bleomycin (BLM) contributes to the induction of pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis in animals. Although skin and lung tissue inflammation is closely related in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases, a proper animal model for investigating the relationship between skin and lung inflammation is lacking. Therefore, we developed a mouse model of AD with relapsing dermatitis and pulmonary fibrosis caused by the administration of allergen and BLM. The present study determined whether lung injury caused by the bronchial application of BLM would exacerbate AD-like allergic inflammation induced by 2, 4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) in NC/Nga mice. NC/Nga mice treated with BLM and DNCB had increased severity of clinical symptoms and airway hyperresponsiveness as well as increased inflammatory cell infiltration and collagen deposition in the dorsal skin and lung. Compared to normal mice, interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α production in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were increased in NC/Nga mice treated with both DNCB and BLM and in animals treated with DNCB alone. Administration of BLM and DNCB increased the levels of IL-4 and IL-13 production in spleen cells and eotaxin-2 mRNA expression in dorsal skin, compared to NC/Nga mice treated with DNCB alone. The total cell numbers in axillary lymph node, bronchoalveolar lavage, and thymus were increased in DNCB-BLM mice compared to those in mice treated with DNCB alone. Administration of BLM and DNCB increased the numbers of cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4)+ T cells and CD11b+granulocyte-differentiation antigen-1 (Gr-1)+ cells among peripheral blood mononuclear cells, CD4+ cells in bronchoalveolar lavage, CD4+ and B220+CD23+ B cells in the axillary lymph node, and CD4+ cells in thymus, compared to DNCB-treated mice. The number of total, CD4+, and CD11b+Gr-1+ cells in the lung were increased in both DNCB and DNCB-BLM mice. These results demonstrate that BLM aggravates allergic skin inflammation and promotes airway hyperreactivity and lung inflammation when combined with DNCB in NC/Nga mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Young Sung
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Seung-Hyung Kim
- Institute of Traditional Medicine and Bioscience, Daejeon University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Won-Kyung Yang
- Institute of Traditional Medicine and Bioscience, Daejeon University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yang-Chun Park
- Institute of Traditional Medicine and Bioscience, Daejeon University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Ho Kyoung Kim
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
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12
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Barald KF, Shen YC, Bianchi LM. Chemokines and cytokines on the neuroimmunoaxis: Inner ear neurotrophic cytokines in development and disease. Prospects for repair? Exp Neurol 2018; 301:92-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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13
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Nakano H, Nakano K, Cook DN. Isolation and Purification of Epithelial and Endothelial Cells from Mouse Lung. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1799:59-69. [PMID: 29956144 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7896-0_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that responses to inhaled environmental agents are controlled by the coordinated actions by multiple immune cell types, including macrophages, dendritic cells, and lymphocytes. Recent evidence indicates that some structural cells can also contribute to the initiation and propagation of immune responses. For example, airway epithelial cells can promote eosinophilic inflammation in response to allergen inhalation. Much remains to be learned, however, regarding how each of these cell types interact with the others, and how these interactions shape immune responses to inhaled agents. Such studies have been hampered by the lack of reliable methods to isolate multiple and distinct populations of cells from the same tissue sample. Consequently, investigators have had to choose between using different protocols to isolate different populations of cells from different animals and accept that for some populations, cell yields can be very low. To overcome these difficulties, we have developed a convenient and practical method to isolate and purify subpopulations of epithelial and endothelial cells from mouse lung. Here, we describe these methods in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Nakano
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
| | - Keiko Nakano
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Donald N Cook
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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14
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Hoff P, Gaber T, Strehl C, Schmidt-Bleek K, Lang A, Huscher D, Burmester GR, Schmidmaier G, Perka C, Duda GN, Buttgereit F. Immunological characterization of the early human fracture hematoma. Immunol Res 2017; 64:1195-1206. [PMID: 27629117 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-016-8868-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The initial inflammatory phase of fracture healing is of great importance for the clinical outcome. We aimed to develop a detailed time-dependent analysis of the initial fracture hematoma. We analyzed the composition of immune cell subpopulations by flow cytometry and the concentration of cytokines and chemokines by bioplex in 42 samples from human fractures of long bones <72 h post-trauma. The early human fracture hematoma is characterized by maturation of granulocytes and migration of monocytes/macrophages and hematopoietic stem cells. Both T helper cells and cytotoxic T cells proliferate within the fracture hematoma and/or migrate to the fracture site. Humoral immunity characteristics comprise high concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, IL-8, IFNγ and TNFα, but also elevated concentration of anti-inflammatory cytokines, e.g., IL-1 receptor antagonist and IL-10. Furthermore, we found that cells of the fracture hematoma represent a source for key chemokines. Even under the bioenergetically restricted conditions that exist in the initial fracture hematoma, immune cells are not only present, but also survive, mature, function and migrate. They secrete a cytokine/chemokine cocktail that contributes to the onset of regeneration. We hypothesize that this specific microenvironment of the initial fracture hematoma is among the crucial factors that determine fracture healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Hoff
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Hospital, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
- German Arthritis Research Center (DRFZ), 10117, Berlin, Germany.
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), 13353, Berlin, Germany.
| | - T Gaber
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Hospital, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- German Arthritis Research Center (DRFZ), 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - C Strehl
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Hospital, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- German Arthritis Research Center (DRFZ), 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - K Schmidt-Bleek
- Julius Wolff Institute, Charité University Hospital, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Lang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Hospital, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- German Arthritis Research Center (DRFZ), 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies (BSRT), 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - D Huscher
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Hospital, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- German Arthritis Research Center (DRFZ), 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - G R Burmester
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Hospital, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- German Arthritis Research Center (DRFZ), 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - G Schmidmaier
- Department of Orthopedics, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69118, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Perka
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité University Hospital, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - G N Duda
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Julius Wolff Institute, Charité University Hospital, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - F Buttgereit
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Hospital, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- German Arthritis Research Center (DRFZ), 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), 13353, Berlin, Germany
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15
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Suttorp CM, Cremers NA, van Rheden R, Regan RF, Helmich P, van Kempen S, Kuijpers-Jagtman AM, Wagener FADTG. Chemokine Signaling during Midline Epithelial Seam Disintegration Facilitates Palatal Fusion. Front Cell Dev Biol 2017; 5:94. [PMID: 29164113 PMCID: PMC5670099 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2017.00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Disintegration of the midline epithelial seam (MES) is crucial for palatal fusion, and failure results in cleft palate. Palatal fusion and wound repair share many common signaling pathways related to epithelial-mesenchymal cross-talk. We postulate that chemokine CXCL11, its receptor CXCR3, and the cytoprotective enzyme heme oxygenase (HO), which are crucial during wound repair, also play a decisive role in MES disintegration. Fetal growth restriction and craniofacial abnormalities were present in HO-2 knockout (KO) mice without effects on palatal fusion. CXCL11 and CXCR3 were highly expressed in the disintegrating MES in both wild-type and HO-2 KO animals. Multiple apoptotic DNA fragments were present within the disintegrating MES and phagocytized by recruited CXCR3-positive wt and HO-2 KO macrophages. Macrophages located near the MES were HO-1-positive, and more HO-1-positive cells were present in HO-2 KO mice compared to wild-type. This study of embryonic and palatal development provided evidence that supports the hypothesis that the MES itself plays a prominent role in palatal fusion by orchestrating epithelial apoptosis and macrophage recruitment via CXCL11-CXCR3 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiaan M Suttorp
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Niels A Cremers
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - René van Rheden
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Raymond F Regan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Pia Helmich
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Sven van Kempen
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Anne M Kuijpers-Jagtman
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Frank A D T G Wagener
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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16
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A Pronounced Inflammatory Activity Characterizes the Early Fracture Healing Phase in Immunologically Restricted Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18030583. [PMID: 28282868 PMCID: PMC5372599 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18030583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunologically restricted patients such as those with autoimmune diseases or malignancies often suffer from delayed or insufficient fracture healing. In human fracture hematomas and the surrounding bone marrow obtained from immunologically restricted patients, we analyzed the initial inflammatory phase on cellular and humoral level via flow cytometry and multiplex suspension array. Compared with controls, we demonstrated higher numbers of immune cells like monocytes/macrophages, natural killer T (NKT) cells, and activated T helper cells within the fracture hematomas and/or the surrounding bone marrow. Also, several pro-inflammatory cytokines such as Interleukin (IL)-6 and Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), chemokines (e.g., Eotaxin and RANTES), pro-angiogenic factors (e.g., IL-8 and Macrophage migration inhibitory factor: MIF), and regulatory cytokines (e.g., IL-10) were found at higher levels within the fracture hematomas and/or the surrounding bone marrow of immunologically restricted patients when compared to controls. We conclude here that the inflammatory activity on cellular and humoral levels at fracture sites of immunologically restricted patients considerably exceeds that of control patients. The initial inflammatory phase profoundly differs between these patient groups and is probably one of the reasons for prolonged or insufficient fracture healing often occurring within immunologically restricted patients.
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17
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Calcitriol Suppressed Inflammatory Reactions in IL-1β-Stimulated Human Periodontal Ligament Cells. Inflammation 2016; 38:2252-8. [PMID: 26156812 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-015-0209-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D has important roles on control of calcium and phosphate levels in the body. However, the role of vitamin D on the pathogenesis of periodontal disease is still uncertain. Therefore, we examined the effect of the hormonal form of vitamin D, calcitriol, on inflammatory responses of human periodontal ligament cells (HPDLC). We detected vitamin D receptor expression in non-stimulated HPDLC. Calcitriol inhibited interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, CC chemokine ligand (CCL) 20, CXC chemokine ligand (CXCL) 10, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3 release from IL-1β-stimulated HPDLC. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 production did not change by calcitriol. Moreover, we found c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation and IκB-α degradation in IL-1β-stimulated HPDLC were inhibited by calcitriol, and JNK and nuclear factor (NF)-κB inhibitors could decrease IL-6, IL-8, CCL20, CXCL10, and MMP-3 productions in IL-1β-treated HPDLC. These findings suggest that vitamin D could modulate inflammatory response in periodontal tissues.
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18
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König K, Klemens C, Haack M, Nicoló MS, Becker S, Kramer MF, Gröger M. Cytokine patterns in nasal secretion of non-atopic patients distinguish between chronic rhinosinusitis with or without nasal polys. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2016; 12:19. [PMID: 27127525 PMCID: PMC4849093 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-016-0123-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Being one of the most common nasal diseases, chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is subdivided into CRS with nasal polyps (NP) and CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP). CRSsNP presents itself with a TH1 milieu and neutrophil infiltration, while NP is characterised by a mixed TH1/TH2 profile and an influx of predominantly eosinophils, plasma cells and mast cells. For the purpose of discovering disease-specific cytokine profiles, the present study compares levels of mediators and cytokines in nasal secretions between CRSsNP, NP, and healthy controls. METHODS The study included 45 participants suffering from NP, 48 suffering from CRSsNP and 48 healthy controls. Allergic rhinitis constituted an exclusion criterion. Nasal secretions, sampled using the cotton wool method, were analysed for IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-17, IL-8, GM-CSF, G-CSF, IFN-γ, MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, eotaxin, and RANTES, and for ECP and tryptase, using Bio-Plex Cytokine assay or ELISA, respectively. RESULTS Elevated levels of IL-5, IL-17, G-CSF, MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, ECP, and tryptase, as well as decreased levels of IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, and IFN-γ were detected in NP. CRSsNP presented increased levels of RANTES and MIP-1β while IL-13 was decreased. No differences between the three groups were found for IL-4, IL-8, GM-CSF, and eotaxin. CONCLUSIONS The present work suggests a disequilibrium of TH1 and TH2, together with a down-regulation of regulatory T lymphocytes and up-regulated TH17 in NP. Moreover, elevated levels of diverse mediators represent the activation of various inflammatory cells in this disease entity. The inflammation in CRSsNP, however, is only weakly depicted in nasal secretions. Therefore, cytokines in nasal secretions may provide helpful information for differential diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin König
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Großhadern of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Christine Klemens
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Großhadern of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Mareike Haack
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Großhadern of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Marion San Nicoló
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Großhadern of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Sven Becker
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Großhadern of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany ; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55101 Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias F Kramer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Großhadern of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Moritz Gröger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Großhadern of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
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Kang Y, Zhu Z, Zheng Y, Wan W, Manole CG, Zhang Q. Skin telocytes versus fibroblasts: two distinct dermal cell populations. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 19:2530-9. [PMID: 26414534 PMCID: PMC4627559 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
It is already accepted that telocytes (TCs) represent a new type of interstitial cells in human dermis. In normal skin, TCs have particular spatial relations with different dermal structures such as blood vessels, hair follicles, arrector pili muscles or segments of sebaceous and/or eccrine sweat glands. The distribution and the density of TCs is affected in various skin pathological conditions. Previous studies mentioned the particular (ultra)structure of TCs and also their immunophenotype, miR imprint or proteome, genome or secretome features. As fibroblast is the most common intersitital cell (also in human dermis), a dedicated comparison between human skin TCs and fibroblasts (Fbs) was required to be performed. In this study, using different techniques, we document several points of difference between human dermis TCs and Fbs. By transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), we demonstrated TCs with their hallmark cellular prolongations - telopodes. Thus, we showed their ultrastructural distinctiveness from Fbs. By RayBio Human Cytokine Antibody Array V analyses performed on the supernatant from separately cultured TCs and Fbs, we detected the cytokine profile of both cell types, individually. Two of 79 detected cytokines - epithelial-derived neutrophil-activating peptide 78 and granulocyte chemotactic protein-2 - were 1.5 times higher in the supernatant of TCs (comparing with Fbs). On the other hand, 37 cytokines were at least 1.5 higher in Fbs supernatant (comparing with TCs), and among them six cytokines - interleukin 5, monocyte chemotactic protein-3 (MCP-3), MCP-4, macrophage inflammatory protein-3, angiogenin, thrombopoietin - being 9.5 times higher (results also confirmed by ELISA testing). In summary, using different techniques, we showed that human dermal TCs and Fbs are different in terms of ultrastructure and cytokine profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuli Kang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zaihua Zhu
- Division of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yonghua Zheng
- Department of Respirology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiguo Wan
- Division of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Catalin G Manole
- 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.,"Victor Babeş" National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Qiangqiang Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Traditional Herbal Formula Banhasasim-tang Exerts Anti-Inflammatory Effects in RAW 264.7 Macrophages and HaCaT Keratinocytes. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:728380. [PMID: 25838833 PMCID: PMC4369961 DOI: 10.1155/2015/728380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Banhasasim-tang (BHSST) is a Korean traditional herbal formula comprising eight medicinal herbs. The aim of the present study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of BHSST using macrophage and keratinocyte cell lines. First, we evaluated the effects of BHSST on inflammatory mediator and cytokine production in lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. BHSST markedly inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and interleukin- (IL-) 6. BHSST significantly suppressed the protein expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and phosphorylated nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65 in RAW 264.7 cells. Second, we examined whether BHSST influences the production of chemokines and STAT1 phosphorylation in tumor necrosis factor-α/interferon-γ TI-stimulated HaCaT keratinocytes. BHSST significantly suppressed the production of RANTES/CCL5, TARC/CCL17, MDC/CCL22, and IL-8 in TI-stimulated HaCaT cells. BHSST also suppressed TI-induced phosphorylation of STAT1 in HaCaT cells. These results suggest that BHSST may be useful as an anti-inflammatory agent, especially for inflammatory skin diseases.
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Serum levels of the CC chemokines CCL2, CCL5, and CCL11 in food allergic children with different clinical manifestations. Inflammation 2014. [PMID: 23180368 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-012-9577-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Food allergies (FA) are frequent in 8 % of children under 3 years old and approximately 2 % of adults. Chemokine are involved in various allergies such as FA. The present study was aimed to determine CCL2, CCL5, and CCL11 levels in FA. The study population of this cross-sectional study contained 63 patients suffering from FA and 100 healthy controls. Concentrations of CCL2, CCL5, CCL11, and IgE were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Eosinophils were counted using Casy Ι cell counter + analyzer system model SCAREF system GmbH. Differences were considered significant at P < 0.05. Current results showed that FA patients had significantly elevated numbers of circulating periphery eosinophils than the disease-free controls. Serum IgE levels in FA patients were also higher than controls. We also showed that serum levels of CCL2 and CCL11 were significantly enhanced in FA patients compared to control but CCL5 was not detectable. Results of present study revealed that both CCL2 and CCL11 were more elevated in FA children suffering from anaphylaxis and urticaria than bronchial asthma and atopic dermatitis. These results also indicated that more increased levels of CCL2 and CCL11 were observed following consumption of cow's milk and pistachio nuts. Overall, findings of the present study proposed that serum levels of CCL2 and CCL11 are elevated in FA and these may be considered as useful parameters in diagnosis of disorder. It is also possible to design treatments on the basis of blocking of chemokines expression by application of antibodies against them to overcome allergic complications in patients suffering from FA.
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Kang GJ, Kang NJ, Han SC, Koo DH, Kang HK, Yoo BS, Yoo ES. The Chloroform Fraction of Carpinus tschonoskii Leaves Inhibits the Production of Inflammatory Mediators in HaCaT Keratinocytes and RAW264.7 Macrophages. Toxicol Res 2013; 28:255-62. [PMID: 24278618 PMCID: PMC3834429 DOI: 10.5487/tr.2012.28.4.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Revised: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is the immune system’s response to infection and injury-related disorders, and is related to pro-inflammatory factors (NO, PGE2, cytokines, etc.) produced by inflammatory cells. Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a representative inflammatory skin disease that is characterized by increasing serum levels of inflammatory chemokines, including macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC). Carpinus tschonoskii is a member of the genus Carpinus. We investigated the anti-inflammatory activity of C. tschonoskii by studying the effects of various solvent fractions prepared from its leaves on inflammatory mediators in HaCaT and RAW264.7 cells. We found that the chloroform fraction of C. tschonoskii inhibited MDC at both the protein and mRNA levels in HaCaT cells, acting via the inhibition of STAT1 in the IFN-γ signaling pathway. In addition, the chloroform fraction significantly suppressed the expression of inflammatory factors induced by lipopolysaccharide stimulation, except COX-2 and TNF-α. These results suggest that the chloroform fraction of C. tschonoskii leaves may include a component with potential anti-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyeoung-Jin Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
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IL-17 expression in dermatitis herpetiformis and bullous pemphigoid. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:967987. [PMID: 23970818 PMCID: PMC3732598 DOI: 10.1155/2013/967987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) and bullous pemphigoid (BP) are skin diseases associated with eosinophilic and neutrophilic infiltrations. Although cytokines are critical for the inflammatory process, there are single findings concerning concentration of IL-17 in bullous diseases. The goal of this study was to assess IL-17 expression in DH and BP patients. Skin biopsies were taken from 10 DH, 14 BP patients and from 10 healthy subjects. The localization and expression of IL-17 was studied by immunohistochemistry and the serum concentration was measured by immunoassays. Expression of IL-17 in the epidermis and in influxed cells in dermis was detected in skin biopsies. Expression of IL-17 was statistically higher in epidermis and infiltration cells in specimens from BP than from DH patients. Examined interleukin expression was detected in perilesional skin of all patients but it was much lower than in lesional skin. The expression of IL-17 was not observed in biopsies from healthy people. Serum level of IL-17 was statistically higher in BP and DH groups as compared to control group. Our results provide the evidence that IL-17 may play an essential role in activating and recruiting eosinophils and neutrophils, which ultimately contribute to the tissue damage in DH and BP.
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Sato T, Iwase M, Miyama M, Komai M, Ohshima E, Asai A, Yano H, Miki I. Internalization of CCR4 and inhibition of chemotaxis by K777, a potent and selective CCR4 antagonist. Pharmacology 2013; 91:305-13. [PMID: 23751403 DOI: 10.1159/000350390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
CC chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) is a G protein-coupled receptor that regulates the chemotaxis of Th2 lymphocytes, which are key players in allergic diseases. K777 is a small compound identified in a binding assay using a CCR4 ligand, CCL17. K777 inhibited both CCL17 binding and CCL17-induced chemotaxis in Hut78 cells (IC50: 57 and 8.9 nmol/l, respectively). The K777-mediated inhibition of chemotaxis was potent even in the presence of a 10-fold higher concentration of CCL17. The imaging and flow cytometric analyses revealed that K777 induced CCR4 internalization, with a ∼50% reduction of cell surface CCR4. K777 did not inhibit CXCR4-induced chemotaxis or internalization and did not bring about Ca(2+) mobilization by itself. A Scatchard plot analysis of the binding assay using radiolabeled K777 revealed a single high-affinity binding site on the CCR4 molecule. These results indicate that K777 is a selective CCR4 antagonist featuring the potent chemotaxis inhibition, to which the internalization-inducible ability of K777 to hide a part of cell surface CCR4 may contribute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Sato
- Drug Discovery Research Laboratories, Fuji Research Park, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., Nagaizumi, Japan
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Motojima H, Villareal MO, Iijima R, Han J, Isoda H. Acteoside inhibits type Ι allergy through the down-regulation of Ca/NFAT and JNK MAPK signaling pathways in basophilic cells. J Nat Med 2013; 67:790-8. [PMID: 23494816 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-013-0753-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported that acteoside inhibits the release of β-hexosaminidase from immunoglobulin E (IgE)-sensitized and bovine serum albumin-stimulated rat basophilic leukemia cells as well as the intracellular calcium level, release of histamine from, and production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-4 in human basophilic (KU812) cells. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the anti-allergic effects of acteoside has not yet been elucidated. Here, we used microarray analysis to determine the global gene expression profile of KU812 cells treated with acteoside and calcium ionophore A23187 plus phorbol-12-myristate 13-acetate (A23187+PMA), and the results were validated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blotting. Microarray analysis results showed that of the 201 genes in the microarray, 149 genes were up-regulated, while 52 genes were down-regulated. The significantly down-regulated genes have functions as chemokine and IgE receptors, as well as for immune response. Results of the validation of the microarray results using real-time PCR showed a significant decrease in the expressions of Fc fragment of IgE, high affinity I, receptor for; alpha polypeptide (FCER1A) and nuclear factor of activated T cell, cytoplasmic, calcineurin-dependent 1 (NFATC1) genes. Furthermore, Western blotting showed a decrease in the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) Jun N terminal kinase (JNK), revealing the role of JNK MAPK in acteoside-mediated allergy inhibition. We determined that the anti-allergy effects of acteoside were due to the down-regulation of the expressions of the chemokine ligand 1 (CCL1), CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, FCER1A and NFATC1 genes and the inhibition of the MAPK pathway through decreased JNK phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideko Motojima
- Alliance for Research on North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
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Chau SE, Murthi P, Wong MH, Whitley GS, Brennecke SP, Keogh RJ. Control of extravillous trophoblast function by the eotaxins CCL11, CCL24 and CCL26. Hum Reprod 2013; 28:1497-507. [PMID: 23477905 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/det060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION What are the effects of the eotaxin group of chemokines (CCL11, CCL24 and CCL26) on extravillous trophoblast (EVT) functions important during uterine decidual vessel remodelling? SUMMARY ANSWER CCL11, CCL24 and CCL26 can regulate EVT migration, invasion and adhesion, highlighting a potential regulatory role for these chemokines during uterine decidual spiral arteriole remodelling in the first trimester of human pregnancy. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY A successful human pregnancy depends on adequate remodelling of the uterine decidual spiral arterioles, a process carried out by EVT which invade from the placenta. The invasion by EVT into the maternal uterine decidual vessels is regulated by the interaction of many factors including members of the chemokine subfamily of cytokines. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This study used the HTR8/SVneo cell line as a model for invasive EVT. All experiments were repeated on at least three separate occasions. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS The effect of recombinant human CCL11, CCL24 and CCL26 on EVT migration and invasive potential was measured using the xCELLigence real-time system, wound-healing and Matrigel invasion assays, zymography to measure MMP activity and reverse zymography to measure TIMP activity. A commercially available adhesion assay was used to assess EVT adhesion to extracellular matrix proteins. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE All the three eotaxins were found to significantly stimulate migration of the EVT-derived cell line HTR8/SVneo (P < 0.05) with no significant changes in cell number following treatment with each chemokine (P > 0.05). All the three eotaxins significantly increased HTR8/SVneo invasion (P < 0.05) and MMP2 activity (P < 0.05) without any effects on TIMP2 activity (P > 0.05). All the three eotaxins significantly increased HTR8/SVneo cell binding to collagen IV (P < 0.05) and fibronectin (P < 0.05). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION This work has been conducted in vitro with a commonly used cell line model of EVT, HTR8/SVneo. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS This study is the first to comprehensively examine the effects of the eotaxin group of chemokines on EVT functions and demonstrates that all the three eotaxins have the ability to regulate EVT functions critical to their role in vessel remodelling. This identifies a new role for the eotaxin group of chemokines during placentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon E Chau
- Department of Perinatal Medicine, Pregnancy Research Centre and University of Melbourne, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital, Locked Bag 300, Corner Grattan Street and Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
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Comprehensive Profiling of Peripheral Immune Cells and Subsets in Patients with Intermittent Allergic Rhinitis Compared to Healthy Controls and After Treatment with Glucocorticoids. Inflammation 2013; 36:821-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-013-9608-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Zhang S, Zeng X, He S. An update on anti-allergic patents granted in China: 2009 - 2011. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2012; 22:715-34. [PMID: 22702413 DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2012.696100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prevalence of allergic diseases has increased dramatically in recent decades. Therefore, there is a pressing need for the development of effective anti-allergic services worldwide. AREAS COVERED In previous studies, the authors had analyzed a total of 789 anti-allergic patents granted in China from 1988 to 2008. Herein, they report a further 151 anti-allergic patents issued in China during 2009 - 2011. The current analysis covers the scientific progress in supporting anti-allergic patent applications and granted patent literature, in China, for the last 3 years. EXPERT OPINION The 151 anti-allergic patents granted from 2009 to 2011 mainly focus on seven types of products. They are: traditional Chinese medicines (TCM), plant extracts, biological products, synthetic compounds, pharmaceutical preparations, medical apparatus and new treatment modalities. Although the overall number of anti-allergic patent applications made between 2009 and 2011 in China is less than that of the USA and Europe, patents on TCM have increased. This suggests that there are demands for modernization of TCMs. Recently, studies of interesting new immunomodulators have also been conducted, and some of these are likely to represent clinically useful advances. In the last 3 years, several patents on these novel potential drugs have also been granted in China. The large number of anti-allergic patents issued in China, in recent times, suggests that the Chinese market is relatively competitive one that will help pharmaceutical companies make proper decisions for their research and development strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Clinical Research Center, Nanjing, China
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Halova I, Draberova L, Draber P. Mast cell chemotaxis - chemoattractants and signaling pathways. Front Immunol 2012; 3:119. [PMID: 22654878 PMCID: PMC3360162 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Migration of mast cells is essential for their recruitment within target tissues where they play an important role in innate and adaptive immune responses. These processes rely on the ability of mast cells to recognize appropriate chemotactic stimuli and react to them by a chemotactic response. Another level of intercellular communication is attained by production of chemoattractants by activated mast cells, which results in accumulation of mast cells and other hematopoietic cells at the sites of inflammation. Mast cells express numerous surface receptors for various ligands with properties of potent chemoattractants. They include the stem cell factor (SCF) recognized by c-Kit, antigen, which binds to immunoglobulin E (IgE) anchored to the high affinity IgE receptor (FcεRI), highly cytokinergic (HC) IgE recognized by FcεRI, lipid mediator sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), which binds to G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Other large groups of chemoattractants are eicosanoids [prostaglandin E2 and D2, leukotriene (LT) B4, LTD4, and LTC4, and others] and chemokines (CC, CXC, C, and CX3C), which also bind to various GPCRs. Further noteworthy chemoattractants are isoforms of transforming growth factor (TGF) β1–3, which are sensitively recognized by TGF-β serine/threonine type I and II β receptors, adenosine, C1q, C3a, and C5a components of the complement, 5-hydroxytryptamine, neuroendocrine peptide catestatin, tumor necrosis factor-α, and others. Here we discuss the major types of chemoattractants recognized by mast cells, their target receptors, as well as signaling pathways they utilize. We also briefly deal with methods used for studies of mast cell chemotaxis and with ways of how these studies profited from the results obtained in other cellular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Halova
- Department of Signal Transduction, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Prague, Czech Republic
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Li H, Guo Y, Zhu H, Zhong K, Zha G, Wang L, Wang Y, Lu W, Wang Y, Yang G. IL-8 mRNA expression in the mouse mammary glands during pregnancy and lactation. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2012; 11:4746-53. [DOI: 10.4238/2012.october.9.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Pagani D, Galliera E, Dogliotti G, De Bernardi di Valserra M, Torretta S, Solimene U, Corsi MM, Pignataro L. Carbon dioxide-enriched water inhalation in patients with allergic rhinitis and its relationship with nasal fluid cytokine/chemokine release. Arch Med Res 2011; 42:329-33. [PMID: 21820613 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2011.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Allergic rhinitis is characterized by eosinophil infiltration and accumulation in the nasal mucosa mainly due to IL-3, IL-5, and eotaxin activities. We undertook this study to investigate a possible in vivo effect of carbon dioxide-enriched water inhalation in patients with allergic rhinitis. METHODS Twenty five consecutive patients inhaled carbon dioxide-enriched water at Fonti di Rabbi Spa Centre (Trento, Italy). Symptom scores for nasal obstruction, itching and sneezing were obtained before and after treatment. Nasal lavage was collected, and IL-3, IL-5, and eotaxin levels were assessed using the quantitative sandwich enzyme immunoassay technique. Cytometric analysis was performed on samples to measure total cell count, CD45+ cells, and percentages of polymorphonucleates and lymphocytes. RESULTS There were statistically significant differences in chemokine levels and in cell populations between patients and healthy controls before treatment. After carbon dioxide-enriched water inhalation, we observed statistically significant improvements in symptom scores, chemokine levels, and percentages of cell populations. CONCLUSIONS Our results seem to confirm the role of IL-3, IL-5, and eotaxin in the pathophysiology of allergy and the beneficial effect of carbon dioxide-enriched water inhalation in patients affected by allergic rhinitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Pagani
- Department of Special Surgical Sciences, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Italy.
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Blaine TA, Cote MA, Proto A, Mulcahey M, Lee FY, Bigliani LU. Interleukin-1β stimulates stromal-derived factor-1α expression in human subacromial bursa. J Orthop Res 2011; 29:1695-9. [PMID: 21484857 DOI: 10.1002/jor.21416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2010] [Accepted: 02/28/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines produced by synoviocytes of the subacromial bursa are up-regulated in subacromial bursitis and rotator cuff disease. We hypothesized that SDF-1α production in bursal synoviocytes may be induced by local cytokines such as interleukin IL-1β and IL-6. Subacromial bursa specimens were obtained from patients undergoing shoulder surgery. Bursal specimens were stained with anti-human antibodies to IL-1, IL-6, and SDF-1α by immunohistochemistry and compared to normal and rheumatoid controls. Bursal cells were also isolated from specimens and cultured. Early passaged cells were then treated with cytokines (IL-1β and IL-6) and SDF-1α expression was measured by ELISA and RT-PCR. SDF-1α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were expressed at high levels in bursitis specimens from human subacromial bursa compared to normal controls. In cultured bursal synoviocytes, there was a dose-dependent increase in SDF-1α production in the supernatants of cells treated with IL-1β. SDF-1α mRNA expression was also increased in bursal cells treated with IL-1β. IL-6 caused a minimal but not statistically significant increase in SDF-1α expression. SDF-1α, IL-1β, and IL-6 are expressed in the inflamed human subacromial bursal tissues in patients with subacromial bursitis. In cultured bursal synoviocytes, SDF-1α gene expression and protein production are stimulated by IL-1β. IL-1β produced by bursal syvoviocytes and inflammatory cells in the human subacromial bursa is an important signal in the inflammatory response that occurs in subacromial bursitis and rotator cuff disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore A Blaine
- Rhode Island Shoulder and Elbow Service, Brown Alpert Medical School, 2 Dudley Street, Suite 200, Providence, Rhode Island 02905, USA.
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Quercetin and kaempferol suppress immunoglobulin E-mediated allergic inflammation in RBL-2H3 and Caco-2 cells. Inflamm Res 2010; 59:847-54. [PMID: 20383790 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-010-0196-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2010] [Revised: 03/16/2010] [Accepted: 03/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the inhibitory effects of quercetin and kaempferol treatment on the suppression of immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated allergic responses in relation to intestinal epithelium barrier function in RBL-2H3 and Caco-2 cells. METHODS RBL-2H3 cells as a model of intestinal mucosa mast cells were treated with flavonols followed by IgE-anti-dinitrophenyl sensitization. The extent of degranulation and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines were measured. Caco-2 cells were stimulated with interleukin (IL)-4 or IgE-allergen with or without flavonol pretreatment and changes in the expression of CD23 mRNA and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and chemokine release were determined. RESULTS Flavonols inhibited the secretion of allergic mediators in RBL-2H3 cells and suppressed the CD23 mRNA expression and p38 MAPK activation in IL-4 stimulated Caco-2 cells. Flavonols also suppressed IgE-OVA induced extra signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) activation and chemokine release. CONCLUSIONS Quercetin and kaempferol effectively suppressed the development of IgE-mediated allergic inflammation of intestinal cell models.
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Låg M, Rodionov D, Øvrevik J, Bakke O, Schwarze PE, Refsnes M. Cadmium-induced inflammatory responses in cells relevant for lung toxicity: Expression and release of cytokines in fibroblasts, epithelial cells and macrophages. Toxicol Lett 2010; 193:252-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2009] [Revised: 01/20/2010] [Accepted: 01/21/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Braza MS, Caraux A, Rousset T, Lafaye de Micheaux S, Sicard H, Squiban P, Costes V, Klein B, Rossi JF. γδ T Lymphocytes Count Is Normal and Expandable in Peripheral Blood of Patients with Follicular Lymphoma, Whereas It Is Decreased in Tumor Lymph Nodes Compared with Inflammatory Lymph Nodes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 184:134-40. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0901980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Abstract
Cancers use a nanoscale messenger system known as exosomes to communicate with surrounding tissues and immune cells. However, the functional relationship between tumor exosomes, endothelial signaling, angiogenesis, and metastasis is poorly understood. Herein, we describe a standardized approach for defining the angiogenic potential of isolated exosomes. We created a powerful technique to rapidly and efficiently isolate and track exosomes for study using dynamic light scattering in conjunction with fluorescent exosome labeling. With these methods, melanoma exosomes were observed to interact with and influence endothelial tubule morphology as well as move between endothelial tubule cells by means of tunneling nanotube structures. Melanoma exosomes also were observed to rapidly stimulate the production of endothelial spheroids and endothelial sprouts in a dose-dependent manner. In concert, tumor exosomes simultaneously elicited paracrine endothelial signaling by regulation of certain inflammatory cytokines. These data suggest that, tumor exosomes can promote endothelial angiogenic responses, which could contribute to tumor metastatic potential.
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Iwabuchi N, Takahashi N, Xiao JZ, Yonezawa S, Yaeshima T, Iwatsuki K, Hachimura S. Suppressive effects ofBifidobacterium longumon the production of Th2-attracting chemokines induced with T cell–antigen-presenting cell interactions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 55:324-34. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2008.00510.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Lintomen L, Souza-Filho LG, Ferreira T, Camargo EA, Teixeira SA, Muscará MN, Landgraf RG, Jancar S, Mendes GD, De Nucci G, Antunes E. Different mechanisms underlie the effects of acute and long-term inhibition of nitric oxide synthases in antigen-induced pulmonary eosinophil recruitment in BALB/C mice. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2009; 22:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2008.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2008] [Revised: 09/09/2008] [Accepted: 10/11/2008] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Suzuki Y, Asano K, Niimi K, Miyata J, Shiraishi Y, Fukunaga K, Shiomi T, Nakajima T, Oguma T, Sayama K, Ishizaka A. TP receptor-mediated release of eosinophil chemotactic activity from human bronchial smooth muscle cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2008; 600:133-9. [PMID: 18950617 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2008] [Revised: 09/22/2008] [Accepted: 09/29/2008] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
There are reports indicating that thromboxane A(2) receptors (TP receptors) may stimulate the eosinophil accumulation in the lower airways of asthmatics, however, the mechanisms behind such an effect remain unknown. We quantified the synthesis of eosinophil chemotactic activity and eosinophilic CC chemokines, including CCL5, CCL7, CCL8, CCL11, CCL13, CCL24, and CCL26 in primary cultures of human bronchial smooth muscle cells (BSMC) stimulated with a prostanoid TP receptor agonist, IBOP (10(-9)-10(-7) M). The activation of prostanoid TP receptors in BSMC induced the release of potent eosinophil chemoattractant(s) in the presence of interleukin (IL)-4. CCL11/eotaxin-1 was the only synthesis significantly increased by IBOP co-stimulated with IL-4, and pretreatment with an anti-CCL11 antibody abrogated the eosinophil chemotactic activity released from IBOP/IL-4-stimulated BSMC. The effect of IBOP was also completely blocked by pretreatment with a prostanoid TP receptor-specific antagonist, AA-2414. IBOP had no effect on the expression of IL-4 receptor-alpha, or on the IL-4-induced phosphorylation of STAT6 in BSMC. In conclusion, activation of prostanoid TP receptors in a Th2-dominant microenvironment might exacerbate the eosinophilic inflammation of the airways by synthesis and release of CCL11 from BSMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Suzuki
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Abstract
CC chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) and its two ligands, CCL17 and CCL22, are critically involved in different immune processes. In models of lipopolysaccharide-induced shock, CCR4-deficient (CCR4(-/-)) mice showed improved survival rates associated with attenuated proinflammatory cytokine release. Using CCR4(-/-) mice with a C57BL/6 background, this study describes for the first time the role of CCR4 in a murine model of polymicrobial abdominal sepsis, the colon ascendens stent peritonitis (CASP). CASP-induced sepsis led to a massive downregulation of CCR4 in lymphoid and nonlymphoid tissues, whereas the expression of CCL17 and CCL22 was independent of the presence of CCR4. After CASP, CCR4(-/-) animals showed a strongly enhanced bacterial clearance in several organs but not in the peritoneal lavage fluid and the blood. In addition, significantly reduced levels of proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines were measured in organ supernatants as well as in the sera of CCR4(-/-) mice. CCR4 deficiency consequently resulted in an attenuated severity of systemic sepsis and a strongly improved survival rate after CASP or CASP with intervention. Thus, our data provide clear evidence that CCR4 plays a strictly detrimental role in the course of polymicrobial sepsis.
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Pokkali S, Das SD, R L. Expression of CXC and CC type of chemokines and its receptors in tuberculous and non-tuberculous effusions. Cytokine 2008; 41:307-14. [PMID: 18226915 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2007.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2007] [Revised: 12/05/2007] [Accepted: 12/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines mediate their biological functions by transmigration of various immune cells to the site of infection. Tuberculous pleurisy provides an effective model to study the role of chemokines in the recruitment of immune cells to the pleura. Our aim was to understand the cumulative effect of chemokines (IP-10, MIG, IL-8, MCP-1, MIP-1alpha and RANTES) and its receptors (CXCR2, CXCR3, CCR1, CCR2, CCR5 and CCR7) in the recruitment of CD4(+) T cells obtained from blood (BL) and pleural fluid (PF) of tuberculous (TB) and non-tuberculous (NTB) patients. We observed significant increase in CD4(+) T cells in TB PF indicating lymphocytic rich effusion. All chemokines except RANTES were significantly high in PF compared to BL in TB group, whereas IL-8 and MCP-1 showed significant increase only in NTB PF. The significantly high levels of IFN-gamma and TauNuF-alpha in TB PF and their positive correlation with IP-10 and MIP-1alpha indicated their synergistic action to elicit a strong protective Th1 response. In spite of high levels of Th1 cytokines and chemokines in TB PF, significantly lower levels of RANTES indicated its limited role at the site. The CXC receptors in PF of both the groups and CC receptors except CCR5 in TB PF were significantly high compared to BL. Only CXCR2, CCR5 and CCR7 showed significant increase in TB compared to NTB. Thus a selective concentration of chemokines, cytokines and abundant expression of chemokine receptors confirm the accumulation of activated and memory T cells at the site of infection and help in polarizing Th1 immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Pokkali
- Department of Immunology, Tuberculosis Research Centre, Mayor V.R. Ramanathan Road, Chetpet, Chennai 600 031, India
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Nureki SI, Miyazaki E, Ando M, Ueno T, Fukami T, Kumamoto T, Sugisaki K, Tsuda T. Circulating levels of both Th1 and Th2 chemokines are elevated in patients with sarcoidosis. Respir Med 2007; 102:239-47. [PMID: 17949965 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2007.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2007] [Revised: 09/09/2007] [Accepted: 09/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In sarcoidosis, the T helper type 1 (Th1) response tends to predominate at affected disease sites; however, whether Th1/Th2 polarization occurs in the peripheral circulation is unknown. METHODS Fifty-two patients with sarcoidosis and 21 healthy volunteers were investigated. The concentrations of interferon-inducible protein 10 (IP-10)/CXCL10 and thymus- and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC)/CCL17 in the serum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and culture supernatant were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The circulating CXCR3+ CD4+ T cells and CCR4+ CD4+ T cells were assessed by flow cytometry. RESULTS The CXCR3- or CCR4-positive ratios among CD4+ T cells were both higher in sarcoidosis than in healthy volunteers. The serum levels of both IP-10 and TARC of the patients with sarcoidosis were significantly higher than those of the healthy volunteers. In patients with sarcoidosis, a larger amount of IP-10 was generated by the BALF cells, whereas IP-10 production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells did not increase in comparison to the control subjects. The TARC levels produced by peripheral blood mononuclear cells of sarcoidosis patients were significantly higher than those of the controls, while no difference existed between the 2 groups regarding TARC production by BALF cells. CONCLUSION IP-10 is mainly produced at the lung and TARC in the peripheral circulation in sarcoidosis patients. Both IP-10 and TARC cooperatively play a role in the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-ichi Nureki
- Division of Pulmonary Disease, Third Department of Internal Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan.
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Abstract
Chemokines are low-molecular-weight proteins that attract leukocytes and other cell types, via interaction with G protein-coupled receptors. Chemokines control leukocyte migration not only during inflammatory processes, but also throughout ontogeny and differentiation of lymphoid tissues. They have been involved in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases, such as human immunodeficiency virus infection, allergy, atherosclerosis, cancer, and autoimmunity. The number of studies focusing on chemokine biology is expanding exponentially. For example, searching PubMed for the terms "thyroid" and "chemokine" retrieved 1 article in 1980s, 18 articles in 1990s, and 81 articles from 2000 to July 2007. This review will focus on studies analyzing the role of chemokine in autoimmune thyroiditis (Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis), performed in both patients and experimental animals. The goal is to emphasize how a better understanding of chemokine biology has advanced our knowledge of the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroiditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Kimura
- Department of Pathology, the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Yoshida T, Tuder RM. Pathobiology of cigarette smoke-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Physiol Rev 2007; 87:1047-82. [PMID: 17615396 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00048.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 366] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD), comprised of pulmonary emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and structural and inflammatory changes of small airways, is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. A better understanding of the pathobiology of COPD is critical for the developing of novel therapies, as the majority of patients with the disease have little therapeutic options at the present time. The pathobiology of COPD encompasses multiple injurious processes including inflammation (excessive or inappropriate innate and adaptive immunity), cellular apoptosis, altered cellular and molecular alveolar maintenance program, abnormal cell repair, extracellular matrix destruction (protease and anti-protease imbalance), and oxidative stress (oxidant and antioxidant imbalance). These processes are triggered by urban and rural air pollutants and active and/or passive cigarette smoke and modified by cellular senescence and infection. A series of receptor-mediated signal transduction pathways are activated by reactive oxygen species and tobacco components, resulting in impairment of a variety of cell signaling and cytokine networks, subsequently leading to chronic airway responses with mucus production, airway remodeling, and alveolar destruction. The authors provide an updated insight into the molecular and cellular pathobiology of COPD based on human and/or animal data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshinori Yoshida
- Division of Cardiopulmonary Pathology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
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Bryan DL, Forsyth KD, Hart PH, Gibson RA. Polyunsaturated fatty acids regulate cytokine and prostaglandin E2 production by respiratory cells in response to mast cell mediators. Lipids 2007; 41:1101-7. [PMID: 17269555 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-006-5059-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A protective association between breastfeeding and the development of bronchial asthma has been demonstrated. However, a mechanism remains unclear. FA present in human milk but rare in infant formula have been associated with marked immunological modulation as well as some indications of protection from asthma development. We examined the effect of in vitro manipulation of membrane phospholipid on the production of cytokines and prostaglandin (PG)E2 by respiratory epithelial cells (A549) in response to stimulation by mast cell mediators of allergic disease [histamine, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-5]. DHA and CLA significantly decreased the production of IL-8 in response to stimulation by TNF-alpha [2907 +/- 970 (DHA) and 6471 +/- 1203 (CLA) vs. 12,287 +/- 2309 (control) pg/mL; P < or = 0.05, mean +/- SEM], whereas both EPA and DHA reduced histamine-stimulated RANTES (regulation on activation, T cell-expressed and -secreted) production [2314 +/- 861 (EPA) and 877 +/- 326 (DHA) vs. 8526 +/- 1118 (control) pg/mL; P < or = 0.03]. PGE2 released in response to histamine was decreased by n-3 [1305 +/- 399 (alpha-linolenic acid), 406 +/- 73 (EPA), and 265 +/- 32 (DHA) vs. 9324 +/- 3672 (control) pg/mL; P < or = 0.05] and increased by n-6 [18,843 +/- 4439 (arachidonic acid) vs. 9324 +/- 3672 (control) pg/mL; P = 0.02], with CLA producing a decrease of the same magnitude as DHA [553 +/- 126 (CLA) vs. 9324 +/- 3672 (control) pg/mL; P = 0.03]. This study demonstrates the potential for immunological manipulation of the respiratory epithelium by FA in situ during allergic responses and suggests that further investigation into FA intervention in infants via human milk or supplemented infant formula, to prevent the development of allergic disease, may be worthwhile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dani-Louise Bryan
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Flinders University, Child Health Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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46
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Abstract
Mast cells are effector cells of the innate immune system, but because they express Fc receptors (FcRs), they can be engaged in adaptive immunity by antibodies. Mast cell FcRs include immunoglobulin E (IgE) and IgG receptors and, among these, activating and inhibitory receptors. The engagement of mast cell IgG receptors by immune complexes may or may not trigger cell activation, depending on the type of mast cell. The coengagement of IgG and IgE receptors results in inhibition of mast cell activation. The Src homology-2 domain-containing inositol 5-phosphatase-1 is a major effector of negative regulation. Biological responses of mast cells depend on the balance between positive and negative signals that are generated in FcR complexes. The contribution of human mast cell IgG receptors in allergies remains to be clarified. Increasing evidence indicates that mast cells play critical roles in IgG-dependent tissue-specific autoimmune diseases. Convincing evidence was obtained in murine models of multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, bullous pemphigoid, and glomerulonephritis. In these models, the intensity of lesions depended on the relative engagement of activating and inhibitory IgG receptors. In vitro models of mature tissue-specific murine mast cells are needed to investigate the roles of mast cells in these diseases. One such model unraveled unique differentiation/maturation-dependent biological responses of serosal-type mast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odile Malbec
- Unité d'Allergologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Département d'Immunologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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Malbec O, Roget K, Schiffer C, Iannascoli B, Dumas AR, Arock M, Daëron M. Peritoneal Cell-Derived Mast Cells: An In Vitro Model of Mature Serosal-Type Mouse Mast Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 178:6465-75. [PMID: 17475876 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.10.6465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMC) have been used extensively as a mast cell model. BMMC, however, are immature cells that have no known physiological equivalent in tissues. They do not respond to IgG immune complexes. They may therefore not be appropriate for studying the physiopathology of IgE-induced allergies or IgG-induced tissue-specific inflammatory diseases which both depend on mature mast cells. Resident peritoneal mast cells are a minor population of differentiated cells that are not readily purified. They, however, can be expanded in culture to generate large numbers of homogeneous cells. We show here that these peritoneal cell-derived mast cells (PCMC) are mature serosal-type mouse mast cells which retain most morphological, phenotypic, and functional features of peritoneal mast cells. Like peritoneal mast cells, PCMC respond to IgG Abs. IgG immune complex-induced responses depended on FcgammaRIIIA and were negatively regulated by FcgammaRIIB. We found that a moderate FcgammaRIIB-dependent negative regulation, due not to a higher FcgammaRIIIA/FcgammaRIIB ratio, but to a relatively inefficient use of the lipid phosphatase SHIP1, determines this property of PCMC. PCMC also respond to IgE Abs. IgE-induced PCMC responses, however, differed quantitatively and qualitatively from BMMC responses. PCMC secreted no or much lower amounts of lipid mediators, chemokines, and cytokines, but they contained and released much higher amounts of preformed granular mediators. PCMC, but not BMMC, also contained and, upon degranulation, released molecules with a potent proteolytic activity. These properties make PCMC a useful new model for understanding the physiopathology of mast cells in IgE- and IgG-dependent tissue inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odile Malbec
- Unité d'Allergologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Département d'Immunologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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Costa GG, Silva RM, Franco-Penteado CF, Antunes E, Ferreira HHA. Interactions between eotaxin and interleukin-5 in the chemotaxis of primed and non-primed human eosinophils. Eur J Pharmacol 2007; 566:200-5. [PMID: 17368616 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.09.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2006] [Revised: 09/08/2006] [Accepted: 09/11/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to understand the relationship between interleukin-5 and eotaxin in modulating the chemotaxis of eosinophils obtained from healthy subjects and subjects with allergic rhinitis. Chemotaxis of eosinophils from patients with allergic rhinitis toward interleukin-5 (0.25 ng/ml) was 78% higher than that of healthy subjects. Incubation of eosinophils with eotaxin (100 ng/ml) did not change the interleukin-5-induced chemotaxis of eosinophils from healthy subjects, but it reversed the enhanced chemotaxis seen in eosinophils from allergic patients. Chemotaxis of eosinophils from patients with allergic rhinitis toward eotaxin (100 ng/ml) was 65% higher than that of eosinophils from healthy subjects. Incubation of eosinophils with interleukin-5 (100 ng/ml) significantly increased the eotaxin-induced chemotaxis in both subject groups, but such increases were markedly higher for cells from patients with allergic rhinitis. Our finding that eotaxin inhibits the enhanced eosinophil chemotaxis toward interleukin-5 in primed cells suggests that this chemokine may downregulate eosinophil accumulation in the nasal mucosa of allergic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gislaine G Costa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, UNICAMP, Campinas (SP), Brazil
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De Fanis U, Mori F, Kurnat RJ, Lee WK, Bova M, Adkinson NF, Casolaro V. GATA3 up-regulation associated with surface expression of CD294/CRTH2: a unique feature of human Th cells. Blood 2007; 109:4343-50. [PMID: 17234745 PMCID: PMC1885489 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2006-05-025940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
GATA-3 and T-box expressed in T cells (T-bet) play central roles in Th-cell development and function. Consistently, studies in mice document their selective expression in Th1 and Th2 cells, respectively. In contrast, it is not clear whether these genes are regulated in human Th cells. Here we show that T-bet expression is polarized to a comparable degree in human and mouse Th-cell cultures, while only mouse GATA3 is subject to substantial regulation. This did not reflect differential skewing efficiency in human versus mouse cultures, as these contained similar frequencies of IFN-gamma- and IL-4-producing cells. However, GATA-3 was expressed at significantly higher levels in human IL-4-producing cells enriched via capture with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against the PGD(2) receptor, CRTH2, the best selective Th2-cell surface marker to date. Along with increased IL-4 and GATA-3, CRTH2(+) Th cells isolated from Th2-skewed cultures or the circulating memory pool exhibited markedly decreased IFN-gamma and T-bet expression. Thus, the human GATA-3 gene is not regulated in response to polarizing signals that are sufficient to direct Th2-specific expression in mouse cells. This postulates the involvement of an additional level of complexity in the regulation of human GATA-3 expression and stresses the existence of nontrivial differences in the regulation of human versus mouse T-cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umberto De Fanis
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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50
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Soltanshahi F, Mansley TE, Choi S, Clark RD. Balancing focused combinatorial libraries based on multiple GPCR ligands. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2006; 20:529-38. [PMID: 17054016 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-006-9076-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2006] [Accepted: 08/29/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
G-Protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are important targets for drug discovery, and combinatorial chemistry is an important tool for pharmaceutical development. The absence of detailed structural information, however, limits the kinds of combinatorial design techniques that can be applied to GPCR targets. This is particularly problematic given the current emphasis on focused combinatorial libraries. By linking an incremental construction method (OptDesign) to the very fast shape-matching capability of ChemSpace, we have created an efficient method for designing targeted sublibraries that are topomerically similar to known actives. Multi-objective scoring allows consideration of multiple queries (actives) simultaneously. This can lead to a distribution of products skewed towards one particular query structure, however, particularly when the ligands of interest are quite dissimilar to one another. A novel pivoting technique is described which makes it possible to generate promising designs even under those circumstances. The approach is illustrated by application to some serotonergic agonists and chemokine antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Soltanshahi
- Informatics Research Center, Tripos, Inc., 1699 S. Hanley Road, St Louis, MO 63144, USA
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