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Johannes N, Hertel S, Stoffel V, Hannig C, Basche S, Schmitt V, Flemming J, Hannig M. Impact of pH-adjusted fluoride and stannous solutions on the protective properties on the pellicle layer in vitro and in situ. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3378. [PMID: 38336814 PMCID: PMC10858267 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53732-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This study evaluates the ideal pH for anti-erosion and anti-adherent efficacy of fluoride and stannous solutions (sodium fluoride (SF), amine fluoride (AF), sodium monofluorophosphate (SMFP), stannous fluoride (SnF2) with 500 ppm fluoride concentration each and stannous chloride (SnCl2, 1563 ppm stannous)). In vitro, solutions were tested at pH 4.5 and 5.5. The main in situ experiments were carried out at the pH of 4.5: For pellicle formation 6 volunteers wore bovine enamel slabs intraorally for 1 min, rinsed with 8 ml solution for 1 min and continued for up to 30 min/8 h. Physiological pellicle samples served as controls. After incubation in HCl (2.0, 2.3) for 2 min mineral release was determined photometrically. Bacterial counts on 8 h biofilms were determined by fluorescence microscopy (BacLight™ and DAPI with Concanavalin A). Modification of the pellicle ultrastructure was examined by TEM. Statistical analysis was performed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney-U tests with Bonferroni-correction (p < 0.05). SnF2 showed a significant erosion protection. AF, SnF2, and SnCl2 were most anti-adherent. SnF2 and SnCl2 caused a pronounced basal pellicle with stannous precipitates. Compared to other fluoride monosubstances, stannous ions offer greater protection against erosive acidic attacks. Stannous ions act as crucial co-factor in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Johannes
- Clinic of Operative and Pediatric Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - S Hertel
- Clinic of Operative and Pediatric Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
| | - V Stoffel
- Clinic of Operative and Pediatric Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - C Hannig
- Clinic of Operative and Pediatric Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - S Basche
- Clinic of Operative and Pediatric Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - V Schmitt
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital, Saarland University, Building 73, 66421, Homburg, Saar, Germany
| | - J Flemming
- Clinic of Operative and Pediatric Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - M Hannig
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital, Saarland University, Building 73, 66421, Homburg, Saar, Germany
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Augusto MG, Scaramucci T, Campos TMB, Aoki IV, Schlueter N, Borges AB. Film-Forming Polymers for Tooth Erosion Prevention. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14194225. [PMID: 36236172 PMCID: PMC9573524 DOI: 10.3390/polym14194225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Different agents have been proposed to prevent the progression of acid induced dental substance losses, which are called erosive tooth wear (ETW), such as fluorides, calcium, and phosphate-based products; however, there is a need for a further increase in efficacy. Recently, the ability of polymers to interact with the tooth surface, forming acid resistant films, has come into the focus of research; nevertheless, there is still the need for a better understanding of their mode of action. Thus, this article provides an overview of the chemical structure of polymers, their mode of action, as well as the effect of their incorporation into oral care products, acid beverages, and antacid formulations, targeting the prevention of ETW. Recent evidence indicates that this may be a promising approach, however, additional studies are needed to confirm their efficacy under more relevant clinical conditions that consider salivary parameters such as flow rate, composition, and clearance. The standardization of methodological procedures such as acid challenge, treatment duration, and combination with fluorides is necessary to allow further comparisons between studies. In conclusion, film-forming polymers may be a promising cost-effective approach to prevent and control erosive demineralization of the dental hard tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Gullo Augusto
- Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University-UNESP, São José dos Campos 12245-000, Brazil
- School of Dentistry, Centro Universitário de Cascavel–UNIVEL, Av. Tito Muffato, 317-Santa Cruz, Cascavel 85806-080, Brazil
| | - Tais Scaramucci
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo-USP, São Paulo 12245-000, Brazil
| | | | - Idalina Vieira Aoki
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnic School, University of São Paulo-USP, São Paulo 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Nadine Schlueter
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Alessandra Bühler Borges
- Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University-UNESP, São José dos Campos 12245-000, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-12-3947-9374
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Topical Agents for Nonrestorative Management of Dental Erosion: A Narrative Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10081413. [PMID: 36011070 PMCID: PMC9408325 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10081413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A nonrestorative approach to the management of dental erosion is the foremost option: controlling dental erosion. The objectives of this study are to provide an overview and to summarise the effects and properties of topical anti-erosive agents as a nonrestorative treatment of dental erosion. A literature search was conducted on five databases of peer-reviewed literature—Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science—to recruit articles published between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2021. The literature search identified 812 studies; 95 studies were included. Topical anti-erosive agents can be broadly categorised as fluorides, calcium phosphate-based agents, organic compounds and other anti-erosive agents. In the presence of saliva, fluorides promote the formation of fluorapatite on teeth through remineralisation. Calcium phosphate-based agents supply the necessary minerals that are lost due to the acid challenge of erosion. Some organic compounds and other anti-erosive agents prevent or control dental erosion by forming a protective layer on the tooth surface, by modifying salivary pellicle or by inhibiting the proteolytic activity of dentine collagenases. Topical anti-erosive agents are promising in managing dental erosion. However, current evidence shows inconsistent or limited results for supporting the use of these agents in clinical settings.
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LINS RODRIGOBARROSESTEVES, SANTI MARINARODRIGUES, NORONHA MAYARADOSSANTOS, SEBOLD MAICON, CAVALLI VANESSA. DOES TITANIUM TETRAFLUORIDE PROMOTE A PROTECTIVE EFFECT ON ERODED TOOTH? A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS. J Evid Based Dent Pract 2021; 22:101682. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jebdp.2021.101682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Okuyama K, Matsuda Y, Yamamoto H, Sakurai M, Naito K, Shintani K, Saito T, Hayashi M, Tamaki Y. Distribution of elements in teeth and inhibition of demineralization by titanium fluoride: Effects of concentration and pH in a titanium fluoride solution. Dent Mater J 2021; 40:736-742. [PMID: 33518692 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2020-193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of titanium fluoride (TiF4) concentration and pH on fluoride distribution and demineralization of root dentin surfaces. Concentrations of 0.1%, 1%, and 2% TiF4 (pH 1), 1% TiF4 solution adjusted to pH 4, 5, 6, and 1.35% sodium fluoride (NaF) solution were applied to root dentin surfaces. Each specimen was subjected to pH cycling (pH: 4.5-7.0) for 4 weeks. Lesion depth and calcium, fluorine, and titanium distribution were then evaluated. Our limited study indicates that lesion depth and fluorine and titanium distribution in dentin depend on the concentration of a TiF4 solution. We also found that a 1% TiF4 solution adjusted to a pH 4-6 can reduce demineralization as effectively as a similar concentration of NaF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsushi Okuyama
- Department of Dental Materials Science, Division of Oral Functional Sciences and Rehabilitation, Asahi University School of Dentistry
| | - Yasuhiro Matsuda
- Division of Clinical Cariology and Endodontology, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido
| | - Hiroko Yamamoto
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Masahiko Sakurai
- Division of Clinical Cariology and Endodontology, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido
| | - Katsuaki Naito
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Kohei Shintani
- Department of Dental Materials Science, Division of Oral Functional Sciences and Rehabilitation, Asahi University School of Dentistry
| | - Takashi Saito
- Division of Clinical Cariology and Endodontology, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido
| | - Mikako Hayashi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Yukimichi Tamaki
- Department of Dental Materials Science, Division of Oral Functional Sciences and Rehabilitation, Asahi University School of Dentistry
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Protective effect of fluorides on erosion and erosion/abrasion in enamel: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized in situ trials. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 120:104945. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Characterization and effect of nanocomplexed fluoride solutions on the inhibition of enamel demineralization created by a multispecies cariogenic biofilm model. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 24:3947-3959. [PMID: 32236723 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03261-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess the in vitro caries preventive effect of nanocomplexed solutions of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and γ-cyclodextrin associated with titanium tetrafluoride (TiF4) after different complexation times (12 or 72 h). MATERIALS AND METHODS Enamel blocks were randomly distributed in 9 groups (n = 11): negative control, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, γ-cyclodextrin, TiF4, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin:TiF4 12 h, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin:TiF4 72 h, γ-cyclodextrin:TiF4 12 h, γ-cyclodextrin:TiF4 72 h, and NaF (positive control). The solutions were applied for 1 min and the blocks were exposed to a biofilm model. Nanocompounds were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray powder diffraction. The percentage of surface microhardness loss (%SML), mineral density changes (ΔZ), lesion depth, surface morphology (scanning electron microscopy-SEM), and chemical characterization (energy-dispersive spectroscopy-EDS) were assessed. RESULTS No oxidation was observed, and the formation of the nanocomplexes was evidenced by changes in the melting point compared to pure cyclodextrins and the loss of crystallinity of the materials. Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin:TiF4 72 h resulted in lower %SML than negative control, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, γ-cyclodextrin, and TiF4 (p < 0.05). NaF differed from all groups (p < 0.05), except for hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin:TiF4 72 h (p = 0.83). ΔZ of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin:TiF4 72 h was higher than negative control, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, γ-cyclodextrin, γ-cyclodextrin:TiF4 1 2 h, γ-cyclodextrin:TiF4 72 h, and NaF (p < 0.05) and similar to TiF4 and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin:TiF4 12 h (p > 0.05). SEM/EDS detected Ti in the blocks subjected to TiF4-products. CONCLUSION The hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin:TiF4 72 h solution showed caries preventive effect on the surface and subsurface of the enamel. CLINICAL RELEVANCE A hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin nanosystem, in association with TiF4 after 72 h of complexation, may be a promising agent for the prevention of enamel demineralization.
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Silva CV, Mantilla TF, Engel Y, Tavares JP, Freitas PM, Rechmann P. The effect of CO 2 9.3 μm short-pulsed laser irradiation in enamel erosion reduction with and without fluoride applications-a randomized, controlled in vitro study. Lasers Med Sci 2020; 35:1213-1222. [PMID: 32030555 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-020-02979-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the protective effect of short-pulsed CO2 9.3 μm laser irradiation against erosion in human enamel without and combined with TiF4 and AmF/NaF/SnCl2 applications, respectively, as well as compared to the protective effect of these fluoride treatments alone. After polishing, ninety enamel samples (3 × 3mm) were used for 9 different treatment groups: 4% TiF4 gel (pH 1.5, 24,533 ppm F-); AmF/NaF/SnCl2 rinse (pH 4.5; 500 ppm F-, 800 ppm Sn2); CO2 laser (average power 0.58 W); CO2 laser (0.58 W) + TiF4; CO2 laser (0.58 W) + AmF/NaF/SnCl2; CO2 laser (0.69 W); CO2 laser (0.69 W) + TiF4; CO2 laser (0.69 W) + AmF/NaF/SnCl2; negative control (deionized water). TiF4 gel was brushed on only once before the first erosive cycling, while samples treated with AmF/NaF/SnCl2 were daily immersed in 5 ml of the solution before cycling. Laser treatment occurred with a CO2 laser (wavelength 9.3 μm, pulse repetition rate 100 Hz, pulse duration 14.6 μs/18 μs, average power 0.58 W/0.69 W, fluence 1.9 J/cm2/2.2 J/cm2, beam diameter 0.63 mm, irradiation time 10 s, air cooling). TiF4 was applied only once, while AmF/NaF/SnCl2 was applied once daily before the erosive challenge. Surface loss (in μm) was measured with optical profilometry immediately after treatment, and after 5 and 10 days of erosive cycling (0.5% citric acid, pH 2.3, 6 × 2 min/day). Additionally, scanning electron microscopy investigations were performed. All application measures resulted in loss of surface height immediately after treatment. After 5 days, significantly reduced surface loss was observed after applying laser irradiation (both power settings) followed by applications of TiF4 or AmF/NaF/SnCl2 solution (p < 0.05; 2-way ANOVA and Tukey test) compared to fluoride application alone. After 10 days, compared to after 5 days, a reduced tissue loss was observed in all groups treated with AmF/NaF/SnCl2 solution. This tissue gain occurred with the AmF/NaF/SnCl2 application alone and was significantly higher when the application was combined with the laser use (p < 0.05). Short-pulsed CO2 9.3 μm laser irradiation followed by additional application of AmF/NaF/SnCl2 solution significantly reduces the progression of dental enamel erosion in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- C V Silva
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2227 - Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - T F Mantilla
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2227 - Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Y Engel
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2227 - Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - J P Tavares
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2227 - Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - P M Freitas
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2227 - Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - P Rechmann
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California at San Francisco, 707 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
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Kirsch J, Hannig M, Winkel P, Basche S, Leis B, Pütz N, Kensche A, Hannig C. Influence of pure fluorides and stannous ions on the initial bacterial colonization in situ. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18499. [PMID: 31811248 PMCID: PMC6898421 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55083-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The present clinical-experimental study aims to examine the effect of pure experimental fluoride solutions and stannous chloride on the initial oral bioadhesion under in situ conditions. After 1 min of pellicle formation on bovine enamel slabs, 12 subjects rinsed with 8 ml of the fluoride test solutions (NaF, Na2PO3F, AmF, SnF2,) with 500 ppm fluoride concentration each for 1 min. Additionally, rinsing without a solution (control) and rinsing with 1563 ppm SnCl2 solution took place for 1 min. Afterwards, fluorescence microscopy took place to visualize bacterial adhesion and glucan formation (8 h oral exposition) with DAPI and ConA and the BacLight method. TEM was performed to visualize the pellicle ultrastructure together with EDX to detect stannous ions. The rinsing solutions with pure SnF2 and SnCl2 reduced significantly the initial bacterial colonization (DAPI). While, NaF and Na2PO3F showed no significant effect compared to the control. There was no significant difference between AmF, SnF2 and SnCl2. All tested experimental solutions showed no reducing effect on the glucan formation. Considerable alterations of the pellicle ultrastructure resulted from rinsing with the Sn-containing solutions. SnF2 appears to be the most effective type of fluoride to reduce initial bacterial colonization in situ. The observed effects primarily have to be attributed to the stannous ions' content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Kirsch
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Matthias Hannig
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital, Saarland University, Building 73, D-66421, Homburg, Saar, Germany
| | - Pia Winkel
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sabine Basche
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Birgit Leis
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital, Saarland University, Building 73, D-66421, Homburg, Saar, Germany
| | - Norbert Pütz
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital, Saarland University, Building 73, D-66421, Homburg, Saar, Germany
| | - Anna Kensche
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Hannig
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307, Dresden, Germany
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Bridi E, Leme-Kraus A, Aydin B, Basting R, Bedran-Russo A. Long-term evaluation of the stability of dentin matrix following treatments with aqueous solutions of titanium tetrafluoride at different concentrations. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 91:51-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Carvalho JC, Scaramucci T, Aimée NR, Mestrinho HD, Hara AT. Early diagnosis and daily practice management of erosive tooth wear lesions. Br Dent J 2018; 224:311-318. [DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2018.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Souza BMD, Fernandes Neto C, Salomão PMA, Vasconcelos LRSMD, Andrade FBD, Magalhães AC. Analysis of the antimicrobial and anti-caries effects of TiF4 varnish under microcosm biofilm formed on enamel. J Appl Oral Sci 2018; 26:e20170304. [PMID: 29489933 PMCID: PMC5829548 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2017-0304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Titanium tetrafluoride (TiF4) is known for interacting with enamel reducing demineralization. However, no information is available about its potential antimicrobial effect. OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the antimicrobial and anti-caries potential of TiF4 varnish compared to NaF varnish, chlorhexidine gel (positive control), placebo varnish and untreated (negative controls) using a dental microcosm biofilm model. MATERIAL AND METHODS A microcosm biofilm was produced on bovine enamel previously treated with the varnishes, using inoculum from human saliva mixed with McBain saliva, under 0.2% sucrose exposure, for 14 days. All experiments were performed in biological triplicate (n=4/group in each experiment). Factors evaluated were: bacterial viability (% dead and live bacteria); CFU counting (log10 CFU/mL); and enamel demineralization (transverse microradiography - TMR). Data were analysed using ANOVA/Tukey's test or Kruskal-Wallis/Dunn's test (p<0.05). RESULTS Only chlorhexidine significantly increased the number of dead bacteria (68.8±13.1% dead bacteria) compared to untreated control (48.9±16.1% dead bacteria). No treatment reduced the CFU counting (total microorganism and total streptococci) compared to the negative controls. Only TiF4 was able to reduce enamel demineralization (ΔZ 1110.7±803.2 vol% μm) compared to both negative controls (untreated: ΔZ 4455.3±1176.4 vol% μm). CONCLUSIONS TiF4 varnish has no relevant antimicrobial effect. Nevertheless, TiF4 varnish was effective in reducing enamel demineralization under this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Martines de Souza
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Universidade de São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Constantino Fernandes Neto
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Universidade de São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Priscila Maria Aranda Salomão
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Universidade de São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brasil
| | | | - Flaviana Bombarda de Andrade
- Departamento de Dentística, Endodontia e Materiais Odontológicos, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Universidade de São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Ana Carolina Magalhães
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Universidade de São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brasil
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Bridi EC, Amaral FLBD, França FMG, Turssi CP, Basting RT. Influence of dentin pretreatment with 2.5% titanium tetrafluoride on inhibiting caries at the tooth-restoration interface in situ. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 86:51-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Comar LP, Souza BM, Al-Ahj LP, Martins J, Grizzo LT, Piasentim IS, Rios D, Buzalaf MAR, Magalhães AC. Mechanism of Action of TiF4 on Dental Enamel Surface: SEM/EDX, KOH-Soluble F, and X-Ray Diffraction Analysis. Caries Res 2017; 51:554-567. [DOI: 10.1159/000479038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the action of TiF4 on sound and carious bovine and human enamel. Sound (S) and pre-demineralised (DE) bovine and human (primary and permanent) enamel samples were treated with TiF4 (pH 1.0) or NaF varnishes (pH 5.0), containing 0.95, 1.95, or 2.45% F for 12 h. The enamel surfaces were analysed using SEM-EDX (scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy) (n = 10, 5 S and 5 DE) and KOH-soluble fluoride was quantified (n = 20, 10 S and 10 DE). Hydroxyapatite powder produced by precipitation method was treated with the corresponding fluoride solutions for 1 min (n = 2). The formed compounds were detected using X-ray diffraction (XRD). All TiF4 varnishes produced a coating layer rich in Ti and F on all types of enamel surface, with micro-cracks in its extension. TiF4 (1.95 and 2.45% F) provided higher fluoride deposition than NaF, especially for bovine enamel (p < 0.0001). It also induced a higher fluoride deposition on DE samples compared to S samples (p < 0.0001), except for primary enamel. The Ti content was higher for bovine and human primary enamel than human permanent enamel, with some differences between S and DE. The XRD analysis showed that TiF4 induced the formation of new compounds such as CaF2, TiO2, and Ti(HPO4)2·H2O. In conclusion, TiF4 (>0.95% F) interacts better, when compared to NaF, with bovine and human primary enamel than with human permanent enamel. TiF4 provoked higher F deposition compared to NaF. Carious enamel showed higher F uptake than sound enamel by TiF4 application, while Ti uptake was dependent on the enamel condition and origin.
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Comar L, Souza B, Martins J, Santos M, Buzalaf M, Magalhães A. Response of carious enamel to TiF 4 varnish treatment under diverse cariogenic activities in situ. J Dent 2017; 63:81-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2017.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Esteves-Oliveira M, Wollgarten S, Liebegall S, Jansen P, Bilandzic M, Meyer-Lueckel H, Fischer H, Stollenwerk J, Poprawe R. A New Laser-Processing Strategy for Improving Enamel Erosion Resistance. J Dent Res 2017; 96:1168-1175. [PMID: 28665779 DOI: 10.1177/0022034517718532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, a new automatic laser-processing strategy allowing standardized irradiation of natural tooth areas was investigated. The objective was to find a combination of laser parameters that could cause over a 600°C temperature increase at the enamel surface while not damaging enamel, avoiding temperature change above 5.5°C in the pulp and increasing enamel erosion resistance. Seventy-seven bovine enamel samples were randomly divided into 6 laser groups and 1 negative control (C/no treatment/ n = 11). A scanning strategy (7 × 3 mm) was used for the CO2 laser treatment (λ = 10.6 µm, 0.1-18 J/cm2) with different pulse durations-namely, 20 µs (G20), 30 µs (G30), 55 µs (G55), and 490 µs (G490), as well as 2 modified pulse distances (G33d, G40d). Measurements of temperature change were performed at the surface (thermal camera/50 Hz), at the underside (thermocouples), and at the pulp chamber using a thermobath and human molars ( n = 10). In addition, histology and X-ray diffraction (XRD/ n = 10) were performed. Erosion was tested using an erosive cycling over 6 d, including immersion in citric acid (2 min/0.05 M/pH = 2.3) 6 times daily. Surface loss was measured using a profilometer and statistical analysis with a 2-way repeated-measures analysis of variance (α = 0.05). Only G20 fulfilled the temperature requirements at the surface (619 ± 21.8°C), at the underside (5.3 ± 1.4°C), and at the pulp (2.0 ± 1.0°C), and it caused no mineral phase change and significant reduction of enamel surface loss (-13.2 ± 4.0 µm) compared to C (-37.0 ± 10.1 µm, P < 0.05). A laser-scanning strategy (20 µs/2 kHz/1.25 J/cm2, 3.4 mm/s) has been established that fulfilled the criteria for biological safety and significantly increased enamel erosion resistance (64%) in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Esteves-Oliveira
- 1 Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - S Wollgarten
- 2 Chair for Laser Technology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - S Liebegall
- 1 Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - P Jansen
- 1 Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - M Bilandzic
- 3 Department of Dental Materials and Biomaterials Research (ZWBF), RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - H Meyer-Lueckel
- 1 Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - H Fischer
- 3 Department of Dental Materials and Biomaterials Research (ZWBF), RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - J Stollenwerk
- 4 Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology (ILT), Aachen, Germany
| | - R Poprawe
- 2 Chair for Laser Technology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,4 Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology (ILT), Aachen, Germany
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Salomão PMA, de Oliveira FA, Rodrigues PD, Al-Ahj LP, Gasque KCDS, Jeggle P, Buzalaf MAR, de Oliveira RC, Edwardson JM, Magalhães AC. The cytotoxic effect of TiF4 and NaF on fibroblasts is influenced by the experimental model, fluoride concentration and exposure time. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179471. [PMID: 28614381 PMCID: PMC5470716 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Titanium tetrafluoride (TiF4) has shown promising effect in preventing tooth lesions. Therefore, we compared the cytotoxicity of TiF4 with sodium fluoride (NaF) (already applied in Dentistry) considering different fluoride concentrations, pH values and experimental models. Materials and methods Step 1) NIH/3T3 fibroblasts were exposed to mediums containing NaF or TiF4 (from 0.15 to 2.45% F), both at native and adjusted pH, for 6 h. Step 2) NIH/3T3 were exposed to NaF or TiF4 varnishes with 0.95, 1.95 or 2.45% F (native pH), for 6, 12 or 24 h. We applied MTT (1st and 2nd steps) and Hoescht/PI stain (2nd step) assays. Step 3) NIH/3T3 were exposed to NaF or TiF4 varnish (2.45% F), at native pH, for 6 or 12 h. The cell stiffness was measured by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Results Step 1) All cells exposed to NaF or TiF4 mediums died, regardless of the F concentration and pH. Step 2) Both varnishes, at 1.90 and 2.45% F, reduced cell viability by similar extents (33–86% at 6 h, 35–93% at 12 h, and 87–98% at 24 h) compared with control, regardless of the type of fluoride. Varnishes with 0.95% F did not differ from control. Step 3) TiF4 and NaF reduced cell stiffness to a similar extent, but only TiF4 differed from control at 6 h. Conclusions Based on the results of the 3 experimental steps, we conclude that TiF4 and NaF have similar cytotoxicity. The cytotoxicity was dependent on F concentration and exposure time. This result gives support for testing the effect of TiF4 varnish in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Flávia Amadeu de Oliveira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula Danielle Rodrigues
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luana Polioni Al-Ahj
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Pia Jeggle
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Rodrigo Cardoso de Oliveira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Carolina Magalhães
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Fekrazad R, Najafi A, Mahfar R, Namdari M, Azarsina M. Comparison of enamel remineralization potential after application of titanium tetra fluoride and carbon dioxide laser. Laser Ther 2017; 26:113-119. [PMID: 28785131 DOI: 10.5978/islsm.17-or-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The aim was comparison of enamel remineralization after application of APF, TiF4 and CO2 laser alone or in combination. MATERIALS AND METHODS Enamel blocks were prepared from human third molars. The initial surface hardness was determined by Vicker's hardness tester. The samples underwent a demineralization regimen for 7 days to produce artificial initial caries. The hardness of enamel blocks with white spot lesions was measured, and the samples which had the mean hardness change of 65-90%, were selected, and randomly divided into 5 groups (N=15): G1: control; G2: APF 1.23%; G3: TiF4 4%; G4: TiF4 4% followed by CO2 laser (10.6 µm wavelength, 1 W peak power, 10 ms pulse duration, 500 ms repeat time, 0.2 mm beam spot size, 2 cm distance); G5: CO2 laser (same parameters) followed by TiF4 4%. Surface hardness recovery was measured after the treatments. Three samples in each group were observed under scanning electron microscope at ×1,000 magnification. Data were analyzed by repeated measure ANOVA and Bonferrouni tests. Significance level was set at 0.05. RESULTS G2, G3, G4 indicated significant differences with control and G5 (p<0.05). Surface hardness in G5 was not significantly different from control (p=0.7) in enamel hardness test. There was not a significant difference between G2 & G3, G2 & G4, and G3 & G4 (p=1). The SEM results indicated globules of calcium fluoride on the surface in G2, and a smooth glaze-like surface layer in G3 and G4. In G5, some micro-cracks without any glaze-like layer were observed. CONCLUSIONS APF, TiF4 and TiF4 before CO2 laser irradiation significantly increased the micro-hardness of initially demineralized enamel surfaces. CO2 laser irradiation before TiF4 application could not remineralize the white-spot lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Fekrazad
- DDS, MSc, FLD, FICD; Associate professor of periodontology department, Dental Faculty-Laser Research Center in Medical Sciences, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Najafi
- DDS; Assistant Professor of Operative Dentistry, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramona Mahfar
- Dental Student; Department of Operative Dentistry, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshid Namdari
- PhD; Assistant Professor of Biostatistics Department, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohadese Azarsina
- DDS; Assistant Professor of Operative Dentistry, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Teixeira L, Manarte-Monteiro P, Manso MC. Enamel lesions: Meta-analysis on effect of prophylactic/therapeutic agents in erosive tissue loss. J Dent Sci 2016; 11:215-224. [PMID: 30894976 PMCID: PMC6395268 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2016.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to perform a meta-analysis on the effect of prophylactic/therapeutic agents in enamel tissue loss due to erosion. A paper search was done on Medline, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library, and 732 papers were identified. The inclusion criteria were very restrictive in order to be able to compare different protocols and methodologies used on those studies. Sixteen papers were eligible, grouped according to the measurement method of enamel tissue loss, and a meta-analysis was done for each type of fluoride- and casein-based agent applied. Standardized mean differences were pooled across studies. There was a significant difference between all the treatment groups and their respective control groups. The highest standardized mean difference on enamel tissue loss (mean; 95% confidence interval) was obtained by stannous fluoride (4.789 μm; 1.968-7.610; P < 0.001), followed by amine fluoride (2.485 μm; 0.746-4.225; P < 0.010), and titanium tetrafluoride (1.787 μm; 1.106-2.469; P < 0.001); the lowest difference was obtained by casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (0.869 μm; 0.007-1.731; P < 0.050) and sodium fluoride (0.820 μm; 0.417-1.223; P < 0.001). Stannous fluoride as a fluoride-based prophylactic/therapeutic agent allowed the lowest enamel tissue loss in erosive conditions. Standardization among future study protocols will allow better comparison regarding the prophylactic/therapeutic agent with the best clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Teixeira
- Conservative and Restorative Dentistry, Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Manarte-Monteiro
- Conservative and Restorative Dentistry, Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Conceição Manso
- Biostatistics, Faculty of Health Sciences, FP-ENAS, University Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal
- REQUIMTE, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Magalhães AC, dos Santos MG, Comar LP, Buzalaf MAR, Ganss C, Schlueter N. Effect of a Single Application of TiF4 Varnish versus Daily Use of a Low-Concentrated TiF4/NaF Solution on Tooth Erosion Prevention in vitro. Caries Res 2016; 50:462-470. [DOI: 10.1159/000448146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the isolated and combined effect of a single application of TiF4 or NaF varnish versus daily use of a solution containing a low concentration of TiF4/NaF against tooth erosion in vitro. A total of 90 bovine enamel and 108 root dentin samples were treated as follows: control (no treatment), solution containing TiF4/NaF (500 ppm F-, pH 4.4), NaF varnish (24,500 ppm F-, pH 5.0), TiF4 varnish (24,500 ppm F-, pH 1.0), TiF4 varnish + solution, and NaF varnish + solution. The erosive challenges were performed 4 × 90s/day (0.1% citric acid, pH 2.5) and, between them, the samples were immersed in artificial saliva. The tooth loss was measured using contact profilometry (after 7 days for dentin and after 7, 10, and 14 days for enamel). All treatments were effective in reducing tooth loss, except NaF varnish for enamel on day 7 (p < 0.0001). TiF4/NaF solution and TiF4 varnish did not differ with respect to enamel loss for 10 days; thereafter, TiF4 varnish lost its protective effect compared to TiF4/NaF solution. The combination of vehicles was more effective in reducing enamel loss than both varnishes on their own but not compared to the solution. For dentin, TiF4 varnish was more effective than NaF varnish, while TiF4/NaF solution and NaF varnish were similar. The combination of vehicles improved the protective effect only when compared to NaF varnish on its own (p < 0.0001). Both types of TiF4 applications, isolated or combined, were effective against tooth erosion, but some differences in their performance were seen between enamel and dentin.
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Castilho ARFD, Salomão PMA, Buzalaf MAR, Magalhães AC. Protective effect of experimental mouthrinses containing NaF and TiF4 on dentin erosive loss in vitro. J Appl Oral Sci 2016; 23:486-90. [PMID: 26537719 PMCID: PMC4621941 DOI: 10.1590/1678-775720150127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This in vitro study assessed the anti-erosive effect of experimental mouthrinses containing TiF4 and NaF on dentin erosive loss. Material and Methods Bovine dentin specimens were randomly allocated into the groups (n=15): 1) SnCl2/NaF/AmF (Erosion Protection®/GABA, pH 4.5, positive control); 2) experimental solution with 0.0815% TiF4 (pH 2.5); 3) 0.105% NaF (pH 4.5); 4) 0.042% NaF+0.049% TiF4 (pH 4.4); 5) 0.063% NaF+0.036% TiF4 (pH 4.5); 6) no treatment (negative control). Each specimen was cyclically demineralized (Sprite Zero, pH 2.6, 4x90 s/day) and exposed to artificial saliva between the erosive challenges for 7 days. The treatment with the fluoride solutions was done 2x60 s/day, immediately after the first and the last erosive challenges of the day. Dentin erosive loss was measured by profilometry (μm). The data were analyzed using Kruskal Wallis/Dunn tests (p<0.05). Results Mouthrinses containing TiF4 or Sn/F were able to show some protective effect against dentin erosive loss compared to negative control. The best anti-erosive effect was found for experimental solution containing 0.0815% TiF4 (100% reduction in dentin loss), followed by 0.042% NaF+0.049% TiF4 (58.3%), SnCl2/NaF/AmF (52%) and 0.063% NaF+0.036% TiF4 (40%). NaF solution (13.3%) did not significantly differ from control. Conclusion The daily application of experimental mouthrinse containing TiF4 and NaF has the ability to reduce dentin erosion, as well as Erosion Protection® and TiF4 alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Rogéria Freire de Castilho
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Priscila Maria Aranda Salomão
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marília Afonso Rabelo Buzalaf
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Magalhães
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Esteves-Oliveira M, Witulski N, Hilgers RD, Apel C, Meyer-Lueckel H, de Paula Eduardo C. Combined Tin-Containing Fluoride Solution and CO2 Laser Treatment Reduces Enamel Erosion in vitro. Caries Res 2015; 49:565-74. [DOI: 10.1159/000439316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of combined CO2 laser and tin-containing fluoride treatment on the formation and progression of enamel erosive lesions. Ninety-six human enamel samples were obtained, stored in thymol solution and, after surface polishing, randomly divided into 6 different surface treatment groups (n = 16 in each group) as follows: no treatment, control (C); one CO2 laser irradiation (L1); two CO2 laser irradiations (L2); daily application of fluoride solution (F); combined daily fluoride solution + one CO2 laser irradiation (L1F), and combined daily fluoride solution + two CO2 laser irradiations (L2F). Laser irradiation was performed at 0.3 J/cm2 (5 µs/226 Hz/10.6 µm) on day 1 (L1) and day 6 (L2). The fluoride solution contained AmF/NaF (500 ppm F), and SnCl2 (800 ppm Sn) at pH 4.5. After surface treatment the samples were submitted to an erosive cycling over 10 days, including immersion in citric acid (2 min/0.05 M/pH = 2.3) 6 times daily and storage in remineralization solution (≥1 h) between erosive attacks. At the end of each cycling day, the enamel surface loss (micrometers) was measured using a 3D laser profilometer. Data were statistically analyzed by means of a 2-level mixed effects model and linear contrasts (α = 0.05). Group F (-3.3 ± 2.0 µm) showed significantly lower enamel surface loss than groups C (-27.22 ± 4.1 µm), L1 (-18.3 ± 4.4 µm) and L2 (-16.3 ± 5.3 µm) but higher than L1F (-1.0 ± 4.4 µm) and L2F (1.4 ± 3.2 µm, p < 0.05). Under the conditions of this in vitro study, the tin-containing fluoride solution caused 88% reduction of enamel surface loss, while its combination with CO2 laser irradiation at 0.3 J/cm2 hampered erosive loss almost completely.
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Inhibition of demineralization around the enamel-dentin/restoration interface after dentin pretreatment with TiF4 and self-etching adhesive systems. Clin Oral Investig 2015; 20:857-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-015-1573-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Al-Mashhadani A, Plygkos I, Bozec L, Rodriguez JM. Three-dimensional in vitro measurements of tooth wear using fluoridated dentifrices. Aust Dent J 2015; 61:304-9. [PMID: 26303968 DOI: 10.1111/adj.12372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to compare differences in wear of human enamel and dentine in vitro using a 3D measurement method comparing silica versus non-silica containing fluoridated dentifrices (Colgate Total(™) [CT] or Fluor Protector Gel(™) [FPG]). METHODS Mounted native enamel (n = 36) and polished dentine (n = 36) samples were subjected to 10 wear cycles. Each cycle consisted of: (1) 1 hour remineralization in artificial saliva (AS); (2) 10 minute erosion (0.3% citric acid; pH = 2.8); (3) 2 minute toothbrush abrasion in AS (G1, control) or a slurry of 3:1 by weight of AS:dentifrice (G2 = CT; G3 = FPG) under a load of 2 N. Each group contained 12 enamel and 12 dentine samples. Paired pre- and post-wear scans made with a contacting scanner were digitally superimposed using ball bearings as datum. RESULTS Mean and (SD) enamel wear was G1 = 21.9 μm (6.4); G2 = 15.2 μm (2.8); G3 = 16.9 μm (3.2). Enamel wear was not different between dentifrices (p = 0.99). Both dentifrices resulted in less enamel wear compared to the control (p < 0.05). Dentine wear was G1 = 41.3 μm (8.1); G2 = 29.1 μm (4.4); G3 = 22.1 μm (3.5). Differences in measurements were observed between dentifrices and control (p < 0.05) and between dentifrices (p = 0.014) with FPG showing less dentine wear than CT. CONCLUSIONS FPG offered protection against erosive/abrasive tooth wear in dentine compared to CT. FPG did not offer such protective effect on enamel wear.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Al-Mashhadani
- Prosthodontics Unit, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - I Plygkos
- Prosthodontics Unit, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - L Bozec
- Biomaterials Unit, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - J M Rodriguez
- Prosthodontics Unit, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, United Kingdom
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Lussi A, Carvalho TS. The Future of Fluorides and Other Protective Agents in Erosion Prevention. Caries Res 2015; 49 Suppl 1:18-29. [DOI: 10.1159/000380886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness of fluoride in caries prevention has been convincingly proven. In recent years, researchers have investigated the preventive effects of different fluoride formulations on erosive tooth wear with positive results, but their action on caries and erosion prevention must be based on different requirements, because there is no sheltered area in the erosive process as there is in the subsurface carious lesions. Thus, any protective mechanism from fluoride concerning erosion is limited to the surface or the near surface layer of enamel. However, reports on other protective agents show superior preventive results. The mechanism of action of tin-containing products is related to tin deposition onto the tooth surface, as well as the incorporation of tin into the near-surface layer of enamel. These tin-rich deposits are less susceptible to dissolution and may result in enhanced protection of the underlying tooth. Titanium tetrafluoride forms a protective layer on the tooth surface. It is believed that this layer is made up of hydrated hydrogen titanium phosphate. Products containing phosphates and/or proteins may adsorb either to the pellicle, rendering it more protective against demineralization, or directly to the dental hard tissue, probably competing with H+ at specific sites on the tooth surface. Other substances may further enhance precipitation of calcium phosphates on the enamel surface, protecting it from additional acid impacts. Hence, the future of fluoride alone in erosion prevention looks grim, but the combination of fluoride with protective agents, such as polyvalent metal ions and some polymers, has much brighter prospects.
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Lepri TP, Colucci V, Turssi CP, Corona SAM. In situ investigation of the effect of TiF4 and CO2 laser irradiation on the permeability of eroded enamel. Arch Oral Biol 2015; 60:941-7. [PMID: 25835379 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 01/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Interest in erosion and its role in tooth wear has increased considerably. Due to the limited contribution of patients in modifying their dietary habits, therapeutic resources aiming to reduce the progression of erosion-like lesions have been discussed. This study sought to evaluate the effect of TiF4 and CO2 laser in controlling the permeability of in situ eroded enamel. DESIGN Ten volunteers wore an intraoral palatal device containing two enamel slabs, treated with TiF4 gel and TiF4 gel + CO2 or placebo gel and placebo gel + CO2. After the washout period, volunteers were crossed over to the other treatment. During both phases, specimens were submitted to erosive challenges and then evaluated for permeability measured as the percentage of copper ion penetration over the total enamel thickness. RESULTS Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that there was a significant interaction between the factors under study (p = 0.0002). Tukey's test showed that TiF4 significantly reduced the enamel permeability of eroded enamel specimens, regardless of whether CO2 laser irradiation was performed. CONCLUSIONS It may be concluded that when the placebo gel was applied, CO2 laser was able to reduce enamel permeability; however, when TiF4 was applied, laser irradiation did not imply a reduction in permeability. TiF4 provided a lower permeability of eroded enamel, regardless of whether the CO2 laser was used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taísa Penazzo Lepri
- Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry - USP, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Av. do Café, S/N Monte Alegre, CEP 14040-904, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Vivian Colucci
- Dental School, University of Ribeirão Preto, Avenida Costábile Romano, 2201, Ribeirânia, CEP 14096-900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Cecília Pedroso Turssi
- São Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Dental Research Center, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Av. José Rocha Junqueira, 13, CEP 13045-755, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Silmara Aparecida Milori Corona
- Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry - USP, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Av. do Café, S/N Monte Alegre, CEP 14040-904, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Hjortsjö C, Jonski G, Young A, Saxegaard E. Etching effect of acidic fluorides on human tooth enamel in vitro. Arch Oral Biol 2014; 59:1328-33. [PMID: 25178018 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2014.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This in vitro study aimed to examine the etching effect of acidic fluoride solutions on enamel. MATERIALS AND METHODS 24 human teeth divided into 48 enamel-specimens were partly isolated with impression material. Specimens were exposed for 10 min to 20ml of the following solutions: 1.6% TiF4, 3.9% SnF2, 0.2% HF and 1.8% citric acid (CA). The isolation was removed and 24 specimens analysed by profilometry (Δheight: exposed/isolated enamel surfaces, surface roughness parameters). For the remaining 24 specimens [Ca(2+)] in the test solutions was analysed by atomic absorption spectroscopy. RESULTS Median Δheights (μm) after exposure were: TiF4 0.07, SnF2 -0.03, HF -0.14 and CA -5.92. TiF4-exposed surfaces showed both deposits and etched areas and exhibited statistically significant different surface roughness parameters compared to the HF- and SnF2-exposed surfaces. Median [Ca(2+)] values (ppm): TiF4 1.88, SnF2 0.11, HF 0.10 and CA 2.17. CONCLUSION At the [F] tested in this study it can be concluded that SnF2- and HF solutions had negligible erosive effects on enamel. TiF4 solution resulted in an incomplete surface deposition associated with calcium dissolution suggesting that TiF4 applied as solution may not be advisable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Hjortsjö
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Oral Function, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1109, Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Grazyna Jonski
- Oral Research Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1109, Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Alix Young
- Department of Cariology and Gerodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1109, Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Erik Saxegaard
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Oral Function, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1109, Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway
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Effect of experimental mouthrinses containing the combination of NaF and TiF4 on enamel erosive wear in vitro. Arch Oral Biol 2014; 59:621-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2014.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Hooper S, Seong J, Macdonald E, Claydon N, Hellin N, Barker ML, He T, West NX. A randomised in situ trial, measuring the anti-erosive properties of a stannous-containing sodium fluoride dentifrice compared with a sodium fluoride/potassium nitrate dentifrice. Int Dent J 2014; 64 Suppl 1:35-42. [PMID: 24571703 DOI: 10.1111/idj.12101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine if a stabilised, stannous-containing sodium fluoride dentifrice provides greater enamel protection in situ against intraoral dietary erosive challenges compared with a sodium fluoride/potassium nitrate dentifrice. METHODS A single-centre, investigator blind, randomised, supervised, two-treatment, non-brushing, four-period crossover in situ study was undertaken, with each test period being 15 days. Thirty-five healthy adult subjects were recruited to participate in the study, which included four erosive acid challenges per day. Subjects were randomised to product treatment, which included either: (1) a stannous-containing sodium fluoride dentifrice (Oral-B(®) Pro-Expert Sensitive) or (2) a sodium fluoride/potassium nitrate dentifrice (Sensodyne(®) Pronamel(®) ). Each study subject wore an intraoral appliance retaining two sterilised, polished human enamel samples for 6 hours/day. Subjects swished with an allocated dentifrice slurry twice a day and with 250 ml of orange juice for 10 minutes (25 ml/minute over a 10-minute period) four times per day. The primary and secondary outcomes for this study were enamel loss measured using contact profilometry at days 15 and 5, respectively, using parametric analysis methods. RESULTS At day 15, a 38% lower enamel loss (P < 0.0001) was observed, with estimated medians of 2.03 μm (SE 0.247) and 3.30 μm (SE 0.379), in favour of the stannous-containing dentifrice. At day 5, specimens treated with the stannous-containing sodium fluoride dentifrice demonstrated 25% less enamel loss than those treated with the sodium fluoride/potassium nitrate dentifrice. Treatment differences at day 5 were also statistically significant (P < 0.05), with estimated medians of 1.37 μm (SE 0.177) and 1.83 μm (SE 0.223), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Results of this in situ study suggest the stabilised, stannous-containing sodium fluoride dentifrice could be used to provide significantly greater protection to enamel from erosive acid challenge compared with that provided by conventional fluoride-containing products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Hooper
- Clinical Trials Unit, Bristol Dental School, Bristol, UK
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Yamashita JM, Torres NM, Moura-Grec PG, Marsicano JA, Sales-Peres A, Sales-Peres SHC. Role of arginine and fluoride in the prevention of eroded enamel: an in vitro model. Aust Dent J 2014; 58:478-82. [PMID: 24320905 DOI: 10.1111/adj.12110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of arginine and fluoride on the reduction of erosive wear. METHODS Bovine enamel blocks were randomly allocated into four groups (n = 20) and exposed to: ESPR group (8% arginine, 1450 ppm sodium monofluorophosphate, calcium carbonate and titanium dioxide); ESen group (1450 ppm sodium monofluorophosphate, 5% potassium citrate); positive control PC group (1500 ppm sodium monofluorophosphate) and negative control NC group (water). The samples were submitted to six alternating cycles of demineralization-remineralization (cola, 10 minutes; artificial saliva, 1 hour, respectively). Before and between cyclic demineralization and remineralization, blocks were treated with slurries of the respective toothpastes or water (1 minute). Erosive tissue loss was analysed by microhardness and profilometry. Data were analysed by ANOVA and Tukey tests for individual comparisons among the groups (p < 0.05). RESULTS In microhardness, the ESPR (217.46 ± 55.45) group was significantly better than the other treatment groups (PC = 302.76 ± 96.10; ESen = 315.56 ± 74.56; p < 0.001). The ESPR group showed a similar loss to NC group (NC = 210.8 ± 49.98; p = 0.991). The mean erosion depth (+/- SE, μm) was detected between NC (14.37 ± 1.72) and dentifrices tested (ESPR (4.11 ± 1.34), ESen group (7.64 ± 1.61) and PC (8.20 ± 2.19) (p = 0.000). CONCLUSIONS From the results of the present study, the effectiveness of Sensitive Pro Relief in the prevention of erosive surface loss seems to be attributed to the possible effect of the arginine associated with fluoride.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Yamashita
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
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Efficacy of TiF4 and NaF varnish and solution: a randomized in situ study on enamel erosive–abrasive wear. Clin Oral Investig 2013; 18:1097-1102. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-013-1096-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Schlueter N, Klimek J, Ganss C. Effect of a chitosan additive to a Sn2+-containing toothpaste on its anti-erosive/anti-abrasive efficacy--a controlled randomised in situ trial. Clin Oral Investig 2013; 18:107-15. [PMID: 23417572 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-013-0941-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES It is well known that Sn(2+) is a notable anti-erosive agent. There are indications that biopolymers such as chitosan can enhance the effect of Sn(2+), at least in vitro. However, little information exists about their anti-erosive/anti-abrasive in situ effects. In the present in situ study, the efficacy of Sn(2+)-containing toothpastes in the presence or absence of chitosan was tested. METHODS Ten subjects participated in the randomised crossover study, wearing mandibular appliances with human enamel specimens. Specimens were extraorally demineralised (7 days, 0.5% citric acid, pH 2.6; 6 × 2 min/day) and intraorally exposed to toothpaste suspensions (2 × 2 min/day). Within the suspension immersion time, one half of the specimens were additionally brushed intraorally with a powered toothbrush (5 s, 2.5 N). Tested preparations were a placebo toothpaste (negative control), two experimental toothpastes (F/Sn = 1,400 ppm F(-), 3,500 ppm Sn(2+); F/Sn/chitosan = 1,400 ppm F(-), 3,500 ppm Sn(2+), 0.5 % chitosan) and an SnF2-containing gel (positive control, GelKam = 3,000 ppm Sn(2+), 1,000 ppm F(-)). Substance loss was quantified profilometrically (μm). RESULTS In the placebo group, tissue loss was 11.2 ± 4.6 (immersion in suspension) and 17.7 ± 4.7 (immersion in suspension + brushing). Immersion in each Sn(2+)-containing suspension significantly reduced tissue loss (p ≤ 0.01); after immersion in suspension + brushing, only the treatments with GelKam (5.4 ± 5.5) and with F/Sn/chitosan (9.6 ± 5.6) significantly reduced loss [both p ≤ 0.05 compared to placebo; F/Sn 12.8 ± 6.4 (not significant)] CONCLUSION Chitosan enhanced the efficacy of the Sn(2+)-containing toothpaste as an anti-erosive/anti-abrasive agent. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The use of Sn(2+)- and chitosan-containing toothpaste is a good option for symptomatic therapy in patients with regular acid impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Schlueter
- Department of Preventive, Restorative and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010, Bern, Switzerland,
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Aykut-Yetkiner A, Wiegand A, Bollhalder A, Becker K, Attin T. Effect of Acidic Solution Viscosity on Enamel Erosion. J Dent Res 2013; 92:289-94. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034512473115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this in vitro study was to investigate the effects of viscosity changes of different acidic solutions on dental erosion. Bovine enamel samples (n = 240, Ø = 3 mm) were embedded in acrylic resin and were allocated to 30 groups (n = 8). Citric acid (CA) and phosphoric acid (PA) solutions at pH 2.5, 3, and 3.5 were prepared in de-ionized water (titratable acidity to pH 5.5: 31 ± 0.6 mmol OH-/l). The kinetic viscosities of the acidic solutions were adjusted to 1.5, 3, 6, 12, and 24 mm2/sec by the addition of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) at different concentrations. Solutions were pumped over the enamel surface from a reservoir with a drop rate of 1 mL/min. Each specimen was eroded for 10 min at 20°C. Erosion of enamel surfaces was measured by profilometry. Data were analyzed by analyses of variance and logarithmic regression analyses ( p < 0.05). Enamel loss was dependent on viscosity, pH, and the kind of acid. The regression analyses showed that higher viscosity caused lower enamel erosion for both acids and all pH levels. Dental erosion is dependent not only on chemical factors of the acid, like pH and acid type, but also on acid viscosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Aykut-Yetkiner
- University of Zürich, Clinic for Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, Zürich, Switzerland
- University of Ege, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pedodontics, Izmir, Turkey
| | - A. Wiegand
- University of Zürich, Clinic for Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - A. Bollhalder
- University of Zürich, Clinic for Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - K. Becker
- University of Zürich, Clinic for Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - T. Attin
- University of Zürich, Clinic for Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, Zürich, Switzerland
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Comar LP, Wiegand A, Moron BM, Rios D, Buzalaf MAR, Buchalla W, Magalhães AC. In situ effect of sodium fluoride or titanium tetrafluoride varnish and solution on carious demineralization of enamel. Eur J Oral Sci 2012; 120:342-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.2012.00968.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Livia P. Comar
- Departmentof Biological Sciences; Bauru School of Dentistry; University of São Paulo; Bauru; SP; Brazil
| | - Annette Wiegand
- Clinic for Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology; University of Zürich; Zürich; Switzerland
| | - Bruna M. Moron
- Departmentof Biological Sciences; Bauru School of Dentistry; University of São Paulo; Bauru; SP; Brazil
| | - Daniela Rios
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Orthodontic and Public Health; Bauru School of Dentistry; University of São Paulo; Bauru; SP; Brazil
| | - Marília A. R. Buzalaf
- Departmentof Biological Sciences; Bauru School of Dentistry; University of São Paulo; Bauru; SP; Brazil
| | - Wolfgang Buchalla
- Clinic for Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology; University of Zürich; Zürich; Switzerland
| | - Ana C. Magalhães
- Departmentof Biological Sciences; Bauru School of Dentistry; University of São Paulo; Bauru; SP; Brazil
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Lepri TP, Colucci V, Turssi CP, Corona SAM. Permeability of eroded enamel following application of different fluoride gels and CO2 laser. Lasers Med Sci 2012; 28:235-40. [PMID: 22639231 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-012-1123-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the combined effect of fluoride compounds and CO(2) laser in controlling the permeability of eroded enamel. Bovine enamel slabs (3 × 2 mm) were cycled twice through an alternating erosion and remineralization regimen. Slabs were immersed in 20 ml of orange juice (pH 3.84) for 5 min under agitation, rinsed with deionized water, and stored in artificial saliva for 4 h to form erosive lesions. Specimens were then divided into four groups (n = 10), which were treated for 1 min with either a control or with one of the following gels: amine fluoride (AmF), titanium tetrafluoride (TiF(4)), or sodium fluoride (NaF). Half of the specimens were irradiated with a CO(2) laser (λ = 10.6 μm; 2.0 W). Specimens were cycled two more times through the aforementioned erosion-remineralization regimen and were subjected to permeability assessment. ANOVA demonstrated a significant interaction between fluoride and laser treatment (p = 0.0152). Tukey's test showed that when fluoride was applied alone, TiF(4) resulted in lower enamel permeability than that observed after application of the placebo gel. Intermediate permeability values were noted after NaF and AmF had been used. A significant reduction in enamel permeability was obtained when fluoride was combined with CO(2) laser treatment, with no difference between fluoride gels. Permeability of eroded enamel may be reduced by combining the application of fluoride gels with CO(2) laser irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taísa Penazzo Lepri
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry-USP, Avenida do Café, SN Monte Alegre, CEP 14040-904, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Levy FM, Magalhães AC, Gomes MF, Comar LP, Rios D, Buzalaf MAR. The erosion and abrasion-inhibiting effect of TiF(4) and NaF varnishes and solutions on enamel in vitro. Int J Paediatr Dent 2012; 22:11-6. [PMID: 21689178 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-263x.2011.01151.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE. Previous in vitro study has shown that TiF(4) varnish might reduce enamel erosion. No data regarding the effect of this experimental varnish on enamel erosion plus abrasion, however, are available so far. Thus, this in vitro study aimed to analyse the effect of TiF(4) compared with NaF varnishes and solutions, to protect against enamel erosion with or without abrasion. METHODS. Enamel specimens were pre-treated with experimental-TiF(4) (2.45% F), experimental-NaF (2.45% F), NaF-Duraphat (2.26% F), and placebo varnishes; NaF (2.26% F) and TiF(4) (2.45% F) solutions. Controls remained untreated. The erosive challenge was performed using a soft drink (pH 2.6) 4 × 90 s/day (ERO) and the toothbrushing abrasion (ERO+ABR) 2 × 10 s/day, for 5 days. Between the challenges, the specimens were exposed to artificial saliva. Enamel loss was measured profilometrically (μm). RESULTS. Kruskal-Wallis/Dunn tests showed that all fluoridated varnishes (TiF(4) -ERO:0.53 ± 0.20, ERO+ABR:0.65 ± 0.19/NaF-ERO:0.94 ± 0.18, ERO+ABR:1.74 ± 0.37/Duraphat-ERO:1.00 ± 0.37, ERO+ABR:1.72 ± 0.58) were able to significantly reduce enamel loss when compared with placebo varnish (ERO:3.45 ± 0.41/ERO+ABR:3.20 ± 0.66) (P < 0.0001). Placebo varnish, control (ERO:2.68 ± 0.53/ERO+ABR:3.01 ± 0.34), and fluoridated (NaF-ERO:2.84 ± 0.09/ERO+ABR:2.40 ± 0.21/TiF(4) -ERO:3.55 ± 0.59/ERO+ABR:4.10 ± 0.38) solutions did not significantly differ from each other. CONCLUSION. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the TiF(4) varnish seems to be a promising treatment to reduce enamel loss under mild erosive and abrasive conditions in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Mauad Levy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
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Huysmans M, Jager D, Ruben J, Unk D, Klijn C, Vieira A. Reduction of Erosive Wear in situ by Stannous Fluoride-Containing Toothpaste. Caries Res 2011; 45:518-23. [DOI: 10.1159/000331391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Anti-erosive potential of amine fluoride, cerium chloride and laser irradiation application on dentine. Arch Oral Biol 2011; 56:1541-7. [PMID: 21737063 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2011.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2011] [Revised: 05/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
METHODS Ninety-six dentine samples were prepared from human premolars and randomly assigned to eight groups (G1-G8). Samples were treated for 30s with the following solutions: placebo (G1/G2), amine fluoride (Elmex fluid; G3/G4), cerium chloride (G5/G6) and combined fluoride/cerium chloride application (G7/G8). Samples of groups G2, G4, G6 and G8 were additionally irradiated with a carbon dioxide laser through the solutions for 30s. Acid resistance was assessed in a six-time 5-min consecutive lactic acid (pH 3.0) erosion model and calcium release was determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Furthermore, six additional samples per group were prepared and subjected to EDS-analysis. RESULTS In the non-irradiated groups, specimens of G1 (placebo) showed the highest calcium release when compared to the other treatments (G3, G5 and G7). The highest acid resistance was observed for G7. In G3, calcium release was lower than in G5, but higher than in G7. In general (except for the placebo groups), calcium release in the laser-irradiated groups was higher compared with the respective non-irradiated groups. EDS showed a replacement of calcium by cerium and of phosphor by fluoride. CONCLUSION The highest anti-erosive potential was found after combined cerium chloride and amine fluoride application. Laser irradiation had not adjunctive effect.
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Kim YS, Kwon HK, Kim BI. Effect of nano-carbonate apatite to prevent re-stain after dental bleaching in vitro. J Dent 2011; 39:636-42. [PMID: 21763391 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2011.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2011] [Revised: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 07/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examined the effect of nano-carbonate apatite (n-CAP) to prevent re-staining and the change of enamel surface after dental bleaching in vitro. METHODS Twenty-four bovine specimens were bleached for 2 weeks with 10% carbamide peroxide (CP). After bleaching, the specimens were divided into the following four groups: distilled and deionized water (DDW, negative control), 10% n-CAP, NaF (positive control) and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP, positive control). Each group was subjected to pH cycling for 7 days. The specimens were treated for 4 min 3 times per day and re-staining was induced naturally by artificial saliva in the remineralization process. After pH cycling, the changes in colour were evaluated with spectrophotometry and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The difference in colour between before and after pH cycling was evaluated using an ANOVA and Tukey test. RESULTS After pH cycling, the colour difference of n-CAP group was significantly lower than that of the DDW and CPP-ACP groups (p<0.05). SEM showed that n-CAP particles were deposited regularly on the damaged surface compared to the other groups. CONCLUSION 10% n-CAP could significantly maintain the initial colour and protect the damaged enamel structure after bleaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Kim
- Department of Preventive Dentistry and Public Oral Health, Research Center for Orofacial Hard Tissue Regeneration Brain Korea 21 project, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Esteves-Oliveira M, Pasaporti C, Heussen N, Eduardo C, Lampert F, Apel C. Rehardening of acid-softened enamel and prevention of enamel softening through CO2 laser irradiation. J Dent 2011; 39:414-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2011.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2011] [Revised: 03/09/2011] [Accepted: 03/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Schlueter N, Hara A, Shellis R, Ganss C. Methods for the Measurement and Characterization of Erosion in Enamel and Dentine. Caries Res 2011; 45 Suppl 1:13-23. [DOI: 10.1159/000326819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Magalhães AC, Romanelli AC, Rios D, Comar LP, Navarro RS, Grizzo LT, Aranha ACC, Buzalaf MAR. Effect of a single application of TiF4 and NaF varnishes and solutions combined with Nd:YAG laser irradiation on enamel erosion in vitro. Photomed Laser Surg 2011; 29:537-44. [PMID: 21595551 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2010.2886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This in vitro study aimed to analyze the influence of neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser irradiation on the efficacy of titanium tetrafluoride (TiF(4)) and sodium fluoride (NaF) varnishes and solutions to protect enamel against erosion. BACKGROUND DATA The effect of Nd:YAG laser irradiation on NaF and AmF was analyzed; however, there is no available data on the interaction between Nd:YAG laser irradiation and TiF(4). METHODS Bovine enamel specimens were pre-treated with NaF varnish, TiF(4) varnish, NaF solution, TiF(4) solution, placebo varnish, Nd:YAG (84.9 J/cm(2)), Nd:YAG prior to or through NaF varnish, Nd:YAG prior to or through TiF(4) varnish, Nd:YAG prior to or through NaF solution, Nd:YAG prior to or through TiF(4) solution, and Nd:YAG prior to or through placebo varnish. Controls remained untreated. Ten specimens in each group were then subjected to an erosive demineralization (Sprite Zero, 4 × 90 s/day) and remineralization (artificial saliva, between the erosive cycles) cycling for 5 days. Enamel loss was measured profilometrically (μm). Additionally, treated but non-eroded specimens were additionally analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) (each group n = 2). The data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test (p < 0.05). RESULTS Only TiF(4) varnish (1.8 ± 0.6 μm), laser prior to TiF(4) varnish (1.7 ± 0.3 μm) and laser prior to TiF(4) solution (1.4 ± 0.3 μm) significantly reduced enamel erosion compared to the control (4.1 ± 0.6 μm). SEM pictures showed that specimens treated with TiF(4) varnish presented a surface coating. CONCLUSIONS Nd:YAG laser irradiation was not effective against enamel erosion and it did not have any influence on the efficacy of F, except for TiF(4) solution. On the other hand, TiF(4) varnish protected against enamel erosion, without the influence of laser irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Magalhães
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Vieira AM, Ruben JL, Bronkhorst EM, Huysmans MCDNJM. In vitro reduction of dental erosion by low-concentration TiF4 solutions. Caries Res 2011; 45:142-7. [PMID: 21454977 DOI: 10.1159/000324805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2010] [Accepted: 01/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of this study were to compare daily versus single applications of low-concentration TiF(4) solutions for reduction of enamel erosion and to evaluate the enamel surface loss due to application of these solutions. Sixty bovine enamel samples were randomly divided into 2 groups: single versus daily treatment with TiF(4) solution (ST vs. DT), which were subdivided into 5 subgroups (n = 6): 0% (control); 0.1, 0.5, 0.75 and 1% TiF(4) concentration. Fluoride treatment was performed by immersing specimens in 10 ml of the TiF(4) solutions for 5 min and rinsing them with tap water for 30 s. ST specimens were treated once only, DT specimens were treated before each erosion cycle. All specimens were subjected to 4 erosion cycles: 6 immersions of 2 min in Sprite, tap water rinse for 1 min and storage in artificial saliva for 1.5 h. Erosive enamel loss was measured using light profilometry, after each fluoride treatment and each erosive cycle. The values of surface loss/gain at application of the TiF(4) solutions did not significantly differ from zero. At the end of the 4 erosion cycles, 0.5% showed the least (ST: 3.45 ± 0.27 μm, DT: 1.08 ± 1.69 μm) and 1% showed the most surface loss (ST: 4.87 ± 1.13 μm, DT: 6.56 ± 1.49 μm). A significant reduction of surface loss was found only for 0.5% DT (p = 0.009). Within the limitations of an in vitro study, it was concluded that multiple applications of a 0.5% TiF(4) solution significantly reduced enamel erosion in vitro and caused no enamel loss at application.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Vieira
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Centre for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
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Lussi A, Schlueter N, Rakhmatullina E, Ganss C. Dental Erosion – An Overview with Emphasis on Chemical and Histopathological Aspects. Caries Res 2011; 45 Suppl 1:2-12. [DOI: 10.1159/000325915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
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Wegehaupt FJ, Sener B, Attin T, Schmidlin PR. Application of cerium chloride to improve the acid resistance of dentine. Arch Oral Biol 2010; 55:441-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2010.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2009] [Revised: 03/17/2010] [Accepted: 03/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Schlueter N, Neutard L, von Hinckeldey J, Klimek J, Ganss C. Tin and fluoride as anti-erosive agents in enamel and dentine in vitro. Acta Odontol Scand 2010; 68:180-4. [PMID: 20095948 DOI: 10.3109/00016350903555395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the efficacy of an experimental tin- and fluoride-containing mouth rinse on progression of erosion in enamel and dentine in vitro. MATERIAL AND METHODS Human enamel and dentine specimens were subjected to a cyclic demineralization and remineralization procedure for 10 days, with six 5-min demineralization periods per day. Erosive demineralization was performed with 0.05 M citric acid (pH 2.3). Except in the negative control group, the specimens were treated for 2 min with mouth rinses after the first and sixth demineralizations. An experimental tin-containing fluoride mouth rinse [125 mg/kg F(-) (amine fluoride), 375 mg/kg F(-) (NaF), 800 mg/kg Sn(2+) (SnCl(2))] and an experimental sodium fluoride mouth rinse (500 mg/kg F(-)) were used (both pH 4.5). A commercially available, tin-containing mouth rinse served as a positive control (pH 4.2, 409 mg/kg Sn(2+), 250 mg/kg F(-)). Tissue loss was determined profilometrically. RESULTS The highest tissue loss was found in the negative control group, in both enamel and dentine. In enamel, the NaF solution showed almost no effect. Both tin-containing solutions significantly reduced tissue loss (positive control: 65%; 800 mg/kg Sn(2+): 78%; both p ≤ 0.001 compared to negative control). In dentine all mouth rinses significantly reduced tissue loss (positive control: 43%; 800 mg/kg Sn(2+): 53%; NaF: 40%; all p ≤ 0.001 compared to negative control). CONCLUSIONS In enamel, the efficacy of mouth rinses depended on the compound used; tin-containing preparations were notably effective. In dentine, however, reduction of substance loss was nearly the same in all treatment groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Schlueter
- Department of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Dental Clinic of the Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.
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Wiegand A, Hiestand B, Sener B, Magalhães AC, Roos M, Attin T. Effect of TiF4, ZrF4, HfF4 and AmF on erosion and erosion/abrasion of enamel and dentin in situ. Arch Oral Biol 2010; 55:223-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2009.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2009] [Revised: 11/13/2009] [Accepted: 11/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Magalhães AC, Levy FM, Rios D, Buzalaf MAR. Effect of a single application of TiF4 and NaF varnishes and solutions on dentin erosion in vitro. J Dent 2010; 38:153-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2009.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2009] [Revised: 09/24/2009] [Accepted: 09/28/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Wiegand A, Magalhães AC, Sener B, Waldheim E, Attin T. TiF4 and NaF at pH 1.2 but not at pH 3.5 are able to reduce dentin erosion. Arch Oral Biol 2009; 54:790-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2009.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2009] [Revised: 04/23/2009] [Accepted: 05/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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