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Hardan L, Bourgi R, Flores-Ledesma A, Devoto W, Devoto E, Fernández-Barrera MÁ, Kharouf N, Cuevas-Suárez CE. Is a White Diet Necessary for Tooth Bleaching Procedures? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Dent J (Basel) 2024; 12:118. [PMID: 38668030 PMCID: PMC11049513 DOI: 10.3390/dj12040118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this investigation was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the necessity of a white diet during or following a bleaching procedure. This systematic review and meta-analysis followed the PRISMA guidelines meticulously. The research question was: Is a white diet necessary during and/or after a bleaching treatment? In vitro studies or clinical trials reporting the color change in bleached enamel after the use of a free-staining diet were considered for full-text review. For the analyses, a random-effects model was employed. Statistical significance was defined as a p-value < 0.05. A total of 17 documents were eligible for qualitative analysis: 5 clinical trials and 12 in vitro studies. Only data from the clinical trials were included in the meta-analysis. For at-home bleaching, differences in the color among the subjects were not statistically significant during the first (p = 0.64), second (p = 0.26) or third (p = 0.43) weeks of treatment. Also, the color difference one month after finishing the bleaching treatment were not statistically significant (p = 0.27). The color difference one month after finishing an in-office treatment showed that the restrictions on diet did not significantly improve the bleaching outcomes (p = 0.90). According to the findings of this review, dietary restrictions are not necessary during or after bleaching procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Hardan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut 1107 2180, Lebanon; (L.H.); (R.B.)
| | - Rim Bourgi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut 1107 2180, Lebanon; (L.H.); (R.B.)
- Department of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, INSERM UMR_S 1121, Biomaterials and Bioengineering, 67000 Strasbourg, France;
| | - Abigailt Flores-Ledesma
- Dental Materials and Biomaterials Laboratory Faculty of Stomatology, Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla, Puebla 72000, Mexico;
| | - Walter Devoto
- Private Practice, 16030 Liguria, Italy; (W.D.); (E.D.)
| | - Emma Devoto
- Private Practice, 16030 Liguria, Italy; (W.D.); (E.D.)
| | - Miguel Ángel Fernández-Barrera
- Dental Materials Laboratory, Academic Area of Dentistry, Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Circuito Ex Hacienda La Concepción S/N, San Agustín Tlaxiaca 42160, Mexico;
| | - Naji Kharouf
- Department of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, INSERM UMR_S 1121, Biomaterials and Bioengineering, 67000 Strasbourg, France;
- Department of Endodontics and Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Carlos Enrique Cuevas-Suárez
- Dental Materials Laboratory, Academic Area of Dentistry, Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Circuito Ex Hacienda La Concepción S/N, San Agustín Tlaxiaca 42160, Mexico;
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Glowacka-Sobotta A, Ziental D, Czarczynska-Goslinska B, Michalak M, Wysocki M, Güzel E, Sobotta L. Nanotechnology for Dentistry: Prospects and Applications. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:2130. [PMID: 37513141 PMCID: PMC10383982 DOI: 10.3390/nano13142130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
In the XXI century, application of nanostructures in oral medicine has become common. In oral medicine, using nanostructures for the treatment of dental caries constitutes a great challenge. There are extensive studies on the implementation of nanomaterials to dental composites in order to improve their properties, e.g., their adhesive strength. Moreover, nanostructures are helpful in dental implant applications as well as in maxillofacial surgery for accelerated healing, promoting osseointegration, and others. Dental personal care products are an important part of oral medicine where nanomaterials are increasingly used, e.g., toothpaste for hypersensitivity. Nowadays, nanoparticles such as macrocycles are used in different formulations for early cancer diagnosis in the oral area. Cancer of the oral cavity-human squamous carcinoma-is the sixth leading cause of death. Detection in the early stage offers the best chance at total cure. Along with diagnosis, macrocycles are used for photodynamic mechanism-based treatments, which possess many advantages, such as protecting healthy tissues and producing good cosmetic results. Application of nanostructures in medicine carries potential risks, like long-term influence of toxicity on body, which need to be studied further. The introduction and development of nanotechnologies and nanomaterials are no longer part of a hypothetical future, but an increasingly important element of today's medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arleta Glowacka-Sobotta
- Chair and Department of Orthodontics and Temporomandibular Disorders, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Bukowska 70, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
| | - Daniel Ziental
- Chair and Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Beata Czarczynska-Goslinska
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland
| | - Maciej Michalak
- Chair and Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Marcin Wysocki
- Chair and Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Emre Güzel
- Department of Engineering Fundamental Sciences, Sakarya University of Applied Sciences, 54050 Sakarya, Türkiye
- Biomedical Technologies Application and Research Center (BIYOTAM), Sakarya University of Applied Sciences, 54050 Sakarya, Türkiye
| | - Lukasz Sobotta
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland
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Parthasarathy R, Kumarappan S, Vishwanath S, Thanikachalam Y, Srinivasan S, Ramachandran S. Efficacy of Tooth Bleaching With Prior Application of Two Different Desensitizing Agents: An In Vitro Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e41361. [PMID: 37546082 PMCID: PMC10399639 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.41361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To compare and evaluate the efficacy of tooth bleaching with prior application of two different desensitizing agents such as sodium fluoride and 5% potassium nitrate. Materials and methods A total of 108 extracted human maxillary central incisors were stained in black coffee solution and stored in artificial saliva for colour stabilization. The specimens were randomly divided into three groups (n = 36) according to the following protocols: (a) bleaching without desensitizer, (b) bleaching with prior application of sodium fluoride, and (c) bleaching with prior application of 5% potassium nitrate. After fabricating customized trays, desensitizers were applied for 10 minutes followed by 16% carbamide peroxide bleaching gel, which was in contact with the teeth for three hours. The bleaching efficacy was evaluated at baseline (after staining), 3rd day, 7th day, and 14th day using a digital spectrophotometer. Results There was an increase in the overall colour change (∆E) from baseline to 14th day, which was statistically significant at cervical, middle, and incisal thirds of the teeth between the three groups with the sodium fluoride group showing decreased ∆E. Conclusions Carbamide peroxide (16%) showed improved whitening efficacy from baseline to the 14th day with increasing median values at all time periods. The sodium fluoride group showed decreased ∆E value when compared to other groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revathy Parthasarathy
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, IND
| | | | - Sankar Vishwanath
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, KSR Institute of Dental Science and Research, Tiruchengode, IND
| | - Yashini Thanikachalam
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Chettinad Dental College and Research Institute, Chennai, IND
| | - Srividhya Srinivasan
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, IND
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Basheer RR, Abouelmagd DM, Alnefaie A, Baamer R. Effect of At-Home Versus Over-the-Counter Bleaching Agents on Enamel Color, Roughness, and Color Stability. Cureus 2023; 15:e39036. [PMID: 37323345 PMCID: PMC10266434 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.39036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of standard at-home bleaching agents in comparison to new over-the-counter (OTC) products on human enamel regarding color change, color stability, and surface roughness. Methodology A total of 80 extracted adult human maxillary central incisors were prepared and arbitrarily divided into the following four equal groups (N =20): group A: at-home opalescence boost containing 15% carbamide peroxide (CP); group B: crest whitening strips containing 6% hydrogen peroxide (HP); group C: light-emitted diode (LED) home tray with 20% CP + 4% HP; and group D: white and black toothpaste containing active charcoal components. Tooth color was measured using a spectrophotometer. Enamel surface roughness using a three-dimensional optical profilometer was measured before and after the bleaching procedure. To assess color stability, each bleached group was further subdivided into two equal subgroups (n = 10) according to the immersion media of either coffee or tea. Finally, the color was measured after 24 hours of immersion. Results All groups showed improvement in color from the baseline. The crest whitening strips group showed the lowest color improvement in comparison to all other groups. After staining, group C showed the lowest mean color change value ∆E2. No statistically significant difference was noted in surface roughness among all groups. Conclusions All OTC bleaching products as well as at-home bleaching improve teeth color and increase roughness on the enamel surface. Staining media has an adverse effect on the teeth after bleaching. The LED home tray showed a better whitening effect and color stability after bleaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha R Basheer
- Restorative Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
- Conservative Department, Faculty of Dentistry, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, Giza, EGY
| | - Dalia M Abouelmagd
- Restorative Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
- Restorative Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, EGY
| | - Abeer Alnefaie
- General Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Raghad Baamer
- General Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
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Limeback H, Meyer F, Enax J. Tooth Whitening with Hydroxyapatite: A Systematic Review. Dent J (Basel) 2023; 11:dj11020050. [PMID: 36826195 PMCID: PMC9955010 DOI: 10.3390/dj11020050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A steadily increasing public demand for whiter teeth has resulted in the development of new oral care products for home use. Hydroxyapatite (HAP) is a new ingredient to whiten teeth. This systematic review focuses on the evidence of whether HAP can effectively whiten teeth. A systematic search using the PICO approach and PRISMA guidelines was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, SciFinder, and Google Scholar as databases. All study designs (in vitro, in vivo) and publications in foreign language studies were included. Of the 279 study titles that the searches produced, 17 studies met the inclusion criteria. A new "Quality Assessment Tool For In Vitro Studies" (the QUIN Tool) was used to determine the risk of bias of the 13 studies conducted in vitro. Moreover, 12 out of 13 studies had a low risk of bias. The in vivo studies were assigned Cochrane-based GRADE scores. The results in vitro and in vivo were consistent in the direction of showing a statistically significant whitening of enamel. The evidence from in vitro studies is rated overall as having a low risk of bias. The evidence from in vivo clinical trials is supported by modest clinical evidence based on six preliminary clinical trials. It can be concluded that the regular use of hydroxyapatite-containing oral care products effectively whitens teeth, but more clinical trials are required to support the preliminary in vivo evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hardy Limeback
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada
- Correspondence:
| | - Frederic Meyer
- Dr. Kurt Wolff GmbH & Co. KG, Research Department, Johanneswerkstr. 34-36, 33611 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Joachim Enax
- Dr. Kurt Wolff GmbH & Co. KG, Research Department, Johanneswerkstr. 34-36, 33611 Bielefeld, Germany
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Bayat Tork M, Vazifedoost M, Hesarinejad MA, Didar Z, Shafafi Zenoozian M. Fabrication of Dragee Containing Spirulina platensis Microalgae to Enrich Corn Snack and Evaluate Its Sensorial, Physicochemical and Nutritional Properties. Foods 2022; 11:foods11131909. [PMID: 35804726 PMCID: PMC9265436 DOI: 10.3390/foods11131909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, the possibility of enriching snacks with Spirulina palatensis (SP) powder as a dragee was studied. In dragee formulation, the effects of various levels of SP, sunflower oil, NaCl and sour whey powder on sensory, physicochemical and nutritional properties were investigated. The dragee formulation was optimized and the characteristics of the optimal sample were compared with the control sample (containing dragee without SP). The results showed that adding SP increased the flavonoids, total anthocyanin content, vitamins, protein, minerals, essential and non-essential amino acids and fatty acids, including ω3 and ω6, while decreasing the energy intake. Based on the results, the optimal dragee sample was formulated and prepared with a desirability of 0.955. The correlation coefficient indicated that the effective optimization process and the performance of the model were carried out properly. The addition of SP had a significant impact on all color parameters considered by the panelists, and the enriched sample was given a very good taste score (75.10 ± 2.923) and an outstanding overall acceptance rate (91.20 ± 1.549) by the panelists. Although morphological data from scanning electron microscopy showed the distribution of non-uniform SP particles relative to the addition of SP in the extruded product formulation, the preservation of more nutritional properties and the good acceptance of sensory evaluators indicated the success of the application in dragee formulation. Therefore, instead of being utilized in an extruder, we discovered that SP may be used as a dragee for snack fortification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Bayat Tork
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran; (M.B.T.); (Z.D.)
| | - Mohsen Vazifedoost
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran; (M.B.T.); (Z.D.)
- Correspondence: (M.V.); (M.A.H.)
| | - Mohammad Ali Hesarinejad
- Department of Food Processing, Research Institute of Food Science and Technology, Mashhad P.O. Box 91735-147, Iran
- Correspondence: (M.V.); (M.A.H.)
| | - Zohreh Didar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran; (M.B.T.); (Z.D.)
| | - Masoud Shafafi Zenoozian
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Sabzevar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sabzevar, Iran;
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Carella F, Degli Esposti L, Adamiano A, Iafisco M. The Use of Calcium Phosphates in Cosmetics, State of the Art and Future Perspectives. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:6398. [PMID: 34771927 DOI: 10.3390/ma14216398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Calcium phosphates (CaPs) belong to a class of biomimetic materials widely employed for medical applications thanks to their excellent properties, such as biodegradability, biocompatibility and osteoinductivity. The recent trend in the cosmetics field of substituting potentially hazardous materials with natural, safe, and sustainable ingredients for the health of consumers and for the environment, as well as the progress in the materials science of academics and chemical industries, has opened new perspectives in the use of CaPs in this field. While several reviews have been focused on the applications of CaP-based materials in medicine, this is the first attempt to catalogue the properties and use of CaPs in cosmetics. In this review a brief introduction on the chemical and physical characteristics of the main CaP phases is given, followed by an up-to-date report of their use in cosmetics through a large literature survey of research papers and patents. The application of CaPs as agents in oral care, skin care, hair care, and odor control has been selected and extensively discussed, highlighting the correlation between the chemical, physical and toxicological properties of the materials with their final applications. Finally, perspectives on the main challenges that should be addressed by the scientific community and cosmetics companies to widen the application of CaPs in cosmetics are given.
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Pîrvulescu IL, Pop D, Moacă E, Mihali C, Ille C, Jivănescu A. Effects of Simulated Gastric Acid Exposure on Surface Topography, Mechanical and Optical Features of Commercial CAD/CAM Ceramic Blocks. Applied Sciences 2021; 11:8703. [DOI: 10.3390/app11188703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Gastric acid exposure produces tooth structure demineralization and dental ceramic degradation. The most affected patients are those who suffer from gastroesophageal reflux disease, bulimia nervosa, and pregnant women with prolonged severe nausea. In order to protect this kind of patient, the purpose of this study was to determine whether simulated gastric acid exposure leads to microstructural changes in surface topography, hardness, color changes, and translucency of some ceramic materials, which are already on the market. Forty disks (Triluxe Forte, Cerasmart, Enamic and Empress CAD) were analyzed before and after immersion in simulated gastric acid juice, in terms of microhardness, surface roughness, translucency, and surface morphology using scanning electron microscopy. Color change was assessed by using a spectrophotometer based on CIELab parameters and the results showed that, after exposure, ∆Eab remained under the threshold of acceptability and perceptibility. In terms of microhardness, Cerasmart is the only material that did not undergo changes after immersion. SEM images illustrated observable changes surface topography after acid exposure for all the tested materials. In conclusion, Triluxe Forte suffered the most important changes after simulated gastric acid juice exposure, and Cerasmart proved to be the least affected material.
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Hojabri N, Kaisarly D, Kunzelmann KH. Adhesion and whitening effects of P11-4 self-assembling peptide and HAP suspension on bovine enamel. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 25:3237-3247. [PMID: 33108484 PMCID: PMC8060195 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03654-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the adhesion and whitening effects of a combination of P11-4 self-assembling peptide and hydroxyapatite (peptide-HAP) on bovine enamel. METHODS Forty-six caries-free bovine teeth were selected, and 40 teeth were randomly allocated to one of five groups (n = 8). First, the effects of application frequency, exposure time, and storage in saliva on the whitening effects of an experimental low-concentrated peptide-HAP suspension (0.5 wt% HAP; Curodont, Credentis) were evaluated and compared with a commercial bleaching agent (VivaStyle Paint on Plus, VS, Ivoclar Vivadent). Tooth color was measured using a spectrophotometer (Gretag MacBeth), and color changes ΔE were statistically analyzed. Second, the effects of peptide-HAP concentration (low versus high: 6.25% HAP; Curodont Protect), and its interactions with saliva and postapplication restaining, were investigated. Third, enamel surfaces (n = 2) were treated with low concentration peptide-HAP and high-concentration peptide-HAP in polymeric and monomeric forms (Curodont Protect & Curodont Repair, Credentis) and analyzed by SEM. RESULTS The ΔE of the low-concentration peptide-HAP suspension did not differ from that of VS. Application frequency, exposure time, and storage in saliva did not have any significant impact on whitening efficacy of the peptide-HAP suspension. Increasing the concentration of the suspension did not promote overall ΔE. SEM observations confirmed the presence of the newly generated peptide and HAP on the enamel surface. CONCLUSIONS The peptide-HAP suspension is a mild tooth whitener, and the adhesion of peptide-HAP to enamel is concentration dependent. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This peptide-HAP suspension is effective in offsetting discoloration caused by restaining after treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Hojabri
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Goethestr. 70, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Dalia Kaisarly
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Goethestr. 70, 80336, Munich, Germany.
- Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Karl-Heinz Kunzelmann
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Goethestr. 70, 80336, Munich, Germany
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Karimi Z, Saoui H, Sakout M, Abdallaoui F. Effect of Vital Bleaching on Micromorphology of Enamel Surface: an in Vitro Study. Prim Dent J 2021; 10:126-131. [PMID: 33722125 DOI: 10.1177/2050168420980966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of this in vitro study was to investigate the effects of bleaching agents commonly used in micromorphology of the enamel surface and to assess the effect of concentration and of adding fluoride in the bleaching agents. METHODS Sixty freshly extracted intact teeth were stored in distilled water. One half of each tooth was served as control, the other part was treated with bleaching agent. Samples were randomly divided into six groups of ten, according to the bleaching agents: G1- at-home-CP10; G2- at-home-CP16; G3- at-home-CP22; G4- in-office-CP35; G5- in-office-HP40 with fluoride; G6- in-office-HP40 without fluoride. Enamel specimens for each group were then submitted to a quantitative scanning electron microscopy. Number of pores and their diameter were measured to assess porosity of enamel surface. RESULTS SEM analysis revealed enamel surface porosity after bleaching. Significant increase in number and major diameter of pores in bleached samples (p<0.001) were observed. The comparison between samples treated with 10% PC and samples treated with 22% PC showed significant increase in number of pores (p=0.006) and major diameter (p=0.001) from samples treated with 22% PC. Statistical analyses showed significant increase in the number of pores (p=0.006) from samples treated with 40% HP without fluoride compared to samples treated with 40% HP containing fluoride. CONCLUSIONS Bleaching products with low concentration cause less porosity at surface of the enamel compared to concentrated products. Adding fluoride in the bleaching agent appears to reduce porosity of enamel surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakaria Karimi
- Assistant Professor in Conservative Dentistry, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mohammed V Military Teaching Hospital, Morocco
| | | | - Majid Sakout
- Professor of Higher Education in Conservative Dentistry, Professor of Higher Education and head of service of conservative dentistry, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mohammed V Military Teaching Hospital, Morocco
| | - Faiza Abdallaoui
- Professor of Higher Education and Head of Service of Conservative Dentistry, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco
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Ding PH, Dai A, Hu HJ, Huang JP, Liu JM, Chen LL. Efficacy of nano-carbonate apatite dentifrice in relief from dentine hypersensitivity following non-surgical periodontal therapy: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Oral Health 2020; 20:170. [PMID: 32532267 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-020-01157-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dentine hypersensitivity (DH) could occur or intensify after non-surgical periodontal therapy because of the exposure of dentine tubules, but currently no gold standard exists to treat DH. It has been demonstrated that nano-sized particles presented potential for dentine tubules blocking and remineralization. This randomized controlled trial aimed to investigate the efficacy of dentifrice containing nano-carbonate apatite (n-CAP) in reducing dentine hypersensitivity (DH) after non-surgical periodontal therapy. Methods 48 periodontitis patients with DH were included in this clinical trial. After non-surgical periodontal therapy, patients included were randomized to test and control group and the respective dentifrices were applied at chairside, after which they were instructed to brush teeth with the allocated dentifrices twice a day at home. Periodontal parameters were recorded at baseline and the last follow-up. DH was measured by air-blast test and recorded by visual analogue scale (VAS) and Schiff sensitivity scale at baseline, after polishing (0 week) and 2/4/6 weeks. Results 45 participants completed the follow-up. Periodontal parameters were improved and comparable between groups. Significant reduction in DH was observed in both groups at all time-points compared to baseline in terms of VAS and Schiff score. The test group achieved significantly greater relief from hypersensitivity compared with the control group after 4-week at-home use (for change of VAS, test group: 2.27 ± 2.47 versus control group: 1.68 ± 2.24, p = 0.036; for change of Schiff, test group: 0.94 ± 0.92 versus control group: 0.61 ± 0.83, p < 0.001). The 6-week results showed borderline significance between groups in terms of change of Schiff (p = 0.027) and no significance in terms of change of VAS (p = 0.256). Conclusions Home-use of n-CAP based dentifrice had some benefit on alleviation of DH following non-surgical periodontal therapy after 4 weeks compared to the control product. Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trials Registry (No. ChiCTR-IPR-17011678, http://www.chictr.org.cn/, registered 16 June, 2017).
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Abstract
Objectives: The purpose was to investigate the effect of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate fluoride (CPP-ACPF) paste, Remin Pro paste, and 0.05% sodium fluoride (NaF) mouthwash on teeth discoloration after home bleaching. Materials and Methods: In this in-vitro study, 48 intact and unstained human incisors were divided into four groups (n=12): control (Group 1), CPP-ACPF paste (Group 2), Remin Pro paste (Group 3), and 0.05% NaF mouthwash (Group 4). The specimens were bleached using 20% carbamide peroxide gel for 21 days and were subjected to pH cycling and surface treatment with remineralizing agents for one month. The color of the specimens was determined according to the CIELAB color space at baseline, after bleaching, and after surface treatment. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), post-hoc least significant difference (LSD) test, and one-sample t-test (P=0.05). Results: ANOVA showed a significant difference in the mean ΔE of the four groups after surface treatment (P<0.05). Post-hoc LSD test showed a significant difference between the mean ΔE of the control group and those of the treatment groups (P<0.05) with no significant difference between the treatment groups, except for Remin Pro. The mean ΔE and ΔL of the Remin Pro group showed less change than those of the CPP-ACPF and NaF groups, indicating that Remin Pro has the lowest potential for post-bleaching tooth discoloration. Conclusion: CPP-ACPF paste, Remin Pro paste, and 0.05% NaF mouthwash cause noticeable teeth discoloration immediately after bleaching. Remin Pro has less effect on tooth color than the other two products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadreza Malekipour
- Department of Restorative and Cosmetic Dentistry, Dental School, Isfahan (Khorasgan Branch), Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Norouzi
- Department of Restorative and Cosmetic Dentistry, Dental School, Isfahan (Khorasgan Branch), Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
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Kutuk ZB, Ergin E, Cakir FY, Gurgan S. Effects of in-office bleaching agent combined with different desensitizing agents on enamel. J Appl Oral Sci 2018; 27:e20180233. [PMID: 30427477 PMCID: PMC6223786 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2018-0233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze color change, microhardness and chemical composition of enamel bleached with in-office bleaching agent with different desensitizing application protocols. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred and seventeen polished anterior human enamel surfaces were obtained and randomly divided into nine groups (n = 13). After recording initial color, microhardness and chemical composition, the bleaching treatments were performed as G1: Signal Professional White Now POWDER&LIQUID FAST 38% Hydrogen peroxide(S); G2: S+Flor Opal/0.5% fluoride ion(F); G3: S+GC Tooth Mousse/Casein Phosphopeptide-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate (CPP-ACP) paste(TM); G4: S+UltraEZ/3% potassium nitrate&0.11% fluoride(U); G5: S+Signal Professional SENSITIVE PHASE 1/30% Nano-Hydroxyapatite (n-HAP) suspension(SP); G6: S-F mixture; G7: S-TM mixture; G8: S-U mixture; G9: S-SP mixture. Color, microhardness and chemical composition measurements were repeated after 1 and 14 days. The percentage of microhardness loss (PML) was calculated 1 and 14 days after bleaching. Data were analyzed with ANOVA, Welch ANOVA, Tukey and Dunnett T3 tests (p<0.05). RESULTS Color change was observed in all groups. The highest ΔE was observed at G7 after 1 day, and ΔE at G8 was the highest after 14 days (p<0.05). A decrease in microhardness was observed in all groups except G6 and G7 after 1 day. The microhardness of all groups increased after 14 days in comparison with 1 day after bleaching (p>0.05). PML was observed in all groups except G6 and G7 after bleaching and none of the groups showed PML after 14 days. No significant changes were observed after bleaching at Ca and P levels and Ca/P ratios at 1 or 14 days after bleaching (p>0.05). F mass increased only in G2 and G6, 1 day after bleaching (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The use of desensitizing agents containing fluoride, CPP-ACP, potassium nitrate or n-HAP after in-office bleaching or mixed in bleaching agent did not inhibit the bleaching effect. However, they all recovered microhardness of enamel 14 days after in-office bleaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep B Kutuk
- Hacettepe University, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Esra Ergin
- Hacettepe University, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Filiz Y Cakir
- Hacettepe University, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sevil Gurgan
- Hacettepe University, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ankara, Turkey
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Gomes YSDL, Alexandrino LD, Alencar CDM, Alves EB, Faial KC, Silva CM. In situ Effect of Nanohydroxyapatite Paste in Enamel Teeth Bleaching. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017; 18:996-1003. [PMID: 29109310 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM Evaluate in situ the effect of nanohydroxyapatite paste (nano-HAP) before bleaching with hydrogen peroxide 35% (HP35%) by ion chromatography (IC) Knoop hardness number (KHN) and tristimulus colorimetry (TC). MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 60 fragments were obtained from third molars included (3 mm × 3 mm × 3 mm) and the specimens were divided into three groups (n = 20): Gas chromatography (CG) (negative control group) = no bleaching; HP35% (positive control group) = HP35% whitening (whiteness HP35%); nano-HAP = application for 10 minutes before bleaching treatment + HP35%. The specimens were fixed to the volunteers' molars. The KHN and TC were measured before and after bleaching. For IC, the dentin layer was removed, leaving the enamel that was crushed, and autoclaved for chemical quantification (calcium, fluorine, and phosphorus). The results of KHN and TC were analyzed statistically by analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey test (p < 0.05). RESULTS The HP35% group showed reduction of the Ca, F, and P ions. The initial and final KHN mean of the CG and nano-HAP did not differ statistically; however, the group of HP35% did differ statistically. The mean ΔE of the HP35% and nano-HAP groups did not differ statistically from each other. However, they differed from the CG. CONCLUSION The nano-HAP paste preserved the KHN, promoted the lower loss of Ca and P ions and an increase of F ions when compared with the CG, but did not influence the effectiveness of the bleaching treatment. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Nano-HA is a biomaterial that has shown positive results in the prevention of deleterious effects on the enamel by the action of the office bleaching treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Larissa D Alexandrino
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Federal University of Para, Belem, Para, Brazil
| | | | - Eliane B Alves
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Federal University of Para, Belem, Para, Brazil
| | - Kelson Cf Faial
- Department of Toxicology, Environment Section (SAMAM) Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua, Para, Brazil
| | - Cecy M Silva
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Federal University of Para, Augusto Correa Street No. 1, Guama, Belem, Para, Brazil, Phone: +559132521269 e-mail:
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Monteiro D, Moreira A, Cornacchia T, Magalhães C. Evaluation of the effect of different enamel surface treatments and waiting times on the staining prevention after bleaching. J Clin Exp Dent 2017; 9:e677-e681. [PMID: 28512546 PMCID: PMC5429481 DOI: 10.4317/jced.53712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bleached dental enamel can be more susceptible to staining than the enamel that has never been bleached, especially right after tooth bleaching. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of surface treatments and waiting time prior to contact with dye on bleached enamel staining susceptibility. Material and Methods One hundred teeth were bleached with 35% hydrogen peroxide (Whiteness HP, FGM) and randomly assigned to G1 artificial saliva, G2 2% sodium fluoride (Flugel, Nova DFL), G3 casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate fluoride paste (CPP-ACPF, MI Paste Plus, GC America), G4 rinse for color maintenance after bleaching (Keep White Rinse, DMC) and G5 polishing with aluminum oxide-impregnated disks (Super Buff Disk, Shofu). Fifty specimens were immersed in red wine for 15 minutes, immediately after treatment, and the others one hour after. Color difference (∆E) was evaluated with a spectrophotometer (Vita EasyShade). Surface treatments and waiting time effects were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis and Mann Whitney tests (p<0.05). Results Surface treatments (p>0.05) and waiting time (p>0.05) were not significant to decrease bleached enamel susceptibility to red wine staining. Conclusions Surface treatments were similar to artificial saliva for bleached enamel susceptibility to red wine staining. Immediate or one-hour-postponed contact with red wine did not affect bleached enamel color. Key words:Tooth bleaching, color, dental enamel, hydrogen peroxide, pigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Monteiro
- DDS, MSc, PhD student, Department of Restorative Dentistry. School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais and Professor, Faculdade de Estudos Administrativos, Dentistry, FEAD
| | - Allyson Moreira
- DDS, PhD, Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry. School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
| | - Tulimar Cornacchia
- DDS, MSc, PhD, Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry. School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
| | - Cláudia Magalhães
- DDS, MSc, PhD, Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry. School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
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Abstract
Background: The ever-increasing demand for enhanced esthetic appearance has resulted in significant developments in bleaching products. However, the enamel surface roughness (SR) might be negatively affected by bleaching agents. This in vitro study was undertaken to compare the effects of three nanobiomaterials on the enamel SR subsequent to bleaching. Materials and Methods: The crowns of six extracted intact nonerupted human third molars were sectioned. Five dental blocks measuring 2 mm × 3 mm × 4 mm were prepared from each tooth and placed in colorless translucent acrylic resin. The enamel areas from all the specimens were divided into five groups (n = 6): Group 1 did not undergo any bleaching procedures; Group 2 was bleached with a 40% hydrogen peroxide (HP) gel; Groups 3, 4, and 5 were bleached with a 40% HP gel modified by bioactive glass (BAG), amorphous calcium phosphate, and hydroxyapatite, respectively. The enamel SR was evaluated before and after treatment by atomic force microscopy. The data were analyzed by Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney tests. Results: SR increased significantly in the HP group. SR decreased significantly in the HP gel modified by BAG group as compared to other groups. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, incorporation of each one of the three test biomaterials proved effective in decreasing enamel SR subsequent to in-office bleaching technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Khoroushi
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Dental Materials Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Farinaz Shirban
- Department of Orthodontics, Torabinejad Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Samaneh Doustfateme
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Torabinejad Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sara Kaveh
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Torabinejad Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
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Okada M, Matsumoto T. Synthesis and modification of apatite nanoparticles for use in dental and medical applications. Japanese Dental Science Review 2015; 51:85-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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18
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Padovani GC, Feitosa VP, Sauro S, Tay FR, Durán G, Paula AJ, Durán N. Advances in Dental Materials through Nanotechnology: Facts, Perspectives and Toxicological Aspects. Trends Biotechnol 2015; 33:621-36. [PMID: 26493710 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 08/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is currently driving the dental materials industry to substantial growth, thus reflecting on improvements in materials available for oral prevention and treatment. The present review discusses new developments in nanotechnology applied to dentistry, focusing on the use of nanomaterials for improving the quality of oral care, the perspectives of research in this arena, and discussions on safety concerns regarding the use of dental nanomaterials. Details are provided on the cutting-edge properties (morphological, antibacterial, mechanical, fluorescence, antitumoral, and remineralization and regeneration potential) of polymeric, metallic and inorganic nano-based materials, as well as their use as nanocluster fillers, in nanocomposites, mouthwashes, medicines, and biomimetic dental materials. Nanotoxicological aspects, clinical applications, and perspectives for these nanomaterials are also discussed.
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Rezvani MB, Atai M, Rouhollahi MR, Malekhoseini K, Rezai H, Hamze F. Effect of Nano-Tricalcium Phosphate and Nanohydroxyapatite on the Staining Susceptibility of Bleached Enamel. Int Sch Res Notices 2015; 2015:935264. [PMID: 27347555 DOI: 10.1155/2015/935264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of nano-tricalcium phosphate (n-TCP) and nanohydroxyapatite (n-HAP) on prevention of restaining of enamel after dental bleaching. Methods. Forty bovine incisors were bleached with 20% carbamide peroxide for two weeks. Afterward, they were divided into five groups based on remineralization solution: no treatment (control), 10% n-TCP, 5% n-TCP, 10% n-HAP, and 5% n-HAP. Each group was daily immersed for 10 minutes in the restaining solution (tea) and for 3 minutes in the remineralization agent, respectively. This protocol was repeated for five days. Subsequently, three digital photographs (baseline, after bleaching, and after restaining) were analyzed by Adobe Photoshop software. The obtained L∗, a∗, b∗, and ΔE parameters were compared using ANOVA and Wilcoxon and Bonferroni tests. Results. After bleaching, there were significant changes in tooth colors (P < 0.001) while, after restaining and immersion in remineralization solutions, there were no significant differences in L∗, a∗, and b∗ values of different groups (P > 0.05). However, ΔE of 10% TCP was significantly lower than the control (P = 0.02) while there were no significant differences between the other groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion. 10% n-TCP could significantly maintain the resultant color and reconstruct the enamel structure after bleaching.
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20
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Klaric E, Rakic M, Sever I, Milat O, Par M, Tarle Z. Enamel and Dentin Microhardness and Chemical Composition After Experimental Light-activated Bleaching. Oper Dent 2015; 40:E132-41. [PMID: 25748206 DOI: 10.2341/14-148-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate 1) the influence of five bleaching agents (with additional light activation) on enamel and dentin surface microhardness and chemical composition and 2) the remineralizing potential of artificial saliva and amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP). METHODS AND MATERIALS The study was conducted on 125 human third molars dissected into quarters for separate enamel and dentin measurements. The bleaching process was performed with 38% and 25% hydrogen peroxide (HP) and 30%, 16%, and 10% carbamide peroxide (CP) gels two times for 15 minutes each time. All bleaching gels were tested alone and in combination with ZOOM2, light-emitting diode (LED), organic LED, and femtosecond laser. A total of 25 bleaching combinations (n=10) were evaluated. Microhardness was measured by a Vickers diamond. Chemical analysis was performed using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. RESULTS Bleaching agents used in the absence of light activation caused a significant reduction in enamel and dentin surface microhardness (p<0.001), ranging from 8% for 16% CP to 40% for 25% HP. The effects of different light activations were negligible. After two-week treatment with ACP and artificial saliva, maximum deviation from baseline microhardness was just 3%. Such treatment increased the concentrations of calcium, phosphorus, and fluorine. CONCLUSIONS An increase in peroxide concentration and gel acidity negatively affected microhardness and concentrations of calcium and phosphorus in enamel and dentin. ACP and artificial saliva stimulated the remineralization of hard tissues.
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21
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China ALP, Souza NM, Gomes YDSBDL, Alexandrino LD, Silva CM. Effect of fluoride gels on microhardness and surface roughness of bleached enamel. Open Dent J 2014; 8:188-93. [PMID: 25419249 PMCID: PMC4238030 DOI: 10.2174/1874210601408010188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of bleaching treatments containing added calcium and combined with neutral or acidic fluoride gels on tooth enamel was investigated in vitro through Knoop microhardness (KHN) and surface roughness (SR) measurements. A total of 60 bovine incisors were tested, including 30 for SR measurements and 30 for KHN measurements. The specimens were divided into 12 groups and subjected to a bleaching agent with hydrogen peroxide 35% (Whiteness HP 35% Maxx, FGM) or hydrogen peroxide 35% with calcium (Whiteness HP 35% Blue Calcium, FGM) and a fluoride treatment flugel acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) or flugel neutral fluoride (NF). Control specimens were submitted to bleaching treatments without fluoride. Microhardness tests were performed using a Knoop indentor. Roughness measurements were obtained using a roughness analyzer. Measurements were obtained before and after treatment. The specimens were stored in distilled water at 37 °C between treatments. The results were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Treatments using APF combined with 35% HP caused a decrease in microhardness, while NF combined with HP 35% Ca increased the enamel hardness. Fluoride gels did not alter the SR of the bleached enamel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L P China
- 1Student, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Para, Para, Brazil
| | - Nayara M Souza
- 1Student, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Para, Para, Brazil
| | | | | | - Cecy M Silva
- 2School of Dentistry, Federal University of Para, Para, Brazil
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22
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Abstract
Objective: This in vitro study analyzed the effects of a bleaching treatment containing 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP) with or without calcium on bovine enamel, using the Knoop hardness number (KHN), tristimulus colorimetry (TC), and scanning electron microscopy. Materials and Methods: Forty-five specimens were randomly divided into groups (n = 5), which included artificial saliva (negative control [NC]), 35% HP (positive control [PC]), and 35% HP Blue Calcium (HP Blue). The specimens were subjected to three bleaching sessions. During the sessions, the specimens were immersed in artificial saliva at 37°C. Before and after bleaching, KHN tests were conducted using a force of 25 gf for 5 s. TC was performed using the CIE-L*a*b* system and readouts were obtained at the following 4 time points: Before the bleaching treatment; after the first session, the second session, and the third session. The specimens were dehydrated and coated with gold, and the photomicrographs were analyzed in a double-blind manner with a LEO microscope. Results: Using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's test (P < 0.05), a statistically significant difference was identified between the initial and final mean KHNs of the NC and PC groups, while the initial and final mean KHNs were not significantly different in the HP Blue group. The final mean values of ΔE, ΔL, and Δb of the PC and HP Blue groups were significantly higher than the initial values (P < 0.01 for both). The photomicrographs revealed no differences among the groups. Conclusions: Therefore, treatment with HP Blue prevented changes in the KHN without reducing the efficacy of bleaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Alexandrino
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Federal University of Pará, Belem, Para, Brazil
| | - Yasmin Gomes
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Federal University of Pará, Belem, Para, Brazil
| | - Eliane Alves
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Federal University of Pará, Belem, Para, Brazil
| | - Hilton Costi
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Museum Emilio Goeldi, Belem, Para, Brazil
| | - Hervé Rogez
- Department of Food Engineering, Federal University of Pará, and Centre for Agro-food Valorization of Amazonian Bioactive Compounds, Belem, Para, Brazil
| | - Cecy Silva
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Federal University of Pará, Belem, Para, Brazil
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23
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Abstract
Nanotechnology has considerably accelerated the growth of regenerative medicine in recent years. Application of nanotechnology in regenerative medicine has revolutionized the designing of grafts and scaffolds which has resulted in new grafts/scaffold systems having significantly enhanced cellular and tissue regenerative properties. Since the cell–cell and cell-matrix interaction in biological systems takes place at the nanoscale level, the application of nanotechnology gives an edge in modifying the cellular function and/or matrix function in a more desired way to mimic the native tissue/organ. In this review, we focus on the nanotechnology-based recent advances and trends in regenerative medicine and discussed under individual organ systems including bone, cartilage, nerve, skin, teeth, myocardium, liver and eye. Recent studies that are related to the design of various types of nanostructured scaffolds and incorporation of nanomaterials into the matrices are reported. We have also documented reports where these materials and matrices have been compared for their better biocompatibility and efficacy in supporting the damaged tissue. In addition to the recent developments, future directions and possible challenges in translating the findings from bench to bedside are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koel Chaudhury
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Vishu Kumar
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Jayaprakash Kandasamy
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Sourav RoyChoudhury
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
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Han SY, Kim JS, Kim YS, Kwon HK, Kim BI. Effect of a New Combined Therapy with Nano-Carbonate Apatite and CO2Laser on Dentin Hypersensitivity in anin SituModel. Photomed Laser Surg 2014; 32:394-400. [DOI: 10.1089/pho.2014.3710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sun Young Han
- Department of Preventive Dentistry and Public Oral Health, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Sun Kim
- Department of Preventive Dentistry and Public Oral Health, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Seok Kim
- Department of Preventive Dentistry and Public Oral Health, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho Keun Kwon
- Department of Preventive Dentistry and Public Oral Health, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Baek Il Kim
- Department of Preventive Dentistry and Public Oral Health, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- Oral Science Research Center, College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
- BK 21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
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Yao JW, Xiao Y, Zuo QL, Zhang Y, Tao T, Lin CJ. Effectiveness of cysteine proteases on protein/pigment film removal. Arch Oral Biol 2013; 58:1618-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2013.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Revised: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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26
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Kim JS, Han SY, Kwon HK, Kim BI. Synergistic Effect of Dentinal Tubule Occlusion by Nano-Carbonate Apatite and CO2LaserIn Vitro. Photomed Laser Surg 2013; 31:392-7. [DOI: 10.1089/pho.2012.3470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Sun Kim
- Department of Preventive Dentistry and Public Oral Health, Research Center for Orofacial Hard Tissue Regeneration, Brain Korea 21 project, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Young Han
- Department of Preventive Dentistry and Public Oral Health, Research Center for Orofacial Hard Tissue Regeneration, Brain Korea 21 project, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Keun Kwon
- Department of Preventive Dentistry and Public Oral Health, Research Center for Orofacial Hard Tissue Regeneration, Brain Korea 21 project, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Baek Il Kim
- Department of Preventive Dentistry and Public Oral Health, Research Center for Orofacial Hard Tissue Regeneration, Brain Korea 21 project, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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27
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Han SY, Jung HI, Kwon HK, Kim BI. Combined Effects of Er:YAG Laser and Nano-Carbonate Apatite Dentifrice on Dentinal Tubule Occlusion: In Vitro Study. Photomed Laser Surg 2013; 31:342-8. [DOI: 10.1089/pho.2012.3449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sun Young Han
- Department of Preventive Dentistry and Public Oral Health, Research Center for Orofacial Hard Tissue Regeneration, Brain Korea 21 Project, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoi In Jung
- Department of Preventive Dentistry and Public Oral Health, Research Center for Orofacial Hard Tissue Regeneration, Brain Korea 21 Project, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Keun Kwon
- Department of Preventive Dentistry and Public Oral Health, Research Center for Orofacial Hard Tissue Regeneration, Brain Korea 21 Project, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Baek Il Kim
- Department of Preventive Dentistry and Public Oral Health, Research Center for Orofacial Hard Tissue Regeneration, Brain Korea 21 Project, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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D'Arce MBF, Lima DANL, Aguiar FHB, Bertoldo CES, Ambrosano GMB, Lovadino JR. Effectiveness of dental bleaching in depth after using different bleaching agents. J Clin Exp Dent 2013; 5:e100-7. [PMID: 24455056 PMCID: PMC3892220 DOI: 10.4317/jced.51063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: This study evaluated the effectiveness of low- and high-concentration bleaching agents on enamel and deep dentin.
Study design: Stained bovine incisors fragments were randomized placed into 10 groups (n=5), according to the sample thicknesses (2.0 mm or 3.5 mm) and bleaching agent: 10% carbamide peroxide (CP) (4 h a day/21 days); 6% hydrogen peroxide (HP) with calcium (1:30 h a day/21 days); HP 20% with calcium (50 min a day/3 sessions with a 7-day interval); HP 35% (3 x 15 min a day/3 sessions with a 7-day interval); HP 35% with calcium (40 min a day/3 sessions with a 7-day interval). The samples were stored in artificial saliva during the experiment. The color change was evaluated using a spectrophotometer at the initial analysis, after artificially staining with black tea and after each of the bleaching weeks, and data was expressed in CIE Lab System values. The L* coordinate data was submitted to analysis of variance and Tukey-Kramer test and the ?E values data was submitted for analysis of variance in a split-plot ANOVA and Tukey’s test (?=0.05).
Results: None of the bleaching agents tested differed from the reflectance values on the enamel surface. For deep dentin HP 20% and HP 35%, both with calcium, showed the lowest reflectance values, which differed from CP 10%.
Conclusion: It is concluded that high concentration hydrogen peroxide with calcium was less effective in deep dentin than 10% carbamide peroxide.
Key words:Dental bleaching; hydrogen peroxide; carbamide peroxide; dental staining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria B F D'Arce
- DDS, MS, PhD Student. Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Débora A N L Lima
- DDS, MS, PhD, Assistant Professor. Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Flávio H B Aguiar
- DDS, MS, PhD, Assistant Professor. Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos E S Bertoldo
- DDS, MS, PhD Student. Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Gláucia M B Ambrosano
- PhD, Assistant Professor. Department of Social Dentistry/Statistics, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - José R Lovadino
- DDS, MS, PhD, Full Professor. Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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Sadiasa A, Franco RA, Seo HS, Lee BT. Hydroxyapatite delivery to dentine tubules using carboxymethyl cellulose dental hydrogel for treatment of dentine hypersensitivity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/jbise.2013.610123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Okada M, Furuzono T. Hydroxylapatite nanoparticles: fabrication methods and medical applications. Sci Technol Adv Mater 2012; 13:064103. [PMID: 27877527 PMCID: PMC5099760 DOI: 10.1088/1468-6996/13/6/064103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxylapatite (or hydroxyapatite, HAp) exhibits excellent biocompatibility with various kinds of cells and tissues, making it an ideal candidate for tissue engineering, orthopedic and dental applications. Nanosized materials offer improved performances compared with conventional materials due to their large surface-to-volume ratios. This review summarizes existing knowledge and recent progress in fabrication methods of nanosized (or nanostructured) HAp particles, as well as their recent applications in medical and dental fields. In section 1, we provide a brief overview of HAp and nanoparticles. In section 2, fabrication methods of HAp nanoparticles are described based on the particle formation mechanisms. Recent applications of HAp nanoparticles are summarized in section 3. The future perspectives in this active research area are given in section 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Okada
- Department of Biomaterials, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuha-Hanazono, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1121, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Furuzono
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kinki University, 930 Nishi-Mitani, Kinokawa, Wakayama, 649-6493, Japan
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He LB, Shao MY, Tan K, Xu X, Li JY. The effects of light on bleaching and tooth sensitivity during in-office vital bleaching: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Dent 2012; 40:644-53. [PMID: 22525016 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2012.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Revised: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the influence of light on bleaching efficacy and tooth sensitivity during in-office vital bleaching. DATA SOURCES We performed a literature search using Medline, EMBASE and Cochrane Central up to September 2011. STUDY SELECTION All randomised controlled trials (RCTs) or quasi-RCTs comparing the light-activated bleaching system with non-activation bleaching system were included. Reports without clinical data concerning bleaching efficacy or tooth sensitivity were excluded. RESULTS Eleven studies were included in the meta-analysis. A light-activated system produced better immediate bleaching effects than a non-light system when lower concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (15-20% HP) were used (mean difference [MD], -1.78; 95% confidence interval [CI]: [-2.30, -1.26]; P<0.00001). When high concentrations of HP (25-35%) were employed, there was no difference in the immediate bleaching effect (MD, -0.39; 95% CI: [-1.15, 0.37]; P=0.32) or short-term bleaching effect (MD, 0.25; 95% CI: [-0.47, 0.96]; P=0.50) between the light-activated system and the non-light system. However, the light-activated system produced a higher percentage of tooth sensitivity (odds ratio [OR], 3.53; 95% CI: [1.37, 9.10]; P=0.009) than the non-light system during in-office bleaching. CONCLUSIONS Light increases the risk of tooth sensitivity during in-office bleaching, and light may not improve the bleaching effect when high concentrations of HP (25-35%) are employed. Therefore, dentists should use the light-activated system with great caution or avoid its use altogether. Further rigorous studies are, however, needed to explore the advantages of this light-activated system when lower concentrations of HP (15-20%) are used.
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